CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Luna 16 - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"264dc33c-6e41-44d2-9836-21e79a96f7eb","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Luna_16","wgTitle":"Luna 16","wgCurRevisionId":1250640039,"wgRevisionId":1250640039,"wgArticleId":99165,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use dmy dates from May 2020","Coordinates not on Wikidata","Luna programme","Sample return missions","Missions to the Moon","Soft landings on the Moon","1970 in the Soviet Union","Spacecraft launched in 1970","1970 on the Moon"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Luna_16","wgRelevantArticleId":99165, "wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":-0.5137,"lon":56.3638},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q858293","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile", "model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.gallery","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp", "ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Luna_16.jpg/1200px-Luna_16.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Luna_16.jpg/800px-Luna_16.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Luna_16.jpg/640px-Luna_16.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="640"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Luna 16 - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luna_16"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Luna_16&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luna_16"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Luna_16 rootpage-Luna_16 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Luna+16" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Luna+16" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Luna+16" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Luna+16" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Overview" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overview"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Overview</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overview-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mission_summary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mission_summary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Mission summary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mission_summary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Luna 16</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 37 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">37 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7_16" title="لونا 16 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لونا 16" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AC" title="লুনা ১৬ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লুনা ১৬" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0_16" title="Луна 16 – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Луна 16" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luna_16" title="Luna 16 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Luna 16" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luna_16" title="Luna 16 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Luna 16" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luna_16" title="Luna 16 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Luna 16" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7_%DB%B1%DB%B6" title="لونا ۱۶ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لونا ۱۶" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luna_16" title="Luna 16 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Luna 16" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A1_16" title="Լունա 16 – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լունա 16" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE_16" title="लूना 16 – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लूना 16" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luna_16" title="Luna 16 – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Luna 16" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luna_16" title="Luna 16 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Luna 16" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luna_16" title="Luna 16 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Luna 16" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94_16" title="לונה 16 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לונה 16" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90-16" title="ლუნა-16 – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლუნა-16" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luna-16" title="Luna-16 – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Luna-16" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luna_16" title="Luna 16 – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Luna 16" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luna%E2%80%9316" title="Luna–16 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Luna–16" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B0%E1%80%94_%E1%81%81%E1%81%86" title="လူန ၁၆ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လူန ၁၆" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loena_16" title="Loena 16 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Loena 16" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AB%E3%83%8A16%E5%8F%B7" title="ルナ16号 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ルナ16号" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luna_16" title="Luna 16 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Luna 16" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luna_16" title="Luna 16 – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Luna 16" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7_16" title="لونا 16 – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لونا 16" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81una_16" title="Łuna 16 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Łuna 16" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luna_16" title="Luna 16 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Luna 16" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0-16" title="Луна-16 – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Луна-16" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luna_16" title="Luna 16 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Luna 16" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7_%D9%A1%D9%A6" title="لونا ١٦ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="لونا ١٦" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0_16" title="Луна 16 – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Луна 16" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luna_16" title="Luna 16 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Luna 16" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luna_16" title="Luna 16 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Luna 16" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE_16" title="உலூனா 16 – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உலூனா 16" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0-16" title="Луна-16 – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Луна-16" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0-16" title="Луна-16 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Луна-16" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luna_16" title="Luna 16 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Luna 16" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%88%E7%90%8316%E5%8F%B7" title="月球16号 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="月球16号" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q858293#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Luna_16" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Luna_16" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Luna_16"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luna_16&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luna_16&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Luna_16"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luna_16&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luna_16&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Luna_16" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Luna_16" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luna_16&oldid=1250640039" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luna_16&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Luna_16&id=1250640039&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLuna_16"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLuna_16"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Luna_16&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luna_16&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Luna_16" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q858293" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Luna_16&params=0.5137_S_56.3638_E_globe:moon"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">0°30′49″S</span> <span class="longitude">56°21′50″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">0.5137°S 56.3638°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-0.5137; 56.3638</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Soviet space probe</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1089065853">.mw-parser-output .ib-spaceflight{width:25em}.mw-parser-output .ib-spaceflight .infobox-header{background:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .ib-edit-wd{float:right}</style><table class="infobox ib-spaceflight"><caption class="infobox-title"><i>Luna 16</i></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Luna_16.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Luna_16.jpg/260px-Luna_16.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Luna_16.jpg/390px-Luna_16.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Luna_16.jpg/520px-Luna_16.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><i>Luna 16</i></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mission type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Planetary_science" title="Planetary science">Lunar sample return</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Operator</th><td class="infobox-data">Soviet space program</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/International_Designator" title="International Designator">COSPAR ID</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1970-072A">1970-072A</a></span><span class="ib-edit-wd"> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858293#P247" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Satellite_Catalog_Number" title="Satellite Catalog Number">SATCAT <abbr title="number">no.</abbr></a></th><td class="infobox-data">4527</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mission duration</th><td class="infobox-data">12 days</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Spacecraft properties</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Satellite_bus" title="Satellite bus">Bus</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ye-8-5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ye-8-5 (page does not exist)">Ye-8-5</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manufacturer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lavochkin" title="Lavochkin">GSMZ Lavochkin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch mass</th><td class="infobox-data">5,725 kg (12,621 lb)<sup id="cite_ref-beyond_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-beyond-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Landing mass</th><td class="infobox-data">1,880 kg (4,140 lb) <sup id="cite_ref-Wilson_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilson-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Start of mission</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch date</th><td class="infobox-data">12 September 1970, 13:25:52<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtstart">1970-09-12UTC13:25:52Z</span>)</span> UTC<sup id="cite_ref-beyond_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-beyond-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rocket</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Proton-K" title="Proton-K">Proton-K</a>/<a href="/wiki/Blok_D" title="Blok D">D</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch site</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Baikonur_Cosmodrome" title="Baikonur Cosmodrome">Baikonur</a> <a href="/wiki/Baikonur_Cosmodrome_Site_81" title="Baikonur Cosmodrome Site 81">81/23</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">End