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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Early political career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_political_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leadership_(1990)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leadership_(1990)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Leadership (1990)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leadership_(1990)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1995_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1995_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>1995 election</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1995_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Premier_of_Ontario_(1995–2002)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Premier_of_Ontario_(1995–2002)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Premier of Ontario (1995–2002)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Premier_of_Ontario_(1995–2002)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Premier of Ontario (1995–2002) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Premier_of_Ontario_(1995–2002)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First_term_(1995–1999)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_term_(1995–1999)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>First term (1995–1999)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_term_(1995–1999)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Common_Sense_Revolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Common_Sense_Revolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>Common Sense Revolution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Common_Sense_Revolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.2</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1995_referendum_on_the_separation_of_Quebec" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1995_referendum_on_the_separation_of_Quebec"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.3</span> <span>1995 referendum on the separation of Quebec</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1995_referendum_on_the_separation_of_Quebec-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ipperwash_crisis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ipperwash_crisis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.4</span> <span>Ipperwash crisis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ipperwash_crisis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_term_(1999–2002)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_term_(1999–2002)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Second term (1999–2002)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_term_(1999–2002)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-After_politics_(2002–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#After_politics_(2002–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>After politics (2002–present)</span> </div> </a> <button 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</a> <ul id="toc-Federal_politics_speculation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Distinctions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distinctions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Distinctions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distinctions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label 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href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%83_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3_(%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%89_%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%83%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7)" title="مايك هاريس (سياسى من كندا) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مايك هاريس (سياسى من كندا)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Harris_(polityk)" title="Mike Harris (polityk) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mike Harris (polityk)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81,_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA" title="Харрис, Майк – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Харрис, Майк" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">22nd Premier of Ontario (born 1945)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For his son, see <a href="/wiki/Mike_Harris_Jr." title="Mike Harris Jr.">Mike Harris Jr.</a> For other people, see <a href="/wiki/Michael_Harris_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Michael Harris (disambiguation)">Michael Harris (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Mike Harris</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Ontario" title="Order of Ontario">OOnt</a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Mike_Harris_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Mike_Harris_2014.jpg/220px-Mike_Harris_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Mike_Harris_2014.jpg/330px-Mike_Harris_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Mike_Harris_2014.jpg/440px-Mike_Harris_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1590" data-file-height="1986" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Harris in 2014</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">22nd <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Ontario" title="Premier of Ontario">Premier of Ontario</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />June 26, 1995 – April 14, 2002</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Lieutenant Governor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hal_Jackman" title="Hal Jackman">Hal Jackman</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Hilary_Weston" title="Hilary Weston">Hilary Weston</a><br /><a href="/wiki/James_Bartleman" title="James Bartleman">James Bartleman</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Rae" title="Bob Rae">Bob Rae</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ernie_Eves" title="Ernie Eves">Ernie Eves</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Leader of the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Ontario" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario">Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />May 12, 1990 – March 23, 2002</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Andy_Brandt" title="Andy Brandt">Andy Brandt</a> (interim)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ernie_Eves" title="Ernie Eves">Ernie Eves</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Provincial_Parliament_(Ontario)" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Provincial Parliament (Ontario)">Member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario</a> for <a href="/wiki/Nipissing_(provincial_electoral_district)" title="Nipissing (provincial electoral district)">Nipissing</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />March 19, 1981 – April 14, 2002</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Bolan" title="Mike Bolan">Mike Bolan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Al_McDonald" title="Al McDonald">Al McDonald</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Michael Deane Harris</div><br /><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1945-01-23</span>) </span>January 23, 1945<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 79)</span> </span><br /><a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, Ontario, Canada</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Ontario" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario">Progressive Conservative</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Mary Alyce Coward<br />(m. 1967, div.),<br />Janet Harrison<br />(m. 1974, div.),<br />Laura Maguire (m. 2005)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relations</th><td class="infobox-data">2 sons with Janet Harrison, including <a href="/wiki/Mike_Harris_Jr." title="Mike Harris Jr.">Mike Harris Jr.</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Michael Deane Harris</b> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Ontario" title="Order of Ontario">OOnt</a></span></span> (born January 23, 1945) is a retired Canadian politician who served as the 22nd <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Ontario" title="Premier of Ontario">premier of Ontario</a> from 1995 to 2002 and leader of the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Ontario" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario">Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario</a> (PC Party) from 1990 to 2002. During his time as party leader, he guided the Ontario PC Party toward <a href="/wiki/Blue_Toryism" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue Toryism">Blue Toryism</a>, advocating for the "<a href="/wiki/Common_Sense_Revolution" title="Common Sense Revolution">Common Sense Revolution</a>", his government's program of <a href="/wiki/Deficit_spending" title="Deficit spending">deficit</a> reduction in combination with lower taxes and budget cuts. </p><p>Born in <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, Harris grew up in <a href="/wiki/North_Bay,_Ontario" title="North Bay, Ontario">North Bay</a> and worked as a ski instructor and schoolteacher before becoming a school board trustee in 1974. In <a href="/wiki/1981_Ontario_general_election" title="1981 Ontario general election">1981</a>, he became a <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Provincial_Parliament_(Canada)" title="Member of Provincial Parliament (Canada)">member of Provincial Parliament</a> (MPP) for the riding of <a href="/wiki/Nipissing_(provincial_electoral_district)" title="Nipissing (provincial electoral district)">Nipissing</a>. He became leader of the Progressive Conservative Party in the <a href="/wiki/1990_Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Ontario_leadership_election" title="1990 Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario leadership election">1990 leadership election</a>. That same year, <a href="/wiki/1990_Ontario_general_election" title="1990 Ontario general election">a provincial election</a> was called in which Harris carried the PCs to a modest boost in support, though they still remained in third place. However, five years later, he led the PCs to a strong <a href="/wiki/Majority_government" title="Majority government">majority government</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1995_Ontario_general_election" title="1995 Ontario general election">1995 provincial election</a>. He later led the party to a second majority in <a href="/wiki/1999_Ontario_general_election" title="1999 Ontario general election">1999</a>. </p><p>During his tenure as premier, Harris emphasized the Common Sense Revolution. Although his policy of lower taxes grew the <a href="/wiki/Deficit_spending" title="Deficit spending">deficit</a>, his deep cuts to social services, health care, education, and infrastructure spending were enough to eliminate the deficit and <a href="/wiki/Balanced_budget" title="Balanced budget">balance the budget</a> in 1999. The Harris Government also faced the <a href="/wiki/1997_Ontario_teachers%27_strike" title="1997 Ontario teachers' strike">1997 Ontario teachers' strike</a> and gained criticism for its handling of the <a href="/wiki/Walkerton_E._coli_outbreak" title="Walkerton E. coli outbreak">Walkerton <i>E. coli outbreak</i></a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ipperwash_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Ipperwash crisis">Ipperwash crisis</a>. </p><p>In 2002, Harris retired as premier and PC leader, and was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Ernie_Eves" title="Ernie Eves">Ernie Eves</a> in both capacities. After leaving office, Harris went into the private sector and became a fellow at the <a href="/wiki/Fraser_Institute" title="Fraser Institute">Fraser Institute</a>, a conservative think tank.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite speculation about a potential foray into federal politics, Harris declined to run in the <a href="/wiki/2004_Conservative_Party_of_Canada_leadership_election" title="2004 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election">2004 Conservative Party leadership election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mike_Harris&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Harris was born in <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, Ontario, the son of Hope Gooding (born Robinson) and Sidney Deane Harris.