CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="cs" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Měňavka – Wikipedie</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )cswikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"ČSN basic dt","wgMonthNames":["","leden","únor","březen","duben","květen","červen","červenec","srpen","září","říjen","listopad","prosinec"],"wgRequestId":"22deef47-c33e-43a6-9cd1-9c1af46f2392","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Měňavka","wgTitle":"Měňavka","wgCurRevisionId":23361933,"wgRevisionId":23361933,"wgArticleId":71880,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Monitoring:Stránky používající kouzelné odkazy ISBN","Údržba:Chybný parametr barva v taxoboxu","Monitoring:Taxobox – bez taxonomického zařazení na WD","Pahýly","Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem GND","Protozoologie","Amoebozoa"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"cs","wgPageContentLanguage":"cs","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Měňavka","wgRelevantArticleId":71880,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true, "wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"cs","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"cs"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":7000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q506524","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":true,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled": false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.gadget.OSMmapa","ext.gadget.direct-links-to-commons","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.courses","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init", "ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=cs&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=cs&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=cs&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Entamoeba_histolytica_binary_fission_2.jpg/1200px-Entamoeba_histolytica_binary_fission_2.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="998"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Entamoeba_histolytica_binary_fission_2.jpg/800px-Entamoeba_histolytica_binary_fission_2.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="665"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Entamoeba_histolytica_binary_fission_2.jpg/640px-Entamoeba_histolytica_binary_fission_2.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="532"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Měňavka – Wikipedie"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//cs.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%9B%C5%88avka"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Editovat" href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%9B%C5%88avka&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedie (cs)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//cs.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%9B%C5%88avka"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.cs"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Atom kanál Wikipedie." href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Posledn%C3%AD_zm%C4%9Bny&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Měňavka rootpage-Měňavka skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Přeskočit na obsah</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Projekt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Hlavní menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Hlavní menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Hlavní menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">přesunout do postranního panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">skrýt</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigace </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hlavn%C3%AD_strana" title="Navštívit Hlavní stranu [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Hlavní strana</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1pov%C4%9Bda:Obsah" title="Místo, kde najdete pomoc"><span>Nápověda</span></a></li><li id="n-helpdesk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedie:Pot%C5%99ebuji_pomoc" title="Pokud si nevíte rady, zeptejte se ostatních"><span>Potřebuji pomoc</span></a></li><li id="n-featuredcontent" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedie:Nejlep%C5%A1%C3%AD_%C4%8Dl%C3%A1nky" title="Přehled článků, které jsou považovány za nejlepší na české Wikipedii"><span>Nejlepší články</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:N%C3%A1hodn%C3%A1_str%C3%A1nka" title="Přejít na náhodně vybranou stránku [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Náhodný článek</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Posledn%C3%AD_zm%C4%9Bny" title="Seznam posledních změn na této wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Poslední změny</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedie:Port%C3%A1l_Wikipedie" title="O projektu, jak můžete pomoci, kde hledat"><span>Komunitní portál</span></a></li><li id="n-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedie:Pod_l%C3%ADpou" title="Hlavní diskusní fórum"><span>Pod lípou</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Hlavn%C3%AD_strana" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedie" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-cs.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.1875em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Wikipedie: Otevřená encyklopedie" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-cs.svg" width="118" height="13" style="width: 7.375em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Hled%C3%A1n%C3%AD" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Prohledat tuto wiki [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Hledání</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Hledat na Wikipedii" aria-label="Hledat na Wikipedii" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Prohledat tuto wiki [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Speciální:Hledání"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Hledat</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Osobní nástroje"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Vzhled"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Změnit vzhled velikosti písma, šířky stránky a barvy" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vzhled" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vzhled</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_cs.wikipedia.org&uselang=cs" class=""><span>Podpořte Wikipedii</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Vytvo%C5%99it_%C3%BA%C4%8Det&returnto=M%C4%9B%C5%88avka" title="Doporučujeme vytvořit si účet a přihlásit se, ovšem není to povinné" class=""><span>Vytvoření účtu</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:P%C5%99ihl%C3%A1sit&returnto=M%C4%9B%C5%88avka" title="Doporučujeme vám přihlásit se, ovšem není to povinné. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Přihlášení</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Další možnosti" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Osobní nástroje" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Osobní nástroje</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Uživatelské menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_cs.wikipedia.org&uselang=cs"><span>Podpořte Wikipedii</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Vytvo%C5%99it_%C3%BA%C4%8Det&returnto=M%C4%9B%C5%88avka" title="Doporučujeme vytvořit si účet a přihlásit se, ovšem není to povinné"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Vytvoření účtu</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:P%C5%99ihl%C3%A1sit&returnto=M%C4%9B%C5%88avka" title="Doporučujeme vám přihlásit se, ovšem není to povinné. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Přihlášení</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Stránky pro odhlášené editory <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1pov%C4%9Bda:%C3%9Avod" aria-label="Více informací o editování"><span>dozvědět se více</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Moje_p%C5%99%C3%ADsp%C4%9Bvky" title="Seznam editací provedených z této IP adresy [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Příspěvky</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Moje_diskuse" title="Diskuse o editacích provedených z této IP adresy [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskuse</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Projekt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Obsah" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Obsah</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">přesunout do postranního panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skrýt</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(úvod)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Střevní_améby_u_člověka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Střevní_améby_u_člověka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Střevní améby u člověka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Střevní_améby_u_člověka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Odkazy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Odkazy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Odkazy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Odkazy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Přepnout podsekci Odkazy</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Odkazy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Reference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Literatura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Související_články" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Související_články"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Související články</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Související_články-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externí_odkazy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externí_odkazy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Externí odkazy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externí_odkazy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Obsah" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Přepnout obsah" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Přepnout obsah</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Měňavka</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Přejděte k článku v jiném jazyce. Je dostupný v 33 jazycích" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33 jazyků</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9" title="أميبيات الحركة – arabština" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أميبيات الحركة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameboide" title="Ameboide – katalánština" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ameboide" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%95%D9%88%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%95_%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%95%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%DB%95_%DA%95%DB%95%DA%AF%DB%95%D9%BE%DB%8E%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="زیندەوەرە سەرەتاییە ڕەگەپێیەکان – kurdština (sorání)" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زیندەوەرە سەرەتاییە ڕەگەپێیەکان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdština (sorání)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%B6be" title="Amöbe – němčina" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Amöbe" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="němčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amoeba" title="Amoeba – angličtina" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Amoeba" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angličtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameboide" title="Ameboide – španělština" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ameboide" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španělština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juurjalgsed" title="Juurjalgsed – estonština" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Juurjalgsed" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A2%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="رفتار آمیبی – perština" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رفتار آمیبی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amibe" title="Amibe – francouzština" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Amibe" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francouzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameboide" title="Ameboide – galicijština" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ameboide" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amoeba" title="Amoeba – konkánština (Goa)" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="Amoeba" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="konkánština (Goa)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsutsa" title="Tsutsa – hauština" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Tsutsa" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hauština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE" title="अमीबा – hindština" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अमीबा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C5%91b%C3%A1k" title="Amőbák – maďarština" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Amőbák" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maďarština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sl%C3%ADmd%C3%BDr" title="Slímdýr – islandština" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Slímdýr" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%BC%E3%83%90" title="アメーバ – japonština" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アメーバ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="სარკოდინები – gruzínština" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სარკოდინები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BE" title="ಅಮೀಬಾ – kannadština" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅಮೀಬಾ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannadština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%A1%EC%A7%88%EC%B6%A9%EB%A5%98" title="육질충류 – korejština" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="육질충류" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameba" title="Ameba – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Ameba" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameboidai" title="Ameboidai – litevština" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ameboidai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litevština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amoebe" title="Amoebe – nizozemština" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Amoebe" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%B8be" title="Amøbe – norština (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Amøbe" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norština (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%B8be" title="Amøbe – norština (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Amøbe" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norština (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dubara%27a" title="Dubara'a – oromština" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Dubara'a" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameba_(biologia)" title="Ameba (biologia) – polština" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ameba (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameboide" title="Ameboide – portugalština" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ameboide" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="اميبا – sindhština" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="اميبا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiba" title="Amiba – svahilština" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Amiba" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahilština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="Амеби – ukrajinština" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Амеби" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="امیبا – urdština" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="امیبا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amip" title="Amip – vietnamština" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Amip" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%98%E5%BD%A2%E4%BD%93" title="变形体 – čínština" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="变形体" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="čínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q506524#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editovat mezijazykové odkazy" class="wbc-editpage">Upravit odkazy</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Jmenné prostory"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/M%C4%9B%C5%88avka" title="Zobrazit obsahovou stránku [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Článek</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskuse:M%C4%9B%C5%88avka" rel="discussion" title="Diskuse ke stránce [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskuse</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Změnit variantu jazyka" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">čeština</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Zobrazení"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/M%C4%9B%C5%88avka"><span>Číst</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%9B%C5%88avka&veaction=edit" title="Editovat tuto stránku [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editovat</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%9B%C5%88avka&action=edit" title="Editovat zdrojový kód této stránky [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editovat zdroj</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%9B%C5%88avka&action=history" title="Starší verze této stránky. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Zobrazit historii</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Nástroje ke stránce"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Nástroje" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Nástroje</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Nástroje</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">přesunout do postranního panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skrýt</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Další možnosti" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Akce </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/M%C4%9B%C5%88avka"><span>Číst</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%9B%C5%88avka&veaction=edit" title="Editovat tuto stránku [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editovat</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%9B%C5%88avka&action=edit" title="Editovat zdrojový kód této stránky [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editovat zdroj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%9B%C5%88avka&action=history"><span>Zobrazit historii</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Obecné </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Co_odkazuje_na/M%C4%9B%C5%88avka" title="Seznam všech wikistránek, které sem odkazují [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Odkazuje sem</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Souvisej%C3%ADc%C3%AD_zm%C4%9Bny/M%C4%9B%C5%88avka" rel="nofollow" title="Nedávné změny stránek, na které je odkazováno [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Související změny</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=cs" title="Nahrát obrázky či jiná multimédia [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Načíst soubor</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_str%C3%A1nky" title="Seznam všech speciálních stránek [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Speciální stránky</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%9B%C5%88avka&oldid=23361933" title="Trvalý odkaz na současnou verzi této stránky"><span>Trvalý odkaz</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%9B%C5%88avka&action=info" title="Více informací o této stránce"><span>Informace o stránce</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Citovat&page=M%C4%9B%C5%88avka&id=23361933&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informace o tom, jak citovat tuto stránku"><span>Citovat stránku</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcs.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FM%25C4%259B%25C5%2588avka"><span>Získat zkrácené URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcs.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FM%25C4%259B%25C5%2588avka"><span>Stáhnout QR kód</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tisk/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Kniha&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=M%C4%9B%C5%88avka"><span>Vytvořit knihu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:DownloadAsPdf&page=M%C4%9B%C5%88avka&action=show-download-screen"><span>Stáhnout jako PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%9B%C5%88avka&printable=yes" title="Tato stránka v podobě vhodné k tisku [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Verze k tisku</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Na jiných projektech </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Amoeba" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibooks mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikibooks.org/wiki/M%C4%9B%C5%88avky" hreflang="cs"><span>Wikiknihy</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q506524" title="Odkaz na propojenou položku datového úložiště [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Položka Wikidat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Nástroje ke stránce"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Vzhled"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Vzhled</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">přesunout do postranního panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skrýt</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Z Wikipedie, otevřené encyklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="cs" dir="ltr"><div class="uvodni-upozorneni hatnote noprint">Další významy jsou uvedeny na stránce <a href="/wiki/M%C4%9B%C5%88avka_(rozcestn%C3%ADk)" class="mw-disambig" title="Měňavka (rozcestník)">Měňavka (rozcestník)</a>.</div><table class="infobox" style="width:22em;width:277.2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background-color:lightgray; line-height: 25px;"><sup style="float:right"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedie:Jak_%C4%8D%C3%ADst_taxobox" title="Jak číst taxobox"><img alt="Jak číst taxobox" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Information-silk.svg/18px-Information-silk.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Information-silk.svg/27px-Information-silk.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Information-silk.svg/36px-Information-silk.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></sup>Měňavky</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Entamoeba_histolytica_binary_fission_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="měňavka úplavčitá"><img alt="alternativní popis obrázku chybí" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Entamoeba_histolytica_binary_fission_2.jpg/270px-Entamoeba_histolytica_binary_fission_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Entamoeba_histolytica_binary_fission_2.jpg/405px-Entamoeba_histolytica_binary_fission_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Entamoeba_histolytica_binary_fission_2.jpg/540px-Entamoeba_histolytica_binary_fission_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1472" data-file-height="1224" /></a></span><div>měňavka úplavčitá</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:lightgray;"><a href="/wiki/Biologick%C3%A1_klasifikace" title="Biologická klasifikace">Vědecká klasifikace</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Dom%C3%A9na_(biologie)" title="Doména (biologie)">Doména</a></th><td>eukaryota<br /><span style="font-size:95%;"></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%C5%98%C3%AD%C5%A1e_(biologie)" title="Říše (biologie)">Říše</a></th><td>měňavkovci (Amoebozoa)<br /><span style="font-size:95%;"></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Kmen_(biologie)" title="Kmen (biologie)">Kmen</a></th><td>panoženky (Archamoebae)<br /><span style="font-size:95%;"></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/T%C5%99%C3%ADda_(biologie)" title="Třída (biologie)">Třída</a></th><td>Entamoebea<br /><span style="font-size:95%;"></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cele%C4%8F" title="Čeleď">Čeleď</a></th><td>Entamoebidae<br /><span style="font-size:95%;"></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Rod_(biologie)" title="Rod (biologie)">Rod</a></th><td>měňavka (Entamoeba)<br /><span style="font-size:95%;"></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size: smaller;">Některá data mohou pocházet z <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506524" class="extiw" title="d:Q506524">datové položky</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Měňavka</b> (též <b>améba</b>) je obecné pojmenování jednobuněčného <a href="/wiki/Heterotrofie" title="Heterotrofie">heterotrofního</a> živočicha, který se pohybuje pomocí <a href="/wiki/Pano%C5%BEka_(am%C3%A9ba)" title="Panožka (améba)">panožek</a>. </p><p>Název měňavky dostaly podle schopnosti měnit tvar při měňavkovitém (améboidním) <a href="/wiki/Pohyb" class="mw-disambig" title="Pohyb">pohybu</a>. Pohyb měňavek se uskutečňuje eruptivním vysouváním panožek, pseudopodií. Za vysunutými panožkami (vychlípeniny buňky) přitahují ostatní tělo. </p><p>Panožky slouží rovněž k přijímání potravy formou <a href="/wiki/Fagocyt%C3%B3za" title="Fagocytóza">fagocytózy</a>. Měňavka panožkami obejme bakterii, drobného prvoka nebo řasu, uzavře ho ve svém jednobuněčném těle, zahubí a stráví.<sup id="cite_ref-prof._1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prof.-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Měňavky obývají především bahnité <a href="/wiki/Voda" title="Voda">vody</a> a vlhkou <a href="/wiki/P%C5%AFda" title="Půda">půdu</a>. Některé měňavky jsou <a href="/wiki/Symbi%C3%B3za" title="Symbióza">symbionty</a> či <a href="/wiki/Parazitizmus" class="mw-redirect" title="Parazitizmus">parazity</a> v těle živočichů, příp. člověka.<sup id="cite_ref-prof._1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prof.-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Například <a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%9B%C5%88avka_%C3%BAstn%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Měňavka ústní (stránka neexistuje)">měňavka ústní</a> (<i>Entamoeba gingivalis</i>), první popsaná améba v lidském organismu, je <a href="/wiki/Komenz%C3%A1lismus" title="Komenzálismus">komenzálem</a> žijícím v dutině ústní. U lidí se zdravými dásněmi se vyskytuje zřídka, žije v parodontálních kapsách a vyskytuje se u 95 % lidí s onemocněním dásní. </p><p>Jednou z nejznámějších je <a href="/wiki/M%C4%9B%C5%88avka_velk%C3%A1" title="Měňavka velká">měňavka velká</a> (<i>Amoeba proteus</i>, též <i>Chaos Chaos</i>), která dosahuje velikosti až 1 mm. Velké mnohojaderné <a href="/wiki/Plazmodium" title="Plazmodium">plazmodium</a> vytváří <a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%9B%C5%88avka_bahenn%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Měňavka bahenní (stránka neexistuje)">měňavka bahenní</a> (<i>Pelomyxa palustris</i>), která měří až 4 mm<sup id="cite_ref-prof._1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prof.-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a žije v zahnívajících vodách. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Gromia-field_wInset.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Gromia-field_wInset.jpg/220px-Gromia-field_wInset.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Gromia-field_wInset.jpg/330px-Gromia-field_wInset.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Gromia-field_wInset.jpg/440px-Gromia-field_wInset.jpg 2x" data-file-width="643" data-file-height="524" /></a><figcaption>Množství jedinců <i>Gromia sphaerica</i> (ke srovnání velikosti 10cm kreveta)</figcaption></figure> <p>V roce 2007 objevil vědecký tým na mořském dně v hloubce 750–780 m na <a href="/wiki/Bahamy" title="Bahamy">Bahamách</a> poblíž ostrova Little San Salvador slizové stopy, které považoval za stopu nepopsaného druhu plže. Množství živočichů propojených až 50 cm dlouhými stopami připomínalo hrozen révy s kuličkami o průměru čtyř centimetrů. Při laboratorním zkoumání se však zjistilo, že živočich není plžem, ale amébou <i>Gromia sphaerica</i>, druhem známým výhradně z <a href="/wiki/Arabsk%C3%A9_mo%C5%99e" title="Arabské moře">Arabského moře</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Améby rodu <i>Gromia</i> jsou hojně rozšířené v moři i ve sladkých vodách, ovšem hloubka, v níž byla améba nalezena, a její velikost biology překvapily.<sup id="cite_ref-prof._1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prof.-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Střevní_améby_u_člověka"><span id="St.C5.99evn.C3.AD_am.C3.A9by_u_.C4.8Dlov.C4.9Bka"></span>Střevní améby u člověka</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%9B%C5%88avka&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editace sekce: Střevní améby u člověka" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%9B%C5%88avka&action=edit&section=1" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Střevní améby u člověka"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Endolimax nana</i> (Wenyon & O'Connor, 1917) je kosmopolitní střevní améba; vyskytuje se také u primátů a prasat. Obvykle je popisována jako neškodný <a href="/wiki/Komenz%C3%A1lismus" title="Komenzálismus">komenzál</a>, ale její výskyt je dáván stále častěji do souvislosti s trávicími obtížemi.<sup id="cite_ref-Fors_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fors-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Entamoeba coli</i> (Grassi, 1879) <a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%9B%C5%88avka_st%C5%99evn%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Měňavka střevní (stránka neexistuje)">měňavka střevní</a> je nalézána relativně často. Zpravidla je považována za neškodného komenzála, ale v literatuře jsou popsány kazuistiky, které uvádějí ústup kolitidy po vyléčení <i>E. coli</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fors_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fors-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Entamoeba dispar</i> (E. Brumpt, 1925)</li> <li><i>Entamoeba hartmanni</i> (Prowazek, 1912)</li> <li><i>Entamoeba histolytica</i> (Schaudinn, 1903) <a href="/wiki/M%C4%9B%C5%88avka_%C3%BAplavi%C4%8Dn%C3%A1" title="Měňavka úplavičná">měňavka úplavičná</a>; kosmopolitně rozšířená améba je jedním z nejrozšířenějších lidských parazitů, především v zemích s vlhkým klimatem a nedostatečnou hygienou (Indie, Vietnam, Mexiko, Egypt). Napadá střevní tkáň a způsobuje <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Aplavice" title="Úplavice">úplavici</a>. Živiny získává tak, že vyloučí trávicí <a href="/wiki/Enzym" title="Enzym">enzymy</a>, rozruší a natráví buňky výstelky střeva a natrávené je pohlcuje. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trofozoit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trofozoit (stránka neexistuje)">Trofozoit</a> měří 10–40 µm.</li> <li><i>Entamoeba polecki</i> (Prowazek, 1912) se vyskytuje primárně u prasat a opic; u lidí byla považována za nepatogenní, ale bylo prokázáno, že způsobuje infekci.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Iodamoeba buetschlii</i> (Prowazek, 1912) je zatím považována za nepatogenní;<sup id="cite_ref-Fors_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fors-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (vědecké synonymum <i>Jodamoeba buetschlii</i>; psána někde <i>Iodamoeba bűtschlii</i>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Odkazy">Odkazy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%9B%C5%88avka&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editace sekce: Odkazy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%9B%C5%88avka&action=edit&section=2" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Odkazy"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reference">Reference</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%9B%C5%88avka&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editace sekce: Reference" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%9B%C5%88avka&action=edit&section=3" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Reference"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-prof.-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-prof._1-0"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-prof._1-1"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-prof._1-2"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">c</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-prof._1-3"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">d</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">PATOČKA, Jiří. Obří améba. <i>Vesmír.</i> 2009, roč. 88, č. 3, s. 146. Dostupné také z: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://vesmir.cz/cz/casopis/archiv-casopisu/2009/cislo-3/obri-ameba.html">https://vesmir.cz/cz/casopis/archiv-casopisu/2009/cislo-3/obri-ameba.html</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">MATZ, Mikhail V.; FRANK, Tamara M.; MARSHALL, Justin; WIDDER, Edith A. and JOHNSEN, Sönke. Giant deep-sea protist produces bilaterian-like traces. <i>Current Biology.</i> 2008, vol. 18, iss. 23, s. 1849–1854. Dostupné také z: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.cell.com/current-biology/pdf/S0960-9822(08)01397-3.pdf">https://www.cell.com/current-biology/pdf/S0960-9822(08)01397-3.pdf</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fors-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Fors_3-0"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fors_3-1"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fors_3-2"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">c</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">FÖRSTL, Miroslav a kol. <i>Praktický atlas lékařské parazitologie.</i> 1. vyd. Hradec Králové: Nucleus HK, 2003. 133 s. <a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Zdroje_knih/8086225380" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 80-86225-38-0</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">GAY, Douglas J.; ABELL, Thomas L.; THOMPSON, John H. Jr & LOTH, Vacchira. Entamoeba polecki infection in Southeast Asian refugees: multiple cases of a rarely reported parasite. <i>Mayo Clinic proceedings.</i> 1985, vol. 60, iss. 8, s. 523–530. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/s0025-6196(12)60569-2">https://doi.org/10.1016/s0025-6196(12)60569-2</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literatura">Literatura</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%9B%C5%88avka&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editace sekce: Literatura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%9B%C5%88avka&action=edit&section=4" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Literatura"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Entamoeba histolytica. In: <i>Wikiskripta</i> [online]. 10. 11. 2018 [cit. 8. 11. 2023]. Dostupné z: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.wikiskripta.eu/w/Entamoeba_histolytica">https://www.wikiskripta.eu/w/Entamoeba_histolytica</a></li> <li>FÖRSTL, Miroslav a kol. <i>Praktický atlas lékařské parazitologie.</i> 1. vyd. Hradec Králové: Nucleus HK, 2003. 133 s. <a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Zdroje_knih/8086225380" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 80-86225-38-0</a>.</li> <li>GUTIÉRREZ, Gabriel; CHISTYAKOVA, Ludmila V.; VILLALOBO, Eduardo; KOSTYGOV, Alexei Y. & FROLOV, Alexander O. Identification of Pelomyxa palustris Endosymbionts. <i>Protist.</i> 2017, vol. 168, iss. 4, s. 408–424. Dostupné z: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.protis.2017.06.001">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.protis.2017.06.001</a></li> <li>HAMPLOVÁ, Lidmila. <i>Mikrobiologie, imunologie, epidemiologie, hygiena pro bakalářské studium a všechny typy zdravotnických škol.</i> 3., aktualiz. vyd. Praha: Stanislav Juhaňák – Triton, 2022. 281 s. <a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Zdroje_knih/9788076841222" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-80-7684-122-2</a>.</li> <li>HURYCH, Jakub et al. <i>Lékařská mikrobiologie: repetitorium.</i> 1. vyd. Praha: Stanislav Juhaňák – Triton, 2020. 621 s. <a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Zdroje_knih/9788075538444" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-80-7553-844-4</a>.