of mission</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Landing date</th><td class="infobox-data">24 September 1970, 05:25<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend">1970-09-24UTC05:26Z</span>)</span> UTC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Landing site</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Luna_16&params=47_24_N_68_36_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">47°24′N</span> <span class="longitude">68°36′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">47.400°N 68.600°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">47.400; 68.600</span></span></span></a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Orbital parameters</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference system</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Selenocentric_orbit" class="mw-redirect" title="Selenocentric orbit">Selenocentric</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Semi-major_axis" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-major axis">Semi-major axis</a></th><td class="infobox-data">6,488.8 km (4,032.0 mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_eccentricity" title="Orbital eccentricity">Eccentricity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Apsis" title="Apsis">Periselene altitude</a></th><td class="infobox-data">111 km (69 mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Apsis" title="Apsis">Aposelene altitude</a></th><td class="infobox-data">111 km (69 mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_inclination" title="Orbital inclination">Inclination</a></th><td class="infobox-data">70°</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_period" title="Orbital period">Period</a></th><td class="infobox-data">119 minutes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Epoch_(astronomy)" title="Epoch (astronomy)">Epoch</a></th><td class="infobox-data">18 September 1970</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ddf;"><a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Lunar</a> orbiter</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Orbital insertion</th><td class="infobox-data">17 September 1970</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Orbits</th><td class="infobox-data">~36</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ddf;">Lunar lander</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Landing date</th><td class="infobox-data">20 September 1970, 05:18 UTC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Return launch</th><td class="infobox-data">21 September 1970, 07:43 UTC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Landing site</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Luna_16&params=0.5137_S_56.3638_E_globe:moon"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">0°30′49″S</span> <span class="longitude">56°21′50″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">0.5137°S 56.3638°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-0.5137; 56.3638</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sample mass</th><td class="infobox-data">101 grams (3.6 oz)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Instruments</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Stereo photographic imaging system<br />Remote arm for sample collection<br />Radiation detector</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><div class="" style="width:100%; text-align:center; border-top:1px #aaa solid"><b><a href="/wiki/Luna_programme" title="Luna programme">Luna programme</a></b></div><div style="width:100%"><div style="float: left; text-align:left;padding-right:0.5em;" class="noprint">← <i><a href="/wiki/Luna_E-8-5_No.405" class="mw-redirect" title="Luna E-8-5 No.405">Luna 1970A</a></i></div><div style="float: right; text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;" class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Luna_17" title="Luna 17">Luna 17</a> →</div></div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Luna 16</b></i> was an <a href="/wiki/Uncrewed_space_mission" class="mw-redirect" title="Uncrewed space mission">uncrewed 1970 space mission</a>, part of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> <a href="/wiki/Luna_program" class="mw-redirect" title="Luna program">Luna program</a>. It was the first <a href="/wiki/Robot" title="Robot">robotic</a> probe to land on the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a> and return a sample of <a href="/wiki/Lunar_soil" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunar soil">lunar soil</a> to Earth.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 101 grams (3.56 ounces) sample was returned from <a href="/wiki/Mare_Fecunditatis" title="Mare Fecunditatis">Mare Fecunditatis</a>. It represented the first successful <a href="/wiki/Lunar_sample" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunar sample">lunar sample</a> return mission by the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> and was the third lunar <a href="/wiki/Sample_return_mission" class="mw-redirect" title="Sample return mission">sample return mission</a> overall. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luna_16&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The spacecraft consisted of two attached stages, an ascent stage mounted on top of a descent stage. The descent stage was a cylindrical body with four protruding landing legs, fuel tanks, a landing radar, and a dual descent-engine complex. </p><p>A main descent engine was used to slow the craft until it reached a cutoff point, which was determined by the on-board computer based on altitude and velocity. After cutoff a bank of lower-thrust jets was used for the final landing. The descent stage also acted as a launch pad for the ascent stage. </p><p>The ascent stage was a smaller cylinder with a rounded top. It carried a cylindrical hermetically sealed soil-sample container inside a re-entry capsule. </p><p>The spacecraft descent stage was equipped with a television camera, radiation and temperature monitors, telecommunications equipment, and an extendable arm with a drilling rig for the collection of a lunar soil sample. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mission_summary">Mission summary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luna_16&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Mission summary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>Luna 16</i> automated station was launched toward the Moon from a preliminary Earth orbit and after one mid-course correction on 13 September it entered a circular 111 km with 70° inclination lunar orbit on 17 September 1970. The lunar gravity was studied from this orbit. After two orbital adjustments were performed on 18 and 19 September the <a href="/wiki/Perilune" class="mw-redirect" title="Perilune">perilune</a> was decreased to 15.1 km, as well as the inclination altered in preparation for landing. At perilune at 05:12 <a href="/wiki/UTC" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC">UTC</a> on 20 September, the main braking engine was fired, initiating the descent to the lunar surface. Six minutes later, at 05:18 UT, the spacecraft safely soft-landed in its target area at 0°41' south latitude and 56°18' east longitude, in the northeast area of <a href="/wiki/Mare_Fecunditatis" title="Mare Fecunditatis">Mare Fecunditatis</a> (Sea of Fertility) approximately 100 kilometers west of <a href="/wiki/Webb_(crater)" title="Webb (crater)">Webb crater</a> and 150 km north of <a href="/wiki/Langrenus_(crater)" title="Langrenus (crater)">Langrenus crater</a>. </p><p>This was the first landing made in lunar night, as the Sun had set about 60 hours earlier. The main descent engine cut off at an altitude of 20 m, and the landing jets cut off at 2 m height at a velocity less than 2.4 m/s, followed by vertical free fall. The mass of the spacecraft at landing was 1,880 kilograms. Less than an hour after landing, at 06:03 UT, an automatic drill penetrated the lunar surface to collect a soil sample. After drilling for seven minutes, the drill reached a stop at 35 centimeters depth and then withdrew its sample and lifted it in an arc to the top of the spacecraft, depositing the lunar material in a small spherical capsule mounted on the main spacecraft bus. The column of regolith in the drill tube was then transferred to the soil sample container.<sup id="cite_ref-Wilson_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilson-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After 26 hours and 25 minutes on the lunar surface, at 07:43 UT on 21 September, the spacecraft's upper stage lifted off from the Moon. The lower stage of <i>Luna 16</i> remained on the lunar surface and continued transmission of lunar temperature and radiation data. Three days later, on 24 September, after a direct ascent traverse with no mid-course corrections, the capsule, with its 101 grams of lunar soil, reentered Earth's atmosphere at a velocity of 11 kilometers per second. The capsule parachuted down 80 kilometers southeast of the town of <a href="/wiki/Jezkazgan" title="Jezkazgan">Jezkazgan</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic">Kazakhstan</a> at 05:25 UT on 24 September 1970. Analysis of the dark basalt material indicated a close resemblance to soil recovered by the American Apollo 12 mission.<sup id="cite_ref-Wilson_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilson-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Bochum_Observatory" title="Bochum Observatory">Bochum Observatory</a> in <a href="/wiki/Federal_Republic_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Republic of Germany">Germany</a>, strong and good-quality television pictures were returned by the spacecraft. <i>Luna 16</i> was a landmark success for the Soviets in their deep-space exploration program; the mission accomplished the first fully automatic recovery of soil samples from the surface of an extraterrestrial body. </p><p>A 0.4825 g sample of material from a depth of 27 cm was sent to Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-pillingersamp_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pillingersamp-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luna_16&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" align="right" style="font-size:smaller"> <tbody><tr> <th>Lunar<br />Mission </th> <th>Sample<br />Returned </th> <th>Year </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Luna 16</b> </td> <td align="right">101 g (3.6 oz)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="right">1970 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Luna_20" title="Luna 20">Luna 20</a></i> </td> <td align="right">30 g (1.1 oz)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="right">1972 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Luna_24" title="Luna 24">Luna 24</a></i> </td> <td align="right">170 g (6.0 oz)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="right">1976 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Three tiny samples (0.2 grams) of the <i>Luna 16</i> soil were sold at <a href="/wiki/Sotheby%27s" title="Sotheby's">Sotheby's</a> auction for $442,500 in 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The samples were resold by Sotheby's for <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>855,000 on 29 November 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A series of 10-<a href="/wiki/Ruble" title="Ruble">kopeck</a> <a href="/wiki/Postage_stamp" title="Postage stamp">stamps</a> was issued in 1970 to commemorate the flight of <i>Luna 16</i> lunar probe and depicted the main stages of the programme: soft landing on Moon, launch of the lunar soil sample return capsule, and parachute assisted landing back on Earth. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 142.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Soviet_Union_1970_CPA_3951_stamp_(Luna_16_in_Flight_(1970.09.12)).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/The_Soviet_Union_1970_CPA_3951_stamp_%28Luna_16_in_Flight_%281970.09.12%29%29.jpg/211px-The_Soviet_Union_1970_CPA_3951_stamp_%28Luna_16_in_Flight_%281970.09.12%29%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="141" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/The_Soviet_Union_1970_CPA_3951_stamp_%28Luna_16_in_Flight_%281970.09.12%29%29.jpg/317px-The_Soviet_Union_1970_CPA_3951_stamp_%28Luna_16_in_Flight_%281970.09.12%29%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/The_Soviet_Union_1970_CPA_3951_stamp_%28Luna_16_in_Flight_%281970.09.12%29%29.jpg/423px-The_Soviet_Union_1970_CPA_3951_stamp_%28Luna_16_in_Flight_%281970.09.12%29%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="964" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 144px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 142px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Soviet_Union_1970_CPA_3952_stamp_(Luna_16_Leaving_Moon_(1970.09.20)).