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class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Western personal computers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Western_personal_computers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1990s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1990s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.1 1990s </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1990s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2000s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2000s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.2 2000s </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2000s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2010s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.3 2010s </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genre_blurring" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genre_blurring"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Genre blurring </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genre_blurring-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Full-fledged_CRPGs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Full-fledged_CRPGs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4.1 Full-fledged CRPGs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Full-fledged_CRPGs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Massively_multiplayer_online_gaming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Massively_multiplayer_online_gaming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4.2 Massively multiplayer online gaming </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Massively_multiplayer_online_gaming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Popularity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popularity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Popularity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Popularity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav 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mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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rol tàctic – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Videojoc de rol tàctic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategie-Rollenspiel" title="Strategie-Rollenspiel – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Strategie-Rollenspiel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videojuego_de_rol_t%C3%A1ctico" title="Videojuego de rol táctico – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Videojuego de rol táctico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tactical_RPG" title="Tactical RPG – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tactical RPG" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EB%9E%B5_%EB%A1%A4%ED%94%8C%EB%A0%88%EC%9E%89_%EA%B2%8C%EC%9E%84" title="전략 롤플레잉 게임 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="전략 롤플레잉 게임" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%97%D7%A7_%D7%AA%D7%A4%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%93%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%99" title="משחק תפקידים טקטי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="משחק תפקידים טקטי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A8%D9%87_%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%89" title="لعبه تمثيل ادوار تكتيكى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لعبه تمثيل ادوار تكتيكى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tactisch_rollenspel" title="Tactisch rollenspel – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tactisch rollenspel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%9F%E3%83%A5%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%97%E3%83%AC%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%82%B2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0" title="シミュレーションロールプレイングゲーム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シミュレーションロールプレイングゲーム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taktyczna_gra_fabularna" title="Taktyczna gra fabularna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Taktyczna gra fabularna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/RPG_eletr%C3%B4nico_de_estrat%C3%A9gia" title="RPG eletrônico de estratégia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="RPG eletrônico de estratégia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Тактическая ролевая игра – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тактическая ролевая игра" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taktinen_roolipeli" title="Taktinen roolipeli – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Taktinen roolipeli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taktiksel_rol_yapma_oyunu" title="Taktiksel rol yapma oyunu – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Taktiksel rol yapma oyunu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Тактична рольова гра – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тактична рольова гра" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%B2_ch%C6%A1i_nh%E1%BA%ADp_vai_chi%E1%BA%BFn_thu%E1%BA%ADt" title="Trò chơi nhập vai chiến thuật – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Trò chơi nhập vai chiến thuật" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%88%98%E7%95%A5%E8%A7%92%E8%89%B2%E6%89%AE%E6%BC%94%E6%B8%B8%E6%88%8F" title="战略角色扮演游戏 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="战略角色扮演游戏" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%88%B0%E8%A1%93_RPG" title="戰術 RPG – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="戰術 RPG" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%88%B0%E7%95%A5%E8%A7%92%E8%89%B2%E6%89%AE%E6%BC%94%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2" title="戰略角色扮演遊戲 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" 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nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Video game subgenre</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Tabletop_role-playing_game" title="Tabletop role-playing game">Tabletop role-playing game</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Role-playing_video_game" title="Role-playing video game">Role-playing video games</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Role-playing_video_game_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Role-playing_video_game_icon.svg/80px-Role-playing_video_game_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Role-playing_video_game_icon.svg/120px-Role-playing_video_game_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Role-playing_video_game_icon.svg/160px-Role-playing_video_game_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Video_game_genre" title="Video game genre">Subgenres</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_role-playing_game" title="Action role-playing game">Action RPG</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soulslike" title="Soulslike">Soulslike</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dungeon_crawl" title="Dungeon crawl">Dungeon crawl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monster-taming_game" title="Monster-taming game">Monster-taming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-user_dungeon" title="Multi-user dungeon">MUD</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Massively_multiplayer_online_role-playing_game" title="Massively multiplayer online role-playing game">MMORPG</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roguelike" title="Roguelike">Roguelike</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tactical RPG</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Topics</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_interaction_in_MMORPGs" title="Social interaction in MMORPGs">Social interaction in MMORPGs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Character_creation" title="Character creation">Character creation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialogue_tree" title="Dialogue tree">Dialogue tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNS_theory" title="GNS theory">GNS theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Eastern_role-playing_video_games" title="History of Eastern role-playing video games">History of Eastern RPGs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_massively_multiplayer_online_games" title="History of massively multiplayer online games">History of MMORPGs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Western_role-playing_video_games" title="History of Western role-playing video games">History of Western RPGs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-player_character" title="Non-player character">Non-player character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Player_character" title="Player character">Player character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quest_(video_games)" title="Quest (video games)">Quest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Role-playing_game_terms" title="Role-playing game terms">RPG terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistic_(role-playing_games)" title="Statistic (role-playing games)">Statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Threefold_model" title="Threefold model">Threefold model</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Lists_of_video_games" title="Lists of video games">Lists</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_free_massively_multiplayer_online_games" title="List of free massively multiplayer online games">Free MMOs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_massively_multiplayer_online_role-playing_games" title="List of massively multiplayer online role-playing games">MMORPGs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MUDs" title="List of MUDs">MUDs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_roguelikes" title="List of roguelikes">Roguelikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_role-playing_video_games" title="List of role-playing video games">RPGs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tactical_role-playing_video_games" title="List of tactical role-playing video games">TRPGs</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Role-playing_video_games" title="Template:Role-playing video games"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Role-playing_video_games" title="Template talk:Role-playing video games"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Role-playing_video_games" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Role-playing video games"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Tactical role-playing game<a href="#cite_note-gspot_cw-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-gspot_search-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-gspot_search2-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-ign_hs-4">[4]</a> (abbreviated TRPG), also known as strategy role-playing game<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> or simulation RPG<a href="#cite_note-7">[a]</a> (both abbreviated SRPG), is a <a href="/wiki/Video_game" title="Video game">video game</a> genre that combines core elements of <a href="/wiki/Role-playing_video_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Role-playing video games">role-playing video games</a> with those of tactical (<a href="/wiki/Turn-based_tactics" title="Turn-based tactics">turn-based</a> or <a href="/wiki/Real-time_tactics" title="Real-time tactics">real-time</a>) <a href="/wiki/Strategy_video_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Strategy video games">strategy video games</a>. The formats of tactical RPGs are much like traditional <a href="/wiki/Tabletop_role-playing_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Tabletop role-playing games">tabletop role-playing games</a> and <a href="/wiki/Strategy_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Strategy games">strategy games</a> in appearance, pacing, and rule structure. Likewise, early tabletop role-playing games are descended from <a href="/wiki/Skirmish_wargame" class="mw-redirect" title="Skirmish wargame">skirmish wargames</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Chainmail_(game)" title="Chainmail (game)">Chainmail</a>, which were primarily concerned with combat. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Game_design">Game design</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tactical_role-playing_game&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Game design">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Strategy_video_game" title="Strategy video game">Strategy video games</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Video-Game-Controller-Icon-IDV-green-strategy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Video-Game-Controller-Icon-IDV-green-strategy.svg/80px-Video-Game-Controller-Icon-IDV-green-strategy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Video-Game-Controller-Icon-IDV-green-strategy.svg/120px-Video-Game-Controller-Icon-IDV-green-strategy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Video-Game-Controller-Icon-IDV-green-strategy.svg/160px-Video-Game-Controller-Icon-IDV-green-strategy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="249" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Video_game_genre" title="Video game genre">Subgenres</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4X" title="4X">4X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auto_battler" title="Auto battler">Auto battler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiplayer_online_battle_arena" title="Multiplayer online battle arena">Multiplayer online battle arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real-time_strategy" title="Real-time strategy">Real-time strategy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Time_management_(video_game_genre)" class="mw-redirect" title="Time management (video game genre)">Time management</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real-time_tactics" title="Real-time tactics">Real-time tactics</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tactical RPG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_defense" title="Tower defense">Tower defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turn-based_strategy" class="mw-redirect" title="Turn-based strategy">Turn-based strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turn-based_tactics" title="Turn-based tactics">Turn-based tactics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artillery_game" title="Artillery game">Artillery</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wargame_(video_games)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wargame (video games)">Wargame</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_video_games" title="Lists of video games">Lists</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_4X_video_games" title="List of 4X video games">List of 4X video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_artillery_video_games" title="List of artillery video games">List of artillery video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_grand_strategy_video_games" title="List of grand strategy video games">List of grand strategy video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_massively_multiplayer_online_real-time_strategy_games" title="List of massively multiplayer online real-time strategy games">List of massively multiplayer online real-time strategy games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_massively_multiplayer_online_turn-based_strategy_games" title="List of massively multiplayer online turn-based strategy games">List of massively multiplayer online turn-based strategy games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_multiplayer_online_battle_arena_video_games" class="mw-redirect" title="List of multiplayer online battle arena video games">List of multiplayer online battle arena video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_real-time_strategy_video_games" title="List of real-time strategy video games">List of real-time strategy video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_real-time_tactics_video_games" title="List of real-time tactics video games">List of real-time tactics video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tactical_role-playing_video_games" title="List of tactical role-playing video games">List of tactical role-playing video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_turn-based_strategy_video_games" title="List of turn-based strategy video games">List of turn-based strategy video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_turn-based_tactics_video_games" title="List of turn-based tactics video games">List of turn-based tactics video games</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Strategy_video_games" title="Template:Strategy video games"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Strategy_video_games" title="Template talk:Strategy video games"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Strategy_video_games" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Strategy video games"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> This <a href="/wiki/Subgenre" class="mw-redirect" title="Subgenre">subgenre</a> of role-playing video games principally refers to games which incorporate elements from <a href="/wiki/Strategy_video_game" title="Strategy video game">strategy video games</a> as an alternative to traditional role-playing game (RPG) systems. Like standard RPGs, the player typically controls a finite party and battles a similar number of enemies. Like other RPGs, death is usually temporary, but this genre incorporates strategic gameplay such as tactical movement on an <a href="/wiki/Isometric_graphics_in_video_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Isometric graphics in video games">isometric grid</a>. Unlike traditional RPGs which are traditionally single-player, some tactical RPGs feature <a href="/wiki/Multiplayer_video_game" title="Multiplayer video game">multiplayer</a> play, such as <a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_Tactics" title="Final Fantasy Tactics">Final Fantasy Tactics</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ign_ffmult-8">[7]</a> A distinct difference between tactical RPGs and traditional RPGs is the lack of exploration;<a href="#cite_note-raptor-9">[8]</a> for instance, Final Fantasy Tactics does away with the third-person exploration of towns and dungeons that is typical in a Final Fantasy game.<a href="#cite_note-hollinger-10">[9]</a> Instead of exploration, there is an emphasis on battle strategy. Players are able to build and train characters to use in battle, utilizing different classes, including <a href="/wiki/Warrior_(character_class)" class="mw-redirect" title="Warrior (character class)">warriors</a> and magic users, depending on the game. Characters normally gain <a href="/wiki/Experience_point" title="Experience point">experience points</a> from battle and grow stronger, and are awarded secondary experience points which can be used to advance in specific character classes.<a href="#cite_note-hollinger-10">[9]</a> Battles have specific winning conditions, such as defeating all enemies or surviving a certain number of turns, that the player must accomplish before the next map will become available. In between battles, players can access their characters to equip them, change classes, train them, depending on the game.<a href="#cite_note-hollinger-10">[9]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tactical_role-playing_game&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Tactical_role-playing_game" title="Special:EditPage/Tactical role-playing game">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2009) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (November 2012)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> A number of early role-playing video games used a tactical form of combat, such as <a href="/wiki/Tunnels_of_Doom" title="Tunnels of Doom">Tunnels of Doom</a> (1982)<a href="#cite_note-armarc-tunnels-11">[10]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ultima_III:_Exodus" title="Ultima III: Exodus">Ultima III: Exodus</a> (1983),<a href="#cite_note-barton_3623_04-12">[11]</a> as well as The Dragon and Princess (1982)<a href="#cite_note-dragon-princess-13">[12]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bokosuka_Wars" title="Bokosuka Wars">Bokosuka Wars</a> (1983),<a href="#cite_note-Nintendo-Bokosuka-14">[13]</a> which introduced party-based, tiled combat to America and Japan, respectively. Further, tactical RPGs are descendants of <a href="/wiki/Tabletop_role-playing_game" title="Tabletop role-playing game">tabletop role-playing games</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wargaming" class="mw-redirect" title="Wargaming">wargames</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Dungeons_%26_Dragons" title="Dungeons & Dragons">Dungeons & Dragons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chainmail_(game)" title="Chainmail (game)">Chainmail</a>, which were mainly tactical in their original form.<a href="#cite_note-barton_ddesktops_c-15">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[Note 1]</a> Nevertheless, much of the development of tactical RPGs has diverged on each side of the Pacific, and the term "tactical RPG" is sometimes reserved only for those titles that were created in Japan.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="8-bit_origins_in_Japan_(1982–1990)">8-bit origins in Japan (1982–1990)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tactical_role-playing_game&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 8-bit origins in Japan (1982–1990)">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fire_Emblem-like_mockup.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Fire_Emblem-like_mockup.png/220px-Fire_Emblem-like_mockup.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Fire_Emblem-like_mockup.png/330px-Fire_Emblem-like_mockup.