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href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E6%9C%9B%E8%BF%9C%E9%95%9C" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E6%9C%9B%E8%BF%9C%E9%95%9C" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-簡史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#簡史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>簡史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-簡史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-類型" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#類型"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>類型</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-類型-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关類型子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-類型-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-光學望遠鏡" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#光學望遠鏡"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>光學望遠鏡</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-光學望遠鏡-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-電波望遠鏡" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#電波望遠鏡"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>電波望遠鏡</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-電波望遠鏡-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-X射線望遠鏡" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#X射線望遠鏡"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>X射線望遠鏡</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-X射線望遠鏡-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-大氣層的電磁頻譜不透明度" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#大氣層的電磁頻譜不透明度"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>大氣層的電磁頻譜不透明度</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-大氣層的電磁頻譜不透明度-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-體系結構" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#體系結構"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>體系結構</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-體系結構-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-规格参数" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#规格参数"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>规格参数</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-规格参数-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-制作工艺" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#制作工艺"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>制作工艺</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-制作工艺-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关参考文献子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-引用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#引用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>引用</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-引用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-来源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#来源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>来源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-来源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參看" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參看"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>參看</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參看-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="目录" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">望远镜</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。133种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-133" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">133种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleskoop" title="Teleskoop – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Teleskoop" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleskop" title="Teleskop – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Teleskop" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%B4%E1%88%8C%E1%88%B5%E1%8A%AE%E1%8D%95" title="ቴሌስኮፕ – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቴሌስኮፕ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescopio" title="Telescopio – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Telescopio" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="مقراب – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مقراب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%88%D8%A8" title="تليسكوب – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تليسكوب" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescopiu" title="Telescopiu – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Telescopiu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleskop" title="Teleskop – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Teleskop" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Телескоп – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Телескоп" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuawaziaga_(Reflektor)" title="Zuawaziaga (Reflektor) – 巴伐利亞文" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Zuawaziaga (Reflektor)" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="巴伐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleskopyo" title="Teleskopyo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Teleskopyo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Тэлескоп – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Тэлескоп" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Тэлескоп – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Тэлескоп" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A8k%C3%A8r_bintang" title="Kèkèr bintang – 貝塔維文" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Kèkèr bintang" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="貝塔維文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Телескоп – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Телескоп" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="दूरबीन – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="दूरबीन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3_%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0" title="দূরবীক্ষণ যন্ত্র – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="দূরবীক্ষণ যন্ত্র" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleskop" title="Teleskop – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Teleskop" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescopi" title="Telescopi – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Telescopi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi%C4%95ng-l%C4%AB-gi%C3%A1ng" title="Chiĕng-lī-giáng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Chiĕng-lī-giáng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%AD%E1%8E%AA%E1%8E%AB%E1%8E%A6%E1%8F%A2" title="ᏭᎪᎫᎦᏢ – 切罗基语" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏭᎪᎫᎦᏢ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="切罗基语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%84%DB%95%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%BE" title="تەلەسکۆپ – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تەلەسکۆپ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescopiu" title="Telescopiu – 科西嘉语" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Telescopiu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="科西嘉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalekohled" title="Dalekohled – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dalekohled" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Телескоп – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Телескоп" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telesgop" title="Telesgop – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Telesgop" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kikkert" title="Kikkert – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kikkert" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleskop" title="Teleskop – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Teleskop" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleskop" title="Teleskop – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Teleskop" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B7%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%83%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Τηλεσκόπιο – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τηλεσκόπιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescope" title="Telescope – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Telescope" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleskopo" title="Teleskopo – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Teleskopo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescopio" title="Telescopio – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Telescopio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleskoop" title="Teleskoop – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Teleskoop" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleskopio" title="Teleskopio – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Teleskopio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%BE" title="تلسکوپ – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تلسکوپ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukoputki" title="Kaukoputki – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kaukoputki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A9lescope" title="Télescope – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Télescope" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleskoop" title="Teleskoop – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Teleskoop" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teileasc%C3%B3p" title="Teileascóp – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Teileascóp" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%9B%E9%81%A0%E9%8F%A1" title="望遠鏡 – 赣语" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="望遠鏡" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="赣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9sk%C3%B2p" title="Téléskòp – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Téléskòp" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescopio" title="Telescopio – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Telescopio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A3" title="दुर्बीण – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="दुर्बीण" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%96%E0%AA%97%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B3%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%AF_%E0%AA%A6%E0%AB%82%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%AC%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%A8" title="ખગોળીય દૂરબીન – 古吉拉特语" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ખગોળીય દૂરબીન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="古吉拉特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fodreayrtan" title="Fodreayrtan – 马恩语" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Fodreayrtan" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="马恩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A4" title="טלסקופ – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טלסקופ" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%80" title="दूरदर्शी – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="दूरदर्शी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleskop" title="Teleskop – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Teleskop" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telesk%C3%B2p" title="Teleskòp – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Teleskòp" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1vcs%C5%91" title="Távcső – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Távcső" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="Աստղադիտակ – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աստղադիտակ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescopio" title="Telescopio – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Telescopio" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleskop" title="Teleskop – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Teleskop" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Седкъатурмал – 印古什语" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Седкъатурмал" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="印古什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleskopo" title="Teleskopo – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Teleskopo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sj%C3%B3nauki" title="Sjónauki – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sjónauki" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescopio" title="Telescopio – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Telescopio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%9B%E9%81%A0%E9%8F%A1" title="望遠鏡 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="望遠鏡" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teliskuop" title="Teliskuop – 牙買加克里奧爾英文" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Teliskuop" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="牙買加克里奧爾英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleskop" title="Teleskop – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Teleskop" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98" title="ტელესკოპი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტელესკოპი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleskop" title="Teleskop – 卡拉卡尔帕克语" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Teleskop" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="卡拉卡尔帕克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Телескоп – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Телескоп" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%95" title="ದೂರದರ್ಶಕ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ದೂರದರ್ಶಕ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%9D%EC%9B%90%EA%B2%BD" title="망원경 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="망원경" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%8F%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%96%D9%86" title="دُربیٖن – 克什米尔语" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="دُربیٖن" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="克什米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Телескоп – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Телескоп" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescopium" title="Telescopium – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Telescopium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleskop" title="Teleskop – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Teleskop" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescoop" title="Telescoop – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Telescoop" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescopi" title="Telescopi – 伦巴第语" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Telescopi" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="伦巴第语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleskopas" title="Teleskopas – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Teleskopas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleskops" title="Teleskops – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Teleskops" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Телескоп – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Телескоп" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF" title="ദൂരദർശിനി – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ദൂരദർശിനി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A3" title="दुर्बीण – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="दुर्बीण" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleskop" title="Teleskop – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Teleskop" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telsc%C3%B3pio" title="Telscópio – 米兰德斯语" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Telscópio" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="米兰德斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9D%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BE%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="အဝေးကြည့်မှန်ပြောင်း – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အဝေးကြည့်မှန်ပြောင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ucchiarone" title="Ucchiarone – 那不勒斯语" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Ucchiarone" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="那不勒斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA" title="टेलिस्कोप – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="टेलिस्कोप" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%83" title="लुसाः – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="लुसाः" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescoop_(optica)" title="Telescoop (optica) – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Telescoop (optica)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleskop" title="Teleskop – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Teleskop" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleskop" title="Teleskop – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Teleskop" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thelesek%C3%B4po" title="Thelesekôpo – 北索托语" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Thelesekôpo" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="北索托语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telesc%C3%B2pi" title="Telescòpi – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Telescòpi" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaleessituu(Telescope)" title="Kaleessituu(Telescope) – 奥罗莫语" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Kaleessituu(Telescope)" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="奥罗莫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%AA" title="ਟੈਲੀਸਕੋਪ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਟੈਲੀਸਕੋਪ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleskop" title="Teleskop – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Teleskop" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telesc%C3%B2pi" title="Telescòpi – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Telescòpi" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%BE" title="ٹیلیسکوپ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ٹیلیسکوپ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telesc%C3%B3pio" title="Telescópio – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Telescópio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karuqhawana" title="Karuqhawana – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Karuqhawana" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescop" title="Telescop – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Telescop" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescopu" title="Telescopu – 阿罗马尼亚语" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Telescopu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="阿罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Телескоп – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Телескоп" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Телескоп – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Телескоп" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescopiu" title="Telescopiu – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Telescopiu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescope" title="Telescope – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Telescope" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleskop" title="Teleskop – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Teleskop" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B7%82%E0%B6%BA" title="දුරේක්‍ෂය – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="දුරේක්‍ෂය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescope" title="Telescope – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Telescope" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleskop_(optika)" title="Teleskop (optika) – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Teleskop (optika)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daljnogled" title="Daljnogled – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Daljnogled" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dongorahweva" title="Dongorahweva – 绍纳语" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Dongorahweva" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="绍纳语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleskopi" title="Teleskopi – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Teleskopi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Телескоп – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Телескоп" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleskop" title="Teleskop – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Teleskop" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darubini" title="Darubini – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Darubini" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF" title="தொலைநோக்கி – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தொலைநோக்கி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A6%E2%80%8B%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF" title="దూరదర్శిని – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="దూరదర్శిని" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Телескоп – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Телескоп" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C" title="กล้องโทรทรรศน์ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กล้องโทรทรรศน์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleskopyo" title="Teleskopyo – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Teleskopyo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleskop" title="Teleskop – 塔里什文" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Teleskop" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="塔里什文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleskop" title="Teleskop – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Teleskop" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Телескоп – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Телескоп" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Телескоп – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Телескоп" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86" title="دوربین – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="دوربین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleskop" title="Teleskop – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Teleskop" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Te%C5%82esc%C3%B2pio" title="Tełescòpio – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Tełescòpio" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%ADnh_vi%E1%BB%85n_v%E1%BB%8Dng" title="Kính viễn vọng – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kính viễn vọng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleskopy%C3%B3" title="Teleskopyó – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Teleskopyó" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%9B%E8%BF%9C%E9%95%9C" title="望远镜 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="望远镜" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98" title="ტელესკოპი – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ტელესკოპი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A4" title="טעלעסקאפ – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="טעלעסקאפ" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BA%B9%CC%81l%C3%ADsk%C3%B3p%C3%B9" title="Tẹ́lískópù – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Tẹ́lískópù" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AA%BA%E9%8F%A1" title="窺鏡 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="窺鏡" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%C3%A0u-ki%C3%A0%E2%81%BF" title="Tiàu-kiàⁿ – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tiàu-kiàⁿ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%9B%E9%81%A0%E9%8F%A1" title="望遠鏡 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="望遠鏡" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isihlongamkhathi" title="Isihlongamkhathi – 祖鲁语" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Isihlongamkhathi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="祖鲁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span class="noviewer hatnote-notice-img" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span>关于同名星座，請見「<b><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9B%E9%81%A0%E9%8F%A1%E5%BA%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="望遠鏡座">望遠鏡座</a></b>」。</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span class="noviewer hatnote-notice-img" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span>关于隨身攜帶雙筒的望遠鏡，請見「<b><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%99%E7%AD%92%E6%9C%9B%E9%81%A0%E9%8F%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="雙筒望遠鏡">雙筒望遠鏡</a></b>」。</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:100inchHooker.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/100inchHooker.jpg/175px-100inchHooker.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="286" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/100inchHooker.jpg/263px-100inchHooker.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/100inchHooker.jpg/350px-100inchHooker.jpg 2x" data-file-width="554" data-file-height="904" /></a><figcaption>靠近加州<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E6%9D%89%E7%A3%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="洛杉磯">洛杉磯</a>，位於<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%94%E9%80%8A%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%8F%B0" title="威尔逊山天文台">威爾遜山天文台</a>的100英吋（2.54 公尺）的虎克<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%B0%84%E6%9C%9B%E8%BF%9C%E9%95%9C" title="反射望远镜">反射望遠鏡</a>。</figcaption></figure> <p><b>望遠鏡</b>是一種可以透過透鏡或面鏡將電磁波（例如<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E8%A6%8B%E5%85%89" class="mw-redirect" title="可見光">可見光</a>）折射或反射以協助<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%80%E5%AF%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="觀察">觀察</a>遠方物體的工具。已知能實用的第一架望遠鏡是在<a href="/wiki/17%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" class="mw-redirect" title="17世紀">17世紀</a>初期在<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="荷蘭">荷蘭</a>使用玻璃<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%8F%E9%8F%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="透鏡">透鏡</a>發明的。這項發明現在被應用在陸地和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" title="天文學">天文學</a>。 </p><p>在第一架望遠鏡被製造出來幾十年內，用鏡子收集和聚焦光線的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%B0%84%E6%9C%9B%E8%BF%9C%E9%95%9C" title="反射望远镜">反射望遠鏡</a>就被製造出來。在<a href="/wiki/20%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" class="mw-redirect" title="20世紀">20世紀</a>，許多新型式的望遠鏡被發明，包括1930年代的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%B3%A2%E6%9C%9B%E9%81%A0%E9%8F%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="電波望遠鏡">電波望遠鏡</a>和1960年代的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A2%E5%A4%96%E7%BA%BF%E6%9C%9B%E8%BF%9C%E9%95%9C" title="红外线望远镜">紅外線望遠鏡</a>。