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/The_Soviet_Union_1970_CPA_3952_stamp_%28Luna_16_Leaving_Moon_%281970.09.20%29%29.jpg/213px-The_Soviet_Union_1970_CPA_3952_stamp_%28Luna_16_Leaving_Moon_%281970.09.20%29%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/The_Soviet_Union_1970_CPA_3952_stamp_%28Luna_16_Leaving_Moon_%281970.09.20%29%29.jpg/319px-The_Soviet_Union_1970_CPA_3952_stamp_%28Luna_16_Leaving_Moon_%281970.09.20%29%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/The_Soviet_Union_1970_CPA_3952_stamp_%28Luna_16_Leaving_Moon_%281970.09.20%29%29.jpg/426px-The_Soviet_Union_1970_CPA_3952_stamp_%28Luna_16_Leaving_Moon_%281970.09.20%29%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="684" data-file-height="963" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 144px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 142px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Soviet_Union_1970_CPA_3953_stamp_(Capsule_with_Moon_Rock_Landing_on_Earth_(1970.09.24)).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/The_Soviet_Union_1970_CPA_3953_stamp_%28Capsule_with_Moon_Rock_Landing_on_Earth_%281970.09.24%29%29.jpg/213px-The_Soviet_Union_1970_CPA_3953_stamp_%28Capsule_with_Moon_Rock_Landing_on_Earth_%281970.09.24%29%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/The_Soviet_Union_1970_CPA_3953_stamp_%28Capsule_with_Moon_Rock_Landing_on_Earth_%281970.09.24%29%29.jpg/319px-The_Soviet_Union_1970_CPA_3953_stamp_%28Capsule_with_Moon_Rock_Landing_on_Earth_%281970.09.24%29%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/The_Soviet_Union_1970_CPA_3953_stamp_%28Capsule_with_Moon_Rock_Landing_on_Earth_%281970.09.24%29%29.jpg/426px-The_Soviet_Union_1970_CPA_3953_stamp_%28Capsule_with_Moon_Rock_Landing_on_Earth_%281970.09.24%29%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="684" data-file-height="964" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> </ul><p>Replicas of Luna 16 are on display at the <a href="/wiki/Memorial_Museum_of_Cosmonautics" title="Memorial Museum of Cosmonautics">Memorial Museum of Cosmonautics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tsiolkovsky_State_Museum_of_the_History_of_Cosmonautics" title="Tsiolkovsky State Museum of the History of Cosmonautics">Tsiolkovsky State Museum of the History of Cosmonautics</a>.</p><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Laika_ac_Memorial_Museum_of_Astronautics_(6995717351).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Luna 16 at the Memorial Museum of Cosmonautics"><img alt="Luna 16 at the Memorial Museum of Cosmonautics" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Laika_ac_Memorial_Museum_of_Astronautics_%286995717351%29.jpg/270px-Laika_ac_Memorial_Museum_of_Astronautics_%286995717351%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Laika_ac_Memorial_Museum_of_Astronautics_%286995717351%29.jpg/405px-Laika_ac_Memorial_Museum_of_Astronautics_%286995717351%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Laika_ac_Memorial_Museum_of_Astronautics_%286995717351%29.jpg/540px-Laika_ac_Memorial_Museum_of_Astronautics_%286995717351%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Luna 16 at the <a href="/wiki/Memorial_Museum_of_Cosmonautics" title="Memorial Museum of Cosmonautics">Memorial Museum of Cosmonautics</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 69.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 67.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%22%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0-16%22.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Luna 16 at the Memorial Museum of Cosmonautics"><img alt="Luna 16 at the Memorial Museum of Cosmonautics" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/%22%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0-16%22.jpg/101px-%22%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0-16%22.jpg" decoding="async" width="68" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/%22%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0-16%22.jpg/151px-%22%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0-16%22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/%22%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0-16%22.jpg/202px-%22%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0-16%22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1456" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Luna 16 at the <a href="/wiki/Memorial_Museum_of_Cosmonautics" title="Memorial Museum of Cosmonautics">Memorial Museum of Cosmonautics</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 69.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 67.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kaluga_Wikiexpedition_(2016-06-11)_0465.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Luna 16 at the Tsiolkovsky State Museum of the History of Cosmonautics"><img alt="Luna 16 at the Tsiolkovsky State Museum of the History of Cosmonautics" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Kaluga_Wikiexpedition_%282016-06-11%29_0465.jpg/101px-Kaluga_Wikiexpedition_%282016-06-11%29_0465.jpg" decoding="async" width="68" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Kaluga_Wikiexpedition_%282016-06-11%29_0465.jpg/151px-Kaluga_Wikiexpedition_%282016-06-11%29_0465.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Kaluga_Wikiexpedition_%282016-06-11%29_0465.jpg/202px-Kaluga_Wikiexpedition_%282016-06-11%29_0465.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Luna 16 at the <a href="/wiki/Tsiolkovsky_State_Museum_of_the_History_of_Cosmonautics" title="Tsiolkovsky State Museum of the History of Cosmonautics">Tsiolkovsky State Museum of the History of Cosmonautics</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kaluga_Wikiexpedition_(2016-06-11)_0162.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Luna 16 at the Tsiolkovsky State Museum of the History of Cosmonautics"><img alt="Luna 16 at the Tsiolkovsky State Museum of the History of Cosmonautics" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Kaluga_Wikiexpedition_%282016-06-11%29_0162.jpg/270px-Kaluga_Wikiexpedition_%282016-06-11%29_0162.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Kaluga_Wikiexpedition_%282016-06-11%29_0162.jpg/405px-Kaluga_Wikiexpedition_%282016-06-11%29_0162.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Kaluga_Wikiexpedition_%282016-06-11%29_0162.jpg/540px-Kaluga_Wikiexpedition_%282016-06-11%29_0162.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Luna 16 at the <a href="/wiki/Tsiolkovsky_State_Museum_of_the_History_of_Cosmonautics" title="Tsiolkovsky State Museum of the History of Cosmonautics">Tsiolkovsky State Museum of the History of Cosmonautics</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luna_16&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Solar_system.jpg/22px-Solar_system.jpg" decoding="async" width="22" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Solar_system.jpg/34px-Solar_system.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Solar_system.jpg/45px-Solar_system.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="5600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Solar_System" title="Portal:Solar System">Solar System portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/28px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/42px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/56px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Spaceflight" title="Portal:Spaceflight">Spaceflight portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_artificial_satellites_and_space_probes" title="Timeline of artificial satellites and space probes">Timeline of artificial satellites and space probes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_artificial_objects_on_the_Moon" title="List of artificial objects on the Moon">List of artificial objects on the Moon</a> (descent stage)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_the_Moon" title="List of missions to the Moon">List of missions to the Moon</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luna_16&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-beyond-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-beyond_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-beyond_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSiddiqi2018" class="citation book cs1">Siddiqi, Asif (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/beyond-earth-tagged.pdf"><i>Beyond Earth: A Chronicle of Deep Space Exploration, 1958–2016</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (second ed.). NASA History Program Office. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781626830431" title="Special:BookSources/9781626830431"><bdi>9781626830431</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beyond+Earth%3A+A+Chronicle+of+Deep+Space+Exploration%2C+1958%E2%80%932016&rft.edition=second&rft.pub=NASA+History+Program+Office&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9781626830431&rft.aulast=Siddiqi&rft.aufirst=Asif&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fatoms%2Ffiles%2Fbeyond-earth-tagged.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuna+16" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wilson-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wilson_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wilson_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wilson_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Solar System Log by Andrew Wilson (pp.60–63), Jane's Publishing Company Limited, 1987, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0%2B7106%2B0444%2B0" title="Special:BookSources/0+7106+0444+0">0 7106 0444 0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epizodsspace.airbase.ru/bibl/inostr-yazyki/sov-luna/sovets-luna.pdf">"Soviet and Russian Lunar Exploration"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. p. 314. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190729155018/http://epizodsspace.airbase.ru/bibl/inostr-yazyki/sov-luna/sovets-luna.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2019-07-29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Soviet+and+Russian+Lunar+Exploration&rft.pages=314&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fepizodsspace.airbase.ru%2Fbibl%2Finostr-yazyki%2Fsov-luna%2Fsovets-luna.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuna+16" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurrows1999" class="citation book cs1">Burrows, William E. (1999). <i>This New Ocean: The Story of the First Space Age</i>. <a href="/wiki/Modern_Library" title="Modern Library">Modern Library</a>. p. 432. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-375-75485-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-375-75485-7"><bdi>0-375-75485-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=This+New+Ocean%3A+The+Story+of+the+First+Space+Age&rft.pages=432&rft.pub=Modern+Library&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-375-75485-7&rft.aulast=Burrows&rft.aufirst=William+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuna+16" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiddiqi2018" class="citation book cs1">Siddiqi, Asif A. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/beyond-earth-tagged.pdf"><i>Beyond Earth: A Chronicle of Deep Space Exploration, 1958–2016</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. The NASA history series (second ed.). Washington, DC: NASA History Program Office. p. 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781626830424" title="Special:BookSources/9781626830424"><bdi>9781626830424</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2017059404">2017059404</a>. SP2018-4041.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beyond+Earth%3A+A+Chronicle+of+Deep+Space+Exploration%2C+1958%E2%80%932016&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.series=The+NASA+history+series&rft.pages=1&rft.edition=second&rft.pub=NASA+History+Program+Office&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2017059404&rft.isbn=9781626830424&rft.aulast=Siddiqi&rft.aufirst=Asif+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fatoms%2Ffiles%2Fbeyond-earth-tagged.