<sup id="cite_ref-ce_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ce-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He grew up in <a href="/wiki/North_Bay,_Ontario" title="North Bay, Ontario">North Bay</a>, where his father operated the Wasi Falls Resort fishing camp. Harris attended Waterloo Lutheran University (now <a href="/wiki/Wilfrid_Laurier_University" title="Wilfrid Laurier University">Wilfrid Laurier University</a>) but left after a year. </p><p>At the age of 21, following his father's purchase of a ski hill, Harris moved for two years to <a href="/wiki/Sainte-Ad%C3%A8le,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Sainte-Adèle, Quebec">Sainte-Adèle, Quebec</a>, where he became a ski instructor. After the end of his first marriage, he enrolled at <a href="/wiki/Laurentian_University" title="Laurentian University">Laurentian University</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Bay_Teacher%27s_College" class="mw-redirect" title="North Bay Teacher's College">North Bay Teacher's College</a> where he received his teaching certificate. He was employed as an elementary school teacher at W. J. Fricker Public School in North Bay where he taught grade seven and eight mathematics for several years in a new open-concept class of 120 students. He continued in his previous occupation as a ski-instructor at Nipissing Ridge on weekends as well as working at his father's fishing camp during the summer season. He eventually left the teaching profession as the success of the ski resort escalated. After his father sold his ski-hill operation, Harris was hired to manage North Bay's Pinewood Golf Club.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_political_career">Early political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mike_Harris&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Harris was elected to public office as a school board trustee in 1974. He entered provincial politics in the <a href="/wiki/1981_Ontario_general_election" title="1981 Ontario general election">1981 election</a>, and defeated <a href="/wiki/Mike_Bolan" title="Mike Bolan">Mike Bolan</a>, the incumbent <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Liberal_Party" title="Ontario Liberal Party">Liberal</a> MPP in <a href="/wiki/Nipissing_(provincial_electoral_district)" title="Nipissing (provincial electoral district)">Nipissing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1981_Election_Results_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1981_Election_Results-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Harris later suggested that he was motivated to enter politics by an opposition to the policies of Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Trudeau" title="Pierre Trudeau">Pierre Trudeau</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Harris sat as a <a href="/wiki/Backbencher" title="Backbencher">backbencher</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bill_Davis" title="Bill Davis">Bill Davis</a>'s PC government from 1981 to 1985. He supported <a href="/wiki/Frank_Miller_(Canadian_politician)" title="Frank Miller (Canadian politician)">Frank Miller</a>'s successful bid to succeed Davis as party leader in 1985 and took the role of rival candidate <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Timbrell" title="Dennis Timbrell">Dennis Timbrell</a> to prepare Miller for the party's all-candidate debates. Miller was sworn in as premier of Ontario on February 8, 1985, and appointed Harris as <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Natural_Resources_(Ontario)" title="Ministry of Natural Resources (Ontario)">minister of natural resources</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1985FebMillerCab_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1985FebMillerCab-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Tories were reduced to a <a href="/wiki/Minority_government" title="Minority government">minority government</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1985_Ontario_general_election" title="1985 Ontario general election">1985 provincial election</a>, although Harris was personally re-elected without difficulty.<sup id="cite_ref-1985_Election_Results_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1985_Election_Results-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He kept the natural resources portfolio after the election, and was also named <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Energy_(Ontario)" title="Ministry of Energy (Ontario)">minister of energy</a> on May 17, 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-1985MayMillerCab_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1985MayMillerCab-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Miller government was soon defeated on a <a href="/wiki/Motion_of_no_confidence" title="Motion of no confidence">motion of no confidence</a> by <a href="/wiki/David_Peterson" title="David Peterson">David Peterson</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Liberal_Party" title="Ontario Liberal Party">Liberals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bob_Rae" title="Bob Rae">Bob Rae</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Ontario_New_Democratic_Party" title="Ontario New Democratic Party">New Democratic Party</a> (NDP).<sup id="cite_ref-Boyer2015_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boyer2015-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An agreement between the Liberals and the NDP allowed a Liberal minority government to govern for two years in exchange for the implementation of certain NDP policies. This decision consigned the Tories to opposition for the first time in 42 years. Miller resigned and was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Larry_Grossman_(politician)" title="Larry Grossman (politician)">Larry Grossman</a>, who led the party to a disastrous showing in the <a href="/wiki/1987_Ontario_general_election" title="1987 Ontario general election">1987 election</a> and announced his resignation shortly thereafter. Harris was again re-elected in Nipissing without difficulty.<sup id="cite_ref-1987_Election_Results_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1987_Election_Results-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leadership_(1990)"><span id="Leadership_.281990.29"></span>Leadership (1990)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mike_Harris&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Leadership (1990)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Grossman, who had lost his legislative seat, remained the leader of the party until 1990, while Sarnia MPP <a href="/wiki/Andy_Brandt" title="Andy Brandt">Andy Brandt</a> served as "interim leader" in the legislature. Harris was chosen as PC house leader, and had become the party's dominant voice in the legislature by 1989. Harris entered the <a href="/wiki/1990_Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Ontario_leadership_election" title="1990 Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario leadership election">1990 leadership race</a>, and defeated <a href="/wiki/Dianne_Cunningham" title="Dianne Cunningham">Dianne Cunningham</a> in a province-wide vote to replace Grossman as the party's official leader. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/1990_Ontario_general_election" title="1990 Ontario general election">1990 provincial election</a> was called soon after Harris became party leader. With help from past leader <a href="/wiki/Larry_Grossman_(politician)" title="Larry Grossman (politician)">Larry Grossman</a>, Harris managed to rally his party's core supporters with pledges of tax cuts and spending reductions. Due to his teaching background, Harris was personally endorsed by several local members of the <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Secondary_School_Teachers%27_Federation" title="Ontario Secondary School Teachers' Federation">Ontario Secondary School Teachers' Federation</a> (OSSTF). The election was won by Bob Rae's NDP. The Conservatives increased their seat total from 17 to 20 out of 130. Despite some early concerns, Harris was again able to retain his own seat. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1995_election">1995 election</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mike_Harris&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1995 election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 3 May 1994, Harris unveiled his "<a href="/wiki/Common_Sense_Revolution" title="Common Sense Revolution">Common Sense Revolution</a>" platform. It called for significant spending and tax cuts, as well as elimination of the province's record $11 billion deficit.<sup id="cite_ref-LindquistCanada2000_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LindquistCanada2000-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the <a href="/wiki/1995_Ontario_general_election" title="1995 Ontario general election">1995 election</a>, the governing New Democratic Party and incumbent Premier Bob Rae had become unpopular with the electorate, partly due to the state of the Ontario economy and its record debt and deficit amidst a Canada-wide recession. <a href="/wiki/Lyn_McLeod" title="Lyn McLeod">Lyn McLeod</a>'s Liberals were leading in pre-election polls and were expected to benefit from the swing in support away from the NDP, but they began losing support due to several controversial policy reversals and what was generally regarded as an uninspiring campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The turning point in the election is often considered to be Harris's performance in the televised leaders' debate. Harris used his camera time to speak directly to the camera to convey his party's Common Sense Revolution platform. The Rae government had previously lost much of its base in organized labour, due in part to the unpopularity of its "<a href="/wiki/Social_Contract_(Ontario)" title="Social Contract (Ontario)">Social Contract</a>" legislation in 1993 (which Harris, after some initial vacillations, eventually voted against).<sup id="cite_ref-Gidney1999_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gidney1999-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Harris's opposition to Rae's <a href="/wiki/Affirmative_action" title="Affirmative action">affirmative action</a> measures helped him to capture some unionized-worker support during the election, particularly among male workers. </p><p>Although there were regional variations, many union voters shifted from the NDP to the PCs in 1995 (instead of to the Liberals as expected pre-campaign), enabling the PCs to win a number of new ridings, such as <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_(provincial_electoral_district)" title="Cambridge (provincial electoral district)">Cambridge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oshawa_(provincial_electoral_district)" title="Oshawa (provincial electoral district)">Oshawa</a>, which had long supported the NDP.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition roughly half of the PCs seats came from the suburban belt surrounding <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Toronto" title="Metropolitan Toronto">Metro Toronto</a>, often called the '905' for its telephone area code. The PCs' growth from 20 to 82 seats in the 130 seat legislature vaulted them from third place to a large majority government.<sup id="cite_ref-logospathosethos.com_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-logospathosethos.com-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Premier_of_Ontario_(1995–2002)"><span id="Premier_of_Ontario_.281995.E2.80.932002.29"></span>Premier of Ontario (1995–2002)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mike_Harris&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Premier of Ontario (1995–2002)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_term_(1995–1999)"><span id="First_term_.281995.E2.80.931999.29"></span>First term (1995–1999)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mike_Harris&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: First term (1995–1999)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Common_Sense_Revolution">Common Sense Revolution</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mike_Harris&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Common Sense Revolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Common_Sense_Revolution" title="Common Sense Revolution">Common Sense Revolution</a></div> <p>Upon election, the Harris government immediately began to implement a far-reaching reform agenda to cut the large provincial deficit accumulated under the previous Rae government. One of its first major policy decisions in 1995 was to cut social assistance rates by 21.6%.<sup id="cite_ref-McAlpin2009_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McAlpin2009-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The government argued that too many people were taking advantage of the program, and that it acted as a disincentive for seeking employment. The government also introduced "Ontario Works", frequently referred to as "<a href="/wiki/Workfare" title="Workfare">workfare</a>", a program that required able-bodied welfare recipients to participate in either training or job placements.<sup id="cite_ref-Quaid2002_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quaid2002-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Provincial income taxes were cut by 30% to pre-1990 levels. In addition, a new Fair Share Health Levy was established and charged to high-income earners to help pay for mounting health care costs. </p><p>Shortly after assuming office, the Harris government announced that several hundred nurses would be laid off to cut costs in the health sector. The government also implemented a series of hospital closures and amalgamations on the recommendations of a Health Services Restructuring Commission.