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<!DOCTYPE html> <html xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml' xmlns:b='http://www.google.com/2005/gml/b' xmlns:data='http://www.google.com/2005/gml/data' xmlns:expr='http://www.google.com/2005/gml/expr'> <head> <link href='https://www.blogger.com/static/v1/widgets/55013136-widget_css_bundle.css' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'/> <meta content='text/html; charset=UTF-8' http-equiv='Content-Type'/> <meta content='blogger' name='generator'/> <link href='https://gafter.blogspot.com/favicon.ico' rel='icon' type='image/x-icon'/> <link href='http://gafter.blogspot.com/2008/08/' rel='canonical'/> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Neal Gafter's blog - Atom" href="https://gafter.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Neal Gafter's blog - RSS" href="https://gafter.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default?alt=rss" /> <link rel="service.post" type="application/atom+xml" title="Neal Gafter's blog - Atom" href="https://www.blogger.com/feeds/7803021/posts/default" />  <meta content='http://gafter.blogspot.com/2008/08/' property='og:url'/> <meta content='Neal Gafter's blog' property='og:title'/> <meta content='Thoughts about Programming Languages, Science and Philosophy.' property='og:description'/> <title>Neal Gafter's blog: August 2008</title> <style id='page-skin-1' type='text/css'></style> <link href='https://www.blogger.com/dyn-css/authorization.css?targetBlogID=7803021&zx=a47950cc-bda2-40e3-a160-8f470a51c044' media='none' onload='if(media!='all')media='all'' rel='stylesheet'/><noscript><link href='https://www.blogger.com/dyn-css/authorization.css?targetBlogID=7803021&zx=a47950cc-bda2-40e3-a160-8f470a51c044' rel='stylesheet'/></noscript> <meta name='google-adsense-platform-account' content='ca-host-pub-1556223355139109'/> <meta name='google-adsense-platform-domain' content='blogspot.com'/> </head> <body> <div class='navbar section' id='navbar'><div class='widget Navbar' data-version='1' id='Navbar1'><script type="text/javascript"> function setAttributeOnload(object, attribute, val) { if(window.addEventListener) { window.addEventListener('load', function(){ object[attribute] = val; }, false); } else { window.attachEvent('onload', function(){ object[attribute] = val; }); } } </script> <div id="navbar-iframe-container"></div> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://apis.google.com/js/platform.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> gapi.load("gapi.iframes:gapi.iframes.style.bubble", function() { if (gapi.iframes && gapi.iframes.getContext) { gapi.iframes.getContext().openChild({ url: 'https://www.blogger.com/navbar.g?targetBlogID\x3d7803021\x26blogName\x3dNeal+Gafter\x27s+blog\x26publishMode\x3dPUBLISH_MODE_BLOGSPOT\x26navbarType\x3dBLUE\x26layoutType\x3dLAYOUTS\x26searchRoot\x3dhttps://gafter.blogspot.com/search\x26blogLocale\x3den\x26v\x3d2\x26homepageUrl\x3dhttps://gafter.blogspot.com/\x26vt\x3d9028559674743070826', where: document.getElementById("navbar-iframe-container"), id: "navbar-iframe", messageHandlersFilter: gapi.iframes.CROSS_ORIGIN_IFRAMES_FILTER, messageHandlers: { 'blogger-ping': function() {} } }); } }); </script><script type="text/javascript"> (function() { var script = document.createElement('script'); script.type = 'text/javascript'; script.src = '//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/google_top_exp.js'; var head = document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]; if (head) { head.appendChild(script); }})(); </script> </div></div> <div id='outer-wrapper'><div id='wrap2'>  <span id='skiplinks' style='display:none;'> <a href='#main'>skip to main </a> | <a href='#sidebar'>skip to sidebar</a> </span> <div id='header-wrapper'> <div class='header section' id='header'><div class='widget Header' data-version='1' id='Header1'> <div id='header-inner'> <div class='titlewrapper'> <h1 class='title'> <a href='https://gafter.blogspot.com/'> Neal Gafter's blog </a> </h1> </div> <div class='descriptionwrapper'> <p class='description'><span>Thoughts about Programming Languages, Science and Philosophy.