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Fire_Emblem-like_mockup.png/440px-Fire_Emblem-like_mockup.png 2x" data-file-width="665" data-file-height="614" /></a><figcaption>Tactical role-playing games often involve moving troops turn by turn across a map to defeat foes or capture territory, as depicted similarly in this illustration.</figcaption></figure> One of the earliest <a href="/wiki/History_of_Eastern_role-playing_video_games" title="History of Eastern role-playing video games">Japanese RPGs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Koei" title="Koei">Koei</a>'s The Dragon and Princess, was released on <a href="/wiki/NEC" title="NEC">NEC</a>'s <a href="/wiki/PC-8000_Series" class="mw-redirect" title="PC-8000 Series">PC-8001</a> <a href="/wiki/Home_computer" title="Home computer">home computer</a> platform in 1982.<a href="#cite_note-oh_fm7-19">[17]</a> This game can also be considered a precursor to the tactical RPG genre. It used a combat system where, following a <a href="/wiki/Random_encounter" title="Random encounter">random encounter</a>, the game transitioned to a separate, graphical, overhead battle screen, and <a href="/wiki/Turn-based_tactics" title="Turn-based tactics">tactical turn-based</a> combat ensued. That same year, Tunnels of Doom used a similar combat system,<a href="#cite_note-armarc-tunnels-11">[10]</a> as did Ultima III: Exodus released in 1983.<a href="#cite_note-dragon-princess-13">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[18]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/History_of_video_game_consoles_(third_generation)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of video game consoles (third generation)">8-bit</a> era, Bokosuka Wars, a computer game developed by Koji Sumii for the <a href="/wiki/Sharp_X1" title="Sharp X1">Sharp X1</a> in 1983<a href="#cite_note-21">[19]</a> and ported to the <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System">Nintendo Entertainment System</a> (NES) by <a href="/wiki/ASCII_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="ASCII (company)">ASCII</a> in 1985, was responsible for laying the foundations for the tactical RPG genre, or "simulation RPG" genre as it is known in Japan, with its blend of role-playing and <a href="/wiki/Strategy_game" title="Strategy game">strategy game</a> elements. The game revolves around a king who must recruit soldiers and lead his army against overwhelming enemy forces, while each unit gains experience and <a href="/wiki/Levels_up" class="mw-redirect" title="Levels up">levels up</a> along the way.<a href="#cite_note-Nintendo-Bokosuka-14">[13]</a> It is also considered to be an early prototype <a href="/wiki/Real-time_strategy" title="Real-time strategy">real-time strategy</a> game.<a href="#cite_note-1UP-Druaga-22">[20]</a> Another notable early example of the genre was <a href="/wiki/Kure_Software_Koubou" title="Kure Software Koubou">Kure Software Koubou</a>'s 1988 <a href="/wiki/NEC_PC-8801" class="mw-redirect" title="NEC PC-8801">PC-8801</a> strategy RPG, <a href="/wiki/Kure_Software_Koubou#Silver_Ghost" title="Kure Software Koubou">Silver Ghost</a>,<a href="#cite_note-23">[21]</a> which was cited by <a href="/wiki/Camelot_Software_Planning" title="Camelot Software Planning">Camelot Software Planning</a>'s Hiroyuki Takahashi as inspiration for the <a href="/wiki/Shining_(series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shining (series)">Shining</a> series of tactical RPGs. According to Takahashi, Silver Ghost was a simulation action type of game where the players had to direct, oversee and command multiple characters.<a href="#cite_note-GamesTM-24">[22]</a> Unlike later tactical RPGs, however, Silver Ghost was not <a href="/wiki/Turn-based" class="mw-redirect" title="Turn-based">turn-based</a>, but instead used real-time strategy and <a href="/wiki/Action_role-playing_game" title="Action role-playing game">action role-playing game</a> elements. It also featured a <a href="/wiki/Point-and-click" class="mw-redirect" title="Point-and-click">point-and-click</a> interface, to control the characters using a cursor.<a href="#cite_note-25">[23]</a> A similar game released by Kure Software Koubo that same year was First Queen, a unique hybrid between a real-time strategy, action RPG, and strategy RPG. Like an RPG, the player can explore the world, purchase items, and level up, and like a <a href="/wiki/Strategy_video_game" title="Strategy video game">strategy video game</a>, it focuses on recruiting soldiers and fighting against large armies rather than small parties. The game's "Gochyakyara" ("Multiple Characters") system let the player control one character at a time while the others are controlled by computer <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">AI</a> that follow the leader, and where battles are large-scale with characters sometimes filling an entire screen.<a href="#cite_note-26">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-kuresoft-27">[25]</a> <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Monsters_(video_game)" title="Master of Monsters (video game)">Master of Monsters</a>, developed by SystemSoft and released in 1989 for the <a href="/wiki/MSX2" class="mw-redirect" title="MSX2">MSX2</a>, added fantasy characters and magic attacks to the gameplay of the wartime combat <a href="/wiki/Daisenryaku" title="Daisenryaku">Daisenryaku</a> series, which had instead opted for tanks, planes, and other vehicles of real-world modern combat. Master of Monsters also added experience bars for the character units, a concept which would be adapted and popularized by later console-based series like <a href="/wiki/Fire_Emblem" title="Fire Emblem">Fire Emblem</a>. Unlike many other early titles in the genre, Master of Monsters made its way to the west via a port to the <a href="/wiki/Sega_Genesis" title="Sega Genesis">Sega Genesis</a> in 1991, albeit only in North America. However, the genre did not become prolific until <a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a> published the game that set the template for <a href="/wiki/Tactical_wargame" title="Tactical wargame">tactical wargame</a> RPGs, <a href="/wiki/Fire_Emblem:_Ankoku_Ry%C5%AB_to_Hikari_no_Tsurugi" class="mw-redirect" title="Fire Emblem: Ankoku Ryū to Hikari no Tsurugi">Fire Emblem: Ankoku Ryū to Hikari no Tsurugi</a>. Developed by <a href="/wiki/Intelligent_Systems" title="Intelligent Systems">Intelligent Systems</a> and released exclusively in Japan for the Nintendo <a href="/wiki/Famicom" class="mw-redirect" title="Famicom">Famicom</a> in 1990, <a href="/wiki/Fire_Emblem" title="Fire Emblem">Fire Emblem</a> would become an archetype for the whole genre, establishing gameplay elements that are still used in tactical RPGs today, though many of these elements were influenced by earlier RPGs and <a href="/wiki/Strategy_game" title="Strategy game">strategy games</a>. Combining the basic concepts from games like <a href="/wiki/Dragon_Quest" title="Dragon Quest">Dragon Quest</a> and simple <a href="/wiki/Turn-based_strategy" class="mw-redirect" title="Turn-based strategy">turn-based strategy</a> elements that the development team gained experience with in their 1988 release <a href="/wiki/Famicom_Wars" title="Famicom Wars">Famicom Wars</a>, Intelligent Systems created a hit, which spawned many sequels and imitators. It introduced unique features such as how the characters were not interchangeable pawns but each of them were unique, in terms of both class and stats, and how a character who runs out of <a href="/wiki/Hit_point" class="mw-redirect" title="Hit point">hit points</a> would usually remain dead forever. The latter mechanic was used to introduce a <a href="/wiki/Nonlinear_gameplay" title="Nonlinear gameplay">non-linear</a> storyline to the genre, where different <a href="/wiki/Multiple_endings" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiple endings">multiple endings</a> are possible depending on which characters are alive or dead,<a href="#cite_note-Fire-Emblem-28">[26]</a> a concept still used in recent games such as <a href="/wiki/Shin_Megami_Tensei:_Devil_Survivor" title="Shin Megami Tensei: Devil Survivor">Shin Megami Tensei: Devil Survivor</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Devil-Survivor-29">[27]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Imageepoch" title="Imageepoch">Final Promise Story</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Escapist-Imageepoch-30">[28]</a> It was not until the release of <a href="/wiki/Fire_Emblem:_The_Blazing_Blade" title="Fire Emblem: The Blazing Blade">Fire Emblem: The Blazing Blade</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Game_Boy_Advance" title="Game Boy Advance">Game Boy Advance</a>, many years later, that the series was introduced to Western gamers, who until then were more familiar with localized precursors like <a href="/wiki/Nobunaga%27s_Ambition" title="Nobunaga's Ambition">Nobunaga's Ambition</a>, as well as later tactical RPGs partially influenced by Fire Emblem, including the Shining and Ogre series and Final Fantasy Tactics, and <a href="/wiki/Nippon_Ichi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nippon Ichi">Nippon Ichi</a> games like <a href="/wiki/Disgaea" title="Disgaea">Disgaea</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Fire-Emblem-28">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eastern_console_history_(1991–present)">Eastern console history (1991–present)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tactical_role-playing_game&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Eastern console history (1991–present)">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="16-bit_consoles">16-bit consoles</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tactical_role-playing_game&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 16-bit consoles">edit</a>]</div> During the <a href="/wiki/History_of_video_game_consoles_(fourth_generation)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of video game consoles (fourth generation)">16-bit</a> generation, among the first imitators was <a href="/wiki/Langrisser" title="Langrisser">Langrisser</a> by NCS/Masaya, first released for the <a href="/wiki/Mega_Drive" class="mw-redirect" title="Mega Drive">Mega Drive / Genesis</a> in 1991. It was translated for North American release and retitled <a href="/wiki/Warsong" class="mw-redirect" title="Warsong">Warsong</a>. The Langrisser series differed from Fire Emblem in that it used a general-soldier structure instead of controlling main characters. Langrisser, too, spawned many sequels, none of which were brought to North America. Langrisser set itself apart from other tactical RPGs in its time with larger-scale battles, where the player could control over thirty units at one time and fight against scores of enemies.