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mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="מראה"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="שינוי המראה של גודל הגופן, הרוחב והצבע של הדף" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="מראה" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">מראה</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_he.wikipedia.org&uselang=he" class=""><span>תרומה לוויקיפדיה</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9F&returnto=%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%AA+%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%AA" title="מומלץ ליצור חשבון ולהיכנס אליו, אך אין חובה לעשות זאת" class=""><span>יצירת חשבון</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9F&returnto=%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%AA+%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%AA" title="מומלץ להיכנס לחשבון, אך אין חובה לעשות זאת [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>כניסה לחשבון</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="אפשרויות נוספות" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="כלים אישיים" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">כלים אישיים</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="תפריט משתמש" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_he.wikipedia.org&uselang=he"><span>תרומה לוויקיפדיה</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9F&returnto=%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%AA+%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%AA" title="מומלץ ליצור חשבון ולהיכנס אליו, אך אין חובה לעשות זאת"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>יצירת חשבון</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9F&returnto=%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%AA+%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%AA" title="מומלץ להיכנס לחשבון, אך אין חובה לעשות זאת [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>כניסה לחשבון</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> דפים לעורכים שלא נכנסו לחשבון <a href="/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%94:%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9D" aria-label="מידע נוסף על עריכה"><span>מידע נוסף</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99" title="רשימת העריכות שנעשו מכתובת IP זו [y]" accesskey="y"><span>תרומות</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%97%D7%94_%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99" title="דיון על העריכות שנעשו מכתובת IP זו [n]" accesskey="n"><span>שיחה</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="אתר"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="תוכן עניינים" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">תוכן עניינים</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">העברה לסרגל הצד</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">הסתרה</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">התחלה</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-ארגונים_המתנגדים_לתקשורת_מסוייעת" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ארגונים_המתנגדים_לתקשורת_מסוייעת"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>ארגונים המתנגדים לתקשורת מסוייעת</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ארגונים_המתנגדים_לתקשורת_מסוייעת-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-תקשורת_מסוייעת_בישראל" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#תקשורת_מסוייעת_בישראל"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>תקשורת מסוייעת בישראל</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-תקשורת_מסוייעת_בישראל-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-קישורים_חיצוניים" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#קישורים_חיצוניים"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>קישורים חיצוניים</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-קישורים_חיצוניים-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-הערות_שוליים" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#הערות_שוליים"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>הערות שוליים</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-הערות_שוליים-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="תוכן עניינים" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="מצב תוכן העניינים" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">מצב תוכן העניינים</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">תקשורת מסוייעת</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="מעבר לערך בשפה אחרת. זמין ב־15 שפות" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 שפות</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facilitated_communication" title="Facilitated communication – אנגלית" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Facilitated communication" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="אנגלית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gefasiliteerde_kommunikasie" title="Gefasiliteerde kommunikasie – אפריקאנס" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Gefasiliteerde kommunikasie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="אפריקאנס" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%84_%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%B1" title="تواصل