Magnetic Field Sensing by Magnetic-Fluid-Coated Capillary Long-Period Fiber Gratings

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xml:lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title> Magnetic Field Sensing by Magnetic-Fluid-Coated Capillary Long-Period Fiber Gratings | Journal of Optics and Photonics Research </title> <link rel="icon" href="https://ojs.bonviewpress.com/public/journals/13/favicon_en_US.png"> <meta name="generator" content="Open Journal Systems 3.4.0.7"> <meta name="gs_meta_revision" content="1.1"/> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Journal of Optics and Photonics Research"/> <meta name="citation_journal_abbrev" content="JOPR"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Mengjiao Ding"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Institute of Logistics Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, China"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Mengxue Tang"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Institute of Logistics Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, China"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Ziyang Hua"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Institute of Logistics Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, China"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Xin Wang"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Institute of Logistics Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, China"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Yunhe Zhao"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Institute of Logistics Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, China"/> <meta name="citation_title" content="Magnetic Field Sensing by Magnetic-Fluid-Coated Capillary Long-Period Fiber Gratings"/> <meta name="citation_language" content="en"/> <meta name="citation_date" content="2024"/> <meta name="citation_volume" content="1"/> <meta name="citation_issue" content="3"/> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="124"/> <meta name="citation_lastpage" content="130"/> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.47852/bonviewJOPR32021778"/> <meta name="citation_abstract_html_url" content="https://ojs.bonviewpress.com/index.php/JOPR/article/view/1778"/> <meta name="citation_abstract" xml:lang="en" content="In this paper, we presented and experimentally investigated a novel magnetic field sensor (MFS) based on magnetic fluid (MF)-coated capillary long-period fiber gratings (CLPFGs). The CLPFGs with short length of no more than 10 mm and period of 1 mm were fabricated by point-to-point arc discharge method and then infiltrated in an MF-filled glass tube forming a packaged MF-coated CLPFGs MFSs. A redshift in resonances of CLPFGs was brought out after packaging process, due to external refractive index changing. With the increasing external magnetic field, the intensity of resonant dips gradually decreased, which is caused by magnetostrictive effect together with refractive index variations. Moreover, CLPFGs with the same grating period and different grating lengths were comparatively investigated and analyzed. The resonant dips with larger transmissive depth present faster descend to the external magnetic field, resulting in higher sensitivity. The sensitivity of 0.036 dB/Oe could be obtained, when the CLPFGs have a grating length of 9 mm. What is more, the sensor is insensitive to temperature, which can avoid the effect of temperature. The proposed MF-coated CLPFGs MFS has potential applications in magnetic field systems. 聽 Received: 22 September 2023 | Revised: 16 November 2023 | Accepted: 20 November 2023 聽 Conflicts of InterestYunhe Zhao is an Associate Editor for Journal of Optics and Photonics Research, and was not involved in the editorial review or the decision to publish this article. The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work. 聽 Data Availability Statement Data are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request."