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choline</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vitamins_and_choline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Minerals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Minerals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>Minerals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Minerals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sodium_and_potassium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sodium_and_potassium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Sodium and potassium</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sodium_and_potassium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul 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Available in 11 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-11" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">11 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الكمية الغذائية اليومية المرجعية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الكمية الغذائية اليومية المرجعية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8A%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Препоръчителни норми за денонощен прием – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Препоръчителни норми за денонощен прием" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantitat_d%27ingesti%C3%B3_di%C3%A0ria_recomanada" title="Quantitat d'ingestió diària recomanada – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Quantitat d'ingestió diària recomanada" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B0%DB%8C_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87" title="مقدار مواد مغذی مورد نیاز روزانه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مقدار مواد مغذی مورد نیاز روزانه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apports_journaliers_recommand%C3%A9s" title="Apports journaliers recommandés – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Apports journaliers recommandés" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengambilan_Harian_Rujukan" title="Pengambilan Harian Rujukan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pengambilan Harian Rujukan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Рекомендуемая суточная норма потребления – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рекомендуемая суточная норма потребления" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference_Daily_Intake" title="Reference Daily Intake – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Reference Daily Intake" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Referans_G%C3%BCnl%C3%BCk_Al%C4%B1m" title="Referans Günlük Alım – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Referans Günlük Alım" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Рекомендована добова норма споживання – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Рекомендована добова норма споживання" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E6%AF%8F%E6%97%A5%E6%91%84%E5%85%A5%E9%87%8F" title="参考每日摄入量 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="参考每日摄入量" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daily_Value&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily Value">Daily Value</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">US/Canada food nutrient labelling system</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the food labelling system used in the European Union and the United Kingdom, see <a href="/wiki/Reference_Intake" title="Reference Intake">Reference Intake</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><p>In the U.S. and Canada, the <b>Reference Daily Intake</b> (<b>RDI</b>) is used in <a href="/wiki/Nutrition_labeling" class="mw-redirect" title="Nutrition labeling">nutrition labeling</a> on food and dietary supplement products to indicate the daily intake level of a <a href="/wiki/Nutrient" title="Nutrient">nutrient</a> that is considered to be sufficient to meet the <a href="/wiki/Dietary_requirements" class="mw-redirect" title="Dietary requirements">requirements</a> of 97–98% of healthy individuals in every <a href="/wiki/Demographic" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographic">demographic</a> in the United States. While developed for the <a href="/wiki/US_population" class="mw-redirect" title="US population">US population</a>, it has been adopted by Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-hc_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The RDI is used to determine the <b>Daily Value</b> (<b>DV</b>) of foods, which is printed on <a href="/wiki/Nutrition_facts_label" title="Nutrition facts label">nutrition facts labels</a> (as <b>%DV</b>) in the United States and Canada, and is regulated by the <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA) and by <a href="/wiki/Health_Canada" title="Health Canada">Health Canada</a>, respectively. The labels "high", "rich in", or "excellent source of" may be used for a food if it contains 20% or more of the DV.<sup id="cite_ref-dv3-24_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dv3-24-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The labels "good source", "contains", or "provides" may be used on a food if it contains between 10% and 20% of the DV,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "low source" applies if the %DV is 5% or lower.<sup id="cite_ref-dv3-24_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dv3-24-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) were a set of nutrition recommendations that evolved into both the <a href="/wiki/Dietary_Reference_Intake" title="Dietary Reference Intake">Dietary Reference Intake</a> (DRI) system of nutrition recommendations (which still defines RDA values) and the RDIs used for food labeling. The first regulations governing U.S. nutrition labels specified a <b>% U.S. RDA</b> declaration based on the current RDA values, which had been published in 1968. Later, the % U.S. RDA was renamed the %DV and the RDA values that the %DVs were based on became the RDIs. </p><p>The RDAs (and later the RDA values within the DRI) were regularly revised to reflect the latest scientific information, but although the nutrition labeling regulations were occasionally updated, the existing RDI values were not changed, so that until 2016, many of the DVs used on nutrition facts labels were still based on the outdated RDAs from 1968. In 2016, the Food and Drug Administration published changes to the regulations including updated RDIs and DVs based primarily on the RDAs in the current DRI.