ميسر – ערבית" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تواصل ميسر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="ערבית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gest%C3%BCtzte_Kommunikation" title="Gestützte Kommunikation – גרמנית" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gestützte Kommunikation" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="גרמנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komunikazio_erraztu" title="Komunikazio erraztu – בסקית" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Komunikazio erraztu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="בסקית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuettu_kommunikoinnin_harjoittelutekniikka" title="Tuettu kommunikoinnin harjoittelutekniikka – פינית" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tuettu kommunikoinnin harjoittelutekniikka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="פינית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication_facilit%C3%A9e" title="Communication facilitée – צרפתית" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Communication facilitée" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="צרפתית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comunicazione_facilitata" title="Comunicazione facilitata – איטלקית" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Comunicazione facilitata" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="איטלקית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%B7%E3%83%AA%E3%83%86%E3%82%A4%E3%83%86%E3%83%83%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B3%E3%83%9F%E3%83%A5%E3%83%8B%E3%82%B1%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3" title="ファシリテイテッド・コミュニケーション – יפנית" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ファシリテイテッド・コミュニケーション" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="יפנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gefaciliteerde_communicatie" title="Gefaciliteerde communicatie – הולנדית" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gefaciliteerde communicatie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="הולנדית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fasilitert_kommunikasjon" title="Fasilitert kommunikasjon – נורווגית ספרותית" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fasilitert kommunikasjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="נורווגית ספרותית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metoda_u%C5%82atwionej_komunikacji" title="Metoda ułatwionej komunikacji – פולנית" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Metoda ułatwionej komunikacji" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="פולנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comunica%C3%A7%C3%A3o_facilitada" title="Comunicação facilitada – פורטוגזית" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Comunicação facilitada" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="פורטוגזית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faciliterad_kommunikation" title="Faciliterad kommunikation – שוודית" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Faciliterad kommunikation" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="שוודית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Полегшена комунікація – אוקראינית" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Полегшена комунікація" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="אוקראינית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q734079#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="עריכת קישורים בין־לשוניים" class="wbc-editpage">עריכת הקישורים</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="מרחבי שם"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%AA" title="צפייה בדף התוכן [c]" accesskey="c"><span>ערך</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%97%D7%94:%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%AA" rel="discussion" title="שיחה על דף התוכן [t]" accesskey="t"><span>שיחה</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="שינוי הגוון השפה" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">עברית</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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</div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="כלי דף"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="מראה"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">מראה</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">העברה לסרגל הצד</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">הסתרה</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">מתוך ויקיפדיה, האנציקלופדיה החופשית</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-rtl mw-parser-output" lang="he" dir="rtl"><p><b>תקשורת מסוייעת</b> (ב<a href="/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%AA" title="אנגלית">אנגלית</a>: <b>Facilitated Communication</b>) היא טכניקה <a href="/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%95%D7%93%D7%95-%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%A2" title="פסאודו-מדע">שהופרכה מבחינה מדעית</a>, בה מנחה מסייעת למטופלים עם <a href="/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%99_%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="קלינאי תקשורת">מוגבלות מילולית</a> (לדוגמה <a href="/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%98%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="אוטיזם">אוטיזם</a>) להקליד אותיות ב<a href="/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%93%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%A9%D7%91" title="מקלדת מחשב">מקלדת</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> לכאורה, המנחה עוזרת למטופלים לבחור את האותיות על-ידי תמיכה פיזית ועידוד רגשי. למעשה, קיימות עדויות חד-משמעיות לכך שהמסרים המוקלדים מנוסחים על-ידי המנחה עצמה, ולא על-ידי המטופל.