<a href="#cite_note-31">[29]</a> Since <a href="/wiki/Langrisser_II" title="Langrisser II">Der Langrisser</a> in 1994, the series offered non-linear branching paths and <a href="/wiki/Multiple_endings" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiple endings">multiple endings</a>. The player's choices and actions affected which of four different paths they followed, either <a href="/wiki/Alignment_(role-playing_games)" title="Alignment (role-playing games)">aligning</a> themselves with one of three different factions or fighting against all of them. Each of the four paths leads to a different ending and there are over 75 possible scenarios. Langrisser III introduced a relationship system similar to <a href="/wiki/Dating_sim" title="Dating sim">dating sims</a>. Depending on the player's choices and actions, the feelings of the female allies will change towards the <a href="/wiki/Player_character" title="Player character">player character</a>, who will end up with the female ally he is closest with.<a href="#cite_note-32">[30]</a> <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Monsters_(video_game)" title="Master of Monsters (video game)">Master of Monsters</a> was a unique title by <a href="/wiki/SystemSoft_Alpha_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="SystemSoft Alpha Corporation">SystemSoft</a>. Where Langrisser and Fire Emblem used a square-based grid, Master of Monsters used a hexagonal grid. Players could choose one of four different Lords to defend their Towers and areas on the grid by building an army of creatures to destroy the opposing armies. This game had a sequel for the PlayStation called Master of Monsters: Disciples of Gaia, which had limited success and was criticized for its slow gameplay. Both Warsong and Master of Monsters were cited as the inspirations behind the 2005 <a href="/wiki/Turn-based_strategy" class="mw-redirect" title="Turn-based strategy">turn-based strategy</a> computer RPG, <a href="/wiki/The_Battle_for_Wesnoth" title="The Battle for Wesnoth">The Battle for Wesnoth</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MeriStation-33">[31]</a> The first game in the long-running <a href="/wiki/Super_Robot_Wars" title="Super Robot Wars">Super Robot Wars</a> series is another early example of the genre, initially released for the Game Boy in 1991. Another influential early tactical RPG was <a href="/wiki/Sega" title="Sega">Sega</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Shining_Force" title="Shining Force">Shining Force</a> for the Sega Genesis, which was released in 1992. Shining Force used even more console RPG elements than earlier games, allowing the player to walk around towns and talk to people and buy weapons. It spawned sequels, <a href="/wiki/Shining_Force_II" title="Shining Force II">Shining Force II</a> for Sega Genesis and <a href="/wiki/Shining_Force_CD" title="Shining Force CD">Shining Force CD</a> for Sega CD, besides the Shining Force Gaiden 1, 2 and 3 for Sega Game Gear and Shining Force III for Sega Saturn. The game's creator, <a href="/wiki/Camelot_Software_Planning" title="Camelot Software Planning">Camelot Software Planning</a>'s Hiroyuki Takahashi, cited Kure Software Koubou's 1988 tactical RPG, Silver Ghost, as his inspiration.<a href="#cite_note-GamesTM-24">[22]</a> One game released solely in Japan for the <a href="/wiki/Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Super Nintendo Entertainment System">Super Nintendo Entertainment System</a> (SNES), <a href="/wiki/Bahamut_Lagoon" title="Bahamut Lagoon">Bahamut Lagoon</a>, began <a href="/wiki/Square_(video_game_company)" title="Square (video game company)">Square's</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Square_Enix" title="Square Enix">Square Enix</a>) famous line of tactical RPGs. Four games from the <a href="/wiki/Ogre_Battle" title="Ogre Battle">Ogre Battle</a> series have been released in <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>. The first was <a href="/wiki/Ogre_Battle:_March_of_the_Black_Queen" class="mw-redirect" title="Ogre Battle: March of the Black Queen">Ogre Battle: March of the Black Queen</a> was released for the SNES in 1993 and was more of a real-time strategy RPG in which the player forms character parties that are moved around a <a href="/wiki/Overworld" title="Overworld">map</a> in real-time. When two parties meet, the combat plays out with minimal user interaction. The game is notable for introducing a moral <a href="/wiki/Alignment_(role-playing_games)" title="Alignment (role-playing games)">alignment</a> system that not only affects the gameplay but where tactical and strategic decisions influence the outcome of a non-linear branching storyline, which is affected by factors such as the moral alignments of the troops used to liberate a city, whether to keep certain liberated cities guarded, making popular or unpopular decisions, concentrating power among just a few units, making deals with thieves, and a general sense of justice. These factors lead to one of 13 possible endings, alongside other factors such as how many and which units are used, how battles are fought, the army's reputation, player character's alignment and charisma, and secrets discovered.<a href="#cite_note-Ogre-Battle-34">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-1upparish-35">[33]</a> The sequel, <a href="/wiki/Tactics_Ogre:_Let_Us_Cling_Together" class="mw-redirect" title="Tactics Ogre: Let Us Cling Together">Tactics Ogre: Let Us Cling Together</a>, was originally a 1995 SNES game that was not released outside Japan. It was later ported to the <a href="/wiki/PlayStation" title="PlayStation">PlayStation</a>, along with Ogre Battle: March of the Black Queen. Both of the PlayStation re-releases were marketed in North America by <a href="/wiki/Atlus" title="Atlus">Atlus</a>, as was <a href="/wiki/Ogre_Battle_64:_Person_of_Lordly_Caliber" class="mw-redirect" title="Ogre Battle 64: Person of Lordly Caliber">Ogre Battle 64: Person of Lordly Caliber</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_64" title="Nintendo 64">Nintendo 64</a>. Tactics Ogre's gameplay is more similar to the genre of tactical RPGs that <a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_Tactics" title="Final Fantasy Tactics">Final Fantasy Tactics</a> belongs to (which was developed by former members of <a href="/wiki/Quest_Corporation" title="Quest Corporation">Quest</a> and created/written/directed by <a href="/wiki/Yasumi_Matsuno" title="Yasumi Matsuno">Yasumi Matsuno</a>), complete with battles taking place on <a href="/wiki/Isometric_projection" title="Isometric projection">isometric</a> grids.<a href="#cite_note-1upparish-35">[33]</a> It was also the first to bear the name "Tactics" in the title, a term gamers would come to associate with the genre. Not only are characters moved individually on a grid, but the view is isometric, and the order of combat is calculated for each character individually. The game also expanded the non-linear alignment system of its predecessor, with three types of alignments for each unit: Lawful, Neutral, and Chaos, neither of which are portrayed as necessarily good or bad. The game gives players the freedom to choose their own destiny, with difficult moral decisions, such as whether to follow a Lawful path by upholding the oath of loyalty and slaughter civilian <a href="/wiki/Non-player_character" title="Non-player character">non-player characters</a> on the leader's command, or follow the chaotic path by following a personal sense of justice and rebelling, or instead follow a more neutral path.<a href="#cite_note-1upparish-35">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-Tactics-Ogre-36">[34]</a> Such factors affect the game's ending, which is also affected by decisions such as whether to obtain the most powerful class, which can only be acquired by making a tragic sacrifice. Another feature was "Warren's Report",<a href="#cite_note-Tactics-Ogre-36">[34]</a> a type of <a href="/wiki/Database" title="Database">database</a> on the land, people, encounters and races of Valeria (similar to, but much more expansive than, the troves of knowledge in <a href="/wiki/Mass_Effect" title="Mass Effect">Mass Effect</a>).<a href="#cite_note-Temple-37">[35]</a> Although this game defined the genre in many ways, it was not widely recognized by American gamers because it was released to American audiences several years later. Final Fantasy Tactics shared some staff members with Tactics Ogre and shares many of its gameplay elements. A prequel to the original Tactics Ogre, <a href="/wiki/Tactics_Ogre:_The_Knight_of_Lodis" title="Tactics Ogre: The Knight of Lodis">Tactics Ogre: The Knight of Lodis</a>, was later released for the Game Boy Advance. A remake of Let Us Cling Together was later released for the <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Portable" title="PlayStation Portable">PSP</a> in 2011. In 1996, the tactical role-playing game <a href="/wiki/Fire_Emblem:_Genealogy_of_the_Holy_War" title="Fire Emblem: Genealogy of the Holy War">Fire Emblem: Genealogy of the Holy War</a> also featured a non-linear branching storyline, but instead of using an alignment system, it used a relationship system resembling dating sims that gave players the ability to affect the relationship points between different units/characters. This in turn affected both the gameplay and storyline, with the different possible relationships in the first generation of the game's plot leading to different units/characters appearing during the second generation, ultimately leading to different possible outcomes to the storyline.<a href="#cite_note-gtell_bestsnes-38">[36]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="32-bit_consoles">32-bit consoles</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tactical_role-playing_game&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 32-bit consoles">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Front_Mission.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/24/Front_Mission.png/220px-Front_Mission.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/24/Front_Mission.png/330px-Front_Mission.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/24/Front_Mission.png 2x" data-file-width="338" data-file-height="294" /></a><figcaption>Isometric graphics of <a href="/wiki/Front_Mission_(video_game)" title="Front Mission (video game)">Front Mission</a>. The character's movement range is indicated in blue. Some terrain objects such as trees block movement. The terrain also shows a noticeable variation in height at different places.