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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kveldulf's_lineage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kveldulf's_lineage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Kveldulf's lineage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kveldulf's_lineage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Strife_with_Harald_Fairhair_of_Norway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Strife_with_Harald_Fairhair_of_Norway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Strife with Harald Fairhair of Norway</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Strife_with_Harald_Fairhair_of_Norway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Skallagrim's_sons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Skallagrim's_sons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Skallagrim's sons</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Skallagrim's_sons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conflict_with_Eirik_Bloodaxe_over_ale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conflict_with_Eirik_Bloodaxe_over_ale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Conflict with Eirik Bloodaxe over ale</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conflict_with_Eirik_Bloodaxe_over_ale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mercenary_service_in_England,_Thorolf_falls_in_battle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mercenary_service_in_England,_Thorolf_falls_in_battle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Mercenary service in England, Thorolf falls in battle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mercenary_service_in_England,_Thorolf_falls_in_battle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inheritance_case_at_the_Gula-Thing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inheritance_case_at_the_Gula-Thing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Inheritance case at the Gula-Thing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inheritance_case_at_the_Gula-Thing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eirik's_power,_cursed_by_Egill" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eirik's_power,_cursed_by_Egill"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Eirik's power, cursed by Egill</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eirik's_power,_cursed_by_Egill-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Head-Ransom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Head-Ransom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Head-Ransom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Head-Ransom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interpretation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interpretation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Interpretation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interpretation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Characters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Characters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Characters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Characters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Editions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Editions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Editions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Editions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Translations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Translations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Translations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Translations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Explanatory_notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Explanatory_notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Explanatory notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Explanatory_notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Egil's Saga</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 25 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%95%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Сага за Егил – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сага за Егил" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saga_d%27Egill_Skallagr%C3%ADmson" title="Saga d'Egill Skallagrímson – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Saga d'Egill Skallagrímson" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egils_saga" title="Egils saga – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Egils saga" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egils_saga" title="Egils saga – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Egils saga" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egilli_saaga" title="Egilli saaga – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Egilli saaga" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saga_de_Egil_Skallagr%C3%ADmson" title="Saga de Egil Skallagrímson – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Saga de Egil Skallagrímson" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egil_Skallagrimsonen_Saga" title="Egil Skallagrimsonen Saga – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Egil Skallagrimsonen Saga" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saga_d%27Egill,_fils_de_Gr%C3%ADmr_le_Chauve" title="Saga d'Egill, fils de Grímr le Chauve – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Saga d'Egill, fils de Grímr le Chauve" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%90%EA%B8%B8%EC%9D%98_%EC%82%AC%EA%B0%80" title="에길의 사가 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="에길의 사가" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egils_saga" title="Egils saga – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Egils saga" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egils_saga" title="Egils saga – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Egils saga" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egila_s%C4%81gas" title="Egila sāgas – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Egila sāgas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egils_saga_Skallagr%C3%ADmssonar" title="Egils saga Skallagrímssonar – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Egils saga Skallagrímssonar" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egils_saga" title="Egils saga – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Egils saga" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%82%AE%E3%83%AB%E3%81%AE%E3%82%B5%E3%82%AC" title="エギルのサガ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エギルのサガ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egils_saga" title="Egils saga – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Egils saga" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egilssoga" title="Egilssoga – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Egilssoga" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saga_o_Egilu" title="Saga o Egilu – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Saga o Egilu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saga_de_Egil_Skallagrimsson" title="Saga de Egil Skallagrimsson – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Saga de Egil Skallagrimsson" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B1_%D0%AD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Сага об Эгиле – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сага об Эгиле" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Егилова сага – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Егилова сага" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egillin,_Kalju-Grimrinpojan_saaga" title="Egillin, Kalju-Grimrinpojan saaga – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Egillin, Kalju-Grimrinpojan saaga" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egil_Skallagrimssons_saga" title="Egil Skallagrimssons saga – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Egil Skallagrimssons saga" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egill%27in_Sagas%C4%B1" title="Egill'in Sagası – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Egill'in Sagası" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%95%D2%91%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Сага про Еґіля – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сага про Еґіля" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q827943#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs 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.hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about <i>Egils saga Skalla-Grímssonar</i>. For <i>Egils saga einhenda</i>, see <a href="/wiki/Egils_saga_einhenda_ok_%C3%81smundar_berserkjabana" title="Egils saga einhenda ok Ásmundar berserkjabana">Egils saga einhenda ok Ásmundar berserkjabana</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Egla" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Egla_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Egla (disambiguation)">Egla (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Egil_Skallagrimsson_17c_manuscript.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Egil_Skallagrimsson_17c_manuscript.jpg/200px-Egil_Skallagrimsson_17c_manuscript.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Egil_Skallagrimsson_17c_manuscript.jpg/300px-Egil_Skallagrimsson_17c_manuscript.