CINXE.COM

Unlocking Pharmaceutical Analysis with X-ray Fluorescence

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Article"> <head> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://d2jx2rerrg6sh3.cloudfront.net" /> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://use.typekit.net" /> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://p.typekit.net" /> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://cdn-ukwest.onetrust.com" /> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net" /> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.googletagmanager.com" /> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://js.trendmd.com" /><meta charset="utf-8" /><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1" /><title> Unlocking Pharmaceutical Analysis with X-ray Fluorescence </title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.news-medical.net/life-sciences/Advantages-of-x-ray-fluorescence-in-pharmaceutical-elemental-analysis.aspx" /> <link itemprop="mainEntityOfPage" href="https://www.news-medical.net/life-sciences/Advantages-of-x-ray-fluorescence-in-pharmaceutical-elemental-analysis.aspx" /> <meta itemprop="description" content="XRF offers rapid, accurate elemental analysis for pharmaceuticals, detecting impurities and verifying ingredient quality with minimal sample preparation." /> <meta itemprop="datePublished" content="2024-11-18T09:00:00-05:00" /> <meta itemprop="dateModified" content="2024-11-25T10:06:00-05:00" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@NewsMedical" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Advantages of X-Ray Fluorescence in Pharmaceutical Elemental Analysis" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="XRF offers rapid, accurate elemental analysis for pharmaceuticals, detecting impurities and verifying ingredient quality with minimal sample preparation." /> <meta name="twitter:image:src" content="https://d2jx2rerrg6sh3.cloudfront.net/images/Article_Images/ImageForArticle_25526_1731939086804159.jpg" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Advantages of X-Ray Fluorescence in Pharmaceutical Elemental Analysis" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://d2jx2rerrg6sh3.cloudfront.net/images/Article_Images/ImageForArticle_25526_1731939086804159.jpg" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.news-medical.net/life-sciences/Advantages-of-x-ray-fluorescence-in-pharmaceutical-elemental-analysis.aspx" /> <meta property="og:description" content="XRF offers rapid, accurate elemental analysis for pharmaceuticals, detecting impurities and verifying ingredient quality with minimal sample preparation." /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="News-Medical" /> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2024-11-18T09:00:00-05:00" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-11-25T10:06:00-05:00" /> <meta property="article:section" content="Life Science Articles" /> <meta property="article:tag" content="Fluorescence" /> <meta property="article:tag" content="X-Ray" /> <meta property="article:author" content="Reginald Davey" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="191532917554431" /> <meta name="referrer" content="unsafe-url" /><meta name="robots" content="max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1" /> <script type="text/javascript"> window.g_siteSection = 'lifesciences'; window.g_hasSiteSections = true; window.g_cmpKind = 2; window.g_isIabTcfInUse = false; window.g_isIabGppInUse = false; window.bStrictCookies = undefined; window.g_cookiePolicyStatus = undefined; window.g_noAdSense = true; window.g_havePublishable = true; window.g_enableAnalytics = true; window.bRecordClientView = true; window.g_fetchPromotedItem = true; window.g_contentEmbedPromotedItemEligible = true; window.g_analyticsContentType = 'Life Sciences Article Item'; window.g_endemicId = '7947'; window.g_pageLoadStartOn = new Date(); window._azoStartScripts = []; window.$ = function(fn) { if (typeof fn === 'function') { _azoStartScripts.push(fn); } }; </script> <link rel="icon" href="/favicon-16x16.png" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" /><link rel="icon" href="/favicon-32x32.png" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" /><link rel="icon" href="/favicon-96x96.png" type="image/png" sizes="96x96" /><link rel="start" title="The Medical News" href="/" /><link type="application/rss+xml" rel="alternate" title="The Medical News (RSS)" href="https://www.news-medical.net/syndication.axd?format=rss" /><link type="application/atom+xml" rel="alternate" title="The Medical News (ATOM)" href="https://www.news-medical.net/syndication.axd?format=atom" /><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <script> window.googleAnalyticsConfig = { 'gaCode': 'G-ZD4LNWPK1L', 'cookieDomain': 'news-medical.net' }; </script> <meta name="msvalidate.01" content="F19F0E4C53AF972CB554F2D6E02D6A95" /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="O9YdVHPdPV4LcXLbPolbgWNCkqMfLIvjbuO_NGer4hk" /> <meta name="y_key" content="3022e9ac41851d3d" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://d2jx2rerrg6sh3.cloudfront.net/bundles/css/desktop/base?v=H3NDnfqC0oBbirtGiLnNfyejH-8W282BNybDKVL_m5Q1" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://use.typekit.net/iio3fgy.css" media="print" onload="this.media='all'; this.onload=null;"> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ window.sSiteRoot = '/'; window.isMobileWebsite = false; window.isMobileProSupplier = false; var g_azopgtg = ['5f4a4c','6a454a47525f42484a470b7f4e484345425a5e4e','68434e4642484a4758','6844465b445e454f','6844455f4a4642454a5f424445','6f595e4c58','6d475e44594e58484e45484e','674a4944594a5f445952','664a455e4d4a485f5e5942454c','7b434a59464a484e5e5f42484a4758','7a5e4a47425f4a5f425d4e0b6a454a4752584258','7a5e4a47425f520b6844455f594447','794e4a4c4e455f58','784a465b474e0b7b594e5b4a594a5f424445','78444d5f5c4a594e','785b4e485f59445848445b52','7f4e4843454447444c52','7f594a485f424445','7c4a5d4e474e454c5f43','7306794a52']; //]]> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag() { dataLayer.push(arguments); } gtag('consent', 'default', { 'ad_storage': 'denied', 'analytics_storage': 'denied', 'functionality_storage': 'denied', 'personalization_storage': 'denied', 'security_storage': 'granted', 'ad_user_data': 'denied', 'ad_personalization': 'denied' }); function initAnalytics() { var config = window.googleAnalyticsConfig; if (config) { var gtagConfig = { 'anonymize_ip': true, 'cookie_domain': config.cookieDomain }; if (window.g_analyticsContentType) { gtagConfig['content_group'] = window.g_analyticsContentType; } var a = document.createElement('script'); a.type = 'text/javascript'; a.async = true; a.src = 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=' + config.gaCode; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(a, s); window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; window.gtag = function () { dataLayer.push(arguments); }; window.gtag('js', new Date()); window.gtag('config', config.gaCode, gtagConfig); } } function initPlausible() { if (!window.googleAnalyticsConfig) { return; } var plausibleDomain = 'news-medical.net'; window.plausible = window.plausible || function () {(window.plausible.q = window.plausible.q || []).push(arguments)}; var a = document.createElement('script'); a.type = 'text/javascript'; a.defer = true; a.setAttribute('data-domain', plausibleDomain); a.src = 'https://plausible.io/js/script.manual.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(a, s); $(function () { Azom.recordPlausiblePageview(); }); } </script> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ window.g_bSuppressSideSponsor = true; window.g_Have160Tower = false; window.g_Have300Tower = false; window.iScreenWidth = 0; // 0 = normal, 1 = wider, 2 = widest window.g_windowWidth = 0; window.g_towerPromoSpotRightPos = 0; g_windowWidth = window.innerWidth || (!document.documentElement ? 0 : document.documentElement.clientWidth) || (!document.body ? 0 : document.body.clientWidth) || (!document.body ? 0 : document.body.offsetWidth); //var screenWidthCss = ""; if (!g_bSuppressSideSponsor) { if (g_Have300Tower && g_windowWidth >= 1450) { iScreenWidth = 2; //screenWidthCss = "widest-screen-for-right-block"; g_towerPromoSpotRightPos = ((g_windowWidth - 1100) / 2) - 300 - 20; } else if (g_Have160Tower && g_windowWidth >= 1310) { iScreenWidth = 1; //screenWidthCss = "wide-screen-for-right-block"; g_towerPromoSpotRightPos = ((g_windowWidth - 1100) / 2) - 160 - 20; } } window.g_haveDesktopLeaderboardWidth = window.matchMedia("(min-width: 750px)").matches; window.g_haveSidebarWidth = window.matchMedia("(min-width: 992px)").matches; window.g_canShowAdSense = window.g_noAdSense === false && (g_haveSidebarWidth || window.g_havePublishable); window.g_displayableSlots = { desktopLeaderboard: g_haveDesktopLeaderboardWidth, desktopSquares: g_haveSidebarWidth, mobileTopLeaderboard: !g_haveDesktopLeaderboardWidth, mobileBottomLeaderboard: !g_haveDesktopLeaderboardWidth, mobileMiddleMrec: !g_haveSidebarWidth, mobileBottomMrec: !g_haveSidebarWidth, csi590x80: g_haveDesktopLeaderboardWidth, csi300x370: g_haveSidebarWidth }; //]]> </script> <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "Organization", "name": "News-Medical", "url": "https://www.news-medical.net/", "logo": "https://www.news-medical.net/themes/Standard/images/full_site_logo.png", "sameAs": [ "https://www.facebook.com/NewsMedical", "https://twitter.com/NewsMedical" ] } </script> <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "WebSite", "name": "News-Medical", "url": "https://www.news-medical.net/", "potentialAction": { "@type": "SearchAction", "target": "https://www.news-medical.net/medical/search?q={search_term_string}", "query-input": "required name=search_term_string" } } </script> <meta name="description" content="XRF offers rapid, accurate elemental analysis for pharmaceuticals, detecting impurities and verifying ingredient quality with minimal sample preparation." /><meta name="keywords" content="X-ray fluorescence, pharmaceutical analysis, elemental analysis, chemical analysis, XRF" /></head> <body class="site-body sharebox-pending-init site-section-life-sciences active-menu-life-sciences promo-item-pending with-tmdrw"> <script type="text/javascript"> var googletag = googletag || {}; googletag.cmd = googletag.cmd || []; window.g_areSiteAdsInitialized = false; window.g_displayAdsToRender = []; function pushDisplayAd(fn) { if (window.g_areSiteAdsInitialized) { googletag.cmd.push(fn); } else { window.g_displayAdsToRender.push(fn); } } </script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.g_ear = true; </script> <script async="async" src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> var g_dfpSlots = []; if (g_displayableSlots.desktopLeaderboard) { g_dfpSlots.push({ps: [728, 90], szs: [728, 90], aduid: '/1005779/News-Medical728x90Top_NoAS', noasaduid: '/1005779/News-Medical728x90Top_NoAS', eid: 'div-gpt-top-leaderboard', sced: false, refresh: true }); } if (g_displayableSlots.desktopSquares) { g_dfpSlots.push({ps: [300, 250], szs: [[300, 600], [160, 600], [300, 250]], aduid: '/1005779/NewsMedicalSquares_NoAS', noasaduid: '/1005779/NewsMedicalSquares_NoAS', eid: 'div-gpt-mrec', sced: false, refresh: true }); } if (g_displayableSlots.mobileMiddleMrec) { g_dfpSlots.push({ps: [300, 250], szs: [300, 250], aduid: '/1005779/MobileMREC3MID_NoAS', noasaduid: '/1005779/MobileMREC3MID_NoAS', eid: 'div-gpt-mobile-middle-mrec', sced: true }); } </script> <script type='text/javascript'> //<![CDATA[ window._renderedAdSlots = []; var g_dfpTargeting = [ { k: "site", v: "nm" }, { k: "excldcmpgn", v: ["2916","2917","2918","2919","2920","2921","2922","2923"] }, { k: "lifescinoadsense", v: "yes" } ]; function initSiteAds() { if (!window.g_canShowAdSense) { for (var s = 0; s < g_dfpSlots.length; s++) { var slot = g_dfpSlots[s]; if (slot.noasaduid && slot.aduid !== slot.noasaduid) { slot.aduid = slot.noasaduid; } } } g_dfpTargeting.push({ k: "hostname", v: window.location.hostname }); if (!window.g_isTargetingEnabled) { g_dfpTargeting.push({ k: "npa", v: "yes" }); } googletag.cmd.push(function () { for (var s = 0; s < g_dfpSlots.length; s++) { var slot = g_dfpSlots[s]; if (slot.oop) { slot.slotObj = googletag.defineOutOfPageSlot(slot.aduid, slot.eid).addService(googletag.pubads()); } else { slot.slotObj = googletag.defineSlot(slot.aduid, slot.szs, slot.eid).addService(googletag.pubads()); if (slot.sced) { slot.slotObj.setCollapseEmptyDiv(true); } } } if (g_dfpTargeting.length) { for (var t = 0; t < g_dfpTargeting.length; t++) { googletag.pubads().setTargeting(g_dfpTargeting[t].k, g_dfpTargeting[t].v); } } (function(){for(var d=function(a){for(var b="",c=0;c<a.length /2;c++)b+=String.fromCharCode(parseInt(a.substr(2*c,2),16)^43);return b},a=[],b=0;b<g_azopgtg.length;b++)a.push(d(g_azopgtg[b]));googletag.pubads().setTargeting(a[0],a.splice(1))})(); if (!window.g_isIabTcfInUse && !g_isIabGppInUse && !window.g_isTargetingEnabled) { googletag.pubads().setPrivacySettings({ 'restrictDataProcessing': true, 'nonPersonalizedAds': true }); } googletag.pubads().addEventListener('slotRenderEnded', function (e) { if (typeof Azom === 'undefined') { _renderedAdSlots.push(e); } else { Azom.onAdSlotRendered(e); } }); if (g_windowWidth < 992) { googletag.pubads().enableLazyLoad({ fetchMarginPercent: 120, renderMarginPercent: 120, mobileScaling: window.g_ear ? 1.5 : 1.1 }); } googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest(); googletag.enableServices(); }); //////////////// if (typeof g_displayAdsToRender !== 'undefined' && g_displayAdsToRender.length) { while (g_displayAdsToRender.length) { var item = g_displayAdsToRender.shift(); googletag.cmd.push(item); item = null; } } //////////////// window.g_areSiteAdsInitialized = true; } //]]> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.g_azoReadCookie = function (name) { var nameEQ = name + "="; var ca = document.cookie.split(';'); for (var i = 0; i < ca.length; i++) { var c = ca[i]; while (c.charAt(0) == ' ') c = c.substring(1, c.length); if (c.indexOf(nameEQ) == 0) return c.substring(nameEQ.length, c.length); } return null; }; function updateGoogleConsentModeUserPreferences() { var cp = typeof BlogEngine === 'object' ? BlogEngine.getVisitorCookieAndPrivacyPreferences() : null; var performance = (cp ? cp.performance : window.g_isPerformanceEnabled) ? true : false; var functional = (cp ? cp.functional : window.g_isFunctionalEnabled) ? true : false; var targeting = (cp ? cp.targeting : window.g_isTargetingEnabled) ? true : false; gtag('consent', 'update', { 'ad_storage': targeting ? 'granted' : 'denied', 'analytics_storage': performance ? 'granted' : 'denied', 'functionality_storage': functional ? 'granted' : 'denied', 'personalization_storage': targeting ? 'granted' : 'denied', 'security_storage': 'granted', 'ad_user_data': targeting ? 'granted' : 'denied', 'ad_personalization': targeting ? 'granted' : 'denied' }); } function canRunPerformanceAnalytics() { if ((window.g_enableAnalytics && !g_azoReadCookie('isstffvstr')) || g_azoReadCookie('analytics-on')) { return true; } else { return false; } } if (canRunPerformanceAnalytics() && typeof initPlausible === 'function') { initPlausible(); } window.g_hasActionsOnConsentsAvailableRun = false; function actionsOnConsentsAvailable() { if (window.g_hasActionsOnConsentsAvailableRun) { return; } window.g_hasActionsOnConsentsAvailableRun = true; var cp = ''; if (window.g_cmpKind === 2) { cp = (OnetrustActiveGroups.includes('C0002') ? '1' : '0') + (OnetrustActiveGroups.includes('C0003') ? '1' : '0') + (OnetrustActiveGroups.includes('C0004') ? '1' : '0'); } else { cp = g_azoReadCookie('cookiepolicy'); } if (cp && cp.length !== 3) { cp = null; } var isCookieBarShown = cp ? false : !!g_azoReadCookie('cookiebarshown'); var currentCookieNoticeBarStatus = 0; function configureCookieNoticeBar() { if (window.g_cmpKind !== 1) { return; } if (cp) { return; } var showFullBar = typeof bStrictCookies === 'boolean' && bStrictCookies; var newCookieNoticeBarStatus = showFullBar ? 2 : 1; if (currentCookieNoticeBarStatus === newCookieNoticeBarStatus) { return; } try { var root = document.getElementsByTagName('html')[0]; if (root && root.classList) { root.classList.toggle('show-cookie-bar', true); root.classList.toggle('show-cookie-bar-standard', !showFullBar); root.classList.toggle('show-cookie-bar-full', showFullBar); currentCookieNoticeBarStatus = newCookieNoticeBarStatus; } } catch (e) { } } var areCookieCategoriesSet = false; function evaluateCookiePolicyStatus() { if (areCookieCategoriesSet) { return; } var canSetCookieCategories = false; if (window.g_cmpKind !== 1) { canSetCookieCategories = true; } else { canSetCookieCategories = g_cookiePolicyStatus === 1 || g_cookiePolicyStatus === 2 || (g_cookiePolicyStatus === 3 && typeof bStrictCookies === 'boolean'); } if (canSetCookieCategories) { if (window.g_cmpKind !== 1) { window.g_isTargetingEnabled = cp[2] === '1'; window.g_isPerformanceEnabled = cp[0] === '1'; window.g_isFunctionalEnabled = cp[1] === '1'; } else { window.g_isTargetingEnabled = (cp && cp[2] === '1') || (!bStrictCookies && !cp && isCookieBarShown); window.g_isPerformanceEnabled = (cp && cp[0] === '1') || (!bStrictCookies && !cp && isCookieBarShown); window.g_isFunctionalEnabled = (cp && cp[1] === '1') || (!bStrictCookies && !cp && isCookieBarShown); } areCookieCategoriesSet = true; updateGoogleConsentModeUserPreferences(); if (canRunPerformanceAnalytics()) { initAnalytics(); } if (typeof initSiteAds === 'function') { initSiteAds(); } $(function() { BlogEngine.incrementTopicUpdateNotificationPageCounter(); BlogEngine.loadConsentDependentScripts(); if (bRecordClientView && typeof contentViewData !== 'undefined') { Azom.recordClientView(); } else { } Azom.loadAdSenseAds(); window.g_trendMdJournalId = '87497'; Azom.loadTrendMd(); Azom.checkInboundDetails(); }); } } function evaluateGeoLocation(location) { var country = ''; var region = ''; if (window.g_cmpKind === 2) { var otLocationData = OneTrust.getGeolocationData(); country = !otLocationData ? '' : (otLocationData.country || '').toString().toUpperCase(); region = !otLocationData ? '' : (otLocationData.state || '').toString().toUpperCase(); } else if (location) { country = (location.country || '').toString().toUpperCase(); region = (location.region || '').toString().toUpperCase(); } else { country = (g_azoReadCookie('azocountry') || '').toString(); } if (typeof country === 'string' && country.length === 2) { window.g_countryCode = country.toUpperCase(); window.g_regionCode = region.toUpperCase(); if (window.g_countryCode === 'GB' && window.g_canShowAdSense) { window.g_canShowAdSense = false; } window.bStrictCookies = window.g_countryCode === 'DE'; if (window.g_cmpKind === 1) { $(function () { Azom.createCookie("azocountry", country, 0); BlogEngine.initCookieNoticeBar(); }); } } configureCookieNoticeBar(); evaluateCookiePolicyStatus(); } function onGetCountryProblem() { window.bStrictCookies = true; evaluateCookiePolicyStatus(); } function lookupCountryIfNeeded() { if (window.g_cmpKind !== 1) { return; } if (window.g_countryCode) { } if (!window.g_countryCode) { if (typeof fetch === 'undefined') { onGetCountryProblem(); } else { fetch('/cdn-cgi/trace') .then(function (resp) { return resp.text(); }) .then(function (data) { var foundCountry = false; if (!data || typeof data !== 'string') { } else { var match = data.match(/\bloc=([a-z]{2})/i); if (!match || !match.length || match.length < 2) { } else { foundCountry = true; evaluateGeoLocation({ country: match[1], region: null }); } } if (!foundCountry) { onGetCountryProblem(); } }) .catch(function (error) { onGetCountryProblem(); }); } } } ///////////////// if (window.g_cmpKind === 1) { if (cp) { window.g_cookiePolicyStatus = 1; } else if (!isCookieBarShown) { window.g_cookiePolicyStatus = 2; } else { window.g_cookiePolicyStatus = 3; } } evaluateGeoLocation(null); lookupCountryIfNeeded(); } </script> <script> </script> <script> </script> <script src="https://cdn-ukwest.onetrust.com/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js" async type="text/javascript" charset="UTF-8" data-domain-script="f362e18d-20d8-4df3-ba3d-631ebffb71e2" ></script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.g_isOneTrustAvailable = false; window.g_areInitialOneTrustConsentsAvailable = false; window.g_oneTrustRequireBannerInteraction = false; function OptanonWrapper() { if (!window.g_isOneTrustAvailable) { window.g_isOneTrustAvailable = true; if (typeof window.__tcfapi === 'function') { window.g_isIabTcfInUse = true; } if (typeof window.__gpp === 'function') { window.g_isIabGppInUse = true; } } if (window.g_areInitialOneTrustConsentsAvailable) { $(function () { BlogEngine.onOneTrustConsentsUpdated(); }); } else { $(function () { var isBoxClosed = !!Azom.readCookie('OptanonAlertBoxClosed'); if (!window.g_areInitialOneTrustConsentsAvailable) { var isBannerOverlayVisible = $('.ot-fade-in').is(':visible'); var areConsentsAvailableForProcessing = !isBannerOverlayVisible || isBoxClosed; if (!areConsentsAvailableForProcessing) { window.g_oneTrustRequireBannerInteraction = true; } else { window.g_areInitialOneTrustConsentsAvailable = true; window.setTimeout(actionsOnConsentsAvailable, 1); } } }); } } </script> <div id="body-wrap"> <div id="wide-screen-container"> <div class="page-wrap"> <div class="container main-content-left"> <form method="post" action="/life-sciences/Advantages-of-x-ray-fluorescence-in-pharmaceutical-elemental-analysis.aspx" id="aspnetForm"> <div class="aspNetHidden"> <input type="hidden" name="__VIEWSTATE" id="__VIEWSTATE" value="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" /> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ function registerVariables(){BlogEngine.webRoot='/';BlogEngine.i18n.hasRated='You already rated this article';BlogEngine.i18n.savingTheComment='Saving the comment...';BlogEngine.i18n.comments='Comments';BlogEngine.i18n.commentWasSaved='The comment was saved. Thank you for the feedback';BlogEngine.i18n.commentWaitingModeration='Thank you for the feedback. The comment is now awaiting moderation';BlogEngine.i18n.cancel='Cancel';BlogEngine.i18n.filter='Filter';BlogEngine.i18n.apmlDescription='Enter the URL to your website or to your APML document';BlogEngine.i18n.beTheFirstToRate='Be the first to rate this article';BlogEngine.i18n.currentlyRated='Currently rated {0} by {1} {2}';BlogEngine.i18n.ratingHasBeenRegistered='Your rating has been registered. Thank you!';BlogEngine.i18n.rateThisXStars='Rate this {0} star{1} out of 5';};//]]> </script> <div class="aspNetHidden"> <input type="hidden" name="__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR" id="__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR" value="3D454EFC" /> <input type="hidden" name="__EVENTVALIDATION" id="__EVENTVALIDATION" value="YrLpV6lRYQbUgz23TtA36mnAdZwSNE1nO4WteTMeKYoptdT4dg8kJWEq2vKK4FMZqxH7K46SdECzTk9sbbYhgz+7nfFhOEEzoGXMxHyA3ZR5bE0Q58vAbVX7Zn2NSt1R+mcAicVQ294bLkGtZUDRkUMZMed7MDlfwgvq7u5gosUhvp/GdXm++0ToEsRzUbM87GLv/IyzsTFjMKHl6uxEDO70pj4=" /> </div> <div class='overlay-content-wrapper'> <div id='social-login-overlay-simple-container'></div> <div id='social-login-overlay-full-container' class='mfp-with-anim'></div> </div> <header> <a class="skip-link sr-only sr-only-focusable" href="#main">Skip to content</a> <nav class="main-menu container menu-container"> <div class="logo col-sm-2 col-xs-12"> <a href="/"> <picture> <source srcset="https://d2jx2rerrg6sh3.cloudfront.net/themes/Standard/images/nm-logo-4-@2x.png 2x, https://d2jx2rerrg6sh3.cloudfront.net/themes/Standard/images/nm-logo-4-@3x.png 3x, https://d2jx2rerrg6sh3.cloudfront.net/themes/Standard/images/nm-logo-4.png" media="(min-width: 768px)" width="143" height="75" /> <source srcset="https://d2jx2rerrg6sh3.cloudfront.net/themes/Standard/images/news_medical_and_life_sciences_logo_1000w.png 2x, https://d2jx2rerrg6sh3.cloudfront.net/themes/Standard/images/news_medical_and_life_sciences_logo_600w.png" media="(max-width: 767px)" width="600" height="56" /> <img class="img-responsive center-block" src="https://d2jx2rerrg6sh3.cloudfront.net/themes/Standard/images/nm-logo-4.png" alt="News-Medical" width="143" height="75" /> </picture> </a> </div> <div class="mobile-moremenu-wrap visible-xs-block"> <a class="moremenu mobile-menu"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path fill="currentColor" d="M16 132h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16V76c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16C7.163 60 0 67.163 0 76v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z"/></svg> <span class="sr-only">Menu</span> </a> </div> <div class="nav-right col-sm-10 col-xs-12"> <div class="user-menu"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-7 hidden-xs site-sections-menu-wrap"> <div class="site-sections-menu"> <a href="/medical" class="site-section-menu-btn-medical">Medical Home</a> <a href="/life-sciences" class="site-section-menu-btn-life-sciences active-site-sections-menu-btn">Life Sciences Home</a> </div> <div class="an-azonetwork-site"><a class="an-azonetwork-site" href="/suppliers/AZoNetwork-UK-Ltd.aspx"><img src="https://d2jx2rerrg6sh3.cloudfront.net/images/an-azonetwork-site.svg" alt="An AZoNetwork Site" width="158" height="16" /></a></div> </div> <div class="col-sm-5 col-xs-12 menu-top-right"> <div class="user-info"> <a href="/azoprofile/login/" onclick="return AZoProfileUtils.showAZoProfileLoginFullOverlay(null, null);" class="login-signup"><span>Become a Member</span></a> <div id='profile-login-content' class='profile-login-content'></div> <!-- populated client side --> </div> <div class="search-input-group input-group"> <span class="icon-search"></span> <input aria-labelledby="searchLabel" type="search" id="globalSearchField" class="form-control searchfield" placeholder="Search..." maxlength="200" value="" data-search-btn-selector="#globalSearchButton" /> <div class="input-group-addon search-btn-wrap"> <button class="search-btn" onclick="return BlogEngine.search('globalSearchField');" onkeypress="return BlogEngine.search('globalSearchField');"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon-arrow-right"></span> <span id="searchLabel" class="sr-only">Search</span> </button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <ul aria-hidden="true" class="menu main-nav-menu top-nav-menu-medical"> <li class="hidden-sm hidden-md hidden-lg mobile-menu-medical-home"><a href="/medical"><span>Medical Home</span></a></li> <li class="hidden-sm hidden-md hidden-lg mobile-menu-life-sciences-home"><a href="/life-sciences"><span>Life Sciences Home</span></a></li> <li><a href="/medical/about"><span>About</span></a></li> <li><a href="/condition/Coronavirus-Disease-COVID-19"><span>COVID-19</span></a></li> <li><a href="/medical/news"><span>News</span></a></li> <li><a class="content-hub-link" href="/medical-a-z.aspx"><span>Health A-Z</span></a></li> <li><a href="/drugs-a-z.aspx"><span>Drugs</span></a></li> <li><a href="/Clinical-and-Diagnostics"><span>Medical Devices</span></a></li> <li><a href="/medical/interviews"><span>Interviews</span></a></li> <li class="menu-item-on-wide-device"><a href="/medical/whitepapers"><span>White Papers</span></a></li> <li class="hidden-xs"><a class="moremenu">More...