</li> <li>KOLÁŘOVÁ, Libuše et al. <i>Obecná a klinická mikrobiologie.</i> Praha: Galén, ©2020. xxiv, 441 s. <a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Zdroje_knih/9788074924774" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-80-7492-477-4</a>.</li> <li>MATZ, Mikhail V.; FRANK, Tamara M.; MARSHALL, Justin; WIDDER, Edith A. and JOHNSEN, Sönke. Giant deep-sea protist produces bilaterian-like traces. <i>Current Biology.</i> 2008, vol. 18, iss. 23, s. 1849–1854. 61 lit. DOI 10.1016/j.cub.2008.10.028. Dostupné také z: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.cell.com/current-biology/pdf/S0960-9822(08)01397-3.pdf">https://www.cell.com/current-biology/pdf/S0960-9822(08)01397-3.pdf</a></li> <li>PATOČKA, Jiří. Obří améba. <i>Vesmír.</i> 2009, roč. 88, č. 3, s. 146. ISSN 0042-4544. Dostupné také z: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://vesmir.cz/cz/casopis/archiv-casopisu/2009/cislo-3/obri-ameba.html">https://vesmir.cz/cz/casopis/archiv-casopisu/2009/cislo-3/obri-ameba.html</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Související_články"><span id="Souvisej.C3.ADc.C3.AD_.C4.8Dl.C3.A1nky"></span>Související články</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%9B%C5%88avka&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editace sekce: Související články" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%9B%C5%88avka&action=edit&section=5" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Související články"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%99enono%C5%BEci" title="Kořenonožci">Kořenonožci</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Externí_odkazy"><span id="Extern.C3.AD_odkazy"></span>Externí odkazy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%9B%C5%88avka&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Editace sekce: Externí odkazy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%9B%C5%88avka&action=edit&section=6" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Externí odkazy"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/cz/taxon/id166465/">měňavka střevní – BioLib.cz</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/cz/taxon/id222912/"><i>Endolimax nana</i> – BioLib.cz</a></li> <li><span class="sisterproject sisterproject-wiktionary"><span class="sisterproject_image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="411" data-file-height="411" /></span></span></span> <span class="sisterproject_text"><span class="sisterproject_text_prefix">Slovníkové heslo </span><span class="sisterproject_text_target"><a href="https://cs.wiktionary.org/wiki/am%C3%A9ba" class="extiw" title="wikt:améba">améba</a></span><span class="sisterproject_text_suffix"> ve Wikislovníku</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="sisterproject sisterproject-wiktionary"><span class="sisterproject_image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="411" data-file-height="411" /></span></span></span> <span class="sisterproject_text"><span class="sisterproject_text_prefix">Slovníkové heslo </span><span class="sisterproject_text_target"><a href="https://cs.wiktionary.org/wiki/m%C4%9B%C5%88avka" class="extiw" title="wikt:měňavka">měňavka</a></span><span class="sisterproject_text_suffix"> ve Wikislovníku</span></span></span></li></ul> <table class="plainlinks metadata noprint pahyl" cellpadding="2" style="background: transparent;"> <tbody><tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Wiki_letter_w.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pahýl"><img alt="Pahýl" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/60px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/80px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="44" /></a><figcaption>Pahýl</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><i>Tento článek je příliš stručný nebo <a href="/wiki/Wikipedie:Pah%C3%BDl" title="Wikipedie:Pahýl">postrádá důležité informace</a>.<br />Pomozte Wikipedii tím, že jej vhodně <a class="external text" href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M%C4%9B%C5%88avka&action=edit">rozšíříte</a>. Nevkládejte však <a href="/wiki/Wikipedie:Autorsk%C3%A9_pr%C3%A1vo#Publikování_cizích_autorských_děl" title="Wikipedie:Autorské právo">bez oprávnění</a> cizí texty.</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23078045">.mw-parser-output .navbox2{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox2 .navbox2{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox2+.navbox2{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox2-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox2-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox2-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox2-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox2-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output th.navbox2-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox2,.mw-parser-output .navbox2-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox2-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox2-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox2-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox2-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox2-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox2 th,.mw-parser-output .navbox2-title{background-color:#e0e0e0}.mw-parser-output .navbox2-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output th.navbox2-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox2-subgroup .navbox2-title{background-color:#e7e7e7}.mw-parser-output .navbox2-subgroup .navbox2-title{font-size:88%}.mw-parser-output .navbox2-subgroup .navbox2-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox2-subgroup .navbox2-abovebelow{background-color:#f0f0f0}.mw-parser-output .navbox2-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox2-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox2 .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox2 .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox2 .