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuna+16" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pillingersamp-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pillingersamp_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPillingerGowar1977" class="citation journal cs1">Pillinger, Colin Trevor; Gowar, A.P (4 January 1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsta.1977.0003">"The separation and subdivision of two 0.5g samples of lunar soil collected by the Luna 16 and 20 missions"</a>. <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences</i>. <b>284</b> (1319): 137–143. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1977RSPTA.284..137P">1977RSPTA.284..137P</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsta.1977.0003">10.1098/rsta.1977.0003</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:119730403">119730403</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philosophical+Transactions+of+the+Royal+Society+of+London.+Series+A%2C+Mathematical+and+Physical+Sciences&rft.atitle=The+separation+and+subdivision+of+two+0.5g+samples+of+lunar+soil+collected+by+the+Luna+16+and+20+missions&rft.volume=284&rft.issue=1319&rft.pages=137-143&rft.date=1977-01-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A119730403%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frsta.1977.0003&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1977RSPTA.284..137P&rft.aulast=Pillinger&rft.aufirst=Colin+Trevor&rft.au=Gowar%2C+A.P&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Froyalsocietypublishing.org%2Fdoi%2F10.1098%2Frsta.1977.0003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuna+16" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1970-072A">"NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft – Details"</a>. <i>nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-11-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov&rft.atitle=NASA+-+NSSDC+-+Spacecraft+%E2%80%93+Details&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov%2Fnmc%2Fspacecraft%2Fdisplay.action%3Fid%3D1970-072A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuna+16" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1972-007A">"NASA – NSSDC – Spacecraft – Details"</a>. <i>nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-11-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov&rft.atitle=NASA+%E2%80%93+NSSDC+%E2%80%93+Spacecraft+%E2%80%93+Details&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov%2Fnmc%2Fspacecraft%2Fdisplay.action%3Fid%3D1972-007A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuna+16" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1976-081A">"NASA – NSSDC – Spacecraft – Details"</a>. <i>nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-11-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov&rft.atitle=NASA+%E2%80%93+NSSDC+%E2%80%93+Spacecraft+%E2%80%93+Details&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov%2Fnmc%2Fspacecraft%2Fdisplay.action%3Fid%3D1976-081A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuna+16" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimes-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_Gelder1995" class="citation news cs1">Van Gelder, Lawrence (2 December 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/02/nyregion/fbi-revisits-earthly-theft-of-moon-rock.html">"F.B.I. Revisits Earthly Theft of Moon Rock"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. p. 24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=F.B.I.+Revisits+Earthly+Theft+of+Moon+Rock&rft.pages=24&rft.date=1995-12-02&rft.aulast=Van+Gelder&rft.aufirst=Lawrence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1995%2F12%2F02%2Fnyregion%2Ffbi-revisits-earthly-theft-of-moon-rock.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuna+16" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sothebys.com/en/auctions/ecatalogue/2018/space-and-exploration-n09897/lot.63.html">"THE ONLY KNOWN DOCUMENTED SAMPLES OF THE MOON AVAILABLE FOR PRIVATE OWNERSHIP"</a>. <i>Sothebys.com</i>. 29 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sothebys.com&rft.atitle=THE+ONLY+KNOWN+DOCUMENTED+SAMPLES+OF+THE+MOON+AVAILABLE+FOR+PRIVATE+OWNERSHIP&rft.date=2018-11-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sothebys.com%2Fen%2Fauctions%2Fecatalogue%2F2018%2Fspace-and-exploration-n09897%2Flot.63.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuna+16" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luna_16&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_4" title="Lunar Orbiter 4">Lunar Orbiter 4</a> image showing the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lpi.usra.edu/resources/lunar_orbiter/images/aimg/iv_053_h3.jpg">landing site of <i>Luna 16</i></a> in Mare Fecunditatis.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zarya.info/Diaries/Luna/Luna16.php">Zarya – <i>Luna 16</i> chronology</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1970-072A">NASA NSSDC Master Catalog</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Luna_programme" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Luna_programme" title="Template:Luna programme"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Luna_programme" title="Template talk:Luna programme"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Luna_programme" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Luna programme"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Luna_programme" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Luna_programme" title="Luna programme">Luna programme</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Impactors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luna_E-1_No.1" title="Luna E-1 No.1">Luna E-1 No.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_E-1_No.2" title="Luna E-1 No.2">Luna E-1 No.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_E-1_No.3" title="Luna E-1 No.3">Luna E-1 No.3</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luna_1" title="Luna 1">Luna 1</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_E-1A_No.1" title="Luna E-1A No.1">Luna E-1A No.1</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luna_2" title="Luna 2">Luna 2</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Flyby</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Luna_3" title="Luna 3">Luna 3</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_E-3_No.1" title="Luna E-3 No.1">Luna E-3 No.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_E-3_No.2" title="Luna E-3 No.2">Luna E-3 No.2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lander</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luna_E-6_No.2" title="Luna E-6 No.2">Luna E-6 No.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_E-6_No.3" title="Luna E-6 No.3">Luna E-6 No.3</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luna_4" title="Luna 4">Luna 4</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_E-6_No.6" title="Luna E-6 No.6">Luna E-6 No.6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_E-6_No.5" title="Luna E-6 No.5">Luna E-6 No.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_60" title="Kosmos 60">Kosmos 60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_E-6_No.8" title="Luna E-6 No.8">Luna E-6 No.8</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luna_5" title="Luna 5">Luna 5</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luna_6" title="Luna 6">Luna 6</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luna_7" title="Luna 7">Luna 7</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luna_8" title="Luna 8">Luna 8</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luna_9" title="Luna 9">Luna 9</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luna_13" title="Luna 13">Luna 13</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Orbiter</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_111" title="Kosmos 111">Kosmos 111</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luna_10" title="Luna 10">Luna 10</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luna_11" title="Luna 11">Luna 11</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luna_12" title="Luna 12">Luna 12</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_E-6LS_No.112" title="Luna E-6LS No.112">Luna E-6LS No.112</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luna_14" title="Luna 14">Luna 14</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luna_19" title="Luna 19">Luna 19</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luna_22" title="Luna 22">Luna 22</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sample Return</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luna_E-8-5_No._402" title="Luna E-8-5 No. 402">Luna E-8-5 No. 402</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luna_15" title="Luna 15">Luna 15</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_300" title="Kosmos 300">Kosmos 300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_305" title="Kosmos 305">Kosmos 305</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_E-8-5_No._405" title="Luna E-8-5 No. 405">Luna E-8-5 No. 405</a></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Luna 16</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luna_18" title="Luna 18">Luna 18</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luna_20" title="Luna 20">Luna 20</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luna_23" title="Luna 23">Luna 23</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_E-8-5M_No._412" title="Luna E-8-5M No. 412">Luna E-8-5M No. 412</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luna_24" title="Luna 24">Luna 24</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rover</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luna_E-8_No.201" title="Luna E-8 No.201">Luna E-8 No.201</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luna_17" title="Luna 17">Luna 17</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luna_21" title="Luna 21">Luna 21</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Spacecraft_missions_to_the_Moon" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Moon_spacecraft" title="Template:Moon spacecraft"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Moon_spacecraft" title="Template talk:Moon spacecraft"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Moon_spacecraft" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Moon spacecraft"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Spacecraft_missions_to_the_Moon" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_the_Moon" title="List of missions to the Moon">Spacecraft missions</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_the_Moon" title="Exploration of the Moon">Exploration</a><br />programs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_program" title="Apollo program">Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_program" title="Artemis program">Artemis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Commercial Lunar Payload Services">CLPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_program" title="Lunar Orbiter program">Lunar Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Precursor_Robotic_Program" title="Lunar Precursor Robotic Program">Lunar Precursor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_program" title="Pioneer program">Pioneer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_program" title="Ranger program">Ranger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_program" title="Surveyor program">Surveyor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_National_Space_Administration" title="China National Space Administration">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Lunar_Exploration_Program" title="Chinese Lunar Exploration Program">Chang'e</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISRO" title="ISRO">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan_programme" title="Chandrayaan programme">Chandrayaan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Space_and_Astronautical_Science" title="Institute of Space and Astronautical Science">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Lunar_Exploration_Program" title="Japanese Lunar Exploration Program">Japanese Lunar Exploration Program</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_Aerospace_Research_Institute" title="Korea Aerospace Research Institute">South Korean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danuri" title="Danuri">Danuri</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Russian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luna-Glob" title="Luna-Glob">Luna-Glob</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_space_program" title="Soviet space program">Soviet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_crewed_lunar_programs" title="Soviet crewed lunar programs">Crewed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_programme" title="Luna