</a></li> <li class="hidden-sm hidden-md hidden-lg"><a href="/mediknowledge"><span>MediKnowledge</span></a></li> <li class="hidden-sm hidden-md hidden-lg"><a href="/medical/ebooks"><span>eBooks</span></a></li> <li class="hidden-sm hidden-md hidden-lg"><a href="/medical/posters"><span>Posters</span></a></li> <li class="hidden-sm hidden-md hidden-lg"><a href="/medical/podcasts"><span>Podcasts</span></a></li> <li class="hidden-sm hidden-md hidden-lg"><a href="/medical/newsletters"><span>Newsletters</span></a></li> <li class="hidden-sm hidden-md hidden-lg"><a href="/Consumer-Products"><span>Health &amp; Personal Care</span></a></li> <li class="hidden-sm hidden-md hidden-lg"><a href="/medical/contact"><span>Contact</span></a></li> <li class="hidden-sm hidden-md hidden-lg"><a href="/medical/team"><span>Meet the Team</span></a></li> <li class="hidden-sm hidden-md hidden-lg"><a href="/medical/advertise"><span>Advertise</span></a></li> <li class="hidden-sm hidden-md hidden-lg"><a href="/life-sciences/search"><span>Search</span></a></li> <li class="hidden-sm hidden-md hidden-lg mobile-menu-profile-become-member"> <a href="/azoprofile/login/" onclick="return AZoProfileUtils.showAZoProfileLoginFullOverlay(null, null);" class="login-signup"><span>Become a Member</span></a> </li> </ul> <div class="hub-menu-desktop medical-hub-menu"> <h2>Top Health Categories</h2> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-4"> <ul class="hub-menu-items"> <li class="hub-menu-item"> <a href="/condition/Coronavirus-Disease-COVID-19">Coronavirus Disease COVID-19</a></li> <li class="hub-menu-item"> <a href="/condition/Diet-Nutrition">Diet &amp; Nutrition</a></li> <li class="hub-menu-item"> <a href="/condition/Artificial-Intelligence">Artificial Intelligence</a></li> <li class="hub-menu-item"> <a href="/condition/Allergies">Allergies</a></li> <li class="hub-menu-item"> <a href="/condition/Alzheimers-Dementia">Alzheimer&#39;s &amp; Dementia</a></li> <li class="hub-menu-item"> <a href="/condition/Arthritis-Rheumatology">Arthritis &amp; Rheumatology</a></li> <li class="hub-menu-item"> <a href="/condition/Breast-Cancer">Breast Cancer</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-xs-4"> <ul class="hub-menu-items"> <li class="hub-menu-item"> <a href="/condition/Cold-Flu-Cough">Cold, Flu &amp; Cough</a></li> <li class="hub-menu-item"> <a href="/condition/Eating-Disorders">Eating Disorders</a></li> <li class="hub-menu-item"> <a href="/condition/Eye-Health">Eye Health</a></li> <li class="hub-menu-item"> <a href="/condition/Gastrointestinal-Health">Gastrointestinal Health</a></li> <li class="hub-menu-item"> <a href="/condition/Heart-Disease">Heart Disease</a></li> <li class="hub-menu-item"> <a href="/condition/High-Blood-Pressure">High Blood Pressure</a></li> <li class="hub-menu-item"> <a href="/condition/Lung-Cancer">Lung Cancer</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-xs-4"> <ul class="hub-menu-items"> <li class="hub-menu-item"> <a href="/condition/Mental-Health">Mental Health</a></li> <li class="hub-menu-item"> <a href="/condition/Mpox">Mpox</a></li> <li class="hub-menu-item"> <a href="/condition/Pregnancy">Pregnancy</a></li> <li class="hub-menu-item"> <a href="/condition/Type-1-Diabetes">Type 1 Diabetes</a></li> <li class="hub-menu-item"> <a href="/condition/Type-2-Diabetes">Type 2 Diabetes</a></li> <li class="hub-menu-item"> <a href="/condition/Sexual-Health">Sexual Health</a></li> <li class="hub-menu-item"> <a href="/condition/Sleep">Sleep</a></li> <li class="hub-menu-item"> <a class="view-all-topics" href="/medical-a-z.aspx">View Health A-Z</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="hub-menu-mobile medical-hub-menu-mobile"> <h2><span class="close-mobile-hub-menu">&times;</span>Top Health Categories</h2> <ul class="menu"> <li><a href="/condition/Coronavirus-Disease-COVID-19"><span>Coronavirus Disease COVID-19</span></a></li> <li><a href="/condition/Heart-Disease"><span>Heart Disease</span></a></li> <li><a href="/condition/Diet-Nutrition"><span>Diet &amp; Nutrition</span></a></li> <li><a href="/condition/High-Blood-Pressure"><span>High Blood Pressure</span></a></li> <li><a href="/condition/Artificial-Intelligence"><span>Artificial Intelligence</span></a></li> <li><a href="/condition/Lung-Cancer"><span>Lung Cancer</span></a></li> <li><a href="/condition/Allergies"><span>Allergies</span></a></li> <li><a href="/condition/Mental-Health"><span>Mental Health</span></a></li> <li><a href="/condition/Alzheimers-Dementia"><span>Alzheimer&#39;s &amp; Dementia</span></a></li> <li><a href="/condition/Mpox"><span>Mpox</span></a></li> <li><a href="/condition/Arthritis-Rheumatology"><span>Arthritis &amp; Rheumatology</span></a></li> <li><a href="/condition/Pregnancy"><span>Pregnancy</span></a></li> <li><a href="/condition/Breast-Cancer"><span>Breast Cancer</span></a></li> <li><a href="/condition/Type-1-Diabetes"><span>Type 1 Diabetes</span></a></li> <li><a href="/condition/Cold-Flu-Cough"><span>Cold, Flu &amp; Cough</span></a></li> <li><a href="/condition/Type-2-Diabetes"><span>Type 2 Diabetes</span></a></li> <li><a href="/condition/Eating-Disorders"><span>Eating Disorders</span></a></li> <li><a href="/condition/Sexual-Health"><span>Sexual Health</span></a></li> <li><a href="/condition/Eye-Health"><span>Eye Health</span></a></li> <li><a href="/condition/Sleep"><span>Sleep</span></a></li> <li><a href="/condition/Gastrointestinal-Health"><span>Gastrointestinal Health</span></a></li> <li class="empty-listitem"><span>&nbsp;</span></li> </ul> <div class="hub-menu-view-all-topics"> <a id="hypViewAllMobile" href="/medical-a-z.aspx">View Health A-Z</a> </div> </div> <ul aria-hidden="true" class="menu main-nav-menu top-nav-menu-life-sciences"> <li class="hidden-sm hidden-md hidden-lg mobile-menu-medical-home"><a href="/medical"><span>Medical Home</span></a></li> <li class="hidden-sm hidden-md hidden-lg mobile-menu-life-sciences-home"><a href="/life-sciences"><span>Life Sciences Home</span></a></li> <li><a href="/life-sciences/about"><span>About</span></a></li> <li><a href="/life-sciences/news"><span>News</span></a></li> <li><a href="/life-sciences-a-z"><span>Life Sciences A-Z</span></a></li> <li><a href="/life-sciences/whitepapers"><span>White Papers</span></a></li> <li><a href="/Life-Science-and-Laboratory"><span>Lab Equipment</span></a></li> <li><a href="/life-sciences/interviews"><span>Interviews</span></a></li> <li><a href="/life-sciences/newsletters"><span>Newsletters</span></a></li> <li class="menu-item-on-wide-device"><a href="/life-sciences/webinars"><span>Webinars</span></a></li> <li class="hidden-xs"><a class="moremenu">More...</a></li> <li class="hidden-sm hidden-md hidden-lg"><a href="/life-sciences/ebooks"><span>eBooks</span></a></li> <li class="hidden-sm hidden-md hidden-lg"><a href="/life-sciences/posters"><span>Posters</span></a></li> <li class="hidden-sm hidden-md hidden-lg"><a href="/life-sciences/podcasts"><span>Podcasts</span></a></li> <li class="hidden-sm hidden-md hidden-lg"><a href="/life-sciences/contact"><span>Contact</span></a></li> <li class="hidden-sm hidden-md hidden-lg"><a href="/life-sciences/team"><span>Meet the Team</span></a></li> <li class="hidden-sm hidden-md hidden-lg"><a href="/life-sciences/advertise"><span>Advertise</span></a></li> <li class="hidden-sm hidden-md hidden-lg"><a href="/life-sciences/search"><span>Search</span></a></li> <li class="hidden-sm hidden-md hidden-lg mobile-menu-profile-become-member"> <a href="/azoprofile/login/" onclick="return AZoProfileUtils.showAZoProfileLoginFullOverlay(null, null);" class="login-signup"><span>Become a Member</span></a> </li> </ul> <div class="sub-menu col-xs-12" aria-role="nav"> <ul class="mobile-main mobile-main-medical serif hidden-xs"> <li class="menu-item-on-wide-device"><a href="/medical/whitepapers">White Papers</a></li> <li><a href="/mediknowledge">MediKnowledge</a></li> <li><a href="/medical/ebooks">eBooks</a></li> <li><a href="/medical/posters">Posters</a></li> <li><a href="/medical/podcasts">Podcasts</a></li> <li><a href="/medical/newsletters"><span>Newsletters</span></a></li> <li><a href="/Consumer-Products"><span>Health &amp; Personal Care</span></a></li> <li><a href="/medical/contact">Contact</a></li> <li><a href="/medical/team">Meet the Team</a></li> <li><a href="/medical/advertise">Advertise</a></li> <li><a href="/life-sciences/search">Search</a></li> <li class="mobile-menu-profile-become-member"> <a href="/azoprofile/login/" onclick="return AZoProfileUtils.showAZoProfileLoginFullOverlay(null);" class="login-signup"><span>Become a Member</span></a> </li> </ul> <ul class="mobile-main mobile-main-life-sciences serif hidden-xs"> <li class="menu-item-on-wide-device"><a href="/life-sciences/webinars"><span>Webinars</span></a></li> <li><a href="/life-sciences/ebooks"><span>eBooks</span></a></li> <li><a href="/life-sciences/posters"><span>Posters</span></a></li> <li><a href="/life-sciences/podcasts"><span>Podcasts</span></a></li> <li><a href="/life-sciences/contact"><span>Contact</span></a></li> <li><a href="/life-sciences/team">Meet the Team</a></li> <li><a href="/life-sciences/advertise"><span>Advertise</span></a></li> <li><a href="/life-sciences/search"><span>Search</span></a></li> <li class="mobile-menu-profile-become-member"> <a href="/azoprofile/login/" onclick="return AZoProfileUtils.showAZoProfileLoginFullOverlay(null);" class="login-signup"><span>Become a Member</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </header> <div class="clearfix"> <div id="top-banner-ad" class="banner-ad"> <div id='top-promo-spot'> <div id='div-gpt-top-leaderboard'> <script type='text/javascript'> //<![CDATA[ if (g_displayableSlots.desktopLeaderboard) { pushDisplayAd(function () { googletag.display('div-gpt-top-leaderboard'); }); } //]]> </script> </div> </div> </div> </div> <main id="main" tabindex="-1" class="main-container col-xs-12 col-md-8"> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ var PdfReq = { itemType: 'LifeScienceArticle', itemName: 'Advantages of X-Ray Fluorescence in Pharmaceutical Elemental Analysis', languageCode: '', formTitle: 'Advantages of X-Ray Fluorescence in Pharmaceutical Elemental Analysis Printable Document (PDF)', itemId: '25526' }; $(function () { Azom.initPdfReqPage(); }); //]]> </script> <div style="position:absolute;visibility:hidden;"> <div id="pdfReqForm" class="azoForm-dialog azoForm-desktop-container mfp-with-anim"> <div class="pdfReq-form-dialog-container-contents"></div> </div> </div> <div id="pdfReqFormMobileContainerOnPage" class="azoForm-mobile-container"> </div> <input type="hidden" id="url-to-share" value="https://www.news-medical.net/life-sciences/Advantages-of-x-ray-fluorescence-in-pharmaceutical-elemental-analysis.aspx"/> <div class="share-box"> <ul class="showEmailShare"> <li class="pdf-download no-count"> <a href="#" class="request-pdf-download" title="Download PDF copy"> <div class="share-wrapper"> <div aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon-download"></div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="sidebar-ratings"> <a id="star-rating-link" class="star-rating-link" onclick="return Azom.displayRatingsSlider(this);" title="Rating"> <div class="share-wrapper"> <div aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon-star-full"></div> <div class="count count-ratings"></div> </div> </a> <div class="ratingcontainer" style="visibility:hidden" data-id="c9ca0883-00be-4e24-95d2-d4d120934eaa" data-raters="0" data-rating=".0" data-page-location="SocialIconsSidebar"></div> </li> <li class="linkedin"> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&amp;url=https%3a%2f%2fwww.news-medical.net%2flife-sciences%2fAdvantages-of-x-ray-fluorescence-in-pharmaceutical-elemental-analysis.aspx&amp;title=" title="LinkedIn" data-win-width="520" data-win-height="570" target="_blank"> <div class="share-wrapper"> <div aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon-linkedin"></div> <div class="count count-linkedin"></div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="facebook"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3a%2f%2fwww.news-medical.net%2flife-sciences%2fAdvantages-of-x-ray-fluorescence-in-pharmaceutical-elemental-analysis.aspx" title="Facebook" data-win-width="550" data-win-height="600" target="_blank"> <div class="share-wrapper"> <div aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon-facebook"></div> <div class="count count-facebook"></div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="twitter no-count"> <a href="https://x.com/share?url=https%3a%2f%2fwww.news-medical.net%2flife-sciences%2fAdvantages-of-x-ray-fluorescence-in-pharmaceutical-elemental-analysis.aspx&amp;text=" title="X" data-win-width="550" data-win-height="300" target="_blank"> <div class="share-wrapper"> <div aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon-twitter-x"></div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="reddit no-count"> <a href="https://www.reddit.com/submit?url=https%3a%2f%2fwww.news-medical.net%2flife-sciences%2fAdvantages-of-x-ray-fluorescence-in-pharmaceutical-elemental-analysis.aspx" title="Reddit" data-win-width="575" data-win-height="600" target="_blank"> <div class="share-wrapper"> <div aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon-reddit"></div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="pinterest