「望遠鏡」這個名詞現在是泛指能夠偵測不同區域的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E7%A3%81%E9%A0%BB%E8%AD%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="電磁頻譜">電磁頻譜</a>的各種儀器，在某些情況下還包括其他類型的探測儀器。 </p><p>英文的「telescope」（來自<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="希臘語">希臘</a>的<a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%84%E1%BF%86%CE%BB%CE%B5" class="extiw" title="wikt:τῆλε">τῆλε</a>，<i>tele</i>意「遠」＂far＂和 <a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AD%CF%89" class="extiw" title="wikt:σκοπέω">σκοπεῖν</a>，<i>skopein</i>意「視」＂to look or see＂，合併為τηλεσκόπος音為＂teleskopos＂，意「遠視」＂far-seeing＂）。這個字是希臘數學家<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E7%B1%B3%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%B0%BC" title="乔瓦尼·德米西亚尼">乔瓦尼·德米西亚尼</a>在1611年於<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%BD%E5%88%A9%E7%95%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="伽利略">伽利略</a>出席的<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E7%8C%9E%E7%8C%81%E4%B9%8B%E7%9C%BC%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="意大利猞猁之眼国家科学院">意大利猞猁之眼国家科学院</a>的一場餐會中，推銷他的儀器時提出的<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在《<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E9%9A%9B%E4%BF%A1%E4%BD%BF" title="星際信使">星際信使</a>》這本書中，伽利略使用的字是"perspicillum"。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="簡史"><span id=".E7.B0.A1.E5.8F.B2"></span>簡史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9B%E8%BF%9C%E9%95%9C&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：簡史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9B%E9%81%A0%E9%8F%A1%E5%8F%B2" title="望遠鏡史">望遠鏡史</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:28-inch_telescope_and_40-foot_telescope,_Royal_Observatory,_Greenwich,_London,_UK,_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/28-inch_telescope_and_40-foot_telescope%2C_Royal_Observatory%2C_Greenwich%2C_London%2C_UK%2C_2015.jpg/220px-28-inch_telescope_and_40-foot_telescope%2C_Royal_Observatory%2C_Greenwich%2C_London%2C_UK%2C_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/28-inch_telescope_and_40-foot_telescope%2C_Royal_Observatory%2C_Greenwich%2C_London%2C_UK%2C_2015.jpg/330px-28-inch_telescope_and_40-foot_telescope%2C_Royal_Observatory%2C_Greenwich%2C_London%2C_UK%2C_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/28-inch_telescope_and_40-foot_telescope%2C_Royal_Observatory%2C_Greenwich%2C_London%2C_UK%2C_2015.jpg/440px-28-inch_telescope_and_40-foot_telescope%2C_Royal_Observatory%2C_Greenwich%2C_London%2C_UK%2C_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E6%9E%97%E5%A8%81%E6%B2%BB%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%B6%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%8F%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="格林威治皇家天文台">格林威治皇家天文台</a>"洋蔥"式的圓頂內安放的是28英吋的折射望遠鏡。在前景中的是口徑120公分（47英寸）的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E6%AD%87%E7%88%BE" title="威廉·赫歇爾">威廉·赫歇爾</a>反射望遠鏡（由於它的焦距長度，被稱為"40英尺望遠鏡"）剩餘部分。</figcaption></figure> <p>關於望遠鏡，現存的最早紀錄是<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="荷蘭">荷蘭</a>米德爾堡的眼鏡製造商<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%88%A9%E4%BC%AF%E5%B8%8C" title="汉斯·利伯希">漢斯·利伯希</a>在1608年向政府提交<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%88%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="專利">專利</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%98%E5%B0%84%E6%9C%9B%E8%BF%9C%E9%95%9C" title="折射望远镜">折射望遠鏡</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。實際的發明者是誰不能確定，它的發展要歸功於三個人：漢斯·利伯希、米德爾堡的眼鏡製造商<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="扎哈里亞斯·揚森" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Zacharias Janssen"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%8E%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9E%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%8F%9A%E6%A3%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="扎哈里亞斯·揚森（页面不存在）">扎哈里亞斯·揚森</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zacharias_Janssen" class="extiw" title="en:Zacharias Janssen"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Zacharias Janssen</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%85%8B%E9%A6%AC%E7%88%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="阿爾克馬爾">阿爾克馬爾</a>的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="雅各布·梅修斯" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Jacob Metius"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%85%E5%90%84%E5%B8%83%C2%B7%E6%A2%85%E4%BF%AE%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="雅各布·梅修斯（页面不存在）">雅各布·梅修斯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Metius" class="extiw" title="en:Jacob Metius"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Jacob Metius</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。望遠鏡被發明得消息很快就傳遍歐洲。<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%BD%E5%88%A9%E7%95%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="伽利略">伽利略</a>在1609年6月聽到了，就在一個月內做出自己的望遠鏡用來觀測天體<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>在折射望遠鏡發明之後不久，將<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E9%95%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="物镜">物鏡</a>，也就是收集光的元件，用面鏡來取代透鏡的想法，就開始被研究<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。使用<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%8B%E7%89%A9%E9%9D%A2%E5%8F%8D%E5%B0%84%E5%99%A8" title="拋物面反射器">拋物面鏡</a>的潛在優點－減少<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%83%E9%9D%A2%E5%83%8F%E5%B7%AE" title="球面像差">球面像差</a>和無<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E5%B7%AE" title="色差">色差</a>，導致許多種設計和製造<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%B0%84%E6%9C%9B%E8%BF%9C%E9%95%9C" title="反射望远镜">反射望遠鏡</a>的嘗試<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在1668年，<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E8%96%A9%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E7%89%9B%E9%A0%93" class="mw-redirect" title="艾薩克·牛頓">艾薩克·牛頓</a>製造了第一架實用的反射望遠鏡，現在就以他的名字稱這種望遠鏡為<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF%E6%9C%9B%E8%BF%9C%E9%95%9C" title="牛顿望远镜">牛頓反射鏡</a>。 </p><p>在1733年發明的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E8%89%B2%E5%B7%AE%E9%80%8F%E9%8F%A1" title="消色差透鏡">消色差透鏡</a>糾正了存在於單一透鏡的部分色差，並且使折射鏡的結構變得較短，但功能更為強大。儘管反射望遠鏡不存在折射望遠鏡的色差問題，但是<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC%E9%8F%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="金屬鏡（页面不存在）">金屬鏡</a>快速變得昏暗的鏽蝕問題，使得反射鏡的發展在18世紀和19世紀初期受到很大的限制－在1857年發展出在玻璃上鍍銀的技術，才解決了這個困境<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，進而在1932年發展出鍍鋁的技術<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。受限於材料，折射望遠鏡的極限大約是一公尺（40英吋），因此自20世紀以來的大型望遠鏡全部都是反射望遠鏡。目前，最大的反射望遠鏡已經超過10公尺（33英尺），正在建造和設計的有30-40公尺。 </p><p>20世紀也在更關廣的頻率，從<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%B3%A2%E6%9C%9B%E9%81%A0%E9%8F%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="電波望遠鏡">電波</a>到<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%BD%E7%8E%9B%E5%B0%84%E7%BA%BF%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="伽玛射线天文学">伽瑪射線</a>都在發展。在1937年建造了第一架電波望遠鏡，自此之後，已經開發出了各種巨大和複雜的天文儀器。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="類型"><span id=".E9.A1.9E.E5.9E.8B"></span>類型</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9B%E8%BF%9C%E9%95%9C&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：類型"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Refimprove plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/35px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/53px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/70px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此章節<b>需要提供<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">更多來源</a></b>，否則內容可能<b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AD%89" title="Wikipedia:可供查證">無法查證</a></b>。 <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2008年7月</span>)</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JWST_Full_Mirror.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/JWST_Full_Mirror.jpg/220px-JWST_Full_Mirror.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/JWST_Full_Mirror.jpg/330px-JWST_Full_Mirror.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/JWST_Full_Mirror.jpg/440px-JWST_Full_Mirror.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1041" data-file-height="1560" /></a><figcaption>在建造中的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%9F%8B%E4%BC%AF%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%9C%9B%E9%81%A0%E9%8F%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="詹姆斯·韋伯太空望遠鏡">詹姆斯·韋伯太空望遠鏡</a>主鏡。這是<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="組合鏡" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="segmented mirror"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B5%84%E5%90%88%E9%8F%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="組合鏡（页面不存在）">組合鏡</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/segmented_mirror" class="extiw" title="en:segmented mirror"><span lang="en" dir="auto">segmented mirror</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>，它塗上<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91" title="金">金</a>（橙紅色）以反射可見光、近紅外線以及中紅外線。