programme">Luna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunokhod_programme" title="Lunokhod programme">Lunokhod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_program" title="Zond program">Zond</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Active<br />missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Orbiters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/THEMIS#ARTEMIS" title="THEMIS">ARTEMIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAPSTONE" title="CAPSTONE">CAPSTONE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-2" title="Chandrayaan-2">Chandrayaan-2</a> Orbiter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5-T1" title="Chang'e 5-T1">Chang'e 5-T1</a> (service module)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danuri" title="Danuri">Danuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter">Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queqiao_relay_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Queqiao relay satellite">Queqiao 1</a> (relay satellite at <a href="/wiki/Lagrange_point#L2" title="Lagrange point">L<sub>2</sub></a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queqiao-2_relay_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Queqiao-2 relay satellite">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiandu" title="Tiandu">Tiandu-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiandu" title="Tiandu">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICUBE-Q" title="ICUBE-Q">ICUBE-Q</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Landers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_3" title="Chang'e 3">Chang'e 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_4" title="Chang'e 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_Lander_for_Investigating_Moon" title="Smart Lander for Investigating Moon">SLIM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Rovers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yutu-2" title="Yutu-2">Yutu-2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Flybys</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ArgoMoon" title="ArgoMoon">ArgoMoon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Past<br />missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Crewed landings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_12" title="Apollo 12">12</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_14" title="Apollo 14">14</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_15" title="Apollo 15">15</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_16" title="Apollo 16">16</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_17" title="Apollo 17">17</a></i></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_Apollo_astronauts" title="List of Apollo astronauts">List of Apollo astronauts</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Orbiters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_8" title="Apollo 8">Apollo 8</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_10" title="Apollo 10">10</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Lunar_Module" title="Apollo Lunar Module">Apollo Lunar Module</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_I" title="Artemis I">Artemis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_1" title="Chang'e 1">Chang'e 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_2" title="Chang'e 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5" title="Chang'e 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-1" title="Chandrayaan-1">Chandrayaan-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-3" title="Chandrayaan-3">Chandrayaan-3</a> (propulsion module)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clementine_(spacecraft)" title="Clementine (spacecraft)">Clementine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_35" title="Explorer 35">Explorer 35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_49" title="Explorer 49">49</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRAIL" title="GRAIL">GRAIL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiten_(spacecraft)" title="Hiten (spacecraft)">Hiten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LADEE" title="LADEE">LADEE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_4#Microsatellites" title="Chang'e 4">Longjiang-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_10" title="Luna 10">Luna 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_11" title="Luna 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_12" title="Luna 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_14" title="Luna 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_19" title="Luna 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_22" title="Luna 22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_1" title="Lunar Orbiter 1">Lunar Orbiter 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_2" title="Lunar Orbiter 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_3" title="Lunar Orbiter 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_4" title="Lunar Orbiter 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_5" title="Lunar Orbiter 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Prospector" title="Lunar Prospector">Lunar Prospector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_15#Lunar_subsatellite" title="Apollo 15">PFS-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_16#Lunar_subsatellite_PFS-2" title="Apollo 16">PFS-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SMART-1" title="SMART-1">SMART-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SELENE" title="SELENE">SELENE (Kaguya, Okina, Ouna)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Spacecraft_that_impacted_the_Moon" title="Category:Spacecraft that impacted the Moon">Impactors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LCROSS" title="LCROSS">LCROSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_2" title="Luna 2">Luna 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_Impact_Probe" title="Moon Impact Probe">Moon Impact Probe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_4" title="Ranger 4">Ranger 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_6" title="Ranger 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_7" title="Ranger 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_8" title="Ranger 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_9" title="Ranger 9">9</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Moon_landing" title="Moon landing">Landers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Lunar_Module" title="Apollo Lunar Module">Apollo Lunar Module</a></i> ×6</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5" title="Chang'e 5">Chang'e 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_6" title="Chang'e 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_9" title="Luna 9">Luna 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_13" title="Luna 13">13</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_17" title="Luna 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_20" title="Luna 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_21" title="Luna 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_23" title="Luna 23">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_24" title="Luna 24">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_1" title="Surveyor 1">Surveyor 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_3" title="Surveyor 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_5" title="Surveyor 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_6" title="Surveyor 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_7" title="Surveyor 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-3" title="Chandrayaan-3">Vikram</a> (Chandrayaan-3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EagleCam" class="mw-redirect" title="EagleCam">EagleCam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IM-1" title="IM-1">IM-1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Lunar_rover" title="Lunar rover">Rovers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Roving_Vehicle" title="Lunar Roving Vehicle">Lunar Roving Vehicle</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_15" title="Apollo 15">Apollo 15</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_16" title="Apollo 16">16</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_17" title="Apollo 17">17</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunokhod_1" title="Lunokhod 1">Lunokhod 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunokhod_2" title="Lunokhod 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yutu_(rover)" title="Yutu (rover)">Yutu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pragyan_(Chandrayaan-2)" title="Pragyan (Chandrayaan-2)">Pragyan (Chandrayaan-2)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pragyan_(Chandrayaan-3)" title="Pragyan (Chandrayaan-3)">(Chandrayaan-3)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_Lander_for_Investigating_Moon#Lunar_Excursion_Vehicle_1" title="Smart Lander for Investigating Moon">LEV-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_Lander_for_Investigating_Moon#Lunar_Excursion_Vehicle_2" title="Smart Lander for Investigating Moon">LEV-2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sora-Q" title="Sora-Q">Sora-Q</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_6" title="Chang'e 6">Jinchan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Sample-return_mission" title="Sample-return mission">Sample return</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_12" title="Apollo 12">12</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_14" title="Apollo 14">14</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_15" title="Apollo 15">15</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_16" title="Apollo 16">16</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_17" title="Apollo 17">17</a></i></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Luna 16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_20" title="Luna 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_24" title="Luna 24">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5" title="Chang'e 5">Chang'e 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_6" title="Chang'e 6">6</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Failed landings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beresheet" title="Beresheet">Beresheet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirates_Lunar_Mission" title="Emirates Lunar Mission">Emirates Lunar Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakuto-R_Mission_1" title="Hakuto-R Mission 1">Hakuto-R M1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_5" title="Luna 5">Luna 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_7" title="Luna 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_8" title="Luna 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_15" title="Luna 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_18" title="Luna 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_25" title="Luna 25">25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OMOTENASHI" title="OMOTENASHI">OMOTENASHI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_2" title="Surveyor 2">Surveyor 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_4" title="Surveyor 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-2#Vikram_lander" title="Chandrayaan-2">Vikram</a> (Chandrayaan-2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peregrine_Mission_One" title="Peregrine Mission One">Peregrine Mission One</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Lunar_flybys" title="Category:Lunar flybys">Flybys</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manfred_Memorial_Moon_Mission" title="Manfred Memorial Moon Mission">4M</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_13" title="Apollo 13">Apollo 13</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5-T1" title="Chang'e 5-T1">Chang'e 5-T1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geotail" title="Geotail">Geotail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galileo_project" title="Galileo project">Galileo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Cometary_Explorer" title="International Cometary Explorer">ICE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_4#Microsatellites" title="Chang'e 4">Longjiang-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_1" title="Luna 1">Luna 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_3" title="Luna 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_4" title="Luna 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_6" title="Luna 