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/History_of_video_game_consoles_(fifth_generation)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of video game consoles (fifth generation)">32-bit</a> era saw many influential tactical RPGs, such as <a href="/wiki/Konami" title="Konami">Konami</a>'s 1996 <a href="/wiki/Vandal_Hearts" title="Vandal Hearts">Vandal Hearts</a> series, which feature branching storylines that can be altered by the player's <a href="/wiki/Dialog_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Dialog tree">dialogue choices</a> that lead to different endings,<a href="#cite_note-39">[37]</a> as well as Sega's 1997 <a href="/wiki/Shining_Force_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Shining Force 3">Shining Force 3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sony_Computer_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Sony Computer Entertainment">SCEI</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Arc_the_Lad_Collection" title="Arc the Lad Collection">Arc the Lad Collection</a> (1996–1999), and Square's 1997 <a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_Tactics" title="Final Fantasy Tactics">Final Fantasy Tactics</a> and 1999 <a href="/wiki/Front_Mission_3" title="Front Mission 3">Front Mission 3</a>. Konami's <a href="/wiki/Vandal_Hearts" title="Vandal Hearts">Vandal Hearts</a> was an early PlayStation title that helped popularize tactical RPGs in the US. It was released by <a href="/wiki/Konami" title="Konami">Konami</a> and featured a 3D isometric map that could be rotated by the player. A sequel was subsequently released, also for the PlayStation. One of the first 32-bit tactical RPGs, <a href="/wiki/Guardian_War" title="Guardian War">Guardian War</a>, was developed by <a href="/wiki/Micro_Cabin" class="mw-redirect" title="Micro Cabin">Micro Cabin</a> and released in 1993 on the <a href="/wiki/3DO_Interactive_Multiplayer" class="mw-redirect" title="3DO Interactive Multiplayer">Panasonic 3DO</a>. While the game lacked in story, it included many game mechanics that are seen throughout many of the 32-bit tactical RPGs; like isometric camera rotation, interchangeable and hybridization of "jobs" or "classes" for each character, the combination of moves between characters, and the capture of NPCs and having them play on your side. <a href="/wiki/Sega" title="Sega">Sega</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Sakura_Wars" title="Sakura Wars">Sakura Wars</a>, released for the <a href="/wiki/Sega_Saturn" title="Sega Saturn">Sega Saturn</a> in 1996, combined tactical RPG combat with <a href="/wiki/Dating_sim" title="Dating sim">dating sim</a> and <a href="/wiki/Visual_novel" title="Visual novel">visual novel</a> elements, introducing a <a href="/wiki/Real-time_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Real-time game">real-time</a> <a href="/wiki/Nonlinear_gameplay#Branching_storylines" title="Nonlinear gameplay">branching choice</a> system where, during an event or conversation, the player must choose an action or dialogue choice within a time limit, or not to respond at all within that time. The player's choice, or lack thereof, affects the <a href="/wiki/Player_character" title="Player character">player character</a>'s relationship with other characters and in turn the characters' performance in battle, the direction of the storyline, and the ending. Later games in the series added several variations, including an action gauge that can be raised up or down depending on the situation, and a gauge that the player can manipulate using the <a href="/wiki/Analog_stick" title="Analog stick">analog stick</a> depending on the situation.<a href="#cite_note-rpgamer_sakura-40">[38]</a> The success of Sakura Wars led to a wave of games that combine the RPG and dating sim genres, including <a href="/wiki/Thousand_Arms" title="Thousand Arms">Thousand Arms</a> in 1998, <a href="/wiki/Riviera:_The_Promised_Land" title="Riviera: The Promised Land">Riviera: The Promised Land</a> in 2002, and <a href="/wiki/Luminous_Arc_(video_game)" title="Luminous Arc (video game)">Luminous Arc</a> in 2007.<a href="#cite_note-41">[39]</a> <a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_Tactics" title="Final Fantasy Tactics">Final Fantasy Tactics</a> was arguably the most responsible for bringing tactical RPGs to North America. Developed by former employees of <a href="/wiki/Quest_Corporation" title="Quest Corporation">Quest</a>, the developer responsible for the Ogre Battle series, it combined many elements of the <a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy" title="Final Fantasy">Final Fantasy</a> series with Tactics Ogre-style gameplay. It also expanded on the isometric grid combat of Tactics Ogre by allowing players to freely rotate the camera around the battlefield rather than keeping the camera in a fixed position. The storyline of Final Fantasy Tactics was also more linear than its predecessor, in order to provide a deeper epic narrative.<a href="#cite_note-1upparish-35">[33]</a> Thanks to <a href="/wiki/Hiroyuki_Ito" title="Hiroyuki Ito">Hiroyuki Ito</a>, lead designer on the game, it also successfully implemented a modified <a href="/wiki/Job_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Job system">job system</a>, previously used in <a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_V" title="Final Fantasy V">Final Fantasy V</a>, which allowed the player to change a unit's <a href="/wiki/Character_class" title="Character class">character class</a> at any time during the game and learn new abilities from job points earned with each class.<a href="#cite_note-42">[40]</a> The game was acclaimed for both its highly tactical gameplay and its well-written storyline that touches on issues such as class, privilege, religion, and politics.<a href="#cite_note-GameDaily-43">[41]</a> The game's reputation led to other developers adding the word "Tactics" to their titles to indicate the tactical RPG genre.<a href="#cite_note-44">[42]</a> It was later ported to the PSP as <a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_Tactics:_The_War_of_the_Lions" title="Final Fantasy Tactics: The War of the Lions">Final Fantasy Tactics: The War of the Lions</a> and is still regarded as one of the greatest tactical RPGs of all time.<a href="#cite_note-GameDaily-43">[41]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sixth_generation">Sixth generation</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tactical_role-playing_game&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Sixth generation">edit</a>]</div> On <a href="/wiki/History_of_video_game_consoles_(sixth_generation)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of video game consoles (sixth generation)">sixth-generation</a> consoles, a loyal American fan-base has been established by <a href="/wiki/Nippon_Ichi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nippon Ichi">Nippon Ichi</a>, makers of the <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_2" title="PlayStation 2">PlayStation 2</a> games <a href="/wiki/La_Pucelle:_Tactics" title="La Pucelle: Tactics">La Pucelle: Tactics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phantom_Brave" title="Phantom Brave">Phantom Brave</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Disgaea:_Hour_of_Darkness" title="Disgaea: Hour of Darkness">Disgaea: Hour of Darkness</a>.<a href="#cite_note-45">[43]</a> Of these games, Disgaea has been the most successful to date, and was the second Nippon Ichi game released in North America, the first being <a href="/wiki/Rhapsody:_A_Musical_Adventure" title="Rhapsody: A Musical Adventure">Rhapsody: A Musical Adventure</a> (published by Atlus).<a href="#cite_note-1upparish-35">[33]</a> Throughout this generation, companies have recognized the large audience and popularity of these types of games, particularly Atlus and Nintendo. La Pucelle: Tactics and Disgaea: Hour of Darkness, which Atlus re-released due to high demand, have become cult hits for the PlayStation 2.<a href="#cite_note-46">[44]</a> In 2001, <a href="/wiki/Sakura_Wars" title="Sakura Wars">Sakura Wars 3</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Dreamcast" title="Dreamcast">Dreamcast</a> introduced a new combat system that incorporates <a href="/wiki/Action_game" title="Action game">action</a> elements,<a href="#cite_note-1up_valkyria-47">[45]</a> and abandons the use of grids in favour of allowing each character to move around freely across the battlefield but with a limited number of moves each turn illustrated using a bar at the bottom of the screen.<a href="#cite_note-48">[46]</a> This type of combat system would later be the basis for the combat system in <a href="/wiki/Valkyria_Chronicles" title="Valkyria Chronicles">Valkyria Chronicles</a>, developed by much of the same team in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-1up_valkyria-47">[45]</a> The Sakura Wars series would not be released in the West until the fifth game, <a href="/wiki/Sakura_Wars:_So_Long,_My_Love" class="mw-redirect" title="Sakura Wars: So Long, My Love">Sakura Wars: So Long, My Love</a> (2005).<a href="#cite_note-rpgamer_sakura-40">[38]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Front_Mission_series" class="mw-redirect" title="Front Mission series">Front Mission series</a> also continued on to the PlayStation 2, with <a href="/wiki/Front_Mission_4" title="Front Mission 4">Front Mission 4</a> and <a href="/wiki/Front_Mission_5" class="mw-redirect" title="Front Mission 5">5</a>, the latter of which never saw a Western release, but a fan translation. The Game Boy Advance would also see the release of <a href="/wiki/Rebelstar:_Tactical_Command" title="Rebelstar: Tactical Command">Rebelstar: Tactical Command</a> (2005) by <a href="/wiki/X-COM" class="mw-redirect" title="X-COM">X-COM</a> creators, Nick and <a href="/wiki/Julian_Gollop" title="Julian Gollop">Julian Gollop</a>.<a href="#cite_note-gspy_devdry-49">[47]</a> The game would be highly praised for adapting the combat mechanics of the highly detailed and acclaimed PC strategy series, but would also receive criticism for sub-par presentation, a lackluster storyline, and lack of link-mode support.<a href="#cite_note-gspy_rebstar-50">[48]</a> The game ended up receiving an average score of 77.83% at <a href="/wiki/GameRankings" title="GameRankings">GameRankings</a>.<a href="#cite_note-51">[49]</a> In early 2006, <a href="/wiki/Idea_Factory" title="Idea Factory">Idea Factory</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Blazing_Souls" title="Blazing Souls">Blazing Souls</a> featured nonlinear gameplay that allows the player to progress through the game and the story in whatever order they wish. In addition, instead of having separate screens or maps for exploration and battle, the game features a seamless transition between exploration and battle.<a href="#cite_note-52">[50]</a> This time period also saw the Western debut of Fire Emblem in <a href="/wiki/Fire_Emblem:_The_Blazing_Blade" title="Fire Emblem: The Blazing Blade">Fire Emblem: The Blazing Blade</a> (simply titled Fire Emblem outside Japan). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Seventh_generation">Seventh generation</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tactical_role-playing_game&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Seventh generation">edit</a>]</div> On <a href="/wiki/History_of_video_game_consoles_(seventh_generation)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of video game consoles (seventh generation)">seventh-generation</a> consoles, <a href="/wiki/Sega" title="Sega">Sega</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Valkyria_Chronicles_(video_game)" title="Valkyria Chronicles (video game)">Valkyria Chronicles</a> (2008) for the <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_3" title="PlayStation 3">PlayStation 3</a> utilizes the <a href="/wiki/Seventh-generation_console" class="mw-redirect" title="Seventh-generation console">seventh-generation console</a> processing power by using a distinctive anime/watercolor art style, as well as incorporating <a href="/wiki/Third-person_shooter" title="Third-person shooter">third-person</a> <a href="/wiki/Tactical_shooter" title="Tactical shooter">tactical shooter</a> elements. After selecting a character in the overhead map view, the player manually controls him/her from a <a href="/wiki/Third-person_(video_games)" title="Third-person (video games)">third-person</a> view. This mechanic allows for, among others: free movement to a certain range, <a href="/wiki/Free_look" title="Free look">manual aiming</a> with extra damage for headshots, a limited <a href="/wiki/Cover_system" title="Cover system">cover system</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Real-time_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Real-time game">real-time</a> hazards, such as interception fire and <a href="/wiki/Landmines" class="mw-redirect" title="Landmines">landmines</a>. The game has been described as "the missing link between <a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_Tactics" title="Final Fantasy Tactics">Final Fantasy Tactics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Full_Spectrum_Warrior" title="Full Spectrum Warrior">Full Spectrum Warrior</a>".<a href="#cite_note-IGN-Valkyria-53">[51]</a> In 2004, <a href="/wiki/Konami" title="Konami">Konami</a> released <a href="/wiki/Metal_Gear_Acid" title="Metal Gear Acid">Metal Gear Acid</a>, which combined the <a href="/wiki/Stealth_game" title="Stealth game">stealth game</a> elements of the <a href="/wiki/Metal_Gear_(series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Metal Gear (series)">Metal Gear</a> series with turn-based tactical RPG gameplay of games like Fire Emblem, Final Fantasy Tactics, and Disgaea, along with the random-draw, forethought and <a href="/wiki/Resource_management_(gaming)" class="mw-redirect" title="Resource management (gaming)">resource management</a> appeal of card battles like in Konami's own <a href="/wiki/Yu-Gi-Oh!" title="Yu-Gi-Oh!">Yu-Gi-Oh!</a> games (1999 onwards).<a href="#cite_note-Acid-54">[52]</a> Developer <a href="/wiki/Kuju_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuju Entertainment">Kuju Entertainment</a> released <a href="/wiki/Dungeons_%26_Dragons_Tactics" title="Dungeons & Dragons Tactics">Dungeons & Dragons Tactics</a> for the PlayStation Portable in 2007. The game intended to adapt the rules and mechanics of the popular table-top role-playing game, <a href="/wiki/Dungeons_%26_Dragons" title="Dungeons & Dragons">Dungeons & Dragons</a>, but suffered from a poor interface and awkward camera controls.<a href="#cite_note-gspot_dndt-55">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-1up_dndt-56">[54]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Atlus" title="Atlus">Atlus</a> title <a href="/wiki/Shin_Megami_Tensei:_Devil_Survivor" title="Shin Megami Tensei: Devil Survivor">Shin Megami Tensei: Devil Survivor</a> (2009) blended together both traditional and tactical RPG gameplay along with non-linear <a href="/wiki/Adventure_game" title="Adventure game">adventure game</a> elements.<a href="#cite_note-57">[55]</a> It also featured an innovative demon auction system and a death clock system where each character has a specified time of death,<a href="#cite_note-58">[56]</a> with the player's actions and choices having consequences on who lives and dies.<a href="#cite_note-Devil-Survivor-29">[27]</a> <a href="/wiki/Infinite_Space" title="Infinite Space">Infinite Space</a> (2009) by <a href="/wiki/PlatinumGames" title="PlatinumGames">PlatinumGames</a>, for the Nintendo DS, is a hybrid of tactical role-playing, real-time strategy and <a href="/wiki/Space_flight_simulator_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Space flight simulator game">space simulator</a> elements,<a href="#cite_note-n-europe_space-59">[57]</a> and features a <a href="/wiki/Nonlinear_gameplay" title="Nonlinear gameplay">non-linear branching narrative</a> with numerous choices that can have dramatic consequences,<a href="#cite_note-rpgamer_space-60">[58]</a> and an epic scale spanning hundreds of planets.<a href="#cite_note-61">[59]</a> <a href="/wiki/Radiant_Historia" title="Radiant Historia">Radiant Historia</a>, released by Atlus for the <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_DS" title="Nintendo DS">Nintendo DS</a> in 2010, combined the gameplay of traditional RPG titles with a highly tactical grid combat system, with several unique features such as a queue allowing party members to switch turns and perform combo attacks when near each other on the queue, and the manipulation of enemy positions by knocking a target onto another grid space and attack multiple targets when enemies fall onto the same grid space.<a href="#cite_note-Radiant-Historia-62">[60]</a> The game is most notable for its unique take on the concept of <a href="/wiki/Nonlinear_narrative" title="Nonlinear narrative">non-linear</a> branching storylines, which it combines with the concepts of time travel and <a href="/wiki/Multiverse" title="Multiverse">parallel universes</a>, expanding on the <a href="/wiki/Chrono_(series)" title="Chrono (series)">Chrono</a> series. Radiant Historia takes it much further by giving players the freedom to travel backwards and forwards through a timeline to alter the course of history, with each of their choices and actions having a major effect on the timeline. The player can return to certain points in history and live through certain events again to make different choices and see different possible outcomes on the timeline.<a href="#cite_note-Radiant-Historia-62">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[61]</a> The player can also travel back and forth between two parallel timelines,<a href="#cite_note-64">[62]</a> and can obtain many possible parallel <a href="/wiki/Multiple_endings" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiple endings">endings</a>.<a href="#cite_note-65">[63]</a> <a href="/wiki/Square_Enix" title="Square Enix">Square Enix</a>'s PSP version of <a href="/wiki/Tactics_Ogre:_Let_Us_Cling_Together" class="mw-redirect" title="Tactics Ogre: Let Us Cling Together">Tactics Ogre: Let Us Cling Together</a>, released around the same time, featured a similar "World" system that allows players to revisit key plot points and make different choices to see how the story unfolds differently.<a href="#cite_note-66">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[65]</a> <a href="/wiki/Atlus" title="Atlus">Atlus</a> title <a href="/wiki/Growlanser_IV:_Wayfarer_of_the_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Growlanser IV: Wayfarer of the Time">Growlanser IV: Wayfarer of the Time</a> (2012)<a href="#cite_note-68">[66]</a> features a unique battle system that blends turn-based and real-time strategy. The player controls each character in turn, but the actions play out in real-time. <a href="/wiki/Imageepoch" title="Imageepoch">Imageepoch</a>'s title Saigo no Yakusoku no Monogatari (Final Promise Story) for the PlayStation Portable has a strategic command-based battle system where enemies learn from previous skirmishes. The characters can also die permanently during gameplay which in turn affects the game's storyline.<a href="#cite_note-Escapist-Imageepoch-30">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Western_personal_computers">Western personal computers</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tactical_role-playing_game&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Western personal computers">edit</a>]</div> Many Western PC games have utilized this genre for years, as well. Western games tend to have stronger military themes, without many of the fantasy elements often found in their console (and mainly Japanese) counterparts, as well as greater freedom of movement when interacting with the surrounding environment.<a href="#cite_note-1up_daj-69">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-1upkat_valkchro-70">[68]</a> Notable examples include the <a href="/wiki/Jagged_Alliance_(series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jagged Alliance (series)">Jagged Alliance</a> series (1994-2018)<a href="#cite_note-gamershell_pc-71">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-gamehelper-72">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-rpgvault_ja2-73">[71]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Silent_Storm" title="Silent Storm">Silent Storm</a> series (2003-2005),<a href="#cite_note-gamehelper-72">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-rpgvault_ss-74">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-gspot_ss1-75">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-gspot_ss2-76">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-justrpg-77">[75]</a> with many titles owing considerably to the <a href="/wiki/X-COM" class="mw-redirect" title="X-COM">X-COM</a> series (1994-2016) of strategy games.<a href="#cite_note-1up_daj-69">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-gamershell_pc-71">[69]</a> In fact, Western PC games in the genre were largely defined by X-COM in much the same way as Eastern console games were by Fire Emblem.<a href="#cite_note-1upkat_xcom-78">[76]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1990s">1990s</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tactical_role-playing_game&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 1990s">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Lords_of_Chaos_(video_game)" title="Lords of Chaos (video game)">Lords of Chaos</a> (1990) came about when <a href="/wiki/Julian_Gollop" title="Julian Gollop">Julian Gollop</a> wanted to add more role-playing elements to his 1985 video game <a href="/wiki/Chaos:_The_Battle_of_Wizards" title="Chaos: The Battle of Wizards">Chaos: The Battle of Wizards</a>, which was more of a tactical wargame.<a href="#cite_note-79">[77]</a> <a href="/wiki/Incubation:_Time_Is_Running_Out" title="Incubation: Time Is Running Out">Incubation: Time Is Running Out</a> (1997),<a href="#cite_note-gamershell_pc-71">[69]</a> part of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_Isle_series" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle Isle series">Battle Isle</a> series, was one of the first <a href="/wiki/Strategy_game" title="Strategy game">strategy</a> titles to use fully <a href="/wiki/3D_computer_graphics" title="3D computer graphics">3D graphics</a> and support hardware acceleration on the <a href="/wiki/3dfx#Early_history" title="3dfx">3dfx Voodoo</a>. Other titles in the series are mainly <a href="/wiki/Tactical_wargames" class="mw-redirect" title="Tactical wargames">tactical wargames</a> featuring vehicle combat and base capturing. The game was generally well received by critics.<a href="#cite_note-grank_incub-80">[78]</a> <a href="/wiki/Gorky_17" title="Gorky 17">Gorky 17</a> (1999, a.k.a. Odium) is a tactical RPG by Polish developer <a href="/wiki/Metropolis_Software" title="Metropolis Software">Metropolis Software</a> featuring elements of <a href="/wiki/Survival_horror" title="Survival horror">survival horror</a>. It is also the first title in a series featuring the main character, Cole Sullivan. Later titles in the series were <a href="/wiki/Third-person_shooter" title="Third-person shooter">third-person shooters</a>. The game's reception was mixed.