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<div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Karakteristik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Karakteristik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Karakteristik </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Karakteristik-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Gulingkan subbagian Karakteristik </button> <ul id="toc-Karakteristik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sifat_fisik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sifat_fisik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 Sifat fisik </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sifat_fisik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sifat_kimia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sifat_kimia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Sifat kimia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sifat_kimia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Isotop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Isotop"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Isotop </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Isotop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Senyawa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senyawa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Senyawa </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Senyawa-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Gulingkan subbagian Senyawa </button> <ul id="toc-Senyawa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Oksida" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oksida"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Oksida </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oksida-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Halida" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Halida"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Halida </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Halida-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Senyawa_organoerbium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senyawa_organoerbium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Senyawa organoerbium </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Senyawa_organoerbium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sejarah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Sejarah </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Keterjadian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Keterjadian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Keterjadian </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Keterjadian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Produksi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Produksi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Produksi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Produksi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aplikasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aplikasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Aplikasi </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aplikasi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Gulingkan subbagian Aplikasi </button> <ul id="toc-Aplikasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Laser_dan_optika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Laser_dan_optika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Laser dan optika </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Laser_dan_optika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aplikasi_lainnya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aplikasi_lainnya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Aplikasi lainnya </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aplikasi_lainnya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Peran_biologis_dan_pencegahan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peran_biologis_dan_pencegahan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Peran biologis dan pencegahan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peran_biologis_dan_pencegahan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Referensi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bacaan_lebih_lanjut" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bacaan_lebih_lanjut"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Bacaan lebih lanjut </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bacaan_lebih_lanjut-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Pranala luar </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Gulingkan daftar isi </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Erbium</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 128 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-128" aria-hidden="true" > 128 bahasa </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Erbium" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A2%E1%88%AD%E1%89%A2%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%9D" title="ኢርቢየም – Amharik" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኢርቢየም" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharik" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="एर्बियम – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="एर्बियम" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="إربيوم – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إربيوم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="إيربيوم – Arab Maroko" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="إيربيوم" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Arab Maroko" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="اربيوم – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اربيوم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbiu" title="Erbiu – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Erbiu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Erbium" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Эрбий – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Эрбий" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89rbium" title="Érbium – Bali" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Érbium" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Bali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Эрбій – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Эрбій" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B1" title="Эрб – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Эрб" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Ербий – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ербий" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="अर्बियम – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="अर्बियम" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="আরবিয়াম – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আরবিয়াম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbiom" title="Erbiom – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Erbiom" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbij" title="Erbij – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Erbij" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbi" title="Erbi – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Erbi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Erbium" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbyo" title="Erbyo – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Erbyo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8E%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C%DB%86%D9%85" title="ئێربیۆم – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئێربیۆم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbiu" title="Erbiu – Korsika" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Erbiu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korsika" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Erbium" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Эрбий – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Эрбий" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbiwm" title="Erbiwm – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Erbiwm" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Erbium" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Erbium" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%88%CF%81%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Έρβιο – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Έρβιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Erbium" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbio" title="Erbio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Erbio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbio" title="Erbio – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Erbio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Erbium" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbio" title="Erbio – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Erbio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%85" title="اربیوم – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اربیوم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Erbium" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Erbium" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium – Frisia Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Erbium" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbi" title="Erbi – Friuli" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Erbi" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friuli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eirbiam" title="Eirbiam – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Eirbiam" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium – Gaelik Skotlandia" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Erbium" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Gaelik Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbio" title="Erbio – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Erbio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%85%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AC%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%AE" title="અર્બિયમ – Gujarat" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="અર્બિયમ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarat" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Erbium" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Erbium" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="ארביום – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ארביום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="अर्बियम – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अर्बियम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium – Hindi Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Erbium" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Hindi Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbij" title="Erbij – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Erbij" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Erbium" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D6%80%D5%A2%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Էրբիում – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էրբիում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Erbium" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbio" title="Erbio – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Erbio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbio" title="Erbio – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Erbio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AB%E3%83%93%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A0" title="エルビウム – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エルビウム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/jinmrberbi" title="jinmrberbi – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="jinmrberbi" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Erbium" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ერბიუმი – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ერბიუმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%90rb%C9%A9y%C9%94m" title="Ɛrbɩyɔm – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ɛrbɩyɔm" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Эрбий – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Эрбий" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%8E%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D" title="ಎರ್ಬಿಯಮ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಎರ್ಬಿಯಮ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%96%B4%EB%B8%80" title="어븀 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="어븀" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Эрбий – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Эрбий" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbiom" title="Erbiom – Kornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Erbiom" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Эрбий – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Эрбий" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Erbium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium – Luksemburg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Erbium" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luksemburg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium – Limburgia" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Erbium" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbio" title="Erbio – Liguria" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Erbio" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Liguria" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbis" title="Erbis – Lituavi" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Erbis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituavi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbijs" title="Erbijs – Latvi" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Erbijs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Ербиум – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ербиум" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%8E%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="എർബിയം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="എർബിയം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="Эрби – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Эрби" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%9D" title="ꯑꯦꯔꯕꯤꯌꯝ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯑꯦꯔꯕꯤꯌꯝ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="अर्बियम – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अर्बियम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Эрбий – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Эрбий" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Erbium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%98%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA" title="အာဘီယမ် – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အာဘီယမ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="अर्बियम – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="अर्बियम" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Erbium" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Erbium" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Erbium" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88rbi" title="Èrbi – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Èrbi" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbii" title="Erbii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Erbii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="अर्बियम – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="अर्बियम" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erb" title="Erb – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Erb" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbio" title="Erbio – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Erbio" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%85" title="اربیم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اربیم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%90%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="اېربيوم – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اېربيوم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89rbio" title="Érbio – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Érbio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irpiyu" title="Irpiyu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Irpiyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbiu" title="Erbiu – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Erbiu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbiu" title="Erbiu – Aromania" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Erbiu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Эрбий – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эрбий" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="अर्बियम – Sanskerta" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="अर्बियम" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskerta" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Эрбиум – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Эрбиум" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88rbiu" title="Èrbiu – Sardinia" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Èrbiu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbiu" title="Erbiu – Sisilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Erbiu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisilia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbijum" title="Erbijum – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Erbijum" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Erbium" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Erbium" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbij" title="Erbij – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Erbij" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbiumi" title="Erbiumi – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Erbiumi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Ербијум – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ербијум" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Erbium" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Erbium" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="எர்பியம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எர்பியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="ఇర్బియం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఇర్బియం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Эрбий – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Эрбий" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="เออร์เบียม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เออร์เบียม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbiyo" title="Erbiyo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Erbiyo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbiyum" title="Erbiyum – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Erbiyum" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Эрбий – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Эрбий" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%90%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%89%D9%8A" title="ئېربىي – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئېربىي" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Ербій – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ербій" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A6%D9%85" title="عیربیئم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="عیربیئم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbiy" title="Erbiy – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Erbiy" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbii" title="Erbii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Erbii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbi" title="Erbi – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Erbi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbyo" title="Erbyo – Warai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Erbyo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Warai" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%93%92" title="铒 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="铒" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Эрбиум – Kalmuk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Эрбиум" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmuk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Хальмг</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Erbium" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%93%92" title="铒 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="铒" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%89%BA" title="鉺 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="鉺" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Erbium" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%89%BA" title="鉺 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="鉺" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/INdwembi" title="INdwembi – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="INdwembi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1849#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Lihat halaman isi [c]" accesskey="c">Halaman</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan:Erbium" rel="discussion" title="Pembicaraan halaman isi [t]" accesskey="t">Pembicaraan</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ubah varian bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Bahasa Indonesia </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Erbium">Baca</a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erbium&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v">Sunting</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erbium&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e">Sunting sumber</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erbium&action=history" title="Revisi sebelumnya dari halaman ini. [h]" accesskey="h">Lihat riwayat</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Perkakas </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Perkakas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Opsi lainnya" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Erbium">Baca</a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erbium&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v">Sunting</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erbium&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e">Sunting sumber</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erbium&action=history">Lihat riwayat</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pranala_balik/Erbium" title="Daftar semua halaman wiki yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [j]" accesskey="j">Pranala balik</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terkait/Erbium" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terbaru halaman-halaman yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [k]" accesskey="k">Perubahan terkait</a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_istimewa" title="Daftar semua halaman istimewa [q]" accesskey="q">Halaman istimewa</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erbium&oldid=23829474" title="Pranala permanen untuk revisi halaman ini">Pranala permanen</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erbium&action=info" title="Informasi lanjut tentang halaman ini">Informasi halaman</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Kutip&page=Erbium&id=23829474&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasi tentang bagaimana mengutip halaman ini">Kutip halaman ini</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FErbium">Lihat URL pendek</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FErbium">Unduh kode QR</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/ekspor </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Erbium">Buat buku</a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:DownloadAsPdf&page=Erbium&action=show-download-screen">Unduh versi PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erbium&printable=yes" title="Versi cetak halaman ini [p]" accesskey="p">Versi cetak</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam proyek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Erbium" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1849" title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g">Butir di Wikidata</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18844875">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel ini bukan mengenai <a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium">Terbium</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Iterbium" title="Iterbium">Iterbium</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r22657712">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r26333552">.mw-parser-output .ib-station-name{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}@media only screen and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ib-station{width:25.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-station-name{width:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard" style="font-size:88%;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr" style="background:lightgray;padding:0.25em 0.33em 0.33em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:1.25em;"><div style="float:right;display:inline;background:lightgray;font-size:150%;">68Er</div>Erbium</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Erbium-crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Erbium-crop.jpg/220px-Erbium-crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/Erbium-crop.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="264" data-file-height="249" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Sampel erbium</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div style="background:black"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Erbium_spectrum_visible.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Erbium_spectrum_visible.png/220px-Erbium_spectrum_visible.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Erbium_spectrum_visible.png/330px-Erbium_spectrum_visible.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Erbium_spectrum_visible.png/440px-Erbium_spectrum_visible.png 2x" data-file-width="7430" data-file-height="1280" /></a> </div><div class="infobox-caption">Garis spektrum erbium</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#ffbfff">Sifat umum</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em">Pengucapan</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782729">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist" style="margin: 0; text-align: left;"><ul><li style="margin: 0; text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;">/èrbium/<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></li><li style="margin: 0; text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;">/êrbium/</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em">Penampilan</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">putih keperakan</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#ffbfff">Erbium dalam <a href="/wiki/Tabel_periodik" title="Tabel periodik">tabel periodik</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><div style="z-index:1;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;font-size:120%;right:185px;margin:0.1em;font-family:'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif ; line-height:0.9"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Media:Electron_shell_068_Erbium.svg" title="Media:Electron shell 068 Erbium.svg"><img alt="Perbesar gambar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Electron_shell_068_Erbium.svg/50px-Electron_shell_068_Erbium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Electron_shell_068_Erbium.svg/75px-Electron_shell_068_Erbium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Electron_shell_068_Erbium.svg/100px-Electron_shell_068_Erbium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="860" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div style="z-index:1;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;font-size:120%;right:140px;margin:0.1em;font-family:'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif ; line-height:0.9"> 68Er</div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%; margin:0; background:#f8f8f8;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="periodictable" style="margin:0 auto"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:none; width:5px"><div style="background-color:transparent; margin:0; padding:0; text-align:center; border:none;"> <table style="empty-cells:hidden; border:none; padding:0; border-spacing:1px; border-collapse:separate; margin:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">Hidrogen</a> </td> <td colspan="30" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">Helium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lithium" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithium">Lithium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Berilium" title="Berilium">Berilium</a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Boron" title="Boron">Boron</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon">Karbon</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">Nitrogen</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen">Oksigen</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Fluor" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluor">Fluor</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Neon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium">Natrium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Magnesium</a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Aluminium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Silikon" title="Silikon">Silikon</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor">Fosfor</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Sulfur" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulfur">Sulfur</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clor (halaman belum tersedia)">Clor</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Argon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Potasium" class="mw-redirect" title="Potasium">Potasium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Kalsium" title="Kalsium">Kalsium</a> </td> <td colspan="14" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Skandium" title="Skandium">Skandium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">Titanium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">Vanadium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Chromium" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromium">Chromium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan">Mangan</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Besi" title="Besi">Besi</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Cobalt" class="mw-redirect" title="Cobalt">Cobalt</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nikel" title="Nikel">Nikel</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tembaga" title="Tembaga">Tembaga</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Seng" title="Seng">Seng</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Gallium" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallium">Gallium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium">Germanium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Arsen" title="Arsen">Arsen</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Selen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Selen (halaman belum tersedia)">Selen</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bromin" title="Bromin">Bromin</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Kripton" title="Kripton">Kripton</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium">Rubidium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Strontium" class="mw-redirect" title="Strontium">Strontium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;; width:0;"> </td> <td colspan="13" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" class="mw-redirect" title="Yttrium">Yttrium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Zirconium" class="mw-redirect" title="Zirconium">Zirconium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">Niobium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Molybdenum" class="mw-redirect" title="Molybdenum">Molybdenum</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Technetium" class="mw-redirect" title="Technetium">Technetium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruthenium">Ruthenium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rhodium" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhodium">Rhodium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Palladium" class="mw-redirect" title="Palladium">Palladium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Silver" class="mw-redirect" title="Silver">Silver</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Cadmium" class="mw-redirect" title="Cadmium">Cadmium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium">Indium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin">Tin</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Antimony" class="mw-redirect" title="Antimony">Antimony</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tellurium" class="mw-redirect" title="Tellurium">Tellurium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Iodine" class="mw-redirect" title="Iodine">Iodine</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xenon</a> </td></tr> <tr