</span></p> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> <div id='content-wrapper'> <div id='main-wrapper'> <div class='main section' id='main'><div class='widget Blog' data-version='1' id='Blog1'> <div class='blog-posts hfeed'> <div class="date-outer"> <h2 class='date-header'><span>Thursday, August 07, 2008</span></h2> <div class="date-posts"> <div class='post-outer'> <div class='post'> <a name='3047255195011311765'></a> <h3 class='post-title'> <a href='https://gafter.blogspot.com/2008/08/java-closures-prototype-feature.html'>Java Closures Prototype Feature-Complete</a> </h3> <div class='post-header-line-1'></div> <div class='post-body'> <p><p>I'm pleased to announce that the Java Closures prototype now supports all of the features of its specification! <p>The complete source code, released under GPLv2, is in the project's openjdk repository. A binary build, suitable for use with an existing JDK6, is at <a href="http://www.javac.info/closures.tar.gz" >http://www.javac.info/closures.tar.gz</a>. Other related documents are on the website <a href="http://www.javac.info/" >http://www.javac.info/</a> <p>Although there is room for performance tuning, the prototype supports the full <a href="http://www.javac.info/closures-v05.html ">Closures (v0.5) specification</a>. Based on your feedback, there are some changes in the prototype suitable for a future update of the specification: <ul> <li>Renamed <code>Unreachable</code> to <code>Nothing</code></li> <blockquote> We adopt the name used by Scala to represent the same concept. </blockquote> <li>Removed support for the type <code>null</code></li> <blockquote> We used <code>null</code> as a placeholder for an exception type when none can be thrown. The type <code>Nothing</code> now serves that purpose; <code>null</code> is no longer supported as the name of a type. </blockquote> <li>Overhauled restricted versus unrestricted</li> <blockquote> In the specification, an interface is considered <em>restricted</em> if it extends a marker interface. Unfortunately, the specification only provides a syntax for function type interfaces that are unrestricted. We modified the syntax so that a function type written using the <code>=></code> token designates a restricted function type, while one written using the newly introduced <code>==></code> token represents an unrestricted function type. This allows programmers to easily write APIs that restrict (or don't restrict) the operations of closure expressions passed as parameters. </blockquote> <li>Refined restrictions</li> <blockquote> We modified the distinction between restricted and unrestricted closures. As before, it is not legal to convert an unrestricted closure to a restricted interface type, nor is it legal to <code>break</code>, <code>continue</code>, or <code>return</code> from inside a restricted closure to a target outside the closure. However, a restricted closure is allowed to refer to a non-final local variable from an enclosing scope. In this case a warning is given unless one of the following conditions holds: <ol> <li>The variable is not the target of any assignment, or</li> <li>The variable is annotated @Shared</li> </ol> <p>It is possible to suppress the warning by annotating some enclosing construct <code>@SuppressWarnings("shared")</code>. </blockquote> <li>Relaxed the closure conversion</li> <blockquote> In response to user feedback, we've relaxed the relationship between a closure parameter's type and the target interface's parameter type. Rather than requiring them to be of the same type, they are now allowed to be related by an assignment conversion, including boxing or unboxing. </blockquote> <li><code>for</code>-qualified method declarations</li> <blockquote> The <code>for</code> keyword on a method declaration, meant to introduce a control abstraction method that works like a loop, is now treated syntactically like a modifier rather than appearing immediately before the method name. This helps make the declaration site more similar to the use site. </blockquote> <li>Added support for method references</li> <blockquote> <p>We added extensive support for treating a reference to a method as a closure using a newly introduced token <code>#</code>. The syntax is borrowed from the <a href="http://docs.google.com/View?docid=ddhp95vd_6hg3qhc">FCM proposal</a>. The semantics are as follows:</p> <p>A method reference written as</p> <blockquote> <pre> <em>Primary</em> # <em>Identifier</em> ( <em>TypeList</em> ) </pre> </blockquote> <p>where the Primary designates an expression (as opposed to a type) is treated the same as a closure <blockquote> <pre> { Type x0, Type x1 ... => tmp.Identifier(x0, x1 ...) } </pre> </blockquote> or <blockquote> <pre> { Type x0, Type x1 ... => tmp.Identifier(x0, x1 ...); } </pre> </blockquote> <p>Where tmp is a temporary value that holds the computed value of the primary expression. The former translation is used when the resolved method has a non-void return type, while the latter is used when the resolved method has a void return type. <p>If the primary resolves to a type, then this is translated to <blockquote> <pre> { Type x0, Type x1 ... => Primary.Identifier(x0, x1 ...) } </pre> </blockquote> or <blockquote> <pre> { Type x0, Type x1 ... => Primary.Identifier(x0, x1 ...); } </pre> </blockquote> <p>when the resolved method is static, or <blockquote> <pre> { Primary x, Type x0, Type x1 ... => x.Identifier(x0, x1 ...) } </pre> </blockquote> or <blockquote> <pre> { Primary