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Polar_Hydrogen_Mapper" title="Lunar Polar Hydrogen Mapper">LunaH-Map</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Flashlight" title="Lunar Flashlight">Lunar Flashlight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_IceCube" title="Lunar IceCube">Lunar IceCube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LunIR" title="LunIR">LunIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_10" title="Mariner 10">Mariner 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_Asteroid_Scout" title="Near-Earth Asteroid Scout">NEA Scout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nozomi_(spacecraft)" title="Nozomi (spacecraft)">Nozomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_4" title="Pioneer 4">Pioneer 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_5" title="Ranger 5">Ranger 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STEREO" title="STEREO">STEREO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transiting_Exoplanet_Survey_Satellite" title="Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite">TESS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilkinson_Microwave_Anisotropy_Probe" title="Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe">WMAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_(spacecraft)" title="Wind (spacecraft)">Wind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_3" title="Zond 3">Zond 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_5" title="Zond 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_6" title="Zond 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_7" title="Zond 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_8" title="Zond 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAS-22" title="PAS-22">PAS-22</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Planned<br />missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Artemis_program" title="Artemis program">Artemis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Artemis_II" title="Artemis II">Artemis II</a></i> (2025)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Gateway" title="Lunar Gateway">Lunar Gateway</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Artemis_III" title="Artemis III">Artemis III</a></i> (2026)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Artemis_IV" title="Artemis IV">Artemis IV</a></i> (2028)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Artemis_V" title="Artemis V">Artemis V</a></i> (2030)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Artemis_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Artemis VI">Artemis VI</a></i> (2031)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Artemis_VII" class="mw-redirect" title="Artemis VII">Artemis VII</a></i> (2032)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Artemis_VIII" class="mw-redirect" title="Artemis VIII">Artemis VIII</a></i> (2033)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Commercial Lunar Payload Services">CLPS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Firefly_Aerospace_Blue_Ghost" title="Firefly Aerospace Blue Ghost">Firefly Aerospace Blue Ghost</a> (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IM-2" title="IM-2">IM-2</a> (2025) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Trailblazer" title="Lunar Trailblazer">Lunar Trailblazer</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Luna-Glob" title="Luna-Glob">Luna-Glob</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luna_26" title="Luna 26">Luna 26</a> (2027)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_27" title="Luna 27">Luna 27</a> (2028)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_28" title="Luna 28">Luna 28</a> (2030)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luna_29&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luna 29 (page does not exist)">Luna 29</a> (2030s)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luna_30&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luna 30 (page does not exist)">Luna 30</a> (2030s)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luna_31&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luna 31 (page does not exist)">Luna 31</a> (2030s)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Lunar_Exploration_Program" title="Chinese Lunar Exploration Program">CLEP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_7" title="Chang'e 7">Chang'e 7</a> (2026)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_8" title="Chang'e 8">Chang'e 8</a> (2028)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan_programme" title="Chandrayaan programme">Chandrayaan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-4" title="Chandrayaan-4">Chandrayaan-4</a> (2027)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Polar_Exploration_Mission" title="Lunar Polar Exploration Mission">Chandrayaan-5 (LUPEX)</a> (2028)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hakuto-R_Mission_2" title="Hakuto-R Mission 2">Hakuto-R M2</a> (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beresheet_2" title="Beresheet 2">Beresheet 2</a> (2025)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ispace_(Japanese_company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ispace (Japanese company)">ispace M3</a> (2026)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Pathfinder" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunar Pathfinder">Lunar Pathfinder</a> (2026)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DESTINY%2B" title="DESTINY+">DESTINY<sup>+</sup></a> (2028)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cislunar_Explorers" title="Cislunar Explorers">Cislunar Explorers</a> (2020s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_Escape_Explorer" title="Earth Escape Explorer">CU-E<sup>3</sup></a> (2020s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrobotic_Technology#Rovers" title="Astrobotic Technology">MoonRanger</a> (2020s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argonaut_(lunar_lander)" title="Argonaut (lunar lander)">Argonaut M1</a> (2031)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Lunar_Research_Station" title="International Lunar Research Station">International Lunar Research Station</a> (2030s)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Proposed<br />missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Robotic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_Transportation_Systems" title="Planetary Transportation Systems">ALINA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draper_Laboratory#Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Draper Laboratory">Artemis-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Moon_(spacecraft)" title="Blue Moon (spacecraft)">Blue Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BOLAS_(spacecraft)" title="BOLAS (spacecraft)">BOLAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garat%C3%A9a-L" title="Garatéa-L">Garatéa-L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISOCHRON_(spacecraft)" title="ISOCHRON (spacecraft)">ISOCHRON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LunaNet" title="LunaNet">LunaNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Crater_Radio_Telescope" title="Lunar Crater Radio Telescope">Lunar Crater Radio Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCandless_Lunar_Lander" title="McCandless Lunar Lander">McCandless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_Diver_(spacecraft)" title="Moon Diver (spacecraft)">Moon Diver</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Crewed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/DSE-Alpha" title="DSE-Alpha">DSE-Alpha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Boeing_Lunar_Lander" title="Boeing Lunar Lander">Boeing Lunar Lander</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_Lunar_Lander" title="Lockheed Martin Lunar Lander">Lockheed Martin Lunar Lander</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbital_Station" title="Lunar Orbital Station">Lunar Orbital Station</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Cancelled /<br />concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Altair_(spacecraft)" title="Altair (spacecraft)">Altair</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg_1" title="Baden-Württemberg 1">Baden-Württemberg 1</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/DearMoon_project" title="DearMoon project">#dearMoon project</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Lunar_Explorer" title="European Lunar Explorer">European Lunar Explorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Lunar_Outpost" title="First Lunar Outpost">First Lunar Outpost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Lunar_Network" title="International Lunar Network">International Lunar Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LEO_(spacecraft)" title="LEO (spacecraft)">LEO</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/LK_(spacecraft)" title="LK (spacecraft)">LK</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar-A" title="Lunar-A">Lunar-A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Lander_(spacecraft)" title="Lunar Lander (spacecraft)">Lunar Lander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Mission_One" title="Lunar Mission One">Lunar Mission One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_Observer_program" title="Planetary Observer program">Lunar Observer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunokhod_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunokhod 3">Lunokhod 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MoonLITE" title="MoonLITE">MoonLITE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MoonRise" title="MoonRise">MoonRise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OrbitBeyond" title="OrbitBeyond">OrbitBeyond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Harvest_Moon" title="Project Harvest Moon">Project Harvest Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prospector_(spacecraft)" title="Prospector (spacecraft)">Prospector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_Prospector_(rover)" class="mw-redirect" title="Resource Prospector (rover)">Resource Prospector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SELENE-2" title="SELENE-2">SELENE-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrselena" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrselena">Ukrselena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masten_Space_Systems#XL-1" title="Masten Space Systems">XL-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIPER_(rover)" title="VIPER (rover)">VIPER</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colonization_of_the_Moon" title="Colonization of the Moon">Colonization of the Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Lunar_X_Prize" title="Google Lunar X Prize">Google Lunar X Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lunar_probes" title="List of lunar probes">List of lunar probes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_the_Moon" title="List of missions to the Moon">List of missions to the Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_artificial_objects_on_the_Moon" title="List of artificial objects on the Moon">List of artificial objects on the Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_species_that_have_landed_on_the_Moon" title="List of species that have landed on the Moon">List of species that have landed on the Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_resources" title="Lunar resources">Lunar resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fe,_Fi,_Fo,_Fum,_and_Phooey" title="Fe, Fi, Fo, Fum, and Phooey">Apollo 17 Moon mice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_landing_conspiracy_theories" title="Moon landing conspiracy theories">Moon landing conspiracy theories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third-party_evidence_for_Apollo_Moon_landings" title="Third-party evidence for Apollo Moon landings">Third-party evidence for Apollo Moon landings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11_anniversaries" title="Apollo 11 anniversaries">Apollo 11 anniversaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_crewed_lunar_landers" title="List of crewed lunar landers">List of crewed lunar landers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><div> <ul><li>Missions are ordered by launch date. Crewed missions are in <i>italics</i>.