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</ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colonel_of_the_Regiment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colonel_of_the_Regiment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Colonel of the Regiment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colonel_of_the_Regiment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honorary_colonel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honorary_colonel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Honorary colonel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honorary_colonel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colonel_of_Marines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colonel_of_Marines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Colonel of Marines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colonel_of_Marines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Royal_Air_Force" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Royal_Air_Force"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Royal Air Force</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Royal_Air_Force-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_insignia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_insignia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Historical insignia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_insignia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_insignia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_insignia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Current insignia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_insignia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul 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(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Colonel<br /></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Army_(1920-1953)_OF-5.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF-5.svg/80px-British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF-5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF-5.svg/120px-British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF-5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF-5.svg/160px-British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF-5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="80" data-file-height="204" /></a></span> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Royal_Marines_OF-5.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/British_Royal_Marines_OF-5.svg/75px-British_Royal_Marines_OF-5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/British_Royal_Marines_OF-5.svg/113px-British_Royal_Marines_OF-5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/British_Royal_Marines_OF-5.svg/150px-British_Royal_Marines_OF-5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a></span></span><div class="infobox-caption">Colonel Insignia</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Service branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="710" data-file-height="406" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_the_Royal_Marines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Royal_Marines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_the_Royal_Marines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Royal_Marines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_the_Royal_Marines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Royal_Marines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Royal_Marines" title="Royal Marines">Royal Marines</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data">Col</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> <a href="/wiki/Ranks_and_insignia_of_NATO" title="Ranks and insignia of NATO">rank code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ranks_and_insignia_of_NATO_armies_officers#Officers_(OF_1–10)" title="Ranks and insignia of NATO armies officers">OF-5</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data">Mid-16th century</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Next higher rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Brigadier_(United_Kingdom)" title="Brigadier (United Kingdom)">Brigadier</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Next lower rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel_(United_Kingdom)" title="Lieutenant colonel (United Kingdom)">Lieutenant colonel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Equivalent ranks</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Captain_(Royal_Navy)" title="Captain (Royal Navy)">Captain</a> (<a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">RN</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Group_captain" title="Group captain">Group captain</a> (<a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">RAF</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Colonel</b> (<b>Col</b>) is a rank of the <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a> and <a href="/wiki/Royal_Marines" title="Royal Marines">Royal Marines</a>, ranking below <a href="/wiki/Brigadier_(United_Kingdom)" title="Brigadier (United Kingdom)">brigadier</a>, and above <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel_(United_Kingdom)" title="Lieutenant colonel (United Kingdom)">lieutenant colonel</a>. British colonels are not usually field commanders; typically they serve as <a href="/wiki/Staff_(military)" title="Staff (military)">staff officers</a> between field commands at battalion and brigade level. The insignia is two diamond-shaped <a href="/wiki/British_Army_officer_rank_insignia" title="British Army officer rank insignia">pips</a> (properly called <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Bath" title="Order of the Bath">"Bath Stars"</a>) below a crown. The crown has varied in the past with different monarchs; <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom">Elizabeth II's</a> reign used <a href="/wiki/St_Edward%27s_Crown" title="St Edward's Crown">St Edward's Crown</a>. The rank is equivalent to <a href="/wiki/Captain_(Royal_Navy)" title="Captain (Royal Navy)">captain</a> in the Royal Navy and <a href="/wiki/Group_captain" title="Group captain">group captain</a> in the Royal Air Force. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colonel_(United_Kingdom)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The rank of colonel was popularised by the <a href="/wiki/Tercios" class="mw-redirect" title="Tercios">tercios</a> that were employed in the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Army" title="Spanish Army">Spanish Army</a> during the 16th and 17th centuries. General <a href="/wiki/Gonzalo_Fern%C3%A1ndez_de_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba">Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba</a> divided his troops into <i>coronelías</i> (meaning "column of soldiers" from the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>, <i>columnella</i> or "small column"<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). These units were led by a <i>coronel</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This command structure and its titles were soon adopted as <i>colonello</i> in <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Lingua_Franca" title="Mediterranean Lingua Franca">early modern Italian</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Middle_French" title="Middle French">Middle French</a> as <i>coronel</i>. </p><p>The rank title entered the English language from French in the mid-16th century and so the modern English pronunciation of the word is derived from the French variant.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colonel_(United_Kingdom)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The use of the rank of colonel pre-dates the establishment of the United Kingdom. In the mid-17th century, the regiments of the <a href="/wiki/New_Model_Army" title="New Model Army">New Model Army</a> were commanded by colonels. </p><p>The British Army has historically been organized around the regiment, with each regiment being raised, uniformed, and equipped either directly by the crown or by a nobleman. The colonels nominally commanding these regiments (usually the noblemen who raised them) often had little to do with the regiment's actual activities, either because they contemporaneously served as <a href="/wiki/General_officers" class="mw-redirect" title="General officers">general officers</a> or because they were essentially mere financiers. The day to day command of the regiment was left to a lieutenant colonel or major. </p><p>By the end of the 17th century in Great Britain, the "colonel of a regiment" was often a <a href="/wiki/British_peerage" class="mw-redirect" title="British peerage">titled person</a> who had been given royal permission to raise it for service and command it in battle. As such, he was required to cover all costs of the regiment's equipment, uniforms and wages as well as select its officers.<sup id="cite_ref-GU_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GU-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Until the late 18th century most British regiments were commonly known by the name of the colonelcy, for example <a href="/wiki/John_Churchill,_1st_Duke_of_Marlborough" title="John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough">Lord Churchill's</a> <a href="/wiki/1st_The_Royal_Dragoons" title="1st The Royal Dragoons">Dragoons</a> (1683–1685) or <a href="/wiki/George_Augustus_Eliott,_1st_Baron_Heathfield" title="George Augustus Eliott, 1st Baron Heathfield">Elliot's</a> <a href="/wiki/15th_The_King%27s_Hussars" title="15th The King's Hussars">Light Horse</a> (1759–66). </p><p>By the start of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_units_in_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="List of British units in the American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a> most English and Welsh regiments in the <a href="/wiki/Standing_army" title="Standing army">standing army</a> of Great Britain were named numerically, although some independent <a href="/wiki/Highland_regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Highland regiment">Highland regiments</a>—such as <a href="/wiki/John_Mackenzie,_Lord_MacLeod" title="John Mackenzie, Lord MacLeod">MacLeod's</a> <a href="/wiki/71st_(Highland)_Regiment_of_Foot" title="71st (Highland) Regiment of Foot">Highlanders</a>—were raised in the name of their colonel for service in <a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West Africa</a> and <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. The change from a colonelcy based on patronage was because the British Army's administration had been reformed into three administrative bodies: </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/War_Office" title="War Office">War Office</a> was that responsible for day-to-day administration of the army, and for the cavalry and