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Harris compared the laid off hospital workers to the people who lost their jobs after the <a href="/wiki/Hula_hoop" title="Hula hoop">hula hoop</a> fad died down in the early 1960s, commenting "Just as Hula-Hoops went out and those workers had to have a factory and a company that would manufacture something else that's in, it's the same in government, and you know, governments have put off these decisions for so many years that restructuring sometimes is painful".<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (September 2021)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Premier_Mike_Harris_1996.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Premier_Mike_Harris_1996.jpg/185px-Premier_Mike_Harris_1996.jpg" decoding="async" width="185" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Premier_Mike_Harris_1996.jpg/278px-Premier_Mike_Harris_1996.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Premier_Mike_Harris_1996.jpg/370px-Premier_Mike_Harris_1996.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3150" data-file-height="3942" /></a><figcaption>Premier Harris at a pancake festival, 1996</figcaption></figure> <p>The Harris government cut funding of major urban infrastructure projects upon assuming office. Though construction had already begun on the <a href="/wiki/Eglinton_West_line" title="Eglinton West line">Eglinton West subway</a> in Toronto, a proposed rapid transit line to ultimately link the main north–south subway line of the city with the suburbs and airport, funding was cancelled shortly after Harris's election.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Harris's government also cut health spending to counter the $30 billion cut in transfer payments from the Liberal federal government.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also introduced Telehealth Ontario, a 24-hour toll-free telephone help line with live connection to registered nurses. Harris also announced funding vehicles such as the Ontario R&D Challenge Fund, the Ontario Innovation Trust and the Premier's Research Excellence Awards. </p><p>One part of the Common Sense Revolution was to sell off various government-owned enterprises, the largest of which were to be <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Hydro" title="Ontario Hydro">Ontario Hydro</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Liquor_Control_Board_of_Ontario" title="Liquor Control Board of Ontario">Liquor Control Board of Ontario</a>. Neither was actually sold off, but Ontario Hydro was split into five successor companies (the two largest being <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Power_Generation" title="Ontario Power Generation">Ontario Power Generation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hydro_One" title="Hydro One">Hydro One</a>, representing generation and distribution of power respectively) with the plan of eventually selling them off. Public opposition to the sale of these money-making government enterprises postponed the government's plans. In 1999, <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Highway_407" title="Ontario Highway 407">Highway 407</a> was leased to a private consortium.<sup id="cite_ref-logospathosethos.com_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-logospathosethos.com-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Harris reduced the number of MPPs from 130 to 103 by redrawing riding boundaries to correspond to federal electoral districts.<sup id="cite_ref-ce_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ce-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Harris government passed Bill 26, the <i>Savings and Restructuring Act</i>, which undertook an extensive program of municipal mergers between 1996 and 2002. The province had 815 municipalities in 1996; by 2002, this had been reduced to 447.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the largest and most widely covered of these moves, the individual cities that made up <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Toronto" title="Metropolitan Toronto">Metro Toronto</a> were merged into a single city (called the "<a href="/wiki/Merger_(politics)#Canada" title="Merger (politics)">megacity</a>" by the media and citizens); the amalgamation was not part of their pre-election policy platform. The Conservatives argued that the move would eliminate duplication of services and increase efficiency. Opposition parties were strongly opposed to the move; the NDP took the unusual step of attempting to <a href="/wiki/Filibuster#Provincial" title="Filibuster">filibuster against the bill</a> by reading out the name of every street in Toronto. In order to further reduce provincial commitments, financial responsibility for provincial income assistance programs was transferred or "downloaded" to municipalities, increasing the burden on municipal tax bases.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Ontario" title="List of municipalities in Ontario">list of municipalities in Ontario</a> was updated by the <i>Municipal Act, 2001</i>, which is the legislation that enables incorporation and stipulates governance of Ontario's municipalities, excluding the City of <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, which is now subject to the <i>City of Toronto Act, 2006</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Municipal Act, 2001</i> provides lower and single-tier municipalities with the authority to incorporate as cities, towns, villages, townships, or generically as municipalities.<sup id="cite_ref-guide_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guide-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AMO_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AMO-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Harris government also passed the <i>Public Sector Salary Disclosure Act</i> in 1996, publishing so-called <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_list" title="Sunshine list">Sunshine lists</a> annually to disclose wages and benefits of public employees earning over $100,000 per year, to increase accountability.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Education">Education</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mike_Harris&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/1997_Ontario_teachers%27_strike" title="1997 Ontario teachers' strike">1997 Ontario teachers' strike</a></div> <p>The Harris government introduced several education reforms. The fifth year of high school in Ontario, (known as the <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Academic_Credit" title="Ontario Academic Credit">OAC</a> year), was eliminated. This created a double graduating class in 2003 (known as the "<a href="/wiki/Double_cohort" class="mw-redirect" title="Double cohort">double cohort</a>"). Harris introduced Bill 160, (the <i>Education Quality Improvement Act</i>), which mandated a standardized curriculum and province-wide testing for students. This included Grade 3 and 6 EQAO (numeracy and literacy) testing, as well as a Grade 10 Literacy test.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Harris introduced a requirement for High School students to complete a mandatory 40 hours of volunteering in community service in order to graduate.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1999, it introduced a policy of "teacher testing", requiring teachers to take examinations on a regular basis. Principals and vice-principals were removed from the [OTF].<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1995_referendum_on_the_separation_of_Quebec">1995 referendum on the separation of Quebec</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mike_Harris&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 1995 referendum on the separation of Quebec"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Harris, along with <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a>, was appointed negotiator by Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Jean_Chr%C3%A9tien" title="Jean Chrétien">Jean Chrétien</a> to face Quebec negotiators nominated by the separatist leaders of Quebec: Lucien Bouchard and Mario Dumont.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LeDevoir2005_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LeDevoir2005-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time of the referendum campaign, Harris affirmed that "a separate Quebec would be a foreign country. Final point." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ipperwash_crisis">Ipperwash crisis</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mike_Harris&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Ipperwash crisis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shortly after being sworn in, Harris faced his first crisis as premier. Protesters fighting land claim issues took over a provincial park 200 kilometres west of Toronto. During a confrontation with the demonstrators, <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Provincial_Police" title="Ontario Provincial Police">Ontario Provincial Police</a> acting Sergeant Kenneth Deane fired on <a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Canada" title="First Nations in Canada">First Nations</a> demonstrators who had occupied the park, killing a protester named <a href="/wiki/Dudley_George" class="mw-redirect" title="Dudley George">Dudley George</a>. Members of the Stoney Point <a href="/wiki/Ojibwe" title="Ojibwe">Ojibway</a> band occupied <a href="/wiki/Ipperwash_Provincial_Park" title="Ipperwash Provincial Park">Ipperwash Provincial Park</a> outside of <a href="/wiki/Grand_Bend,_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Bend, Ontario">Grand Bend</a>, protesting a <a href="/wiki/Ipperwash_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Ipperwash crisis">protracted land claims process</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Ipperwash_Inquiry" title="Ipperwash Inquiry">Ipperwash Inquiry</a> would later be called by the Liberal government of <a href="/wiki/Dalton_McGuinty" title="Dalton McGuinty">Dalton McGuinty</a>, due to recalcitrance on Harris's part. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_term_(1999–2002)"><span id="Second_term_.281999.E2.80.932002.29"></span>Second term (1999–2002)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mike_Harris&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Second term (1999–2002)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/1999_Ontario_general_election" title="1999 Ontario general election">1999</a>, the Harris government was re-elected for a second term with a majority government, helped largely by its political base in the suburban areas around Toronto.<sup id="cite_ref-Canada2005_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Canada2005-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Harris government balanced the provincial budget in 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Harris supporters pointed to the fact that government revenues rose from $48 billion in 1995 to $64 billion by 2001, when the budget was balanced.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1999 Harris also announced a program called Ontario's Living Legacy. The initiative added 378 new parks and protected areas, bringing the total in Ontario to 650 and increasing Ontario's protected areas to more than 95,000 square kilometres (37,000 sq mi). </p><p>Controversy arose in 2000 when the town water supply of <a href="/wiki/Walkerton,_Ontario" title="Walkerton, Ontario">Walkerton</a> became infected by <a href="/wiki/Escherichia_coli" title="Escherichia coli">E. coli</a>. Seven people died and hundreds became ill. Provincial water testing had been <a href="/wiki/Privatization" title="Privatization">privatized</a> in October 1996 by Harris's first government.<sup id="cite_ref-Walkerton-part-2_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walkerton-part-2-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was later discovered the local official responsible for water quality, <a href="/wiki/Stan_Koebel" class="mw-redirect" title="Stan Koebel">Stan Koebel</a>, had lied, falsified records, failed to test water quality regularly, and when the outbreak occurred had failed to promptly notify the local <a href="/wiki/Medical_officer_of_health" title="Medical officer of health">medical officer of health</a>. In late 2004, Koebel pleaded guilty to a minor charge in relation to the offence and was sentenced to one year in jail.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Walkerton_E._coli_outbreak" title="Walkerton E. coli outbreak">Walkerton tragedy</a> had serious ramifications for Harris's government. Harris blamed the previous NDP government for loosening water standards.<sup id="cite_ref-CBC-in-depth_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBC-in-depth-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Harris called a public inquiry, headed by <a href="/wiki/Dennis_O%27Connor_(judge)" title="Dennis O'Connor (judge)">Justice Dennis O'Connor</a>, which later noted that in addition to Stan Koebel's failure to properly monitor and treat the water supply, deregulation of water quality testing and cuts to the Ministry of the Environment were contributing factors.<sup id="cite_ref-CBCIndepthWalkerton_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBCIndepthWalkerton-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The inquest into the tragedy found that the government cuts to inspection services and their privatization had created a situation in which future water safety could not be guaranteed. The Ontario government was also blamed for not regulating water quality and not enforcing the guidelines that had been in place.