CINXE.COM
Just a moment...
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '914a4524ab3a6bf4',cH: '3lC8B_rcdIlBB9FPAGl8s4hWGgHKOVOHYfByCIAsEv0-1740010189-1.2.1.1-FwfbwJ3lstFlkLQBdGRCDXfrMmGuOc.zSESGXPbWUI325MfH7ma2.yt6QPf8HmHi',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=children%20who%20stutter&__cf_chl_tk=rLlg3UWSbX9iFKGiRMbkEOgncWlT3ebuUPWzvDKaDxM-1740010189-1.0.1.1-LXTpd0XNlzBTBqs2gRTBVh.vP5iX5.ohAOHpISqwcuI",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1740010189',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "unsupported-browser",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=children%20who%20stutter&__cf_chl_f_tk=rLlg3UWSbX9iFKGiRMbkEOgncWlT3ebuUPWzvDKaDxM-1740010189-1.0.1.1-LXTpd0XNlzBTBqs2gRTBVh.vP5iX5.ohAOHpISqwcuI",md: "0hhYMbk.n9uL9RsSfHqTbImdhD.jLXogcLGYD5JijLA-1740010189-1.2.1.1-VyNGOu942j.xI9n3R7hwls7BuF9bBKGaWLNBGARE1u4D3QViXuvZyDHGclT6KQYb3jDWW.PsB.zwRzz7XcuzkeDxNr4Nb.R_ZUYnLs3XrFiCOjfIK92sq.YjXvrq_pjzDn_1D_WmkmV2F8NlyqaC._IolTYt9eBUt_o4dw8w70n1tfwowWo789pl6vX4SK4JiwZSLDWX9BjLn.6t8aF0xE48JJtKG_qqZ8S6RzWWLbLgq85YEUHG.9Zz6Zt93l_sfsjYXipxHQSRNVcAAmQyiS._CjXUU8R8ztGyhZKkx6kgZuzipig4RCp6f7hy6bBngH8Pu7DjjoRbqIgwr3l117dA8rFPjdRffwwJOZYvsCZBwfzGBPLF7m_0Elri4y5RK5CGXfcUSVCZz1NDc2OvKQJK9yr72i6qpEdxwHKPsBMEnJ2AM.elqXq01gIR7QU4SJVz1Q9qHO3irNXsJqlizUmVlSMVLKKshoL4j56ftrVJYQ2BsU3z5D5TIbAXPlV7X0m2LbHVEJ2acuOmZxg6BZHddntTZ3_u_.TeNqGKPtEZ9asp1KU0MeDQmt1jmpBXc3ROiGrt3QbDR8UDqo2eNOENHfb1bc.Y4rjWpqjwD.l9_vTjqR.aY8N_.OXOqU1o0BmUDA5OickTQiA7CdwVFLdg3tw8ZeZvqzrKuA.vug0a5wYqTfR.4AP_cHlg0uhudWnBJp2YuWO2.rcynBdfKcmmIzLVjqyn1hNn6_lfDFXbXyQ4Pt69MRzkNcoPCg1ZdIjzyluNSMNtMgW3TvRHHc5Qi8S_VrIiNBExzQMUsUfiwjLa_lS8erznsK35cr67d6wW3prrkJEzNq_yQ6.G.77bfemPSxijPxbB4nXfcYTgOfezXb9s8ycyRRqQ5bvIPl9IsWEWhFHKOoujJSDGX4VLEAC4zBud8aaswZDJ9U3RBhasm4qt8WjEj.p.Equ.d0_DMT1DMKEjTo9hV6Nk1u4VXQfRUlNxoBOZNnODg_gUw3R4MPvTH9K3xfeoQfEbKRtL0moJ5b27och4jvpTHEXsN63Aw_LE6aSLB10P.UIFd1ox.nGGwkPYUZr1Nt41pfKupW1Au7XiZVtZZ1QacyblnYl5D_E8Y91cB6X2LScfuNBNsF6Ev9nMQzWbbn9R0eIsiJzFCwekxPodkQzePI_TG4L9f1t2E7JoipDQ27AiiR3s_WdX8Ejbp2OTawQTLx8jKIyaFoMgrgceO5v63igbhvuzI0Zz_1f.YfmQ5kLVGADJ6gpvfP08g1MlQzSKNd3DzhSYdX0XJcaMM5.OewXshMVu6J_P1jmdUChou7IlHo1iaDjAmeTBS1wEx9f1B9ROs3jhhVW0mmj8FaY_ltZN7rPbmx0c8RdErJo872xjbn8oO_Di09ys3Le2.rOmtakwSqPpJ5me1P0luak8PVUOAlzKW1.hNRdbKMFyXGEeLesdCU10oDONxPvKy0l_qISYLZCALaqoRc.Mdl90ZVn9OKa.0FDSnXOrc8xYx1IZbHayYNEwPGtT.FEns7ZqBiec6hY_VUREzekG6GOrs9iXTHUNXq3u9un2ktlvoTHQm55V.QK4Y9o3RJyZUM5l8fIS5YfXyZlZZ37gOWD3Xkpn8rAYGjpDfW3Wh8p56iWuhHQhb2W3UCs9Ld3X.sHTAJwEirWsAMiTg3_ObflPw7kwbT3jqulgvyH8VkXCMTURSiQBTVsUufFBdkTGaI.h45JtsQk1ulgKE5GGlfXuzQCtS86sbsZBoMZ_5sCUgX7LTIimOQtmNHb8F.3wZbbSNoC42H8zuijrAPtmyrUZwSvLZ0HXo1fprNDGth8a8VtaqNwtuHXlmp3Lhtf2UjRpHeo95qZ81CU92yYxhz18zL6WIj04brN4RN1yceMbKBEtC1d5Ft3k85fiXlg3SzESvST6He5aZ_yrkPfTfSAzr__J6kI7v1jt91_bg_ZuQS2KE.p2YUX685VrRrTTfEAg",mdrd: "G3njKh0UGfjDUaJ2JV295H9OZUhjSMdmQo0.Htb8jpU-1740010189-1.2.1.1-uiyWIvxFQKciRcICtP6aUkl1gNY7Wwjj26Lwyh_kSpZiPomfnrv1y7nyfMAGLJDTPKtVQMDvMB_Fp3OJ.H5RUlQbMgNihC19CJDJW0XWakA3oQj92kdhqlm_4ptMFAdhTbLqmAfoD246UdcMzLjYhWfRblyWZ2.8xmoq7qJHpfcCulU8Cs1FyCd4AQi8V9NASq3f9dleZ2vsHvceSZQylYxO2zH7wgjRuSgdoLjFo.RqzTpY_gQvXYWLWaeGDZr_QrnGfeGShsG3j1JtR135VueU89p_rsfWUg67sYOXlQHu.b86FKVyToatpOGxZeVlgYCodp5CygCs8BHkyH1svYoA97D_ewluC8OI1HUgiEPu1bIy2e3bZGvE6X9ygsj3j.bqvKPg2wcULcumI0Vl60100KquNo38fqtHKTcdGfwEmdKUHd6pqbWRbvYrecUQLdElLy5uGocpBU8MPY_CvwWX7_7SPjtGW9tz30UlUSxcau57uAd6l8k7pbLOYhlNd__4sD16LqzC6t5zsp7Kei1bJRba3fHOQ7gdfao09dYfTtzqBGXAm6KK2ujc7UYxAdSt4ZqjMi4ji_G8DX8egB8bVYHzrZ8rRqTWs2dR4E_WDGUrTdN7OkTP6uDf0.5R9PPg1cFyGBvucQ1a7csvaaniDewhBPbmM1zMRTov0iODFjT3VzKlnLPCuI1EoqYkQVIIw..Jmfs0uU6M_Do4wTw_IXzvlA0RDTbnsCF_5u.q6_wz2._tj3crF1wTLk9j8dkOLi_iCKAcysRXzvxzb.2enneDaZIdNX_uYt6_dhPqg6QryJNlo4awWc2m1Qzzt9E4B0PErGBirgZzUUOgD3q1KxQ2DzLBPKc9f0H8jeqjdBspRzV1ulh9fiy15YtY5VpW2iEST4cI0g9SkokHANvDBJBZ46ZAcqKOZpuwZVcoFkGp1Od6.Ur3GBYroiUmYwopMTI7UCSR6L0Cgl5KZCOuYLvlMCmg2d8CjXJn6awrM_toxJTgsTyp_1k5otT3sZE7rMs2FLwLs7qpuTuiMBwrAH9kzV4hfETXjDBBkDRtjNRju3Me.085U0UexygGHCzrsdHUkRvztA_5o32z.UHSCpUat85onHgnBmg_etaIzARw2eSPaPCIo_hIM5cxa6SIslmOsl3J5nVGqfvNx31YI2.U7LR6XfFvfi8sB8kZrQa_0nYnmPzEGt4ywPe5BZvSF4AApYkzVVmUDBeXs4w__4KZ6pHcOIQEjvxW5OCUuJ4H6Dnj7HEbqZqRDvlnVgwJZrEQZXDD3uqdPv4fRJrgRHc3xwptKSbbHioxnyyK88Z3Ok7LgrR_D8R1C5EBFrUYY7Ee50XO3Ok51W_Vt2x6IAcuBT3P7ccTkP0MEtRSOcR34SdZcRxwz1F7rNf2Fj5JVsEkf2TBGkMA001powUAhhO.Vx1v8OgcXT4pVqJ1l2PD0.ZXwl6Ibyq.j3lMFtrP02uYqFaLmLBxCN9uiPDZ.Vurh9eV3ILjk66KHZuG.0Cuuxm4Q0RD19Nu0ByHe5H8FeOd1dz5R7KAVD9wmNBcRRznJIyMSfQC.fBHWOqHoYUCL3A_l00b8eoKYn2.OBbGKz0V17Q5qi41De81zmVHaVfV.qBbiNL6I0qLtT5fv0TUlFsKCOin8bxX9k9tR.TNKKzi5G6vZlKes6X3fXOlryKfBgmCTc20X6Y.GfYbJJidyeIlVsRioJpJO7k7YIAV8PpxwUqvbsRwIuMYB6s94hKy1wIk5jKG4LADwJ5FUPuo5k4rW466bBxyObpK413cjiNgzgTZ9PfYZx48sGZNr11JTAoQrgN34Xqz.xIR7wFWYKfN2golbMta8e65IcLuaW3xPK9J2zww7_ane4l5cjuBqgmS6xF9uHJMMAMlwUljXci.wikg25y4IGO.AGTelfgO9HB7noZZdv2o7hrQN95dJxF76tdraeiMW3rxLjQgU2c9Nk0u3Q5K18f8"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=914a4524ab3a6bf4';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=children%20who%20stutter&__cf_chl_rt_tk=rLlg3UWSbX9iFKGiRMbkEOgncWlT3ebuUPWzvDKaDxM-1740010189-1.0.1.1-LXTpd0XNlzBTBqs2gRTBVh.vP5iX5.ohAOHpISqwcuI" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>