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Egil_Skallagrimsson_17c_manuscript.jpg 2x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="421" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Egill_Skallagr%C3%ADmsson" title="Egill Skallagrímsson">Egill Skallagrímsson</a> in a 17th-century manuscript of <i>Egill's Saga</i></figcaption></figure> <p><i><b>Egill's Saga</b></i> or <i><b>Egil's saga</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Old_Norse_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Norse language">Old Norse</a>: <i lang="non"><b>Egils saga</b></i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="non-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[ˈeɣels<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈsɑɣɑ]</a></span>; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Icelandic pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="is-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Icelandic" title="Help:IPA/Icelandic">[ˈeijɪls<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈsaːɣa]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/d\/da\/Is-Egils_saga.oga\/Is-Egils_saga.oga.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Is-Egils saga.oga"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/da/Is-Egils_saga.oga/Is-Egils_saga.oga.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Is-Egils_saga.oga" title="File:Is-Egils saga.oga">ⓘ</a></sup></span>) is an <a href="/wiki/Icelandic_saga" class="mw-redirect" title="Icelandic saga">Icelandic saga</a> (family saga) on the lives of the clan of <a href="/wiki/Egill_Skallagr%C3%ADmsson" title="Egill Skallagrímsson">Egill Skallagrímsson</a> (Anglicised as Egill Skallagrimsson),<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an Icelandic farmer, <a href="/wiki/Viking" class="mw-redirect" title="Viking">viking</a> and <a href="/wiki/Skald" title="Skald">skald</a>. The saga spans the years c. 850–1000<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and traces the family's history from Egill's grandfather to his offspring. </p><p>Its oldest manuscript (a fragment) dates back to c. 1250 AD.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The saga comprises the sole source of information on the exploits of Egill, whose life is not historically recorded. Stylistic and other similarities between <i>Egill's Saga</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Heimskringla" title="Heimskringla">Heimskringla</a></i> have led many scholars to believe that they were the work of the same author, <a href="/wiki/Snorri_Sturluson" title="Snorri Sturluson">Snorri Sturluson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The work is generally referred to as <i><b>Egla</b></i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="is-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Icelandic" title="Help:IPA/Icelandic">[ˈɛkla]</a></span> by Icelandic scholars.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Synopsis">Synopsis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Egil%27s_Saga&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Synopsis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Egils_Norway.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A map including many of the locations Egil travels to" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Egils_Norway.png/320px-Egils_Norway.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="414" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Egils_Norway.png/480px-Egils_Norway.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Egils_Norway.png/640px-Egils_Norway.png 2x" data-file-width="1275" data-file-height="1650" /></a><figcaption>A reference map of Egill's Saga (Norway)</figcaption></figure> <p>The saga begins in Norway around 850, with the life of Egill's grandfather Ulf (<a href="/wiki/Kveldulf_Bjalfason" title="Kveldulf Bjalfason">Úlfr</a>) aka Kveldulf or "Evening Wolf", and his two sons Thorolf (Þórólfr) and Skallagrim (<a href="/wiki/Skalla-Gr%C3%ADmr" title="Skalla-Grímr">Skalla-Grímr</a>). Strife with the royal house drive the family out of the country, and they settle in Iceland. The brothers Egill and Thorolf Skallagrimsson are born. They have a tenuous tenure in Norway, but Egill is outlawed and they roam <a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavia</a> and serve the king of <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>. Egill tries to reclaim property back in Norway (as his wife's inheritance), but this is blocked, and Egill develops a personal <a href="/wiki/Feud" title="Feud">vendetta</a> against the King. </p><p>There are also vivid descriptions of his other fights and friendships, his relationship with his family (highlighted by his jealousy, as well as fondness for his older brother Thorolf), his old age,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the fate of his own son Thorstein (Þorsteinn, who was baptized once <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism">Roman Catholicism</a> came to Iceland) and his children, who had many children of their own. The saga ends around the year 1000 and spans many generations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kveldulf's_lineage"><span id="Kveldulf.27s_lineage"></span>Kveldulf's lineage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Egil%27s_Saga&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Kveldulf's lineage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ulf (Kveldulf) had <a href="/wiki/Hallbjorn_Halftroll" title="Hallbjorn Halftroll">Hallbjorn Halftroll</a> as his maternal uncle, and was known for his surpassing size and strength. He had accrued land and property from <a href="/wiki/Viking_raid_warfare_and_tactics" title="Viking raid warfare and tactics">viking raids</a>, and was a man of wisdom. He earned the nickname Kveldulf (Kveldúlfr, "Evening Wolf") because of his erratic temper at nightfall, and reputation for manifesting the so-called "shape-shifter" (<i>hamrammr</i>) abilities,<sup id="cite_ref-ch01_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ch01-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> explained in later chapters to be comparable (or equatable) with berserk fury.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ch27_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ch27-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Extreme personal traits like these are manifested by his son Skallagrim<sup id="cite_ref-skallagrim-fury_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-skallagrim-fury-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and his grandson Egill as well. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Strife_with_Harald_Fairhair_of_Norway">Strife with Harald Fairhair of Norway</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Egil%27s_Saga&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Strife with Harald Fairhair of Norway"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Thorolf_Kveldulfsson" title="Thorolf Kveldulfsson">Thorolf Kveldulfsson</a></div> <p>King <a href="/wiki/Harald_I_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Harald I of Norway">Harald Fairhair</a> (Haraldr Hárfagri) was warring to unite all of Norway. Kveldulf refused to assist the local king of <a href="/wiki/Fjordane" class="mw-redirect" title="Fjordane">Fjordane</a>, but rebuffed Harald's overtures as well, incurring his wrath. A compromise was mediated by <a href="/wiki/Olvir_Hnufa" title="Olvir Hnufa">Olvir Hnufa</a> (Ölvir hnúfa or "Olvir Hump"), Kveldulf's brother-in-law<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Harald's court poet: Kveldulf was to send his elder son Thorolf, as soon as he returned from viking expedition. Thorolf served the king well, but suspicion fell on him due to his becoming overly successful, exacerbated by words of slanderers. Thorolf was killed by the king who led a band of warriors, and the rift would force Skallagrim and his father Kveldulf to flee Norway to settle in <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a>. </p><p>Skallagrim journeyed to Harald's court seeking compensation for the death of his brother Thorolf, but offended the king and had to make a hasty exit empty-handed. Skallagrim and Kveldulf then recaptured a boat that had been seized from Thorolf, and after killing everyone on board, sent a taunting poem to the King.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the battle, Kveldulf displayed his "frenzy" (<i>hamrammr</i> or <i>hamremi</i>), which left him severely weakened. When the family emigrated to Iceland, Kveldulf did not survive the trip, and his coffin was set adrift. Near the spot where the coffin washed ashore in Iceland, Skallagrim established his settlement, which he named <a href="/wiki/Borg_%C3%A1_M%C3%BDrum" title="Borg á Mýrum">Borg</a>. He took up a peaceful livelihood as a farmer and blacksmith, and raised his sons, Thorolf (named Þórólfr after his slain brother), and Egill (the titular hero).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Skallagrim's_sons"><span id="Skallagrim.27s_sons"></span>Skallagrim's sons</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Egil%27s_Saga&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Skallagrim's sons"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Egil%27s_Iceland.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A map showing locations of key character's homes and important events" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Egil%27s_Iceland.png/400px-Egil%27s_Iceland.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Egil%27s_Iceland.png/600px-Egil%27s_Iceland.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Egil%27s_Iceland.png/800px-Egil%27s_Iceland.png 2x" data-file-width="1650" data-file-height="1275" /></a><figcaption>A reference map of Egill's Saga zoomed in on Western Iceland (Borgarfjord)</figcaption></figure> <p>The saga then proceeds to describe the lives of Thorolf and Egill Skallagrimsson, born in Iceland, and eventually making their way to Norway in adulthood. Thorolf visited Skallagrim's old friend in Norway, Thorir the <a href="/wiki/Hersir" title="Hersir">Hersir</a> (Þórir Hróaldsson).