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>קיימת הסכמה רחבה בתוך הקהילה המדעית ובקרב ארגוני תמיכה בקבוצות עם מוגבלויות, לכך שתקשורת מסוייעת היא <a href="/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%95%D7%93%D7%95-%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%A2" title="פסאודו-מדע">פסאודו-מדע</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ואינה תקפה לתקשורת עם אנשים הסובלים מהפרעה בספקטרום האוטיסטי.<sup id="cite_ref-Review_2018_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Review_2018-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> מחקרים מצביעים על כך שהמנחה היא המקור להודעות המתקבלות דרך תקשורת מסוייעת, ולא האדם בעל המוגבלות. המנחה עשויה להאמין שהיא אינה מקור ההודעות, אך למעשה, היא מניעה את זרועו של המטופל באמצעות הנחיה <a href="/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A7%D7%98_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%93%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99" title="האפקט האידיאומוטורי">אידיומוטורית</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Why_debunked_autism_treatment_fads_persist_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Why_debunked_autism_treatment_fads_persist-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ganz/Katsiyannis/Morin_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ganz/Katsiyannis/Morin-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> אפקט הדומה לזה הפועל ב<a href="/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%97_%D7%95%D7%99%D7%92%27%D7%99" title="לוח ויג'י">לוח ויג'י</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>בתקשורת מסוייעת, המטופל, שאינו מסוגל בדרך-כלל לתקשר בעזרת דיבור, נקרא "שותף לתקשורת", ואילו האדם המחזיק בזרועו נקרא "המנחה". המנחה מחזיק או נוגע במרפק, פרק כף היד, היד, שרוול או חלקים אחרים של הגוף<sup id="cite_ref-Biklen,_Douglas_(1990)_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biklen,_Douglas_(1990)-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> בעוד השותף לתקשורת מצביע על אותיות האלף בית במקלדת או בהתקן אחר.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> המנחה מתוארת כמי שרק עוזרת למטופל להצביע על אותיות, לשלוט בתנועות זרוע בלתי רצוניות, להימנע משגיאות וליזום תנועה.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> למעשה, מחקרים מצאו בעקביות שתקשורת מסוייעת אינה מסוגלת לספק את המענה הנכון, כאשר המנחה לא יודעת את התשובות לשאלות. למשל, כאשר הראו למטופל חפץ מסוים, אך לא למנחה, לא התקבלה תשובה נכונה לגבי זהות החפץ.<sup id="cite_ref-An_experimental_analysis_of_facilitated_communication_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-An_experimental_analysis_of_facilitated_communication-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> דוגמה נוספת לחוסר ה<a href="/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%A3_(%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%A7%D7%A8)" title="תוקף (מחקר)">תקפות</a> של השיטה היא בכך שבמקרים רבים המנחות חשבו שהמטופלים מקלידים מסר קוהרנטי, בעוד שבעצם עיני המטופל היו עצומות, או מוסטות הצידה.<sup id="cite_ref-Making_contact_with_a_helping_hand_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Making_contact_with_a_helping_hand-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> למרות אטרקטיביות השיטה בעיני חלק מהמשתמשים והמטפלים, רוב הארגונים למען טיפול ב<a href="/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%AA" title="קלינאות תקשורת">קשיי תקשורת</a> ממליצים בחריפות שלא להשתמש בה.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ישנה הבחנה ברורה בין תקשורת מסוייעת, אשר היא שיטה ללא ביסוס מדעי, לבין <a href="/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%9B%D7%AA_%D7%95%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%AA" title="תקשורת תומכת וחליפית">תקשורת תומכת וחליפית</a>. בתקשורת תומכת וחליפית נעשה גם שימוש ב<a href="/wiki/%D7%98%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94" title="טכנולוגיה">כלים טכנולוגיים</a> כדי לסייע למטופלים עם <a href="/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%99_%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="קלינאי תקשורת">קשיי דיבור</a> לתקשר,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> אך כלים אלה כן מבוססים מדעית. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ארגונים_המתנגדים_לתקשורת_מסוייעת"><span id=".D7.90.D7.A8.D7.92.D7.95.D7.A0.D7.99.D7.9D_.D7.94.D7.9E.D7.AA.D7.A0.D7.92.D7.93.D7.99.D7.9D_.D7.9C.D7.AA.D7.A7.D7.A9.D7.95.D7.A8.D7.AA_.D7.9E.D7.A1.D7.95.D7.99.D7.99.D7.A2.D7.AA"></span>ארגונים המתנגדים לתקשורת מסוייעת</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%AA&action=edit&section=1" title="עריכת קוד המקור של הפרק: ארגונים המתנגדים לתקשורת מסוייעת"><span>עריכת קוד מקור</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%AA&veaction=edit&section=1" title="עריכת פסקה: "ארגונים המתנגדים לתקשורת מסוייעת"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>עריכה</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>רוב הארגונים המקצועיים העוסקים ב<a href="/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%90%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94" title="פסיכיאטריה">פסיכיאטריה</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%92%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%A4%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%AA" title="מוגבלות שכלית התפתחותית">מוגבלות שכלית</a>, ו<a href="/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%99_%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="קלינאי תקשורת">בעיות תקשורת</a> מתנגדים לשימוש בתקשורת נתמכת.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>האקדמיה האמריקאית לפסיכיאטריה לילדים ובני נוער (AACAP)<sup id="cite_ref-Riggott,_Julie_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Riggott,_Julie-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%90%D7%AA_%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%93%D7%99%D7%9D" title="האקדמיה האמריקאית לרפואת ילדים">האקדמיה האמריקאית לרפואת ילדים</a> (AAP)<sup id="cite_ref-ISAAC_Position_Statement_(2014)_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISAAC_Position_Statement_(2014)-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Scientific_Review_(2005)_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scientific_Review_(2005)-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>האיגוד האמריקאי למגבלות שכליות והתפתחותיות (AAIDD), שנקרא בעבר האיגוד האמריקאי לפיגור שכלי (AAMR)<sup id="cite_ref-ISAAC_Position_Statement_(2014)_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISAAC_Position_Statement_(2014)-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Scientific_Review_(2005)_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scientific_Review_(2005)-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>בנייר עמדה שפרסם חבר הנאמנים של AAIDD הם מסכמים וכותבים "במקום לתת לאנשים לבטא את מחשבותיהם, רצונותיהם ובחירותיהם, תקשורת מסוייעת ו<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%98%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%97%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="שיטת ההנחיה המהירה (הדף אינו קיים)">שיטת ההנחיה המהירה</a> עלולים להשתיק את קולות המטופלים. זאת בשל הסכנה להשפעת המנחה, וכן בשל הסכנה להעביר משאבים לשיטה זו על פני שיטות שנתמכו מדעית, כמו אלה מתחום ה<a href="/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%9B%D7%AA_%D7%95%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%AA" title="תקשורת תומכת וחליפית">תקשורת התומכת והחלופית</a>." </p> <ul><li>מועצת הנציגים של איגוד הפסיכיאטרים האמריקאי (APACR)<sup id="cite_ref-ISAAC_Position_Statement_(2014)_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISAAC_Position_Statement_(2014)-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Scientific_Review_(2005)_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scientific_Review_(2005)-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%92%D7%95%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94" title="האגודה האמריקנית לפסיכולוגיה">האגודה האמריקנית לפסיכולוגיה</a> (APA)<sup id="cite_ref-Riggott,_Julie_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Riggott,_Julie-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>האגודה האמריקנית לדיבור, שפה ושמיעה (ASHA)<sup id="cite_ref-Jacobson,_Mulick,_Schwartz_(1995)_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jacobson,_Mulick,_Schwartz_(1995)-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ECE_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ECE-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Duchan,_Judith_(2001)_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duchan,_Judith_(2001)-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%92%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%97_%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%94%D7%92%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="האיגוד לניתוח התנהגות בינלאומי (הדף אינו קיים)">האגודה הבינלאומית לניתוח התנהגות</a> (ABAI)<sup id="cite_ref-Scientific_Review_(2005)_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scientific_Review_(2005)-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Riggott,_Julie_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Riggott,_Julie-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%92%D7%95%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%A2_%D7%91%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C_%D7%91%D7%90%D7%95%D7%98%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="האגודה למדע בטיפול באוטיזם">האגודה למדע הטיפול באוטיזם</a><sup id="cite_ref-ISAAC_Position_Statement_(2014)_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISAAC_Position_Statement_(2014)-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>החברה הבינלאומית לתקשורת תומכת וחלופית (ISAAC)<sup id="cite_ref-ISAAC_Position_Statement_(2014)_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISAAC_Position_Statement_(2014)-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>המכון הבריטי הלאומי למצוינות בבריאות וטיפול (נייס)<sup id="cite_ref-NICE_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NICE-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="תקשורת_מסוייעת_בישראל"><span