</figcaption></figure> <p><b>望遠鏡</b>這個名詞涵蓋了各種各樣的儀器。大多數是用來檢測<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E7%A3%81%E8%BC%BB%E5%B0%84" title="電磁輻射">電磁輻射</a>，但對天文學家而言，主要的區別在收集的光（電磁輻射）波長不同。 </p><p>望遠鏡可以依照它們所收集的波長來分類： </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/X%E5%B0%84%E7%B7%9A%E6%9C%9B%E9%81%A0%E9%8F%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="X射線望遠鏡">X射線望遠鏡</a>：使用在波長比紫外線更短的電磁波。</li> <li>紫外線望遠鏡：使用於波長比可見光短的電磁波。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%B8%E6%9C%9B%E9%81%A0%E9%8F%A1" title="光學望遠鏡">光學望遠鏡</a>：使用在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E8%A6%8B%E5%85%89" class="mw-redirect" title="可見光">可見光</a>的波長。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A2%E5%A4%96%E7%BA%BF%E6%9C%9B%E8%BF%9C%E9%95%9C" title="红外线望远镜">紅外線望遠鏡</a>：使用在比可見光長的電磁波。</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AC%A1%E6%AF%AB%E7%B1%B3%E6%B3%A2%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="次毫米波天文學（页面不存在）">次毫米波望遠鏡</a>：使用在比紅外線更長的電磁波。</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="非涅耳成像儀" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Fresnel Imager"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%9E%E6%B6%85%E8%80%B3%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F%E5%84%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="非涅耳成像儀（页面不存在）">非涅耳成像儀</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel_Imager" class="extiw" title="en:Fresnel Imager"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Fresnel Imager</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>：一種光學透鏡技術。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/X%E5%B0%84%E7%BA%BF%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6" title="X射线光学">X射線光學</a>：某些X射線波長的光學。</li></ul> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:11px; float:right; margin:2px"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="style="font-size:"> <th colspan="8" align="center"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E7%A3%81%E9%A0%BB%E8%AD%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="電磁頻譜">比較的光</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>名稱</th> <th>波長</th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E8%8C%B2#SI_multiples" class="mw-redirect" title="赫茲">頻率 (Hz)</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E4%BC%8F%E7%89%B9#性質" title="電子伏特">光子能量 (eV)</a></th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%BD%E7%91%AA%E5%B0%84%E7%B7%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="伽瑪射線">伽瑪射線</a></td> <td>短於0.01 nm</td> <td>超過10 EHZ</td> <td>100 keV – 300+ GeV</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%BD%E7%8E%9B%E5%B0%84%E7%BA%BF%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="伽玛射线天文学">X</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/X%E5%B0%84%E7%B7%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="X射線">X射線</a></td> <td>0.01至10 nm</td> <td>30 PHz – 30 EHZ</td> <td>120 eV至120 keV</td> <td><a href="/wiki/X%E5%B0%84%E7%B7%9A%E6%9C%9B%E9%81%A0%E9%8F%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="X射線望遠鏡">X</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%AB%E5%A4%96%E7%B7%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="紫外線">紫外線</a></td> <td>10 nm – 400 nm</td> <td>30 EHZ – 790 THz</td> <td>3 eV至124 eV</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E8%A6%8B%E5%85%89" class="mw-redirect" title="可見光">可見光</a></td> <td>390 nm – 750 nm</td> <td>790 THz – 405 THz</td> <td>1.7 eV – 3.3 eV</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%B8%E6%9C%9B%E9%81%A0%E9%8F%A1" title="光學望遠鏡">X</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E5%A4%96%E7%B7%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="紅外線">紅外線</a></td> <td>750 nm – 1 mm</td> <td>405 THz – 300 GHz</td> <td>1.24 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Milli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Milli（页面不存在）">me</a>V – 1.7 eV</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A2%E5%A4%96%E7%BA%BF%E6%9C%9B%E8%BF%9C%E9%95%9C" title="红外线望远镜">X</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E6%B3%A2" title="微波">微波</a></td> <td>1 mm – 1 meter</td> <td>300 GHz – 300 MHz</td> <td>1.24 meV – 1.24 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%AE-&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="微-（页面不存在）">µe</a>V</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E7%B7%9A%E9%9B%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="無線電">電波</a></td> <td>1 mm – km</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%B5%E9%AB%98%E9%A0%BB" title="極高頻">300 GHz</a> – <a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%B5%E4%BD%8E%E9%A0%BB" title="極低頻">3 Hz</a></td> <td>1.24 meV – 12.4 <a href="/wiki/Femto-" class="mw-redirect" title="Femto-">fe</a>V</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%B3%A2%E6%9C%9B%E9%81%A0%E9%8F%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="電波望遠鏡">X</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>隨著波長的增加，可以更容易地使用天線技術進行電磁輻射的交互作用（雖然它可能需要製作很小的天線）。近紅外線可以像可見光一樣的處理，而在遠紅外線和次毫米波的範圍內，望遠鏡的運作就像是一架電波望遠鏡。例如，觀測波長從3微米（0.003mm）到2000微米（2毫米）的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="詹姆士克拉克麥克斯威爾望遠鏡" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="James Clerk Maxwell Telescope"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E5%A3%AB%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E9%BA%A5%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%A8%81%E7%88%BE%E6%9C%9B%E9%81%A0%E9%8F%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="詹姆士克拉克麥克斯威爾望遠鏡（页面不存在）">詹姆士克拉克麥克斯威爾望遠鏡</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwell_Telescope" class="extiw" title="en:James Clerk Maxwell Telescope"><span lang="en" dir="auto">James Clerk Maxwell Telescope</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>（JCMT），就使用鋁製的拋物面天線<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。另一方面，觀察從3μm（0.003毫米）到180微米（0.18 毫米）的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E7%9A%AE%E7%AD%96%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%9C%9B%E8%BF%9C%E9%95%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="斯皮策太空望远镜">斯皮策太空望遠鏡</a>就可以使用面鏡成像（反射光學）。同樣使用反射光學的，還有<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E4%BC%AF%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%9C%9B%E9%81%A0%E9%8F%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="哈伯太空望遠鏡">哈伯太空望遠鏡</a>可以觀測0.2μm（0.0002 毫米）到1.7微米（0.0017 毫米），從紅外線到紫外線的<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E4%BB%A3%E5%BB%A3%E5%9F%9F%E7%85%A7%E7%9B%B8%E6%A9%9F" title="第三代廣域照相機">第三代廣域照相機</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>在望遠鏡設計中的另一個門檻，隨著光子能量的增加（波長變短和頻率增加）是使用全反射光學，而不是粗略的入射光學。像是<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E8%BF%87%E6%B8%A1%E5%8C%BA%E4%B8%8E%E6%97%A5%E5%86%95%E6%8E%A2%E6%B5%8B%E5%99%A8" title="太阳过渡区与日冕探测器">TRACE</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E5%92%8C%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E9%A3%8E%E5%B1%82%E6%8E%A2%E6%B5%8B%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="太阳和太阳风层探测器">SOHO</a>望遠鏡使用特殊的面鏡反射<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%81%E7%B4%AB%E5%A4%96%E8%BE%90%E5%B0%84" title="极紫外辐射">極紫外線</a>，否則不可能產生高解析度和較亮的影像。大口徑並不意味著能收集更多的光，它收集的是高階繞射極限的光。 </p><p>望遠鏡也可以依據所在的位置來分類：地面望遠鏡、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%9C%9B%E9%81%A0%E9%8F%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="太空望遠鏡">太空望遠鏡</a>或<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="飛行望遠鏡" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Airborne observatory"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A3%9B%E8%A1%8C%E6%9C%9B%E9%81%A0%E9%8F%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="飛行望遠鏡（页面不存在）">飛行望遠鏡</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airborne_observatory" class="extiw" title="en:Airborne observatory"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Airborne observatory</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>。它們還能依據使用者是<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="天文學家">專業天文學家</a>，還是<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%AD%E9%A4%98%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" title="業餘天文學">業餘天文學家</a>來分類。擁有一架或多架望遠鏡與其它儀器的永久性房舍或載運工具，稱為天文台。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="光學望遠鏡"><span id=".E5.85.89.E5.AD.B8.E6.9C.9B.E9.81.A0.E9.8F.A1"></span>光學望遠鏡</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9B%E8%BF%9C%E9%95%9C&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：光學望遠鏡"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Telescope.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Telescope.jpg/160px-Telescope.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Telescope.jpg/240px-Telescope.