<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Here Thorolf befriended Prince <a href="/wiki/Eir%C3%ADkr_Bloodaxe" class="mw-redirect" title="Eiríkr Bloodaxe">Eirik Bloodaxe</a>, Harald's favorite son and Thorir's fosterling. He approached the prince with a gift of a painted warship that Eirik was admiring, on advice of Bjorn (Björn Brynjólfsson), Thorir's brother-in-law.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Afterwards Eirik Bloodaxe was crowned co-king,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and as Thorolf headed home to Iceland, the king gave him a gold-inlaid ax as a gift to Skallagrim. Skallagrim abused the ax (named "King's Gift" or <i>konungsnautr</i>) and shattered it, reciting an insulting poem about it to Thorolf and handing back what was left of the axe, a sooty handle with a rusted blade.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thorolf flung the axe overboard, but reported to King Eirik that his father was grateful for the axe, presenting a bolt of <a href="/wiki/Longship" title="Longship">longship</a> <a href="/wiki/Sail_cloth" class="mw-redirect" title="Sail cloth">sail cloth</a> pretended to be from Skallagrim.<sup id="cite_ref-ch41_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ch41-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this way Thorolf managed to somewhat keep the peace between Skallagrim and King Eirik Bloodaxe. </p><p>Egill's boyhood foreshadowed his future rebelliousness and poetic prowess. At the age of three, his unbridled behavior when drunk and strength beyond his age earned him a stay at home, ordered by his father, when a feast was held by Yngvar (Egill's maternal grandfather). Egill defiantly rode a horse to attend, following his father and company from afar, and composed his first <a href="/wiki/Skaldic_poem" class="mw-redirect" title="Skaldic poem">skaldic verse</a>. At the age of seven while playing in the ball games (<i><a href="/wiki/Knattleikr" title="Knattleikr">knattleikr</a></i>), he committed his first murder (axe-killing an older boy who outclassed him in the sport).<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ch41_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ch41-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the time Egill was twelve very few grown men could compete with him in games, but when he and his friend<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> challenged his father one day, Skallagrim manifested such strength at nightfall that he slammed the friend dead against the ground. Egill's life was only saved when Egill's fostra (a female slave that had acted as Egill's nurse as a child) tried to calm Skallagrim down and was killed instead.<sup id="cite_ref-skallagrim-fury_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-skallagrim-fury-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Egill got so upset that he killed one of his father's favorite slaves in return, and as a result the two were not on speaking terms for the following winter.<sup id="cite_ref-ch41_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ch41-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conflict_with_Eirik_Bloodaxe_over_ale">Conflict with Eirik Bloodaxe over ale</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Egil%27s_Saga&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Conflict with Eirik Bloodaxe over ale"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The summer after Egill's father killed his friend, Thorolf came home to visit Iceland. Egill forcibly insisted on accompanying Thorolf back to Norway, although Thorolf was reluctant.<sup id="cite_ref-ch41_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ch41-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On this trip, Thorolf took his prospective wife, Asgerd (Ásgerðr Bjarnardóttir), who had been reared in Iceland,<sup id="cite_ref-Scudder_2000_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scudder_2000-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to ask her father Bjorn and uncle Thorir for permission to marry. While staying with Thorir, Egill became attached to Thorir's son Arinbjorn (Arinbjörn Þórisson), an important figure in the saga and Egill's lifelong friend.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Egill missed the wedding on account of illness,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>j<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and joined Thorir's men on an errand in <a href="/wiki/Atl%C3%B8y" class="mw-redirect" title="Atløy">Atloy</a>, where he was slighted by the king's steward Bard (Bárðr), and wound up killing him. When Bard received Egill's party, he would only serve curd (<a href="/wiki/Skyr" title="Skyr">skyr</a>) to drink, pretending ale had run out.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>k<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But later that night when king and queen arrived for the feast to the <a href="/wiki/D%C3%ADsir" class="mw-redirect" title="Dísir">dísir</a>, ale was served plentifully. Egill relentlessly jibed Bard about the deceit with sarcastic poetry, and his unquenchable thirst embarrassed the host. Bard and the queen sent Egill a poisoned drink, but the attempt was foiled by Egill, who inscribed runes on the horn and besmeared it with his own blood, causing the horn to shatter. Egill then went up to Bard and stabbed him to death with his sword. Discovering Egill had fled, Eirik ordered an unsuccessful manhunt to have Egill killed, and lost several men. Despite the affront, Eirik was persuaded by Thorir (his foster-father) to settle this by compensation.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mercenary_service_in_England,_Thorolf_falls_in_battle"><span id="Mercenary_service_in_England.2C_Thorolf_falls_in_battle"></span>Mercenary service in England, Thorolf falls in battle</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Egil%27s_Saga&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Mercenary service in England, Thorolf falls in battle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While raiding near Frisia, Egill and Thorolf hear that King <a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelstan" title="Æthelstan">Æthelstan</a> of England is in need of warriors. The brothers and their men sail to England to join the armies of the English king, are placed in charge of the Scandinavian contingent of Æthelstan's forces. The saga here displays contact with English historical tradition, correctly providing Æthelstan's lineage and offering only one of two instances of <a href="/wiki/Alfred_the_Great" title="Alfred the Great">King Alfred</a> being called 'the Great' outside of English sources.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The battle that follows the brothers' arrival in England, named Vínheiðr in the text, is widely accepted as being the same as the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brunanburh" title="Battle of Brunanburh">Battle of Brunanburh</a>, from which Æthelstan emerged victorious in 937.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The saga identifies the primary antagonist at Vínheiðr as "Olaf the Red of Scotland", who appears to be a conflation of the Æthelstan's historical opponents, <a href="/wiki/Constantine_II_of_Scotland" title="Constantine II of Scotland">Constantine II of Scotland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Olaf_Guthfrithson" title="Olaf Guthfrithson">Olaf Guthfrithson</a>, a Hiberno-Norse <a href="/wiki/U%C3%AD_%C3%8Dmair" title="Uí Ímair">Uí Ímair</a> dynast.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Egill and Thorolf are instrumental in Æthelstan's victory; however, Thorolf is killed on the second day of battle. In the aftermath of the conflict, Æthelstan gives Egill two chest of silver in compensation for Thorolf's death, intending that they be passed on to Skallagrim. Egill, however, keeps the silver for himself along with an arm-ring that the king passes him at sword-point at the victory feast.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Egill stays at Æthelstan's court for the winter, during which time he composes a <a href="/wiki/Dr%C3%A1pa" class="mw-redirect" title="Drápa">drápa</a> in praise of the king. Æthelstan rewards Egill with yet two more gold arm-rings as well as an expensive cloak that the king himself had worn. At Egill's parting, Æthelstan expresses a wish that he would stay permanently in his service, an offer which Egill declines. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inheritance_case_at_the_Gula-Thing">Inheritance case at the Gula-Thing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Egil%27s_Saga&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Inheritance case at the Gula-Thing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Egill married his brother Thorolf's widow, Asgerd.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some time later, Asgerd's father Bjorn the Wealthy died in Norway, but she received no inheritance, the entire estate having been claimed by Berg-Onund, married to Gunnhild Bjarnardottir (Asgerd's half-sister). Egill wanted to claim half-share for his wife, but the prospect was bleak because Berg-Onund was a favorite of Eirik and his consort Gunnhild. The case was argued at the <a href="/wiki/Gulating" title="Gulating">Gulaþing</a> assembly, where Berg-Onund asserted that Asgerd as a slave-woman entitled to no share (due to the circumstance that her mother eloped without her kinsmen's consent). Asbjorn countered with witnesses swearing that Asgerd was acknowledged as heiress, but the processing was blocked by Queen Gunnhild who ordered a henchmen to disrupt the assembly. Egill made threat against anyone who tried to make use of the disputed farm, and fled by ship. Eirik pursued with a fleet, and a skirmish ensued.