style="border:none;padding:0;"> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Caesium" class="mw-redirect" title="Caesium">Caesium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium">Barium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanthanum">Lanthanum</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Cerium" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerium">Cerium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Praseodymium" class="mw-redirect" title="Praseodymium">Praseodymium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Neodymium" class="mw-redirect" title="Neodymium">Neodymium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Promethium" class="mw-redirect" title="Promethium">Promethium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium">Samarium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">Europium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">Gadolinium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium">Terbium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" class="mw-redirect" title="Dysprosium">Dysprosium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium">Holmium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Erbium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Thulium" class="mw-redirect" title="Thulium">Thulium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" class="mw-redirect" title="Ytterbium">Ytterbium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lutetium" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutetium">Lutetium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium">Hafnium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tantalum" title="Tantalum">Tantalum</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tungsten" class="mw-redirect" title="Tungsten">Tungsten</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rhenium" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhenium">Rhenium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium">Osmium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">Iridium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Platinum" class="mw-redirect" title="Platinum">Platinum</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Gold" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold">Gold</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercury (element)">Mercury (element)</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Thallium" class="mw-redirect" title="Thallium">Thallium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lead" class="mw-redirect" title="Lead">Lead</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bismuth" class="mw-redirect" title="Bismuth">Bismuth</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium">Polonium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Astatine" class="mw-redirect" title="Astatine">Astatine</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Radon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Francium" class="mw-redirect" title="Francium">Francium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium">Radium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Actinium" class="mw-redirect" title="Actinium">Actinium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Thorium" class="mw-redirect" title="Thorium">Thorium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Protactinium" class="mw-redirect" title="Protactinium">Protactinium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">Uranium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium">Neptunium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">Plutonium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Americium" class="mw-redirect" title="Americium">Americium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Curium" class="mw-redirect" title="Curium">Curium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium">Berkelium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Californium" class="mw-redirect" title="Californium">Californium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium">Einsteinium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium">Fermium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium">Mendelevium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium">Nobelium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawrencium">Lawrencium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" class="mw-redirect" title="Rutherfordium">Rutherfordium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium">Dubnium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium">Seaborgium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium">Bohrium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Hassium" class="mw-redirect" title="Hassium">Hassium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium">Meitnerium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium">Darmstadtium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium">Roentgenium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Copernicium" class="mw-redirect" title="Copernicium">Copernicium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium">Nihonium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" title="Flerovium">Flerovium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Moscovium" class="mw-redirect" title="Moscovium">Moscovium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium">Livermorium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tennessine" class="mw-redirect" title="Tennessine">Tennessine</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" class="mw-redirect" title="Oganesson">Oganesson</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; width:10px; border:none;">– ↑ Er ↓ <a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium">Fm</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="nowrap" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; padding-top:0; padding-bottom:1px; border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium">holmium</a> ← erbium → <a href="/wiki/Tulium" title="Tulium">tulium</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <a href="/wiki/Templat:Navbox_unsur_diperbesar" title="Templat:Navbox unsur diperbesar">Lihat bagan navigasi yang diperbesar</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Nomor_atom" title="Nomor atom">Nomor atom</a> (Z)</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">68</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Golongan_(tabel_periodik)" class="mw-redirect" title="Golongan (tabel periodik)">Golongan</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Blok_tabel_periodik" title="Blok tabel periodik">golongan n/a</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Periode_(tabel_periodik)" class="mw-redirect" title="Periode (tabel periodik)">Periode</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Periode_(tabel_periodik)#Periode_6" class="mw-redirect" title="Periode (tabel periodik)">periode 6</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Blok_(tabel_periodik)" class="mw-redirect" title="Blok (tabel periodik)">Blok</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Blok-f" class="mw-redirect" title="Blok-f">blok-f</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Nama_kategori_unsur_kimia#Kategori" title="Nama kategori unsur kimia">Kategori unsur</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">  <a href="/wiki/Lantanida" title="Lantanida">lantanida</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Berat_atom_standar" class="mw-redirect" title="Berat atom standar">Berat atom standar</a> (Ar)</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782729"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>167,259±0,003</li><li>167,26±0,01 (diringkas)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Konfigurasi_elektron" title="Konfigurasi elektron">Konfigurasi elektron</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">[<a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xe</a>] 4f12 6s2 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Kelopak_elektron" title="Kelopak elektron">Elektron per kelopak</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">2, 8, 18, 30, 8, 2</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#ffbfff">Sifat fisik</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Fase_benda" title="Fase benda">Fase</a> pada <a href="/wiki/Temperatur_dan_tekanan_standar" title="Temperatur dan tekanan standar">STS</a> (0 °C dan 101,325 <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(satuan)" title="Pascal (satuan)">kPa</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Padat" title="Padat">padat</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Titik_lebur" title="Titik lebur">Titik lebur</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">1802 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> (1529 °C, 2784 °F) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Titik_didih" title="Titik didih">Titik didih</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">3141 K (2868 °C, 5194 °F) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Massa_jenis" title="Massa jenis">Kepadatan</a> mendekati <a href="/wiki/Suhu_kamar" title="Suhu kamar">s.k.</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">9,066 g/cm3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em">saat cair, pada <abbr title="titik lebur">t.l.</abbr></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">8,86 g/cm3 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Kalor_peleburan" title="Kalor peleburan">Kalor peleburan</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">19,90 <a href="/wiki/Joule_per_mol" title="Joule per mol">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Entalpi_penguapan" title="Entalpi penguapan">Kalor penguapan</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">280 kJ/mol </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Kapasitas_kalor" title="Kapasitas kalor">Kapasitas kalor molar</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">28,12 J/(mol·K) </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Tekanan_uap" title="Tekanan uap">Tekanan uap</a><div style="margin:0 auto;"> <table class="wikitable" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="text-align:center; width:100%; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th><abbr title="Suhu (Pascal)">P</abbr> (Pa) </th> <th>1 </th> <th>10 </th> <th>100 </th> <th>1 k </th> <th>10 k </th> <th>100 k </th></tr> <tr> <th>pada <abbr title="Suhu (Kelvin)">T</abbr> (K) </th> <td>1504 </td> <td>1663 </td> <td>(1885) </td> <td>(2163) </td> <td>(2552) </td> <td>(3132) </td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#ffbfff">Sifat atom</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Bilangan_oksidasi" title="Bilangan oksidasi">Bilangan oksidasi</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">0,<a href="#cite_note-Cloke1993-2">[2]</a> +1, +2, +3 (oksida <a href="/wiki/Basa" title="Basa">basa</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Elektronegativitas" title="Elektronegativitas">Elektronegativitas</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">Skala Pauling: 1,24 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Energi_ionisasi" title="Energi ionisasi">Energi ionisasi</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">ke-1: 589,3 kJ/mol ke-2: 1150 kJ/mol ke-3: 2194 kJ/mol </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Jari-jari_atom" title="Jari-jari atom">Jari-jari atom</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">empiris: 176 <a href="/wiki/Pikometer" title="Pikometer">pm</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Jari-jari_kovalen" title="Jari-jari kovalen">Jari-jari kovalen</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">189±6 pm </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#ffbfff">Lain-lain</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em">Kelimpahan alami</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Nuklida_primordial" title="Nuklida primordial">primordial</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Struktur_kristal" title="Struktur kristal">Struktur kristal</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Susunan_padat_bola_serupa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Susunan padat bola serupa (halaman belum tersedia)">susunan padat heksagon</a> (hcp)<div style="float:right;"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Hexagonal_close_packed.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Struktur kristal Hexagonal close packed untuk erbium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Hexagonal_close_packed.svg/50px-Hexagonal_close_packed.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Hexagonal_close_packed.svg/75px-Hexagonal_close_packed.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Hexagonal_close_packed.svg/100px-Hexagonal_close_packed.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="311" data-file-height="307" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Kecepatan_suara" class="mw-redirect" title="Kecepatan suara">Kecepatan suara</a> batang ringan</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">2830 m/s (suhu 20 °C) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Pemuaian" title="Pemuaian">Ekspansi kalor</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">poli: 12,2 µm/(m·K) (<abbr title="suhu kamar">s.k.</abbr>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Konduktivitas_termal" title="Konduktivitas termal">Konduktivitas termal</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">14,5 W/(m·K) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Resistivitas_listrik" class="mw-redirect" title="Resistivitas listrik">Resistivitas listrik</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">poli: 0,860 µΩ·m (<abbr title="suhu kamar">s.k.</abbr>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Magnetisme" title="Magnetisme">Arah magnet</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Paramagnetisme" title="Paramagnetisme">paramagnetik</a> pada suhu 300 K </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Suseptibilitas_magnetik" title="Suseptibilitas magnetik">Suseptibilitas magnetik molar</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">+44.300,00×10−6 cm3/mol<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Modulus_Young" title="Modulus Young">Modulus Young</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">69,9 GPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Modulus_geser" title="Modulus geser">Modulus Shear</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">28,3 GPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Modulus_kompresi" title="Modulus kompresi">Modulus curah</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">44,4 GPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Rasio_Poisson" title="Rasio Poisson">Rasio Poisson</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">0,237 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Uji_kekerasan_Vickers" title="Uji kekerasan Vickers">Skala Vickers</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">430–700 MPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Uji_kekerasan_Brinell" title="Uji kekerasan Brinell">Skala Brinell</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">600–1070 MPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Nomor_CAS" title="Nomor CAS">Nomor CAS</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">7440-52-0 </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#ffbfff">Sejarah</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em">Penamaan</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">dari <a href="/wiki/Ytterby" title="Ytterby">Ytterby</a> (Swedia), di mana ia ditambang</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Penemuan_unsur_kimia" title="Penemuan unsur kimia">Penemuan</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Gustaf_Mosander&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl Gustaf Mosander (halaman belum tersedia)">Carl G. Mosander</a> (1843)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Isotop_erbium" title="Isotop erbium">Isotop erbium</a> yang utama</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"> <table class="wikitable" cellpadding="1" style="text-align:center;width:100%; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop">Isotop</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Kelimpahan_alami" class="mw-redirect" title="Kelimpahan alami">Kelimpahan</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Waktu_paruh" title="Waktu paruh">Waktu paruh</a> (t1/2) </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Peluruhan_radioaktif#Mode_peluruhan" title="Peluruhan radioaktif">Mode peluruhan</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Produk_peluruhan" title="Produk peluruhan">Produk</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">160Er </th> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Radioisotop_sintetis" title="Radioisotop sintetis">sintetis</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">28,58 jam </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Penangkapan_elektron" class="mw-redirect" title="Penangkapan elektron">ε</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Holmium-160" class="mw-redirect" title="Holmium-160">160Ho</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">162Er </th> <td style="text-align:right">0,139% </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Isotop_stabil" class="mw-redirect" title="Isotop stabil">stabil</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">164Er </th> <td style="text-align:right">1,601% </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;">stabil </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">165Er </th> <td style="text-align:center;">sintetis </td> <td style="text-align:right;">10,36 jam </td> <td>ε </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Holmium-165" class="mw-redirect" title="Holmium-165">165Ho</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">166Er </th> <td style="text-align:right">33,503% </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;">stabil </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">167Er </th> <td style="text-align:right">22,869% </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;">stabil </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">168Er </th> <td style="text-align:right">26,978% </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;">stabil </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">169Er </th> <td style="text-align:center;">sintetis </td> <td style="text-align:right;">9,4 hri </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peluruhan_beta" title="Peluruhan beta">β−</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Tulium-169" class="mw-redirect" title="Tulium-169">169Tm</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">170Er </th> <td style="text-align:right">14,910% </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;">stabil </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">171Er </th> <td style="text-align:center;">sintetis </td> <td style="text-align:right;">7,516 jam </td> <td>β− </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Tulium-171" class="mw-redirect" title="Tulium-171">171Tm</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">172Er </th> <td style="text-align:center;">sintetis </td> <td style="text-align:right;">49,3 jam </td> <td>β− </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Tulium-172" class="mw-redirect" title="Tulium-172">172Tm</a> </td></tr></tbody></table><div style="clear:both;"></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint" style="border-top:1px dotted #ffbfff; line-height:0.7"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18590415">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Kotak_info_erbium" title="Templat:Kotak info erbium">lihat</a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Kotak_info_erbium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Kotak info erbium (halaman belum tersedia)">bicara</a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Kotak_info_erbium&action=edit">sunting</a></li></ul></div>| <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_data_references_for_chemical_elements" class="extiw" title="en:List of data references for chemical elements">referensi</a> | <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1849" class="extiw" title="d:Q1849">di Wikidata</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Erbium adalah sebuah <a href="/wiki/Unsur_kimia" title="Unsur kimia">unsur kimia</a> dengan <a href="/wiki/Lambang_unsur" title="Lambang unsur">lambang</a> Er dan <a href="/wiki/Nomor_atom" title="Nomor atom">nomor atom</a> 68. Ia merupakan sebuah <a href="/wiki/Logam" title="Logam">logam</a> padat berwarna putih keperakan ketika diisolasi secara artifisial. Erbium alami selalu ditemukan dalam kombinasi kimia dengan unsur lain. Ia adalah anggota <a href="/wiki/Lantanida" title="Lantanida">deret lantanida</a>, sebuah <a href="/wiki/Logam_tanah_jarang" title="Logam tanah jarang">unsur tanah jarang</a>, yang awalnya ditemukan di tambang <a href="/wiki/Gadolinit" title="Gadolinit">gadolinit</a> di <a href="/wiki/Ytterby" title="Ytterby">Ytterby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swedia" title="Swedia">Swedia</a>, yang merupakan sumber nama unsur ini. Penggunaan erbium yang utama melibatkan ion Er3+ berwarna merah muda, yang memiliki sifat fluoresen optik yang sangat berguna dalam aplikasi laser tertentu. Kaca atau kristal yang didoping erbium dapat digunakan sebagai media amplifikasi optik, di mana ion Er3+ dipompa secara optik pada panjang gelombang sekitar 980 atau 1480 nm dan kemudian memancarkan cahaya pada 1530 nm dalam emisi terstimulasi. Proses ini akan menghasilkan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penguat_optik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penguat optik (halaman belum tersedia)">penguat optik</a> <a href="/wiki/Laser" title="Laser">laser</a> sederhana yang luar biasa mekanis untuk sinyal yang ditransmisikan oleh serat optik. Panjang gelombang 1550 nm sangat penting untuk <a href="/wiki/Komunikasi_optik" title="Komunikasi optik">komunikasi optik</a> karena <a href="/wiki/Serat_optik" title="Serat optik">serat optik</a> mode tunggal standar memiliki kerugian minimal pada panjang gelombang khusus ini. Selain laser penguat serat optik, berbagai macam aplikasi medis (misalnya dermatologi dan kedokteran gigi) bergantung pada emisi ion erbium 2940 nm (lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Laser_Er:YAG&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laser Er:YAG (halaman belum tersedia)">laser Er:YAG</a>) ketika dinyalakan pada panjang gelombang lain, yang sangat terabsorpsi dalam air di dalam jaringan, membuat efeknya sangat dangkal. Deposisi energi laser jaringan yang dangkal seperti itu sangat membantu dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bedah_laser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bedah laser (halaman belum tersedia)">bedah laser</a>, dan untuk produksi uap yang efisien yang menghasilkan ablasi enamel dengan jenis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Laser_gigi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laser gigi (halaman belum tersedia)">laser gigi</a> yang umum. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Karakteristik">Karakteristik</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Erbium&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Karakteristik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erbium&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Karakteristik">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sifat_fisik">Sifat fisik</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Erbium&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Sifat fisik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erbium&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sifat fisik">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Erbium(III)chloride_sunlight.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Erbium%28III%29chloride_sunlight.jpg/220px-Erbium%28III%29chloride_sunlight.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/Erbium%28III%29chloride_sunlight.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="240" /></a><figcaption>Erbium(III) klorida di bawah sinar matahari, menunjukkan beberapa fluoresensi berwarna merah muda dari Er+3 yang berasal dari sinar ultraungu alami.</figcaption></figure> Merupakan sebuah unsur <a href="/wiki/Valensi" title="Valensi">trivalen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Logam" title="Logam">logam</a> erbium murni dapat ditempa (atau mudah dibentuk), lunak namun stabil di udara, dan tidak <a href="/wiki/Redoks" title="Redoks">teroksidasi</a> secepat beberapa <a href="/wiki/Logam_tanah_jarang" title="Logam tanah jarang">unsur tanah jarang</a> lainnya. <a href="/wiki/Garam_(kimia)" title="Garam (kimia)">Garamnya</a> berwarna mawar, dan unsur ini memiliki pita <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spektroskopi_absorpsi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spektroskopi absorpsi (halaman belum tersedia)">spektrum absorpsi</a> tajam yang khas dalam <a href="/wiki/Cahaya" title="Cahaya">cahaya tampak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ultraungu" title="Ultraungu">ultraungu</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Inframerah" title="Inframerah">inframerah</a> dekat.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> Selain dari itu, ia sangat mirip dengan tanah jarang lainnya. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sesquioksida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sesquioksida (halaman belum tersedia)">Sesquioksidanya</a> disebut <a href="/wiki/Erbium(III)_oksida" title="Erbium(III) oksida">erbia</a>. Sifat-sifat erbium pada tingkat tertentu ditentukan oleh jenis dan jumlah pengotor yang ada. Erbium tidak memainkan peran biologis apa pun yang diketahui, tetapi dianggap dapat merangsang <a href="/wiki/Metabolisme" title="Metabolisme">metabolisme</a>.<a href="#cite_note-emsley-5">[5]</a> Erbium bersifat <a href="/wiki/Feromagnetisme" title="Feromagnetisme">feromagnetik</a> di bawah suhu 19 K, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antiferomagnetisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antiferomagnetisme (halaman belum tersedia)">antiferomagnetik</a> di antara suhu 19 dan 80 K, dan <a href="/wiki/Paramagnetisme" title="Paramagnetisme">paramagnetik</a> di atas suhu 80 K.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> Erbium dapat membentuk gugus atom Er3N yang berbentuk baling-baling, dimana jarak antar atom erbium adalah 0,35 nm. Gugus tersebut dapat diisolasi dengan membungkusnya menjadi molekul <a href="/wiki/Fulerena" title="Fulerena">fulerena</a>, sebagaimana yang dikonfirmasi oleh <a href="/wiki/Mikroskop_transmisi_elektron" title="Mikroskop transmisi elektron">mikroskop transmisi elektron</a>.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> Seperti kebanyakan unsur tanah jarang lainnya, erbium biasanya ditemukan dalam <a href="/wiki/Bilangan_oksidasi" title="Bilangan oksidasi">keadaan oksidasi</a> +3. Namun, erbium juga mungkin ditemukan dalam keadaan oksidasi 0, +1 dan +2. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sifat_kimia">Sifat kimia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Erbium&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Sifat kimia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erbium&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sifat kimia">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Logam erbium dapat mempertahankan kilaunya di udara kering, namun ia akan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Noda_(kimia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Noda (kimia) (halaman belum tersedia)">ternoda</a> perlahan di udara lembap dan mudah terbakar untuk membentuk <a href="/wiki/Erbium(III)_oksida" title="Erbium(III) oksida">erbium(III) oksida</a>:<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> <dl><dd>4 Er + 3 O2 → 2 Er2O3</dd></dl> Erbium bersifat cukup elektropositif dan akan bereaksi secara lambat dengan air dingin dan cukup cepat dengan air panas untuk membentuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erbium(III)_hidroksida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erbium(III) hidroksida (halaman belum tersedia)">erbium(III) hidroksida</a>:<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> <dl><dd>2 Er (s) + 6 H2O (l) → 2 Er(OH)3 (aq) + 3 H2 (g)</dd></dl> Logam erbium dapat bereaksi dengan semua <a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">halogen</a>:<a href="#cite_note-Webelements-10">[10]</a> <dl><dd>2 Er (s) + 3 F2 (g) → 2 ErF3 (s) [merah muda]</dd> <dd>2 Er (s) + 3 Cl2 (g) → 2 ErCl3 (s) [lembayung]</dd> <dd>2 Er (s) + 3 Br2 (g) → 2 ErBr3 (s) [lembayung]</dd> <dd>2 Er (s) + 3 I2 (g) → 2 ErI3 (s) [lembayung]</dd></dl> Erbium mudah larut dalam <a href="/wiki/Asam_sulfat" title="Asam sulfat">asam sulfat</a> encer untuk membentuk larutan yang mengandung ion Er(III) terhidrasi, yang eksis sebagai kompleks hidrasi [Er(OH2)9]3+ berwarna merah mawar:<a href="#cite_note-Webelements-10">[10]</a> <dl><dd>2 Er (s) + 3 H2SO4 (aq) → 2 Er3+ (aq) + 3 SO2−4 (aq) + 3 H2 (g)</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Isotop">Isotop</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Erbium&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Isotop" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erbium&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Isotop">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Isotop_erbium" title="Isotop erbium">Isotop erbium</a></div> Erbium alami terdiri dari 6 <a href="/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop">isotop</a> stabil, 162Er, 164Er, 166Er, 167Er, 168Er, dan 170Er, dengan 166Er menjadi yang paling melimpah (33,503% <a href="/wiki/Kelimpahan_alami_unsur" title="Kelimpahan alami unsur">kelimpahan alami</a>). 29 <a href="/wiki/Radionuklida" title="Radionuklida">radioisotop</a> telah dikarakterisasi, dengan yang paling stabil adalah 169Er dengan <a href="/wiki/Waktu_paruh" title="Waktu paruh">waktu paruh</a> 9,4 hari, 172Er dengan waktu paruh 49,3 jam, 160Er dengan waktu paruh 28,58 jam, 165Er dengan waktu paruh 10,36 jam, dan 171Er dengan waktu paruh 7,516 jam. Semua isotop <a href="/wiki/Peluruhan_radioaktif" title="Peluruhan radioaktif">radioaktif</a> yang tersisa memiliki waktu paruh kurang dari 3,5 jam, dan sebagian besar memiliki waktu paruh kurang dari dari 4 menit. Unsur ini juga memiliki 13 <a href="/wiki/Isomer_nuklir#Isomer_metastabil" title="Isomer nuklir">keadaan meta</a>, dengan yang paling stabil adalah 167mEr dengan waktu paruh 2,269 detik.<a href="#cite_note-NUBASE-11">[11]</a> Isotop erbium berkisar dalam <a href="/wiki/Massa_atom_relatif" title="Massa atom relatif">berat atom</a> mulai dari 142,9663 <a href="/wiki/Unified_atomic_mass_unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Unified atomic mass unit">u</a> (143Er) hingga 176,9541 u (177Er). <a href="/wiki/Peluruhan_radioaktif#Mode_peluruhan" title="Peluruhan radioaktif">Mode peluruhan</a> utama sebelum isotop stabil yang paling melimpah, 166Er, adalah <a href="/wiki/Tangkapan_elektron" title="Tangkapan elektron">penangkapan elektron</a>, dan mode utama setelahnya adalah <a href="/wiki/Peluruhan_beta" title="Peluruhan beta">peluruhan beta</a>. <a href="/wiki/Produk_peluruhan" title="Produk peluruhan">Produk peluruhan</a> primer sebelum 166Er adalah isotop unsur 67 (<a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium">holmium</a>), dan produk primer setelahnya adalah isotop unsur 69 (<a href="/wiki/Tulium" title="Tulium">tulium</a>).<a href="#cite_note-NUBASE-11">[11]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Senyawa">Senyawa</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Erbium&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Senyawa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erbium&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Senyawa">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Senyawa_erbium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senyawa erbium (halaman belum tersedia)">Senyawa erbium</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oksida">Oksida</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Erbium&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Oksida" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erbium&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Oksida">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:ErOPulver.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/ErOPulver.jpg/220px-ErOPulver.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/ErOPulver.jpg/330px-ErOPulver.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/ErOPulver.jpg/440px-ErOPulver.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2049" data-file-height="1329" /></a><figcaption>Bubuk erbium(III) oksida</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Erbium(III)_oksida" title="Erbium(III) oksida">Erbium(III) oksida</a> (juga dikenal sebagai erbia) adalah satu-satunya oksida erbium yang diketahui, pertama kali diisolasi oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Gustaf_Mosander&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl Gustaf Mosander (halaman belum tersedia)">Carl G. Mosander</a> pada tahun 1843, dan pertama kali diperoleh dalam bentuk murni pada tahun 1905 oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Urbain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georges Urbain (halaman belum tersedia)">Georges Urbain</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_James_(kimiawan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles James (kimiawan) (halaman belum tersedia)">Charles James</a>.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> Ia memiliki struktur <a href="/wiki/Sistem_kristal_kubik" title="Sistem kristal kubik">kubus</a> yang menyerupai motif <a href="/w/index.php?title=Biksbyit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biksbyit (halaman belum tersedia)">biksbyit</a>. Pusat Er3+ berbentuk oktahedron.<a href="#cite_note-CR-13">[13]</a> Pembentukan erbium oksida dilakukan dengan membakar logam erbium.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> Erbium oksida tidak larut dalam air tetapi larut dalam asam mineral. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Halida">Halida</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Erbium&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Halida" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erbium&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Halida">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Erbium(III)chloride_sunlight.