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Food_labeling_reference_tables">Food labeling reference tables</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reference_Daily_Intake&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Food labeling reference tables"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The reference dietary intake (RDI) gives numbers based on gender and age. The Daily Value (DV) is put on the labels of food products and is meant for the general population.<sup id="cite_ref-dv3-24_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dv3-24-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Daily_Values">Daily Values</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reference_Daily_Intake&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Daily Values"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The FDA issued a final rule on changes to the facts panel on May 27, 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-fda16_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fda16-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new values were published in the <i>Federal Register</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FedReg_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FedReg-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The original deadline to be in compliance was July 28, 2018, but on May 4, 2018, the FDA released a final rule that extended the deadline to January 1, 2020, for manufacturers with $10 million or more in annual food sales, and by January 1, 2021, for manufacturers with less than $10 million in annual food sales.<sup id="cite_ref-FDA_nutrition_label_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDA_nutrition_label-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FDAdelay_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDAdelay-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FDA_rule_20180504_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDA_rule_20180504-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the first six months following the January 1, 2020 compliance date, the FDA worked cooperatively with manufacturers to meet the new Nutrition Facts label requirements, and did not focus on enforcement actions regarding these requirements during that time.<sup id="cite_ref-FDA_nutrition_label_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDA_nutrition_label-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Labeling_requirements">Labeling requirements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reference_Daily_Intake&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Labeling requirements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of 2024, the FDA requires manufacturers to display the contents and %DVs of certain nutrients on packaged food or supplement labels, with the instruction:<sup id="cite_ref-dv3-24_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dv3-24-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote> <p><i>The Nutrition Facts label must list total fat, saturated fat, trans fat, cholesterol, sodium, total carbohydrate, dietary fiber, total sugars, added sugars, protein, and certain vitamins and minerals. While the actual amount and %DV of vitamin D, calcium, iron, and potassium must be listed, other vitamins and minerals may be listed voluntarily by the manufacturer.</i> </p><p><i>However, they are required to list any vitamins and minerals that are added to the food or if a statement is made on the package labeling about their health effects or the amount contained in the food (for example, "high" or "low").</i> </p><p><i>Similarly, the Supplement Facts label is required to list the same nutrients as the Nutrition Facts label when any of these nutrients are found in the supplement in an amount considered to be greater than zero.</i> </p> </blockquote> <p>The following table lists the DVs based on a caloric intake of 2000 k<a href="/wiki/Calories" class="mw-redirect" title="Calories">cal</a> (8400 k<a href="/wiki/Joule" title="Joule">J</a>), for adults and children four or more years of age, as of 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-dv3-24_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dv3-24-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Nutrient </th> <th>DV<sup id="cite_ref-dv3-24_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dv3-24-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Total <a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">fat</a> </td> <td>78 <a href="/wiki/Gram" title="Gram">g</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saturated_fatty_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Saturated fatty acid">Saturated fatty acids</a> </td> <td>20 g </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cholesterol" title="Cholesterol">Cholesterol</a> </td> <td>300 <a href="/wiki/Milligram" class="mw-redirect" title="Milligram">mg</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium">Sodium</a> </td> <td>2300 mg </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Potassium_in_biology" title="Potassium in biology">Potassium</a> </td> <td>4700 mg </td></tr> <tr> <td>Total <a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">carbohydrate</a> </td> <td>275 g </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Added_sugars" class="mw-redirect" title="Added sugars">Added