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See our <a href="/wiki/CZ:Financial_report" title="CZ:Financial report">financial report</a>. </td></tr></tbody></table> <blockquote> <p><br /> </p><p><br /> </p><p><br /> </p><p><br /> </p><p><br /> </p> </blockquote> <p><br /> </p><p><br /> </p><p><br /> </p><p><br /> </p><p><br /> </p><p><br /> </p><p><br /> </p><p><br /> </p><p><br /> </p><p><br /> </p><p><br /> </p><p><br /> </p><p><br /> </p><p><br /> </p><p><br /> </p> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="width:50%; border:1px solid #e9e9e9; border-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.05); margin:0; padding:0; background:#fafafa; background:rgba(255,255,255,0.6); vertical-align:top; -moz-border-radius:0 10px 10px; -webkit-border-radius:10px; -webkit-border-top-left-radius:0; -moz-background-clip:padding; -webkit-background-clip:padding;"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:100%; padding:0; margin:0; background:transparent;"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" style="padding:1em 1em 0.75em;"> <h4 style="margin:0 0 0.75em; padding:0;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Article_counts"> <b>Article counts</b> </span></h4> <p style="line-height:15px; padding-left:20px;"> <a href="/wiki/Category:Citable_versions_of_articles" title="Category:Citable versions of articles">Citable</a> <font size="1">(<b>146</b>)</font><br /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Developed_Articles" title="Category:Developed Articles">Developed</a> <font size="1">(<b>1,125</b>)</font><br /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Developing_Articles" title="Category:Developing Articles">Developing</a> <font size="1">(<b>7,366</b>)</font><br /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Stub_Articles" title="Category:Stub Articles">Stubs</a> <font size="1">(<b>7,656</b>)</font><br /> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Category:CZ_Live" title="Category:CZ Live">16,424 total</a>)</small> </p> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; overflow:hidden; padding:0 0 1em;"> <p style="background:#ffffe0; background:rgba(255, 255, 200, 0.3); border:solid 1px #f2f2d0; border-width: 0 0 1px 1px; font-size:small; text-align:left; padding:1em 2em; margin:0; max-width:30em; float:right; -moz-border-radius:0 10px; -webkit-border-top-right-radius:10px; -webkit-border-bottom-left-radius:10px;"> <b>The most exciting phrase to hear in science, the one that heralds new discoveries, is not “Eureka!” (I found it!) but “That’s funny …”</b><br /> <cite style="font-size:0.9em; font-style:normal;">— Anonymous, attributed to <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov">Isaac Asimov</a></cite><br />        —<small><i><a href="/wiki/CZ:Quote" title="CZ:Quote">add a quotation about knowledge or writing</a></i></small> <br clear="all" /> </p></td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="padding:0 1em 0.5em;" colspan="2"> <hr /><h3 style="margin-top:0; padding-top:0.6em; border-top:1px dotted #e0e0e0;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Featured_Article:_Smart_home"> <p><big><a href="/wiki/CZ:Featured_article" title="CZ:Featured article">Featured Article</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Smart_home" title="Smart home">Smart home</a></i></big> </p> </span></h3> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:402px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Smarthome_categories_on_Amazon.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/wiki/images/thumb/6/6e/Smarthome_categories_on_Amazon.jpg/400px-Smarthome_categories_on_Amazon.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="235" class="thumbimage" srcset="/wiki/images/thumb/6/6e/Smarthome_categories_on_Amazon.jpg/600px-Smarthome_categories_on_Amazon.jpg 1.5x, /wiki/images/thumb/6/6e/Smarthome_categories_on_Amazon.jpg/800px-Smarthome_categories_on_Amazon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="706" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Smarthome_categories_on_Amazon.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Categories of smart home devices shown on Amazon's website in April 2023.</div></div></div> <p>The phrase <b>smart home</b> refers to home automation devices that have internet access. Home automation, a broader category, includes <i>any</i> device that can be monitored or controlled via wireless radio signals, not just those having internet access. Whether the device is powered by the electrical grid or by battery, if it uses the home Wi-Fi network and if an internet logon needs to be created to use it, then it is smart home technology. </p><p>Collectively, all the smart home devices on every home's Wi-Fi network helps to make up what is called the <a href="/wiki/Internet_of_Things" title="Internet of Things">Internet of Things</a> (IoT), a huge sea of sensors and control devices across the world that are capable of being accessed from afar via the