<sup id="cite_ref-Walkerton-part-2_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walkerton-part-2-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bezanson2006_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bezanson2006-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An uprising developed at <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Park_(Toronto)" title="Queen's Park (Toronto)">Queen's Park</a>, the site of the Ontario Legislature, on June 15, 2000. The <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Coalition_Against_Poverty" title="Ontario Coalition Against Poverty">Ontario Coalition Against Poverty</a> and other activists, including MPP of <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Centre_(provincial_electoral_district)" title="Toronto Centre (provincial electoral district)">Toronto Centre</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Smitherman" title="George Smitherman">George Smitherman</a>, protested the Harris ministry policies that were resulting in the transfer of wealth to the welathy from everyone else. Some of the protesters lobbed <a href="/wiki/Molotov_cocktail" title="Molotov cocktail">molotov cocktails</a>, bricks, and bottles.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Harris's government reduced Ontario welfare rolls by 500,000 people;<sup id="cite_ref-MontignyChambers2000_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MontignyChambers2000-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> critics contend these cuts led to a rise in homelessness and poverty. Supporters argued that high welfare rates had created disincentives to find entry-level jobs, and that poverty levels remained relatively unchanged between 1995 and 2005. Employment rates increased significantly during the late 1990s. The government rewrote labour laws to require secret ballot votes before workplaces could unionize. The previous NDP government's law outlawing the hiring of replacement workers during strikes was repealed.<sup id="cite_ref-CollierMalloy2016_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CollierMalloy2016-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other changes brought in by the Harris government include standardized math and literacy student tests, known as <a href="/wiki/Education_Quality_and_Accountability_Office" title="Education Quality and Accountability Office">EQAO</a>. EQAO testing is conducted in Grade 3 and 6 (for math and literacy) and 9 (for math only). Teachers are not allowed to preview the tests ahead of time, eliminating the risk of 'teaching to the test'. School principals are required to discuss EQAO results during staff meetings, and plan their focus accordingly. In Grade 10, high school students are required to pass a literacy test in order to graduate.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A new provincial funding formula for school boards stripped the local boards of their taxation powers.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2001, the Harris government introduced a plan to give a tax credit for parents who send their children to private and denominational schools (despite having campaigned against such an initiative in 1999). Supporters claimed it was fair given the public funding of Catholic schools, while opponents were concerned about a potential diversion of resources and students from the public system.<sup id="cite_ref-Salzman2011_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salzman2011-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Harris also broke with tradition to place <a href="/wiki/Backbencher" title="Backbencher">backbench</a> MPPs on Cabinet committees. </p><p>Harris resigned as premier and MPP on April 14, 2002 and <a href="/wiki/2002_Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Ontario_leadership_election" title="2002 Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario leadership election">was succeeded</a> as PC leader and premier by his long-time friend and minister of finance, <a href="/wiki/Ernie_Eves" title="Ernie Eves">Ernie Eves</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="After_politics_(2002–present)"><span id="After_politics_.282002.E2.80.93present.29"></span>After politics (2002–present)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mike_Harris&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: After politics (2002–present)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Soon after leaving office, Harris joined the Toronto law firm <a href="/wiki/Goodmans" title="Goodmans">Goodmans LLP</a>, where he served as an advisor until 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Later in 2002, Harris also joined the <a href="/wiki/Fraser_Institute" title="Fraser Institute">Fraser Institute</a>, a right-of-centre<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">libertarian</a> <a href="/wiki/Think_tank" title="Think tank">think tank</a>, as a senior fellow. It was there that he became involved with the ideals of <a href="/wiki/Preston_Manning" title="Preston Manning">Preston Manning</a>, becoming a major influence in federal politics as well as Alberta. Harris served on the board of directors of the <a href="/wiki/Manning_Centre_for_Building_Democracy_(Alberta)" class="mw-redirect" title="Manning Centre for Building Democracy (Alberta)">Manning Centre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2003, Harris was named to the board of directors of <a href="/wiki/Magna_International" title="Magna International">Magna International</a>. More recently in 2011, he was criticized for accepting re-election to the board of Magna despite receiving only 38% of shareholder support. This was possible since shareholder votes in Canada are either counted as "for" a director or else considered as "withheld", meaning that they are not counted.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2012, Harris indicated that he would step down from the board of directors at <a href="/wiki/Magna_International" title="Magna International">Magna International</a> after completing a process to collapse the company's dual-class share structure that he helped begin in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was later involved in a minor controversy, yelling and repeatedly swearing at a party official who asked him for his identification as he voted in the <a href="/wiki/2004_Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Ontario_leadership_election" title="2004 Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario leadership election">2004 Ontario Progressive Conservative Party leadership election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In late May 2010, <a href="/wiki/Nipissing_University" title="Nipissing University">Nipissing University</a> confirmed that Harris would receive an honorary doctorate.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response, the <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Teachers%27_Federation" title="Ontario Teachers' Federation">Ontario Teachers' Federation</a> threatened to discourage, or even prevent, their members from acting as associate teachers for students in Nipissing University's Bachelor of Education program, which requires students to complete 12 weeks of practice teaching in a classroom.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nipissing University's $25 million Harris Learning Library, which opened in 2011, is named after the former premier. </p><p>In 2012, Harris started a local Nurse Next Door Home Care franchise in Toronto with wife Laura.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 2014, Harris co-led an independent Canadian mission to observe the <a href="/wiki/2014_Ukrainian_presidential_election" title="2014 Ukrainian presidential election">Ukrainian presidential election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/2018_Ontario_general_election" title="2018 Ontario general election">2018 Ontario general election</a>, his son <a href="/wiki/Mike_Harris_Jr." title="Mike Harris Jr.">Mike Harris Jr.</a> was elected as MPP for <a href="/wiki/Kitchener%E2%80%94Conestoga_(provincial_electoral_district)" title="Kitchener—Conestoga (provincial electoral district)">Kitchener-Conestoga</a>, also a member of the Progressive Conservative Party.<sup id="cite_ref-mikejr_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mikejr-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, Harris serves as the Chair of the Board for <a href="/wiki/Chartwell_Retirement_Residences" title="Chartwell Retirement Residences">Chartwell Retirement Residences</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Canada">COVID-19 pandemic in Canada</a>, Chartwell and other for-profit facilities had "far worse COVID-19 outcomes than public facilities" after paying hundreds of millions to shareholders over the last decade.<sup id="cite_ref-thestar_20200516_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thestar_20200516-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since joining the board, Mike Harris has been compensated roughly $3.5-million for his services.<sup id="cite_ref-milstead_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-milstead-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ipperwash_Inquest_(2005–2007)"><span id="Ipperwash_Inquest_.282005.E2.80.932007.29"></span>Ipperwash Inquest (2005–2007)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mike_Harris&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Ipperwash Inquest (2005–2007)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ipperwash_Crisis" title="Ipperwash Crisis">Ipperwash Crisis</a></div> <p>In the inquiry following the <a href="/wiki/Ipperwash_Crisis" title="Ipperwash Crisis">Ipperwash Crisis</a>, it was determined that while some protesters were carrying rocks, sticks and baseball bats, none were carrying firearms. The confrontation that led to the shooting began when police clashed with a protester armed with a steel pipe.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The government and the OPP maintained that there was no political involvement in the shooting, but inside the Legislature where <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_privilege" title="Parliamentary privilege">parliamentary privilege</a> outweighs any civil claims, several opposition politicians suggested that the attack may have been ordered by the premier's office, and called for an independent judicial inquiry. In a court case that went to the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Canada" title="Supreme Court of Canada">Supreme Court of Canada</a>, Deane maintained that he was not under orders to shoot and was convicted of criminal negligence causing death. An inquiry, headed by commissioner Justice Sidney Linden, was called after the government of <a href="/wiki/Dalton_McGuinty" title="Dalton McGuinty">Dalton McGuinty</a> was elected in 2003. </p><p>On November 28, 2005, former-<a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_of_Ontario" title="Attorney General of Ontario">attorney general</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Harnick" title="Charles Harnick">Charles Harnick</a> testified before the <a href="/wiki/Ipperwash_Inquiry" title="Ipperwash Inquiry">Ipperwash Inquiry</a> that Harris had shouted "I want the fucking Indians out of the park" at a meeting with Ontario Provincial Police officer Ron Fox, hours before the shooting occurred (<i>Canadian Press</i>, 28 November 2005). Other witnesses have disputed this account, and Harris himself denied it in his testimony on 14 February 2006 at the inquiry. </p><p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Court_of_Justice" title="Ontario Court of Justice">Ontario Court of Justice</a> history project, the Ipperwash Inquiry "found that the OPP, the provincial government led by Premier Mike Harris, and the federal government all bore responsibility for the events that led to George's death. The report also called on the federal government to issue a public apology and return Camp Ipperwash – along with compensation – to the Kettle and Stoney Point First Nation."<sup id="cite_ref-ontariocourts_2015_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ontariocourts_2015-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 425">: 425 </span></sup> In Volume 1 of the report it was noted that, Premier Harris's "comments" and "generally the speed at which he wished to end the occupation of Ipperwash Park, created an atmosphere that unduly narrowed the scope of the government's response to the Aboriginal occupation."<sup id="cite_ref-Linden_20070530_Vol1_fulltext_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Linden_20070530_Vol1_fulltext-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 392">: 392 </span></sup> </p> <blockquote> <p>The Premier's determination to seek a quick resolution closed off many options endorsed by civil servants in the Ontario government, including process negotiations, the appointment of mediators, and opening up communication with the First Nations people. His narrow approach to the occupation did not enable the situation to stabilize at the park.