x, Type x0, Type x1 ... => x.Identifier(x0, x1 ...); } </pre> </blockquote> <p>when the resolved method is an instance method. <p>In addition, optional explicit type arguments, between angle brackets, may be placed immediately after the <code>#</code> token. These are used directly in the translated method invocation to resolve the method to be invoked. </blockquote> <li>Implemented a classfile format for the <code>for</code> qualifier</li> <blockquote> We've impleemnted a class file representation of the <code>for</code> qualifier to support separate compilation. </blockquote> </ul></p> <div style='clear: both;'></div> </div> <div class='post-footer'> <p class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-1'><span class='post-comment-link'> <a class='comment-link' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/7803021/3047255195011311765' onclick=''>42 comments</a> </span> <span class='post-icons'> </span> <span class='post-backlinks post-comment-link'> </span> </p> <p class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-2'></p> <p class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-3'></p> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> <div class='blog-pager' id='blog-pager'> <span id='blog-pager-newer-link'> <a class='blog-pager-newer-link' 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class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://gafter.blogspot.com/2005/'> 2005 </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://gafter.blogspot.com/2005/02/'> February </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://gafter.blogspot.com/2004/'> 2004 </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://gafter.blogspot.com/2004/09/'> September </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class='clear'></div> </div> </div><div class='widget Profile' data-version='1' id='Profile1'> <h2>About Me</h2> <div class='widget-content'> <dl class='profile-datablock'> <dt class='profile-data'> <a class='profile-name-link g-profile' href='https://www.blogger.com/profile/08579466817032124881' rel='author' style='background-image: url(//www.blogger.com/img/logo-16.png);'> Neal Gafter </a> </dt> <dd class='profile-textblock'>Neal Gafter is a Computer Programming Language Designer and Implementer, Amateur Scientist and Philosopher. He works on the Rel compiler at Relational.AI. He previously worked for Microsoft on C#, for Google on Calendar, and for Sun Microsystems on Java. Neal was granted an OpenJDK Community Innovators' Challenge award for his design and implementation of lambda expressions for Java. He is coauthor of <em>Java Puzzlers: Traps, Pitfalls, and Corner Cases</em> (Addison Wesley, 2005). He was a member of the C++ Standards Committee and led the development of C and C++ compilers at Sun Microsystems, Microtec Research, and Texas Instruments. He holds a Ph.D. in computer science from the University of Rochester.</dd> </dl> <a class='profile-link' href='https://www.blogger.com/profile/08579466817032124881' rel='author'>View my complete profile</a> <div class='clear'></div> </div> </div></div> </div>  <div class='clear'> </div> </div>  <div id='footer-wrapper'> <div class='footer no-items section' id='footer'></div> </div> </div></div>  <script src="//www.google-analytics.com/urchin.js" type="text/javascript"> </script> <script type='text/javascript'> _uacct = "UA-605497-1"; urchinTracker(); </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.blogger.com/static/v1/widgets/3704019819-widgets.js"></script> <script type='text/javascript'> window['__wavt'] = 'AOuZoY731Lwir2iydca2_JJigpIYju0BuQ:1733911479406';_WidgetManager._Init('//www.blogger.com/rearrange?blogID\x3d7803021','//gafter.blogspot.com/2008/08/','7803021'); _WidgetManager._SetDataContext([{'name': 'blog', 'data': {'blogId': '7803021', 'title': 'Neal Gafter\x27s blog', 'url': 'https://gafter.blogspot.com/2008/08/', 'canonicalUrl': 'http://gafter.blogspot.com/2008/08/', 'homepageUrl': 'https://gafter.blogspot.com/', 'searchUrl': 'https://gafter.blogspot.com/search', 'canonicalHomepageUrl': 'http://gafter.blogspot.com/', 'blogspotFaviconUrl': 'https://gafter.blogspot.com/favicon.ico', 'bloggerUrl': 'https://www.blogger.com', 'hasCustomDomain': false, 'httpsEnabled': true, 'enabledCommentProfileImages': true, 'gPlusViewType': 'FILTERED_POSTMOD', 'adultContent': false, 'analyticsAccountNumber': '', 'encoding': 'UTF-8', 'locale': 'en', 'localeUnderscoreDelimited': 'en', 'languageDirection': 'ltr', 'isPrivate': false, 'isMobile': false, 'isMobileRequest': false, 'mobileClass': '', 'isPrivateBlog': false, 'isDynamicViewsAvailable': false, 'feedLinks': '\x3clink rel\x3d\x22alternate\x22 type\x3d\x22application/atom+xml\x22 title\x3d\x22Neal Gafter\x26#39;s blog - 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