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.mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/R4_nuclear_reactor" title="Special:EditPage/R4 nuclear reactor">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22R4+nuclear+reactor%22">"R4 nuclear reactor"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22R4+nuclear+reactor%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22R4+nuclear+reactor%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22R4+nuclear+reactor%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22R4+nuclear+reactor%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22R4+nuclear+reactor%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2013</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>R4 nuclear reactor</b> was a <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_reactor" title="Nuclear reactor">nuclear reactor</a> built at Marviken, <a href="/wiki/Vikbolandet" title="Vikbolandet">Vikbolandet</a> and the fourth nuclear reactor built in <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>. It was <a href="/wiki/Heavy_water" title="Heavy water">heavy water</a> <a href="/wiki/Neutron_moderator" title="Neutron moderator">moderated</a> and intended for the dual role of <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002130000000000000♠"></span>130 <a href="/wiki/MWe" class="mw-redirect" title="MWe">MWe</a></span> of power generation as well as <a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">plutonium</a> production. It had a central role in the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_nuclear_weapon_programme" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish nuclear weapon programme">Swedish nuclear weapon programme</a>. During the mid 1960s, the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Sweden)" class="mw-redirect" title="Social Democratic Party (Sweden)">social democratic</a> government officially abandoned the project of designing Swedish nuclear weapons and the Marviken plant became derelict. It was never loaded with fuel, and the project was cancelled in 1970. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Experimental_site">Experimental site</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R4_nuclear_reactor&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Experimental site"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The situation that the reactor was nearly completed, but never loaded with fuel, made it possible to use the plant for advanced international experiments during late 1970s and early 1980s, simulating various aspects of accident scenarios in nuclear power plants.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Four series of experiments were performed:<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>MARVIKEN-FSCB-I/II, Marviken Full Scale Containment Blowdown experiments Series I/II - where the pressure-suppression principle with a condensation pool, used by nearly all <a href="/wiki/Boiling_water_reactor" title="Boiling water reactor">BWR</a>-reactors in the world, was tested. In a reactor with this design steam from postulated pipe breaks is directed down to a condensation pool, which causes the steam to condense which limits the pressure increase in the containment during such an accident scenario. This design make it possible to reduce the size of a BWR-containment.</li> <li>MARVIKEN-ATT, Marviken Aerosol Transport Test experiments - where migration and distribution of aerosols in a containment was studied, which is important for assessing accident scenarios with significant fuel melting, "core-melts".</li> <li>MARVIKEN-CFT, Marviken Full Scale Critical Flow Tests - where tests were performed for quantifying steam flows from pipe breaks</li> <li>MARVIKEN-JIT, Marviken Full Scale Jet Impingement Tests experiments - where tests were performed for assessing to what extent the steam jet from a pipe break can damage nearby equipment.</li></ul> <p>Large amounts of data were collected and are archived at <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Energy_Agency" title="Nuclear Energy Agency">OECD/NEA</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and have been used for validation of computer simulation codes for nuclear power plants. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conversion_to_fossil-fuel_plant">Conversion to fossil-fuel plant</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R4_nuclear_reactor&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Conversion to fossil-fuel plant"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When the construction of the nuclear reactor was finally stopped 1970 a boiler house and an oil fired steam boiler was built. This made it possible to use the non-nuclear parts of the power station as well as the connecting power grid line. Since the turbine was optimized for the comparably low steam temperature and pressure from a nuclear reactor the efficiency of the oil fired plant became low (approximately 30 percent) compared to conventional fossil-fuel fired plants which may have efficiencies of 40 or even close to 50 percent. Hence the plant was only used as a peak load plant. </p><p>The oil fired boiler had a thermal power of approximately <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7008700000000000000♠"></span>700 <a href="/wiki/Megawatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Megawatt">MW</a></span> at an oil consumption of <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7001170000000000000♠"></span>17 <a href="/wiki/Kilogram" title="Kilogram">kg</a>/<a href="/wiki/Second" title="Second">s</a></span>, and the corresponding electrical power was approximately <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7008200000000000000♠"></span>200 MW</span>. The plant was in operation until March 2009, but has since been decommissioned. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conversion_to_green_field">Conversion to green field</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R4_nuclear_reactor&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Conversion to green field"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Nuclear reactor, the oil fired power station and surrounding 250 hectares of land and water was acquired by Synthesis Real Estate during 2018. Synthesis Analytics is building a computing center to leverage the vast access to energy (due to the extensive connections to the Swedish power grid) while Synthesis Real Estate will develop an Archipelago City heated by the surplus heat from the computing center. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R4_nuclear_reactor&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The nuclear reactor at Marviken plays a big role in Swedish thriller/sci-fi writer <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lars_Wilder%C3%A4ng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lars Wilderäng (page does not exist)">Lars Wilderäng</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lars_Wilder%C3%A4ng" class="extiw" title="sv:Lars Wilderäng">sv</a>]</span>'s 2020 novel <span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">Redovisningsavdelning Marviken</i></span> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">Accounting Department Marviken</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R4_nuclear_reactor&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFOlaf_Zobel2011" class="citation news cs1">Olaf Zobel (17 March 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.folkbladet.se/nyheter/norrkoping/default.aspx?articleid=5571020">"Kärnkraftstekniker från Japan övade i Norrköping (Nuclear technicians from Japan were exercising in Norrköping)"</a>. <i>Folkbladet</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Folkbladet&rft.atitle=K%C3%A4rnkraftstekniker+fr%C3%A5n+Japan+%C3%B6vade+i+Norrk%C3%B6ping+%28Nuclear+technicians+from+Japan+were+exercising+in+Norrk%C3%B6ping%29&rft.date=2011-03-17&rft.au=Olaf+Zobel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.folkbladet.se%2Fnyheter%2Fnorrkoping%2Fdefault.aspx%3Farticleid%3D5571020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR4+nuclear+reactor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oecd-nea.org/dbprog/ccvm/marviken.htm">"CSNI Code Validation Matrix - Marviken"</a>. OECD/NEA - CSNI<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-11-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CSNI+Code+Validation+Matrix+-+Marviken&rft.pub=OECD%2FNEA+-+CSNI&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oecd-nea.org%2Fdbprog%2Fccvm%2Fmarviken.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR4+nuclear+reactor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R4_nuclear_reactor&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://users.owt.com/smsrpm/nksafe/testfac.html">List of major nuclear safety-related experimental facilities</a>.</li></ul> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=R4_nuclear_reactor&params=58_33_11_N_16_49_58_E_region:SE_type:landmark_source:kolossus-svwiki"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">58°33′11″N</span> <span class="longitude">16°49′58″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">58.55306°N 16.83278°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">58.55306; 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