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <p>In spite of his denials, the inquiry found that Harris did say "I want the fucking Indians out of the park." This finding was based on not being able to find an existing animosity from Harnick towards Harris and the fact that Harnick was reversing previous statements that he had made in the legislature which would not be of any benefit to himself.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Federal_politics_speculation">Federal politics speculation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mike_Harris&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Federal politics speculation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During his time as premier, Harris was frequently cited as someone who could "<a href="/wiki/Unite_the_Right_(Canada)" title="Unite the Right (Canada)">unite the right</a>" in Canada, and lead a merged party of federal <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Canada">Progressive Conservatives</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_Canada" title="Reform Party of Canada">Reform</a>/<a href="/wiki/Canadian_Alliance" title="Canadian Alliance">Canadian Alliance</a> supporters. He made serious steps toward a career in federal politics after stepping down as Premier, weighing in on issues such as the <a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">2003 invasion of Iraq</a> (which he supported) and the value of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_dollar" title="Canadian dollar">Canadian dollar</a> (which he wanted to see increase in relation to the American dollar). </p><p>In late 2003, he made a speech in <a href="/wiki/Halifax_Regional_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Halifax Regional Municipality">Halifax</a> which many believed was the unofficial launch of a campaign to lead the new <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative Party of Canada</a>. In the end, Harris decided to stand aside. He later endorsed former Magna International president and CEO <a href="/wiki/Belinda_Stronach" title="Belinda Stronach">Belinda Stronach</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2004_Conservative_Party_of_Canada_leadership_election" title="2004 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election">2004 leadership election</a>. Harris was reportedly active in helping Stornach fundraise for her campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">federal Conservatives'</a> loss in the <a href="/wiki/2021_Canadian_federal_election" title="2021 Canadian federal election">2021 Canadian federal election</a>, Harris urged the party to "unite behind" the leader, <a href="/wiki/Erin_O%27Toole" title="Erin O'Toole">Erin O'Toole</a>, through a <a href="/wiki/Column_(periodical)" title="Column (periodical)">column</a> of his in the newspaper, <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Sun" title="Toronto Sun">Toronto Sun</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distinctions">Distinctions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mike_Harris&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Distinctions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Honorary_Doctorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Honorary Doctorate">Honorary doctorate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nipissing_University" title="Nipissing University">Nipissing University</a> (2010)<sup id="cite_ref-ce_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ce-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Member of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Ontario" title="Order of Ontario">Order of Ontario</a> (2020)<sup id="cite_ref-oont_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oont-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mike_Harris&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_Sense_Revolution" title="Common Sense Revolution">Common Sense Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Ontario" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario">Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ipperwash_Crisis" title="Ipperwash Crisis">Ipperwash Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walkerton_tragedy" class="mw-redirect" title="Walkerton tragedy">Walkerton tragedy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Life_Under_Mike" title="Life Under Mike">Life Under Mike</a></i> – A documentary about the overall effects of the Common Sense Revolution produced by filmmaker <a href="/wiki/James_Motluk" title="James Motluk">James Motluk</a> and released in September, 2000<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mike_Harris&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/michael-deane-harris">"Mike Harris | the Canadian Encyclopedia"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mike+Harris+%26%23124%3B+the+Canadian+Encyclopedia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fmichael-deane-harris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMike+Harris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMilstead2021" class="citation news cs1">Milstead, David (2021-01-20). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/business/commentary/article-a-look-at-mike-harriss-post-politics-career/">"Opinion: Golden years, golden boards: Mike Harris's post-politics career"</a>. <i>The Globe and Mail</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Opinion%3A+Golden+years%2C+golden+boards%3A+Mike+Harris%27s+post-politics+career&rft.date=2021-01-20&rft.aulast=Milstead&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fbusiness%2Fcommentary%2Farticle-a-look-at-mike-harriss-post-politics-career%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMike+Harris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/mr-harris-says-no/article1341323/">"Opinion: Mr. Harris says no"</a>. <i>The Globe and Mail</i>. 2003-11-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Opinion%3A+Mr.+Harris+says+no&rft.date=2003-11-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fopinion%2Fmr-harris-says-no%2Farticle1341323%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMike+Harris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ce-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ce_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ce_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ce_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/michael-deane-harris">"Michael Deane Harris"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Canadian_Encyclopedia" title="The Canadian Encyclopedia">The Canadian Encyclopedia</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Historica_Canada" title="Historica Canada">Historica Canada</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 21,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Michael+Deane+Harris&rft.btitle=The+Canadian+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=Historica+Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fmichael-deane-harris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMike+Harris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarci_Mcdonald" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Marci Mcdonald. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/michael-deane-harris-profile">"Michael Deane Harris (Profile)"</a>. <i>The Canadian Encyclopedia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 21,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Michael+Deane+Harris+%28Profile%29&rft.btitle=The+Canadian+Encyclopedia&rft.au=Marci+Mcdonald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fmichael-deane-harris-profile&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMike+Harris" class="Z3988"></span> From <a href="/wiki/Maclean%27s" title="Maclean's">Maclean's</a>, June 19, 1995</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWay" class="citation web cs1">Way, Diane Lois. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/255925/Mike-Harris">"Mike Harris, Encyclopædia Britannica"</a>. Britannica.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-07-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mike+Harris%2C+Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pub=Britannica.com&rft.aulast=Way&rft.aufirst=Diane+Lois&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F255925%2FMike-Harris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMike+Harris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1981_Election_Results-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1981_Election_Results_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCanadian_Press1981" class="citation news cs1">Canadian Press (March 20, 1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=0NtYAAAAIBAJ&pg=1444%2C1388326">"Winds of change, sea of security"</a>. <i>The Windsor Star</i>. Windsor, Ontario. p. 22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Windsor+Star&rft.atitle=Winds+of+change%2C+sea+of+security&rft.pages=22&rft.date=1981-03-20&rft.au=Canadian+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3D0NtYAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D1444%252C1388326&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMike+Harris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stevenson, Mark. "Right in the heartland". <i>Saturday Night</i> (May 1995), Vol. 110 Issue 4, pp. 19–25</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1985FebMillerCab-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1985FebMillerCab_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"The Ontario Cabinet". <i>The Globe and Mail</i>. February 9, 1985. p. 4.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=The+Ontario+Cabinet&rft.pages=4&rft.date=1985-02-09&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMike+Harris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1985_Election_Results-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1985_Election_Results_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Results of vote in Ontario election". <i>The Globe and Mail</i>. May 3, 1985. p. 13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Results+of+vote+in+Ontario+election&rft.pages=13&rft.date=1985-05-03&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMike+Harris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1985MayMillerCab-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1985MayMillerCab_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"The new Cabinet". <i>The Globe and Mail</i>. May 18, 1985. p. 11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=The+new+Cabinet&rft.pages=11&rft.date=1985-05-18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMike+Harris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Boyer2015-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Boyer2015_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJ._Patrick_Boyer2015" class="citation book cs1">J. Patrick Boyer (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=t3byAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA464"><i>The Big Blue Machine: How Tory Campaign Backrooms Changed Canadian Politics Forever</i></a>. Dundurn. p. 464. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4597-2450-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4597-2450-1"><bdi>978-1-4597-2450-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Big+Blue+Machine%3A+How+Tory+Campaign+Backrooms+Changed+Canadian+Politics+Forever&rft.pages=464&rft.pub=Dundurn&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-4597-2450-1&rft.au=J.+Patrick+Boyer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dt3byAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA464&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMike+Harris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1987_Election_Results-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1987_Election_Results_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Results from individual ridings". <i>The Windsor Star</i>. September 11, 1987. p. F2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Windsor+Star&rft.atitle=Results+from+individual+ridings&rft.pages=F2&rft.date=1987-09-11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMike+Harris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LindquistCanada2000-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LindquistCanada2000_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvert_A._LindquistInstitute_of_Public_Administration_of_Canada2000" class="citation book cs1">Evert A. Lindquist; Institute of Public Administration of Canada (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PwEkBvSdQF0C&pg=PA18"><i>Government Restructuring and Career Public Service in Canada</i></a>. Institute of Public Administration of Canada. p. 18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-920715-92-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-920715-92-5"><bdi>978-0-920715-92-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Government+Restructuring+and+Career+Public+Service+in+Canada&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=Institute+of+Public+Administration+of+Canada&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-920715-92-5&rft.au=Evert+A.