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Telescope.jpg/320px-Telescope.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1108" data-file-height="1707" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%8F%B0" title="尼斯天文台">尼斯天文台</a>的50公分折射望遠鏡。</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%B8%E6%9C%9B%E9%81%A0%E9%8F%A1" title="光學望遠鏡">光學望遠鏡</a></div> <p>光學望遠鏡主要是收集並<a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A6%E9%BB%9E" title="焦點">聚焦</a>電磁頻譜中可見光部分的光線（雖然有些在<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E5%A4%96%E7%B7%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="紅外線">紅外線</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%AB%E5%A4%96%E7%B7%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="紫外線">紫外線</a>的波段工作）<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>光學望遠鏡明顯增加遠處物體的視<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%92%E7%9B%B4%E5%BE%91" title="角直徑">角大小</a>和視<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%AE%E5%BA%A6" title="亮度">亮度</a>。為了對影像觀察、拍照、研究、並發送至電腦，望遠鏡會採用一個或多個光學曲面的元件來工作。通常由<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%BB%E7%92%83" title="玻璃">玻璃</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%8F%E9%8F%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="透鏡">透鏡</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E9%8F%A1%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="鏡子">面鏡</a>收集線或其它電磁波的輻射，將這些光或輻射匯聚到焦點上。光學望遠鏡使用在許多天文和非天文的儀器，包括：<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E7%B7%AF%E5%84%80_(%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87)" class="mw-redirect" title="經緯儀 (天文)">經緯儀</a>（包括中星儀）、<a href="/wiki/%E9%91%91%E8%AD%98%E6%9C%9B%E9%81%A0%E9%8F%A1" title="鑑識望遠鏡">鑑識望遠鏡</a>、 <a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AE%E7%AD%92%E6%9C%9B%E9%81%A0%E9%8F%A1" title="單筒望遠鏡">單筒望遠鏡</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%99%E7%AD%92%E6%9C%9B%E9%81%A0%E9%8F%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="雙筒望遠鏡">雙筒望遠鏡</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%8F%A1%E9%A0%AD" title="鏡頭">相機鏡頭</a>、和間諜鏡。望遠鏡有三種主要的學類型： </p> <ul><li>使用透鏡成像的<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%98%E5%B0%84%E6%9C%9B%E8%BF%9C%E9%95%9C" title="折射望远镜">折射望遠鏡</a>。</li> <li>使用安排好的面鏡成像的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%B0%84%E6%9C%9B%E8%BF%9C%E9%95%9C" title="反射望远镜">反射望遠鏡</a>。</li> <li>使用面鏡和透鏡共同組合來成像的<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%98%E5%8F%8D%E5%B0%84%E6%9C%9B%E8%BF%9C%E9%95%9C" title="折反射望远镜">折反射望遠鏡</a>。</li></ul> <p>除了這些基本的光學類型之外，還有許多改變光學設計以適合它們執行任務的子類型，像是<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%84%E6%98%9F%E9%95%9C" title="摄星镜">攝星鏡</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8B%E5%BD%97%E9%8F%A1" title="尋彗鏡">尋彗鏡</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E6%9C%9B%E9%81%A0%E9%8F%A1" title="太陽望遠鏡">太陽望遠鏡</a>等等。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="電波望遠鏡"><span id=".E9.9B.BB.E6.B3.A2.E6.9C.9B.E9.81.A0.E9.8F.A1"></span>電波望遠鏡</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9B%E8%BF%9C%E9%95%9C&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：電波望遠鏡"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%B3%A2%E6%9C%9B%E9%81%A0%E9%8F%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="電波望遠鏡">電波望遠鏡</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USA.NM.VeryLargeArray.02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/USA.NM.VeryLargeArray.02.jpg/200px-USA.NM.VeryLargeArray.02.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/USA.NM.VeryLargeArray.02.jpg/300px-USA.NM.VeryLargeArray.02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/USA.NM.VeryLargeArray.02.jpg/400px-USA.NM.VeryLargeArray.02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>位於美國新墨西哥州的聖阿古斯丁平原上的<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9A%E5%A4%A7%E5%A4%A9%E7%BA%BF%E9%98%B5" title="甚大天线阵">甚大天線陣</a>。</figcaption></figure> <p>電波望遠鏡是<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%B3%A2%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="電波天文學">電波天文學</a>使用，有<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="指向天線" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Directional antenna"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8C%87%E5%90%91%E5%A4%A9%E7%B7%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="指向天線（页面不存在）">指向天線</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directional_antenna" class="extiw" title="en:Directional antenna"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Directional antenna</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%B7%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="天線">天線</a>的望遠鏡。這些盤面有時是用導電的金屬絲網建造，其口徑小於所觀測到的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E9%95%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="波長">波長</a>。多元素的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%B3%A2%E6%9C%9B%E9%81%A0%E9%8F%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="電波望遠鏡">電波望遠鏡</a>由成對或更多的小望遠鏡組成，以合成口徑相等於彼此間距離的虛擬望遠鏡，這個程序被稱為<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="孔徑合成" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Aperture synthesis"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%94%E5%BE%91%E5%90%88%E6%88%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="孔徑合成（页面不存在）">孔徑合成</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aperture_synthesis" class="extiw" title="en:Aperture synthesis"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Aperture synthesis</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>。在2005年，紀錄上的陣列大小是<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83" title="地球">地球</a>直徑的許多倍－利用位於太空的<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9A%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%BA%E7%BA%BF%E5%B9%B2%E6%B6%89%E6%B5%8B%E9%87%8F" title="甚长基线干涉测量">甚長基線干涉測量</a>望遠鏡，像是<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="HALCA" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="HALCA"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=HALCA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HALCA（页面不存在）">HALCA</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HALCA" class="extiw" title="en:HALCA"><span lang="en" dir="auto">HALCA</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>（高度先進通信和天文學實驗室<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vsop.isas.ac.jp/">VSOP (VLBI Space Observatory Program) satellite</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210321220443/http://www.vsop.isas.ac.jp/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>））孔徑合成現在也被應用在光學望遠鏡，使用在<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B2%E6%B6%89%E6%B8%AC%E9%87%8F%E8%A1%93#光学干涉测量" title="干涉測量術">光學干涉儀</a> (光學望遠鏡陣列)，和在單一望遠鏡上使用<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="口徑遮蔽干涉" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Aperture masking interferometry"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A3%E5%BE%91%E9%81%AE%E8%94%BD%E5%B9%B2%E6%B6%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="口徑遮蔽干涉（页面不存在）">口徑遮蔽干涉</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aperture_masking_interferometry" class="extiw" title="en:Aperture masking interferometry"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Aperture masking interferometry</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>。當可見光被阻擋或微弱時，電波望遠鏡也用來收集<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E6%B3%A2" title="微波">微波輻射</a>，例如<a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%9E%E6%98%9F%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="類星體">類星體</a>。有些電波望遠鏡被使用於專案，例如<a href="/wiki/%E6%90%9C%E5%AF%BB%E5%9C%B0%E5%A4%96%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92" title="搜寻地外文明计划">SETI</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%9B%B7%E8%A5%BF%E5%8D%9A%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%8F%B0" title="阿雷西博天文台">阿雷西博天文臺</a>尋找外星生命。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="X射線望遠鏡"><span id="X.E5.B0.84.E7.B7.9A.E6.9C.9B.E9.81.A0.E9.8F.A1"></span>X射線望遠鏡</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9B%E8%BF%9C%E9%95%9C&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：X射線望遠鏡"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/X%E5%B0%84%E7%B7%9A%E6%9C%9B%E9%81%A0%E9%8F%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="X射線望遠鏡">X射線望遠鏡</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="大氣層的電磁頻譜不透明度"><span id=".E5.A4.A7.E6.B0.A3.E5.B1.A4.E7.9A.84.E9.9B.BB.E7.A3.81.E9.A0.BB.E8.AD.9C.E4.B8.8D.E9.80.8F.E6.98.8E.E5.BA.A6"></span>大氣層的電磁頻譜不透明度</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9B%E8%BF%9C%E9%95%9C&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：大氣層的電磁頻譜不透明度"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F" class="mw-disambig" title="大气质量">大氣質量</a></div> <p>由於大氣層對大部分的電磁波譜是不透明的，所以只有少數波段可以從地面觀測得到。這些波段是可見光、近紅外線和一些無線電波部分的頻譜。由於這個原因，地面上沒有遠紅外線、或X射線的望遠鏡。因為這些波段必須從軌道上才能觀測。即使從地面上可以觀測的波段，因為<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%86%E5%AE%81%E5%BA%A6" title="视宁度">視像度</a>的緣故，在軌道上的衛星安置光學望遠鏡依然是有利的。 </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Atmospheric_electromagnetic_opacity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Atmospheric_electromagnetic_opacity.svg/700px-Atmospheric_electromagnetic_opacity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="700" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Atmospheric_electromagnetic_opacity.svg/1050px-Atmospheric_electromagnetic_opacity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Atmospheric_electromagnetic_opacity.svg/1400px-Atmospheric_electromagnetic_opacity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1650" data-file-height="780" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E7%A3%81%E6%B3%A2%E8%AD%9C" title="電磁波譜">電磁波譜</a>與地球大氣層的透射率（或不透明度），以及可用於成像波譜部分的望遠鏡類型。</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="體系結構"><span id=".E9.AB.94.E7.B3.BB.E7.B5.90.E6.A7.8B"></span>體系結構</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9B%E8%BF%9C%E9%95%9C&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：體系結構"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>光学系统 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%B1%E9%95%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="棱镜系统">棱镜系统</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E9%95%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="物镜">物镜</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A5%E7%9B%AE%E9%8F%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="接目鏡">目镜</a></li></ul></li> <li>機械系統 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9B%E8%BF%9C%E9%95%9C%E7%9A%84%E8%A3%85%E7%BD%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="望远镜的装置（页面不存在）">望远镜的装置</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E9%81%93%E4%BB%AA" title="赤道仪">赤道仪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E7%B7%AF%E5%84%80_(%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87)" class="mw-redirect" title="經緯儀 (天文)">經緯儀</a></li></ul></li> <li>附件 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BD%AC%E4%BB%AA%E9%90%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="转仪鐘（页面不存在）">转仪鐘</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="规格参数"><span id=".E8.A7.84.E6.A0.BC.E5.8F.82.E6.95.B0"></span>规格参数</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9B%E8%BF%9C%E9%95%9C&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：规格参数"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E9%95%9C%E5%8F%A3%E5%BE%84" title="物镜口径">物镜口径</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%A4%A7%E5%80%8D%E6%95%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="放大倍数">放大倍数</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BA%E7%9E%B3%E7%9B%B4%E5%BE%84" title="出瞳直径">出瞳直径</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BA%E7%9E%B3%E8%B7%9D%E7%A6%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="出瞳距离">出瞳距离</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%86%E5%9C%BA%E8%A7%92%E5%BA%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="视场角度（页面不存在）">视场角度</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%83%8F%E5%9C%BA%E8%A7%92%E5%BA%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="像场角度（页面不存在）">像场角度</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="制作工艺"><span id=".E5.88.B6.E4.BD.9C.E5.B7.A5.E8.89.BA"></span>制作工艺</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9B%E8%BF%9C%E9%95%9C&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：制作工艺"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%8D%8D%E8%86%9C" title="鍍膜">镀膜</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%90%83%E9%9D%A2%E5%8F%8D%E5%B0%84%E9%95%9C%E7%A3%A8%E5%88%B6%E5%B7%A5%E8%89%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="球面反射镜磨制工艺（页面不存在）">球面反射镜磨制工艺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%83%8F%E5%B7%AE" title="像差">像差</a>控制</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E5%B7%AE" title="色差">色差</a>控制</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9B%E8%BF%9C%E9%95%9C&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="引用"><span id=".E5.BC.95.E7.94.A8"></span>引用</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9B%E8%BF%9C%E9%95%9C&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：引用"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archive.org/stream/galileohislifean011377mbp/galileohislifean011377mbp_djvu.txt">archive.org "Galileo His Life And Work" BY James La Rosa "<i>Galileo usually called the telescope occhicde or cannocchiale ; and now he calls the microscope occhialino. The name telescope was first suggested by Demisiani in 1612</i>"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Reference-Sobel-2000">Sobel (2000, p.43)</a>, <a href="#Reference-Drake-1978">Drake (1978, p.196)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rosen, Edward, <i>The Naming of the Telescope</i> (1947)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://galileo.rice.edu/sci/instruments/telescope.html">galileo.rice.edu <i>The Galileo Project > Science > The Telescope</i> by Al Van Helden: The Hague discussed the patent applications first of Hans Lipperhey of Middelburg, and then of [[Jacob Metius]] of Alkmaar... another citizen of Middelburg, [[Zacharias Janssen]] is sometimes associated with the invention</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-12-26</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170803123745/http://galileo.rice.edu/sci/instruments/telescope.html">存档</a>于2017-08-03）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9B%E8%BF%9C%E9%95%9C&rft.btitle=galileo.rice.edu+The+Galileo+Project+%3E+Science+%3E+The+Telescope+by+Al+Van+Helden%3A+The+Hague+discussed+the+patent+applications+first+of+Hans+Lipperhey+of+Middelburg%2C+and+then+of+%26%2391%3B%26%2391%3BJacob+Metius%26%2393%3B%26%2393%3B+of+Alkmaar...+another+citizen+of+Middelburg%2C+%26%2391%3B%26%2391%3BZacharias+Janssen%26%2393%3B%26%2393%3B+is+sometimes+associated+with+the+invention&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgalileo.rice.edu%2Fsci%2Finstruments%2Ftelescope.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://galileo.rice.edu/sci/instruments/telescope.html">galileo.rice.edu <i>The Galileo Project > Science > The Telescope</i> by Al Van Helden <i>"The Hague discussed the patent applications first of Hans Lipperhey of Middelburg, and then of Jacob Metius of Alkmaar... another citizen of Middelburg, Sacharias Janssen had a telescope at about the same time but was at the Frankfurt Fair where he tried to sell it"</i></a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-12-26</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170803123745/http://galileo.rice.edu/sci/instruments/telescope.html">存档</a>于2017-08-03）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9B%E8%BF%9C%E9%95%9C&rft.btitle=galileo.rice.edu+The+Galileo+Project+%3E+Science+%3E+The+Telescope+by+Al+Van+Helden+%22The+Hague+discussed+the+patent+applications+first+of+Hans+Lipperhey+of+Middelburg%2C+and+then+of+Jacob+Metius+of+Alkmaar...+another+citizen+of+Middelburg%2C+Sacharias+Janssen+had+a+telescope+at+about+the+same+time+but+was+at+the+Frankfurt+Fair+where+he+tried+to+sell+it%22&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgalileo.rice.edu%2Fsci%2Finstruments%2Ftelescope.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/9-12/features/telescope_feature_912.html">NASA - Telescope History</a>. www.nasa.gov. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-04-08</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210214151151/https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/9-12/features/telescope_feature_912.html">存档</a>于2021-02-14）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9B%E8%BF%9C%E9%95%9C&rft.atitle=NASA+-+Telescope+History&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nasa.gov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Faudience%2Fforstudents%2F9-12%2Ffeatures%2Ftelescope_feature_912.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Loker, Aleck. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Lq1rd1ecFCYC&pg=PA15&lpg=PA15&dq=Galileo++Dutch+telescope+in+June+1609&source=bl&ots=BXPFWi9EYE&sig=QKgRU4Fuj5lSSrY3OHNtlOk983M&hl=en&sa=X&ei=F7hbUMDmHqmP0QGLooDoAg&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=Galileo++Dutch+telescope+in+June+1609&f=false">Profiles in Colonial History</a>. Aleck Loker. 