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eirik's_power,_cursed_by_Egill"><span id="Eirik.27s_power.2C_cursed_by_Egill"></span>Eirik's power, cursed by Egill</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Egil%27s_Saga&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Eirik's power, cursed by Egill"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Harald Fairhair dies, and Eirik becomes King of Norway, eliminating two of his brothers who were rivals to the crown. Eirik declares Egill an outlaw to be killed on sight, and Egill vows vengeance, especially against the manipulative queen. Egill's movements are under surveillance, and when he appears to leave the country, Berg-Onund dismissed the men he had gathered for protection and traveled not far from his home (<a href="/wiki/Ask,_Hordaland" class="mw-redirect" title="Ask, Hordaland">Ask</a>) to the king's farm at <a href="/wiki/%C3%85rstad,_Bergen" title="Årstad, Bergen">Aarstad</a>. By chance, calm winds force Egill back to shore to the same location. Egill commits massacre, killing Onund, as well as Eirik's 10 year-old prince Rognvald. To top it off, Egill erects a scorn-pole (<a href="/wiki/Nithing_pole" title="Nithing pole">Nithing pole</a>) with a horse head mounted on top, laying a curse that the nature spirits drive King Eirik and Queen Gunnhild away from Norway.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The hoped-for outcome of the curse does become reality. </p><p>The saga makes note of the death of Skallagrim, Egill's father.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Head-Ransom">Head-Ransom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Egil%27s_Saga&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Head-Ransom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Eric_Bloodaxe" title="Eric Bloodaxe">Eirik</a> ruled just 1 year before being ousted as Norwegian king by his brother <a href="/wiki/Haakon_the_Good" title="Haakon the Good">Hakon</a> the fosterling of King <a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelstan" title="Æthelstan">Æthelstan</a> in England. Eirik left Norway with his family, and eventually appointed king over <a href="/wiki/Northumbria" title="Northumbria">Northumbria</a> by Æthelstan of England.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>l<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two years later, Egill sailed to England intending to see Æthelstan and was captured by Eirik Bloodaxe. Eirik was furious, but Arinbjorn Thorisson convinced Eirik to spare Egill's life if he could compose a poem in his honor. Egill succeeded (by reciting <i><a href="/wiki/H%C7%ABfu%C3%B0lausn_(Egill)" title="Hǫfuðlausn (Egill)">Höfuðlausn</a></i> or "Head Ransom"), and Eirik allowed him to leave on condition that he never appeared again before Eirik's sight.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Egill made his way to see King Æthelstan, who was fostering Thorstein (Þorsteinn), a kinsman of Arinbjorn. While visiting, word arrived from Norway that Thorstein's father died leaving him a large inheritance. Þorsteinn, Arinbjorn and Egill made plans to sail to Norway to claim Thorsteinn's share. Before they leave, King Æthelstan convinced Egill to move to England and command his armies after their task is completed. </p><p>Egill returned to Iceland and spent a few years with his family. During this time, both Kings Æthelstan and Eirik Bloodaxe died, leaving Eirik's brother Hakon ruler of Norway. Egill returned to Norway to claim lands won in a duel with Atli the Short on behalf of his wife Asgerd. Along the way Egill stayed with Arinbjorn, whom he convinces to go to King Hákon on his behalf. Hákon denied Egill's claim, so Arinbjorn compensated Egill with forty marks of silver. </p><p>Egill and Arinbjörn went raiding in Saxony and Frisia, after which they stayed with Thorstein Thoruson (Þorsteinn Þóruson). King Hakon requested Thorstein to collect tribute in <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4rmland" title="Värmland">Värmland</a> or be sentenced to outlawry. Egill went in Thorsteinn's place. Egill traveled with some of King Hákon's men to Värmland and fought battles, Egill killing many times more foes than his companions. </p><p>Egill lived to be an old age. Arinbjörn became a close advisor to <a href="/wiki/Harald_Eir%C3%ADksson" class="mw-redirect" title="Harald Eiríksson">Harald Eiríksson</a>, to whom Egill composed a poem. Egill's son Bodvar (Böðvar) died in a shipwreck. Egill composed a poem in his honor. Egill's son Thorsteinn has many feuds with Steinar, son of Onund Sjoni (Önundr sjóni Ánason), over land and cattle grazing. Egill became frail and blind. His one last wish was to travel to the Althing and toss silver he received from King Æthelstan for the people to fight over. When he was denied this, he commanded two enslaved men to help him conceal his <a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">silver</a> treasure. After this act, he killed the two men to conceal the location and to punish his son-in-law.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> near <a href="/wiki/Mosfellsb%C3%A6r" title="Mosfellsbær">Mosfellsbær</a>, giving birth to the legend of <i>Silfur Egils</i> ("Egill's Silver"). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interpretation">Interpretation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Egil%27s_Saga&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Interpretation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BorgEgilsSaga.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/BorgEgilsSaga.jpg/200px-BorgEgilsSaga.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/BorgEgilsSaga.jpg/300px-BorgEgilsSaga.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/BorgEgilsSaga.jpg/400px-BorgEgilsSaga.jpg 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="329" /></a><figcaption> A view of <a href="/wiki/Borg_%C3%A1_M%C3%BDrum" title="Borg á Mýrum">Borg á Mýrum</a> where <a href="/wiki/Egill_Skallagr%C3%ADmsson" title="Egill Skallagrímsson">Egill Skallagrímsson</a> spent much of his life.</figcaption></figure> <p>The character of Egill is complex and full of seeming contradictions.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His multifaceted nature reflects the extreme qualities of his family, a family of men who are either ugly or astoundingly handsome; a family which includes 'shape-shifters', who become suddenly mad, violent and cruel, though they may at other times be deliberate and wise; a family which neither submits to the will of kings, nor stands in open rebellion.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His character is also reflected in the storytelling conventions of the text, a difficult text populated by characters with similar or identical names, living out various permutations of very similar stories. The two handsome Thorolfs (Þórólfs) die heroic deaths, while their brothers Skallagrim and Egill both die in old age after spitefully burying their wealth in the wilderness. The descendants of Kveldúlfr find themselves involved in two complicated inheritance feuds, at one time rejecting the claims of illegitimate children of a second marriage, and at another time claiming land on behalf of another illegitimate child born to similar circumstances.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At times in <i>Egill's saga</i> Egill comes across as a brute who often acts quickly and irrationally for no reason. He appears to be a shallow creature and in many instances the only time he appears to put much thought into anything is when he composes and recites poetry. Egill is in reality a man of many virtues which are central to his character. He values honor, loyalty, respect, and friendship above all other things. He takes it as a great personal insult when someone breaks any of these values and as a result he typically destroys that person either through physical force or through poetry. His reactions are usually on a grand scale to the point where they are often outrageous and entertaining. The value code by which Egill lived was the same as that of many Scandinavians at the time of the story's composition. The story is set in a time when many people were migrating, most notably from Norway to Iceland. Life was harsh, particularly during the long, cold winters, when it was crucial for people to get along and work together. </p><p>Poetry is used throughout most of the saga and Egill is a master of the art. <i>Egill's Saga</i> takes place during a time of <a href="/wiki/Oral_tradition" title="Oral tradition">oral tradition</a>. Poetry was used to establish a person's reputation for good or evil, and a great poem could make its characters immortal. Rulers valued poets for their ability to make or break a man, increasing his fame or besmirching his good name. As a poet, Egill was a powerful and valued man. </p><p>One of the first negative poems in <i>Egill's saga</i> is a threatening poem in chapter 27 that displays Skallagrim's power after he had just plundered a ship and killed many men.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, in chapter 38, Skallagrim composes an insulting poem about King Eirik after the king had given Skallagrim a gift not commensurate with his worth.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In chapters 55 and 81, Egill composes two powerful poems that show how grief-stricken he is when his brother Thorolfr and his son Bodvar die.<sup id="cite_ref-Green51_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Green51-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Green81_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Green81-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These poems are also meant to honor the two. These are only a few examples of the many poems in the saga which portray people in a positive or negative light. </p><p>There are also poems which show a much softer side to the Icelandic male characters. One of these is in chapter 55 when King Æthelstan acknowledges the death of Egill's brother, Thorolfr, caused by the King's error in judgement.