no-count"> <a href="http://pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https%3a%2f%2fwww.news-medical.net%2flife-sciences%2fAdvantages-of-x-ray-fluorescence-in-pharmaceutical-elemental-analysis.aspx" title="Pinterest" target="_blank"> <div class="share-wrapper"> <div aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon-pinterest"></div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="email no-count"> <a href="#" onclick="return Azom.displayShareViaEmail();" title="Email" target="_blank"> <div class="share-wrapper"> <div aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon-envelop"></div> </div> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="item-body content-item-body"> <div class="h1-wrap"> <h1 itemprop="headline">Advantages of X-Ray Fluorescence in Pharmaceutical Elemental Analysis</h1> </div> <div class="in-content-ctas-container in-content-ctas-container-top"> <div class="in-content-ctas in-content-ctas-top cta-btns-cols-1"> <ul> <li class="cta-printpdf"><a href="#" class="request-pdf-download" onclick="return false;"><span class="cta-text"><span>Download</span> <span>PDF Copy</span></span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div id="ctl00_cphBody_divText" itemprop="articleBody" class="clearfix"><div class="article-meta article-meta-byline article-meta-with-photo article-meta-author-and-reviewer" itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"><span class="article-meta-photo-wrap"><img src="https://www.azonetwork.com/themes/clients/images/team/Reginald_Davey.png" alt="Reginald Davey" itemprop="image" class="article-meta-photo" /></span><span class="article-meta-contents"><span class="article-meta-left"><span class="article-meta-author">By <a href="/life-sciences/authors/reginald-davey" itemprop="url"><span itemprop="name">Reginald Davey</span></a><meta itemprop="sameAs" content="https://www.linkedin.com/in/reginald-davey-9883b6145/" /></span><span class="article-meta-reviewer">Reviewed by <a href="/life-sciences/authors/lily-ramsey">Lily Ramsey, LLM</a></span></span></span></div> <p><a href="#1">Introduction&nbsp;</a><br /> <a href="#2">What is X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), and how does it work?</a><br /> <a href="#3">XRF in pharmaceutical elemental analysis</a><br /> <a href="#4">Applications of XRF in pharmaceuticals</a>&nbsp;<br /> <a href="#5">Advantages over traditional elemental analysis techniques</a>&nbsp;<br /> <a href="#6">Challenges and considerations in XRF for pharmaceuticals</a>&nbsp;<br /> <a href="#7">Future of XRF in pharmaceutical analysis</a><br /> <a href="#8">In summary</a><br /> <a href="#9">References</a></p> <hr /> <p>X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is a powerful analytical technique that provides benefits for several industries. This technique is used to analyze materials such as powders, solids, and liquids and can be used for both the quantitative and qualitative analysis of a material&rsquo;s composition.<sup>1</sup></p> <p style="text-align: right;"><span itemprop="image" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"><img alt="Picture of pharmaceutical manufacture line" class="rounded-img" src="https://d2jx2rerrg6sh3.cloudfront.net/images/Article_Images/ImageForArticle_25526_1731939086804159.jpg" srcset="https://d2jx2rerrg6sh3.cloudfront.net/image-handler/ts/20241118091128/ri/2000/src/images/Article_Images/ImageForArticle_25526_1731939086804159.jpg 2000w, https://d2jx2rerrg6sh3.cloudfront.net/image-handler/ts/20241118091128/ri/1950/src/images/Article_Images/ImageForArticle_25526_1731939086804159.jpg 1950w, https://d2jx2rerrg6sh3.cloudfront.net/image-handler/ts/20241118091128/ri/1750/src/images/Article_Images/ImageForArticle_25526_1731939086804159.jpg 1750w, https://d2jx2rerrg6sh3.cloudfront.net/image-handler/ts/20241118091128/ri/1550/src/images/Article_Images/ImageForArticle_25526_1731939086804159.jpg 1550w, https://d2jx2rerrg6sh3.cloudfront.net/image-handler/ts/20241118091128/ri/1350/src/images/Article_Images/ImageForArticle_25526_1731939086804159.jpg 1350w, https://d2jx2rerrg6sh3.cloudfront.net/image-handler/ts/20241118091128/ri/1150/src/images/Article_Images/ImageForArticle_25526_1731939086804159.jpg 1150w, https://d2jx2rerrg6sh3.cloudfront.net/image-handler/ts/20241118091128/ri/950/src/images/Article_Images/ImageForArticle_25526_1731939086804159.jpg 950w, https://d2jx2rerrg6sh3.cloudfront.net/image-handler/ts/20241118091128/ri/750/src/images/Article_Images/ImageForArticle_25526_1731939086804159.jpg 750w, https://d2jx2rerrg6sh3.cloudfront.net/image-handler/ts/20241118091128/ri/550/src/images/Article_Images/ImageForArticle_25526_1731939086804159.jpg 550w, https://d2jx2rerrg6sh3.cloudfront.net/image-handler/ts/20241118091128/ri/450/src/images/Article_Images/ImageForArticle_25526_1731939086804159.jpg 450w" sizes="(min-width: 1200px) 673px, (min-width: 1090px) 667px, (min-width: 992px) calc(66.6vw - 60px), (min-width: 480px) calc(100vw - 40px), calc(100vw - 30px)" style="width: 2000px; height: 1124px;" width="2000" height="1124" /><meta itemprop="url" content="https://d2jx2rerrg6sh3.cloudfront.net/images/Article_Images/ImageForArticle_25526_1731939086804159.jpg" /><meta itemprop="width" content="2000" /><meta itemprop="height" content="1124" /><meta itemprop="caption" content="Advantages of X-Ray Fluorescence in Pharmaceutical Elemental Analysis" /><span itemprop="thumbnail" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"><meta itemprop="url" content="https://d2jx2rerrg6sh3.cloudfront.net/image-handler/ts/20241118091128/ri/200/src/images/Article_Images/ImageForArticle_25526_1731939086804159.jpg" /><meta itemprop="width" content="200" /><meta itemprop="height" content="112" /></span></span><span style="color:#999999;"><em>Image Credit:&nbsp;IM Imagery/Shutterstock.com</em></span></p> <h2><a id="1" name="1"></a>Introduction</h2> <p>Elemental analysis plays a crucial role in the pharmaceutical industry, allowing scientists to understand a material or compound&rsquo;s elemental composition. It also provides key information on any impurities in a sample. Elemental analysis provides benefits for quality control, regulatory compliance, and safety.</p> <p>The pharmaceutical industry needs robust elemental analysis techniques, and among the different approaches in the modern laboratory, X-ray fluorescence stands out as a particularly suitable advanced method. In short, XRF can satisfy the demands of the pharmaceutical industry for this purpose. This article will explore the advantages of X-ray fluorescence in pharmaceutical elemental analysis.</p> <h2><a id="2" name="2"></a>What is X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), and how does it work?</h2> <p>X-ray fluorescence uses X-rays to determine the elemental composition of a sample. In most cases, it is non-destructive, making it ideal for the study of materials in several industries and giving it distinct advantages over traditionally destructive analytical techniques. It is a widely-used fast characterization technique in laboratories worldwide and is particularly relevant for the pharma industry.<sup>2</sup></p> <p>X-rays are &ldquo;fired&rdquo; at a sample, with some passing through while the substance absorbs others under analysis. Low-energy electrons are &ldquo;knocked out&rdquo; and replaced by higher-energy level electrons, which are detected as fluorescent X-rays.</p> <p>Wavelength Dispersive XRF and Energy Dispersive XRF are the two main methods used. While many sophisticated XRF instruments have been since the inception of XRF, all instruments have the same basic components, which are an X-ray tube, detector, and sample holder.</p> <!-- video lazy load begin 001 --><div id="ytp-ee7002ee21f74e6ea3655db47b36948c" class="video-lazy-load azo-yt-player" style="background-image:url(https://i.ytimg.com/vi/93bTw8Xcc8M/hqdefault.jpg);padding-top:56.25%;" data-video-url="https://www.youtube.com/embed/93bTw8Xcc8M?si=1mHAXdpCPfg7Gtnh&amp;enablejsapi=1" data-orig-embed-width="560" data-orig-embed-height="315"><span class="video-lazy-load-title">What Is XRF?</span><button><i class="icon-play3"></i><span>Play</span></button></div><!-- video lazy load end 001 --> <h2><a id="3" name="3"></a>XRF in pharmaceutical elemental analysis</h2> <p>Many different analytical techniques can be employed in the lab to provide information on a sample&rsquo;s elemental analysis, but not all methods are suitable for the pharmaceutical industry due to the specific needs of scientists developing new drugs and therapies.</p> <p>XRF analysis has several strategic advantages for pharmaceutical elemental analysis. Firstly, samples require minimal preparation with no need for harsh chemicals and <a href="/health/What-is-a-Reagent.aspx" class="linked-term">reagents</a> and can be prepared in a fraction of the time needed by other analytical techniques. Moreover, operators require less extensive training to employ this technique in the lab.</p><div id="mobile-middle-mrec-promo-spot" class="mobile-promo-wrap mobile-promo-mrec"> <div class="mobile-promo-item sponsorer-note-bottom" id='div-gpt-mobile-middle-mrec' style='width:300px; height:250px;'> <script type='text/javascript'> if (g_displayableSlots.mobileMiddleMrec) { pushDisplayAd(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-mobile-middle-mrec'); }); } </script> </div> </div> <!-- end mobile middle mrec --> <p>XRF is also more affordable than other techniques, such as inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectroscopy. Furthermore, XRF possesses high sensitivity and accuracy, making it an ideal, cost-effective choice for regulatory compliance needs. Rapid results can be produced, which is suitable for quality control in high-throughput pharma labs.</p> <p>One of the main advantages of XRF lies in its (commonly) non-destructive nature. Sample integrity can be preserved after elemental analysis as they are not altered or destroyed by XRF instruments.<sup>3</sup></p> <h2><a id="4" name="4"></a>Applications of XRF in pharmaceuticals</h2> <p>XRF is ideal for the rapid and safe analysis of pharmaceutical compounds, playing a key role in quality control and ensuring that drugs are safe and productive. It also helps pharma companies meet stringent regulatory compliance standards.</p> <div id="trendmd-conditional-suggestions" class="related-content-embed"></div><div class="related-content-embed related-stories-embed"><h3>Related Stories</h3><ul><li><a href="/news/20240610/Particle-Measuring-Systems-and-Pharma-Integration-Introduce-the-BioCaptc2ae-Single-Use-AutoM-Microbial-Impactor-for-Automated-Microbial-Air-Sampling.aspx">Particle Measuring Systems and Pharma Integration Introduce the BioCapt&#174; Single-Use AutoM Microbial Impactor for Automated Microbial Air Sampling</a></li></ul></div><p>XRF is used for a few key applications in drug development and quality control testing in the pharma industry. Firstly, it is used for elemental impurity testing as it can detect and quantify trace elemental impurities in drugs.</p> <p>Contamination is a serious issue in drug development, and detecting any impurities before a drug is sold to the public ensures safety and helps meet standards such as ICH Q3D.</p> <p>It also helps scientists verify the elemental composition of raw materials, ensuring the purity and quality of ingredients.</p> <p>Another key application of XRF in drug development is packaging and container analysis. Along with the drugs themselves, packaging and containers must meet stringent quality and safety standards, such as the lack of harmful toxic materials such as heavy metals.</p> <p>By analyzing the elemental composition of packaging and containers, XRF gives pharma companies and the public confidence in their safety.</p> <h2><a id="5" name="5"></a>Advantages over traditional elemental analysis techniques</h2> <p>Traditional elemental analysis techniques, such as the aforementioned ICP spectroscopy and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), are still commonly used in laboratories worldwide, including in the pharma industry.</p> <p>However, these techniques suffer from some distinct drawbacks, which make XRF more suitable for the needs of elemental analysis in pharmaceutical development. One of the main drawbacks of both ICP and AAS spectroscopy is in sample preparation. These techniques require sample dissolution and large dilutions.</p> <p>Both these methodologies are destructive. Additionally, sample preparation in these techniques can cause inaccuracies. XRF avoids both these issues with minimal sample preparation and high sensitivity and accuracy.</p> <p>This produces reliable results. Additionally, XRF is more rapid than these techniques and makes &ldquo;at-line&rdquo; analysis (analysis at the production site) more feasible.</p> <p>Moreover, XRF requires less re-calibration than traditional elemental analysis techniques, and operators require less training to use XRF equipment. These advantages make XRF a robust, reliable, and efficient option for pharma laboratories.<sup>4</sup></p> <p class="cta-full-width-p"><strong><a href="https://www.news-medical.net/life-sciences/Key-FDA-Decisions-Made-in-2024.aspx">Learn more about the key FDA decisions made in 2024</a></strong></p> <h2><a id="6" name="6"></a>Challenges and considerations in XRF for pharmaceuticals</h2> <p>While X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is a powerful and reliable elemental analysis technique, it has some limitations. Its detection limits, while sensitive, may not be adequate for analyzing certain low-abundance elements compared to methods like ICP-MS. Additionally, XRF instruments have a high initial cost, which can make them less accessible to smaller labs or facilities with budget constraints.