/> <meta name="citation_keywords" xml:lang="en" content="long-period fiber grating"/> <meta name="citation_keywords" xml:lang="en" content=" optical fiber sensing"/> <meta name="citation_keywords" xml:lang="en" content=" magnetic field sensor"/> <meta name="citation_keywords" xml:lang="en" content="magnetic fluid"/> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://ojs.bonviewpress.com/index.php/JOPR/article/download/1778/696"/> <link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" /> <meta name="DC.Creator.PersonalName" content="Mengjiao Ding"/> <meta name="DC.Creator.PersonalName" content="Mengxue Tang"/> <meta name="DC.Creator.PersonalName" content="Ziyang Hua"/> <meta name="DC.Creator.PersonalName" content="Xin Wang"/> <meta name="DC.Creator.PersonalName" content="Yunhe Zhao"/> <meta name="DC.Date.created" scheme="ISO8601" content="2023-11-22"/> <meta name="DC.Date.dateSubmitted" scheme="ISO8601" content="2023-09-22"/> <meta name="DC.Date.issued" scheme="ISO8601" content="2024-08-20"/> <meta name="DC.Date.modified" scheme="ISO8601" content="2024-08-20"/> <meta name="DC.Description" xml:lang="en" content="In this paper, we presented and experimentally investigated a novel magnetic field sensor (MFS) based on magnetic fluid (MF)-coated capillary long-period fiber gratings (CLPFGs). The CLPFGs with short length of no more than 10 mm and period of 1 mm were fabricated by point-to-point arc discharge method and then infiltrated in an MF-filled glass tube forming a packaged MF-coated CLPFGs MFSs. A redshift in resonances of CLPFGs was brought out after packaging process, due to external refractive index changing. With the increasing external magnetic field, the intensity of resonant dips gradually decreased, which is caused by magnetostrictive effect together with refractive index variations. Moreover, CLPFGs with the same grating period and different grating lengths were comparatively investigated and analyzed. The resonant dips with larger transmissive depth present faster descend to the external magnetic field, resulting in higher sensitivity. The sensitivity of 0.036 dB/Oe could be obtained, when the CLPFGs have a grating length of 9 mm. What is more, the sensor is insensitive to temperature, which can avoid the effect of temperature. The proposed MF-coated CLPFGs MFS has potential applications in magnetic field systems. 聽 Received: 22 September 2023 | Revised: 16 November 2023 | Accepted: 20 November 2023 聽 Conflicts of InterestYunhe Zhao is an Associate Editor for Journal of Optics and Photonics Research, and was not involved in the editorial review or the decision to publish this article. The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work. 聽 Data Availability Statement Data are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request."/> <meta name="DC.Format" scheme="IMT" content="application/pdf"/> <meta name="DC.Identifier" content="1778"/> <meta name="DC.Identifier.pageNumber" content="124-130"/> <meta name="DC.Identifier.DOI" content="10.47852/bonviewJOPR32021778"/> <meta name="DC.Identifier.URI" content="https://ojs.bonviewpress.com/index.php/JOPR/article/view/1778"/> <meta name="DC.Language" scheme="ISO639-1" content="en"/> <meta name="DC.Rights" content="Copyright (c) 2023 Authors"/> <meta name="DC.Rights" content="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"/> <meta name="DC.Source" content="Journal of Optics and Photonics Research"/> <meta name="DC.Source.Issue" content="3"/> <meta name="DC.Source.Volume" content="1"/> <meta name="DC.Source.URI" content="https://ojs.bonviewpress.com/index.php/JOPR"/> <meta name="DC.Subject" 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</li> <li class="current" aria-current="page"> <span aria-current="page"> Research Articles </span> </li> </ol> </nav> <article class="obj_article_details"> <h1 class="page_title"> Magnetic Field Sensing by Magnetic-Fluid-Coated Capillary Long-Period Fiber Gratings </h1> <div class="row"> <div class="main_entry"> <section class="item authors"> <h2 class="pkp_screen_reader">Authors</h2> <ul class="authors"> <li> <span class="name"> Mengjiao Ding </span> <span class="affiliation"> Institute of Logistics Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, China </span> </li> <li> <span class="name"> Mengxue Tang </span> <span class="affiliation"> Institute of Logistics Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, China </span> </li> <li> <span class="name"> Ziyang Hua </span> <span class="affiliation"> Institute of Logistics Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, China </span> </li> <li> <span class="name"> Xin Wang </span> <span class="affiliation"> Institute of Logistics Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, China </span> </li> <li> <span class="name"> Yunhe Zhao </span> <span class="affiliation"> Institute of Logistics Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, China </span> <span class="orcid"> <svg class="orcid_icon" viewBox="0 0 256 256" aria-hidden="true"> <style type="text/css"> .st0{fill:#A6CE39;} .st1{fill:#FFFFFF;} </style> <path class="st0" d="M256,128c0,70.7-57.3,128-128,128C57.3,256,0,198.7,0,128C0,57.3,57.3,0,128,0C198.7,0,256,57.3,256,128z"/> <g> <path class="st1" d="M86.3,186.2H70.9V79.1h15.4v48.4V186.2z"/> <path class="st1" d="M108.9,79.1h41.6c39.6,0,57,28.3,57,53.6c0,27.5-21.5,53.6-56.8,53.6h-41.8V79.1z M124.3,172.4h24.5 