infantry;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMallinson200940_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMallinson200940-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Board_of_Ordnance" title="Board of Ordnance">Board of Ordnance</a> was responsible for the supply of weapons and ammunition, and administered the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Artillery" title="Royal Artillery">Royal Artillery</a> and <a href="/wiki/Royal_Engineers" title="Royal Engineers">Royal Engineers</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMallinson200943_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMallinson200943-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Commissariat" title="Commissariat">Commissariat</a> was responsible for the supply of rations and transport. It occasionally raised its own fighting units, such as "battoemen" (armed watermen and pioneers in North America).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The reforms meant that the British government was now financially responsible for the pay, clothing and equipment of the troops in the service of the <a href="/wiki/British_Crown" class="mw-redirect" title="British Crown">British Crown</a>. Colonels were also no longer permitted to profit directly from the <a href="/wiki/Purchase_of_commissions_in_the_British_army" class="mw-redirect" title="Purchase of commissions in the British army">sale of officer commissions</a> in their regiments.<sup id="cite_ref-GU_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GU-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel_(United_Kingdom)" title="Lieutenant colonel (United Kingdom)">lieutenant-colonel</a> commanded the regiment in battle.<sup id="cite_ref-GU_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GU-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>, the title "colonel of the regiment" had become a <a href="/wiki/Sinecure" title="Sinecure">sinecure</a> appointment for distinguished generals and members of the royal family or <a href="/wiki/British_nobility" title="British nobility">British nobility</a>. Despite an individual only being permitted to hold one colonelcy, it was a profitable position as they were in financial charge of their regiment's allowance from the government. This meant they could hope to make a profit on the funds allocated for equipment, supplies and uniforms. As generals were mostly on half-pay, a colonelcy was a method of providing them with extra income. Many colonels spent large sums of their own money on their regiments. </p><p>By the end of the 19th century, the reorganisation of the British Army through the <a href="/wiki/Cardwell_Reforms" title="Cardwell Reforms">Cardwell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Childers_Reforms" title="Childers Reforms">Childers Reforms</a> had established a colonel as a professional rank with senior administrative responsibilities in regiment or brigade. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ceremonial_usage">Ceremonial usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colonel_(United_Kingdom)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ceremonial usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colonel-in-chief">Colonel-in-chief</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colonel_(United_Kingdom)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Colonel-in-chief"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Another title employed by the British Army is "<a href="/wiki/Colonel-in-chief" title="Colonel-in-chief">colonel-in-chief</a>" which is distinct from the ceremonial title "Colonel of the Regiment". </p><p>The position is usually held by a member of the <a href="/wiki/British_Royal_Family" class="mw-redirect" title="British Royal Family">Royal Family</a> who acts as a <a href="/wiki/Patron" class="mw-redirect" title="Patron">patron</a> to the unit, as <a href="/wiki/Princess_Margaret,_Countess_of_Snowdon" title="Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon">Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon</a>, did for the <a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Bermuda Regiment">Bermuda Regiment</a>. Although they do not have an operational role, they are kept informed of all important activities undertaken by the regiment and pay occasional visits to its operational units. </p><p>The chief purpose of a colonel-in-chief is to maintain a direct link between a given regiment and the <a href="/wiki/British_Royal_Family" class="mw-redirect" title="British Royal Family">British Royal Family</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colonel_of_the_Regiment">Colonel of the Regiment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colonel_(United_Kingdom)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Colonel of the Regiment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Major-General_Sir_Evelyn_John_Webb-Carter_KCVO_OBE(RLH).