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2015</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_theology_since_2015-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Satanic_ritual_abuse_moral_panic,_modern_popular_culture_and_new_religious_movements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Satanic_ritual_abuse_moral_panic,_modern_popular_culture_and_new_religious_movements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Satanic ritual abuse moral panic, modern popular culture and new religious movements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Satanic_ritual_abuse_moral_panic,_modern_popular_culture_and_new_religious_movements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul 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class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Carl A. Raschke</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">1944 (age 79–80)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">American</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Postmodern_theology" title="Postmodern theology">postmodern theology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Popular_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Popular religion">popular religion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_religion" title="Philosophy of religion">philosophy of religion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_culture" title="Philosophy of culture">philosophy of culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_technology" title="Philosophy of technology">philosophy of technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Age" title="New Age">New Age</a>, <a href="/wiki/Satanism" title="Satanism">Satanism</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Occult" title="Occult">occult</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Academic background</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pomona_College" title="Pomona College">Pomona College</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Graduate_Theological_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="The Graduate Theological Union">The Graduate Theological Union</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">Thesis</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.lib.harvard.edu/aleph/001474097/catalog"><i>Moral action, God, and history in the thought of Immanuel Kant.</i></a> (1972)</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Academic work</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Discipline</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Religious_studies" title="Religious studies">religious studies</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sub-discipline</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Continental_philosophy" title="Continental philosophy">continental philosophy</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Carl A. Raschke</b> (born 1944<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is an American philosopher and <a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">theologian</a>. Raschke is a Past Chair and Professor of <a href="/wiki/Religious_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious Studies">Religious Studies</a> Department at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Denver" title="University of Denver">University of Denver</a>, specializing in <a href="/wiki/Continental_philosophy" title="Continental philosophy">continental philosophy</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_religion" title="Philosophy of religion">philosophy of religion</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Theory_of_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Theory of religion">theory of religion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was given the university lecturer award for 2020-2021.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is also listed with the affiliated faculty of the <a href="/wiki/Global_Center_for_Advanced_Studies" title="Global Center for Advanced Studies">Global Center for Advanced Studies</a>. </p><p>Raschke is known in part for his research in philosophy of religion, <a href="/wiki/Postmodern_theology" title="Postmodern theology">postmodern theology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Popular_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Popular religion">popular religion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_culture" title="Philosophy of culture">philosophy of culture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_technology" title="Philosophy of technology">philosophy of technology</a>. He received his B.A. from <a href="/wiki/Pomona_College" title="Pomona College">Pomona College</a>, his M.A. from <a href="/wiki/Graduate_Theological_Union" title="Graduate Theological Union">The Graduate Theological Union</a>, and his Ph.D. from <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Raschke is senior editor for <i>The Journal for Cultural and Religious Theory</i> and senior consulting editor for <i>The New Polis</i>. He is a regular contributor to <i>Political Theology Today</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-PTT_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PTT-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A major focus of Raschke's work has been <a href="/wiki/Postmodern_philosophy" title="Postmodern philosophy">postmodernism</a>. In recent years he has written on the <a href="/wiki/Theory_of_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Theory of religion">theory of religion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Political_theology" title="Political theology">political theology</a>. Alan J. Richard in <i>The Palgrave Handbook of Radical Theology</i> writes: "Carl Raschke, who might be credited for being the first to introduce deconstructive theory to the study of religion, is a unique theologian who has written on many topics, including economics, world religions, and higher education."<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the late 1980s and 1990s, Raschke published works on (and made media appearances regarding) <a href="/wiki/Satanism" title="Satanism">Satanism</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Occult" title="Occult">occult</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_music" title="Heavy metal music">heavy metal music</a>, and subjects such as <i><a href="/wiki/Dungeons_%26_Dragons" title="Dungeons & Dragons">Dungeons & Dragons</a></i>. In addition, Raschke was an <a href="/wiki/Expert_witness" title="Expert witness">expert witness</a> on some cases involving Satanism, regularly made comments and appearances for the media on related topics, and advised the <a href="/wiki/International_Cultic_Studies_Association" title="International Cultic Studies Association">American Family Foundation</a>; Raschke's comments and work during this period, particularly his 1990 book <i>Painted Black</i>, have been overwhelmingly condemned by scholars as inaccurate and repeatedly cited as having assisted in fueling the <a href="/wiki/Satanic_ritual_abuse" class="mw-redirect" title="Satanic ritual abuse">Satanic ritual abuse</a> <a href="/wiki/Moral_panic" title="Moral panic">moral panic</a> during the period, and Raschke's status as an "expert" on these topics has been criticized. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Philosophy_and_theology">Philosophy and theology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Raschke&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Philosophy and theology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Cleanup_rewrite plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg/40px-Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg/60px-Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg/80px-Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>may need to be rewritten</b> to comply with Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">quality standards</a>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carl_Raschke&action=edit">You can help</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Talk:Carl_Raschke" title="Talk:Carl Raschke">talk page</a> may contain suggestions.