</p> <p>Regulatory compliance and certification also present challenges, as the pharmaceutical industry is highly regulated, and XRF is not yet as widely adopted as more established analytical techniques.</p> <h2><a id="7" name="7"></a>Future of XRF in pharmaceutical analysis</h2> <p>XRF is gaining traction as a widely used technology for elemental analysis in the pharmaceutical industry. Advances in sensitivity, miniaturization, and software integration are enhancing its capabilities, and the availability of handheld, portable XRF instruments is making the technology more accessible than ever.</p> <p>New regulations around quality control and safety are also shaping the tools used in pharmaceutical production. Additionally, the growing focus on green chemistry and sustainability makes XRF an ideal choice for pharma labs, thanks to its minimal sample preparation and reduced reliance on toxic reagents.<sup>4</sup></p> <h2><a id="8" name="8"></a>In summary</h2> <p>X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is a powerful, non-destructive, rapid, and safe technique for elemental analysis in the pharmaceutical industry. It is widely used for quality control, detecting impurities, analyzing excipients and active pharmaceutical ingredients, and assessing packaging and containers.</p> <p>Compared to traditional methods like ICP and AAS, XRF offers significant advantages, making it particularly well-suited for pharmaceutical applications. With advancements in technology and increasing emphasis on green chemistry, XRF is becoming an increasingly common analytical tool in pharmaceutical labs globally.</p> <h2><a id="9" name="9"></a>References</h2> <ol> <li>Koul, A (2023) <em>The Power of Analytical Technologies in Pharma and Biopharma Manufacturing </em>[online] ThermoFisher Scientific. Available at: <a href="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/behindthebench/the-power-of-analytical-technologies-in-pharma-and-biopharma-manufacturing/" rel="noopener">https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/behindthebench/the-power-of-analytical-technologies-in-pharma-and-biopharma-manufacturing/</a> (Accessed on 09 November 2024)</li> <li>Horiba Scientific (2024) <em>What is X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and how does XRF work? </em>[online] Available at: <a href="https://www.horiba.com/int/scientific/technologies/energy-dispersive-x-ray-fluorescence-ed-xrf/what-is-x-ray-fluorescence-xrf/" rel="noopener">https://www.horiba.com/int/scientific/technologies/energy-dispersive-x-ray-fluorescence-ed-xrf/what-is-x-ray-fluorescence-xrf/</a> (Accessed on 09 November 2024)</li> <li>Malvern Panalytical (2024) <em>The strategic advantages of X-ray fluorescence for pharmaceutical elemental analysis </em>[online] Available at: <a href="https://www.malvernpanalytical.com/en/learn/knowledge-center/whitepapers/wp240815-xrf-pharma-elemental-analysis" rel="noopener">https://www.malvernpanalytical.com/en/learn/knowledge-center/whitepapers/wp240815-xrf-pharma-elemental-analysis</a> (Accessed on 09 November 2024)</li> <li>Malvern Panalytical (2018) <em>Comparison of elemental analysis techniques &ndash; advantages of XRF in comparison with ICP and AAS </em>[online] Available at: <a href="https://www.malvernpanalytical.com/en/learn/knowledge-center/insights/comparison-of-elemental-analysis-techniques-advantages-of-xrf-in-comparison-with-icp-and-aas/" rel="noopener">https://www.malvernpanalytical.com/en/learn/knowledge-center/insights/comparison-of-elemental-analysis-techniques-advantages-of-xrf-in-comparison-with-icp-and-aas/</a> (Accessed on 09 November 2024)</li> </ol> <h2>Further Reading</h2><ul class="further-reading-list"><li><a href="/?tag=/Fluorescence">All Fluorescence Content</a></li><li><a href="/life-sciences/What-is-Fluorescence-Spectroscopy.aspx">What is Fluorescence Spectroscopy?</a></li><li><a href="https://www.azolifesciences.com/article/How-do-Epifluorescence-Microscopes-Work.aspx">How do Epifluorescence Microscopes Work?</a></li><li><a href="/life-sciences/GFP-tagging-in-Fluorescence-Microscopy.aspx">GFP-tagging in Fluorescence Microscopy</a></li><li><a href="/life-sciences/Fluorescence-Quenching.aspx">Fluorescence Quenching</a></li></ul><div id="further-reading-link"><a data-current-relative-link="/life-sciences/Advantages-of-x-ray-fluorescence-in-pharmaceutical-elemental-analysis.aspx" data-further-reading-tags="Fluorescence" href="#" onclick="return Azom.getFurtherReadingLinks(this);">More...</a></div>&nbsp;</p><script type='text/javascript'> $(function() { Azom.wireUpVideoThumbnailLazyLoading(); }); </script> </div> <p class='updated-dates'> Last Updated: Nov 25, 2024 </p> </div> <div class="ratingcontainer" style="visibility:hidden" data-id="c9ca0883-00be-4e24-95d2-d4d120934eaa" data-raters="0" data-rating=".0" data-page-location="BottomOfContent"></div> <div class="row author-bio-section-thumbnail" data-author-slug="reginald-davey"><div class="authorImage col-xs-12 col-md-2"><img src="https://www.azonetwork.com/themes/clients/images/team/Reginald_Davey.png" alt="Reginald Davey"/></div><div class="authorInfo col-xs-12 col-md-10"><p>Written by</p><h3><a href="https://www.news-medical.net/life-sciences/authors/reginald-davey">Reginald Davey</a></h3><p>Reg Davey is a freelance copywriter and editor based in Nottingham in the United Kingdom. Writing for AZoNetwork represents the coming together of various interests and fields he has been interested and involved in over the years, including Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences, and Environmental Science.</p></div></div> <div class="in-content-ctas-container in-content-ctas-container-bottom"> <div class="in-content-ctas in-content-ctas-bottom cta-btns-cols-1"> <ul> <li class="cta-printpdf"><a href="#" class="request-pdf-download" onclick="return false;"><span class="cta-text"><span>Download</span> <span>PDF Copy</span></span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div style="display:none;" itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization"> <div itemprop="logo" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"> <meta itemprop="url" content="https://www.news-medical.net/themes/Standard/images/amp_site_logo.jpg" /> <meta itemprop="width" content="600" /> <meta itemprop="height" content="56" /> </div> <meta itemprop="name" content="News-Medical" /> <meta itemprop="url" content="https://www.news-medical.net/" /> </div> </div> <div class="content-citations-wrapper"><h2><a href="#" onclick="return Azom.showContentCitations(this);">Citations <span class="icon-circle-down"></span></a></h2><div class="content-citations-section"><p>Please use one of the following formats to cite this article in your essay, paper or report:</p><ul class="citation-list"><li class="citation-item"><p class="citation-format">APA</p><p>Davey, Reginald. (2024, November 25). Advantages of X-Ray Fluorescence in Pharmaceutical Elemental Analysis. News-Medical. Retrieved on March 02, 2025 from https://www.news-medical.net/life-sciences/Advantages-of-x-ray-fluorescence-in-pharmaceutical-elemental-analysis.aspx.</p></li><li class="citation-item"><p class="citation-format">MLA</p><p>Davey, Reginald. &quot;Advantages of X-Ray Fluorescence in Pharmaceutical Elemental Analysis&quot;. <em>News-Medical</em>. 02 March 2025. &lt;https://www.news-medical.net/life-sciences/Advantages-of-x-ray-fluorescence-in-pharmaceutical-elemental-analysis.aspx&gt;.</p></li><li class="citation-item"><p class="citation-format">Chicago</p><p>Davey, Reginald. &quot;Advantages of X-Ray Fluorescence in Pharmaceutical Elemental Analysis&quot;. News-Medical. https://www.news-medical.net/life-sciences/Advantages-of-x-ray-fluorescence-in-pharmaceutical-elemental-analysis.aspx. (accessed March 02, 2025).</p></li><li class="citation-item"><p class="citation-format">Harvard</p><p>Davey, Reginald. 2024. <em>Advantages of X-Ray Fluorescence in Pharmaceutical Elemental Analysis</em>. News-Medical, viewed 02 March 2025, https://www.news-medical.net/life-sciences/Advantages-of-x-ray-fluorescence-in-pharmaceutical-elemental-analysis.aspx.</p></li></ul></div></div> <div id="commentblock"> <h2>Comments</h2> <div id="commentsBlockWrapper" style="display:none;"> <div id='comments-wrap'> </div> </div> <div class="commentDisclaimer"> The opinions expressed here are the views of the writer and do not necessarily reflect the views and opinions of News Medical. </div> <script type='text/javascript'> $(function() { BlogEngine.initComments(); }); </script> <div id="comment-form-bottom-holder"> <div id="comment-form"> <div class="commentForm"> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$cphBody$CommentView1$hiddenReplyTo" id="hiddenReplyTo" /> <p id="cancelReply" style="display:none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="BlogEngine.cancelReply();">Cancel reply to comment</a></p> <div id='comment-status'></div> <div class='azoprofile-identity-box-wrap'> <div class='azoprofile-identity-box-pic'> <img alt='' src='/pics/anonymous_avatar.gif' /> </div> <div class='azoprofile-identity-box-right'> <div id='azoprofile-identity-box-top'>Post a new comment</div> <div class='azoprofile-identity-box-login-wrap'> <a href='#' class='azoprofile-identity-box-login-btn'> <span class='azoprofile-identity-box-login-text'>Login</span> <span class='azoprofile-identity-box-provider-icons'>&nbsp;</span> <span class='azoprofile-identity-box-button'><span class='azoprofile-identity-box-button-arrow'>&nbsp;</span></span> </a> </div> <div class='azoprofile-identity-box-loggedin'> <div class='azoprofile-identity-box-name'></div> <div class='azoprofile-identity-box-logout'><a href='#' onclick='return AZoProfileUtils.onAZoProfileBoxIdentityLogout();'>(Logout)</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div style='clear:both;'></div> <div class='comment-title'> <label class="sr-only" for="tbCommentTitle">Quirky Comment Title</label> <input name="ctl00$cphBody$CommentView1$tbCommentTitle" type="text" maxlength="150" id="tbCommentTitle" tabindex="1" /> </div> <div id="commentCompose"> <textarea name="ctl00$cphBody$CommentView1$tbCommentBody" rows="2" cols="20" id="tbCommentBody" tabindex="7" aria-labelledby="azoprofile-identity-box-top"> </textarea> </div> <a id="post-comment" href="#" onclick="return false;" class="comment-btn">Post</a> <div style="clear:both;"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> var currentCommentItemTypeId = 2; var currentCommentItemId = 'c9ca0883-00be-4e24-95d2-d4d120934eaa'; </script> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ var g_topicNotify = { itemType: 'LifeScienceArticle', itemId: 25526, allTags: [{k:3400,v:'Fluorescence',cbp:true},{k:3346,v:'X-Ray',cbp:true},{k:4005,v:'Analytical Technique',cbp:true},{k:4092,v:'Qualitative Analysis',cbp:true},{k:4922,v:'Sample Preparation',cbp:true},{k:4094,v:'Pharmaceuticals',cbp:true},{k:6154,v:'Quality Control',cbp:true},{k:4792,v:'Manufacturing',cbp:true},{k:744,v:'Spectroscopy',cbp:true},{k:3453,v:'Laboratory',cbp:true},{k:6129,v:'Technology',cbp:true},{k:3858,v:'Wavelength',cbp:true},{k:3418,v:'Compound',cbp:true},{k:4729,v:'Reagents',cbp:true},{k:2784,v:'Drugs',cbp:true},{k:4806,v:'Contamination',cbp:false},{k:5893,v:'Chemicals',cbp:false},{k:6128,v:'Software',cbp:false},{k:2464,v:'Traction',cbp:false}] }; //]]> </script> <div id="topic-notification-signup-box"></div> </main> <div class="sidebar-container main-sidebar-container col-xs-12 col-md-4"> <div id="widgetzone_CommonSidebarLifeSciencesTopV3" class="widgetzone clearfix"><section class="widget literal clearfix sidebar-mrec-wrap" id="widget5e6f24df-ddc9-4572-bcfd-112f9e449607"> <div id='div-gpt-mrec' class='sponsorer-note-bottom'> <script type='text/javascript'> //<![CDATA[ if (g_displayableSlots.desktopSquares) { pushDisplayAd(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-mrec'); }); } //]]> </script> </div> </section></div> <section class="tab-container col-xs-12"> <ul class="nav nav-tabs nav-sidebar-tabs" data-tabs="tabs"> <li class="active"><a href="#tabs-1" data-toggle="tabs"><span>Trending<br />Stories</span></a></li> <li><a href="#tabs-2" data-toggle="tabs"><span>Latest<br />Interviews</span></a></li> <li class="tab-compress"><a href="#tabs-3" data-toggle="tabs"><span>Top Life Sciences Articles</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="tab-content"> <div id="tabs-1" class="tab-pane active interviews-container col-xs-12"> <div id="widgetzone_CommonTabsLifeSciencesTab1V3" class="widgetzone clearfix"><section class="widget mostpopularcontent clearfix common-img-list-outer" id="widgeta9b9ac8e-39e8-4123-8a3a-3d9131e63ed7"><ul class="common-img-list most-popular-content common-img-list-with-thumbs"><li><div class="col-xs-4 col-ms-3 col-sm-2 col-md-5 common-img-list-img"><a href="/news/20250220/Cannabidiol-boosts-endurance-by-reshaping-gut-bacteria-and-enhancing-muscle-performance.aspx"><img class="lazy-load-image" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" data-src="https://d2jx2rerrg6sh3.cloudfront.net/images/news/ImageForNews_803013_457089173066550942579-125x110.jpg" alt="CBD boosts endurance in mice by reshaping gut bacteria and enhancing muscle performance" style="height:110px;" /></a></div><div class="col-xs-8 col-ms-9 col-sm-10 col-md-7 