sugars</a> </td> <td>50 g </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dietary_fiber" title="Dietary fiber">Dietary fiber</a> </td> <td>28 g<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Protein_(nutrient)" title="Protein (nutrient)">Protein</a> </td> <td>50 g<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Vitamins_and_choline">Vitamins and choline</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reference_Daily_Intake&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Vitamins and choline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Micronutrient </th> <th>DV </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_A" title="Vitamin A">Vitamin A</a></td> <td>900 <a href="/wiki/Microgram" title="Microgram">μg</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C">Vitamin C</a></td> <td>90 mg </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_D" title="Vitamin D">Vitamin D</a></td> <td>20 μg </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_E" title="Vitamin E">Vitamin E</a></td> <td>15 mg alpha-tocopherol </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_K" title="Vitamin K">Vitamin K</a></td> <td>120 μg </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Thiamin" class="mw-redirect" title="Thiamin">Thiamin</a></td> <td>1.2 mg </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Riboflavin" title="Riboflavin">Riboflavin</a></td> <td>1.3 mg </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Niacin_(nutrient)" class="mw-redirect" title="Niacin (nutrient)">Niacin</a></td> <td>16 mg </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pantothenic_acid" title="Pantothenic acid">Pantothenic acid</a></td> <td>5 mg </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B6" title="Vitamin B6">Vitamin B6</a></td> <td>1.7 mg </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B12" title="Vitamin B12">Vitamin B12</a></td> <td>2.4 μg </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Biotin" title="Biotin">Biotin</a></td> <td>30 μg </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Folate" title="Folate">Folate</a></td> <td>400 μg </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Choline" title="Choline">Choline</a></td> <td>550 mg </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Minerals">Minerals</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reference_Daily_Intake&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Minerals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Micronutrient </th> <th>DV </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Calcium_in_biology" title="Calcium in biology">Calcium</a></td> <td>1300 mg </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chromium#Dietary_recommendations" title="Chromium">Chromium</a></td> <td>35 μg </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Copper_in_biology" title="Copper in biology">Copper</a></td> <td>0.9 mg </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Iodine_in_biology" title="Iodine in biology">Iodine</a></td> <td>150 μg </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Iron_in_biology" title="Iron in biology">Iron</a></td> <td>18 mg </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_in_biology" title="Magnesium in biology">Magnesium</a></td> <td>420 mg </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Manganese_in_biology" title="Manganese in biology">Manganese</a></td> <td>2.3 mg </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Molybdenum_in_biology" title="Molybdenum in biology">Molybdenum</a></td> <td>45 μg </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus_in_biology" class="mw-redirect" title="Phosphorus in biology">Phosphorus</a></td> <td>1250 mg </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Selenium_in_biology" title="Selenium in biology">Selenium</a></td> <td>55 μg </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zinc_in_biology" title="Zinc in biology">Zinc</a></td> <td>11 mg </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Potassium_in_biology" title="Potassium in biology">Potassium</a></td> <td>4700 mg </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sodium_in_biology" title="Sodium in biology">Sodium</a></td> <td>2300 mg </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chloride" title="Chloride">Chloride</a></td> <td>2300 mg </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reference_Daily_Intake&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dietary_Reference_Intakes.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dietary_Reference_Intakes.svg/220px-Dietary_Reference_Intakes.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dietary_Reference_Intakes.svg/330px-Dietary_Reference_Intakes.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dietary_Reference_Intakes.svg/440px-Dietary_Reference_Intakes.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="782" data-file-height="335" /></a><figcaption>Dietary Reference Intakes</figcaption></figure> <p>The RDI is derived from the RDAs, which were first developed during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> by <a href="/wiki/Lydia_J._Roberts" class="mw-redirect" title="Lydia J. Roberts">Lydia J. Roberts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hazel_Stiebeling" title="Hazel Stiebeling">Hazel Stiebeling</a> and <a href="/wiki/Helen_S._Mitchell" title="Helen S. Mitchell">Helen S. Mitchell</a>, all part of a committee established by the U.S. <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a> to investigate issues of nutrition that might "affect national defense" (Nestle, p 35). The committee was renamed the Food and Nutrition Board in 1941, after which they began to deliberate on a set of recommendations for a standard daily allowance for each type of <a href="/wiki/Nutrient" title="Nutrient">nutrient</a>. The standards would be used for nutrition recommendations for the armed forces, civilians, and overseas populations who might need food relief. Roberts, Stiebeling, and Mitchell surveyed all available data, created a tentative set of allowances for "energy and eight nutrients", and submitted them to experts for review (Nestle, p 35). The final set of guidelines, called RDAs for Recommended Dietary Allowances, was accepted in 1941. The allowances were meant to provide superior nutrition for civilians and military personnel, so they included a "margin of safety". Because of food rationing during the war, the food guides created by government agencies to direct citizens' nutritional intake also took food availability into account.