internet. One of the key reasons such devices need internet access is so that the manufacturer can periodically download updated firmware to the device to keep it up-to-date. However, being available via the internet also means that such devices are, potentially, available for spying or hacking. Today, homes may contain dozens or even hundreds of such devices, and consumers may enjoy their benefits while knowing little about how they work, or even realizing that they are present. </p> <h2><span id="Not_all_home_automation_is_.22smart.22"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Not_all_home_automation_is_"smart"">Not all home automation is "smart"</span></h2> <p>Many remotely controllable devices do not require internet access. They may instead have physical control devices that use either RF (“Radio Frequency”) or IR (“Infrared”) beams, two different kinds of energy used in remote controls to communicate commands. Non-"smart" home automation may also present security risks, because the control signals can be hijacked by bad actors with the right signaling equipment. Garage door openers are of particular note in this regard. Modern automobiles, in fact, are full of automation similar to home automation, and cars are hackable by bad actors in a number of ways. See Wikipedia's <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_hacking" class="extiw" title="wikipedia:Automotive hacking">Automotive hacking</a> article for more information. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Incompatibility_hassles">Incompatibility hassles</span></h2> <p>At present, consumers must make sure that the smart device they wish to use is specified to be compatible whichever phone/tablet operating system they use (Apple vs. Android). Since smart home products emerged in the absence of any standard, a morass of competing methods for networking, control and monitoring now exist. For some products, consumers may need to buy an expensive hub, or bridge, a device that is specific to one vendor. Products made by different manufacturers but performing the same function are typically not interoperable. Consumers often need to open a different app on their smartphone or tablet in order to control devices by each manufacturer. This may make it too expensive and awkward to try out competing devices, leaving consumers stuck with the product they bought originally or else having to add yet more apps to their phones. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Security_concerns">Security concerns</span></h2> <p>Security for smart home products has been uneven and sometimes seriously inadequate. Smart thermostats which can monitor whether a home's occupants are present or not, entry-way locks, robotic vacuums that work with a map of the house, and other smart home devices can present very real dangers if hackers can access their data. </p> <h2><span id="Matter.2C_an_emerging_standard"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Matter,_an_emerging_standard"><i>Matter</i>, an emerging standard</span></h2> <p><a href="/wiki/Matter_(standard)" title="Matter (standard)">Matter</a> is emerging standard in 2023 intended to increase security, reliability and inter-operability of smart-home devices. About ten years ago, industry consortiums formed to work on standards for smart home device communications, and their underlying wireless communications, which would make it possible for products from all vendors to work together seamlessly and provide fast performance, privacy, and security and would work even if there is not connection to the outside internet (i.e., no connection to "the cloud" or to servers). <small> </small></p><small> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Footnotes">Footnotes</span></h2> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><div class="references" style="-moz-column-count:2; column-count:2;"></div></span> </small><p><small></small> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="text-align: right;"><small><i><a href="/wiki/Smart_home" title="Smart home">Continued</a>...</i></small></div> </td> </tr> </tbody></table>  </div> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Welcome_to_Citizendium&oldid=995494">https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Welcome_to_Citizendium&oldid=995494</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks catlinks-allhidden" data-mw="interface"></div> </div> </div> <div id="mw-navigation"> <h2>Navigation menu</h2> <div id="mw-head"> <nav id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal vector-user-menu-legacy" aria-labelledby="p-personal-label" role="navigation" > <h3 id="p-personal-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Personal tools</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="pt-login" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Welcome+to+Citizendium" title="To edit pages, [[Special:RequestAccount|get a contributor account]]. 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