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox2 td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox2 td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox2 td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}</style><div role="navigation" class="navbox2" aria-labelledby="Autoritní_data_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Editovat_na_Wikidatech_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506524#identifiers&#124;Editovat_na_Wikidatech" style="padding:2px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox2-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Autoritní_data_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Editovat_na_Wikidatech_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506524#identifiers&#124;Editovat_na_Wikidatech" scope="row" class="navbox2-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autoritn%C3%AD_kontrola" title="Autoritní kontrola">Autoritní data</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506524#identifiers" title="Editovat na Wikidatech"><img alt="Editovat na Wikidatech" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox2-list navbox2-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4142236-3">4142236-3</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16915398">.mw-parser-output div/**/#portallinks a{font-weight:bold}</style><div id="portallinks" class="catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:Obsah" title="Portál:Obsah">Portály</a>: <a href="/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:Biologie" title="Portál:Biologie">Biologie</a> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Citováno z „<a dir="ltr" href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Měňavka&oldid=23361933">https://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Měňavka&oldid=23361933</a>“</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1pov%C4%9Bda:Kategorie" title="Nápověda:Kategorie">Kategorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Protozoologie" title="Kategorie:Protozoologie">Protozoologie</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Amoebozoa" title="Kategorie:Amoebozoa">Amoebozoa</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Skryté kategorie: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Monitoring:Str%C3%A1nky_pou%C5%BE%C3%ADvaj%C3%ADc%C3%AD_kouzeln%C3%A9_odkazy_ISBN" title="Kategorie:Monitoring:Stránky používající kouzelné odkazy ISBN">Monitoring:Stránky používající kouzelné odkazy ISBN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:%C3%9Adr%C5%BEba:Chybn%C3%BD_parametr_barva_v_taxoboxu" title="Kategorie:Údržba:Chybný parametr barva v taxoboxu">Údržba:Chybný parametr barva v taxoboxu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Monitoring:Taxobox_%E2%80%93_bez_taxonomick%C3%A9ho_za%C5%99azen%C3%AD_na_WD" title="Kategorie:Monitoring:Taxobox – bez taxonomického zařazení na WD">Monitoring:Taxobox – bez taxonomického zařazení na WD</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Pah%C3%BDly" title="Kategorie:Pahýly">Pahýly</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Monitoring:%C4%8Cl%C3%A1nky_s_identifik%C3%A1torem_GND" title="Kategorie:Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem GND">Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem GND</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Stránka byla naposledy editována 8. 11. 2023 v 23:41.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text je dostupný pod <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.cs">licencí Creative Commons Uveďte původ – Zachovejte licenci</a>, případně za dalších podmínek. Podrobnosti naleznete na stránce <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Terms_of_Use/cs">Podmínky užití</a>.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Ochrana osobních údajů</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedie">O Wikipedii</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedie:Vylou%C4%8Den%C3%AD_odpov%C4%9Bdnosti">Vyloučení odpovědnosti</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedie:Kontakt">Kontaktujte Wikipedii</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Kodex chování</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Vývojáři</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/cs.wikipedia.org">Statistiky</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Prohlášení o cookies</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//cs.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M%C4%9B%C5%88avka&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobilní verze</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-qlbh6","wgBackendResponseTime":121,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.256","walltime":"0.425","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1516,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":12898,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":1125,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":20,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":1,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":6132,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 281.813 1 -total"," 65.23% 183.825 1 Šablona:Taxobox"," 52.54% 148.072 1 Šablona:Infobox"," 20.70% 58.344 1 Šablona:Autoritní_data"," 17.42% 49.081 1 Šablona:WD_štítek"," 9.34% 26.310 2 Šablona:Obrázek_z_WD"," 6.75% 19.030 1 Šablona:Taxonbar/kandidát"," 4.34% 12.221 2 Šablona:Wikislovník"," 3.66% 10.302 4 Šablona:První_neprázdný"," 3.28% 9.243 1 Šablona:Název_bez_rozlišovače"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.091","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":2069001,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-7979864856-98nrp","timestamp":"20241128214415","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"M\u011b\u0148avka","url":"https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/M%C4%9B%C5%88avka","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q506524","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q506524","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"P\u0159isp\u011bvatel\u00e9 projekt\u016f Wikimedia"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"nadace Wikimedia","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2006-03-06T14:44:50Z","dateModified":"2023-11-08T22:41:38Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/3\/3b\/Entamoeba_histolytica_binary_fission_2.jpg"}</script> </body> </html>