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Food and Nutrition Board subsequently revised the RDAs every five to ten years. In 1973, the FDA introduced regulations to specify the format of nutrition labels when present, although the inclusion of such labels was largely voluntary, only being required if nutrition claims were made or if nutritional supplements were added to the food. The nutrition labels were to include percent U.S. RDA based on the 1968 RDAs in effect at the time. The RDAs continued to be updated (in 1974, 1980 and 1989) but the values specified for nutrition labeling remained unchanged.<sup id="cite_ref-iom-2010-history_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iom-2010-history-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1993, the FDA published new regulations mandating the inclusion of a <a href="/wiki/Nutrition_facts_label" title="Nutrition facts label">nutrition facts label</a> on most packaged foods. Originally the FDA had proposed replacing the percent U.S. RDAs with percent daily values based on the 1989 RDAs but the Dietary Supplement Act of 1992 prevented it from doing so. Instead, it introduced the RDI to be the basis of the new daily values. The RDI consisted of the existing U.S. RDA values (still based on the 1968 RDAs as the FDA was not allowed to change them at the time) and new values for additional nutrients not included in the 1968 RDAs.<sup id="cite_ref-iom-2010-history_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iom-2010-history-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1997, at the suggestion of the <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Institute of Medicine">Institute of Medicine</a> of the National Academy, the RDAs became one part of a broader set of dietary guidelines called the <a href="/wiki/Dietary_Reference_Intake" title="Dietary Reference Intake">Dietary Reference Intake</a> used by both the United States and Canada. As part of the DRI, the RDAs continued to be updated. </p><p>On May 27, 2016, the FDA updated the regulations to change the RDI and Daily Values to reflect current scientific information.<sup id="cite_ref-fda16_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fda16-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FedReg_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FedReg-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Until this time, the Daily Values were still largely based on the 1968 RDAs. The new regulations make several other changes to the nutrition facts label to facilitate consumer understanding of the calorie and nutrient contents of their foods, emphasizing nutrients of current concern, such as <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_D" title="Vitamin D">vitamin D</a> and <a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium">potassium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-fda16_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fda16-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The revision to the regulations came into effect on 26 July 2016 and initially stipulated that larger manufacturers must comply within two years while smaller manufacturers had an additional year.<sup id="cite_ref-fda16_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fda16-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-iom-2010-history_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iom-2010-history-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On May 4, 2018, the FDA released a final rule that extended the deadline to January 1, 2020, for large companies and to January 1, 2021, for small companies.<sup id="cite_ref-FDA_rule_20180504_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDA_rule_20180504-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the first six months following the January 1, 2020 compliance date, the FDA worked cooperatively with manufacturers to meet the new Nutrition Facts label requirements and did not focus on enforcement actions regarding these requirements during that time.<sup id="cite_ref-FDA_nutrition_label_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDA_nutrition_label-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sodium_and_potassium">Sodium and potassium</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reference_Daily_Intake&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Sodium and potassium"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2010, the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Institute of Medicine">Institute of Medicine</a> determined that the government should establish new consumption standards for salt to reduce the amount of <a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium">sodium</a> in the typical American diet below levels associated with higher risk of several <a href="/wiki/Cardiovascular_diseases" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardiovascular diseases">cardiovascular diseases</a>, yet maintain consumer preferences for salt-flavored food.<sup id="cite_ref-iom_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iom-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1999, the average American adult ingested nearly 4,000 mg of sodium daily, far above the National Research Council recommendation that the general U.S. population consume no more than 2,400 mg of sodium (or 6 grams of salt) per day.