c34.9,0,42.9-26.5,42.9-39.7c0-21.5-13.7-39.7-43.7-39.7h-23.7V172.4z"/> <path class="st1" d="M88.7,56.8c0,5.5-4.5,10.1-10.1,10.1c-5.6,0-10.1-4.6-10.1-10.1c0-5.6,4.5-10.1,10.1-10.1 C84.2,46.7,88.7,51.3,88.7,56.8z"/> </g> </svg> <a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6912-5245" target="_blank"> https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6912-5245 </a> </span> </li> </ul> </section> <section class="item doi"> <h2 class="label"> DOI: </h2> <span class="value"> <a href="https://doi.org/10.47852/bonviewJOPR32021778"> https://doi.org/10.47852/bonviewJOPR32021778 </a> </span> </section> <section class="item keywords"> <h2 class="label"> Keywords: </h2> <span class="value"> long-period fiber grating, optical fiber sensing, magnetic field sensor, magnetic fluid </span> </section> <section class="item abstract"> <h2 class="label">Abstract</h2> <p>In this paper, we presented and experimentally investigated a novel magnetic field sensor (MFS) based on magnetic fluid (MF)-coated capillary long-period fiber gratings (CLPFGs). The CLPFGs with short length of no more than 10 mm and period of 1 mm were fabricated by point-to-point arc discharge method and then infiltrated in an MF-filled glass tube forming a packaged MF-coated CLPFGs MFSs. A redshift in resonances of CLPFGs was brought out after packaging process, due to external refractive index changing. With the increasing external magnetic field, the intensity of resonant dips gradually decreased, which is caused by magnetostrictive effect together with refractive index variations. Moreover, CLPFGs with the same grating period and different grating lengths were comparatively investigated and analyzed. The resonant dips with larger transmissive depth present faster descend to the external magnetic field, resulting in higher sensitivity. The sensitivity of 0.036 dB/Oe could be obtained, when the CLPFGs have a grating length of 9 mm. What is more, the sensor is insensitive to temperature, which can avoid the effect of temperature. The proposed MF-coated CLPFGs MFS has potential applications in magnetic field systems.</p> <p>聽</p> <p><strong>Received:</strong> 22 September 2023 | <strong>Revised:</strong> 16 November 2023 | <strong>Accepted:</strong> 20 November 2023</p> <p>聽</p> <p><strong>Conflicts of Interest</strong><br>Yunhe Zhao is an Associate Editor for <em>Journal of Optics and Photonics Research</em>, and was not involved in the editorial review or the decision to publish this article. The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.</p> <p>聽</p> <p><strong>Data Availability Statement</strong></p> <p>Data are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.</p> </section> <br /><div class="separator"></div><div class="item abstract" id="trendmd-suggestions"></div><script defer src='//js.trendmd.com/trendmd.min.js' data-trendmdconfig='{"website_id":"89272", "element":"#trendmd-suggestions"}'></script> </div> <div class="entry_details"> <div class="item cover_image"> <div class="sub_item"> <a href="https://ojs.bonviewpress.com/index.php/JOPR/issue/view/91"> <img src="https://ojs.bonviewpress.com/public/journals/13/cover_issue_91_en_US.png" alt=""> </a> </div> </div> <div class="item galleys"> <h2 class="pkp_screen_reader"> Downloads </h2> <ul class="value galleys_links"> <li> <a class="obj_galley_link pdf" href="https://ojs.bonviewpress.com/index.php/JOPR/article/view/1778/696"> PDF </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="item published"> <section class="sub_item"> <h2 class="label"> Published </h2> <div class="value"> <span>2023-11-22</span> </div> </section> </div> <div class="item issue"> <section class="sub_item"> <h2 class="label"> Issue </h2> <div class="value"> <a class="title" href="https://ojs.bonviewpress.com/index.php/JOPR/issue/view/91"> Vol. 1 No. 3 (2024) </a> </div> </section> <section class="sub_item"> <h2 class="label"> Section </h2> <div class="value"> Research Articles </div> </section> </div> <div class="item copyright"> <h2 class="label"> License </h2> <p>Copyright (c) 2023 Authors</p> <a rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" src="//i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png" /></a><p>This work is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>.</p> </div> <div class="item citation"> <section class="sub_item citation_display"> <h2 class="label"> How to Cite </h2> <div class="value"> <div id="citationOutput" role="region" aria-live="polite"> <div class="csl-bib-body"> <div class="csl-entry">Ding, M., Tang, M., Hua, Z., Wang, X., & Zhao, Y. 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Magnetic Field Sensing by Magnetic-Fluid-Coated Capillary Long-Period Fiber Gratings | Journal of Optics and Photonics Research