<a href="#cite_note-grank_gorky-81">[79]</a> <a href="/wiki/Vantage_Master" title="Vantage Master">Vantage Master</a> is a series of tactical RPGs similar to <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Monsters" class="mw-redirect" title="Master of Monsters">Master of Monsters</a> developed and published by <a href="/wiki/Nihon_Falcom" title="Nihon Falcom">Nihon Falcom</a> for Microsoft Windows, beginning in 1997. The first game in the series was never released outside <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>. The latest game, Vantage Master Portable for the <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Portable" title="PlayStation Portable">PSP</a>,<a href="#cite_note-vmp-82">[80]</a> was released on April 24, 2008. <a href="/wiki/Jagged_Alliance_(video_game)" title="Jagged Alliance (video game)">Jagged Alliance</a> is a tactical turn-based RPG series developed by <a href="/wiki/Sir-Tech_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir-Tech Canada">Sir-Tech Canada</a> released in 1995, with <a href="/wiki/Jagged_Alliance_2" title="Jagged Alliance 2">a sequel released in 1999</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Jagged_Alliance_3" title="Jagged Alliance 3">third game in the series</a>, developed by <a href="/wiki/Haemimont_Games" title="Haemimont Games">Haemimont Games</a> and published by <a href="/wiki/THQ_Nordic" title="THQ Nordic">THQ Nordic</a>, was released in 2023. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2000s">2000s</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tactical_role-playing_game&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 2000s">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Silent_Storm_pose.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Silent_Storm_pose.JPG/220px-Silent_Storm_pose.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Silent_Storm_pose.JPG/330px-Silent_Storm_pose.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/41/Silent_Storm_pose.JPG 2x" data-file-width="365" data-file-height="273" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Silent_Storm" title="Silent Storm">Silent Storm</a> presents the player with two sets of equipped weapons, numerous stances, and several different firing modes. Terrain elevation is also completely fluid, with smooth ramps, sloping embankments, flights of stairs and ladders (not pictured).</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Shadow_Watch" title="Shadow Watch">Shadow Watch</a> (2000) is a video game adaptation of the <a href="/wiki/Tom_Clancy%27s_Power_Plays" title="Tom Clancy's Power Plays">Tom Clancy's Power Plays</a> novel of the same name developed by <a href="/wiki/Red_Storm_Entertainment" title="Red Storm Entertainment">Red Storm Entertainment</a>. It has also been compared to X-COM,<a href="#cite_note-ign_sw-83">[81]</a> though it features a different action point system and is missing the latter game's upgradable units. The game's reception was mixed.<a href="#cite_note-grank_swatch-84">[82]</a> <a href="/wiki/Fallout_Tactics:_Brotherhood_of_Steel" title="Fallout Tactics: Brotherhood of Steel">Fallout Tactics: Brotherhood of Steel</a> (2001)<a href="#cite_note-gamebanshee-85">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-rpgamer-86">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-rpgdot_ss-87">[85]</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Spin-off_(media)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spin-off (media)">spin-off</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Fallout_(franchise)" title="Fallout (franchise)">Fallout</a> series of CRPGs by <a href="/wiki/Interplay_Entertainment" title="Interplay Entertainment">Interplay Entertainment</a> developed by Australian company <a href="/wiki/Micro_Fort%C3%A9" title="Micro Forté">Micro Forté</a>. Unusual for the genre is the option to choose between real-time and turn-based play, or between "Continuous Turn-Based Mode" (CTB), "Individual Turn-Based Mode" (ITB), and "Squad Turn-Based Mode" (STB) modes as the developers put it.<a href="#cite_note-88">[86]</a> The game even allows the player to switch modes in the middle of play.<a href="#cite_note-rpgamer-86">[84]</a> The game received generally favorable reviews from critics,<a href="#cite_note-meta_fot-89">[87]</a> though was not as well-received as the series' more traditional RPG titles. <a href="/wiki/Soldiers_of_Anarchy" title="Soldiers of Anarchy">Soldiers of Anarchy</a> (2002) is a squad-based <a href="/wiki/Real-time_tactics" title="Real-time tactics">real-time tactics</a> computer game by German developer <a href="/wiki/Silver_Style_Entertainment" title="Silver Style Entertainment">Silver Style Entertainment</a>. Gameplay involves squad tactics, vehicles and a wide variety of weapons and ammunition. The game received mixed reviews from critics.<a href="#cite_note-meta_soa-90">[88]</a> <a href="/wiki/Freedom_Force_(2002_video_game)" title="Freedom Force (2002 video game)">Freedom Force</a> (2002)<a href="#cite_note-rpgplanet_ff-91">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-gspot_ff-92">[90]</a> and its sequel, <a href="/wiki/Freedom_Force_vs._the_Third_Reich" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom Force vs. the Third Reich">Freedom Force vs. the Third Reich</a> (2005)<a href="#cite_note-firingsquad-93">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-ign_ffvtr-94">[92]</a> - both by <a href="/wiki/Irrational_Games" title="Irrational Games">Irrational Games</a> - are two examples of comic book <a href="/wiki/Superhero" title="Superhero">superhero</a> tactical RPGs that are played in real-time instead of turns. Both games received favorable reviews from critics.<a href="#cite_note-meta_fforce-95">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-meta_ffvttr-96">[94]</a> <a href="/wiki/Paradise_Cracked" title="Paradise Cracked">Paradise Cracked</a> (2003),<a href="#cite_note-gamershell_pc-71">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-rpgv_pc-97">[95]</a> COPS 2170: The Power of Law (2005), Metalheart: Replicants Rampage (2004)<a href="#cite_note-tvg_mrr-98">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-gspot_mhrr-99">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-metacritic_mrr-100">[98]</a> and Shadow Vault (2004)<a href="#cite_note-sf_sv-101">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-ign_sv-102">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-gwn_sv-103">[101]</a> are poorly received<a href="#cite_note-metacritic_mrr-100">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-mc_pc-104">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-mg_sv-105">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-metacritic_cops-106">[104]</a> tactical RPGs by <a href="/wiki/MiST_Land_South" class="mw-redirect" title="MiST Land South">MiST Land South</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akella" title="Akella">Akella</a> and Mayhem Studios of Russia and Slovakia, respectively. Paradise Cracked was inspired by <a href="/wiki/Cyberpunk" title="Cyberpunk">cyberpunk</a> works such as <a href="/wiki/The_Matrix" title="The Matrix">The Matrix</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blade_Runner" title="Blade Runner">Blade Runner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghost_in_the_Shell" title="Ghost in the Shell">Ghost in the Shell</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Philip_K._Dick" title="Philip K. Dick">Philip K. Dick</a> novels;<a href="#cite_note-gamershell_pc-71">[69]</a> and Metalheart: Replicants Rampage is a post-apocalyptic <a href="/wiki/Cyberpunk" title="Cyberpunk">cyberpunk</a> tactical RPG inspired by Jagged Alliance, <a href="/wiki/Syndicate_(computer_game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Syndicate (computer game)">Syndicate</a>, and Fallout.<a href="#cite_note-tvg_mrr-98">[96]</a> COPS 2170: The Power of Law is set in the same "Reality 4.13" universe that first appeared in Paradise Cracked. <a href="/wiki/Hammer_%26_Sickle" title="Hammer & Sickle">Hammer & Sickle</a> (2005)<a href="#cite_note-gamezone-107">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-gamecritics-108">[106]</a> is a tactical RPG co-developed by Russian companies Novik & Co and <a href="/wiki/Nival_Interactive" class="mw-redirect" title="Nival Interactive">Nival Interactive</a>, and published by <a href="/wiki/CDV_Software_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="CDV Software Entertainment">CDV</a>. It is set in the Silent Storm universe and follows the events in the main series. After this came <a href="/wiki/Night_Watch_(computer_game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Night Watch (computer game)">Night Watch</a> (2006)<a href="#cite_note-gamehelper-72">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-GameSpot-109">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-euro_nw-110">[108]</a> and its sequel, <a href="/wiki/Day_Watch_(video_game)" title="Day Watch (video game)">Day Watch</a> (2007), also by Nival Interactive, but instead based on the Russian <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Lukyanenko" title="Sergei Lukyanenko">novels and films</a> of the same name. All three games received mediocre-to-poor review scores despite utilizing the highly regarded <a href="/wiki/Silent_Storm_engine" title="Silent Storm engine">Silent Storm engine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-meta_hamsic-111">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-meta_nitwat-112">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-meta_daywat-113">[111]</a> Other titles inspired<a href="#cite_note-pcgamer_be5-114">[112]</a> by Jagged Alliance include <a href="/wiki/Brigade_E5:_New_Jagged_Union" title="Brigade E5: New Jagged Union">Brigade E5: New Jagged Union</a> (2006)<a href="#cite_note-pcgamer_be5-114">[112]</a> and its sequel, simply titled 7.62 (2007), by Russian developer Apeiron; <a href="/wiki/Hired_Guns:_The_Jagged_Edge" title="Hired Guns: The Jagged Edge">Hired Guns: The Jagged Edge</a> (2007) by GFI Russia; and <a href="/wiki/Jagged_Alliance:_Back_in_Action" title="Jagged Alliance: Back in Action">Jagged Alliance: Back in Action</a> by bitComposer Games. The Brigade E5 series incorporates an innovative hybrid real-time system the company calls "Smart Pause Mode" in an attempt to heighten realism;<a href="#cite_note-tc762-115">[113]</a> Hired Guns: The Jagged Edge began its life as Jagged Alliance 3D before Strategy First withdrew the rights to the series name;<a href="#cite_note-116">[114]</a> Jagged Alliance: Back in Action is a 3D, real-time <a href="/wiki/Video_game_remake" title="Video game remake">remake</a> of Jagged Alliance 2.<a href="#cite_note-117">[115]</a> Lastly, <a href="/wiki/Jagged_Alliance:_Flashback" title="Jagged Alliance: Flashback">Jagged Alliance: Flashback</a> was released in 2014 following a successful <a href="/wiki/Kickstarter" title="Kickstarter">Kickstarter</a>.