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For instance, the <a href="/wiki/National_Research_Council_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Research Council (United States)">National Research Council</a> said in 1989 that 500 milligrams of sodium per day (approximately 1,250 milligrams of table salt) "might be" a safe minimum level, based on estimated and assumed obligatory urinary, fecal, and dermal losses.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the United Kingdom, the daily allowance for salt is 6 g (approximately 1.2 teaspoons, about the upper limit in the U.S.), an amount considered "too high".<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Institute of Medicine advisory stated (daily intake basis): "Americans consume more than 3,400 milligrams of sodium – the amount in about 1.5 teaspoons of salt (8.7 g) – each day. The recommended maximum daily intake of sodium – the amount above which health problems appear – is 2,300 milligrams per day for adults, about 1 teaspoon of salt (5.9 g). The recommended adequate intake of sodium is 1,500 milligrams (3.9 g salt) per day, and people over 50 need even less."<sup id="cite_ref-iom_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iom-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Daily Value for potassium, 4,700 mg per day, was based on a study of men who were given 14.6 g of sodium chloride per day and treated with potassium supplements until the frequency of salt sensitivity was reduced to 20%.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reference_Daily_Intake&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dietary_Reference_Intake" title="Dietary Reference Intake">Dietary Reference Intake</a> – US system of nutrition recommendations</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dietary_Reference_Values" class="mw-redirect" title="Dietary Reference Values">Dietary Reference Values</a> – EU/UK system of nutritional advice<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essential_nutrient" class="mw-redirect" title="Essential nutrient">Essential nutrient</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reference_Daily_Intake&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">based on 14 g/1000 Calories and a 2,000-Calorie diet</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">based on 10% of a 2,000-Calorie diet</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reference_Daily_Intake&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div 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0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output 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The National Academies Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17226%2F12957">10.17226/12957</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-309-15827-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-309-15827-5"><bdi>978-0-309-15827-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24983042">24983042</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=2+History+of+Nutrition+Labeling&rft.btitle=Front-of-Package+Nutrition+Rating+Systems+and+Symbols%3A+Phase+I+Report&rft.pub=The+National+Academies+Press&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24983042&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17226%2F12957&rft.isbn=978-0-309-15827-5&rft.au=Institute+of+Medicine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nap.edu%2Fread%2F12957%2Fchapter%2F4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReference+Daily+Intake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Food Labeling: Revision of the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels". <i>Federal Register</i>. 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National Academies Press. 2005. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17226%2F10925">10.17226/10925</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-309-09169-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-309-09169-5"><bdi>978-0-309-09169-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Berkeley: University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520224650" title="Special:BookSources/9780520224650"><bdi>9780520224650</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Food+Politics%3A+How+the+Food+Industry+Influences+Nutrition+and+Health&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780520224650&rft.aulast=Nestle&rft.aufirst=Marion&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffoodpolitics00mari&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReference+Daily+Intake" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reference_Daily_Intake&oldid=1257475555">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reference_Daily_Intake&oldid=1257475555</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dietary_minerals" title="Category:Dietary minerals">Dietary minerals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nutrition" title="Category:Nutrition">Nutrition</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Vitamins" title="Category:Vitamins">Vitamins</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Source_attribution" title="Category:Source attribution">Source attribution</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_November_2018" title="Category:Use mdy dates from November 2018">Use mdy dates from November 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_March_2023" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from March 2023">Articles with unsourced statements from March 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_displaying_short_descriptions_of_redirect_targets_via_Module:Annotated_link" title="Category:Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets via Module:Annotated link">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets via Module:Annotated link</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 15 November 2024, at 02:13<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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