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="←_1969Orbital_launches_in_19701971_→" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Orbital_launches_in_1970" title="Template:Orbital launches in 1970"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Orbital_launches_in_1970" title="Template talk:Orbital launches in 1970"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Orbital_launches_in_1970" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Orbital launches in 1970"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="←_1969Orbital_launches_in_19701971_→" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div style="float: left;"><a href="/wiki/1969_in_spaceflight" title="1969 in spaceflight">← 1969</a></div><a href="/wiki/1970_in_spaceflight" title="1970 in spaceflight"><span class="vevent"><span class="summary">Orbital launches in <span class="dtstart">1970</span></span></span></a><div style="float: right;"><a href="/wiki/1971_in_spaceflight" title="1971 in spaceflight">1971 →</a></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_318&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 318 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 318</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_6531&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 6531 (page does not exist)">OPS 6531</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelsat_III_F-6" title="Intelsat III F-6">Intelsat III F-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_319" title="Kosmos 319">Kosmos 319</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_320" title="Kosmos 320">Kosmos 320</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_321" title="Kosmos 321">Kosmos 321</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_322&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 322 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 322</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ITOS-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ITOS-1 (page does not exist)">ITOS-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australis-OSCAR_5" title="Australis-OSCAR 5">Australis-OSCAR 5</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=DS-P1-I_No.6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DS-P1-I No.6 (page does not exist)">DS-P1-I No.6</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SERT-2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SERT-2 (page does not exist)">SERT-2</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luna_E-8-5_No.405" class="mw-redirect" title="Luna E-8-5 No.405">E-8-5 No.405</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_323&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 323 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 323</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohsumi_(satellite)" title="Ohsumi (satellite)">Ohsumi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_0054&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 0054 (page does not exist)">OPS 0054</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molniya-1_No.17&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molniya-1 No.17 (page does not exist)">Molniya-1 No.17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_324" title="Kosmos 324">Kosmos 324</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_325&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 325 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 325</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_0440&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 0440 (page does not exist)">OPS 0440</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_3402&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 3402 (page does not exist)">OPS 3402</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wika (page does not exist)">Wika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mika_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mika (satellite) (page does not exist)">Mika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_326&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 326 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 326</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meteor_No.14&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meteor No.14 (page does not exist)">Meteor No.14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_327" title="Kosmos 327">Kosmos 327</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NATO_2A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NATO 2A (page does not exist)">NATO 2A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_328&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 328 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 328</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_329&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 329 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 329</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_330&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 330 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 330</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimbus_4" title="Nimbus 4">Nimbus 4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Topo-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Topo-1 (page does not exist)">Topo-1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_331&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 331 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 331</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_7033&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 7033 (page does not exist)">OPS 7033</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_7044&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 7044 (page does not exist)">OPS 7044</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_332&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 332 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 332</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Apollo_13" title="Apollo 13">Apollo 13</a></u></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_333&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 333 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 333</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_2863&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 2863 (page does not exist)">OPS 2863</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelsat_III_F-7" title="Intelsat III F-7">Intelsat III F-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_334" title="Kosmos 334">Kosmos 334</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dong_Fang_Hong_1" title="Dong Fang Hong 1">Dong Fang Hong 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_335" title="Kosmos 335">Kosmos 335</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_336&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 336 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 336</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_337&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 337 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 337</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_338&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 338 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 338</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_339&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 339 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 339</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_340&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 340 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 340</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_341&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 341 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 341</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_342&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 342 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 342</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_343&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 343 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 343</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meteor_No.13&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meteor No.13 (page does not exist)">Meteor No.13</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_344&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 344 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 344</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_345&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 345 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 345</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_4720&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 4720 (page does not exist)">OPS 4720</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_8520&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 8520 (page does not exist)">OPS 8520</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=DS-P1-Yu_No.36&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DS-P1-Yu No.36 (page does not exist)">DS-P1-Yu No.36</a></i></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_9" title="Soyuz 9">Soyuz 9</a></u></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_346&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 346 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 346</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Satellite_Test_Vehicle_3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Satellite Test Vehicle 3 (page does not exist)">STV-3</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_347" title="Kosmos 347">Kosmos 347</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_348" title="Kosmos 348">Kosmos 348</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_349&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 349 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 349</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_5346&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 5346 (page does not exist)">OPS 5346</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meteor-M_No.17&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meteor-M No.17 (page does not exist)">Meteor-M No.17</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_6820&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 6820 (page does not exist)">OPS 6820</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molniya-1_No.21&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molniya-1 No.21 (page does not exist)">Molniya-1 No.21</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_350&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 350 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 350</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_351" title="Kosmos 351">Kosmos 351</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=June_1970_Kosmos-3M_launch_failure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="June 1970 Kosmos-3M launch failure (page does not exist)">Unnamed</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_352&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 352 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 352</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_353&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 353 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 353</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zenit-4_No.75&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zenit-4 No.75 (page does not exist)">Zenit-4 No.75</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_4324&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 4324 (page does not exist)">OPS 4324</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelsat_III_F-8" title="Intelsat III F-8">Intelsat III F-8</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_354&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 354 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 354</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interkosmos_3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Interkosmos 3 (page does not exist)">Interkosmos 3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_355&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 355 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 355</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_356" title="Kosmos 356">Kosmos 356</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venera_7" title="Venera 7">Venera 7</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_7874&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 7874 (page does not exist)">OPS 7874</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skynet_1B" class="mw-redirect" title="Skynet 1B">Skynet 1B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_357" title="Kosmos 