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Major-General_Sir_Evelyn_John_Webb-Carter_KCVO_OBE%28RLH%29.JPG/180px-Major-General_Sir_Evelyn_John_Webb-Carter_KCVO_OBE%28RLH%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Major-General_Sir_Evelyn_John_Webb-Carter_KCVO_OBE%28RLH%29.JPG/270px-Major-General_Sir_Evelyn_John_Webb-Carter_KCVO_OBE%28RLH%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Major-General_Sir_Evelyn_John_Webb-Carter_KCVO_OBE%28RLH%29.JPG/360px-Major-General_Sir_Evelyn_John_Webb-Carter_KCVO_OBE%28RLH%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="619" data-file-height="864" /></a><figcaption>Major General <a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Webb-Carter" title="Evelyn Webb-Carter">Sir Evelyn Webb-Carter</a> as the last Colonel of the Regiment of the <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Wellington%27s_Regiment" title="Duke of Wellington's Regiment">Duke of Wellington's Regiment</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Some of the historic duties associated with the title <b>colonel of the regiment</b> (to distinguish it from the military rank of colonel) continue to be used in the modern British Army. The ceremonial position is often conferred on retired <a href="/wiki/General_officer" title="General officer">general officers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brigadier" title="Brigadier">brigadiers</a> or <a href="/wiki/Colonel" title="Colonel">colonels</a> who have a close link to a particular regiment. Non-military personnel, usually for positions within the <a href="/wiki/Army_Reserve_(United_Kingdom)" title="Army Reserve (United Kingdom)">Army Reserve</a>, may also be appointed to the ceremonial position. When attending functions as "colonel of the regiment", the titleholder wears the regimental uniform with rank insignia of (full) colonel, regardless of their official rank. A member of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Family" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Family">Royal Family</a> is known as a <a href="/wiki/Royal_colonel" title="Royal colonel">royal colonel</a>. A colonel of the regiment is expected to work closely with a regiment and its <a href="/w/index.php?title=Regimental_association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Regimental association (page does not exist)">regimental association</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Honorary_colonel">Honorary colonel<span class="anchor" id="Honorary_Colonel"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colonel_(United_Kingdom)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Honorary colonel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Regiments or units may have an <b>honorary colonel</b>, which is solely a ceremonial rank, that can also be held by a civilian, with no military service. If the appointment is held by a member of the Royal Family it is known as <b>royal honorary colonel</b>. Certain units may have one or more <b>deputy colonels</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colonel_of_Marines">Colonel of Marines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colonel_(United_Kingdom)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Colonel of Marines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> once conveyed the honorific title "Colonel of Marines" to <a href="/wiki/Post-captain" title="Post-captain">post-captains</a> as a reward for highly distinguished service. It was a salaried <a href="/wiki/Sinecure" title="Sinecure">sinecure</a> position with no additional obligations outside a captain's normal naval duties. He would lose this title and its additional pay upon reaching <a href="/wiki/Flag_rank" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag rank">flag rank</a>. <a href="/wiki/Horatio_Nelson" class="mw-redirect" title="Horatio Nelson">Horatio Nelson</a> was given such a colonelcy in 1795, two years before he reached flag rank.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Royal_Air_Force">Royal Air Force</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colonel_(United_Kingdom)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Royal Air Force"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From 1 April 1918 to 31 July 1919, the Royal Air Force maintained the rank of colonel. During this period, <a href="/wiki/Group_(military_aviation_unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Group (military aviation unit)">groups</a> were often commanded by RAF colonels. The rank of colonel was superseded by that of <a href="/wiki/Group_captain" title="Group captain">group captain</a> on 1 August 1919. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_insignia">Historical insignia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colonel_(United_Kingdom)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Historical insignia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When badges of rank were introduced for <a href="/wiki/Field_officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Field officer">field officers</a> in 1810, full colonels were designated with a crown and star worn on shoulder <a href="/wiki/Epaulettes" class="mw-redirect" title="Epaulettes">epaulettes</a>. In 1855, after the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a>, new dress regulations were published which specified changes where rank would be worn. Thereafter full colonels wore half-inch regimental pattern laces on upper and lower collar, with one crown and one star. In 1880 the insignia was moved to the shoulder boards when in <a href="/wiki/Full_dress" class="mw-redirect" title="Full dress">full dress</a>, and full colonels were given an extra star. The pattern of a crown above two stars has remained the identifying insignia from 1880 to the present day although it has variously been worn on the shoulder, cuff and chest. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:British-Army-Col(1810-1855).