+Lindquist&rft.au=Institute+of+Public+Administration+of+Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPwEkBvSdQF0C%26pg%3DPA18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMike+Harris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.macleans.ca/issue/19950619">"Maclean's — June 1995"</a>. <i>Maclean's | The Complete Archive</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Maclean%27s+%26%23124%3B+The+Complete+Archive&rft.atitle=Maclean%27s+%E2%80%94+June+1995&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.macleans.ca%2Fissue%2F19950619&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMike+Harris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gidney1999-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gidney1999_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_Douglas_Gidney1999" class="citation book cs1">Robert Douglas Gidney (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=q9Ct67DdWYIC&pg=PA165"><i>From Hope to Harris: The Reshaping of Ontario's Schools</i></a>. University of Toronto Press. pp. 165–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-8125-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-8125-4"><bdi>978-0-8020-8125-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Hope+to+Harris%3A+The+Reshaping+of+Ontario%27s+Schools&rft.pages=165-&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-8020-8125-4&rft.au=Robert+Douglas+Gidney&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dq9Ct67DdWYIC%26pg%3DPA165&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMike+Harris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mallan, Caroline. "The legacy of Mike Harris". <i>Toronto Star</i>, March 16, 2002, H02.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-logospathosethos.com-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-logospathosethos.com_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-logospathosethos.com_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110820061053/http://logospathosethos.com/articles/2011/2/17/mismanaging-during-storms-the-harris-eves-and-hudak-conserva.html">"Mismanaging During Storms: The Harris, Eves and Hudak Conservatives in Ontario"</a>. Logos Pathos Ethos. 2011-02-17. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://logospathosethos.com/articles/2011/2/17/mismanaging-during-storms-the-harris-eves-and-hudak-conserva.html">the original</a> on 2011-08-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-07-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mismanaging+During+Storms%3A+The+Harris%2C+Eves+and+Hudak+Conservatives+in+Ontario&rft.pub=Logos+Pathos+Ethos&rft.date=2011-02-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flogospathosethos.com%2Farticles%2F2011%2F2%2F17%2Fmismanaging-during-storms-the-harris-eves-and-hudak-conserva.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMike+Harris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McAlpin2009-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McAlpin2009_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKathleen_McAlpin2009" class="citation book cs1">Kathleen McAlpin (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TkYZrorRmwgC&pg=PA73"><i>Ministry That Transforms: A Contemplative Process of Theological Reflection</i></a>. Liturgical Press. p. 73. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8146-3222-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8146-3222-2"><bdi>978-0-8146-3222-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ministry+That+Transforms%3A+A+Contemplative+Process+of+Theological+Reflection&rft.pages=73&rft.pub=Liturgical+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-8146-3222-2&rft.au=Kathleen+McAlpin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTkYZrorRmwgC%26pg%3DPA73&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMike+Harris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Quaid2002-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Quaid2002_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaeve_Quaid2002" class="citation book cs1">Maeve Quaid (2002). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/workfarewhygoods0000quai"><i>Workfare: Why Good Social Policy Ideas Go Bad</i></a></span>. University of Toronto Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/workfarewhygoods0000quai/page/173">173</a>–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-8101-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-8101-8"><bdi>978-0-8020-8101-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Workfare%3A+Why+Good+Social+Policy+Ideas+Go+Bad&rft.pages=173-&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-8020-8101-8&rft.au=Maeve+Quaid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fworkfarewhygoods0000quai&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMike+Harris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLorraine_Luski2000" class="citation report cs1">Lorraine Luski (October 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.ola.org/mon/2000/10294163.htm">Hospital Restructuring in Ontario</a> (Report). Ontario Legislative Library<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-09-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Hospital+Restructuring+in+Ontario&rft.pub=Ontario+Legislative+Library&rft.date=2000-10&rft.au=Lorraine+Luski&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcollections.ola.org%2Fmon%2F2000%2F10294163.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMike+Harris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Globe_and_Mail" title="The Globe and Mail">The Globe and Mail</a></i>, 6 March 1997</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://transit.toronto.on.ca/subway/5112.shtml">"The Eglinton West Subway"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-04-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cupe.ca&rft.atitle=Health+Care+%26%23124%3B+Canadian+Union+of+Public+Employees&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcupe.ca%2Fhealth-care%2FBE4555&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMike+Harris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121105084333/http://www.archives.gov.on.ca/english/on-line-exhibits/maps/currentrestructure.aspx">"Archived copy"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archives.gov.on.ca/en/maps/sources.aspx">the original</a> on 2016-04-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-04-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Archives.gov.on.ca&rft.atitle=The+Changing+Shape+of+Ontario%3A+Sources&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archives.gov.on.ca%2Fen%2Fmaps%2Fsources.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMike+Harris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wellesleyinstitute.com/blog/hefty_housing_costs_stay_local_in__good_news__bad_news__provincial_funding_deal/">"Hefty housing costs stay local in good news bad news provincial funding deal"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.torontosun.com/comment/columnists/john_snobelen/2010/06/11/14360076.html">the original</a> on 5 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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University of Toronto Press. p. 50. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-9065-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-9065-2"><bdi>978-0-8020-9065-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gender%2C+the+State%2C+and+Social+Reproduction%3A+Household+Insecurity+in+Neo-liberal+Times&rft.pages=50&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-8020-9065-2&rft.au=Kate+Bezanson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DotGhL6tOskAC%26pg%3DPA6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMike+Harris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/riot-at-queen-s-park-1.210655">"Riot at Queen's Park"</a>. <i>CBC News</i>. 2000-06-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-06-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Riot+at+Queen%27s+Park&rft.date=2000-06-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Friot-at-queen-s-park-1.210655&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMike+Harris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MontignyChambers2000-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MontignyChambers2000_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdgar-André_MontignyAnne_Lorene_ChambersLori_Chambers2000" class="citation book cs1">Edgar-André Montigny; Anne Lorene Chambers; Lori Chambers (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oSfenc15ISUC&pg=PA429"><i>Ontario Since Confederation: A Reader</i></a>. University of Toronto Press. pp. 429–430. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-8234-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-8234-3"><bdi>978-0-8020-8234-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ontario+Since+Confederation%3A+A+Reader&rft.pages=429-430&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-8020-8234-3&rft.au=Edgar-Andr%C3%A9+Montigny&rft.au=Anne+Lorene+Chambers&rft.au=Lori+Chambers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoSfenc15ISUC%26pg%3DPA429&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMike+Harris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CollierMalloy2016-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CollierMalloy2016_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCheryl_N._CollierJonathan_Malloy2016" class="citation book cs1">Cheryl N. Collier; Jonathan Malloy (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=U9lhDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT248"><i>The Politics of Ontario</i></a>. University of Toronto Press. p. 248. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4426-0915-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4426-0915-0"><bdi>978-1-4426-0915-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Politics+of+Ontario&rft.pages=248&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-4426-0915-0&rft.au=Cheryl+N.+Collier&rft.au=Jonathan+Malloy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DU9lhDgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT248&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMike+Harris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.eqao.com/en/about_eqao/about_the_agency/Pages/GeneralQuestions.aspx_Lang=E.aspx">[1]</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged October 2021">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VHTMhmf2fWMC&pg=PA26"><i>Ontario Alternative Budget 2005: Addressing the Real Fiscal Imbalance</i></a>. Canadian Centre Policy Alternatives. 2005. p. 26. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88627-434-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88627-434-4"><bdi>978-0-88627-434-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ontario+Alternative+Budget+2005%3A+Addressing+the+Real+Fiscal+Imbalance&rft.pages=26&rft.pub=Canadian+Centre+Policy+Alternatives&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-88627-434-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVHTMhmf2fWMC%26pg%3DPA26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMike+Harris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Salzman2011-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Salzman2011_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhilip_Carl_Salzman2011" class="citation book cs1">Philip Carl Salzman (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OVgfAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA60"><i>Classic Comparative Anthropology: Studies from the Tradition</i></a>. Waveland Press. p. 60. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4786-1010-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4786-1010-6"><bdi>978-1-4786-1010-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Classic+Comparative+Anthropology%3A+Studies+from+the+Tradition&rft.pages=60&rft.pub=Waveland+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4786-1010-6&rft.au=Philip+Carl+Salzman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOVgfAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA60&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMike+Harris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHasselback2013" class="citation news cs1">Hasselback, Drew (16 September 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://business.financialpost.com/2013/09/16/mike-harris-to-join-fasken-martineau/">"Mike Harris to join Fasken Martineau | Financial Post"</a>. <i>Financial Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-04-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Post&rft.atitle=Mike+Harris+to+join+Fasken+Martineau+%26%23124%3B+Financial+Post&rft.date=2013-09-16&rft.aulast=Hasselback&rft.aufirst=Drew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbusiness.financialpost.com%2F2013%2F09%2F16%2Fmike-harris-to-join-fasken-martineau%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMike+Harris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/business/friday-is-tax-freedom-day-fraser-institute-1.256016">"CBC News.ca"</a>. Cbc.ca. 2001-06-29. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090604220409/http://www.cbc.ca/money/story/2001/06/28/taxfreedom_010628.