common-img-list-text"><a href="/news/20250220/Cannabidiol-boosts-endurance-by-reshaping-gut-bacteria-and-enhancing-muscle-performance.aspx" class="common-img-list-text">CBD boosts endurance in mice by reshaping gut bacteria and enhancing muscle performance</a></div></li><li><div class="col-xs-4 col-ms-3 col-sm-2 col-md-5 common-img-list-img"><a href="/news/20250223/Aging-isne28099t-just-in-your-genese28094your-environment-plays-a-bigger-role-study-shows.aspx"><img class="lazy-load-image" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" data-src="https://d2jx2rerrg6sh3.cloudfront.net/images/news/ImageForNews_803093_45711312017060185191-125x110.jpg" alt="Aging isn’t just in your genes—your environment plays a bigger role, study shows" style="height:110px;" /></a></div><div class="col-xs-8 col-ms-9 col-sm-10 col-md-7 common-img-list-text"><a href="/news/20250223/Aging-isne28099t-just-in-your-genese28094your-environment-plays-a-bigger-role-study-shows.aspx" class="common-img-list-text">Aging isn’t just in your genes—your environment plays a bigger role, study shows</a></div></li><li><div class="col-xs-4 col-ms-3 col-sm-2 col-md-5 common-img-list-img"><a href="/news/20250223/Microgreens-outshine-mature-vegetables-Study-finds-higher-antioxidants-and-bioactive-compounds.aspx"><img class="lazy-load-image" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" data-src="https://d2jx2rerrg6sh3.cloudfront.net/images/news/ImageForNews_803102_45711886960277782604-125x110.jpg" alt="Microgreens outshine mature vegetables: Study finds higher antioxidants and bioactive compounds" style="height:110px;" /></a></div><div class="col-xs-8 col-ms-9 col-sm-10 col-md-7 common-img-list-text"><a href="/news/20250223/Microgreens-outshine-mature-vegetables-Study-finds-higher-antioxidants-and-bioactive-compounds.aspx" class="common-img-list-text">Microgreens outshine mature vegetables: Study finds higher antioxidants and bioactive compounds</a></div></li><li><div class="col-xs-4 col-ms-3 col-sm-2 col-md-5 common-img-list-img"><a href="/news/20250224/New-antibiotic-design-could-end-the-arms-race-with-resistant-bacteria.aspx"><img class="lazy-load-image" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" data-src="https://d2jx2rerrg6sh3.cloudfront.net/image-handler/picture/2018/7/shutterstock_759938107_019fa45c786843fb8e608dc3f7260242-125x110.jpg" alt="New antibiotic design could end the arms race with resistant bacteria" style="height:110px;" /></a></div><div class="col-xs-8 col-ms-9 col-sm-10 col-md-7 common-img-list-text"><a href="/news/20250224/New-antibiotic-design-could-end-the-arms-race-with-resistant-bacteria.aspx" class="common-img-list-text">New antibiotic design could end the arms race with resistant bacteria</a></div></li><li><div class="col-xs-4 col-ms-3 col-sm-2 col-md-5 common-img-list-img"><a href="/news/20250222/AI-driven-discovery-unveils-TNIK-inhibition-as-anti-aging-strategy.aspx"><img class="lazy-load-image" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" data-src="https://d2jx2rerrg6sh3.cloudfront.net/image-handler/picture/2014/7/134984011-125x110.jpg" alt="AI-driven discovery unveils TNIK inhibition as anti-aging strategy" style="height:110px;" /></a></div><div class="col-xs-8 col-ms-9 col-sm-10 col-md-7 common-img-list-text"><a href="/news/20250222/AI-driven-discovery-unveils-TNIK-inhibition-as-anti-aging-strategy.aspx" class="common-img-list-text">AI-driven discovery unveils TNIK inhibition as anti-aging strategy</a></div></li></ul><div style="clear:both;"></div></section></div> </div><!-- tab 1 --> <div id="tabs-2" class="tab-pane equipment-container col-xs-12"> <div id="widgetzone_CommonTabsLifeSciencesTab2V3" class="widgetzone clearfix"><section class="widget latestinterviews clearfix" id="widget02ae0237-4b3a-487e-b1e2-857dd058ae37"><article class="article-size-3 interview col-xs-12"> <a href="/news/20250226/Microphysiological-systems-in-drug-discovery.aspx"><div class="article-title col-xs-9 col-md-8"> <h3>Microphysiological systems in drug discovery</h3> <p class="hidden-sm">Emily Richardson</p> <p class="visible-sm-block">NewsMedical speaks with CN Bio about the translatability between in vitro organ-on-a-chip (OOC) models, microphysiological systems, and their in vivo counterparts.</p> </div> <div class="article-thumb col-xs-3 col-md-4"> <img class="lazy-load-image" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" data-src="https://d2jx2rerrg6sh3.cloudfront.net/images/news/InterviewImageForNews_796788_17337454886132504.jpg" alt="Microphysiological systems in drug discovery" style="height:110px;" /></div> </a> </article> <article class="article-size-3 interview col-xs-12"> <a href="/news/20250224/Considerations-for-taking-ASO-discovery-programs-into-animal-models.aspx"><div class="article-title col-xs-9 col-md-8"> <h3>Considerations for taking ASO discovery programs into animal models</h3> <p class="hidden-sm">Susanne Back</p> <p class="visible-sm-block">ALS therapy can be drastically advanced with the help of ASOs.</p> </div> <div class="article-thumb col-xs-3 col-md-4"> <img class="lazy-load-image" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" data-src="https://d2jx2rerrg6sh3.cloudfront.net/images/news/InterviewImageForNews_793229_17394610906626967.jpg" alt="Considerations for taking ASO discovery programs into animal models" style="height:110px;" /></div> </a> </article> <article class="article-size-3 interview col-xs-12"> <a href="/news/20250221/Neurofilament-light-as-a-translational-biomarker-from-preclinical-drug-discovery-to-clinical-application.aspx"><div class="article-title col-xs-9 col-md-8"> <h3>Neurofilament light as a translational biomarker</h3> <p class="hidden-sm">Phillip Mitchell</p> <p class="visible-sm-block">Neurofilament light (NFL) is a powerful and sensitive biomarker for tracking neuronal health and disease progression.</p> </div> <div class="article-thumb col-xs-3 col-md-4"> <img class="lazy-load-image" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" data-src="https://d2jx2rerrg6sh3.cloudfront.net/images/news/InterviewImageForNews_794350_17394597250491472.jpg" alt="Neurofilament light as a translational biomarker" style="height:110px;" /></div> </a> </article> </section></div> </div><!-- tab 2 --> <div id="tabs-3" class="tab-pane col-xs-12"> <div id="widgetzone_CommonTabsLifeSciencesTab3V3" class="widgetzone clearfix"><section class="widget mostpopularcontent clearfix common-img-list-outer" id="widget39dd63e0-2eae-478f-8eba-18d0d07dce4e"><ul class="common-img-list most-popular-content common-img-list-with-thumbs"><li><div class="col-xs-4 col-ms-3 col-sm-2 col-md-5 common-img-list-img"><a href="/life-sciences/The-Latest-Advances-in-Cell-and-Gene-Therapy.aspx"><img class="lazy-load-image" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" data-src="https://d2jx2rerrg6sh3.cloudfront.net/images/Article_Images/ImageForArticle_25802_4570836679785887466-125x110.jpg" alt="The Latest Advances in Cell and Gene Therapy" style="height:110px;" /></a></div><div class="col-xs-8 col-ms-9 col-sm-10 col-md-7 common-img-list-text"><a href="/life-sciences/The-Latest-Advances-in-Cell-and-Gene-Therapy.aspx" class="common-img-list-text">The Latest Advances in Cell and Gene Therapy</a></div></li><li><div class="col-xs-4 col-ms-3 col-sm-2 col-md-5 common-img-list-img"><a href="/life-sciences/Why-GLP-1-Manufacturing-Needs-a-New-Biopharma-Approach.aspx"><img class="lazy-load-image" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" data-src="https://d2jx2rerrg6sh3.cloudfront.net/images/Article_Images/ImageForArticle_25821_45713342747488427639-125x110.jpg" alt="Why GLP-1 Manufacturing Needs a New Biopharma Approach" style="height:110px;" /></a></div><div class="col-xs-8 col-ms-9 col-sm-10 col-md-7 common-img-list-text"><a href="/life-sciences/Why-GLP-1-Manufacturing-Needs-a-New-Biopharma-Approach.aspx" class="common-img-list-text">Why GLP-1 Manufacturing Needs a New Biopharma Approach</a></div></li><li><div class="col-xs-4 col-ms-3 col-sm-2 col-md-5 common-img-list-img"><a href="/life-sciences/Market-Report-2025-Pharmaceutical-Manufacturing.aspx"><img class="lazy-load-image" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" data-src="https://d2jx2rerrg6sh3.cloudfront.net/images/Article_Images/ImageForArticle_25680_45671417671805557341-125x110.jpg" alt="Market Report 2025: Pharmaceutical Manufacturing" style="height:110px;" /></a></div><div class="col-xs-8 col-ms-9 col-sm-10 col-md-7 common-img-list-text"><a href="/life-sciences/Market-Report-2025-Pharmaceutical-Manufacturing.aspx" class="common-img-list-text">Market Report 2025: Pharmaceutical Manufacturing</a></div></li><li><div class="col-xs-4 col-ms-3 col-sm-2 col-md-5 common-img-list-img"><a href="/life-sciences/What-is-an-Orphan-Drug-A-Guide-to-Rare-Disease-Therapies.aspx"><img class="lazy-load-image" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" data-src="https://d2jx2rerrg6sh3.cloudfront.net/images/Article_Images/ImageForArticle_25702_45679254782604178970-125x110.jpg" alt="What is an Orphan Drug? A Guide to Rare Disease Therapies" style="height:110px;" /></a></div><div class="col-xs-8 col-ms-9 col-sm-10 col-md-7 common-img-list-text"><a href="/life-sciences/What-is-an-Orphan-Drug-A-Guide-to-Rare-Disease-Therapies.aspx" class="common-img-list-text">What is an Orphan Drug? A Guide to Rare Disease Therapies</a></div></li><li><div class="col-xs-4 col-ms-3 col-sm-2 col-md-5 common-img-list-img"><a href="/life-sciences/Pharmaceuticals-from-Marine-Sources-Past-Present-and-Future.aspx"><img class="lazy-load-image" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" data-src="https://d2jx2rerrg6sh3.cloudfront.net/images/Article_Images/ImageForArticle_25592_456363824951504654965-125x110.jpg" alt="Pharmaceuticals from Marine Sources: Past, Present and Future" style="height:110px;" /></a></div><div class="col-xs-8 col-ms-9 col-sm-10 col-md-7 common-img-list-text"><a href="/life-sciences/Pharmaceuticals-from-Marine-Sources-Past-Present-and-Future.aspx" class="common-img-list-text">Pharmaceuticals from Marine Sources: Past, Present and Future</a></div></li></ul><div style="clear:both;"></div></section></div> </div><!-- tab 3 --> </div><!-- tab-content --> </section> <div id="widgetzone_CommonSidebarLifeSciencesBottomV3" class="widgetzone clearfix"><section class="widget recentposts clearfix common-img-list-outer" id="widget3f6eb6d6-be4a-4c32-9aa7-3d06653a0bd0"><h2 class="widget-top">Latest Life Science News</h2><ul class="common-img-list common-img-list-with-thumbs"><li><div class="col-xs-4 col-ms-3 col-sm-2 col-md-5 common-img-list-img"><a href="/news/20250223/Venom-is-everywhere-Study-examines-hidden-toxin-delivery-systems-across-life-forms.aspx"><img class="lazy-load-image" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" data-src="https://d2jx2rerrg6sh3.cloudfront.net/images/news/ImageForNews_803106_45711962008634266981-125x110.jpg" alt="Venom is everywhere: Study examines hidden toxin delivery systems across life forms" style="height:110px;" /></a></div><div class="col-xs-8 col-ms-9 col-sm-10 col-md-7 common-img-list-text"><a href="/news/20250223/Venom-is-everywhere-Study-examines-hidden-toxin-delivery-systems-across-life-forms.aspx">Venom is everywhere: Study examines hidden toxin delivery systems across life forms</a></div></li><li><div class="col-xs-4 col-ms-3 col-sm-2 col-md-5 common-img-list-img"><a href="/news/20250223/Microgreens-outshine-mature-vegetables-Study-finds-higher-antioxidants-and-bioactive-compounds.aspx"><img class="lazy-load-image" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" data-src="https://d2jx2rerrg6sh3.cloudfront.net/images/news/ImageForNews_803102_45711886960277782604-125x110.jpg" alt="Microgreens outshine mature vegetables: Study finds higher antioxidants and bioactive compounds" style="height:110px;" /></a></div><div class="col-xs-8 col-ms-9 col-sm-10 col-md-7 common-img-list-text"><a href="/news/20250223/Microgreens-outshine-mature-vegetables-Study-finds-higher-antioxidants-and-bioactive-compounds.aspx">Microgreens outshine mature vegetables: Study finds higher antioxidants and bioactive compounds</a></div></li><li><div class="col-xs-4 col-ms-3 col-sm-2 col-md-5 common-img-list-img"><a href="/news/20250220/Cannabidiol-boosts-endurance-by-reshaping-gut-bacteria-and-enhancing-muscle-performance.aspx"><img class="lazy-load-image" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" data-src="https://d2jx2rerrg6sh3.cloudfront.net/images/news/ImageForNews_803013_457089173066550942579-125x110.jpg" alt="CBD boosts endurance in mice by reshaping gut bacteria and enhancing muscle performance" style="height:110px;" /></a></div><div class="col-xs-8 col-ms-9 col-sm-10 col-md-7 common-img-list-text"><a href="/news/20250220/Cannabidiol-boosts-endurance-by-reshaping-gut-bacteria-and-enhancing-muscle-performance.aspx">CBD boosts endurance in mice by reshaping gut bacteria and enhancing muscle performance</a></div></li><li><div class="col-xs-4 col-ms-3 col-sm-2 col-md-5 common-img-list-img"><a href="/news/20250219/Scientists-track-diet-through-stool-DNA-revealing-a-new-way-to-monitor-nutrition.aspx"><img class="lazy-load-image" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" data-src="https://d2jx2rerrg6sh3.cloudfront.net/images/news/ImageForNews_802890_45707861346331024330-125x110.jpg" alt="Scientists track diet through stool DNA, revealing a new way to monitor nutrition" style="height:110px;" /></a></div><div class="col-xs-8 col-ms-9 col-sm-10 col-md-7 common-img-list-text"><a