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="1810 to 1855 colonel's shoulder rank insignia"><img alt="1810 to 1855 colonel's shoulder rank insignia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/British-Army-Col%281810-1855%29.svg/120px-British-Army-Col%281810-1855%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/British-Army-Col%281810-1855%29.svg/180px-British-Army-Col%281810-1855%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/British-Army-Col%281810-1855%29.svg/240px-British-Army-Col%281810-1855%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="692" data-file-height="514" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1810 to 1855 colonel's shoulder rank insignia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:British-Army-Col(1856-1867)-Collar_Insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="1856 to 1867 colonel's collar rank insignia"><img alt="1856 to 1867 colonel's collar rank insignia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/British-Army-Col%281856-1867%29-Collar_Insignia.svg/120px-British-Army-Col%281856-1867%29-Collar_Insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/British-Army-Col%281856-1867%29-Collar_Insignia.svg/180px-British-Army-Col%281856-1867%29-Collar_Insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/British-Army-Col%281856-1867%29-Collar_Insignia.svg/240px-British-Army-Col%281856-1867%29-Collar_Insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="141" data-file-height="51" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1856 to 1867 colonel's collar rank insignia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:British-Army-Col(1867-1880)-Collar_Insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="1867 to 1880 colonel's collar rank insignia"><img alt="1867 to 1880 colonel's collar rank insignia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/British-Army-Col%281867-1880%29-Collar_Insignia.svg/120px-British-Army-Col%281867-1880%29-Collar_Insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/British-Army-Col%281867-1880%29-Collar_Insignia.svg/180px-British-Army-Col%281867-1880%29-Collar_Insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/British-Army-Col%281867-1880%29-Collar_Insignia.svg/240px-British-Army-Col%281867-1880%29-Collar_Insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="141" data-file-height="51" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1867 to 1880 colonel's collar rank insignia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:British%26Empire-Army-Col(1881-1902).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="1881 to 1902 colonel's shoulder rank insignia"><img alt="1881 to 1902 colonel's shoulder rank insignia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/British%26Empire-Army-Col%281881-1902%29.svg/32px-British%26Empire-Army-Col%281881-1902%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/British%26Empire-Army-Col%281881-1902%29.svg/48px-British%26Empire-Army-Col%281881-1902%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/British%26Empire-Army-Col%281881-1902%29.svg/64px-British%26Empire-Army-Col%281881-1902%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="121" data-file-height="454" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1881 to 1902 colonel's shoulder rank insignia</div> </li> </ul> <p>During World War I, colonels wore the following cuff badges: </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:World_War_I_British_Army_colonel%27s_rank_insignia_(sleeve,_general_pattern).png" class="mw-file-description" title="World War I colonel's rank insignia (general pattern)"><img alt="World War I colonel's rank insignia (general pattern)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/World_War_I_British_Army_colonel%27s_rank_insignia_%28sleeve%2C_general_pattern%29.png/78px-World_War_I_British_Army_colonel%27s_rank_insignia_%28sleeve%2C_general_pattern%29.png" decoding="async" width="78" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/World_War_I_British_Army_colonel%27s_rank_insignia_%28sleeve%2C_general_pattern%29.png 1.5x" data-file-width="118" data-file-height="180" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">World War I colonel's rank insignia (general pattern)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:World_War_I_British_Army_colonel%27s_rank_insignia_(sleeve,_Scottish_pattern).png" class="mw-file-description" title="World War I colonel's rank insignia (Scottish pattern)"><img alt="World War I colonel's rank insignia (Scottish pattern)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/World_War_I_British_Army_colonel%27s_rank_insignia_%28sleeve%2C_Scottish_pattern%29.png/81px-World_War_I_British_Army_colonel%27s_rank_insignia_%28sleeve%2C_Scottish_pattern%29.png" decoding="async" width="81" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/World_War_I_British_Army_colonel%27s_rank_insignia_%28sleeve%2C_Scottish_pattern%29.png 1.5x" data-file-width="121" data-file-height="180" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">World War I colonel's rank insignia (Scottish pattern)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_insignia">Current insignia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colonel_(United_Kingdom)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Current insignia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gorget_Col_Brig_British_Service_Dress.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Gorget_Col_Brig_British_Service_Dress.jpg/220px-Gorget_Col_Brig_British_Service_Dress.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Gorget_Col_Brig_British_Service_Dress.