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Erbium%28III%29chloride_sunlight.jpg/220px-Erbium%28III%29chloride_sunlight.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/Erbium%28III%29chloride_sunlight.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="240" /></a><figcaption>Erbium(III) klorida hidrat</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Erbium(III)_fluorida" title="Erbium(III) fluorida">Erbium(III) fluorida</a> adalah bubuk berwarna merah muda<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> yang dapat dihasilkan dengan mereaksikan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erbium(III)_nitrat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erbium(III) nitrat (halaman belum tersedia)">erbium(III) nitrat</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Amonium_fluorida" title="Amonium fluorida">amonium fluorida</a>.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> Ia dapat digunakan untuk membuat bahan pemancar cahaya inframerah<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> dan bahan luminesen peningkat kualitas.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> <a href="/wiki/Erbium(III)_klorida" title="Erbium(III) klorida">Erbium(III) klorida</a> adalah senyawa berwarna lembayung yang dapat dibentuk dengan terlebih dahulu memanaskan erbium(III) oksida dan <a href="/wiki/Amonium_klorida" title="Amonium klorida">amonium klorida</a> untuk menghasilkan garam <a href="/wiki/Amonium" title="Amonium">amonium</a> dari pentakloridanya ([NH4]2ErCl5) kemudian memanaskannya dalam ruang hampa pada suhu 350–400 °C.<a href="#cite_note-Brauer-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-IS-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-EdelmannPoremba1997-21">[21]</a> Ia akan membentuk kristal jenis <a href="/wiki/Aluminium_klorida" title="Aluminium klorida">AlCl 3</a>, dengan kristal <a href="/wiki/Sistem_kristal_monoklinik" title="Sistem kristal monoklinik">monoklinik</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Grup_titik" title="Grup titik">grup titik</a> C2/m.<a href="#cite_note-Tempelton-22">[22]</a> Erbium(III) klorida heksahidrat akan juga membentuk kristal monoklinik dengan grup titik P2/n (P2/c) - C42h. Dalam senyawa ini, erbium akan berkoordinasi dengan 8 ligan untuk membentuk ion [Er(H 2O) 6Cl 2]+ dengan Cl− terisolasi yang melengkapi strukturnya.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> <a href="/wiki/Erbium(III)_bromida" title="Erbium(III) bromida">Erbium(III) bromida</a> adalah sebuah padatan berwarna lembayung. Ia digunakan, seperti senyawa logam bromida lainnya, dalam pengolahan air, analisis kimia, dan untuk aplikasi pertumbuhan kristal tertentu.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> <a href="/wiki/Erbium(III)_iodida" title="Erbium(III) iodida">Erbium(III) iodida</a><a href="#cite_note-Taylor_&_Francis_-_Handbook_of_Inorganic_Compounds,_2011_-_p_163-25">[25]</a> adalah senyawa berwarna agak merah muda yang tidak larut dalam air. Ia dapat dibuat dengan mereaksikan erbium secara langsung dengan <a href="/wiki/Iodin" title="Iodin">iodin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Senyawa_organoerbium">Senyawa organoerbium</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Erbium&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Senyawa organoerbium" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erbium&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Senyawa organoerbium">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_organolantanida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimia organolantanida (halaman belum tersedia)">Kimia organolantanida</a></div> Senyawa organoerbium sangat mirip <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_organolantanida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimia organolantanida (halaman belum tersedia)">dengan lantanida lainnya</a>, karena mereka semua memiliki ketidakmampuan untuk menjalani <a href="/wiki/Pengikatan_balik_%CF%80" title="Pengikatan balik π">pengikatan balik π</a>. Dengan demikian, mereka sebagian besar terbatas hanya pada sebagian besar <a href="/wiki/Anion_siklopentadienil" class="mw-redirect" title="Anion siklopentadienil">siklopentadienida</a> ionik (isostruktural dengan lantanum) serta alkil dan aril sederhana yang berikatan-σ, beberapa di antaranya mungkin polimerik.<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood1248-27">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah">Sejarah</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Erbium&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bagian: Sejarah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erbium&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sejarah">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Mosander_Carl_Gustav_bw.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Mosander_Carl_Gustav_bw.jpg/220px-Mosander_Carl_Gustav_bw.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Mosander_Carl_Gustav_bw.jpg/330px-Mosander_Carl_Gustav_bw.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Mosander_Carl_Gustav_bw.jpg/440px-Mosander_Carl_Gustav_bw.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1560" data-file-height="1902" /></a><figcaption>Carl Gustaf Mosander, ilmuwan yang menemukan erbium, terbium, dan lantanum.</figcaption></figure> Erbium (dari <a href="/wiki/Ytterby" title="Ytterby">Ytterby</a>, sebuah desa di <a href="/wiki/Swedia" title="Swedia">Swedia</a>) <a href="/wiki/Penemuan_unsur_kimia" title="Penemuan unsur kimia">ditemukan</a> oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Gustaf_Mosander&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl Gustaf Mosander (halaman belum tersedia)">Carl Gustaf Mosander</a> pada tahun 1843.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> Mosander bekerja dengan sampel yang dianggap sebagai oksida logam tunggal <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium(III)_oksida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Itrium(III) oksida (halaman belum tersedia)">itria</a>, yang berasal dari mineral <a href="/wiki/Gadolinit" title="Gadolinit">gadolinit</a>. Dia menemukan bahwa sampel tersebut mengandung setidaknya dua oksida logam selain itria murni, yang dia beri nama "<a href="/wiki/Erbium(III)_oksida" title="Erbium(III) oksida">erbia</a>" dan "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Terbium(III)_oksida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terbium(III) oksida (halaman belum tersedia)">terbia</a>" dari desa Ytterby tempat gadolinit ditemukan. Mosander tidak yakin dengan kemurnian oksida tersebut dan tes selanjutnya mengonfirmasi ketidakpastiannya. "Itria" tidak hanya mengandung itrium, erbium, dan terbium; pada tahun-tahun berikutnya, kimiawan, ahli geologi, dan ahli spektroskopi menemukan lima unsur tambahan: <a href="/wiki/Iterbium" title="Iterbium">iterbium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skandium" title="Skandium">skandium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tulium" title="Tulium">tulium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium">holmium</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">gadolinium</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Weeks-29">[29]</a>:701<a href="#cite_note-XVI-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-Beginnings-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-Virginia-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-RSErbium-34">[34]</a> Namun, erbia dan terbia dirancukan pada saat itu. Seorang ahli spektroskopi secara keliru mengganti nama kedua unsur tersebut selama spektroskopi. Setelah tahun 1860, terbia berganti nama menjadi erbia, dan setelah tahun 1877 apa yang dikenal sebagai erbia berganti nama menjadi terbia. Er2<a href="/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen">O</a>3 yang cukup murni diisolasi secara independen pada tahun 1905 oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Urbain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georges Urbain (halaman belum tersedia)">Georges Urbain</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_James_(kimiawan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles James (kimiawan) (halaman belum tersedia)">Charles James</a>. Logam erbium yang cukup murni baru diproduksi pada tahun 1934 ketika <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Klemm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilhelm Klemm (halaman belum tersedia)">Wilhelm Klemm</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_Bommer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heinrich Bommer (halaman belum tersedia)">Heinrich Bommer</a> mereduksi <a href="/wiki/Klorida" title="Klorida">klorida</a> <a href="/wiki/Anhidrat" title="Anhidrat">anhidrat</a> dengan uap <a href="/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium">kalium</a>.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> Baru pada tahun 1990-an harga erbium oksida turunan Tiongkok turun menjadi cukup rendah sehingga erbium dapat dipertimbangkan untuk digunakan sebagai pewarna dalam kaca seni.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Keterjadian">Keterjadian</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Erbium&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bagian: Keterjadian" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erbium&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Keterjadian">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:MonaziteUSGOV.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/MonaziteUSGOV.jpg/220px-MonaziteUSGOV.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/MonaziteUSGOV.jpg/330px-MonaziteUSGOV.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/MonaziteUSGOV.jpg 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="270" /></a><figcaption>Pasir monasit</figcaption></figure> Konsentrasi erbium di kerak Bumi ialah sekitar 2,8 mg/kg dan di air laut ialah 0,9 ng/L.<a href="#cite_note-patnaik-37">[37]</a> Erbium adalah unsur paling <a href="/wiki/Kelimpahan_unsur_di_kerak_Bumi" title="Kelimpahan unsur di kerak Bumi">melimpah ke-44 di kerak Bumi</a>, sekitar 3,0–3,8 ppm. Seperti unsur tanah jarang lainnya, unsur ini tidak pernah ditemukan sebagai unsur bebas di alam tetapi ditemukan terikat dalam bijih pasir <a href="/wiki/Monasit" title="Monasit">monasit</a>. Secara historis, pemisahan unsur tanah jarang yang satu dengan yang lain dari bijih mereka sangatlah sulit dan mahal, tetapi metode kromatografi <a href="/wiki/Pertukaran_ion" title="Pertukaran ion">penukar ion</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> yang dikembangkan pada akhir abad ke-20 telah sangat menurunkan biaya produksi semua unsur tanah jarang dan <a href="/wiki/Senyawa_kimia" title="Senyawa kimia">senyawa kimianya</a>. Sumber komersial utama erbium berasal dari mineral <a href="/wiki/Xenotim" title="Xenotim">xenotim</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Euksenit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Euksenit (halaman belum tersedia)">euksenit</a>, dan yang terbaru, lempung adsorpsi ion di Tiongkok selatan; akibatnya, Tiongkok kini telah menjadi pemasok erbium global yang paling utama.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> Dalam versi tinggi itrium dari beberapa konsentrat bijih ini, itrium adalah sekitar dua pertiga dari berat total, dan erbia sekitar 4–5%. Ketika konsentrat dilarutkan dalam asam, erbia akan membebaskan ion erbium yang cukup untuk memberikan warna merah muda yang berbeda dan khas pada larutan. Perilaku warna ini mirip dengan apa yang dilihat Mosander dan pekerja awal yang berhubungan dengan lantanida lainnya dalam ekstrak mereka dari mineral gadolinit. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Produksi">Produksi</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Erbium&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Sunting bagian: Produksi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erbium&action=edit&section=11" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Produksi">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Mineral yang dihancurkan akan diserang oleh asam klorida atau <a href="/wiki/Asam_sulfat" title="Asam sulfat">sulfat</a> yang mengubah oksida tanah jarang yang tidak larut menjadi klorida atau sulfat yang larut. Filtrat asam sebagian dinetralkan dengan <a href="/wiki/Natrium_hidroksida" title="Natrium hidroksida">soda kaustik</a> hingga pH 3–4. <a href="/wiki/Torium" title="Torium">Torium</a> akan mengendap dari larutan sebagai hidroksida dan kemudian dihilangkan. Setelah itu, larutan diperlakukan dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amonium_oksalat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amonium oksalat (halaman belum tersedia)">amonium oksalat</a> untuk mengubah tanah jarang menjadi <a href="/wiki/Oksalat" title="Oksalat">oksalat</a> mereka masing-masing yang tidak larut. Oksalat tersebut diubah menjadi oksida melalui <a href="/wiki/Penganilan" title="Penganilan">penganilan</a>. Oksida tersebut kemudian dilarutkan dalam <a href="/wiki/Asam_nitrat" title="Asam nitrat">asam nitrat</a> yang mengecualikan salah satu komponen utama, <a href="/wiki/Serium" title="Serium">serium</a>, yang oksidanya tidak larut dalam HNO3. Larutannya kemudian diperlakukan dengan <a href="/wiki/Magnesium_nitrat" title="Magnesium nitrat">magnesium nitrat</a> untuk menghasilkan campuran <a href="/wiki/Garam_ganda" title="Garam ganda">garam ganda</a> logam tanah jarang yang mengkristal. Garam itu dipisahkan dengan <a href="/wiki/Pertukaran_ion" title="Pertukaran ion">pertukaran ion</a>. Dalam proses ini, ion tanah jarang diserap ke dalam resin penukar ion yang sesuai melalui pertukaran dengan ion hidrogen, amonium, atau tembaga yang ada dalam resin. Ion tanah jarang kemudian dicuci secara selektif oleh zat pengompleks yang sesuai.<a href="#cite_note-patnaik-37">[37]</a> Logam erbium diperoleh dari oksida atau garamnya dengan memanaskannya dengan <a href="/wiki/Kalsium" title="Kalsium">kalsium</a> pada suhu 1450 °C di bawah atmosfer argon.<a href="#cite_note-patnaik-37">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aplikasi">Aplikasi</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Erbium&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Sunting bagian: Aplikasi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erbium&action=edit&section=12" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Aplikasi">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Erbium-glass.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Erbium-glass.jpg/220px-Erbium-glass.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Erbium-glass.jpg/330px-Erbium-glass.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Erbium-glass.jpg/440px-Erbium-glass.jpg 2x" data-file-width="596" data-file-height="596" /></a><figcaption>Kaca berwarna erbium</figcaption></figure> Penggunaan sehari-hari erbium bervariasi. Ia biasanya digunakan sebagai <a href="/wiki/Filter_fotografik" class="mw-redirect" title="Filter fotografik">filter fotografi</a>,<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> dan karena ketahanannya, ia berguna sebagai aditif metalurgi. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Laser_dan_optika">Laser dan optika</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Erbium&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Sunting bagian: Laser dan optika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erbium&action=edit&section=13" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Laser dan optika">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Berbagai macam aplikasi medis (misalnya dermatologi dan kedokteran gigi) memanfaatkan emisi ion erbium 2940 nm (lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Laser_Er:YAG&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laser Er:YAG (halaman belum tersedia)">laser Er:YAG</a>), yang sangat terabsorpsi dalam air (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Koefisien_atenuasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koefisien atenuasi (halaman belum tersedia)">koefisien absorpsinya</a> sekitar 12.000/cm). Deposisi energi laser jaringan yang dangkal seperti itu diperlukan untuk bedah laser, dan produksi uap yang efisien untuk ablasi enamel laser dalam kedokteran gigi.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> <a href="/wiki/Serat_optik" title="Serat optik">Serat kaca silika optik</a> yang didoping erbium adalah unsur aktif dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penguat_optik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penguat optik (halaman belum tersedia)">penguat serat yang didoping erbium</a> (EDFA), yang banyak digunakan dalam <a href="/wiki/Komunikasi_optik" title="Komunikasi optik">komunikasi optik</a>.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> Serat yang sama dapat digunakan untuk membuat <a href="/wiki/Laser" title="Laser">laser</a> serat. Agar dapat bekerja secara efisien, serat yang didoping erbium biasanya dikodoping dengan pengubah/homogenisator kaca, seringkali aluminium atau fosforus. Dopan ini membantu mencegah pengelompokan ion erbium dan dapat mentransfer energi secara lebih efisien antara cahaya eksitasi (juga dikenal sebagai pompa optik) dan sinyal. Kodoping serat optik dengan Er dan Yb digunakan dalam laser serat Er/Yb berdaya tinggi. Erbium juga dapat digunakan dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penguat_pandu_gelombang_yang_didoping_erbium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penguat pandu gelombang yang didoping erbium (halaman belum tersedia)">penguat pandu gelombang yang didoping erbium</a>.