href="/news/20250219/Scientists-track-diet-through-stool-DNA-revealing-a-new-way-to-monitor-nutrition.aspx">Scientists track diet through stool DNA, revealing a new way to monitor nutrition</a></div></li><li><div class="col-xs-4 col-ms-3 col-sm-2 col-md-5 common-img-list-img"><a href="/news/20250214/Dead-bacteria-offer-nutrients-to-neighbors-through-evolved-enzyme.aspx"><img class="lazy-load-image" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" data-src="https://d2jx2rerrg6sh3.cloudfront.net/image-handler/picture/2018/7/Porphyromonas_gingivalis_bacteria%2c_3D_illustration._Anaerobic_bacteria_that_caus_-_Kateryna_Kon_M2_cae122c05022400aa4390f48adc400b5-125x110.jpg" alt="Dead bacteria offer nutrients to neighbors through evolved enzyme" style="height:110px;" /></a></div><div class="col-xs-8 col-ms-9 col-sm-10 col-md-7 common-img-list-text"><a href="/news/20250214/Dead-bacteria-offer-nutrients-to-neighbors-through-evolved-enzyme.aspx">Dead bacteria offer nutrients to neighbors through evolved enzyme</a></div></li></ul><div style="clear:both;"></div></section></div> <div class="sidebar-ebook-placeholder"></div> <script type="text/javascript"> $(function () { Azom.wireNewsletterPreviews(); }); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> $(function () { BlogEngine.initFixedPosition('#newsletter-content', '#newsletter-content-wrap', '.sidebar-container', 'main'); }); </script> <div id="newsletter-content-wrap"> <section id="newsletter-content" class="clearfix"> <h2>Newsletters you may be <span>interested in</span></h2> <ul> <li class="newsletter-widget-item newsletter-subscribe-item col-xs-12" data-include-subscribe-button="true" data-newsletter-id="168"> <div class="newsletter-icon-box col-xs-4 col-md-4"> <a id="ctl00_cphRightBottom_ucNewsletterWidget_lvNewsletters_ctrl0_hypImage" class="newsletter-preview-link" onclick="return false;" href="https://www.news-medical.net/newsletters/webview/?ppnid=168" target="_blank"><img id="ctl00_cphRightBottom_ucNewsletterWidget_lvNewsletters_ctrl0_imgThumbnail" src="https://www.azonetwork.com/newsletters/icons/Medical_Devices.png" alt="Medical Device" /></a> </div> <div class="newsletter-item-name col-xs-8 col-md-8"> <a id="ctl00_cphRightBottom_ucNewsletterWidget_lvNewsletters_ctrl0_hypNewsletterName" class="newsletter-preview-link" onclick="return false;" aria-label="Medical Device Newsletter" href="https://www.news-medical.net/newsletters/webview/?ppnid=168" target="_blank">Medical Device</a> <div class="newsletter-item-preview"> (<a id="ctl00_cphRightBottom_ucNewsletterWidget_lvNewsletters_ctrl0_hypPreview" class="newsletter-preview-link" onclick="return false;" aria-label="Subscribe or Preview Medical Device Newsletter" href="https://www.news-medical.net/newsletters/webview/?ppnid=168" target="_blank">Subscribe or Preview</a>) </div> </div> </li> <li class="newsletter-widget-item newsletter-subscribe-item col-xs-12" data-include-subscribe-button="true" data-newsletter-id="127"> <div class="newsletter-icon-box col-xs-4 col-md-4"> <a id="ctl00_cphRightBottom_ucNewsletterWidget_lvNewsletters_ctrl1_hypImage" class="newsletter-preview-link" onclick="return false;" href="https://www.news-medical.net/newsletters/webview/?ppnid=127" target="_blank"><img id="ctl00_cphRightBottom_ucNewsletterWidget_lvNewsletters_ctrl1_imgThumbnail" src="https://www.azonetwork.com/newsletters/icons/Bladder_Cancer.png" alt="Bladder Cancer" /></a> </div> <div class="newsletter-item-name col-xs-8 col-md-8"> <a id="ctl00_cphRightBottom_ucNewsletterWidget_lvNewsletters_ctrl1_hypNewsletterName" class="newsletter-preview-link" onclick="return false;" aria-label="Bladder Cancer Newsletter" href="https://www.news-medical.net/newsletters/webview/?ppnid=127" target="_blank">Bladder Cancer</a> <div class="newsletter-item-preview"> (<a id="ctl00_cphRightBottom_ucNewsletterWidget_lvNewsletters_ctrl1_hypPreview" class="newsletter-preview-link" onclick="return false;" aria-label="Subscribe or Preview Bladder Cancer Newsletter" href="https://www.news-medical.net/newsletters/webview/?ppnid=127" target="_blank">Subscribe or Preview</a>) </div> </div> </li> <li class="newsletter-widget-item newsletter-subscribe-item col-xs-12" data-include-subscribe-button="true" data-newsletter-id="92"> <div class="newsletter-icon-box col-xs-4 col-md-4"> <a id="ctl00_cphRightBottom_ucNewsletterWidget_lvNewsletters_ctrl2_hypImage" class="newsletter-preview-link" onclick="return false;" href="https://www.news-medical.net/newsletters/webview/?ppnid=92" target="_blank"><img id="ctl00_cphRightBottom_ucNewsletterWidget_lvNewsletters_ctrl2_imgThumbnail" src="https://www.azonetwork.com/newsletters/icons/Prostate_Cancer.png" alt="Prostate Cancer" /></a> </div> <div class="newsletter-item-name col-xs-8 col-md-8"> <a id="ctl00_cphRightBottom_ucNewsletterWidget_lvNewsletters_ctrl2_hypNewsletterName" class="newsletter-preview-link" onclick="return false;" aria-label="Prostate Cancer Newsletter" href="https://www.news-medical.net/newsletters/webview/?ppnid=92" target="_blank">Prostate Cancer</a> <div class="newsletter-item-preview"> (<a id="ctl00_cphRightBottom_ucNewsletterWidget_lvNewsletters_ctrl2_hypPreview" class="newsletter-preview-link" onclick="return false;" aria-label="Subscribe or Preview Prostate Cancer Newsletter" href="https://www.news-medical.net/newsletters/webview/?ppnid=92" target="_blank">Subscribe or Preview</a>) </div> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="footer"> <a id="ctl00_cphRightBottom_ucNewsletterWidget_lvNewsletters_hypSeeAllLink" href="/life-sciences/newsletters">See all Newsletters &raquo;</a> </div> </section> </div> </div> <footer class="footer col-xs-12"> <div class="row footer-newsguard"> <div class="col-xs-12"> <div class="newsguard-logo-with-rating"> <a href="/life-sciences/newsguard"> <img src="https://d2jx2rerrg6sh3.cloudfront.net/images/newsguard-logo.svg" width="300" height="47" alt="NewsGuard" /> <img src="https://d2jx2rerrg6sh3.cloudfront.net/images/newsguard-100.svg" width="300" height="65" alt="NewsGuard 100/100 Score" /> </a> </div> <div class="footer-newsguard-text"> High Credibility: This website adheres to all nine standards of credibility and transparency. </div> </div> </div> <div class="row footer-icons"> <div class="col-xs-12"> <a href="//privacy.truste.com/privacy-seal/validation?rid=80814776-9892-4bc0-a905-50180d9d0296" target="_blank"><img style="border: none" src="//privacy-policy.truste.com/privacy-seal/seal?rid=80814776-9892-4bc0-a905-50180d9d0296" width="142" height="45" alt="TRUSTe"/></a> <a href="https://registry.blockmarktech.com/certificates/b5720d0b-7698-4c0d-b58c-92920915c193/" target="_blank" class="ce-plus-badge"><img src="https://d2jx2rerrg6sh3.cloudfront.net/images/cyberessentials_plus_245x90.png" width="245" height="90" alt="Cyber Essentials Plus" /></a> </div> </div> <div class="row footer-top-row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-ms-6 col-sm-6 col-md-3 footer-menu footer-menu-top-row-first-col"> <h3>Medical Links</h3> <nav aria-role="nav" class="row"> <ul> <li><a aria-label="Medical Home" href="/medical">Medical Home</a></li> <li><a aria-label="COVID-19" href="/condition/Coronavirus-Disease-COVID-19">COVID-19</a></li> <li><a aria-label="Medical News" href="/medical/news">News</a></li> <li><a aria-label="Health A-Z" href="/medical-a-z.aspx">Health A-Z</a></li> <li><a aria-label="Medical White Papers" href="/medical/whitepapers">White Papers</a></li> <li><a aria-label="Medical Thought Leaders" href="/medical/thought-leaders">Thought Leaders</a></li> <li><a aria-label="Medical Insights" href="/medical/insights-from-industry">Insights</a></li> <li><a aria-label="MediKnowledge Series" href="/mediknowledge">MediKnowledge Series</a></li> <li><a aria-label="Health &amp; Personal Care" href="/Consumer-Products">Health &amp; Personal Care</a></li> <li><a aria-label="Medical Devices" href="/Clinical-and-Diagnostics">Medical Devices</a></li> <li><a aria-label="Medical Drugs" href="/drugs-a-z.aspx">Drugs</a></li> <li><a aria-label="Medical eBooks" href="/medical/ebooks">eBooks</a></li> <li><a aria-label="Medical Posters" href="/medical/posters">Posters</a></li> <li><a aria-label="Medical Podcasts" href="/medical/podcasts">Podcasts</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-ms-6 col-sm-6 col-md-3 footer-menu footer-menu-top-row-second-col life-sciences-useful-links"> <h3>Life Sciences Links</h3> <nav aria-role="nav" class="row"> <ul> <li><a aria-label="Life Sciences Home" href="/life-sciences">Life Sciences Home</a></li> <li><a aria-label="Life Sciences News" href="/life-sciences/news">News</a></li> <li><a aria-label="Life Sciences Lab Instruments &amp; Equipment" href="/Life-Science-and-Laboratory">Lab Instruments &amp; Equipment</a></li> <li><a aria-label="Life Sciences A-Z" href="/life-sciences-a-z">Life Sciences A-Z</a></li> <li><a aria-label="Life Sciences White Papers" href="/life-sciences/whitepapers">White Papers</a></li> <li><a aria-label="Life Sciences Thought Leaders" href="/life-sciences/thought-leaders">Thought Leaders</a></li> <li><a aria-label="Life Sciences Insights" href="/life-sciences/insights-from-industry">Insights</a></li> <li><a aria-label="Life Sciences Webinars" href="/life-sciences/webinars">Webinars</a></li> <li><a aria-label="Life Sciences eBooks" href="/life-sciences/ebooks">eBooks</a></li> <li><a aria-label="Life Sciences Posters" href="/life-sciences/posters">Posters</a></li> <li><a aria-label="Life Sciences Podcasts" href="/life-sciences/podcasts">Podcasts</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-ms-6 col-sm-6 col-md-3 footer-menu footer-menu-top-row-third-col other-useful-links"> <h3>Other Useful Links</h3> <nav aria-role="nav" class="row"> <ul> <li><a aria-label="Life Sciences About Us" href="/life-sciences/about">About</a></li> <li><a aria-label="Life Sciences Meet the Team" href="/life-sciences/team">Meet the Team</a></li> <li><a aria-label="Life Sciences Search" href="/life-sciences/search">Search</a></li> <li><a aria-label="Life Sciences Newsletters" href="/life-sciences/newsletters">Newsletters</a></li> <li><a aria-label="Life Sciences Sitemap" href="/sitemap.axd">Sitemap</a></li> <li><a aria-label="Life Sciences Advertise" href="/life-sciences/advertise">Advertise</a></li> <li><a aria-label="Life Sciences Contact" href="/life-sciences/contact">Contact</a></li> <li><a aria-label="Life Sciences Terms &amp; Conditions" href="/life-sciences/terms">Terms &amp; Conditions</a></li> <li><a aria-label="Life Sciences Privacy &amp; Cookie Policy" href="/life-sciences/privacy">Privacy &amp; Cookie Policy</a></li> <li><a aria-label="Life Sciences Content Policy" href="/life-sciences/content-policy">Content Policy</a></li> <li><a aria-label="Life Sciences Ownership &amp; Funding Information" href="/life-sciences/about#ownership-funding">Ownership &amp; Funding Information</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-ms-6 col-sm-6 col-md-3 footer-menu footer-menu-top-row-fourth-col azosites-menu-wrap"> <h3>Other AZoNetwork Sites</h3> <nav aria-role="nav" class="row"> <ul> <li><a aria-label="AZoM" href="https://www.azom.com/">AZoM</a></li> <li><a aria-label="AZoNano" href="https://www.azonano.com/">AZoNano</a></li> <li><a aria-label="AZoCleantech" href="https://www.azocleantech.com/">AZoCleantech</a></li> <li><a aria-label="AZoOptics" href="https://www.azooptics.com/">AZoOptics</a></li> <li><a aria-label="AZoRobotics" href="https://www.azorobotics.com/">AZoRobotics</a></li> <li><a aria-label="AZoSensors" href="https://www.azosensors.com/">AZoSensors</a></li> <li><a aria-label="AZoMining" href="https://www.azomining.com/">AZoMining</a></li> <li><a aria-label="AZoQuantum" href="https://www.azoquantum.com/">AZoQuantum</a></li> <li><a aria-label="AZoBuild" href="https://www.azobuild.com/">AZoBuild</a></li> <li><a aria-label="AZoLifeSciences" href="https://www.azolifesciences.com/">AZoLifeSciences</a></li> <li><a aria-label="AZoAi" href="https://www.azoai.com/">AZoAi</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="footer-matter col-xs-12"> <div class="footer-container"> <div class="center-block logo col-sm-3 col-xs-12"> <img src="https://d2jx2rerrg6sh3.cloudfront.net/themes/Standard/images/nm-logo-4.png" srcset="https://d2jx2rerrg6sh3.cloudfront.net/themes/Standard/images/nm-logo-4-@2x.png 2x, https://d2jx2rerrg6sh3.cloudfront.net/themes/Standard/images/nm-logo-4-@3x.png 3x" alt="News-Medical" /> <ul class="social"> <li> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/NewsMedical" aria-label="News-Medical Facebook page"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon-facebook"></span> <span class="sr-only">Facebook</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://twitter.com/NewsLifeScience" aria-label="News-Medical Twitter page"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon-twitter-x"></span> <span class="sr-only">Twitter</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/news-medical/" aria-label="News-Medical LinkedIn page"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon-linkedin2"></span> <span class="sr-only">LinkedIn</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-sm-9 col-xs-12 footer-matter-right"> <p class="site-disclaimer"> News-Medical.Net provides this medical information service in accordance with these <a href="/life-sciences/terms">terms and conditions</a>. Please note that medical information found on this website is designed to support, not to replace the relationship between patient and physician/doctor and the medical advice they may provide. </p> <div class="footer-update-privacy-preferences"> <a onclick="BlogEngine.displayCookieSettings('Footer Link');"> <span class="update-privacy-preferences-lock-icon"></span> Update Your Privacy Preferences </a> </div> <p class="site-last-updated">Last Updated: Sunday 2 Mar 2025</p> </div> <div class="footer-matter-right-contents"> <p><a href="https://www.azonetwork.com/" target="_blank"><img src="https://www.azonetwork.com/images/azonetwork_logo_footer_80.png" alt="AZoNetwork"></a></p> <p>News-Medical.net - An AZoNetwork Site</p> <p>Owned and operated by AZoNetwork, &copy; 2000-2025</p> </div> </div> </div> </footer> <!