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="240" /></a><figcaption>A colonel's gorget patches</figcaption></figure> <p>The insignia is two diamond-shaped pips (properly called "Bath Stars") below a crown. <a href="/wiki/Gorget_patches" title="Gorget patches">Gorget patches</a>, colloquially known as red tabs, with crimson lace and a brass button are also worn by officers of the substantive rank of colonel as part of their <a href="/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_British_Army#Numbered_orders_of_dress" title="Uniforms of the British Army">general staff uniform</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gorget patches are not worn by regimental colonel, who wear the <a href="/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_British_Army#Numbered_orders_of_dress" title="Uniforms of the British Army">regimental uniform</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colonel_(United_Kingdom)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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insignia">British Army officer rank insignia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonel_(title)" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonel (title)">Colonel (title)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonel-in-chief" title="Colonel-in-chief">Colonel-in-chief</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colonel_(United_Kingdom)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>O.E.D.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.militar.org.ua/militar/hm/historia-militar-espana-tercios-espanoles-batalla-de-pavia.html#coronelia">Los tercios españoles. La batalla de Pavía</a> at militar.org.ua (in Spanish, unspecified authorship)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://teachinghistory.org/history-content/ask-a-historian/22270">"How Did "Colonel" Become "Ker-nul"? – Teachinghistory.org"</a>. <i>teachinghistory.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=teachinghistory.org&rft.atitle=How+Did+%22Colonel%22+Become+%22Ker-nul%22%3F+%E2%80%93+Teachinghistory.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fteachinghistory.org%2Fhistory-content%2Fask-a-historian%2F22270&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColonel+%28United+Kingdom%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GU-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GU_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GU_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GU_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">George Usher, <i>Dictionary of British Military History</i>, A & C Black, London 2006 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978%2B0%2B7136%2B7507%2B8" title="Special:BookSources/978+0+7136+7507+8">978 0 7136 7507 8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMallinson200940-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMallinson200940_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMallinson2009">Mallinson 2009</a>, p. 40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMallinson200943-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMallinson200943_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMallinson2009">Mallinson 2009</a>, p. 43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLe_Mesurier1801" class="citation book cs1">Le Mesurier, Havilland (1801). <i>The British Commissary: in two parts. A system for the British Commissariat on Foreign Service</i>. C Roworth. p. 50.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+British+Commissary%3A+in+two+parts.+A+system+for+the+British+Commissariat+on+Foreign+Service&rft.pages=50&rft.pub=C+Roworth&rft.date=1801&rft.aulast=Le+Mesurier&rft.aufirst=Havilland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColonel+%28United+Kingdom%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/637160/2017-06098.pdf">"List of Honorary Colonels in the British Army"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=List+of+Honorary+Colonels+in+the+British+Army&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.publishing.service.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fuploads%2Fsystem%2Fuploads%2Fattachment_data%2Ffile%2F637160%2F2017-06098.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColonel+%28United+Kingdom%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lifenelsonembod12mahagoog/page/n236">The life of Nelson: the embodiment of the sea power of Great Britain, Volume 1</a> - Alfred Thayer Mahan, 1897</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmithSmith1977" class="citation book cs1">Smith, D. G.; Smith, Digby George (15 June 1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=A1f_NeIx0coC&q=army+colonel+Gorget&pg=PA5"><i>The British Army 1965-80</i></a>. Bloomsbury USA. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780850452730" title="Special:BookSources/9780850452730"><bdi>9780850452730</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2018</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+British+Army+1965-80&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+USA&rft.date=1977-06-15&rft.isbn=9780850452730&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=D.+G.