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 4, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-07-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=CBC+News.ca&rft.date=2001-06-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fbusiness%2Ffriday-is-tax-freedom-day-fraser-institute-1.256016&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMike+Harris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/market-data/quotes/CA/XTSE/CSHUT/company-people/executive-profile/256417">"Michael Deane Harris"</a>. <i>Wall Street Journal</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 26,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Michael+Deane+Harris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Fmarket-data%2Fquotes%2FCA%2FXTSE%2FCSHUT%2Fcompany-people%2Fexecutive-profile%2F256417&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMike+Harris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcFarland2011" class="citation web cs1">McFarland, Janet (December 8, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160213122300/http://www.globeadvisor.com/servlet/ArticleNews/story/gam/20111208/RBMAGNAVOTEMCFARLANDATL">"Barely one in three backed Harris for Magna chair"</a>. <i>The Globe and Mail</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globeadvisor.com/servlet/ArticleNews/story/gam/20111208/RBMAGNAVOTEMCFARLANDATL">the original</a> on February 13, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-11-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Barely+one+in+three+backed+Harris+for+Magna+chair&rft.date=2011-12-08&rft.aulast=McFarland&rft.aufirst=Janet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globeadvisor.com%2Fservlet%2FArticleNews%2Fstory%2Fgam%2F20111208%2FRBMAGNAVOTEMCFARLANDATL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMike+Harris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeveau2012" class="citation news cs1">Deveau, Scott (2012-03-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://business.financialpost.com/2012/03/30/mike-harris-steps-down-from-magna-board/">"Mike Harris steps down from Magna Board"</a>. <i>Financial Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Sun&rft.atitle=MIKE+HARRIS%3A+Let%27s+unite+behind+Erin+O%27Toole&rft.date=2021-09-23&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftorontosun.com%2Fopinion%2Fcolumnists%2Fmike-harris-lets-unite-behind-erin-otoole&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMike+Harris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oont-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-oont_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.ontario.ca/en/release/59854/province-honouring-the-exceptional-achievements-of-47-ontarians">"Province Honouring the Exceptional Achievements of 47 Ontarians"</a>. <i>news.ontario.ca</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 9,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Eye+Weekly&rft.atitle=Life+Under+Mike&rft.date=2000-09-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcontests.eyeweekly.com%2Feye%2Fissue%2Fissue_09.28.00%2Ffilm%2Flifeundermike.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMike+Harris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mike_Harris&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mike_Harris" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Mike Harris">Mike Harris</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ola.org/en/members/all/michael-harris-44">Michael Harris – Ontario Legislative Assembly parliamentary history</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/2016/http://www.ontla.on.ca/web/members/members_all_detail.do?locale=en&ID=44">archive</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aims.archives.gov.on.ca/scripts/mwimain.dll/144/DESCRIPTION_WEB/WEB_DESC_DET?SESSIONSEARCH&exp=sisn%2011317">Michael D. Harris fonds</a>, Archives of Ontario</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ontariopc.ca">Ontario Progressive Conservative Party </a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelles/dossiers/tetes/harris/index.html">Mike Harris</a> Biography – Radio-Canada <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ici.radio-canada.ca/regions/Ontario/Dossiers/mikeharris_9409.shtml">Mike Harris</a> Folder – Radio-Canada <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border-top: 5px solid #9999FF" colspan="3"><b>Ontario provincial government of <a href="/wiki/Frank_Miller_(Canadian_politician)" title="Frank Miller (Canadian politician)">Frank Miller</a></b> </td></tr> <tr class="noprint"> <th colspan="3">Cabinet posts (2) </th></tr> <tr class="noprint"> <th scope="col" style="width:110px;text-align:center;">Predecessor </th> <th scope="col" style="width:290px;text-align:center;">Office </th> <th scope="col" style="width:110px;text-align:center;">Successor </th></tr> <tr class="noprint"> <td style="text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/George_Ashe_(Canadian_politician)" title="George Ashe (Canadian politician)">George Ashe</a></b> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Energy_(Ontario)" title="Ministry of Energy (Ontario)">Minister of Energy</a></b><br />1985 (May–June) </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Vince_Kerrio" title="Vince Kerrio">Vince Kerrio</a></b> </td></tr> <tr class="noprint"> <td style="text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Alan_Pope" title="Alan Pope">Alan Pope</a></b> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Natural_Resources_(Ontario)" title="Ministry of Natural Resources (Ontario)">Minister of Natural Resources</a></b><br />1985 (February–June) </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Vince_Kerrio" title="Vince Kerrio">Vince Kerrio</a></b> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.35em 0; line-height:1.5em; box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 0 #00693E, inset 0 -1px 0 0 #00693E;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Sandfield_Macdonald" title="John Sandfield Macdonald">Macdonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Blake" title="Edward Blake">Blake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Mowat" title="Oliver Mowat">Mowat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Sturgis_Hardy" title="Arthur Sturgis Hardy">Hardy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_William_Ross" title="George William Ross">Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Whitney_(politician)" title="James Whitney (politician)">Whitney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Hearst" title="William Howard Hearst">Hearst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Charles_Drury" title="Ernest Charles Drury">Drury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Ferguson" title="Howard Ferguson">Ferguson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Stewart_Henry" title="George Stewart Henry">Henry</a></li> 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background-color:white;"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Premiers_of_Ontario" title="Category:Premiers of Ontario">Category:Premiers of Ontario</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Ontario" title="Portal:Ontario">Portal:Ontario</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Leaders_of_the_Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Ontario_and_its_antecedents" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#16166B;color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ontario_PC_Leaders" title="Template:Ontario PC Leaders"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ontario_PC_Leaders" title="Template talk:Ontario PC Leaders"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ontario_PC_Leaders" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ontario PC Leaders"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Leaders_of_the_Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Ontario_and_its_antecedents" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Ontario#Party_leaders" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario"><span style="color:white;">Leaders</span></a> of the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Ontario" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario"><span style="color:white;">Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario</span></a> and its antecedents</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#16166B;color:white;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal-Conservative_Party_of_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal-Conservative Party of Ontario"><span style="color:white;">Liberal-Conservative</span></a> (1867–1873)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Sandfield_Macdonald" title="John Sandfield Macdonald">Macdonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Crooks_Cameron" title="Matthew Crooks Cameron">Cameron</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blue_Trillium.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Blue_Trillium.png/100px-Blue_Trillium.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Blue_Trillium.png 1.5x" data-file-width="134" data-file-height="131" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#16166B;color:white;"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative Party of Ontario"><span style="color:white;">Conservative</span></a> (1873–1942)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Crooks_Cameron" title="Matthew Crooks Cameron">Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ralph_Meredith" title="William Ralph Meredith">Meredith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Frederick_Marter" title="George Frederick Marter">(Marter)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Whitney_(politician)" title="James Whitney (politician)">Whitney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Hearst" title="William Howard Hearst">Hearst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Ferguson" title="Howard Ferguson">Ferguson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Stewart_Henry" title="George Stewart Henry">Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Earl_Rowe" title="William Earl Rowe">Rowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_A._Drew" title="George A. Drew">Drew</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#16166B;color:white;"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Ontario" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario"><span style="color:white;">Progressive Conservative</span></a> (1942–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_A._Drew" title="George A. Drew">Drew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Laird_Kennedy" title="Thomas Laird Kennedy">(Kennedy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Frost" title="Leslie Frost">Frost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Robarts" title="John Robarts">Robarts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Davis" title="Bill Davis">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Miller_(Canadian_politician)" title="Frank Miller (Canadian politician)">Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Grossman_(politician)" title="Larry Grossman (politician)">Grossman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Brandt" title="Andy Brandt">(Brandt)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernie_Eves" title="Ernie Eves">Eves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Runciman" title="Bob Runciman">(Runciman)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tory" title="John Tory">Tory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Runciman" title="Bob Runciman">(Runciman)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Hudak" title="Tim Hudak">Hudak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Wilson_(Ontario_politician)" title="Jim Wilson (Ontario politician)">(Wilson)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Brown_(Canadian_politician)" title="Patrick Brown (Canadian politician)">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vic_Fedeli" title="Vic Fedeli">(Fedeli)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doug_Ford" title="Doug Ford">Ford</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#16166B;color:white;"><a href="/wiki/Ontario_Progressive_Conservative_leadership_conventions" class="mw-redirect" title="Ontario Progressive Conservative leadership conventions"><span style="color:white;">Leadership elections</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1920_Conservative_Party_of_Ontario_leadership_election" title="1920 Conservative Party of Ontario leadership election">1920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_Conservative_Party_of_Ontario_leadership_election" title="1936 Conservative Party of Ontario leadership election">1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_Conservative_Party_of_Ontario_leadership_election" title="1938 Conservative Party of Ontario leadership election">1938</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1949_Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Ontario_leadership_election" title="1949 Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario leadership election">1949</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1961_Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Ontario_leadership_election" title="1961 Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario leadership election">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Ontario_leadership_election" title="1971 Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario leadership election">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Ontario_leadership_elections" title="1985 Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario leadership elections">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Ontario_leadership_election" title="1990 Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario leadership election">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Ontario_leadership_election" title="2002 Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario leadership election">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Ontario_leadership_election" title="2004 Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario leadership election">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Ontario_leadership_election" title="2009 Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario leadership election">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Ontario_leadership_election" title="2015 Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario leadership election">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Ontario_leadership_election" title="2018 Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario leadership election">2018</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Interim leaders are in parentheses.