20 November 2017 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-04-08</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210214151124/https://books.google.com/books?id=Lq1rd1ecFCYC&pg=PA15&lpg=PA15&dq=Galileo++Dutch+telescope+in+June+1609&source=bl&ots=BXPFWi9EYE&sig=QKgRU4Fuj5lSSrY3OHNtlOk983M&hl=en&sa=X&ei=F7hbUMDmHqmP0QGLooDoAg&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=Galileo++Dutch+telescope+in+June+1609&f=false">存档</a>于2021-02-14） –通过Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9B%E8%BF%9C%E9%95%9C&rft.aufirst=Aleck&rft.aulast=Loker&rft.btitle=Profiles+in+Colonial+History&rft.date=2017-11-20&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Aleck+Loker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLq1rd1ecFCYC%26pg%3DPA15%26lpg%3DPA15%26dq%3DGalileo%2B%2BDutch%2Btelescope%2Bin%2BJune%2B1609%26source%3Dbl%26ots%3DBXPFWi9EYE%26sig%3DQKgRU4Fuj5lSSrY3OHNtlOk983M%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ei%3DF7hbUMDmHqmP0QGLooDoAg%26ved%3D0CDcQ6AEwAg%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DGalileo%2B%2BDutch%2Btelescope%2Bin%2BJune%2B1609%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=2LZZginzib4C&pg=PA40&dq=intitle:Stargazer+digges+coins&lr=&as_brr=0&ei=BIwrSc6pB4OClQT4zfyxBg#PPA108,M1">Stargazer – By Fred Watson, Inc NetLibrary, Page 109</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-12-26</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130602191032/http://books.google.com/books?id=2LZZginzib4C&pg=PA40&dq=intitle:Stargazer+digges+coins&lr=&as_brr=0&ei=BIwrSc6pB4OClQT4zfyxBg#PPA108,M1">存档</a>于2013-06-02）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9B%E8%BF%9C%E9%95%9C&rft.btitle=Stargazer+%E2%80%93+By+Fred+Watson%2C+Inc+NetLibrary%2C+Page+109&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2LZZginzib4C%26pg%3DPA40%26dq%3Dintitle%3AStargazer%2Bdigges%2Bcoins%26lr%3D%26as_brr%3D0%26ei%3DBIwrSc6pB4OClQT4zfyxBg%23PPA108%2CM1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Attempts by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Niccol%C3%B2_Zucchi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Niccolò Zucchi（页面不存在）">Niccolò Zucchi</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Gregory_(astronomer_and_mathematician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Gregory (astronomer and mathematician)（页面不存在）">James Gregory</a> and theoretical designs by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonaventura_Cavalieri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bonaventura Cavalieri（页面不存在）">Bonaventura Cavalieri</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marin_Mersenne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marin Mersenne（页面不存在）">Marin Mersenne</a>, and Gregory among others</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120522152944/http://www.madehow.com/inventorbios/39/Jean-Bernard-L-on-Foucault.html">madehow.com – Inventor Biographies – Jean-Bernard-Léon Foucault Biography (1819–1868)</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-12-26</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.madehow.com/inventorbios/39/Jean-Bernard-L-on-Foucault.html">原始内容</a>存档于2012-05-22）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9B%E8%BF%9C%E9%95%9C&rft.btitle=madehow.com+%E2%80%93+Inventor+Biographies+%E2%80%93+Jean-Bernard-L%C3%A9on+Foucault+Biography+%281819%E2%80%931868%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.madehow.com%2Finventorbios%2F39%2FJean-Bernard-L-on-Foucault.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cambridge.org/uk/astronomy/features/amateur/files/p28-4.pdf">Bakich sample pages Chapter 2, Page 3 <i>"John Donavan Strong, a young physicist at the California Institute of Technology, was one of the first to coat a mirror with aluminum. He did it by thermal vacuum evaporation. The first mirror he aluminized, in 1932, is the earliest known example of a telescope mirror coated by this technique."</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-12-26</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170710021124/http://www.madehow.com/inventorbios/39/Jean-Bernard-L-on-Foucault.html">存档</a>于2017-07-10）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9B%E8%BF%9C%E9%95%9C&rft.btitle=Bakich+sample+pages+Chapter+2%2C+Page+3+%22John+Donavan+Strong%2C+a+young+physicist+at+the+California+Institute+of+Technology%2C+was+one+of+the+first+to+coat+a+mirror+with+aluminum.+He+did+it+by+thermal+vacuum+evaporation.+The+first+mirror+he+aluminized%2C+in+1932%2C+is+the+earliest+known+example+of+a+telescope+mirror+coated+by+this+technique.%22&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fuk%2Fastronomy%2Ffeatures%2Famateur%2Ffiles%2Fp28-4.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://astro-canada.ca/_en/a2111.html">The James-Clerk-Maxwell Observatory: The largest submillimetre radio telescope in the world</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-12-26</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110205193130/http://astro-canada.ca/_en/a2111.html">存档</a>于2011-02-05）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9B%E8%BF%9C%E9%95%9C&rft.btitle=The+James-Clerk-Maxwell+Observatory%3A+The+largest+submillimetre+radio+telescope+in+the+world&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fastro-canada.ca%2F_en%2Fa2111.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spacetelescope.org/about/general/instruments/wfc3/">ESA/Hubble – Hubble's Instruments: WFC3 – Wide Field Camera 3</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-12-26</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201112014826/https://www.spacetelescope.org/about/general/instruments/wfc3/">存档</a>于2020-11-12）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9B%E8%BF%9C%E9%95%9C&rft.btitle=ESA%2FHubble+%E2%80%93+Hubble%27s+Instruments%3A+WFC3+%E2%80%93+Wide+Field+Camera+3&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spacetelescope.org%2Fabout%2Fgeneral%2Finstruments%2Fwfc3%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=5wX9aHqfBS0C&pg=PA111&dq=%22optical+telescope+is%22&lr=&cd=55#v=onepage&q=%22optical%20telescope%20is%22&f=false">Barrie William Jones, The search for life continued: planets around other stars, page 111</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-01-12</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161201052319/https://books.google.com/books?id=5wX9aHqfBS0C&pg=PA111&dq=%22optical+telescope+is%22&lr=&cd=55#v=onepage&q=%22optical%20telescope%20is%22&f=false">存档</a>于2016-12-01）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%9B%E8%BF%9C%E9%95%9C&rft.btitle=Barrie+William+Jones%2C+The+search+for+life+continued%3A+planets+around+other+stars%2C+page+111&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5wX9aHqfBS0C%26pg%3DPA111%26dq%3D%2522optical%2Btelescope%2Bis%2522%26lr%3D%26cd%3D55%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%2522optical%2520telescope%2520is%2522%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="来源"><span id=".E6.9D.A5.E6.BA.90"></span>来源</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9B%E8%BF%9C%E9%95%9C&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：来源"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80540462">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><i>Contemporary Astronomy - Second Edition</i>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jay_Pasachoff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jay Pasachoff（页面不存在）">Jay M. Pasachoff</a>, Saunders Colleges Publishing - 1981, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0030578612" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-03-057861-2</a></li> <li>Sabra, A. I. & Hogendijk, J. P. (2003), The Enterprise of Science in Islam: New Perspectives, MIT Press, pp. 85-118, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0262194821" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-262-19482-1</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參看"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E7.9C.8B"></span>參看</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9B%E8%BF%9C%E9%95%9C&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：參看"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79074265">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-count:2; column-width:auto;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%AF%E5%BE%AE%E9%8F%A1" title="顯微鏡">顯微鏡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%A4%A7%E9%8F%A1" title="放大鏡">放大鏡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%BC%E9%8F%A1" title="眼鏡">眼鏡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%91%E8%A7%86%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="监视器">監視器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="相機">相機</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%9D%E5%BD%B1%E6%A9%9F" title="攝影機">攝影機</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9B%E8%BF%9C%E9%95%9C&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right 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title="维基共享资源">维基共享资源</a>中相关的多媒体资源：<b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Telescope?uselang=zh">望远镜</a></b></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://psroc.phys.ntu.edu.tw/bimonth/download.php?d=1&cpid=150&did=17">伽利略乍闻望远镜（1609年5月）</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20110602121406/http://psroc.phys.ntu.edu.tw/bimonth/download.php?d=1&cpid=150&did=17">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output 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id="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4213#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4213#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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