<sup id="cite_ref-Green51_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Green51-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Egill thanks the king with a number of praise poems showing how considerate and generous the king is. We see a very different side of Egill in chapter 56 when he declares his secret love for his future wife, in a love poem.<sup id="cite_ref-Green51_54-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Green51-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In chapters 60–62, Egill is confronted with a situation where he must greet King Eirik, with whom he is on bad terms. King Eirik wants Egill dead and at the urging of his friend Arinbjorn, Egill composes a drápa (one of the most complicated forms of poetry) of 20 stanzas praising the king. Thanks to the poem, named Höfuðlausn (Head-Ransom) Egill is allowed to leave Eiríkr's court alive, since killing him would make Eiríkr look like a fool. In chapter 80, Egill composes another praise poem of 25 stanzas expressing his gratitude towards his lifelong friend Arinbjörn for saving his life in his meeting with King Eiríkr.<sup id="cite_ref-Green81_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Green81-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These more positive poems show us a kinder side to the typically rough and violent people of <i>Egill's saga</i>. </p><p>As a work of literature, <i>Egill's Saga</i> is generally considered to be amongst the best of the <a href="/wiki/Icelandic_sagas" class="mw-redirect" title="Icelandic sagas">Icelandic sagas</a>, along with <i><a href="/wiki/Nj%C3%A1ls_saga" title="Njáls saga">Njáls saga</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/G%C3%ADsla_saga" title="Gísla saga">Gísla saga Súrssonar</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Laxd%C3%A6la_saga" title="Laxdæla saga">Laxdæla saga</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characters">Characters</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Egil%27s_Saga&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Characters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A detailed family tree connecting major and minor characters through blood and marriage can be found <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.familyecho.com/?p=START&c=ccftdj2fhd&f=694233220906786734">here</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Editions">Editions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Egil%27s_Saga&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Editions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Nordal, Sigurður (ed.), <i>Egils saga Skallagrímssonar</i>, Íslenzk fornrit, 2 (Reykjavík, 1933)</li> <li>Guðni Jónsson (ed.), <i>Egils saga Skalla-grímssonar</i> (Reykjavík: Bókaútgáfa Menningarsjóðs og þjóðvinafélagsins, 1945) (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heimskringla.no/wiki/Egils_saga_Skalla-Gr%C3%ADmssonar">heimskringla.no</a>)</li> <li>Bergljót Kristjánsdóttir and Svanhildur Óskarsdóttir (eds), <i>Egils saga: Með formála, viðaukum, skýringum og skrám</i>, Sígildar sögur, 2 (Reykjavík: Mál og menning, 1994) (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikisaga.hi.is/index.php?title=Main_Page">wikisaga.hi.is</a>)</li> <li>Bjarni Einarsson (ed.), <i>Egils saga</i> (London: Viking Society for Northern Research, 2003) (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Egla/Egils_saga.pdf">pdf</a>)</li> <li>Modernised spelling (source unclear) (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.snerpa.is/net/isl/egils.htm">snerpa</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Translations">Translations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Egil%27s_Saga&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Translations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGreen1893" class="citation book cs1">Green, W. C. (1893). <i>The Story of Egil Skallagrimsson</i>. London: Elliot Stock.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+Egil+Skallagrimsson&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Elliot+Stock&rft.date=1893&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=W.+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEgil%27s+Saga" class="Z3988"></span> ( <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikisaga.hi.is/index.php?title=Main_Page">wikisaga.hi.is</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sagadb.org/egils_saga.en">sagadb.org</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEddison1930" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/E._R._Eddison" title="E. R. Eddison">Eddison, E. R.</a> (1930). <i>Egil's Saga</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Egil%27s+Saga&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1930&rft.aulast=Eddison&rft.aufirst=E.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEgil%27s+Saga" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones1960" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gwyn_Jones_(author)" title="Gwyn Jones (author)">Jones, Gwyn</a> (1960). <i>Egil's Saga</i>. New York: Twayne: The American Scandinavian Foundation.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Egil%27s+Saga&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Twayne%3A+The+American+Scandinavian+Foundation&rft.date=1960&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Gwyn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEgil%27s+Saga" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFell1975" class="citation book cs1">Fell, Christine (1975). <i>Egil's Saga</i>. London: Dent. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0460872656" title="Special:BookSources/0460872656"><bdi>0460872656</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Egil%27s+Saga&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Dent&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=0460872656&rft.aulast=Fell&rft.aufirst=Christine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEgil%27s+Saga" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPálssonEdwards1976" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hermann_P%C3%A1lsson" title="Hermann Pálsson">Pálsson, Hermann</a>; <a href="/wiki/Paul_Edwards_(literary_scholar)" title="Paul Edwards (literary scholar)">Edwards, Paul</a> (1976). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/egilssaga00snor"><i>Egil's Saga</i></a></span>. Harmondsworth: Penguin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0140443215" title="Special:BookSources/0140443215"><bdi>0140443215</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Egil%27s+Saga&rft.place=Harmondsworth&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=0140443215&rft.aulast=P%C3%A1lsson&rft.aufirst=Hermann&rft.au=Edwards%2C+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fegilssaga00snor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEgil%27s+Saga" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScudder1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Scudder" title="Bernard Scudder">Scudder, Bernard</a> (1997). "Egil's Saga". In Hreinsson, Viðar (ed.). <i>The Complete Sagas of Icelanders Including 49 Tales. Volume 1</i>. Reykjavík: Leifur Eiríksson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9979929308" title="Special:BookSources/9979929308"><bdi>9979929308</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Egil%27s+Saga&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Sagas+of+Icelanders+Including+49+Tales.+Volume+1&rft.place=Reykjav%C3%ADk&rft.pub=Leifur+Eir%C3%ADksson&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9979929308&rft.aulast=Scudder&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEgil%27s+Saga" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScudder2000" class="citation book cs1">Scudder, Bernard (trans.) (2000) [1997]. "Egil's Saga". In Örnólfur Thorsson (ed.). <i>The Sagas of Icelanders: A Selection</i>. Smiley, Jane (preface), Kellogg, Robert (Introduction). New York: Penguin. pp. <span class="nowrap">3–</span>184. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9979929308" title="Special:BookSources/9979929308"><bdi>9979929308</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Egil%27s+Saga&rft.btitle=The+Sagas+of+Icelanders%3A+A+Selection&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E3-%3C%2Fspan%3E184&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9979929308&rft.aulast=Scudder&rft.aufirst=Bernard+%28trans.%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEgil%27s+Saga" class="Z3988"></span> <ul><li>Repr. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScudder2004" class="citation book cs1">Scudder, Bernard (2004). <i>Egil's Saga</i>. London: Penguin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0140447709" title="Special:BookSources/0140447709"><bdi>0140447709</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Egil%27s+Saga&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0140447709&rft.aulast=Scudder&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEgil%27s+Saga" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Egil%27s_Saga&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Laurence de Looze, Jón Karl Helgason, Russell Poole and Torfi H. Tulinius (eds.). 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3138/j.ctvg253x8"><i>Egill, the Viking Poet: New Approaches to 'Egill's Saga'</i>.</a> University of Toronto Press.