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cabinet_of_Premier_of_Ontario_Mike_Harris_(1995–2002)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Harris_Ministry" title="Template:Harris Ministry"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Harris_Ministry" title="Template talk:Harris Ministry"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Harris_Ministry" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Harris Ministry"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cabinet_of_Premier_of_Ontario_Mike_Harris_(1995–2002)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Executive_Council_of_Ontario" title="Executive Council of Ontario">Cabinet</a> of <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Ontario" title="Premier of Ontario">Premier of Ontario</a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mike Harris</a> (1995–2002)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mike Harris</a></b><br /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Baird_(Canadian_politician)" title="John Baird (Canadian politician)">John Baird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabel_Bassett" title="Isabel Bassett">Isabel Bassett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brad_Clark" title="Brad Clark">Brad Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Clement" title="Tony Clement">Tony Clement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Coburn_(politician)" title="Brian Coburn (politician)">Brian Coburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dianne_Cunningham" title="Dianne Cunningham">Dianne Cunningham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Ecker" title="Janet Ecker">Janet Ecker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenda_Elliott" title="Brenda Elliott">Brenda Elliott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernie_Eves" title="Ernie Eves">Ernie Eves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Flaherty" title="Jim Flaherty">Jim Flaherty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Gilchrist" title="Steve Gilchrist">Steve Gilchrist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernie_Hardeman" title="Ernie Hardeman">Ernie Hardeman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Harnick" title="Charles Harnick">Charles Harnick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Hodgson" title="Chris Hodgson">Chris Hodgson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Hudak" title="Tim Hudak">Tim Hudak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cam_Jackson" title="Cam Jackson">Cam Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Johns" title="Helen Johns">Helen Johns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Johnson_(Canadian_politician)" title="David Johnson (Canadian politician)">David Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Klees" title="Frank Klees">Frank Klees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Leach" title="Al Leach">Al Leach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Marland" title="Margaret Marland">Margaret Marland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Mushinski" title="Marilyn Mushinski">Marilyn Mushinski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Newman" title="Dan Newman">Dan Newman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Palladini" title="Al Palladini">Al Palladini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Runciman" title="Bob Runciman">Bob Runciman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rob_Sampson" title="Rob Sampson">Rob Sampson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Saunderson" title="Bill Saunderson">Bill Saunderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Snobelen" title="John Snobelen">John Snobelen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norm_Sterling" title="Norm Sterling">Norm Sterling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Stewart_(politician)" title="Gary Stewart (politician)">Gary Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Stockwell" title="Chris Stockwell">Chris Stockwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Tsubouchi" title="David Tsubouchi">David Tsubouchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Turnbull_(politician)" title="David Turnbull (politician)">David Turnbull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_Villeneuve" title="Noble Villeneuve">Noble Villeneuve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Wilson_(Ontario_politician)" title="Jim Wilson (Ontario politician)">Jim Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Witmer" title="Elizabeth Witmer">Elizabeth Witmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Young_(Ontario_politician)" title="David Young (Ontario politician)">David Young</a></li></ul></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mike_Harris_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Rae" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Mike_Harris_2014.jpg/75px-Mike_Harris_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Mike_Harris_2014.jpg/113px-Mike_Harris_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Mike_Harris_2014.jpg/150px-Mike_Harris_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1590" data-file-height="1986" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cabinet_of_Premier_of_Ontario_Frank_Miller_(1985)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Miller_Ministry" title="Template:Miller Ministry"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Miller_Ministry" title="Template talk:Miller Ministry"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Miller_Ministry" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Miller Ministry"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cabinet_of_Premier_of_Ontario_Frank_Miller_(1985)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Executive_Council_of_Ontario" title="Executive Council of Ontario">Cabinet</a> of <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Ontario" title="Premier of Ontario">Premier of Ontario</a> <a href="/wiki/Frank_Miller_(Canadian_politician)" title="Frank Miller (Canadian politician)">Frank Miller</a> (1985)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/Frank_Miller_(Canadian_politician)" title="Frank Miller (Canadian politician)">Frank Miller</a></b><br /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Andrewes" title="Philip Andrewes">Philip Andrewes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Ashe_(Canadian_politician)" title="George Ashe (Canadian politician)">George Ashe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuben_Baetz" title="Reuben Baetz">Reuben Baetz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Bennett" title="Claude Bennett">Claude Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Bernier" title="Leo Bernier">Leo Bernier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Brandt" title="Andy Brandt">Andy Brandt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Cousens" title="Don Cousens">Don Cousens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Cureatz" title="Sam Cureatz">Sam Cureatz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Howlett_Dean" title="Gordon Howlett Dean">Gordon Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Elgie" title="Robert Elgie">Robert Elgie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernie_Eves" title="Ernie Eves">Ernie Eves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Fish" title="Susan Fish">Susan Fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Gillies" title="Phil Gillies">Phil Gillies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Gordon_(politician)" title="Jim Gordon (politician)">Jim Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bud_Gregory" title="Bud Gregory">Bud Gregory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Grossman_(politician)" title="Larry Grossman (politician)">Larry Grossman</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mike Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morley_Kells" title="Morley Kells">Morley Kells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Leluk" title="Nick Leluk">Nick Leluk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_McCague" title="George McCague">George McCague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_McLean_(politician)" title="Al McLean (politician)">Al McLean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_C._Mitchell" title="Robert C. Mitchell">Robert C. Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Norton" title="Keith Norton">Keith Norton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Pich%C3%A9" title="René Piché">René Piché</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Pope" title="Alan Pope">Alan Pope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russ_Ramsay" title="Russ Ramsay">Russ Ramsay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Robinson_(Canadian_politician)" title="Alan Robinson (Canadian politician)">Alan Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Rotenberg" title="David Rotenberg">David Rotenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Runciman" title="Bob Runciman">Bob Runciman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Snow" title="James Snow">James Snow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bette_Stephenson" title="Bette Stephenson">Bette Stephenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._Ross_Stevenson" title="K. Ross Stevenson">K. Ross Stevenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Timbrell" title="Dennis Timbrell">Dennis Timbrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_Villeneuve" title="Noble Villeneuve">Noble Villeneuve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Walker_(businessman)" title="Gordon Walker (businessman)">Gordon Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Welch_(politician)" title="Bob Welch (politician)">Bob Welch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Reesor_Williams" title="John Reesor Williams">John Reesor Williams</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Magna_International" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Magna_International" title="Template:Magna International"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Magna_International" title="Template talk:Magna International"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Magna_International" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Magna International"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Magna_International" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Magna_International" title="Magna International">Magna International</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CTS_Fahrzeug-Dachsysteme" title="CTS Fahrzeug-Dachsysteme">CTS Fahrzeug-Dachsysteme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magna_Powertrain" title="Magna Powertrain">Magna Powertrain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Getrag" title="Getrag">Getrag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Venture_Gear" title="New Venture Gear">New Venture Gear</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magna_Steyr" title="Magna Steyr">Magna Steyr</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurostar_Automobilwerk" title="Eurostar Automobilwerk">Eurostar Automobilwerk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSU_Gazal-1" title="KSU Gazal-1">KSU Gazal-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magna_MILA_Plus" title="Magna MILA Plus">Magna MILA Plus</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belinda_Stronach" title="Belinda Stronach">Belinda Stronach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Stronach" title="Frank Stronach">Frank Stronach</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Granite_Real_Estate" title="Granite Real Estate">Granite Real Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stronach_Group" title="Stronach Group">Stronach Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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href="https://viaf.org/viaf/106042739">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/411460/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJkCXJGKdjhpqWPrvGqWjC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/121014835">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n98005898">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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