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class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Nettstad"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innhald" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhald</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button 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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drivkrefter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Drivkrefter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drivkrefter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vern_mot_stormflod" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vern_mot_stormflod"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Vern mot stormflod</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vern_mot_stormflod-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sjå_òg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sjå_òg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Sjå òg</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sjå_òg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kjelder" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kjelder"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Kjelder</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kjelder-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bakgrunnsstoff" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bakgrunnsstoff"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bakgrunnsstoff</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bakgrunnsstoff-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhald" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innhaldslista" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innhaldslista</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Stormflod</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til ein artikkel på eit anna språk. Tilgjengeleg på 39 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-39" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">39 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stormflo" title="Stormflo – norsk bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Stormflo" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norsk bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stormflod" title="Stormflod – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Stormflod" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stormflod" title="Stormflod – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Stormflod" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%81" title="عرام العواصف – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عرام العواصف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daluyong" title="Daluyong – sentralbikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Daluyong" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="sentralbikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maror_cicl%C3%B2nica" title="Maror ciclònica – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Maror ciclònica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bou%C5%99liv%C3%BD_p%C5%99%C3%ADliv" title="Bouřlivý příliv – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bouřlivý příliv" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sturmflut" title="Sturmflut – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sturmflut" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storm_surge" title="Storm surge – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Storm surge" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marejada_cicl%C3%B3nica" title="Marejada ciclónica – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Marejada ciclónica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagailo_zikloniko" title="Sagailo zikloniko – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sagailo zikloniko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A2%D8%A8" title="خیزآب – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خیزآب" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onde_de_temp%C3%AAte" title="Onde de tempête – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Onde de tempête" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoarmfloed" title="Stoarmfloed – vestfrisisk" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Stoarmfloed" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="vestfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borradh_stoirme" title="Borradh stoirme – irsk" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Borradh stoirme" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%AD%ED%92%8D%ED%95%B4%EC%9D%BC" title="폭풍해일 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="폭풍해일" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelombang_badai" title="Gelombang badai – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gelombang badai" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81hla%C3%B0andi" title="Áhlaðandi – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Áhlaðandi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onda_di_tempesta" title="Onda di tempesta – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Onda di tempesta" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onn_tanp%C3%A8t" title="Onn tanpèt – haitisk" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Onn tanpèt" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audros_patvanka" title="Audros patvanka – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Audros patvanka" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vihardag%C3%A1ly" title="Vihardagály – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Vihardagály" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stormvloed" title="Stormvloed – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Stormvloed" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E6%BD%AE" title="高潮 – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="高潮" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sturemflud" title="Sturemflud – nordfrisisk" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Sturemflud" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nordfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stormfloot" title="Stormfloot – lågtysk" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Stormfloot" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="lågtysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar%C3%A9_de_tempestade" title="Maré de tempestade – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Maré de tempestade" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2" title="Штормовой прилив – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Штормовой прилив" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storm_surge" title="Storm surge – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Storm surge" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myrskyvuoksi" title="Myrskyvuoksi – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Myrskyvuoksi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daluyong" title="Daluyong – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Daluyong" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B6%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B8" title="ระดับน้ำสูงขึ้นโดยพายุ – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ระดับน้ำสูงขึ้นโดยพายุ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C4%B1rt%C4%B1na_dalgas%C4%B1" title="Fırtına dalgası – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fırtına dalgası" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2" title="Штормовий приплив – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Штормовий приплив" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B2_%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تیز طوفان – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تیز طوفان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dulok" title="Dulok – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Dulok" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A3%8E%E6%9A%B4%E6%BD%AE" title="风暴潮 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="风暴潮" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A2%A8%E6%9A%B4%E6%BD%AE" title="風暴潮 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="風暴潮" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A3%8E%E6%9A%B4%E6%BD%AE" title="风暴潮 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="风暴潮" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q121742#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Endra mellomspråklege lenkjer" class="wbc-editpage">Endra lenkjer</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Stormflod" title="Vis innhaldssida [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskusjon:Stormflod&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskusjon om innhaldssida (sida finst ikkje) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskusjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Endre språkvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">norsk nynorsk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" 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det frie oppslagsverket</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nn" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Carol_in_Rhode_Island.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Carol_in_Rhode_Island.jpg/220px-Carol_in_Rhode_Island.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Carol_in_Rhode_Island.jpg/330px-Carol_in_Rhode_Island.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Carol_in_Rhode_Island.jpg/440px-Carol_in_Rhode_Island.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1308" data-file-height="1184" /></a><figcaption>Stormflod frå <a href="/wiki/Tropisk_syklon" title="Tropisk syklon">den tropiske syklonen</a> Carol over <a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a> i <a href="/wiki/1969" title="1969">1969</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Iniki_Storm_Surge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Iniki_Storm_Surge.jpg/220px-Iniki_Storm_Surge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Iniki_Storm_Surge.jpg/330px-Iniki_Storm_Surge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Iniki_Storm_Surge.jpg/440px-Iniki_Storm_Surge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="509" data-file-height="347" /></a><figcaption>Flaum ved stormflod i 1992</figcaption></figure><p><b>Stormflod</b> er ei heving av vasspegelen ved <a href="/wiki/V%C3%AAr" title="Vêr">vêrsystem</a> med lågtrykk kombinert med pålandsvind som skyver vatn i ei bølgje mot kysten. Eit slikt vêrsystem kan typisk vere ein <a href="/wiki/Tropisk_syklon" title="Tropisk syklon">tropisk syklon</a>, men er òg vanleg langs vestkysten av Noreg og eit døme på dette er når Bryggen i Bergen vert overfløymd av sjøvatn. Det er vindtrykket mot <a href="/wiki/Hav" title="Hav">havoverflata</a> som utgjer det største tilskotet til stormfloda, men samtidig har lufttrykket ein sekundær effekt. Ein <a href="/wiki/HPa" class="mw-redirect" title="HPa">hPa</a> lågare lufttrykk enn normalt gir omkring éin cm høgare vasstand <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Likeins kan havdjupna gje ein verknad. Kombinasjonen av lågtrykk med vedvarande vind over grunt vatn er hovudårsaka til <a href="/wiki/Flaum" title="Flaum">flaum</a> og skadeverk av stormfloda. </p><p>Særleg er stormfloda skadeleg når ho kjem samstundes med høgt <a href="/wiki/Tidvatn" title="Tidvatn">tidvatn</a> og formar ein kombinert effekt av dei to bølgjene. </p><p>Den høgaste stormfloda som er registrert vart produsert av syklonen Mahina i 1899, som førte til ei 13 meter høg stormflod ved Bathurst Bay i <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>. Orkanen Katrina danna ei 9 meter høg stormflod i St. Louisbukta i <a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a>, <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a> i 2005. I 1970 vart <a href="/wiki/Bengalbukta" title="Bengalbukta">Bengalbukta</a> råka av syklonen Bhola. Stormfloda som denne førte med seg tok svært mange liv, antakalegvis så mange som 500 000, men talet kan ha vore høgare. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Stormflod_i_samband_med_tropiske_syklonar">Stormflod i samband med tropiske syklonar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stormflod&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Endre bolk: Stormflod i samband med tropiske syklonar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stormflod&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Stormflod i samband med tropiske syklonar"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ni av ti menneske som døyr som følgje av tropiske syklonar vert drepne av stormfloda som oppstår. <a href="/wiki/Bengalbukta" title="Bengalbukta">Bengalbukta</a> er det området i verda som oftast vert råka av stormfloder, og ein har registrert 142 alvorlege hendingar frå 1582 til 1991. Desse flodene har teke livet av hundretusenvis av menneske, hovudsakleg i <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>. Øyane i <a href="/wiki/Karibia" title="Karibia">Karibia</a> har òg vert råka av mange stormfloder. </p><p>I 1900 vart <a href="/w/index.php?title=Galveston&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galveston (sida finst ikkje)">Galveston</a> i <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> råka av ein kategori 4 orkan som tok mellom 6000 og 12000 liv, noko som gjer dette til den mest døydelege <a href="/wiki/Naturkatastrofe" title="Naturkatastrofe">naturkatastofa</a> i USA si historie. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Drivkrefter">Drivkrefter</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stormflod&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Endre bolk: Drivkrefter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stormflod&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Drivkrefter"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Ein har minst fem prosessar som kan heve vassflata i samband med uvêr. Dette er effektar av <a href="/wiki/Lufttrykk" title="Lufttrykk">lufttrykk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vind" title="Vind">vind</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corioliskrafta" title="Corioliskrafta">jordrotasjonen</a>, <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B8lgje" title="Bølgje">bølgjer</a> og <a href="/wiki/Regn" title="Regn">regn</a>. Lufttrykket til tropiske syklonar er ofte så lågt at vassflata vil stige i <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A5gtrykk" title="Lågtrykk">lågtrykksenteret</a>. Vindstress på overflata kan skyve vatn opp mot ein kyst. Denne effekten er omvendt proporsjonal med havdjupet. </p><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Frame"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Storm_surge_graphic.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Storm_surge_graphic.gif" decoding="async" width="350" height="118" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="118" /></a><figcaption>Grafisk illustrasjon av stormflod.</figcaption></figure><p>Bølgjehøgda og stormfloda er begge påverka av kor grunt vatnet er og utforminga av havbotn. Grunt vatn fører til høgare bølgjer og stormflod enn djupt vatn. Årsaka til dette er at stormfloda på djupt vatn kan spreie seg nedover i djupet, medan ho over grunnvatn berre kan vekse i høgda og vert så driven mot land av vinden frå uvêret. Topografien spelar òg ei viktig rolle for kor alvorleg ei stormflod kan verte. Område som ligg mindre enn eit par meter over havnivå er særleg utsette for stormflod. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vern_mot_stormflod">Vern mot stormflod</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stormflod&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Endre bolk: Vern mot stormflod" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stormflod&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Vern mot stormflod"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Etter <a href="/wiki/Nordsj%C3%B8flaumen_i_1953" title="Nordsjøflaumen i 1953">Nordsjøflaumen i 1953</a>, som tok mange liv i Nordvest-Europa, såg ein at det var nødvendig med førebyggjande arbeid for å verne seg mot stormfloder. Desse verna er opne for fri passasje, men vert lukka når området er trua av stormflod. <a href="/wiki/Nederland" title="Nederland">Nederland</a>, der store landområde ligg lågare enn havoverflata og som vart hardt råka av Nordsjøflaumen i 1953, har mange slike vern. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sjå_òg"><span id="Sj.C3.A5_.C3.B2g"></span>Sjå òg</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stormflod&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Endre bolk: Sjå òg" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stormflod&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Sjå òg"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tropisk_syklon" title="Tropisk syklon">Tropisk syklon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordsj%C3%B8flaumen_i_1953" title="Nordsjøflaumen i 1953">Nordsjøflaumen i 1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsunami" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsunami">Tsunami</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kjelder">Kjelder</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stormflod&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Endre bolk: Kjelder" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stormflod&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Kjelder"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3318915">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.storm.no/nyheter/ekstremvaeret-beritderfor-blir-det-stormflo-3645297.html#disqus_thread">Storm: «Derfor blir det stormflo»</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bakgrunnsstoff">Bakgrunnsstoff</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stormflod&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Endre bolk: Bakgrunnsstoff" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stormflod&action=edit&section=6" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Bakgrunnsstoff"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Anthes, R.A., 1982. Tropical Cyclones; Their Evolution, Structure and Effects, Meteorological Monographs,19(41), Ephrata, PA., 208 p.</li> <li>Cotton, W.R., 1990. Storms. Fort Collins, Colorado: *ASTeR Press, 158 p.</li> <li>Dunn, G.E. and Miller, B., 1964. Atlantic Hurricanes. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 377 p.</li> <li>Finkl, C.W. Jnr., 1994, Disaster Mitigation in the South Atlantic Coastal Zone (SACZ): A Prodrome for Mapping Hazards and Coastal Land Systems Using the Example of Urban subtropical Southeastern Florida. In: Finkl, C.W., Jnr. (ed.), Coastal Hazards: Perception, Susceptibility and Mitigation. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 12, 339-366.</li> <li>Florida Department of Community Affairs, Division of Emergency Management, 1995. Lake Okeechobee Storm Surge Atlas for 17.5' & 21. 5' Lake Elevations. Southwest Florida Regional Planning Council, Ft. Myers, Florida. var. pag.</li> <li>Gornitz, V.; Daniels, R.C.; White, T.W., and Birdwell, K.R., 1994. The development of a coastal risk assessment database: Vulnerability to sea level rise in the U.S. southeast. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 12, 327-338.</li> <li>Harris, D.L., 1963. Characteristics of the Hurricane Storm Surge, Technical Paper No. 48, United States Weather Bureau, Washington, D.C., 139 p.</li> <li>Hebert, P.J. and Case, R.A, 1990. The Deadliest, Costliest, and Most Intense United States Hurricanes of This Century (and other Frequently Requested Hurricane Facts), NOAA Technical Memorandum NWS NHC 31, Miami, Florida, 33 p.</li> <li>Hebert, P.J.; Jerrell, J.; and Mayfield, M., 1995. The Deadliest, Costliest, and Most Intense United States Hurricanes of This Century (and other Frequently Requested Hurricane Facts), NOAA Technical Memorandum NWS NHC 31,Coral Gables, Fla., In: Tait, Lawrence, (Ed.) Hurricanes...Different Faces In Different Places, (proceedings) 17th Annual National Hurricane Conference, Atlantic City, N.J., 10-50.</li> <li>Jarvinen, B.R. and Lawrence, M.B., 1985. An evaluation of the SLOSH storm-surge model. Bulletin American Meteorological Society 66(11) 1408-1411.</li> <li>Jelesnianski, C.P., 1972. SPLASH (Special Program To List Amplitudes of Surges From Hurricanes) I. Landfall Storms, NOAA Technical Memorandum NWS TDL-46. National Weather Service Systems Development Office, Silver Spring, Maryland, 56 p.</li> <li>Jelesnianski, Chester P., Jye Chen and Wilson A. Shaffer, 1992. SLOSH: Sea, Lake, and Overland Surges from Hurricanes, NOAA Technical Report NWS 48. National Weather Service, Silver Spring, Maryland, 71 p.</li> <li>Lane, 1981. Environmental Geology Series, West Palm Beach Sheet; Map Series 101. Florida Bureau of Geology, Tallahassee, 1 sheet.</li> <li>Murty, T.S. and Flather, R.A., 1994, Impact of Storm Surges in the Bay of Bengal. 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