</li> <li>Santiago Barreiro, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/360663517_Personal_Memory_Family_Memory_Collective_Memory_The_Parting_Gifts_in_Egils_saga_chapter_61">Personal Memory, Family Memory, Collective Memory? The Parting Gifts in Egils saga, chapter 61</a>", Scandinavian-Canadian Studies 28 (2021): 204-229.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Egil%27s_Saga&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Egil%27s_Saga" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Egil's Saga">Egil's Saga</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikisaga.hi.is">Parallel texts in Icelandic and English with annotated bibliography</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.viking.ucla.edu/Scientific_American/Egils_Bones.htm">An analysis of the Paget's Disease theory</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usask.ca/english/icelanders/proverbs_EGS.html">Proverbs in <i>Egills saga</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160508220317/http://www.usask.ca/english/icelanders/proverbs_EGS.html">Archived</a> 2016-05-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSayers2016" class="citation cs2">Sayers, William (2016), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/634083/summary">"Verbal Expedients and Transformative Utterances in Episodes of Egils saga Skallagrímssonar"</a>, <i>Scandinavian Studies</i>, <b>88</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">144–</span>176</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+Studies&rft.atitle=Verbal+Expedients+and+Transformative+Utterances+in+Episodes+of+Egils+saga+Skallagr%C3%ADmssonar&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E144-%3C%2Fspan%3E176&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Sayers&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Farticle%2F634083%2Fsummary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEgil%27s+Saga" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZRQYAAAAYAAJ&q=Egils+Saga">The Story of Egil Skallagrimsson</a></i>. Tran. Rev. W.C. Green. London, 1893.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Explanatory_notes">Explanatory notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Egil%27s_Saga&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Explanatory notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See, for example, E. R. Eddison to Jón Stefánsson 7 March 1927 (Reykjavík, National Library of Iceland, Lbs 3426 4to):'I am two-thirds of the way through my translation of <i>Egla</i>, and my mind is much occupied (in such leisure moments as I have) with that magnificent classic'.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-skallagrim-fury-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-skallagrim-fury_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-skallagrim-fury_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">It has been noted Skallagrim assumed the "shape-shifter's fury" when he nearly killed Egil.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This event occurred in chapter 41, when he has already killed Egil's friend Thord (Þórðr Granason). Kveldulf manifested amazing strength, but nothing is stated about a change in appearance.<sup id="cite_ref-ch41_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ch41-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Olvir was the son of Kveldulf's close friend Kari (Kari from Berle, a berserk). Kveldulf married Kari's daughter Salbjorg.<sup id="cite_ref-ch01_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ch01-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In fact, Thorir was Skallagrim's foster-brother.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bjorn had carried off Thorir's sister, and obtained consent for marriage after the fact. In the meanwhile, Bjorn had to flee, and was indebted to the hospitality of Thorolf's family in Iceland.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bjorn's daughter, fostered with Skallagrim in Iceland, later became Thorir's wife (and afterward Egil's).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">King over parts of Norway, Harald was not dead.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Egil proved a sore loser and struck with his bat the boy who was named Grim (Grímr). Grim shoved him to the ground, and after consulting his friend Thord (Þórðr Granason), Egil took revenge by driving an axe through Grim's head.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thord (Þórðr Granason)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sayers observes Egil must have faked an illness to skip the wedding, since he was already in love with Asgerd.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESayers2016149_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESayers2016149-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Actually Bard also served another beverage that was not ale, called <i>afr</i>. This is translated "<a href="/wiki/Whey" title="Whey">whey</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-Scudder_2000_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scudder_2000-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but in ancient times it meant an oat-brewed ale.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eirik made alliance by marrying his daughter to Arnfinn, <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Orkney" title="Earl of Orkney">Earl of Orkney</a>, and was raiding Scotland. Æthelstan mustered a host and then made this arrangement with Eirik</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Egil%27s_Saga&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Citations</dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFScudder2000">Scudder 2000</a> trans., Chapter 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFScudder2000">Scudder 2000</a>, p. 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onp.ku.dk/onp/onp.php?r11360">"Egils saga Skalla-Grímssonar"</a>. <i>ONP: Dictionary of Old Norse Prose</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ONP%3A+Dictionary+of+Old+Norse+Prose&rft.atitle=Egils+saga+Skalla-Gr%C3%ADmssonar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonp.ku.dk%2Fonp%2Fonp.php%3Fr11360&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEgil%27s+Saga" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPálssonEdwards1976">Pálsson & Edwards 1976</a>, p. 7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEinarsson1957" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stef%C3%A1n_Einarsson" title="Stefán Einarsson">Einarsson, Stefán</a> (1957). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyoficeland00stef"><i>A History of Icelandic Literature</i></a></span>. New York: Johns Hopkins Press for the American-Scandinavian Foundation. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyoficeland00stef/page/140">140</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0801801869" title="Special:BookSources/0801801869"><bdi>0801801869</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Icelandic+Literature&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=140&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+Press+for+the+American-Scandinavian+Foundation&rft.date=1957&rft.isbn=0801801869&rft.aulast=Einarsson&rft.aufirst=Stef%C3%A1n&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryoficeland00stef&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEgil%27s+Saga" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTulinius" class="citation web cs1">Tulinius, Torfi. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ecommons.cornell.edu/handle/1813/55757">"Islandica 57: The Enigma of Egill: The Saga, the Viking Poet, and Snorri Sturluson"</a>. <i>ecommons.cornell.edu</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191119085608/https://ecommons.cornell.edu/handle/1813/55757">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-11-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ecommons.cornell.edu&rft.atitle=Islandica+57%3A+The+Enigma+of+Egill%3A+The+Saga%2C+the+Viking+Poet%2C+and+Snorri+Sturluson&rft.aulast=Tulinius&rft.aufirst=Torfi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fecommons.cornell.edu%2Fhandle%2F1813%2F55757&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEgil%27s+Saga" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">On this see Ármann Jakobsson, “<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/1348102/_The_Specter_of_Old_Age_Nasty_Old_Men_in_the_Sagas_of_Icelanders_Journal_of_English_and_Germanic_Philology_104_2005_297_325">The Specter of Old Age: Nasty Old Men in the Sagas of Icelanders</a>,” <i>Journal of English and Germanic Philology</i> 104 (2005), 297–325; and Thomas Morcom, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/37885966/After_Adulthood_The_Metamorphoses_of_the_Elderly_in_the_Íslendingasögur_Saga_Book_42_2018_25_50">After Adulthood: The Metamorphoses of the Elderly in the Íslendingasögur</a>", <i>Saga-Book</i>, 42 (2018), 25-50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ch01-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ch01_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ch01_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFScudder2000">Scudder 2000</a> trans., Chapter 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The term <i>hamrammr</i> is translated as "animal character", and its substantive form <i>hamremi</i> as "frenzy" (chapter 27).