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2016</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Emergent_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Emergent church">Emergent church</a> and <a href="/wiki/Postchristianity" title="Postchristianity">Postchristianity</a></div> <p>A central focus of Raschke’s work has been on postmodern religious thought and postmodernism. Raschke has been credited with being "one of the first to register the importance of <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida">Derrida</a>'s work for postmodern philosophies of religion ."<sup id="cite_ref-:1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_work">Early work</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Raschke&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the 2003 <i>The Encyclopedia of Postmodernism</i>, his “work has sought to expose a conceptual tangle in modernity’s approach to language, religion, and the body."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Raschke launched this project in the 1970s with the publication of an article in <i><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Theological_Review" title="Harvard Theological Review">The Harvard Theological Review</a></i> entitled “Meaning and Saying in Religion: Beyond Language Games,” in which he “argues that the failure of Anglo-American philosophy to adequately account for religious language reveals a deeper failure to account for the process of meaning-formation at the heart of language itself.”<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His first major book, <i>The Alchemy of the Word: Language and the End of Theology</i> (1979), which was republished in 2000 as <i>The End of Theology</i>, lays out this agenda in detail with reliance in particular on the philosophy of the later <a href="/wiki/Martin_Heidegger" title="Martin Heidegger">Martin Heidegger</a>. <i>Fire and Roses: Postmodernity and the Thought of the Body</i> (1996) explores these interconnections by seeking to “reconcile erotic and tragic discourses through the thought of the Word made flesh.”<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An earlier work, entitled <i>Theological Thinking: An In-Quiry</i> (1988), investigates the interconnections between the languages of religion and science. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turn_of_the_millennium">Turn of the millennium</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Raschke&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Turn of the millennium"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the turn of the millennium, Raschke turned his attention to the impact of <a href="/wiki/Postmodernism/Philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="Postmodernism/Philosophy">postmodernism</a> on Christian evangelical thought. His book, <i>The Next Reformation: Why Evangelicals Must Embrace Postmodernity,</i> explained how postmodern philosophy might transform present day evangelical theology, comparing it to <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Reformation">Reformation</a> thought, in particular Martin Luther’s key doctrines of <i><a href="/wiki/Sola_fide" title="Sola fide">sola fide</a></i> (“by faith alone”) and <i><a href="/wiki/Sola_scriptura" title="Sola scriptura">sola Scriptura</a></i> (“according to Scripture alone"). He writes in this book that “the postmodernist revolution in philosophy…has tendered an environment where the Christian gospel can at last be disentangled from the centuries-long gnarl of <a href="/wiki/Scientism" title="Scientism">scientism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rationalism" title="Rationalism">rationalism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Secularism" title="Secularism">secularism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Humanism" title="Humanism">humanism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Skepticism" title="Skepticism">skepticism</a>.”<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reviewing the book, Brian C. Smith notes in <i>Library Journal</i> that Raschke challenges the conventional evangelical view of "postmodernism" and "exudes an embracing and accepting spirit toward it."<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A later book, entitled <i>GloboChrist,</i> published as part of a general series by <a href="/wiki/Baker_Publishing_Group" title="Baker Publishing Group">Baker Academic</a> Books, argued that the theory of the “<a href="/wiki/Rhizome_(philosophy)" title="Rhizome (philosophy)">rhizome</a>,” first advanced by twentieth century French philosophers <a href="/wiki/Gilles_Deleuze" title="Gilles Deleuze">Gilles Deleuze</a> and <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Guattari" title="Félix Guattari">Felix Guattari</a>, can be used to model the future of the Christian church in the new era of globalization. In an interview with the <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Philosophical_Society" title="Evangelical Philosophical Society">Evangelical Philosophical Society</a> in 2009, Raschke explains he borrowed this term because “globalization is an ongoing, simultaneous transformation of nations, cultures, and religious outlooks and practices everywhere on the planet which they term ‘<a href="/wiki/Deterritorialization" title="Deterritorialization">de-territorialization</a>.’”<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Commenting on <i>GloboChrist</i> scholar Richard Haney criticizes the book for its "breezy terminology", but concludes the book "will challenge Christians to think missionally and philosophically at the same time."<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his contribution among three authors to the volume <i>Faith and Reason: Three Views</i>, Raschke has argued that the gospel represented a departure from Greek and Enlightenment philosophies, and that faith and reason are "in tension" with each other.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finally, Raschke has sought to introduce the essential concepts of critical theory to an evangelical audience in his book <i>Critical Theology: Introducing an Agenda for an Age of Global Crisis</i>. Danish reviewer Michael Raubach writes: "Carl Raschke has spent his entire career at the intersection of theology, social theory, political philosophy, and the hurly-burly of practiced American religion, and in his 75th year he remains as provocative and insightful as ever. His recent primer, <i>Critical Theology</i>, is a welcome handbook for those with philosophical backgrounds seeking to ground their study of the Frankfurt school with something like <a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Moltmann" title="Jürgen Moltmann">Jürgen Moltmann</a>’s <a href="/wiki/Liberation_theology" title="Liberation theology">liberation theology</a>, or for those of a theological bent trying to grapple with the dense social critiques of a continental philosopher like <a href="/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" title="Slavoj Žižek">Slavoj Žižek</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Postmodern_Reformation"></span> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Primary_sources plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Primary_sources" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>relies excessively on <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">references</a> to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">primary sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please improve this section by adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">secondary or tertiary sources</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2010</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Postmodern Reformation</b> is a movement presently taking place throughout Western culture in which Christianity is experiencing a dramatic cultural shift away from institutionally centralized Christian practice closely related to primary <a href="/wiki/Christendom" title="Christendom">Christendom</a> values which have undergirded <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Orthodox</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> <a href="/wiki/Protestant_culture" title="Protestant culture">culture</a> since the 4th century. The movement parallels a number of other characteristic aspects of <a href="/wiki/Postmodernity" title="Postmodernity">postmodernity</a> including the adoption of primary extrainstitutional loyalties, a decentralized philosophy of cultural influence emphasizing authentic relationships, personal opportunity and responsibility for global and local contexts, and the localization of lifestyle. It also emphasizes a return to the values of 1st century Christian lifestyle using the tools of 21st century living. </p><p>Raschke has also written on the general <a href="/wiki/Theories_about_religions" class="mw-redirect" title="Theories about religions">theory of religion</a>. His book,<i>The Revolution in Religious Theory: Toward A Semiotics of the Event,</i> lays out how postmodern philosophy has impacted and reshaped both classical and contemporary paradigms of how we understand what is meant by the “religious.” In an interview with David Hale, Raschke criticizes many scholars of religion, particularly in regard to "cults", for approaching their subject as a "pseudo-phenomenology" that "does not seek to probe, or dialectically reflect, beyond the bare given."