CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '91b18fb3ad5744c7',cH: '8HIa0pR0pk7QoRL8MA.Ojc8kxtjXNrJSewR5CkvUBk8-1741093276-1.2.1.1-J0a1L8BNMyxiSwKXoqRMGko.Gw.l82pcc.C4e.b83qN9pQX4R8OigmSiJaNvUNOV',cUPMDTk: "\/10007611\/apa?__cf_chl_tk=nvXQh0rZ5OFgHJSvX.rSruNA5aR7SSpyGcC5ElHqyYc-1741093276-1.0.1.1-HASTBuVG0I9BomZ0g9CLM9Y7NL5YkQia5suUIgiSXME",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1741093276',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/10007611\/apa?__cf_chl_f_tk=nvXQh0rZ5OFgHJSvX.rSruNA5aR7SSpyGcC5ElHqyYc-1741093276-1.0.1.1-HASTBuVG0I9BomZ0g9CLM9Y7NL5YkQia5suUIgiSXME",md: "anZlbDyk_8w04W.AoHlhRkWPfbyf0Uf8zamK.9zd9yU-1741093276-1.2.1.1-Y2on0oobwMhj4idHKl7OXJuVtHk0psUCwUkly_TQl1LyP2HOv1_IEtrdAcYptbZGU.mN8B1XHXVYux3yEQfOz07XO5YvoKyXd2rv7pPsfWEqQbmBCf_q71uPYwoJx_Z74yAE0k6zV_aFAgXBR0.4H2xB7p4sokUp7hd3rl27BkzgnDsD2ZLol0yovDktw9Ux1y7KcMnHD.n8qbmLhAxDYakqnig9n6CTojBIq4Cb8fodyNN9bxMjabKTqYFjV6NfNugIbxKplm7iLemFvlw3koPAdnTt53wNPKHReCr3Wj32HIEOZewQXvCra4H50SxE78.Wo58sxn0yI_qrilO0fdK8YncOaHN9LxV77zJwTkRG1Q9I0zdTRbRUgudCcoSZnXMnn1NhfDLPt108Pcc0AZuWl_pSy1F_YEONnzH_MvRTcks9iCJXWqj0j3Rx4ScGBNIFOl6F6hPbYFal5yTkMn8UEVTGY.4LOaBd6KCRaNosoSf7Nbt_mO6cnPrNOqo6Pyeg9DvWYSznPh75h2DAxZzNqOFwrXGsymiQqmLmL_MGnDP5atSNFDmth3CP2yb2.B5f6gOvcwEwHMP72PWwROHJFWyx1hQx9wYnXFrV0kfBqa.kFoTM08qhD_jXTQrh4ycTJjIvjM9oe4Y263RrcQSIbF5xtgnLNKb2lOqBzI5RLVa5fFpE.kdFYCgg55BPUwJrGPNsQBg.uS91ORD7GaM23h3TfQ.whDjr9RWk1xj.8X4n897_b8IDqggPXf1mWy9SN0XQbnBwBkhr9oQtjpw4dKmzMAwbZ3q8GHGGgonXuLQyJRMQPLSO_6RRsMtDtKg9lRjUcu187PGUNgFxJV0E6qSO8tEco8PP0iJIfNPPv.ikYfLvIBkr2LuCpH1So7HnuPqkePuiMQDsPflWdzxZ80772.2fAlZvUrprToUVS8DvUxu3iRibUD5KxRbgiPlzi4udOHi2xcoHoeFoPdHna_5NgT9zqFmQFJkwSdYpvowbfLqbsqOjIxTnmxVVCtf2px8ehfmXOzdawqAcrXVmLa2WDPrtTUJ0eZ_j4.4KrIlhpB8Y8vo29tfhmptOsTh0yjlDBK1eAXkd.MuSnjYAYqacgkIT076zjXcMA.6PlrZYCm.kIzlFJFmnBkj4kLbJ.wpgjzzUoTYtVXPVzeZ9RacdBDjK_eXqt02FeC5dQeWe1yRqSL4nnuP4P69n0OQtabHp7.pbnrCcugTr7A",mdrd: "Bs02GVdgO.yhGOIyw5nDNO30G9VT4r7xOhEuDQObuss-1741093276-1.2.1.1-HdIKg3DTqYnFFjjK0vd4mnGQFGDESUgRPsaPq.mFqvQSIW1uQ6lLGVSwY_K4mrPR1ec51eh5yk9gagpjOzvnlzEZHJSFIpKWG5kNr61U1Ew5pqc6NqG9CByhdbSZa0wED.rTwAEn.6Yhc06.r8TmPZhiNLJllgU7qnNmTVvqI3_GRPbiAYKGhVXJXVtU27zXdi89lET2ysFzKy4iKJTL9RsG26l2uYeulPLstO4dFLn4imfwLCh24FmzsVwVehV83tkQ6k08dlXmHgByuPP1VGtDRAjYrCkbnxTF6FIg6FeX_PDpRx1NPDXygQmORdAhdAiy5zW.l_tn4K6D_6.mcPCJslE0snl1vLliKNDVXRJYGXK0fgq12dhn9.h1lBPFDTHZN3Ntdk.u9Ps2.5fUW06x.VdPuym4f.teCK6GdpoKRJL8qrNmVCmRnzFBwk0qmVNCD1l1cntUxL7CiD3OhC1KnXPXBLpHbNuq.gSzqScJ3BdY4AjO_zka1OUyblq9ri68_6lPdEq3QZpgkXgn2qfpQ.W0y6z9FwkvKqNK4DIL72lP1P2zkCnKna7KKIya0OALyL6xTrzrI09TrP0yo6QHwL.YNoKzEl81WLQn99QKea0WaJRgyB2GxROJzzpGY7NEHLsoMRE0b3B01egbmCQ2pno0mVL06tXKWQ3z_52KCMnMnSW5k3By9n6rtzrSKxdLMSJ82VlizR8xf3jnUzgr1nCWV8TqA941ujkTRYzchp8J3KEmMG6dAADTIrHCvLLy2L3Q.YNm_rxdTq0IgLSs1dv0MB1GzDlXUokw9nlA72DsuVrVKX7SYNCG.kACHkX0LY1VUgY4HU15evoJh_1p4811t_4yIGR6wGK5rVA7ARmNJYrwjJEjnoExkKs.BUlEXn26iFMxO612SjHm6Yirdu6AWKQnYZXJyjyVOLmhiy2Psxpjjp3F45FW8jbMKG7wJJRAo5e3wX.WJ9pJMCwgfaoL9YFaJFETmpVlNbHPivtfGua9g5WD.rOpGVkXeNpvR3ILU23krjhkjrwRt4MIoEaqxB3JIw7aJvrFBsvm3kPDBsBMLG2ytt.l18rnwc87ZAB.xunWD459hW2OgOwFHgrkrVbS3jgJi1y35OkPZJTdQ2OiLAadRPn8tJ7y7cb87qE_VuDYx0O4vNXbihR1wJK5PoMxOVY3MhYg1Kwa999N44Dmz6CoD_p8S9zeoWF3zvA6tmXrVhXJyP_pVNnLOTC3dWYI8hw6PJw0pTUbSDDVcbisRND4uh7w.jZXW5AbE.ClivIwGcOXX5MiLAY2z39v2DRZ1MvjTNQePUliisqBglKRYnTtf4HO3X1mEHENqxJgrUWroMdK0Qs6gsQtrUECBPb5OTK4cIrbD4MlawPs2XOXa4wbNAFNQ02eDPLHQRe6OQsM9iWC5RfxFNbkfVuf7Ar2Lrl2esQ9.NJyg6danFW3x5g02IdUuSR0e3gdYCAZvti2L0ZuoVDEMCfc79ZzlAOFck_Gr2amHy2ibzwqXrwWx0LwB...DlpyXPxFo_VFVImcW6FAqmSQ1njCM4vazYB0S1SIGtqVf.qMQDA3yRCK1X7Brzso5xbY.T1omC2xohf_rJvGNHXse9RQKCr1ceOja3jiUbUjJRRBBcD8HR4LfD8rCDmxZ5cfFhKUFgZG3miyIEK3Rr.SD.Qu6odPSPjrQvkzZlAKtC75mJfRzO2NkZXoXPouz7SiAvjp9AjdonbSfwHI3F2jaEdlimPWzf6HZn27p1iSMexSJgvryIEqYtNw7bLk_NJ4LA4J2l5wnbwWRfIAJ7ZvKFlktwYRAjcr6I77_RAjLb5GS9DcXzXf.0FcpsTFypI1_Z9.PPteioNN5YeWI9Ijp0im0U5Ib5O53FYuVJDIXo4U5Kl2l4B8zcbS9ZB1stEhzsgjTTuXOy4ljoNJZwvYUvPbNQY0dd54n1mEoA1LzxXcvGifB.N5rMNylUthh5n9"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91b18fb3ad5744c7';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/10007611\/apa?__cf_chl_rt_tk=nvXQh0rZ5OFgHJSvX.rSruNA5aR7SSpyGcC5ElHqyYc-1741093276-1.0.1.1-HASTBuVG0I9BomZ0g9CLM9Y7NL5YkQia5suUIgiSXME" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>