<a href="#cite_note-emsley-5">[5]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aplikasi_lainnya">Aplikasi lainnya</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Erbium&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Sunting bagian: Aplikasi lainnya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erbium&action=edit&section=14" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Aplikasi lainnya">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Ketika ditambahkan pada <a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">vanadium</a> sebagai <a href="/wiki/Logam_paduan" title="Logam paduan">paduan</a>, erbium akan menurunkan kekerasan dan meningkatkan kemampuan kerja.<a href="#cite_note-CRC-43">[43]</a> Paduan erbium–<a href="/wiki/Nikel" title="Nikel">nikel</a> Er3Ni memiliki kapasitas panas spesifik yang luar biasa tinggi pada suhu helium cair dan digunakan dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendingin_krio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pendingin krio (halaman belum tersedia)">pendingin krio</a>; campuran 65% Er3<a href="/wiki/Kobalt" title="Kobalt">Co</a> dan 35% Er0,9<a href="/wiki/Iterbium" title="Iterbium">Yb</a>0,1Ni akan meningkatkan kapasitas panas spesifik lebih banyak lagi.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> <a href="/wiki/Erbium(III)_oksida" title="Erbium(III) oksida">Erbium oksida</a> memiliki warna merah muda, dan terkadang digunakan sebagai pewarna <a href="/wiki/Kaca" title="Kaca">kaca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zirkonia_kubik" title="Zirkonia kubik">zirkonia kubik</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Porselen" title="Porselen">porselen</a>. Kaca tersebut kemudian sering digunakan dalam <a href="/wiki/Kacamata_hitam" title="Kacamata hitam">kacamata hitam</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Perhiasan" title="Perhiasan">perhiasan</a> murah.<a href="#cite_note-CRC-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-Stwertka-46">[46]</a> Erbium digunakan dalam teknologi <a href="/wiki/Tenaga_nuklir" title="Tenaga nuklir">nuklir</a> dalam <a href="/wiki/Batang_kendali_(reaktor_nuklir)" title="Batang kendali (reaktor nuklir)">batang kendali</a> penyerap neutron<a href="#cite_note-emsley-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> atau sebagai <a href="/wiki/Racun_neutron" title="Racun neutron">racun yang dapat dibakar</a> dalam desain bahan bakar nuklir.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> Baru-baru ini, erbium telah digunakan dalam percobaan yang berkaitan dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fusi_kurungan_kisi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fusi kurungan kisi (halaman belum tersedia)">fusi kurungan kisi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Peran_biologis_dan_pencegahan">Peran biologis dan pencegahan</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Erbium&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Sunting bagian: Peran biologis dan pencegahan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erbium&action=edit&section=15" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Peran biologis dan pencegahan">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Erbium tidak memiliki peran biologis, tetapi garam erbium dapat merangsang <a href="/wiki/Metabolisme" title="Metabolisme">metabolisme</a>. Manusia rata-rata mengonsumsi 1 miligram erbium per tahun. Konsentrasi erbium tertinggi pada manusia berada di <a href="/wiki/Tulang" title="Tulang">tulang</a>, tetapi ada juga erbium di <a href="/wiki/Ginjal" title="Ginjal">ginjal</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Hati" title="Hati">hati</a> manusia.<a href="#cite_note-emsley-5">[5]</a> Erbium sedikit beracun jika tertelan, tetapi senyawa erbium tidak beracun.<a href="#cite_note-emsley-5">[5]</a> Erbium metalik dalam bentuk debu menghadirkan bahaya kebakaran dan ledakan.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Erbium&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erbium&action=edit&section=16" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> (Indonesia) <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/erbium">"Erbium"</a>. KBBI Daring. Diakses tanggal 17 Juli 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KBBI+Daring&rft.atitle=Erbium&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkbbi.kemdikbud.go.id%2Fentri%2Ferbium&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AErbium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Cloke1993-2"><a href="#cite_ref-Cloke1993_2-0">^</a> Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see <cite class="citation journal">Cloke, F. Geoffrey N. (1993). "Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides". Chem. Soc. Rev. 22: 17–24. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1039%2FCS9932200017">10.1039/CS9932200017</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chem.+Soc.+Rev.&rft.atitle=Zero+Oxidation+State+Compounds+of+Scandium%2C+Yttrium%2C+and+the+Lanthanides&rft.volume=22&rft.pages=17-24&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1039%2FCS9932200017&rft.aulast=Cloke&rft.aufirst=F.+Geoffrey+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AErbium" class="Z3988">  and <cite class="citation journal">Arnold, Polly L.; Petrukhina, Marina A.; Bochenkov, Vladimir E.; Shabatina, Tatyana I.; Zagorskii, Vyacheslav V.; Cloke (2003-12-15). "Arene complexation of Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb atoms: a variable temperature spectroscopic investigation". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 688 (1–2): 49–55. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jorganchem.2003.08.028">10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Organometallic+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Arene+complexation+of+Sm%2C+Eu%2C+Tm+and+Yb+atoms%3A+a+variable+temperature+spectroscopic+investigation&rft.volume=688&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=49-55&rft.date=2003-12-15&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jorganchem.2003.08.028&rft.aulast=Arnold&rft.aufirst=Polly+L.&rft.au=Petrukhina%2C+Marina+A.&rft.au=Bochenkov%2C+Vladimir+E.&rft.au=Shabatina%2C+Tatyana+I.&rft.au=Zagorskii%2C+Vyacheslav+V.&rft.au=Cloke&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AErbium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. hlm. E110. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-8493-0464-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-8493-0464-4">0-8493-0464-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CRC%2C+Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.place=Boca+Raton%2C+Florida&rft.pages=E110&rft.pub=Chemical+Rubber+Company+Publishing&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0-8493-0464-4&rft.aulast=Weast&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AErbium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Humpidge, J. S.; Burney, W. (1 Januari 1879). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/1879/ct/ct8793500111">"XIV.—On erbium and yttrium"</a>. Journal of the Chemical Society, Transactions (dalam bahasa Inggris). 35: 111–117. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1039%2FCT8793500111">10.1039/CT8793500111</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0368-1645">0368-1645</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Chemical+Society%2C+Transactions&rft.atitle=XIV.%E2%80%94On+erbium+and+yttrium&rft.volume=35&rft.pages=111-117&rft.date=1879-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1039%2FCT8793500111&rft.issn=0368-1645&rft.aulast=Humpidge&rft.aufirst=J.+S.&rft.au=Burney%2C+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubs.rsc.org%2Fen%2Fcontent%2Farticlelanding%2F1879%2Fct%2Fct8793500111&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AErbium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-emsley-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-emsley_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-emsley_5-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-emsley_5-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-emsley_5-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-emsley_5-4">e</a> <cite class="citation book">Emsley, John (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=j-Xu07p3cKwC">"Erbium"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/naturesbuildingb0000emsl/page/136">Nature's Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements</a>. Oxford, Inggris, UK: Oxford University Press. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/naturesbuildingb0000emsl/page/136">136–139</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-850340-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-850340-8">978-0-19-850340-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Erbium&rft.btitle=Nature%27s+Building+Blocks%3A+An+A-Z+Guide+to+the+Elements&rft.place=Oxford%2C+Inggris%2C+UK&rft.pages=136-139&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-850340-8&rft.aulast=Emsley&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dj-Xu07p3cKwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AErbium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Jackson, M. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170712151422/http://www.irm.umn.edu/quarterly/irmq10-3.pdf">"Magnetism of Rare Earth"</a> (PDF). The IRM Quarterly. 10 (3): 1. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irm.umn.edu/quarterly/irmq10-3.pdf">versi asli</a> (PDF) tanggal 12 Juli 2017. Diakses tanggal 18 Juni 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+IRM+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Magnetism+of+Rare+Earth&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=1&rft.date=2000&rft.au=Jackson%2C+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irm.umn.edu%2Fquarterly%2Firmq10-3.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AErbium" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Sato, Yuta; Suenaga, Kazu; Okubo, Shingo; Okazaki, Toshiya; Iijima, Sumio (2007). "Structures of D5d-C80 and Ih-Er3N@C80 Fullerenes and Their Rotation Inside Carbon Nanotubes Demonstrated by Aberration-Corrected Electron Microscopy". Nano Letters. 7 (12): 3704. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007NanoL...7.3704S">2007NanoL...7.3704S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fnl0720152">10.1021/nl0720152</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nano+Letters&rft.atitle=Structures+of+D%3Csub%3E5%3C%2Fsub%3E%3Csub%3Ed%3C%2Fsub%3E-C%3Csub%3E80%3C%2Fsub%3E+and+I%3Csub%3Eh%3C%2Fsub%3E-Er%3Csub%3E3%3C%2Fsub%3EN%40C%3Csub%3E80%3C%2Fsub%3E+Fullerenes+and+Their+Rotation+Inside+Carbon+Nanotubes+Demonstrated+by+Aberration-Corrected+Electron+Microscopy&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=3704&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fnl0720152&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2007NanoL...7.3704S&rft.aulast=Sato&rft.aufirst=Yuta&rft.au=Suenaga%2C+Kazu&rft.au=Okubo%2C+Shingo&rft.au=Okazaki%2C+Toshiya&rft.au=Iijima%2C+Sumio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AErbium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Emsley, John (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/naturesbuildingb0000emsl/page/136">"Erbium" Nature's Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to Elements</a>. Oxford, Inggris, UK: Oxford University Press. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/naturesbuildingb0000emsl/page/136">136–139</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-850340-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-850340-8">978-0-19-850340-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22Erbium%22+Nature%27s+Building+Blocks%3A+An+A-Z+Guide+to+Elements.&rft.place=Oxford%2C+Inggris%2C+UK&rft.pages=136-139&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-850340-8&rft.aulast=Emsley&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnaturesbuildingb0000emsl%2Fpage%2F136&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AErbium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0957-4484/19/18/185606/meta">[1]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Webelements-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Webelements_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Webelements_10-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webelements.com/erbium/chemistry.html">"Chemical reactions of Erbium"</a>. 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Nuclear Physics A. 729 (1): 3–128. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003NuPhA.729....3A">2003NuPhA.729....3A</a>. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX" title="CiteSeerX">CiteSeerX</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.692.8504">10.1.1.692.8504</a> <img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.nuclphysa.2003.11.001">10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nuclear+Physics+A&rft.atitle=The+NUBASE+Evaluation+of+Nuclear+and+Decay+Properties&rft.volume=729&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=3-128&rft.date=2003&rft_id=%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.692.8504&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.nuclphysa.2003.11.001&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2003NuPhA.729....3A&rft.aulast=Audi&rft.aufirst=Georges&rft.au=Bersillon%2C+Olivier&rft.au=Blachot%2C+Jean&rft.au=Wapstra%2C+Aaldert+Hendrik&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhal.in2p3.fr%2Fin2p3-00014184&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AErbium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Aaron John Ihde (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=34KwmkU4LG0C&pg=PA377">The development of modern chemistry</a>. 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Diakses tanggal 18 Juni 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Materials+Chemistry+C&rft.atitle=Facile+synthesis+and+enhancement+upconversion+luminescence+of+ErF3+nano%2Fmicrostructures+via+Li%2B+doping&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=15&rft.pages=2765&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1039%2Fc3tc32540g&rft.issn=2050-7526&rft.au=Linna+Guo%2C+Yuhua+Wang%2C+Zehua+Zou%2C+Bing+Wang%2C+Xiaoxia+Guo%2C+Lili+Han%2C+Wei+Zeng&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fxlink.rsc.org%2F%3FDOI%3Dc3tc32540g&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AErbium" class="Z3988"> Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> 苏伟涛, 李斌, 刘定权,等. 氟化铒薄膜晶体结构与红外光学性能的关系[J]. 物理学报, 2007, 56(5):2541-2546. </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Yingxin Hao, Shichao Lv, Zhijun Ma, Jianrong Qiu (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9079277">"Understanding differences in Er 3+ –Yb 3+ codoped glass and glass ceramic based on upconversion luminescence for optical thermometry"</a>. RSC Advances (dalam bahasa Inggris). 8 (22): 12165–12172. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018RSCAd...812165H">2018RSCAd...812165H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1039%2FC8RA01245H">10.1039/C8RA01245H</a> <img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/2046-2069">2046-2069</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9079277">9079277</a> <img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /> Periksa nilai <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|pmc=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#bad_pmc" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>). <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35539388">35539388</a> Periksa nilai <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|pmid=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#bad_pmid" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RSC+Advances&rft.atitle=Understanding+differences+in+Er+3%2B+%E2%80%93Yb+3%2B+codoped+glass+and+glass+ceramic+based+on+upconversion+luminescence+for+optical+thermometry&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=22&rft.pages=12165-12172&rft.date=2018&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9079277&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2018RSCAd...812165H&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F35539388&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1039%2FC8RA01245H&rft.issn=2046-2069&rft.au=Yingxin+Hao%2C+Shichao+Lv%2C+Zhijun+Ma%2C+Jianrong+Qiu&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9079277&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AErbium" class="Z3988"> Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Brauer-19"><a href="#cite_ref-Brauer_19-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Brauer, G., ed. 