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ch27-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ch27_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFScudder2000">Scudder 2000</a> trans., Chapter 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zoega, <i>Icelandic Dictionary</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lIeDbGjNrtwC&pg=PA183">p. 183</a>: "<i>hamrammr</i>, (1) shapeshifter or (2) "seized with warlike fury" (berserks-gangr)"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFScudder2000">Scudder 2000</a>, preface, p. 6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ch41-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ch41_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ch41_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ch41_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ch41_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ch41_14-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFScudder2000">Scudder 2000</a> trans., Chapter 41</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFScudder2000">Scudder 2000</a> trans., Chapters 24, 25, 26, 27</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFScudder2000">Scudder 2000</a> trans., Chapter 28</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFScudder2000">Scudder 2000</a> trans., Chapter 25, p. 43</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFScudder2000">Scudder 2000</a> trans., Chapter 36</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFScudder2000">Scudder 2000</a> trans., Chapter 38</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Scudder_2000-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Scudder_2000_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Scudder_2000_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFScudder2000">Scudder 2000</a> trans., Chapter 35</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESayers2016149-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESayers2016149_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESayers2016149_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSayers2016">Sayers (2016)</a>, p. 149.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Arinbjorn is to become mediator between Egil's family and the royal house, as Olvir had been in the previous generation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESayers2016149_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESayers2016149-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cleasby and Vigfusson, <i>Icelandic Dictionary</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NTVoAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA40">p. 40</a>: "<i>Áfr</i> (perh. better <i>afr</i>) 1. a beverage, Eg. 204, translated by Magnaeus by <i>sorbitio avenacea</i> [beverage of oat] a sort of common ale brewed of oats".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFScudder2000">Scudder 2000</a> trans., Chapters 42–45</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFirth2024" class="citation journal cs1">Firth, Matthew (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fehr%2Fceae078">"What's in a Name? Tracing the Origins of Alfred's 'the Great'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>English Historical Review</i>. <b>139</b> (596): <span class="nowrap">1–</span>32. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fehr%2Fceae078">10.1093/ehr/ceae078</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1477-4534">1477-4534</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=English+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=What%27s+in+a+Name%3F+Tracing+the+Origins+of+Alfred%27s+%27the+Great%27&rft.volume=139&rft.issue=596&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E32&rft.date=2024&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fehr%2Fceae078&rft.issn=1477-4534&rft.aulast=Firth&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Fehr%252Fceae078&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEgil%27s+Saga" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFirth2023" class="citation book cs1">Firth, Matthew (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/studies-in-medieval-and-renaissance-history/memories-of-viking-age-cultural-contact-england-in-the-islendingasogur/ACCEA833872E9A4C683516DAF7819D5E">"Memories of Viking Age Cultural Contact: England in the Íslendingasögur"</a>. In Rosenthal, Joel T.; Blanton, Virginia (eds.). <i>Studies in Medieval and Renaissance History</i>. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">18–</span>19. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2F9781802701081.002">10.1017/9781802701081.002</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781802701081" title="Special:BookSources/9781802701081"><bdi>9781802701081</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Memories+of+Viking+Age+Cultural+Contact%3A+England+in+the+%C3%8Dslendingas%C3%B6gur&rft.btitle=Studies+in+Medieval+and+Renaissance+History&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E18-%3C%2Fspan%3E19&rft.pub=Amsterdam+University+Press&rft.date=2023&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2F9781802701081.002&rft.isbn=9781802701081&rft.aulast=Firth&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fbooks%2Fabs%2Fstudies-in-medieval-and-renaissance-history%2Fmemories-of-viking-age-cultural-contact-england-in-the-islendingasogur%2FACCEA833872E9A4C683516DAF7819D5E&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEgil%27s+Saga" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelly2011" class="citation book cs1">Kelly, A. Keith (2011). "Truth and a Good Story: Egils saga and Brunanburh". In Livingstone, Michael (ed.). <i>The Battle of Brunanburh: A Casebook</i>. Exeter: Exeter University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">305–</span>314. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780859898638" title="Special:BookSources/9780859898638"><bdi>9780859898638</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Truth+and+a+Good+Story%3A+Egils+saga+and+Brunanburh&rft.btitle=The+Battle+of+Brunanburh%3A+A+Casebook&rft.place=Exeter&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E305-%3C%2Fspan%3E314&rft.pub=Exeter+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780859898638&rft.aulast=Kelly&rft.aufirst=A.+Keith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEgil%27s+Saga" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHalloran2005" class="citation journal cs1">Halloran, Kevin (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25529849">"The Brunanburh Campaign: A Reappraisal"</a>. <i>Scottish Historical Review</i>. <b>84</b> (218): <span class="nowrap">140–</span>143. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3366%2Fshr.2005.84.2.133">10.3366/shr.2005.84.2.133</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0036-9241">0036-9241</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25529849">25529849</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scottish+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=The+Brunanburh+Campaign%3A+A+Reappraisal&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=218&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E140-%3C%2Fspan%3E143&rft.date=2005&rft.issn=0036-9241&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25529849%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3366%2Fshr.2005.84.2.133&rft.aulast=Halloran&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25529849&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEgil%27s+Saga" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoot2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Foot" title="Sarah Foot">Foot, Sarah</a> (2011). <i>Æthelstan: The First King of England</i>. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">169–</span>170. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-3001-2535-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-3001-2535-1"><bdi>978-0-3001-2535-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%C3%86thelstan%3A+The+First+King+of+England&rft.place=New+Haven+and+London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E169-%3C%2Fspan%3E170&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-3001-2535-1&rft.aulast=Foot&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEgil%27s+Saga" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEinarsson1975" class="citation book cs1">Einarsson, Bjarni (1975). <i>Litterære forudsætninger for Egils saga</i>. Reykjavík: Stofnun Árna Magnússonar. pp. <span class="nowrap">240–</span>241. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/654751934">654751934</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Litter%C3%A6re+foruds%C3%A6tninger+for+Egils+saga&rft.place=Reykjav%C3%ADk&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E240-%3C%2Fspan%3E241&rft.pub=Stofnun+%C3%81rna+Magn%C3%BAssonar&rft.date=1975&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F654751934&rft.aulast=Einarsson&rft.aufirst=Bjarni&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEgil%27s+Saga" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFScudder2000">Scudder 2000</a> trans., Chapters 54–55</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFScudder2000">Scudder 2000</a> trans., Chapter 56</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFScudder2000">Scudder 2000</a> trans., Chapter 57, Chapters 33–34; <a href="#CITEREFPálssonEdwards1976">Pálsson & Edwards 1976</a>, Ch. 33–34: "Bjorn had eloped with Thora against her kinsmen's wishes, and as a result the King had made him an outlaw in Norway."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFScudder2000">Scudder 2000</a> trans., Chapter 58</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFScudder2000">Scudder 2000</a> trans., Chapter 59</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFScudder2000">Scudder 2000</a> trans., Chapters 60–61</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTirosh2020" class="citation journal cs1">Tirosh, Yoav (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/60144627">"Deafness and Nonspeaking in Late Medieval Iceland (1200–1550)"</a>. <i>Viator</i>. <b>51</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">311–</span>344. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1484%2FJ.VIATOR.5.127050">10.1484/J.VIATOR.5.127050</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0083-5897">0083-5897</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Viator&rft.atitle=Deafness+and+Nonspeaking+in+Late+Medieval+Iceland+%281200%E2%80%931550%29&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E311-%3C%2Fspan%3E344&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1484%2FJ.VIATOR.5.127050&rft.issn=0083-5897&rft.aulast=Tirosh&rft.aufirst=Yoav&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F60144627&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEgil%27s+Saga" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"He is inflated far beyond the type of Viking hero, yet he also falls short of it, and while he is often on the edge of the tragic he eludes definition. He can be vicious, absurd, infantile, pathetic, but he is never dull, and though we may not like some of the things he does we are never allowed to settle into a fixed attitude towards him." - Hermann Pálsson and Paul Edwards translation, Penguin Classics, 1976</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"But we have also seen how, in the course of the tale, Egil's personality is explored and elucidated not only in terms of his own actions and poetry, but in the actions and characters of his ancestors." - Hermann Pálsson and Paul Edwards translation, Penguin Classics, 1976</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"At the root of the first half of the Saga are two family conflicts which extend far beyond the domestic issues which give rise to them, and lead ultimately to enmities with the royal household of Norway. These cases both begin with a man of wealth and power who marries twice, one of the two marriages being in some way of doubtful legality, and illustrate the effect upon the family of the two conflicting lines of descent." - Hermann Pálsson and Paul Edwards translation, Penguin Classics, 1976</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Green, W. C. Egil's Saga. Icelandic Saga Database. 1893. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://sagadb.org/egils_saga.en#21">http://sagadb.org/egils_saga.en#21</a> 3 May 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Green, W. C. Egil's Saga. Icelandic Saga Database. 1893. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://sagadb.org/egils_saga.en#31">http://sagadb.org/egils_saga.en#31</a> 3 May 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Green51-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Green51_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Green51_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Green51_54-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Green, W. C. Egil's Saga. Icelandic Saga Database. 1893. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://sagadb.org/egils_saga.en#51">http://sagadb.org/egils_saga.en#51</a> 3 May 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Green81-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Green81_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Green81_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Green, W. C. Egil's Saga. Icelandic Saga Database. 1893. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://sagadb.org/egils_saga.en#81">http://sagadb.org/egils_saga.en#81</a> 3 May 2013</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sagas_of_Icelanders" title="Sagas of Icelanders">Sagas of Icelanders</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Au%C3%B0unar_%C3%BE%C3%A1ttr_vestfirzka" class="mw-redirect" title="Auðunar þáttr vestfirzka">Auðunar þáttr vestfirzka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandamanna_saga" title="Bandamanna saga">Bandamanna saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1r%C3%B0ar_saga_Sn%C3%A6fells%C3%A1ss" title="Bárðar saga Snæfellsáss">Bárðar saga Snæfellsáss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bjarnar_saga_H%C3%ADtd%C5%93lakappa" title="Bjarnar saga Hítdœlakappa">Bjarnar saga Hítdœlakappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nj%C3%A1ls_saga" title="Njáls saga">Brennu-Njáls saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Droplaugarsona_saga" title="Droplaugarsona saga">Droplaugarsona saga</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Egils saga Skalla-Grímssonar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saga_of_Erik_the_Red" title="Saga of Erik the Red">Eiríks saga rauða</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eyrbyggja_saga" title="Eyrbyggja saga">Eyrbyggja saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A6reyinga_saga" title="Færeyinga saga">Færeyinga saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnboga_saga_ramma" title="Finnboga saga ramma">Finnboga saga ramma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flj%C3%B3tsd%C3%A6la_saga" title="Fljótsdæla saga">Fljótsdæla saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fl%C3%B3amanna_saga" title="Flóamanna saga">Flóamanna saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%B3stbr%C5%93%C3%B0ra_saga" title="Fóstbrœðra saga">Fóstbrœðra saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%ADsla_saga" title="Gísla saga">Gísla saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grettis_saga" title="Grettis saga">Grettis saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saga_of_the_Greenlanders" title="Saga of the Greenlanders">Grœnlendinga saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gull-%C3%9E%C3%B3ris_saga" title="Gull-Þóris saga">Gull-Þóris saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunnars_saga_Keldugn%C3%BApsf%C3%ADfls" title="Gunnars saga Keldugnúpsfífls">Gunnars saga Keldugnúpsfífls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunnlaugs_saga_ormstungu" title="Gunnlaugs saga ormstungu">Gunnlaugs saga ormstungu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallfre%C3%B0ar_saga" title="Hallfreðar saga">Hallfreðar saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Har%C3%B0ar_saga_ok_H%C3%B3lmverja" title="Harðar saga ok Hólmverja">Harðar saga ok Hólmverja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_saga_of_H%C3%A1var%C3%B0ur_of_%C3%8Dsafj%C3%B6r%C3%B0ur" class="mw-redirect" title="The saga of Hávarður of Ísafjörður">Hávarðar saga Ísfirðings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hei%C3%B0arv%C3%ADga_saga" title="Heiðarvíga saga">Heiðarvíga saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrafnkels_saga" title="Hrafnkels saga">Hrafnkels saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrana_saga_hrings" title="Hrana saga hrings">Hrana saga hrings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A6nsa-%C3%9E%C3%B3ris_saga" title="Hænsa-Þóris saga">Hænsa-Þóris saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kjalnesinga_saga" title="Kjalnesinga saga">Kjalnesinga saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korm%C3%A1ks_saga" title="Kormáks saga">Kormáks saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kr%C3%B3ka-Refs_saga" title="Króka-Refs saga">Króka-Refs saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laxd%C3%A6la_saga" title="Laxdæla saga">Laxdæla saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lj%C3%B3svetninga_saga" title="Ljósvetninga saga">Ljósvetninga saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96lkofra_%C3%BE%C3%A1ttr" title="Ölkofra þáttr">Ölkofra þáttr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reykd%C3%A6la_saga_ok_V%C3%ADga-Sk%C3%BAtu" title="Reykdæla saga ok Víga-Skútu">Reykdæla saga ok Víga-Skútu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svarfd%C3%A6la_saga" title="Svarfdæla saga">Svarfdæla saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Eorsteins_saga_hv%C3%ADta" title="Þorsteins saga hvíta">Þorsteins saga hvíta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Eorsteins_saga_S%C3%AD%C3%B0u-Hallssonar" title="Þorsteins saga Síðu-Hallssonar">Þorsteins saga Síðu-Hallssonar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9E%C3%B3r%C3%B0ar_saga_hre%C3%B0u" title="Þórðar saga hreðu">Þórðar saga hreðu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valla-Lj%C3%B3ts_saga" title="Valla-Ljóts saga">Valla-Ljóts saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1pnfir%C3%B0inga_saga" title="Vápnfirðinga saga">Vápnfirðinga saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatnsd%C3%A6la_saga" title="Vatnsdæla saga">Vatnsdæla saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADga-Gl%C3%BAms_saga" title="Víga-Glúms saga">Víga-Glúms saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADglundar_saga" title="Víglundar saga">Víglundar saga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other saga genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bishops%27_sagas" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishops' sagas">Bishops' sagas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chivalric_sagas" title="Chivalric sagas">Chivalric sagas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_sagas" title="Contemporary sagas">Contemporary sagas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kings%27_sagas" title="Kings' sagas">Kings' sagas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legendary_sagas" class="mw-redirect" title="Legendary sagas">Legendary sagas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saints%27_sagas" title="Saints' sagas">Saints' sagas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9E%C3%A1ttr" title="Þáttr">Short tales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publication</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dslenzk_fornrit" title="Íslenzk fornrit">Íslenzk fornrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Literary_Society" title="Icelandic Literary Society">Icelandic Literary Society</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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