Self-Assembled Monolayers (SAMs), PEDOT:PSS Alternative

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They are described as monolayer as they are one molecule thick layers. Molecular self assembly refers to the process where these molecules spontaneously organize into precise, functional self-assembled structures. The formation of SAMs typically involves deposition and thermal annealing. The natural tendency of certain molecules to form organized patterns through non-covalent interactions can be exploited for electronic devices. Organic molecules can self-assemble into conductive or semiconductive materials, which are used in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic photovoltaic cells, and organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). SAMs can act as an interface, i.e. hole injection monolayer (HIML) between the electrode and the active layer materials in optoelectronic devices. 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You can still place orders by emailing us on <a href="mailto:info@ossila.com">info@ossila.com</a>, but you may experience issues browsing our website. Please consider upgrading to a modern browser for better security and an improved browsing experience.</p> </div> </div>  <div class="container">  <div id="content-main" class="col-xs-12 col-md-8 col-md-push-2"> <main> <div id="collection">  <div class="title-container"> <h1 class="no-margin-bottom">Self-Assembled Monolayers (SAMs)</h1> </div> <hr />  <p>Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are well-organized, ultra-thin layers that form on a substrate's surface through either weak physical forces or strong chemical covalent bonds. They are described as monolayer as they are one molecule thick layers. Molecular self assembly refers to the process where these molecules spontaneously organize into precise, functional self-assembled structures. The formation of SAMs typically involves deposition and thermal annealing.</p> <p>The natural tendency of certain molecules to form organized patterns through non-covalent interactions can be exploited for electronic devices. Organic molecules can self-assemble into conductive or semiconductive materials, which are used in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic photovoltaic cells, and organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). SAMs can act as an interface, i.e. hole injection monolayer (HIML) between the electrode and the active layer materials in optoelectronic devices.</p> <p>Serving as hole selective contact layer and alternative to PEDOT:PSS, SAMs improve the device performance of dye-sensitized solar cells, organic solar cells, and inverted perovskite or polymer solar cells. The following are examples of solar cells device performance engaging different SAM molecules as hole transport layers:</p> <table style="height: 178.125px;" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr style="height: 45.375px;"> <td style="height: 45.375px;"><strong>Device Structure</strong></td> <td style="height: 45.375px;"><strong> <em>V<sub>OC</sub></em> (V)</strong></td> <td style="height: 45.375px;"><strong> <em>J<sub>SC</sub></em> (mA/cm<sup>2</sup>)</strong></td> <td style="height: 45.375px;"><strong> <em>FF</em> (%)</strong></td> <td style="height: 45.375px;"><strong> <em>PCE</em> (%)</strong></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 22.125px;"> <td style="height: 22.125px;">ITO/<strong>2PACz</strong>/Cs<sub>0.05</sub>(MA<sub>0.17</sub>FA<sub>0.83</sub>)<sub>0.95</sub>Pb(I<sub>0.83</sub>Br<sub>0.17</sub>)<sub>3</sub>/C<sub>60</sub>/BCP/Cu</td> <td style="height: 22.125px;">1.158</td> <td style="height: 22.125px;">21.7</td> <td style="height: 22.125px;">80.91</td> <td style="height: 22.125px;">20.26</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 22.125px;"> <td style="height: 22.125px;">ITO/<strong>Br-2PACz</strong>/Cs<sub>0.25</sub>FA<sub>0.75</sub>Sn<sub>0.5</sub>Pb<sub>0.5</sub>I<sub>3</sub>/C<sub>60</sub>/BCP/Ag</td> <td style="height: 22.125px;">0.81</td> <td style="height: 22.125px;">32.14</td> <td style="height: 22.125px;">74.94</td> <td style="height: 22.125px;">19.51</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 22.125px;"> <td style="height: 22.125px;">ITO/<strong>MeO-2PACz</strong>/MA<sub>0.05</sub>FA<sub>0.95</sub>Pb(I<sub>0.95</sub>Br<sub>0.05</sub>)<sub>3</sub>/C<sub>60</sub>/BCP/Cu</td> <td style="height: 22.125px;">1.12</td> <td style="height: 22.125px;">23.5</td> <td style="height: 22.125px;">80.6</td> <td style="height: 22.125px;">21.2</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 22.125px;"> <td style="height: 22.125px;">ITO/<strong>MPA-CPA</strong>/perovskite/C<sub>60</sub>/BCP/Ag</td> <td style="height: 22.125px;">1.20</td> <td style="height: 22.125px;">24.8</td> <td style="height: 22.125px;">84.5</td> <td style="height: 22.125px;">25.2</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 22.125px;"> <td style="height: 22.125px;">ITO/perovskite (<strong>DMAcPA</strong> doping)/PC<sub>60</sub>BM/BCP/Ag</td> <td style="height: 22.125px;">1.187</td> <td style="height: 22.125px;">25.69</td> <td style="height: 22.125px;">84.73</td> <td style="height: 22.125px;">25.86</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ITO/<strong>4PADCB(CbzNaph)</strong>/FA<sub>0.8</sub>Cs<sub>0.2</sub>Pb(I<sub>0.6</sub>Br<sub>0.4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>/C60/SnO<sub>2</sub>/IZO/PEDOT:PSS/FA<sub>0.6</sub>MA<sub>0.3</sub> Cs<sub>0.1</sub>Sn<sub>0.5</sub>Pb<sub>0.5</sub>I<sub>3</sub>/C60/SnO<sub>2</sub>/Cu</td> <td>2.12</td> <td>15.19</td> <td>82.6</td> <td>26.6</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>Our collection of self-assembled monolayers includes molecules with electron rich carbazole, 9,9-dimethylacridine, 7H-dibenzo[c,g]carbazole, or triphenylamine terminal functional groups, alkyl or cyano-vinyl linkers, and phosphonic or carboxylic acid anchoring groups.