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In reviewing the book, McGill University scholar Nathan Strunk writes that Raschke criticizes the history of religious studies as colonializing with a tendency toward "Aryanization", and thus "readers should not be surprised if some areas they consider sacred are tread over lightly."<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_theology_since_2015">Political theology since 2015</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Raschke&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Political theology since 2015"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since 2015 Raschke's work has focused mainly on political thought and political theology. His book <i>Force of God: Political Theology and the Crisis of Liberal Democracy,</i> leverages the philosophies of <a href="/wiki/Michel_Foucault" title="Michel Foucault">Michel Foucault</a> and <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Friedrich Nietzsche</a> to analyze from what he terms a “genealogical” standpoint the ongoing global economic crisis and the dysfunctions of democracy. In a review in the <i>Journal of Religion</i> Samuel Hayim Brody writes that "Force of God is ostensibly an entry in the genre of critical Schmittianism", but that "it also works on several other levels: as an extended exegesis and application of Nietzsche; as a survey of concepts of 'force' in modern Continental philosophy (as Kraft in Hegel and Schelling, as Gewalt in Schelling and Benjamin, as <a href="/wiki/Will_to_power#Kraft_vs._Macht" title="Will to power">Macht in Nietzsche and force/pouvoir in his French interpreters</a>); and as an argument for the continuing relevance of the Western philosophical canon to contemporary problems.".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> New Zealand scholar Michael Grimshaw writing in <i>Syndicate,</i> an online academic forum of major new books in a variety of fields, states that in <i>Force of God</i> "the crisis in liberal democracy is convincingly linked as yet another expression and result of Nietzsche’s <a href="/wiki/God_is_dead" title="God is dead">death of god</a>." He asks "if <i>Force of God</i> is a prophetical work in being the first political theology of the Trump interregnum; a political theology written before the rise of Trump but existing as both handbook to understanding the crisis in liberal democracy that led to Trump and a manifesto of how to undertake a political theology of resistance?"<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His book <i>Neoliberalism and Political Theology: From Kant to Identity Politics</i> is a comprehensive analysis of the contemporary neoliberal world order and devotes specific attention to what political theorist <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Fraser" title="Nancy Fraser">Nancy Fraser</a> terms "progressive neoliberalism." Raschke argues that neoliberalism, which is presided over by a new ruling class - the "knowledge class" - that has replaced the nineteenth century captains of industry, "is not so much an economic or a political formation as it is a value configuration against which much of the world is now in open revolt."<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> What makes Raschke's argument unique, according to reviewer Michael Behrent, is the way he ties neoliberalism to progressive politics. According to Behrent, "Raschke shows how Fraser’s insights were prefigured by Foucault’s claim that liberalism originates in pastoral power—that is, a deterritorialized, shepherd-like authority legitimized by its concern for a flock’s well-being—and by Brown’s insight that the neoliberal idea of the free market is tied to a distorted sense of civic duty, which she dubs 'sacrificial citizenship.'".<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> University of Bonn philosopher Kieryn Wurts observes that "Raschke’s work...is intended to hold up a mirror to us and to make clear through the genealogical method that we are the neoliberals. He does this through a sophisticated <a href="/wiki/Marx%27s_theory_of_alienation" title="Marx's theory of alienation">Marxist analysis of labor alienation</a>, put rather simplistically, the educated classes if somewhat fatally failed to develop <a href="/wiki/Class_consciousness" title="Class consciousness">class consciousness</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Commenting on the 2020 <a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests" title="George Floyd protests">George Floyd protests</a> Raschke, drawing on Fraser and <a href="/wiki/Louis_Althusser" title="Louis Althusser">Louis Althusser</a>, asserted that<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p> In a word, “oppression” remains invisible because it is coded into the “common sense” of any social organization, while it is correspondingly legitimated and augmented by the communicative and educational apparatuses themselves that preserve a society’s unique “knowledge base.”<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p>Raschke asserted that the <a href="/wiki/New_Left" title="New Left">New Left</a> had unintentionally contributed to the rise of the <a href="/wiki/Alt-right" title="Alt-right">Alt-right</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-precariat_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-precariat-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He has served as section editor for <i>The Encyclopedia of Sciences and Religions</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Satanic_ritual_abuse_moral_panic,_modern_popular_culture_and_new_religious_movements"><span id="Satanic_ritual_abuse_moral_panic.2C_modern_popular_culture_and_new_religious_movements"></span>Satanic ritual abuse moral panic, modern popular culture and new religious movements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Raschke&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Satanic ritual abuse moral panic, modern popular culture and new religious movements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Raschke has written and commented on topics such as <a href="/wiki/Satanism" title="Satanism">Satanism</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Dungeons_%26_Dragons" title="Dungeons & Dragons">Dungeons & Dragons</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_music" title="Heavy metal music">heavy metal music</a> and certain new religious movements. His work in this area as well as his role in the development of the <a href="/wiki/Satanic_ritual_abuse" class="mw-redirect" title="Satanic ritual abuse">Satanic ritual abuse</a> <a href="/wiki/Moral_panic" title="Moral panic">moral panic</a> of the late 1980s and early 1990s, in particular the book <i>Painted Black</i> (1990), have been much criticized in academia. </p><p>Particularly during the late 1980s and 1990s, Raschke regularly commented to the media on matters involving Satanism and the occult,<sup id="cite_ref-MEDIA-COMMENTATOR_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MEDIA-COMMENTATOR-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> advised the <a href="/wiki/International_Cultic_Studies_Association" title="International Cultic Studies Association">American Family Foundation</a> during the 1990s,<sup id="cite_ref-ANSON-DARNELL_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ANSON-DARNELL-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and appeared as an <a href="/wiki/Expert_witness" title="Expert witness">expert witness</a> during trials purportedly involving Satanism.