-- output the chat widget --> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$acChat$hdnApiDomain" id="hdnApiDomain" value="https://www.azoscience.com/" /> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$acChat$hdnWebsiteName" id="hdnWebsiteName" value="NewsMedical" /> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$acChat$hdnLoginRequiredForAzthenaChat" id="hdnLoginRequiredForAzthenaChat" value="true" /> <div class="chat-launcher-icon"> <button type="button" aria-label="Chat with Azthena" data-tooltip="Chat with our AI Assistant" data-tooltip-position="left" > <img src="https://d2jx2rerrg6sh3.cloudfront.net/images/ai-chat-icon.svg" alt="Azthena chat logo" /> </button> </div> <div class="chat-app-container" data-window-maximised="false" style="display:none;"> <header class="chat-app-header"> <div class="chat-logo"> <svg class="" id="azthenaicon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 786.6 169.55" role="img" focusable="false"> <title>Azthena logo with the word Azthena</title> <g> <g> <path d="m23.48,49c-9.76,9.76-15.8,23.24-15.8,38.13,0,29.77,24.14,53.91,53.91,53.91,14.89,0,28.37-6.04,38.13-15.79-39.85-4.79-71.45-36.39-76.24-76.24h0Z"></path> <path d="m141.6,101.53c3.87-14.41,7.12-50.5-18.4-76.02-34.02-34.02-89.18-34.02-123.2,0l23.48,23.48c9.76-9.76,23.23-15.79,38.12-15.79,29.77,0,53.91,24.14,53.91,53.91,0,14.89-6.03,28.37-15.79,38.12l20.52,20.52,23.79,23.79s-14.44-23.33-2.43-68.02Z"></path> <path d="m247.38,42.42l32.48,70.27h-16.97l-5.31-13.01h-27.59l-5.31,13.01h-16.97l32.48-70.27h7.19Zm-3.54,23.63l-8.75,21.34h17.49l-8.75-21.34h0Z"></path> <path d="m356.84,42.94v3.75l-35.81,52.99h35.81v13.01h-58.61v-3.75l35.19-52.99h-32.9v-13.01s56.32,0,56.32,0Z"></path> <path d="m436,42.94v13.01h-22.28v56.43h-14.37v-56.43h-22.28v-13.01s58.93,0,58.93,0Z"></path> <path d="m474.36,42.94v28.42h32.38v-28.42h14.37v69.75h-14.37v-28.32h-32.38v28.32h-14.47V42.94h14.47Z"></path> <path d="m597.87,71.25v11.76h-30.82v16.87h34.88v12.81h-49.35V42.94h49.35v12.49h-34.88v15.82h30.82Z"></path> <path d="m692.34,42.94v70.27h-5.21l-41.33-42.58v42.06h-14.47V42.42h5.21l41.33,43.21v-42.68h14.47Z"></path> <path d="m754.12,42.42l32.48,70.27h-16.97l-5.31-13.01h-27.59l-5.31,13.01h-16.97l32.48-70.27h7.19Zm-3.54,23.63l-8.75,21.34h17.49l-8.75-21.34h.01Z"></path> </g> </g> </svg> </div> <div class="chat-container-actions"> <button type="button" id="maximise-minimise-button" class="expand-collapse-view" role="button" aria-label="Maximise chat window"> <!-- maximise icon --> <svg class="icon icon-tabler icon-tabler-arrows-maximize" fill="none" height="24" stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img"> <title>Maximise chat window</title> <path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none" stroke="none"/><polyline points="16 4 20 4 20 8"/><line x1="14" x2="20" y1="10" y2="4"/><polyline points="8 20 4 20 4 16"/><line x1="4" x2="10" y1="20" y2="14"/><polyline points="16 20 20 20 20 16"/><line x1="14" x2="20" y1="14" y2="20"/><polyline points="8 4 4 4 4 8"/><line x1="4" x2="10" y1="4" y2="10"/></svg> </button> <button type="button" id="hide-chat-window" role="button" aria-label="Hide chat window"> <svg viewPort="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"> <title>Hide chat window</title> <line x1="4" y1="20" x2="20" y2="4" stroke-width="2" /> <line x1="4" y1="4" x2="20" y2="20" stroke-width="2" /> </svg> </button> </div> <div class="chat-strapline"> <p> Your AI Powered Scientific Assistant </p> </div> </header> <div class="chat-message-container"> <!-- AI and user messages will go here... --> <!-- AI message --> <div class="bot-message default-message"> <div class="bot-icon"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 144.23 169.55" focusable="false" role="img"> <defs></defs> <g> <path class="azthena-color-3" d="m23.48,49c-9.76,9.76-15.8,23.24-15.8,38.13,0,29.77,24.14,53.91,53.91,53.91,14.89,0,28.37-6.04,38.13-15.79-39.85-4.79-71.45-36.39-76.24-76.24Z"></path> <path class="azthena-color-1" d="m141.6,101.53c3.87-14.41,7.12-50.5-18.4-76.02C89.18-8.51,34.02-8.51,0,25.52l23.48,23.48c9.76-9.76,23.23-15.79,38.12-15.79,29.77,0,53.91,24.14,53.91,53.91,0,14.89-6.03,28.37-15.79,38.12l20.52,20.52,23.79,23.79s-14.44-23.33-2.43-68.02Z"></path> </g> </svg> </div> <div class="bot-message-content"> <p>Hi, I'm Azthena, you can trust me to find commercial scientific answers from News-Medical.net.</p> <div class="azthena-login-message"> <p>To start a conversation, please log into your AZoProfile account first, or create a new account.</p> <p>Registered members can chat with Azthena, request quotations, download pdf's, brochures and subscribe to our related <a id="ctl00_acChat_hypNewsletterContentLink" href="/life-sciences/newsletters" target="_blank">newsletter content</a>.</p> <div class="azthena-button-container"> <button type="button" class="azthena-button azthena-login-button" aria-label="Login">Log in</button> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- AI Terms --> <div class="bot-message terms-details"> <div class="bot-icon"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 144.23 169.55" focusable="false" role="img"> <defs></defs> <g> <path class="azthena-color-3" d="m23.48,49c-9.76,9.76-15.8,23.24-15.8,38.13,0,29.77,24.14,53.91,53.91,53.91,14.89,0,28.37-6.04,38.13-15.79-39.85-4.79-71.45-36.39-76.24-76.24Z"></path> <path class="azthena-color-1" d="m141.6,101.53c3.87-14.41,7.12-50.5-18.4-76.02C89.18-8.51,34.02-8.51,0,25.52l23.48,23.48c9.76-9.76,23.23-15.79,38.12-15.79,29.77,0,53.91,24.14,53.91,53.91,0,14.89-6.03,28.37-15.79,38.12l20.52,20.52,23.79,23.79s-14.44-23.33-2.43-68.02Z"></path> </g> </svg> </div> <div class="bot-message-content"> <p>A few things you need to know before we start. <b>Please read and <u>accept</u> to continue.</b></p> <ul> <li> Use of “Azthena” is subject to the terms and conditions of use as set out by <a href="https://openai.com/policies/terms-of-use" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">OpenAI</a>. </li> <li> Content provided on any AZoNetwork sites are subject to the site <a href="/life-sciences/terms" target="_blank">Terms &amp; Conditions</a> and <a href="/life-sciences/privacy" target="_blank">Privacy Policy</a>. </li> <li> Large Language Models can make mistakes. Consider checking important information. </li> </ul> <div class="agree-azthena-container"> <input type="checkbox" id="agree-azthena-tips" title="Required to continue" /><label for="agree-azthena-tips" class="agree-azthena-text">I understand, and agree to receive occasional emails about Azthena such as usage tips and new feature announcements.</label> <p class="azthena-agree-tips-warning">Please check the box above to proceed.</p> </div> <div class="azthena-button-container"> <button type="button" class="azthena-button accept-terms-button" aria-label="Accept Terms">Start Chat</button> </div> </div> </div> <!-- AI Terms accepted --> <div class="bot-message terms-accepted terms-pending-acceptance"> <div class="bot-icon"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 144.23 169.55" focusable="false" role="img"> <defs></defs> <g> <path class="azthena-color-3" d="m23.48,49c-9.76,9.76-15.8,23.24-15.8,38.13,0,29.77,24.14,53.91,53.91,53.91,14.89,0,28.37-6.04,38.13-15.79-39.85-4.79-71.45-36.39-76.24-76.24Z"></path> <path class="azthena-color-1" d="m141.6,101.53c3.87-14.41,7.12-50.5-18.4-76.02C89.18-8.51,34.02-8.51,0,25.52l23.48,23.48c9.76-9.76,23.23-15.79,38.12-15.79,29.77,0,53.91,24.14,53.91,53.91,0,14.89-6.03,28.37-15.79,38.12l20.52,20.52,23.79,23.79s-14.44-23.33-2.43-68.02Z"></path> </g> </svg> </div> <div class="bot-message-content"> <p>Great. Ask your question.</p> </div> </div> </div> <!-- end message list container --> <!-- user input --> <div class="chat-app-footer"> <div class="chat-message-options"> <button type="button" id="clear-chat-button" title="Clear Chat" aria-label="Clear Chat"> <svg focusable="false" role="img"> <title>Clear Chat</title> <use href="/images/trash.svg#icon" /> </svg>Clear Chat </button> <select id="response-types" class="response-types" title="Response Types" name="response-types"> <option value="0">Brief</option> <option value="1">Moderate</option> <option selected value="2">Detailed</option> </select> </div> <div class="chat-inputs"> <textarea class="user-textarea" placeholder="Message..."></textarea> <button type="button" aria-label="Send Message" id="send-message-button" class="chat-action-button"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img"> <path d="M17.71,11.29l-5-5a1,1,0,0,0-.33-.21,1,1,0,0,0-.76,0,1,1,0,0,0-.33.21l-5,5a1,1,0,0,0,1.42,1.42L11,9.41V17a1,1,0,0,0,2,0V9.41l3.29,3.3a1,1,0,0,0,1.42,0A1,1,0,0,0,17.71,11.29Z"></path></svg> </button> <button type="button" aria-label="Cancel response" id="stop-response-button" class="chat-action-button"> <svg fill="none" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" focusable="false" role="img"> <path d="M4.5 3C3.67157 3 3 3.67157 3 4.5V15.5C3 16.3284 3.67157 17 4.5 17H15.5C16.3284 17 17 16.3284 17 15.5V4.5C17 3.67157 16.3284 3 15.5 3H4.5Z"/></svg> </button> </div> <div class="input-terms"> <p> Azthena may occasionally provide inaccurate responses.<br /> <a href="#" class="full-terms-link">Read the full terms</a>. </p> </div> </div> <!-- .chat-container-screen"> --> </div> <!-- end .aichat-container --> <div id="full-terms-dialog" class="full-terms-dialog mp-common-dialog mfp-with-anim mfp-hide"> <div class="full-terms-dialog-content"> <p class="modal-terms-dialog-title">Terms</p> <p> While we only use edited and approved content for Azthena answers, it may on occasions provide incorrect responses. Please confirm any data provided with the related suppliers or authors. We do not provide medical advice, if you search for medical information you must always consult a medical professional before acting on any information provided. </p> <p> Your questions, but not your email details will be shared with OpenAI and retained for 30 days in accordance with their privacy principles. </p> <p> Please do not ask questions that use sensitive or confidential information. </p> <p>Read the full <a id="modal-terms-dialog-full-terms-link" href="/life-sciences/terms" target="_blank">Terms &amp; Conditions</a>.</p> </div> </div> <div id="chat-response-feedback-dialog" class="chat-response-feedback-dialog mp-common-dialog mfp-with-anim mfp-hide"> <div class="chat-response-feedback-dialog-content"> <p class="modal-response-feedback-title">Provide Feedback</p> <textarea rows="5" placeholder="Please provide details here. To help protect your privacy don't include any personal information." class="modal-textarea chat-response-feedback-textarea"></textarea> <div class="modal-buttons"> <button type="button" aria-label="Submit feedback" class="modal-button response-feedback-submit-button">Submit</button> <button type="button" aria-label="Cancel submitting feedback" class="modal-button response-feedback-cancel-button">Cancel</button> </div> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ $(function() { var regTags = [ 'Analytical Technique','Chemicals','Compound','Contamination','Drugs','Fluorescence','Laboratory','Manufacturing','Pharmaceuticals','Qualitative Analysis','Quality Control','Reagents','Sample Preparation','Software','Spectroscopy','Technology','Traction','Wavelength','X-Ray' ]; for (var i = 0; i < regTags.length; i++) { Azom.pushAnalyticsEvent('life_sciences_tag_pageview', { event_label: regTags[i] }); } Azom.pushAnalyticsEvent(Encoder.htmlDecode('no_adsense_pageview'), { event_label: Encoder.htmlDecode('desktop lifesciences') }); }); //]]> </script> </form> </div><!-- container --> <div id="right-block" class="side-block"> </div><!-- right-block --> </div><!-- page-wrap --> </div><!-- wide-screen-container --> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ var pageImpressionData = { pk: 1, ct: 103, cntid: 25526, catid: '', tid: 0 }; //]]> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ var contentViewData = { type: 'LifeScienceArticle', id: 25526 }; //]]> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://d2jx2rerrg6sh3.cloudfront.net/bundles/js/desktop/base?v=pZ50GDyUSNXD_QFwuAfJnhQuFM7GM1A_ul2ICTMHvz41"></script> <div class='overlay-content-wrapper'> <!-- rfq start --> <div style="position:absolute;visibility:hidden;"> <div id="rfqForm" class="azoForm-dialog azoForm-desktop-container mfp-with-anim"> <div class="rfq-form-dialog-container-contents"></div> </div> </div> <div id="rfqFormMobileContainerOnPage" class="azoForm-mobile-container"></div> <!-- rfq end --> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ var RfqData = { "RfqSideTabCssClass": "requestQuoteGeneric", "Items": [ { "id": "rfq-generic", "elementSelectors": ["a.requestQuoteGeneric"], "itemType": "generic", "itemName": "", "itemId": 0, "formTitle": "Request a Quote or Further Information" } ] } ; $(function() { Azom.initRfqPage(); }); //]]> </script> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10