</p> 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are Self-Assembled Monolayers?</a> <p>Self-assembled monolayers (SAM) are well-organised, one molecule thick layers that form on a solid surface. SAM molecules adsorb on a substrate via chemical or physical bonds. They spontaneously organize themselves into ordered structures on the substrate.</p> <a href="/pages/what-is-a-self-assembled-monolayer-sam">Read more...</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 button-col"> <div class="card-box card-truncate"> <a href="/pages/deposition-of-self-assembled-monolayers"><img alt="Self-assembled monolayer" height="160" loading="lazy" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/spin-coating-sam.png?v=17189647828" width="160"></a> <a href="/pages/deposition-of-self-assembled-monolayers">Deposition of Self-Assembled Monolayers</a> <p>Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are well-organized one molecule thick layers that spontaneously form on a surface. They have a high potential for use in a wide range of applications due to their well-defined structure and properties.</p> <a href="/pages/deposition-of-self-assembled-monolayers">Read more...</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 button-col"> <div class="card-box card-truncate"> <a href="/pages/self-assembled-monolayers-vs-pedot-pss"><img alt="Self-assembled monolayer" height="160" loading="lazy" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/SAMs-as-HTLs.svg?v=1721211406" width="160"></a> <a href="/pages/self-assembled-monolayers-vs-pedot-pss">Self-Assembled Monolayers (SAMs) vs PEDOT:PSS</a> <p>Two commonly used materials for hole selective layer (HSL) or hole transport layer (HTL) are PEDOT:PSS (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate) and self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). Each offers distinct advantages and limitations that impact their effectiveness in solar cells.</p> <a href="/pages/self-assembled-monolayers-vs-pedot-pss">Read more...</a> </div> </div> </div> <h3>Applications</h3> <div class="row button-row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 button-col"> <div class="card-box card-truncate"> <a href="/pages/applications-of-self-assembled-monolayers"><img alt="Self-assembled monolayer" height="160" loading="lazy" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/sam-electrocatalysis.png?v=1719918318&width=160&height=160" width="160"></a> <a href="/pages/applications-of-self-assembled-monolayers">Applications of Self-Assembled Monolayers</a> <p>Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are highly organized single layers of molecules that form on a surface. This is driven by the chemisorption of specific functional groups on the SAM molecules that have a strong affinity for a particular surface.</p> <a href="/pages/applications-of-self-assembled-monolayers">Read more...</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 button-col"> <div class="card-box card-truncate"> <a href="/pages/self-assembled-monolayers-in-electronic-devices"><img alt="Self-assembled monolayer" height="160" loading="lazy" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/SAMs_in_polymer_solar_cells-01.svg?v=1720018393" width="160"></a> <a href="/pages/self-assembled-monolayers-in-electronic-devices">Self-Assembled Monolayers in Electronic Devices</a> <p>Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) provide a versatile and cost-effective method for surface modification and the creation of molecular-scale electronic devices. By selecting the appropriate head, spacer and tail group for the SAM molecules the following properties can be adjusted:</p> <a href="/pages/self-assembled-monolayers-in-electronic-devices">Read more...</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 button-col"> <div class="card-box card-truncate"> <a href="/pages/sam-perovskite-solar-cells-pscs"><img alt="Self-assembled monolayer" height="160" loading="lazy" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/SAMs-as-HTLs.svg?v=1721211406" width="160"></a> <a href="/pages/sam-perovskite-solar-cells-pscs">Self-Assembled Monolayers (SAMs) in Perovskite Solar Cells (PSCs)</a> <p>Incorporating self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) within perovskite solar cells has improved device efficiency. SAMs exist as ultrathin layers that can be engineered to improve various aspects of the solar cell including charge transport and stability. SAMs have benefits including:</p> <a href="/pages/sam-perovskite-solar-cells-pscs">Read more...</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 button-col"> <div class="card-box card-truncate"> <a href="/pages/what-is-molecular-electronics"><img alt="powerful electronics" loading="lazy" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/Powerful_Electronics.svg?v=1718710451" width="160" heigh="160"></a> <a href="/pages/what-is-molecular-electronics">What is molecular electronics?</a> <p>Molecular electronics or "moletronics" is to use molecules as building blocks to create electronic components. 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