<sup id="cite_ref-EXPERTWITNESS_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EXPERTWITNESS-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Raschke has continued to accept media requests for comment on these topics, such as for an object purportedly involved in the murder of <a href="/wiki/Jessica_Ridgeway" class="mw-redirect" title="Jessica Ridgeway">Jessica Ridgeway</a> in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-REQUEST-FROM-MEDIA_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-REQUEST-FROM-MEDIA-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Reviewing <i>Painted Black</i> in 1991, scholar Jonathon S. Epstein writes: "<i>Painted Black</i> adds additional fuel to the flames of hysteria surrounding satanism [<i>sic</i>] in America", that "what the book lacks is scholarship, it makes up for it in sweeping and unsupportable generalizations", and that … "<i>Painted Black</i> cannot be taken seriously.<sup id="cite_ref-EPSTEIN_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EPSTEIN-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1995, scholar <a href="/wiki/Wouter_J._Hanegraaff" class="mw-redirect" title="Wouter J. Hanegraaff">Wouter J. Hanegraaff</a> writes "Raschke's eagerness to include everything "<a href="/wiki/Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism">gnostic</a>" into a "genealogy of darkness" (<i>Painted Black</i>, 133) inspires sloppy historical scholarship. … With a similar lack of sensitivity for the power of words and definitions, Raschke routinely uses "satanism" and "occultism" as synonyms (for instance, <i>Painted Black</i>, 35-36). This careless attitude towards terminology leads to painfully inaccurate overviews (esp. <i>Painted Black</i>, chapter 4)."<sup id="cite_ref-HANEGRAAFF_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HANEGRAAFF-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Writing in 1998, scholar Phillip Jenkins cites Raschke's <i>Painted Black</i> next to <a href="/wiki/Maury_Terry" title="Maury Terry">Maury Terry</a>'s <i>Ultimate Evil</i> and <a href="/wiki/Larry_Kahaner" title="Larry Kahaner">Larry Kahaner</a>'s <i>Cults That Kill</i> along with an episode of <a href="/wiki/Geraldo_Rivera" title="Geraldo Rivera">Geraldo Rivera</a>'s talk show (<i><a href="/wiki/Geraldo_(TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Geraldo (TV series)">Geraldo</a></i>, "Devil Worship: Exposing Satan's Underground") as examples of major works that popularized the Satanic ritual abuse moral panic in the late 1980s and 1990s. Jenkins says "For several years, belief in the existence of satanic cults and ritual murder achieved wider credence in the United States than it had in any other society since that of sixteenth-century Europe", where the moral panic subsequently spread to areas of Europe, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-JENKINS_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JENKINS-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In an analysis of Raschke's role in adding fuel to the 1980s and early 1990s United States Satanic ritual abuse moral panic, scholar <a href="/wiki/Eugene_V._Gallagher" title="Eugene V. Gallagher">Eugene V. Gallagher</a> (2004) notes that Raschke referred to critics of his works as "cult apologists" but says "the shrillness of Raschke's argument ... ultimately fails to compensate for the paucity of evidence behind it".<sup id="cite_ref-GALLAGHER-188-189_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GALLAGHER-188-189-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Referring to Raschke's <i>Painted Black</i>, scholar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joshua_Gunn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joshua Gunn (page does not exist)">Joshua Gunn</a> (2005) writes that "Raschke's error-filled tome is frequently cited by seemingly secular academics who profess in a belief of Satanic ritual abuse".<sup id="cite_ref-GUNN-283_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GUNN-283-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Scholar <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Versluis" title="Arthur Versluis">Arthur Versluis</a> (2006) is highly critical of Raschke's <i>Painted Black</i>, which he describes as an "effort to awaken an American <a href="/wiki/Inquisition" title="Inquisition">inquisition</a>" and refers to the book as "breathless <a href="/wiki/Sensationalism" title="Sensationalism">sensationalism</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-VERSLUIS-108_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VERSLUIS-108-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Versluis cites Raschke's description of the roleplaying game <i><a href="/wiki/Dungeons_%26_Dragons" title="Dungeons & Dragons">Dungeons & Dragons</a></i> as a means of initiation into "<a href="/wiki/Black_magic" title="Black magic">black magic</a>" as an example and says that "it is scarcely possible to exaggerate the hysterical nature of this book, nor the number of errors in it (although some have tried at least to chronicle them)."<sup id="cite_ref-VERSLUIS-107_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VERSLUIS-107-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Versluis is critical of Raschke's role in the Satanic ritual abuse moral panic, noting the false imprisonments that the moral panic resulted in, and says, regarding <i>Painted Black</i>, "This is dangerous stuff indeed ... Fortunately, Raschke's book didn't have the kind of impact he so clearly wanted: to fully awaken the medieval Inquisitorial spirit. But ... the 1980s and the 1990s 'Satanic panic' was bad enough."<sup id="cite_ref-VERSLUIS-109_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VERSLUIS-109-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Comparing Raschke's <i>Painted Black</i> to <a href="/wiki/Tipper_Gore" title="Tipper Gore">Tipper Gore</a>'s 1987 book <i>Raising PG Kids in an X-Rated Society</i> in that Gore "invoked Satan as the seducer of youth", scholar Robert Latham (2007) refers to Carl Raschke as "a tabloid 'expert' on 'cults'". Latham is particularly critical of Raschke's claims that <a href="/wiki/MTV" title="MTV">MTV</a> "had put an entire generation of teens at risk of satanic contamination" and writes that "Raschke's indictment of the resultant '<a href="/wiki/Apollonian_and_Dionysian" title="Apollonian and Dionysian">Dionysian</a> frenzy' ... indiscriminately conflated acts of violence, sexual 'deviance', and supernaturalism in a millennial scenario of youth's spectacular degeneracy."<sup id="cite_ref-LATHAM_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LATHAM-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Scholars Asbjørn Dyrendal, James R. Lewis, and Jesper AA. Petersen (2015) provide examples of Raschke "quoting ... misleadingly and out of context" and "hav[ing] forgotten all his academic training, and reverted, in a telling manner, to the folklore of evil". The scholars characterize Raschke as an "until-then well-reputed academic" (referring to the publication of <i>Painted Black</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-DYRENDAL-ET-AL_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DYRENDAL-ET-AL-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scholar Joseph P. Laycock is highly critical of statements that Raschke made in the 1980s and early 1990s regarding Satanism in popular culture, noting that Raschke "is one of the few academics who embraced the moral panic over Satanism and role-playing games in the 1980s".<sup id="cite_ref-LAYCOCK-59_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LAYCOCK-59-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Analyzing Raschke's works on heavy metal, scholar <a href="/wiki/Robert_Walser_(musicologist)" title="Robert Walser (musicologist)">Robert Walser</a> (2013) says that "the terrorism of Raschke and similar critics depends upon two tactics: anecdote and insinuation. Raschke himself cites a group of sociologists of religion who determined that there was 'not a shred of evidence' that Satanism is a problem in America, directly contradicting the thesis of Rashke's book."