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American Elements (dalam bahasa Inggris). 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Diakses tanggal 18 Juni 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Inorganic+Compounds&rft.pages=163&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781439814628&rft.aulast=Perry&rft.aufirst=Dale+L&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSFD30BvPBhoC%26q%3D%2522Erbium%2BBoride%2522%26pg%3DPA163&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AErbium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Elements, American. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanelements.com/erbium-iodide-13813-42-8">"Erbium Iodide"</a>. American Elements (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 18 Juni 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Elements&rft.atitle=Erbium+Iodide&rft.aulast=Elements&rft.aufirst=American&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanelements.com%2Ferbium-iodide-13813-42-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AErbium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Greenwood1248-27"><a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood1248_27-0">^</a> Greenwood and Earnshaw, hlm. 1248–9 </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Mosander, C. G. (1843). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CJEOAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA241">"On the new metals, Lanthanium and Didymium, which are associated with Cerium; and on Erbium and Terbium, new metals associated with Yttria"</a>. Philosophical Magazine. 23 (152): 241–254. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14786444308644728">10.1080/14786444308644728</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philosophical+Magazine&rft.atitle=On+the+new+metals%2C+Lanthanium+and+Didymium%2C+which+are+associated+with+Cerium%3B+and+on+Erbium+and+Terbium%2C+new+metals+associated+with+Yttria&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=152&rft.pages=241-254&rft.date=1843&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14786444308644728&rft.au=Mosander%2C+C.+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCJEOAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA241&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AErbium" class="Z3988">  Catatan: Bagian pertama dari artikel ini, yang TIDAK berhubungan dengan erbium, adalah terjemahan dari: C. G. Mosander (1842) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XK4tAAAAcAAJ&pg=387">"Något om Cer och Lanthan"</a> [Beberapa (berita) mengenai serium dan lantanum], <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konferensi_Ilmuwan_Skandinavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konferensi Ilmuwan Skandinavia (halaman belum tersedia)">Förhandlingar vid de Skandinaviske naturforskarnes tredje möte (Stockholm)</a> [Transaksi Konferensi Ilmuwan Skandinavia Ketiga (Stockholm)], vol. 3, hlm. 387–398. </li> <li id="cite_note-Weeks-29"><a href="#cite_ref-Weeks_29-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Weeks, Mary Elvira (1956). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/discoveryoftheel002045mbp">The discovery of the elements</a> (edisi ke-6). 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(1 Desember 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927776510004443">"Sorption of lanthanum and erbium from aqueous solution by activated carbon prepared from rice husk"</a>. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces (dalam bahasa Inggris). 81 (2): 593–599. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.colsurfb.2010.08.002">10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.08.002</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0927-7765">0927-7765</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20800456">20800456</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Colloids+and+Surfaces+B%3A+Biointerfaces&rft.atitle=Sorption+of+lanthanum+and+erbium+from+aqueous+solution+by+activated+carbon+prepared+from+rice+husk&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=593-599&rft.date=2010-12-01&rft.issn=0927-7765&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20800456&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.colsurfb.2010.08.002&rft.aulast=Awwad&rft.aufirst=N.+S.&rft.au=Gad%2C+H.+M.+H.&rft.au=Ahmad%2C+M.+I.&rft.au=Aly%2C+H.+F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS0927776510004443&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AErbium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFŠulcJelínková2013" class="citation">Šulc, J.; Jelínková, H. (1 Januari 2013), Jelínková, Helena, ed., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780857092373500059">"5 - Solid-state lasers for medical applications"</a>, Lasers for Medical Applications, Woodhead Publishing Series in Electronic and Optical Materials (dalam bahasa Inggris), Woodhead Publishing, hlm. 127–176, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1533%2F9780857097545.2.127">10.1533/9780857097545.2.127</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-85709-237-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-85709-237-3">978-0-85709-237-3</a>, diakses tanggal 18 Juni 2023</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lasers+for+Medical+Applications&rft.atitle=5+-+Solid-state+lasers+for+medical+applications&rft.pages=127-176&rft.date=2013-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1533%2F9780857097545.2.127&rft.isbn=978-0-85709-237-3&rft.aulast=%C5%A0ulc&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.au=Jel%C3%ADnkov%C3%A1%2C+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FB9780857092373500059&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AErbium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Becker, P. C.; Olsson, N. A.; Simpson, J. R. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uAOq75yt5CcC">Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers fundamentals and technology</a>. San Diego: Academic Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-12-084590-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-12-084590-3">978-0-12-084590-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Erbium-doped+fiber+amplifiers+fundamentals+and+technology&rft.place=San+Diego&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-12-084590-3&rft.aulast=Becker&rft.aufirst=P.+C.&rft.au=Olsson%2C+N.+A.&rft.au=Simpson%2C+J.+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuAOq75yt5CcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AErbium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-CRC-43">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CRC_43-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC_43-1">b</a> <cite class="citation book">Hammond, C. R. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/crchandbookofche0000unse_u9i8">The Elements, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</a> (edisi ke-81). CRC press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8493-0481-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8493-0481-1">978-0-8493-0481-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Elements%2C+in+Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.edition=81&rft.pub=CRC+press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-8493-0481-1&rft.aulast=Hammond&rft.aufirst=C.+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcrchandbookofche0000unse_u9i8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AErbium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Kittel, Peter (ed.). Advances in Cryogenic Engineering. 39a.</cite>  </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Ackermann, Robert A. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nIzviZ_-_NsC">Cryogenic Regenerative Heat Exchangers</a>. Springer. hlm. 58. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-306-45449-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-306-45449-3">978-0-306-45449-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cryogenic+Regenerative+Heat+Exchangers&rft.pages=58&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-306-45449-3&rft.aulast=Ackermann&rft.aufirst=Robert+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnIzviZ_-_NsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AErbium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Stwertka-46"><a href="#cite_ref-Stwertka_46-0">^</a> Stwertka, Albert. A Guide to the Elements, Oxford University Press, 1996, hlm. 162. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-19-508083-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-19-508083-1">0-19-508083-1</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Parish, Theodore A.; Khromov, Vyacheslav V.; Carron, Igor, ed. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aamn7uifb3gC">"Use of UraniumErbium and PlutoniumErbium Fuel in RBMK Reactors"</a>. Safety issues associated with Plutonium involvement in the nuclear fuel cycle. CBoston: Kluwer. hlm. 121–125. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-7923-5593-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-7923-5593-9">978-0-7923-5593-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Use+of+UraniumErbium+and+PlutoniumErbium+Fuel+in+RBMK+Reactors&rft.btitle=Safety+issues+associated+with+Plutonium+involvement+in+the+nuclear+fuel+cycle&rft.place=CBoston&rft.pages=121-125&rft.pub=Kluwer&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-7923-5593-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Daamn7uifb3gC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AErbium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Grossbeck, Renier, and Bigelow (September 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc739371/m2/1/high_res_d/820689.pdf">"DEVELOPMENT OF IMPROVED BURNABLE POISONS FOR COMMERCIAL NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS"</a> (PDF). University of North Texas (UNT) digital library.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+North+Texas+%28UNT%29+digital+library&rft.atitle=DEVELOPMENT+OF+IMPROVED+BURNABLE+POISONS+FOR+COMMERCIAL+NUCLEAR+POWER+REACTORS&rft.date=2003-09&rft.au=Grossbeck%2C+Renier%2C+and+Bigelow&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigital.library.unt.edu%2Fark%3A%2F67531%2Fmetadc739371%2Fm2%2F1%2Fhigh_res_d%2F820689.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AErbium" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spectrum.ieee.org/lattice-confinement-fusion">"NASA's New Shortcut to Fusion Power"</a>. 27 Februari 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NASA%27s+New+Shortcut+to+Fusion+Power&rft.date=2022-02-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspectrum.ieee.org%2Flattice-confinement-fusion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AErbium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Steinetz, Bruce M.; Benyo, Theresa L.; Chait, Arnon; Hendricks, Robert C.; Forsley, Lawrence P.; Baramsai, Bayarbadrakh; Ugorowski, Philip B.; Becks, Michael D.; Pines, Vladimir; Pines, Marianna; Martin, Richard E.; Penney, Nicholas; Fralick, Gustave C.; Sandifer, Carl E. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.aps.org/prc/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevC.101.044610">"Novel nuclear reactions observed in bremsstrahlung-irradiated deuterated metals"</a>. Physical Review C. 101 (4): 044610. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020PhRvC.101d4610S">2020PhRvC.101d4610S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevC.101.044610">10.1103/PhysRevC.101.044610</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review+C&rft.atitle=Novel+nuclear+reactions+observed+in+bremsstrahlung-irradiated+deuterated+metals&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=044610&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRevC.101.044610&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2020PhRvC.101d4610S&rft.aulast=Steinetz&rft.aufirst=Bruce+M.&rft.au=Benyo%2C+Theresa+L.&rft.au=Chait%2C+Arnon&rft.au=Hendricks%2C+Robert+C.&rft.au=Forsley%2C+Lawrence+P.&rft.au=Baramsai%2C+Bayarbadrakh&rft.au=Ugorowski%2C+Philip+B.&rft.au=Becks%2C+Michael+D.&rft.au=Pines%2C+Vladimir&rft.au=Pines%2C+Marianna&rft.au=Martin%2C+Richard+E.&rft.au=Penney%2C+Nicholas&rft.au=Fralick%2C+Gustave+C.&rft.au=Sandifer%2C+Carl+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.aps.org%2Fprc%2Fabstract%2F10.1103%2FPhysRevC.101.044610&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AErbium" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Haley, T. J.; Koste, L.; Komesu, N.; Efros, M.; Upham, H. C. (1966). "Pharmacology and toxicology of dysprosium, holmium, and erbium chlorides". Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 8 (1): 37–43. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0041-008x%2866%2990098-6">10.1016/0041-008x(66)90098-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5921895">5921895</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Pharmacology+and+toxicology+of+dysprosium%2C+holmium%2C+and+erbium+chlorides&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=37-43&rft.date=1966&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0041-008x%2866%2990098-6&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F5921895&rft.aulast=Haley&rft.aufirst=T.+J.&rft.au=Koste%2C+L.&rft.au=Komesu%2C+N.&rft.au=Efros%2C+M.&rft.au=Upham%2C+H.+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AErbium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Haley, T. J. (1965). "Pharmacology and toxicology of the rare earth elements". Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 54 (5): 663–70. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fjps.2600540502">10.1002/jps.2600540502</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5321124">5321124</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Pharmaceutical+Sciences&rft.atitle=Pharmacology+and+toxicology+of+the+rare+earth+elements&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=663-70&rft.date=1965&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fjps.2600540502&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F5321124&rft.au=Haley%2C+T.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AErbium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Bruce, D. W.; Hietbrink, B. E.; Dubois, K. P. (1963). "The acute mammalian toxicity of rare earth nitrates and oxides". Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 5 (6): 750–9. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0041-008X%2863%2990067-X">10.1016/0041-008X(63)90067-X</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14082480">14082480</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=The+acute+mammalian+toxicity+of+rare+earth+nitrates+and+oxides&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=750-9&rft.date=1963&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0041-008X%2863%2990067-X&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14082480&rft.aulast=Bruce&rft.aufirst=D.+W.&rft.au=Hietbrink%2C+B.+E.&rft.au=Dubois%2C+K.