id=".D7.AA.D7.A7.D7.A9.D7.95.D7.A8.D7.AA_.D7.9E.D7.A1.D7.95.D7.99.D7.99.D7.A2.D7.AA_.D7.91.D7.99.D7.A9.D7.A8.D7.90.D7.9C"></span>תקשורת מסוייעת בישראל</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%AA&action=edit&section=2" title="עריכת קוד המקור של הפרק: תקשורת מסוייעת בישראל"><span>עריכת קוד מקור</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%AA&veaction=edit&section=2" title="עריכת פסקה: "תקשורת מסוייעת בישראל"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>עריכה</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>בישראל, קיים שימוש בתקשורת מסוייעת, למרות היותה חסרת ביסוס מדעי. בין השאר, השיטה שימשה בטקסים דתיים בהם ילד או ילדה הסובלים מאוטיזם עלו על הבמה ובעזרת "תקשורת מסוייעת" העבירו מסרים על חוויותיהם ממפגשים עם מלאכים.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> במסגרת <a href="/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%A8%D7%A9%D7%AA" title="סדרת רשת">תוכנית הרשת</a> ה<a href="/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99" title="סרט תיעודי">דוקומנטרית</a> "<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%9B%D7%90%D7%9F_%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="כאן מקשיבים (הדף אינו קיים)">כאן מקשיבים</a>" של <a href="/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%90%D7%9F_11" title="כאן 11">כאן 11</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A0%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9F" title="אורית נבון">אורית נבון</a> הציגה שני סרטונים בהם ישנו שימוש בתקשורת מסוייעת.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> בסרטים אלה המנחה מוצגת כ"מורה להקלדה" או "סייעת". הסרטונים הוצגו ללא גישה ביקורתית. </p><p>בישראל, מיוצגת החברה הבינלאומית ל<a href="/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%9B%D7%AA_%D7%95%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%AA" title="תקשורת תומכת וחליפית">תקשורת תומכת וחלופית</a> ISAAC על-ידי העמותה אייזק - ישראל. בדף העמותה מצוין כי הם "מודאגים מן השימוש הממושך בתקשורת מסוייעת (FC) למרות הספרות הקיימת לגבי [חוסר] תוקפה של שיטה זו."<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="קישורים_חיצוניים"><span id=".D7.A7.D7.99.D7.A9.D7.95.D7.A8.D7.99.D7.9D_.D7.97.D7.99.D7.A6.D7.95.D7.A0.D7.99.D7.99.D7.9D"></span>קישורים חיצוניים</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%AA&action=edit&section=3" title="עריכת קוד המקור של הפרק: קישורים חיצוניים"><span>עריכת קוד מקור</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%AA&veaction=edit&section=3" title="עריכת פסקה: "קישורים חיצוניים"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>עריכה</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>אברהם שטינברג, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.daat.ac.il/daat/kitveyet/assia/tikshoret-2.htm">תקשורת מסייעת עם ילדים אוטיסטים או מפגרים</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D7%93%D7%A2%D7%AA_(%D7%90%D7%AA%D7%A8_%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%98)" title="דעת (אתר אינטרנט)">דעת</a>, כסלו תשנ"ז</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/YouTube_full-color_icon_%282017%29.svg/15px-YouTube_full-color_icon_%282017%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/YouTube_full-color_icon_%282017%29.svg/23px-YouTube_full-color_icon_%282017%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/YouTube_full-color_icon_%282017%29.svg/30px-YouTube_full-color_icon_%282017%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="358" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://youtube.com/watch?v={{{1}}}">יורם בילו: מה אומרת הנשמה: שימושים מטפיזיים ב"תקשורת נתמכת" בקהילה החרדית בישראל</a>, סרטון בערוץ "האוניברסיטה הפתוחה", באתר <a href="/wiki/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%98%D7%99%D7%95%D7%91" title="יוטיוב">יוטיוב</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="הערות_שוליים"><span id=".D7.94.D7.A2.D7.A8.D7.95.D7.AA_.D7.A9.D7.95.D7.9C.D7.99.D7.99.D7.9D"></span>הערות שוליים</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%AA&action=edit&section=4" title="עריכת קוד המקור של הפרק: הערות שוליים"><span>עריכת קוד מקור</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%AA&veaction=edit&section=4" title="עריכת פסקה: "הערות שוליים"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>עריכה</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist references-small"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0">1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1">2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2">3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-3">4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-4">5</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Ralf W. Schlosser, Susan Balandin, Bronwyn Hemsley, Teresa Iacono, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.3109/07434618.2014.971490">Facilitated Communication and Authorship: A Systematic Review</a>, <strong>Augmentative and Alternative Communication</strong> 30, 2014-12, עמ' 359–368 <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3109%2F07434618.2014.971490">10.3109/07434618.2014.971490</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bronwyn Hemsley, Lucy Bryant, Ralf W Schlosser, Howard C Shane, Russell Lang, Diane Paul, Meher Banajee, Marie