357">Kosmos 357</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_358&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 358 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 358</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_359" title="Kosmos 359">Kosmos 359</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_359" title="Kosmos 359">Kosmos 359</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_8329&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 8329 (page does not exist)">OPS 8329</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transit_O-19&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transit O-19 (page does not exist)">Transit O-19</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_360&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 360 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 360</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_7329&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 7329 (page does not exist)">OPS 7329</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Orba_(satellite)" title="Orba (satellite)">Orba</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=R2_Instrument_Package&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="R2 Instrument Package (page does not exist)">X-2</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_0203&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 0203 (page does not exist)">OPS 0203</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_361&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 361 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 361</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Luna 16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_362" title="Kosmos 362">Kosmos 362</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_363&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 363 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 363</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_364&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 364 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 364</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=MS-F1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MS-F1 (page does not exist)">MS-F1</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_365&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 365 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 365</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molniya-1_No.19&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molniya-1 No.19 (page does not exist)">Molniya-1 No.19</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_366&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 366 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 366</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_367&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 367 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 367</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_368&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 368 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 368</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nauka_No.3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nauka No.3 (page does not exist)">Nauka No.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_369" title="Kosmos 369">Kosmos 369</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_370&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 370 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 370</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_371&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 371 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 371</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interkosmos_4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Interkosmos 4 (page does not exist)">Interkosmos 4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meteor-M_No.16&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meteor-M No.16 (page does not exist)">Meteor-M No.16</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_372&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 372 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 372</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_373&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 373 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 373</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_8" title="Zond 8">Zond 8</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_374&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 374 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 374</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_7568&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 7568 (page does not exist)">OPS 7568</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_375&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 375 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 375</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_376&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 376 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 376</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_5960&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 5960 (page does not exist)">OPS 5960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbiting_Frog_Otolith" title="Orbiting Frog Otolith">OFO</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RM-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RM-1 (page does not exist)">RM-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_17" title="Luna 17">Luna 17</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lunokhod_1" title="Lunokhod 1">Lunokhod 1</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_377&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 377 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 377</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_378" title="Kosmos 378">Kosmos 378</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_4992&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 4992 (page does not exist)">OPS 4992</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_6829&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 6829 (page does not exist)">OPS 6829</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_379" title="Kosmos 379">Kosmos 379</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_380" title="Kosmos 380">Kosmos 380</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molniya-1_No.23&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molniya-1 No.23 (page does not exist)">Molniya-1 No.23</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbiting_Astronomical_Observatory_B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orbiting Astronomical Observatory B (page does not exist)">OAO-B</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_381" title="Kosmos 381">Kosmos 381</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_382" title="Kosmos 382">Kosmos 382</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_383&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 383 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 383</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_384&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 384 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 384</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nauka_No.2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nauka No.2 (page does not exist)">Nauka No.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NOAA-1" title="NOAA-1">NOAA-1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cylindrical_Electrostatic_Probe_Experiment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cylindrical Electrostatic Probe Experiment (page does not exist)">CEPI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uhuru_(satellite)" title="Uhuru (satellite)">Uhuru</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_385&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 385 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 385</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peole (page does not exist)">Peole</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_386&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 386 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 386</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_387&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 387 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 387</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_388" title="Kosmos 388">Kosmos 388</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_389&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 389 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 389</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=DS-P1-M_No.1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DS-P1-M No.1 (page does not exist)">DS-P1-M No.1</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molniya-1_No.22&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molniya-1 No.22 (page does not exist)">Molniya-1 No.22</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Payloads are separated by bullets ( · ), launches by pipes ( | ). Crewed flights are indicated in <u>underline</u>. Uncatalogued launch failures are listed in <i>italics</i>. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are denoted in (brackets).</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Luna_16&oldid=1250640039">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Luna_16&oldid=1250640039</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Luna_programme" title="Category:Luna programme">Luna programme</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sample_return_missions" title="Category:Sample return missions">Sample return missions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Missions_to_the_Moon" title="Category:Missions to the Moon">Missions to the Moon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Soft_landings_on_the_Moon" title="Category:Soft landings on the Moon">Soft landings on the Moon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1970_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Category:1970 in the Soviet Union">1970 in the Soviet Union</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spacecraft_launched_in_1970" title="Category:Spacecraft launched in 1970">Spacecraft launched in 1970</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1970_on_the_Moon" title="Category:1970 on the Moon">1970 on the Moon</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_May_2020" title="Category:Use dmy dates from May 2020">Use dmy dates from May 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_not_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates not on Wikidata">Coordinates not on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 11 October 2024, at 16:23<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Luna_16&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-svl76","wgBackendResponseTime":172,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.629","walltime":"1.048","ppvisitednodes":{"value":3382,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":139520,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":8503,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":24,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":6,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":84621,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 832.761 1 -total"," 36.29% 302.184 8 Template:Infobox"," 28.20% 234.844 1 Template:Reflist"," 25.80% 214.856 1 Template:Infobox_spaceflight"," 18.52% 154.242 3 Template:Cite_book"," 13.58% 113.069 1 Template:Short_description"," 12.44% 103.574 2 Template:Navbox"," 11.11% 92.554 1 Template:Luna_programme"," 6.52% 54.281 6 Template:Main_other"," 6.15% 51.255 1 Template:SDcat"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.327","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":7797840,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-5dc468848-mbvlk","timestamp":"20241122140534","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Luna 16","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Luna_16","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q858293","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q858293","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-10-04T08:29:42Z","dateModified":"2024-10-11T16:23:36Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/b\/bb\/Luna_16.jpg","headline":"space probe"}</script> </body> </html>