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She was a generous benefactress who invested her wealth in churches and hostels and commissioned religious sculptures. Due to legends which first appeared in the 17th century, she has since developed a reputation as a successful [[alchemist]]. Like her husband, Perenelle has had a street in Paris, France named after her, Rue Pernelle. == Life == There are few confirmed details about Perenelle's place of birth and early life. Perenelle married Nicolas in 1368. She had two previous husbands and brought their fortune to the marriage. The couple remained childless.<ref name=Dixon1994,xvi>{{cite book|last=Dixon|first=Laurinda|title=Nicolas Flamel. His Exposition of the Hieroglyphicall Figures (1624)|year=1994|publisher=Garland Publishing|page=xvi}}</ref> She and her husband were devout Roman Catholics. The couple contributed to the church by commissioning several sculptures. Nicolas continued this practice after his wife's death.<ref name=Dixon1994,xvi>{{cite book|last=Dixon|first=Laurinda|title=Nicolas Flamel. His Exposition of the Hieroglyphicall Figures (1624)|year=1994|publisher=Garland Publishing|page=xvi}}</ref> The couple is depicted on the portal of the Chapel of St. James of the Boucherie praying at the feet of St. John, a sculpture which they financed in 1389. They owned several properties and contributed to the building of poor houses. The spelling of her name varies and is sometimes given as Perrenelle, Petronelle or Pernelle. There is no historical record indicating that she or her husband were the successful alchemists of later legend. == Death == Perenelle died in 1397. She left her husband a sum of 5,300 [[Livre tournois|Tours pounds]]. This sum was then contested in court by her sister and brother-in-law. The sister won the amounts left to Flamel.<ref name=Dixon1994,xvii>{{cite book|last=Dixon|first=Laurinda|title=Nicolas Flamel. His Exposition of the Hieroglyphicall Figures (1624)|year=1994|publisher=Garland Publishing|page=xvii}}</ref> == Reputation as an alchemist == {{further|Nicolas Flamel}} [[File:Flamel Perenelle.png|thumb|upright=1.2|Woodcut from the ''Booke of Hieroglyphicall Figures'', given as a representation of Nicolas and Perenelle Flamel]] Perenelle's reputation as an alchemist stems from a book written in 1612, allegedly authored by her husband. However, Nicolas' reputation as an author and immortal alchemical adept is an invention of the 17th century.<ref name=Dixon1994,xvii>{{cite book|last=Dixon|first=Laurinda|title=Nicolas Flamel. His Exposition of the Hieroglyphicall Figures (1624)|year=1994|publisher=Garland Publishing|page=xvii}}</ref> Perenelle figures prominently in the introduction of this ''Booke of Hieroglyphicall Figures'', where the character of Nicolas outlines his quest for the [[philosopher's stone]]. In this story, Perenelle witnesses [[Projection (alchemy)|alchemical projections]] and aids in [[chrysopoeia]] (gold-making).<ref name=Dixon1994,14>{{cite book|last=Dixon|first=Laurinda|title=Nicolas Flamel. His Exposition of the Hieroglyphicall Figures (1624)|year=1994|publisher=Garland Publishing|page=14}}</ref> == Perenelle in fiction == {{Further|Alchemy in art and entertainment}} Perenelle's posthumous reputation as an alchemist has led to her portrayal in fantasy fiction alongside her husband. * She is mentioned briefly in ''[[Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone]]'' by [[J. K. Rowling]], though neither she nor her husband actually appears. * Perenelle and Nicolas Flamel are central characters in ''[[The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel]]'', a series of six fantasy novels written by [[Michael Scott (Irish author)|Michael Scott]].{{citation needed|date=December 2015}} * [[Stephen Leigh]] took the mystery surrounding the Flamels and wrote ''Immortal Muse''.{{citation needed|date=December 2015}} * She appears as a character in a crossover story between Will Eisner's ''[[Spirit (comics character)|The Spirit]]'' and Chester Gould's ''[[Dick Tracy]]'' in the long-running Dick Tracy comic strip. * In several entries in the ''[[Puella Magi Madoka Magica]]'' Anime franchise, Perenelle appears as a rare example of an adult Puella Magi. Her most prominent appearance is in the Manga spin-off ''Puella Magi Tart Magica'', which is set during the [[Hundred Years' War]]. * Perenelle appears as a main character in the vampire/comedy film, ''The Old Blood: Flamel's Legacy'' in which she uses a tincture of Philosopher's Stone to artificially sustain a group of vampires. * In ''[[Harry Potter and the Methods of Rationality]]'' by [[Eliezer Yudkowsky]], Nicolas Flamel is simply a disguise of Perenelle's that she creates using the Philosopher's Stone. == References == {{reflist}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Flamel, Perenelle}} [[Category:French alchemists]] [[Category:1397 deaths]] [[Category:Year of birth unknown]] [[Category:14th-century alchemists]] [[Category:14th-century French women]] [[Category:French philanthropists]] [[Category:French women philanthropists]] [[Category:French patrons of the arts]] [[Category:1320 births]] </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"><div class="mw-templatesUsedExplanation"><p><span 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