Ireland, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2396941518821570">Systematic review of facilitated communication 2014–2018 finds no new evidence that messages delivered using facilitated communication are authored by the person with disability</a>, <strong>Autism & Developmental Language Impairments</strong> 3, 2018-01, עמ' 239694151882157 <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1177%2F2396941518821570">10.1177/2396941518821570</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jason C. Travers, Matt J. Tincani, Russell Lang, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1540796914556778">Facilitated Communication Denies People With Disabilities Their Voice</a>, <strong>Research and Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities</strong> 39, 2014-09, עמ' 195–202 <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1177%2F1540796914556778">10.1177/1540796914556778</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Review_2018-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Review_2018_4-0">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36773988">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation .reference-accessdate,.mw-parser-output .citation .reference-archive{unicode-bidi:isolate;direction:rtl}.mw-parser-output .citation .external{unicode-bidi:isolate}.mw-parser-output .reference-accessdate,.mw-parser-output .reference-archive-date{display:none}</style><cite id="CITEREFHemsleyBryantSchlosserShane2018" class="citation journal cs1">Hemsley, Bronwyn; Bryant, Lucy; Schlosser, Ralf; Shane, Howard; Lang, Russell; Paul, Diane; Benajee, Meher; Ireland, Marie (2018). "Systematic review of facilitated communication 2014-2018 finds no new evidence that messages delivered using facilitated communication are authored by the person with the disability". <i>Autism and Developmental Language Impairments</i>. <b>3</b>: 239694151882157. <a href="/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%96%D7%94%D7%94_%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%9D_%D7%93%D7%99%D7%92%D7%99%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%99" class="mw-redirect" title="מזהה עצם דיגיטלי">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F2396941518821570">10.1177/2396941518821570</a>free</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Autism+and+Developmental+Language+Impairments&rft.atitle=Systematic+review+of+facilitated+communication+2014-2018+finds+no+new+evidence+that+messages+delivered+using+facilitated+communication+are+authored+by+the+person+with+the+disability&rft.volume=3&rft.pages=239694151882157&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F2396941518821570&rft.aulast=Hemsley&rft.aufirst=Bronwyn&rft.au=Bryant%2C+Lucy&rft.au=Schlosser%2C+Ralf&rft.au=Shane%2C+Howard&rft.au=Lang%2C+Russell&rft.au=Paul%2C+Diane&rft.au=Benajee%2C+Meher&rft.au=Ireland%2C+Marie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhe.wikipedia.org%3A%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%AA+%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%AA" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA:Cite_journal" title="תבנית:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: תחזוקה - ציטוט: postscript (<a href="/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94:%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%96%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%94_-_%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95%D7%98:_postscript" title="קטגוריה:תחזוקה - ציטוט: postscript">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Why_debunked_autism_treatment_fads_persist-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Why_debunked_autism_treatment_fads_persist_5-0">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36773988"><cite id="CITEREFLilienfeld2015" class="citation web cs1">Lilienfeld; et al. 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Emory University<span class="reference-accessdate">. נבדק ב-<span dir="rtl">10 בנובמבר 2015</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Science+Daily&rft.atitle=Why+debunked+autism+treatment+fads+persist&rft.date=2015-02-26&rft.au=Lilienfeld&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedaily.com%2Freleases%2F2015%2F02%2F150226154644.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhe.wikipedia.org%3A%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%AA+%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%AA" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-hidden-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA:Cite_web" title="תבנית:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-hidden-error citation-comment"> (<a href="/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%94:%D7%A9%D7%92%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95%D7%98#date_auto_xlated" title="עזרה:שגיאות ציטוט">עזרה</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ganz/Katsiyannis/Morin-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Ganz/Katsiyannis/Morin_6-0">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36773988"><cite id="CITEREFGanzKatsiyannisMorin2017" class="citation journal cs1">Ganz, Jennifer B.; Katsiyannis, Antonis; Morin, Kristi L. 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