+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AErbium" class="Z3988">  </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bacaan_lebih_lanjut">Bacaan lebih lanjut</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Erbium&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Sunting bagian: Bacaan lebih lanjut" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erbium&action=edit&section=17" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Bacaan lebih lanjut">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <ul><li>Guide to the Elements – Revised Edition, Albert Stwertka (Oxford University Press; 1998), <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-19-508083-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-19-508083-1">0-19-508083-1</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Erbium&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erbium&action=edit&section=18" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pranala luar">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23035139">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782729"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Erbium" class="extiw" title="commons:Erbium">Erbium</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23035139"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782729"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/37px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/55px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/73px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1089" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Lihat entri <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/erbium" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:erbium">erbium</a> di kamus bebas Wiktionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li>(Inggris) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele068.html">It's Elemental – Erbium</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <table class="navbox collapsible uncollapsed" cellpadding="0" style="table-layout:fixed; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="33" style="padding:0 1em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-collapse navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Tabel_periodik_unsur_kimia" title="Templat:Tabel periodik unsur kimia"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan_Templat:Tabel_periodik_unsur_kimia" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Tabel periodik unsur kimia"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Tabel_periodik_unsur_kimia&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div class="navbar-ct-mini"><a href="/wiki/Tabel_periodik" title="Tabel periodik">Tabel periodik</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Tabel_periodik_(sel_besar)" title="Tabel periodik (sel besar)">(besar)</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="line-height:100%;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali" title="Logam alkali">1</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali_tanah" title="Logam alkali tanah">2</a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_3" title="Unsur golongan 3">3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_4" title="Unsur golongan 4">4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_5" title="Unsur golongan 5">5</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_6" title="Unsur golongan 6">6</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_7" title="Unsur golongan 7">7</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_8" title="Unsur golongan 8">8</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_9" title="Unsur golongan 9">9</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_10" title="Unsur golongan 10">10</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_11" title="Unsur golongan 11">11</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_12" title="Unsur golongan 12">12</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Golongan_boron" title="Golongan boron">13</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Golongan_karbon" title="Golongan karbon">14</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pniktogen" title="Pniktogen">15</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kalkogen" title="Kalkogen">16</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">17</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gas_mulia" title="Gas mulia">18</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_1" title="Unsur periode 1">1</a> </td> <td title="Hidrogen, 1 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">H</a> </td> <td colspan="30"> </td> <td title="Helium, 2 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">He</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_2" title="Unsur periode 2">2</a> </td> <td title="Litium, 3 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Litium" title="Litium">Li</a> </td> <td title="Berilium, 4 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Berilium" title="Berilium">Be</a> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td title="Boron, 5 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Boron" title="Boron">B</a> </td> <td title="Karbon, 6 (polyatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon">C</a> </td> <td title="Nitrogen, 7 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">N</a> </td> <td title="Oksigen, 8 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen">O</a> </td> <td title="Fluorin, 9 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fluorin" title="Fluorin">F</a> </td> <td title="Neon, 10 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Ne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_3" title="Unsur periode 3">3</a> </td> <td title="Natrium, 11 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium">Na</a> </td> <td title="Magnesium, 12 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Mg</a> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td title="Aluminium, 13 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Al</a> </td> <td title="Silikon, 14 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Silikon" title="Silikon">Si</a> </td> <td title="Fosforus, 15 (polyatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fosforus" title="Fosforus">P</a> </td> <td title="Belerang, 16 (polyatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Belerang" title="Belerang">S</a> </td> <td title="Klorin, 17 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Klorin" title="Klorin">Cl</a> </td> <td title="Argon, 18 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_4" title="Unsur periode 4">4</a> </td> <td title="Kalium, 19 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium">K</a> </td> <td title="Kalsium, 20 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kalsium" title="Kalsium">Ca</a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td title="Skandium, 21 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Skandium" title="Skandium">Sc</a> </td> <td title="Titanium, 22 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">Ti</a> </td> <td title="Vanadium, 23 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">V</a> </td> <td title="Kromium, 24 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kromium" title="Kromium">Cr</a> </td> <td title="Mangan, 25 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan">Mn</a> </td> <td title="Besi, 26 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Besi" title="Besi">Fe</a> </td> <td title="Kobalt, 27 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kobalt" title="Kobalt">Co</a> </td> <td title="Nikel, 28 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nikel" title="Nikel">Ni</a> </td> <td title="Tembaga, 29 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tembaga" title="Tembaga">Cu</a> </td> <td title="Seng, 30 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Seng" title="Seng">Zn</a> </td> <td title="Galium, 31 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Galium" title="Galium">Ga</a> </td> <td title="Germanium, 32 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium">Ge</a> </td> <td title="Arsen, 33 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Arsen" title="Arsen">As</a> </td> <td title="Selenium, 34 (polyatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Selenium" title="Selenium">Se</a> </td> <td title="Bromin, 35 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bromin" title="Bromin">Br</a> </td> <td title="Kripton, 36 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kripton" title="Kripton">Kr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_5" title="Unsur periode 5">5</a> </td> <td title="Rubidium, 37 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium">Rb</a> </td> <td title="Stronsium, 38 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Stronsium" title="Stronsium">Sr</a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td title="Itrium, 39 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Itrium" title="Itrium">Y</a> </td> <td title="Zirkonium, 40 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Zirkonium" title="Zirkonium">Zr</a> </td> <td title="Niobium, 41 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">Nb</a> </td> <td title="Molibdenum, 42 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Molibdenum" title="Molibdenum">Mo</a> </td> <td title="Teknesium, 43 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Teknesium" title="Teknesium">Tc</a> </td> <td title="Rutenium, 44 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rutenium" title="Rutenium">Ru</a> </td> <td title="Rodium, 45 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rodium" title="Rodium">Rh</a> </td> <td title="Paladium, 46 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Paladium" title="Paladium">Pd</a> </td> <td title="Perak, 47 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">Ag</a> </td> <td title="Kadmium, 48 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kadmium" title="Kadmium">Cd</a> </td> <td title="Indium, 49 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium">In</a> </td> <td title="Timah, 50 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Timah" title="Timah">Sn</a> </td> <td title="Antimon, 51 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Antimon" title="Antimon">Sb</a> </td> <td title="Telurium, 52 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Telurium" title="Telurium">Te</a> </td> <td title="Iodin, 53 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Iodin" title="Iodin">I</a> </td> <td title="Xenon, 54 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_6" title="Unsur periode 6">6</a> </td> <td title="Sesium, 55 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Sesium" title="Sesium">Cs</a> </td> <td title="Barium, 56 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium">Ba</a> </td> <td title="Lantanum, 57 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lantanum" title="Lantanum">La</a> </td> <td title="Serium, 58 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Serium" title="Serium">Ce</a> </td> <td title="Praseodimium, 59 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Praseodimium" title="Praseodimium">Pr</a> </td> <td title="Neodimium, 60 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Neodimium" title="Neodimium">Nd</a> </td> <td title="Prometium, 61 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Prometium" title="Prometium">Pm</a> </td> <td title="Samarium, 62 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium">Sm</a> </td> <td title="Europium, 63 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">Eu</a> </td> <td title="Gadolinium, 64 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">Gd</a> </td> <td title="Terbium, 65 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium">Tb</a> </td> <td title="Disprosium, 66 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Disprosium" title="Disprosium">Dy</a> </td> <td title="Holmium, 67 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium">Ho</a> </td> <td title="Erbium, 68 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:1px solid black; ;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Er</a> </td> <td title="Tulium, 69 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tulium" title="Tulium">Tm</a> </td> <td title="Iterbium, 70 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Iterbium" title="Iterbium">Yb</a> </td> <td title="Lutesium, 71 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lutesium" title="Lutesium">Lu</a> </td> <td title="Hafnium, 72 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium">Hf</a> </td> <td title="Tantalum, 73 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tantalum" title="Tantalum">Ta</a> </td> <td title="Wolfram, 74 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram">W</a> </td> <td title="Renium, 75 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Renium" title="Renium">Re</a> </td> <td title="Osmium, 76 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium">Os</a> </td> <td title="Iridium, 77 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">Ir</a> </td> <td title="Platina, 78 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Platina" title="Platina">Pt</a> </td> <td title="Emas, 79 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Emas" title="Emas">Au</a> </td> <td title="Raksa, 80 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Raksa" title="Raksa">Hg</a> </td> <td title="Talium, 81 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Talium" title="Talium">Tl</a> </td> <td title="Timbal, 82 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Timbal" title="Timbal">Pb</a> </td> <td title="Bismut, 83 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bismut" title="Bismut">Bi</a> </td> <td title="Polonium, 84 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium">Po</a> </td> <td title="Astatin, 85 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Astatin" title="Astatin">At</a> </td> <td title="Radon, 86 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Rn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_7" title="Unsur periode 7">7</a> </td> <td title="Fransium, 87 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fransium" title="Fransium">Fr</a> </td> <td title="Radium, 88 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium">Ra</a> </td> <td title="Aktinium, 89 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Aktinium" title="Aktinium">Ac</a> </td> <td title="Torium, 90 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Torium" title="Torium">Th</a> </td> <td title="Protaktinium, 91 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Protaktinium" title="Protaktinium">Pa</a> </td> <td title="Uranium, 92 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">U</a> </td> <td title="Neptunium, 93 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium">Np</a> </td> <td title="Plutonium, 94 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">Pu</a> </td> <td title="Amerisium, 95 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Amerisium" title="Amerisium">Am</a> </td> <td title="Kurium, 96 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kurium" title="Kurium">Cm</a> </td> <td title="Berkelium, 97 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium">Bk</a> </td> <td title="Kalifornium, 98 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kalifornium" title="Kalifornium">Cf</a> </td> <td title="Einsteinium, 99 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium">Es</a> </td> <td title="Fermium, 100 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium">Fm</a> </td> <td title="Mendelevium, 101 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium">Md</a> </td> <td title="Nobelium, 102 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium">No</a> </td> <td title="Lawrensium, 103 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lawrensium" title="Lawrensium">Lr</a> </td> <td title="Ruterfordium, 104 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Ruterfordium" title="Ruterfordium">Rf</a> </td> <td title="Dubnium, 105 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium">Db</a> </td> <td title="Seaborgium, 106 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium">Sg</a> </td> <td title="Bohrium, 107 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium">Bh</a> </td> <td title="Hasium, 108 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Hasium" title="Hasium">Hs</a> </td> <td title="Meitnerium, 109 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium">Mt</a> </td> <td title="Darmstadtium, 110 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium">Ds</a> </td> <td title="Roentgenium, 111 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium">Rg</a> </td> <td title="Kopernisium, 112 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kopernisium" title="Kopernisium">Cn</a> </td> <td title="Nihonium, 113 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium">Nh</a> </td> <td title="Flerovium, 114 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" title="Flerovium">Fl</a> </td> <td title="Moskovium, 115 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Moskovium" title="Moskovium">Mc</a> </td> <td title="Livermorium, 116 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium">Lv</a> </td> <td title="Tenesin, 117 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tenesin" title="Tenesin">Ts</a> </td> <td title="Oganeson, 118 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Oganeson" title="Oganeson">Og</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="33"> <table class="wikitable" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0" style="width:100%; line-height:120%; text-align:center; vertical-align:top; font-size:85%; background:#f8f8f8; margin:0; font-size:90%; margin-top:0.5em;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table style="width:100%; table-layout:fixed; overflow:hidden;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ff6666;"><a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali" title="Logam alkali">Logam alkali</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ffdead;"><a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali_tanah" title="Logam alkali tanah">Logam alkali tanah</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ffbfff;"><a href="/wiki/Lantanida" title="Lantanida">Lantanida</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Aktinida" title="Aktinida">Aktinida</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Logam_transisi" title="Logam transisi">Logam transisi</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#cccccc;"><a href="/wiki/Logam_miskin" title="Logam miskin">Logam miskin</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Umum</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4152588-7">Integrated Authority File (Jerman)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Perpustakaan nasional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85044573">Amerika Serikat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lain-lain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.microsoft.com/v2/detail/513967374">Microsoft Academic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diperoleh dari "<a dir="ltr" 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