<sup id="cite_ref-WALSER-142_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WALSER-142-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Raschke's comments regarding <a href="/wiki/Heathenry_(new_religious_movement)" title="Heathenry (new religious movement)">Heathenry</a> have also been criticized. According to a 1998 interview with the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Poverty_Law_Center" title="Southern Poverty Law Center">SPLC</a>, Raschke claimed that "a recent <a href="/wiki/Bioterrorism" title="Bioterrorism">biological terrorism threat</a> in New York City may have come from Asatrúers [<i>sic</i>]" (quote from SPLC 1998, reprinted in Gardell 2003). Citing this claim as an example of the reception of Heathenry in his overview, scholar <a href="/wiki/Mattias_Gardell" title="Mattias Gardell">Mattias Gardell</a> (2003) says "I have found nothing to substantiate the alarmist allegations of Raschke".<sup id="cite_ref-GARDELL_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GARDELL-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In an article on <a href="/wiki/Wicca" title="Wicca">Wicca</a> and media for the <i>Oxford Handbook of Religion and the News Media</i> (2012), scholar <a href="/wiki/Sarah_M._Pike" title="Sarah M. Pike">Sarah M. Pike</a> describes how a media report during the trial for the <a href="/wiki/West_Memphis_Three" title="West Memphis Three">West Memphis Three</a> "failed to consult experts on Wicca and Satanism" but rather referred to material by Raschke, who she describes as a "widely discredited 'Satanism expert'".<sup id="cite_ref-PIKE-290_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PIKE-290-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Raschke has written and commented in the media extensively on contemporary religion, especially regarding the <a href="/wiki/New_Age" title="New Age">New Age Movement</a>. His most cited and often controversial book on this is <i>The Interruption of Eternity</i> (1980). Other writings of this kind include "The New Age: The Movement Toward Self-Discovery",<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "New Age Spirituality"<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "New Age Economics".<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Raschke&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Moral Action, God, and History in the Thought of Immanuel Kant</i>. American Academy of Religion Dissertation Series 5. Missoula, MT: Scholars Press, 1975. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780891300038" title="Special:BookSources/9780891300038">9780891300038</a>.</li> <li><i>Religion and the Human Image</i>. Editor and co-author with Mark C. Taylor and James Kirk. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1976. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780137734245" title="Special:BookSources/9780137734245">9780137734245</a>.</li> <li><i>The Bursting of New Wineskins: Religion and Culture at the End of Affluence</i>. Pittsburgh, PA: Pickwick Press, 1978. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780915138340" title="Special:BookSources/9780915138340">9780915138340</a>.</li> <li><i>The Alchemy of the Word: Language and the End of Theology</i>. AAR Studies in Religion 20. Missoula, MT: Scholars Press, 1979. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780891303190" title="Special:BookSources/9780891303190">9780891303190</a>.</li> <li><i>The Interruption of Eternity: Modern Gnosticism and the Origins of the New Religious Consciousness</i>. Chicago: Nelson-Hall, 1980. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780882293745" title="Special:BookSources/9780882293745">9780882293745</a>.</li> <li><i>Theological Thinking: An Inquiry</i>. AAR Studies in Religion 53. Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1988. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781555401870" title="Special:BookSources/9781555401870">9781555401870</a>.</li> <li><i>Painted Black: From Drug Killings to Heavy Metal Music: The Alarming True Story of How Satanism Is Terrorizing Our Communities</i>. San Francisco: Harper, 1990. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780062507044" title="Special:BookSources/9780062507044">9780062507044</a>. Paperback edition, Harper Collins, 1992. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780061040801" title="Special:BookSources/9780061040801">9780061040801</a>.</li> <li><i>Fire and Roses: Postmodernity and the Thought of the Body</i>. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1995. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780585062730" title="Special:BookSources/9780585062730">9780585062730</a>.</li> <li><i>The Engendering God. Male and Female Faces of God</i>. Co-authored with Susan D. Raschke. Louisville, KY: John Knox/Westminster, 1996. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780664255022" title="Special:BookSources/9780664255022">9780664255022</a>.</li> <li><i>The End of Theology</i>. Denver CO: The Davies Group Publishers, 2000. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781888570533" title="Special:BookSources/9781888570533">9781888570533</a>. (Republication of <i>The Alchemy of the Word</i> with new introduction)</li> <li><i>The Digital Revolution and the Coming of the Postmodern University</i>. London / New York: RoutledgeFalmer, 2002. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780203451243" title="Special:BookSources/9780203451243">9780203451243</a>.</li> <li><i>The Next Reformation: Why Evangelicals Must Embrace Postmodernity</i>. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780801027512" title="Special:BookSources/9780801027512">9780801027512</a>.</li> <li><i>The Republic of Faith: The Search for Agreement Amid Diversity in American Religion</i>. Religion in American Culture. Aurora, CO: Davies Group, 2005. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781888570717" title="Special:BookSources/9781888570717">9781888570717</a>.</li> <li><i>GloboChrist: The Great Commission Takes a Postmodern Turn</i>. The Church and Postmodern Culture. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2008. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780801032615" title="Special:BookSources/9780801032615">9780801032615</a>.</li> <li><i>Postmodernism and the Revolution in Religious Theory: Toward a Semiotics of the Event</i>. Studies in Religion and Culture. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Press, 2012. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780813933085" title="Special:BookSources/9780813933085">9780813933085</a>.</li> <li><i>Force of God: Political Theology and the Crisis of Liberal Democracy</i>. New York: Columbia University Press, 2015. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780231539623" title="Special:BookSources/9780231539623">9780231539623</a>.</li> <li><i>Critical Theology: Introducing an Agenda for an Age of Global Crisis</i>. Downers Grove, IL: IVP Academic, 2016. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780830851294" title="Special:BookSources/9780830851294">9780830851294</a>.</li> <li><i>Postmodern Theology: A Biopic</i>. Eugene, OR: Wipf and Stock, 2017. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1498203892" title="Special:BookSources/1498203892">1498203892</a>.</li> <li><i>Neoliberalism and Political Theology: From Kant to Identity Politics</i>. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2019. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1474454550" title="Special:BookSources/1474454550">1474454550</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Raschke&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/51706472/">"51706472"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=51706472&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fviaf.org%2Fviaf%2F51706472%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarl+Raschke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaschke1978" class="citation journal cs1">Raschke, Carl (June 1978). "The End of Theology". <i>Journal of the American Academy of Religion</i>. <b>46</b> (2): 159–79. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1462219">1462219</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Academy+of+Religion&rft.atitle=The+End+of+Theology&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=159-79&rft.date=1978-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1462219%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Raschke&rft.aufirst=Carl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarl+Raschke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.du.edu/">"University Lecturer Award"</a>. <i>University of Denver</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 11,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+Denver&rft.atitle=University+Lecturer+Award&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.du.edu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarl+Raschke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.du.edu/ahss/religiousstudies/facultystaff/raschke.html">"Carl Raschke | Faculty & Staff | University of Denver"</a>. <i>du.edu</i>. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 5,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=du.edu&rft.atitle=Carl+Raschke+%26%23124%3B+Faculty+%26+Staff+%26%23124%3B+University+of+Denver&rft.date=2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.du.edu%2Fahss%2Freligiousstudies%2Ffacultystaff%2Fraschke.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarl+Raschke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PTT-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PTT_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Raschke's contributions to <i>Political Theology Today</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politicaltheology.com/blog/author/craschke/">may be viewed on the publication's website</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichard2018" class="citation cs2">Richard, Alan Jay (2018), "Carl A. Raschke", in Rodkey, Christopher D.; Miller, Jordan E. (eds.), <i>The Palgrave Handbook of Radical Theology</i>, Radical Theologies and Philosophies, Springer International Publishing, pp. 323–342, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-319-96595-6_20">10.1007/978-3-319-96595-6_20</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-96595-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-96595-6"><bdi>978-3-319-96595-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Carl+A.+Raschke&rft.btitle=The+Palgrave+Handbook+of+Radical+Theology&rft.series=Radical+Theologies+and+Philosophies&rft.pages=323-342&rft.pub=Springer+International+Publishing&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-319-96595-6_20&rft.isbn=978-3-319-96595-6&rft.aulast=Richard&rft.aufirst=Alan+Jay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarl+Raschke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dLqvZPOecVUC&dq=carl+raschke&pg=PA505">The Blackwell Companion to Postmodern Theology, p 505. John Wiley & Sons, Apr 15, 2008</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylorCharles_Winquist2003" class="citation book cs1">Taylor, Victor E.; Charles Winquist (2003). <i>Encyclopedia of Postmodernism</i>. Psychology Press. p. 330.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Postmodernism&rft.pages=330&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Victor+E.&rft.au=Charles+Winquist&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarl+Raschke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaschke2004" class="citation book cs1">Raschke, Carl (2004). <i>The Next Reformation: Why Evangelicals Must Embrace Postmodernity</i>. Baker Academic. pp. 20–21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Next+Reformation%3A+Why+Evangelicals+Must+Embrace+Postmodernity&rft.pages=20-21&rft.pub=Baker+Academic&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Raschke&rft.aufirst=Carl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarl+Raschke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2005" class="citation journal cs1">Smith, Brian C. (2005). "Review of "The Next Reformation"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <i>Library Journal</i>: 119.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Library+Journal&rft.atitle=Review+of+%22The+Next+Reformation%22&rft.pages=119&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Brian+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarl+Raschke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.epsociety.org/2009/01/interview-with-carl-raschke-globochrist.asp">"Interview with Carl Raschke: GloboChrist"</a>. <i>Evangelical Philosophical Society Blog</i>. Evangelical Philosophical Society. January 18, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Evangelical+Philosophical+Society+Blog&rft.atitle=Interview+with+Carl+Raschke%3A+GloboChrist&rft.date=2009-01-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.epsociety.org%2F2009%2F01%2Finterview-with-carl-raschke-globochrist.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarl+Raschke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHanaey2010" class="citation journal cs1">Hanaey, Richard (2010). "Review of GloboChrist". <i>Interpretation</i>. <b>64</b> (2): 216.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Interpretation&rft.atitle=Review+of+GloboChrist&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=216&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Hanaey&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarl+Raschke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilkens2014" class="citation book cs1">Wilkens, Steve (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6LzjAwAAQBAJ&q=carl+raschke&pg=PA68"><i>Faith and Reason: Three Views</i></a>. Intervarsity Press, p. 20. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780830880232" title="Special:BookSources/9780830880232"><bdi>9780830880232</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Faith+and+Reason%3A+Three+Views&rft.pub=Intervarsity+Press%2C+p.+20.&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9780830880232&rft.aulast=Wilkens&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6LzjAwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dcarl%2Braschke%26pg%3DPA68&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarl+Raschke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://readingreligion.org/books/critical-theology">"Critical Theology | Reading Religion"</a>. <i>readingreligion.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 5,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=readingreligion.org&rft.atitle=Critical+Theology+%7C+Reading+Religion&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freadingreligion.org%2Fbooks%2Fcritical-theology&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarl+Raschke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHale2014" class="citation journal cs1">Hale, David (2014). "Not Your Grandmother's Theory of Religion: An Interview With Carl Raschke". <i>Journal for Cultural and Religious Theory</i>. <b>14</b> (2): 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+for+Cultural+and+Religious+Theory&rft.atitle=Not+Your+Grandmother%27s+Theory+of+Religion%3A+An+Interview+With+Carl+Raschke.&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=2&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Hale&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarl+Raschke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Strunk, Nathan. Review of "The Revolution in Religious Theory," <i>Religious Studies Review</i> 3(2013), p. 39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrody2018" class="citation journal cs1">Brody, Samuel Hayim (January 2018). "Raschke, Carl A. Force of God: Political Theology and the Crisis of Liberal Democracy . New York: Columbia University Press, 2015. xv+189 pp. $55.00 (cloth)". <i>The Journal of Religion</i>. <b>98</b> (1): 162–163. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F694594">10.1086/694594</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0022-4189">0022-4189</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Religion&rft.atitle=Raschke%2C+Carl+A.+Force+of+God%3A+Political+Theology+and+the+Crisis+of+Liberal+Democracy+.+New+York%3A+Columbia+University+Press%2C+2015.+xv%2B189+pp.+%2455.00+%28cloth%29.&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=162-163&rft.date=2018-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F694594&rft.issn=0022-4189&rft.aulast=Brody&rft.aufirst=Samuel+Hayim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarl+Raschke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://syndicate.network/symposia/theology/the-force-of-god/">"The Force of God"</a>. <i>Syndicate</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 13,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Syndicate&rft.atitle=The+Force+of+God&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsyndicate.network%2Fsymposia%2Ftheology%2Fthe-force-of-god%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarl+Raschke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaschke2019" class="citation book cs1">Raschke, Carl (2019). <i>Neoliberalism and Political Theology: From Kant to Identity Politics</i>. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. p. 3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781474454551" title="Special:BookSources/9781474454551"><bdi>9781474454551</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Neoliberalism+and+Political+Theology%3A+From+Kant+to+Identity+Politics&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9781474454551&rft.aulast=Raschke&rft.aufirst=Carl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarl+Raschke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBehrent2021" class="citation journal cs1">Behrent, Michael C. (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0034670521000280/type/journal_article">"Carl Raschke: Neoliberalism and Political Theology: From Kant to Identity Politics. (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2019. Pp. viii, 196)"</a>. <i>The Review of Politics</i>. <b>83</b> (3): 434–436. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0034670521000280">10.1017/S0034670521000280</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0034-6705">0034-6705</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:236268554">236268554</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Review+of+Politics&rft.atitle=Carl+Raschke%3A+Neoliberalism+and+Political+Theology%3A+From+Kant+to+Identity+Politics.+%28Edinburgh%3A+Edinburgh+University+Press%2C+2019.+Pp.+viii%2C+196%29.&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=434-436&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A236268554%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0034-6705&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0034670521000280&rft.aulast=Behrent&rft.aufirst=Michael+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fproduct%2Fidentifier%2FS0034670521000280%2Ftype%2Fjournal_article&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarl+Raschke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thenewpolis.com/2021/01/03/critical-conversations-2020-and-the-catastrophe-of-the-global-neoliberal-order-critical-conversation-4/">"Critical Conversations 4 – 2020 And The Catastrophe Of The Global Neoliberal Order (Carl Raschke) – THE NEW POLIS"</a>. January 3, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 5,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Critical+Conversations+4+%E2%80%93+2020+And+The+Catastrophe+Of+The+Global+Neoliberal+Order+%28Carl+Raschke%29+%E2%80%93+THE+NEW+POLIS&rft.date=2021-01-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthenewpolis.com%2F2021%2F01%2F03%2Fcritical-conversations-2020-and-the-catastrophe-of-the-global-neoliberal-order-critical-conversation-4%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarl+Raschke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thenewpolis.com/2020/07/27/racism-anti-racism-and-marxism-how-poststructuralism-morphed-the-emancipatory-project-into-progressive-neoliberalism-part-1/">"Racism, Anti-Racism, and Marxism – How Poststructuralism Morphed the Emancipatory Project into "Progressive Neoliberalism" (Carl Raschke) – THE NEW POLIS"</a>. July 27, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Racism%2C+Anti-Racism%2C+and+Marxism+%E2%80%93+How+Poststructuralism+Morphed+the+Emancipatory+Project+into+%22Progressive+Neoliberalism%22+%28Carl+Raschke%29+%E2%80%93+THE+NEW+POLIS&rft.date=2020-07-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthenewpolis.com%2F2020%2F07%2F27%2Fracism-anti-racism-and-marxism-how-poststructuralism-morphed-the-emancipatory-project-into-progressive-neoliberalism-part-1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarl+Raschke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://politicaltheology.com/how-the-new-left-helped-create-the-alt-right-carl-raschke/">https://politicaltheology.com/how-the-new-left-helped-create-the-alt-right-carl-raschke/</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220000000000*/https://politicaltheology.com/how-the-new-left-helped-create-the-alt-right-carl-raschke/">https://web.archive.org/web/20220000000000*/https://politicaltheology.com/how-the-new-left-helped-create-the-alt-right-carl-raschke/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-precariat-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-precariat_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307223026/https://jcrt.org/religioustheory/2020/07/05/progressive-neoliberalism-symbolic-capitalism-and-the-global-reproduction-of-the-precariat-interview-with-carl-raschke/">https://web.archive.org/web/20220307223026/https://jcrt.org/religioustheory/2020/07/05/progressive-neoliberalism-symbolic-capitalism-and-the-global-reproduction-of-the-precariat-interview-with-carl-raschke/</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://jcrt.org/religioustheory/2020/07/05/progressive-neoliberalism-symbolic-capitalism-and-the-global-reproduction-of-the-precariat-interview-with-carl-raschke/">https://jcrt.org/religioustheory/2020/07/05/progressive-neoliberalism-symbolic-capitalism-and-the-global-reproduction-of-the-precariat-interview-with-carl-raschke/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Runehov, Anne and Oviedo, Lluis, editors. <i>The Encyclopedia of Religions and Sciences</i>. Springer Reference, 2013, p. xi.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MEDIA-COMMENTATOR-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MEDIA-COMMENTATOR_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stowers (1989).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ANSON-DARNELL-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ANSON-DARNELL_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Anson & Darnell (2006:115).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EXPERTWITNESS-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EXPERTWITNESS_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Such as Missouri v. Roland. 808 S.W.2d 855 (1991) (viewable online: <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.leagle.com/decision/19911663808SW2d855_11627/STATE%20v.%20ROLAND#">[1]</a>), in which Raschke testified for the defense: "The court permitted witness Raschke to testify to the general tenets of satanism [<i>sic</i>], but, because he lacked any training in psychiatry or psychology, excluded his proffered testimony as to the effects of satanic beliefs on individuals. The professor did testify that satanic cults often employed violence and terror in enforcing secrecy and loyalty among their members."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-REQUEST-FROM-MEDIA-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-REQUEST-FROM-MEDIA_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Regarding an object purportedly connected with the murder of Jessica Ridgeway:<br />"Raschke notes that the cross contains three vertical scratches on one side and a zigzag and several nicks on the other. Raschke, who also studies cults, wouldn't speculate on the three vertical scratches, but said the zigzag and nicks could be significant. "The zigzag is a stylized 'S,'" he said. "It's like a lightning bolt. It probably has something to do with somebody who's into <a href="/wiki/Magic_(paranormal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Magic (paranormal)">magic</a> or wizardry or something like that. It could also be neo-Nazism." Raschke said the nicks adjacent to the zigzag are even more interesting. "Those look like somebody is stabbing the cross with a knife and may very well have been doing that because they hate Christians. It could be some kind of ritual way of showing (their) contempt for Christianity." (Hernandez 2012).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EPSTEIN-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EPSTEIN_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Epstein (1991:439-440).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HANEGRAAFF-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HANEGRAAFF_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hanegraaff (1995:X).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JENKINS-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JENKINS_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jenkins (1998:168-169).