&rft.au=Smith%2C+Digby+George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DA1f_NeIx0coC%26q%3Darmy%2Bcolonel%2BGorget%26pg%3DPA5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColonel+%28United+Kingdom%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colonel_(United_Kingdom)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMallinson2009" class="citation book cs1">Mallinson, Allan (2009). <i>The Making of the British Army</i>. Bantam Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-593-05108-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-593-05108-5"><bdi>978-0-593-05108-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Making+of+the+British+Army&rft.pub=Bantam+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-593-05108-5&rft.aulast=Mallinson&rft.aufirst=Allan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColonel+%28United+Kingdom%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:UK_officer_ranks" title="Template:UK officer ranks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:UK_officer_ranks" title="Template talk:UK officer ranks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:UK_officer_ranks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:UK officer ranks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="_Commissioned_officer_ranks_of_the_British_Armed_Forces" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">  <a href="/wiki/Letters_patent" title="Letters patent">Commissioned</a> <a href="/wiki/Officer_(armed_forces)" title="Officer (armed forces)">officer</a> <a href="/wiki/Military_rank" title="Military rank">ranks</a> of the <a href="/wiki/British_Armed_Forces" title="British Armed Forces">British Armed Forces</a>  </div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table style="width:100%" class="wraplinks"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align:right; background-color:#DCDCDC; width:10%"><a href="/wiki/Ranks_and_insignia_of_NATO" title="Ranks and insignia of NATO">NATO rank code</a> /<br /><a href="/wiki/Military_branch" title="Military branch">Service branch</a> </th> <th style="text-align:center; background-color:#DCDCDC; width:7%"><a href="/wiki/Officer_cadet#United_Kingdom" title="Officer cadet">OF(D)</a> </th> <th style="text-align:center; background-color:#DCDCDC; width:11%" colspan="2">OF-1 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background-color:#DCDCDC; width:4%">OF-2 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background-color:#DCDCDC; width:6%">OF-3 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background-color:#DCDCDC; width:6%">OF-4 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background-color:#DCDCDC; width:6%">OF-5 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background-color:#DCDCDC; width:7%"><a href="/wiki/Military_star_ranking#One-star" title="Military star ranking">OF-6<br />★</a> </th> <th style="text-align:center; background-color:#DCDCDC; width:7%"><a href="/wiki/Military_star_ranking#Two-star" title="Military star ranking">OF-7<br />★★</a> </th> <th style="text-align:center; background-color:#DCDCDC; width:7%"><a href="/wiki/Military_star_ranking#Three-star" title="Military star ranking">OF-8<br />★★★</a> </th> <th style="text-align:center; background-color:#DCDCDC; width:9%"><a href="/wiki/Military_star_ranking#Four-star" title="Military star ranking">OF-9<br />★★★★</a> </th> <th style="text-align:center; background-color:#DCDCDC; width:11%"><a href="/wiki/Five-star_rank" title="Five-star rank">OF-10<br />★★★★★</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right; background-color:#DCDCDC"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy_officer_rank_insignia" title="Royal Navy officer rank insignia">Royal Navy</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Officer_cadet" title="Officer cadet">OC</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Midshipman" title="Midshipman">Midshipman</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sub-lieutenant" title="Sub-lieutenant">Sub Lt</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_(navy)" title="Lieutenant (navy)">Lt</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_commander_(Royal_Navy)" title="Lieutenant commander (Royal Navy)">Lt Cdr</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Commander_(Royal_Navy)" title="Commander (Royal Navy)">Cdr</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Captain_(Royal_Navy)" title="Captain (Royal Navy)">Captain</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Commodore_(Royal_Navy)" title="Commodore (Royal Navy)">Cdre</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rear_admiral_(Royal_Navy)" title="Rear admiral (Royal Navy)">RAdm</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vice-admiral_(Royal_Navy)" title="Vice-admiral (Royal Navy)">VAdm</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Admiral_(Royal_Navy)" title="Admiral (Royal Navy)">Admiral</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Admiral_of_the_Fleet_(Royal_Navy)" title="Admiral of the Fleet (Royal Navy)">Adm of the Fleet</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right; background-color:#DCDCDC"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Marines" title="Royal Marines">Royal Marines</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Officer_cadet" title="Officer cadet">OCdt</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Second_lieutenant" title="Second lieutenant">2Lt</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_(British_Army_and_Royal_Marines)" title="Lieutenant (British Army and Royal Marines)">Lt</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Captain_(British_Army_and_Royal_Marines)" title="Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)">Capt</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Major_(United_Kingdom)" title="Major (United Kingdom)">Major</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel_(United_Kingdom)" title="Lieutenant colonel (United Kingdom)">Lt Col</a> </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Colonel</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brigadier_(United_Kingdom)" title="Brigadier (United Kingdom)">Brig</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Major-general_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Major-general (United Kingdom)">Maj Gen</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant-general_(United_Kingdom)" title="Lieutenant-general (United Kingdom)">Lt Gen</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/General_(United_Kingdom)" title="General (United Kingdom)">General</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Captain_General_Royal_Marines" title="Captain General Royal Marines">Capt Gen RM</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right; background-color:#DCDCDC"><a href="/wiki/British_Army_officer_rank_insignia" title="British Army officer rank insignia">British Army</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Officer_cadet" title="Officer cadet">OCdt</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Second_lieutenant" title="Second lieutenant">2Lt</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_(British_Army_and_Royal_Marines)" title="Lieutenant (British Army and Royal Marines)">Lt</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Captain_(British_Army_and_Royal_Marines)" title="Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)">Capt</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Major_(United_Kingdom)" title="Major (United Kingdom)">Major</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel_(United_Kingdom)" title="Lieutenant colonel (United Kingdom)">Lt Col</a> </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Colonel</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brigadier_(United_Kingdom)" title="Brigadier (United Kingdom)">Brig</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Major-general_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Major-general (United Kingdom)">Maj Gen</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant-general_(United_Kingdom)" title="Lieutenant-general (United Kingdom)">Lt Gen</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/General_(United_Kingdom)" title="General (United Kingdom)">General</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Field_marshal_(United_Kingdom)" title="Field marshal (United Kingdom)">Field marshal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right; background-color:#DCDCDC"><a href="/wiki/RAF_officer_ranks" title="RAF officer ranks">Royal Air Force</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Officer_cadet" title="Officer cadet">Off Cdt</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Acting_pilot_officer" title="Acting pilot officer">APO</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pilot_officer" title="Pilot officer">Plt Off</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flying_officer" title="Flying officer">Fg Off</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flight_lieutenant" title="Flight lieutenant">Flt Lt</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Squadron_leader" title="Squadron leader">Sqn Ldr</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wing_commander_(rank)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wing commander (rank)">Wg Cdr</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Group_captain" title="Group captain">Gp Capt</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Air_commodore" title="Air commodore">Air Cdre</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Air_vice-marshal" title="Air vice-marshal">AVM</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Air_marshal" title="Air marshal">Air Mshl</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Air_chief_marshal" title="Air chief marshal">Air Chf Mshl</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_the_Royal_Air_Force" title="Marshal of the Royal Air Force">Mshl of the RAF</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right; background-color:#DCDCDC">lists </th> <th colspan="12" style="background-color:#DCDCDC"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Royal_Navy_rear_admirals" title="List of Royal Navy rear admirals">rear admirals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Royal_Navy_vice_admirals" title="List of Royal Navy vice admirals">vice admirals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Royal_Navy_admirals_(1707%E2%80%93current)" title="List of Royal Navy admirals (1707–current)">admirals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Royal_Marines_full_generals" title="List of Royal Marines full generals">RM full generals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_Army_full_generals" title="List of British Army full generals">Army full generals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Royal_Air_Force_air_chief_marshals" title="List of Royal Air Force air chief marshals">air chief marshals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_senior_female_officers_of_the_British_Armed_Forces" title="List of senior female officers of the British Armed Forces">female senior officers </a></li></ul></div> </th></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Colonel_(United_Kingdom)&oldid=1229637728">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Colonel_(United_Kingdom)&oldid=1229637728</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Honorary_titles" title="Category:Honorary titles">Honorary titles</a></li><li><a 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