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GALLAGHER-188-189-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GALLAGHER-188-189_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Raschke (2004:188-189).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GUNN-283-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GUNN-283_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gunn (2005:283).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VERSLUIS-108-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-VERSLUIS-108_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Verlius (2006:108).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VERSLUIS-107-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-VERSLUIS-107_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Versluis (2006:107).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VERSLUIS-109-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-VERSLUIS-109_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Versluis (2006:109)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LATHAM-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LATHAM_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Latham (2007:126).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DYRENDAL-ET-AL-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DYRENDAL-ET-AL_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dyrendal, Lewis, and Petersen (2015:102-104)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LAYCOCK-59-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LAYCOCK-59_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Laycock (2015:59).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WALSER-142-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WALSER-142_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Walser 2013: 142).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GARDELL-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GARDELL_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gardell (2003:275). The 1998 SPLC interview Gardell refers to may be read online at the SPLC website: <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence-report/1998/new-brand-racist-odinist-religion-march">[2]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PIKE-290-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PIKE-290_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pike (2012:289-290).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaschke1993" class="citation book cs1">Raschke, Carl (1993). "The New Age: The Movement Toward Self-Discovery". In Ferguson, Duncan (ed.). <i>New Age Spirituality: An Assessment</i>. Louisville, KY: Westminster/John Knox Press. pp. 121–43.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+New+Age%3A+The+Movement+Toward+Self-Discovery&rft.btitle=New+Age+Spirituality%3A+An+Assessment&rft.place=Louisville%2C+KY&rft.pages=121-43&rft.pub=Westminster%2FJohn+Knox+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Raschke&rft.aufirst=Carl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarl+Raschke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaschke1996" class="citation book cs1">Raschke, Carl (1996). "New Age Spirituality". In Van Ness, Peter (ed.). <i>Spirituality and the Secular Quest</i>. New York: Crossroad Publishing.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=New+Age+Spirituality&rft.btitle=Spirituality+and+the+Secular+Quest&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Crossroad+Publishing&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Raschke&rft.aufirst=Carl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarl+Raschke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaschke1988" class="citation book cs1">Raschke, Carl (1988). "New Age Economics". In Basil, Robert (ed.). <i>Not Necessarily the New Age: Critical Essays</i>. Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=New+Age+Economics&rft.btitle=Not+Necessarily+the+New+Age%3A+Critical+Essays&rft.place=Buffalo%2C+NY&rft.pub=Prometheus+Books&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=Raschke&rft.aufirst=Carl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarl+Raschke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Raschke&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Anson, Ship. Darnell, Susan E. 2006. <i>Agents of Discord: Deprogramming, Pseudo-Science, and the American Anticult Movement</i>. <a href="/wiki/Transaction_Publishers" title="Transaction Publishers">Transaction Publishers</a>.</li> <li>Epstein, Jonathon S. <i>Painted Black</i> review in <i>Contemporary Sociology</i>, Vol. 20, No. 3 (May, 1991), pp. 439–440. <a href="/wiki/American_Sociological_Association" title="American Sociological Association">American Sociological Association</a>.</li> <li>Dyrendal, Asbjørn. Lewis, James R. Petersen, Jesper AA. 2015. <i>The Invention of Satanism</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>.</li> <li>Gallagher, Eugene V. 2004. <i>The New Religious Movements Experience in America</i>. <a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Publishing_Group" title="Greenwood Publishing Group">Greenwood Publishing Group</a>.</li> <li>Gardell, Mattias. 2003. <i>Gods of the Blood</i>. <a href="/wiki/Duke_University_Press" title="Duke University Press">Duke University Press</a>.</li> <li>Gunn, Joshua. 2005. <i>Modern Occult Rhetoric: Mass Media and the Drama of Secrecy in the Twentieth Century</i>. <a href="/wiki/The_University_of_Alabama_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="The University of Alabama Press">The University of Alabama Press</a>.</li> <li>Hanegraaff, Wouter J. 1995. "From the Devil's Gateway to the Goddess Within: The Image of the Witch in Neopaganism" in Kloppenborg, Ria. Hanegraaff, Wouter J. <i>Female Stereotypes in Religious Traditions</i>. <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill</a>.</li> <li>Hernandez, Lance. 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thedenverchannel.com/news/jessica-ridgeway/du-religious-studies-professor-says-markings-on-cross-in-jessica-ridgeway-case-could-be-significant">"DU religious studies professor says marking on cross in Jessica Ridgeway case may be significant"</a>. <i>thedenverchannel.com</i>, Oct, 22, 2012. Accessed January 13, 2016.</li> <li>Jenkins, Phillip. 1998. <i>Moral Panic: Changing Concepts of the Child Molester in Modern America</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yale_University_press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yale University press (page does not exist)">Yale University press</a>.</li> <li>Latham, Robert. 2007. <i>Consuming Youth: Vampires, Cyborgs, and Cultural Consumption</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Press" title="University of Chicago Press">University of Chicago Press</a>.</li> <li>Laycock, Joseph P. 2015. <i>Dangerous Games: What the Moral Panic over Role-Playing Games Says about Play, Religion, and Imagined Worlds</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_M._Pike" title="Sarah M. Pike">Pike, Sarah M.</a> 2012. "Wicca in the News" in Winston, Diane (editor). <i>The Oxford Handbook of Religion and the American News Media</i>, pp. 289–303. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press_USA" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford University Press USA">Oxford University Press USA</a>.</li> <li>Showers, Carlton. 1989. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dmagazine.com/publications/d-magazine/1989/june/crime-satanic-curses">Crime Satanic Curses</a>". <i>D Magazine</i>, June 1989. Accessed January 13, 2016.</li> <li>Versluis, Arthur. 2006. <i>The New Inquisitions: Heretic-Hunting and the Intellectual Origins of Modern Totalitarianism</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>.</li> <li>Walter, Robert. 2013. <i>Running with the Devil: Power, Gender, and Madness in Heavy Metal Music</i>. <a href="/wiki/Wesleyan_University_Press" title="Wesleyan University Press">Wesleyan University Press</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Raschke&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.carlraschke.com">Carl Raschke's Professional Website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.du.edu/ahss/religiousstudies/facultystaff/raschke.html">Raschke at Department of Religious Studies</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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