<a href="#cite_note-118">[116]</a> The developer Full Control gained notoriety, however, for feuding with its backers,<a href="#cite_note-119">[117]</a> and the company stopped making games shortly thereafter.<a href="#cite_note-120">[118]</a> Additional titles inspired by X-COM include <a href="/wiki/UFO:_Aftermath" title="UFO: Aftermath">UFO: Aftermath</a> (2003), <a href="/wiki/UFO:_Aftershock" title="UFO: Aftershock">UFO: Aftershock</a> (2005),<a href="#cite_note-gwn_ufoas-121">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-tc_ufoas-122">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-gamingtarget_ufoas-123">[121]</a> <a href="/wiki/UFO:_Afterlight" title="UFO: Afterlight">UFO: Afterlight</a> (2007) and <a href="/wiki/UFO:_Extraterrestrials" title="UFO: Extraterrestrials">UFO: Extraterrestrials</a> (2007) by Czech developers ALTAR Interactive and Chaos Concept;<a href="#cite_note-sc_ufo-124">[122]</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Xenonauts" title="Xenonauts">Xenonauts</a> (2014) by Goldhawk Interactive.<a href="#cite_note-si_ufoai-125">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[125]</a> ALTAR's UFO series features real-time play; Chaos Concept's UFO: Extraterrestrials received only mixed reviews;<a href="#cite_note-mcrit_ufoextra-128">[126]</a> and Xenonauts currently has a "Very Positive" rating on Steam.<a href="#cite_note-129">[127]</a> The open source, cross-platform X-COM-clone <a href="/wiki/UFO:_Alien_Invasion" title="UFO: Alien Invasion">UFO: Alien Invasion</a> is also under development. <a href="/wiki/The_Battle_for_Wesnoth" title="The Battle for Wesnoth">The Battle for Wesnoth</a> (2005) is another Master of Monsters and Warsong clone, released under an <a href="/wiki/Open_source_license" class="mw-redirect" title="Open source license">open source license</a> for multiple platforms.<a href="#cite_note-MeriStation-33">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-pctech-130">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-macworld-131">[129]</a> It is also continually updated. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2010s">2010s</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tactical_role-playing_game&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 2010s">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs expansion. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tactical_role-playing_game&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. (November 2012)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> The tactical isometric cyberpunk/fantasy RPG, <a href="/wiki/Shadowrun_Returns" title="Shadowrun Returns">Shadowrun Returns</a> (2013), was funded via a successful crowd-sourced <a href="/wiki/Kickstarter" title="Kickstarter">Kickstarter</a> campaign that raised a total of $1.9 million for development.<a href="#cite_note-132">[130]</a> The game is based on the popular <a href="/wiki/Shadowrun" title="Shadowrun">Shadowrun</a> pen-and-paper setting by <a href="/wiki/Jordan_Weisman" title="Jordan Weisman">Jordan Weisman</a>, and features tactical combat in a world filled with cybernetics, <a href="/wiki/Magic_in_fiction" title="Magic in fiction">magic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fantasy" title="Fantasy">fantasy</a> creatures.<a href="#cite_note-133">[131]</a> Two sequels, <a href="/wiki/Shadowrun:_Dragonfall" title="Shadowrun: Dragonfall">Shadowrun: Dragonfall</a> (2014) and <a href="/wiki/Shadowrun:_Hong_Kong" title="Shadowrun: Hong Kong">Shadowrun: Hong Kong</a> (2015) quickly followed. An online tactical game not directly related to the previous three games, <a href="/wiki/Shadowrun_Chronicles:_Boston_Lockdown" title="Shadowrun Chronicles: Boston Lockdown">Shadowrun Chronicles: Boston Lockdown</a>, was released to less-than-positive reviews in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-134">[132]</a> In 2014 the tactical RPG <a href="/wiki/The_Dark_Eye:_Blackguards" class="mw-redirect" title="The Dark Eye: Blackguards">Blackguards</a> based on the German <a href="/wiki/The_Dark_Eye_(role-playing_game)" title="The Dark Eye (role-playing game)">The Dark Eye</a> pen-and-paper setting was released to mixed or average reviews.<a href="#cite_note-135">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[134]</a> A sequel, <a href="/wiki/Blackguards_2" title="Blackguards 2">Blackguards 2</a>, was released one year later. In 2014, <a href="/wiki/The_Banner_Saga" title="The Banner Saga">The Banner Saga</a> was released, the first chapter of a TRPG trilogy that would lead to <a href="/wiki/The_Banner_Saga_2" title="The Banner Saga 2">two</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Banner_Saga_3" title="The Banner Saga 3">sequels</a>. 2015 saw the release of <a href="/wiki/Invisible,_Inc." title="Invisible, Inc.">Invisible, Inc.</a> for OS X, Windows and Linux. It has been described as a "tactical RPG that mixes stealth with procedural generation", since it introduces elements of espionage and <a href="/wiki/Roguelike" title="Roguelike">roguelike</a> gameplay.<a href="#cite_note-invinc-137">[135]</a> It received generally favorable scores from reviewers.<a href="#cite_note-138">[136]</a> A version for the <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_4" title="PlayStation 4">PlayStation 4</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-140">[138]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Switch" title="Nintendo Switch">Nintendo Switch</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[139]</a> has been released. In March 2017 the <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">German</a> indie developer Overhype Studios released its tactical RPG <a href="/wiki/Battle_Brothers" title="Battle Brothers">Battle Brothers</a> out of <a href="/wiki/Early_Access" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Access">Early Access</a> to generally favorable reviews.<a href="#cite_note-142">[140]</a> This mercenary company simulation was described as a "cleverly constructed, carefully balanced board game".<a href="#cite_note-143">[141]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Genre_blurring">Genre blurring</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tactical_role-playing_game&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Genre blurring">edit</a>]</div> Other games combine similar mechanics, but typically belong in other genres. <a href="/wiki/Wargame_(video_games)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wargame (video games)">Tactical wargames</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Steel_Panthers" title="Steel Panthers">Steel Panthers</a> series (1995–2006) sometimes combine tactical military combat with RPG-derived unit advancement. <a href="/wiki/Avalon_Hill%27s_Squad_Leader" title="Avalon Hill's Squad Leader">Avalon Hill's Squad Leader</a> (2000), a <a href="/wiki/Man-to-man_wargame" title="Man-to-man wargame">man-to-man wargame</a> utilizing the <a href="/wiki/Soldiers_at_War" title="Soldiers at War">Soldiers at War</a> engine, has also been compared (unfavorably) to X-COM and Jagged Alliance.<a href="#cite_note-ign_ahsl-144">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-cnet_ahsl-145">[143]</a> <a href="/wiki/Rebelstar_(series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rebelstar (series)">Rebelstar</a> (1984) and <a href="/wiki/Laser_Squad" title="Laser Squad">Laser Squad</a> (1988) were precursors to <a href="/wiki/X-COM" class="mw-redirect" title="X-COM">X-COM</a> created by the same developer, <a href="/wiki/Julian_Gollop" title="Julian Gollop">Julian Gollop</a>. They did not, however, feature the <a href="/wiki/Experience_point" title="Experience point">statistical character development</a> and strategic map of the later series.<a href="#cite_note-bickhamxcom-146">[144]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bokosuka_Wars" title="Bokosuka Wars">Bokosuka Wars</a> (1983), a game regarded as the progenitor of the strategy/simulation RPG genre,<a href="#cite_note-Nintendo-Bokosuka-14">[13]</a> is also difficult to clearly define. While often referred to as a strategy/simulation RPG,<a href="#cite_note-Nintendo-Bokosuka-14">[13]</a> it is also sometimes referred to as a prototype <a href="/wiki/Real-time_strategy" title="Real-time strategy">real-time strategy</a>,<a href="#cite_note-1UP-Druaga-22">[20]</a> an early reverse <a href="/wiki/Tower_defense" title="Tower defense">tower defense</a> game,<a href="#cite_note-Gamasutra-Gems-147">[145]</a> and an early <a href="/wiki/Action_role-playing_game" title="Action role-playing game">action role-playing game</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Gamasutra-Gems-147">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[146]</a> <a href="/wiki/Nobunaga%27s_Ambition" title="Nobunaga's Ambition">Nobunaga's Ambition</a> (1983) and later <a href="/wiki/Koei" title="Koei">Koei</a> titles as well as Capcom's <a href="/wiki/Destiny_of_an_Emperor" title="Destiny of an Emperor">Destiny of an Emperor</a> (1989) have blurred the line between a role-playing game, turn-based <a href="/wiki/Grand_strategy_wargame" title="Grand strategy wargame">grand strategy wargame</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Simulation_video_game" title="Simulation video game">simulation video game</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Vestal-149">[147]</a> Similarly, Kure Software Koubou's Silver Ghost (1988) combined elements of both tactical RPGs and action RPGs,<a href="#cite_note-GamesTM-24">[22]</a> while <a href="/wiki/Ogre_Battle:_March_of_the_Black_Queen" class="mw-redirect" title="Ogre Battle: March of the Black Queen">Ogre Battle: March of the Black Queen</a> (1993) blurred the line between a tactical RPG and a real-time strategy.<a href="#cite_note-Ogre-Battle-34">[32]</a> <a href="/wiki/Metal_Gear_Acid" title="Metal Gear Acid">Metal Gear Acid</a> (2004) blurs the line between a <a href="/wiki/Stealth_game" title="Stealth game">stealth game</a>, a genre the <a href="/wiki/Metal_Gear_(series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Metal Gear (series)">Metal Gear</a> series is normally known for, along with tactical role-playing inspired by the likes of Fire Emblem and Final Fantasy Tactics, infused with card gameplay found in games like Konami's own <a href="/wiki/Yu-Gi-Oh!" title="Yu-Gi-Oh!">Yu-Gi-Oh!</a> series.<a href="#cite_note-Acid-54">[52]</a> In addition to a turn-based tactical combat layer, the X-COM series also possesses a real-time 3D strategic layer, complete with global defensive map as well as a technology tree that the player must research in order to unlock new weapons and armor. Jagged Alliance 2 features a country sector map with fortified towns and roving bands of enemies that must be defeated before entering the capital city of Meduna. <a href="/wiki/Knights_in_the_Nightmare" title="Knights in the Nightmare">Knights in the Nightmare</a> (2009) combines elements of traditional tactical RPGs with <a href="/wiki/Bullet_hell" title="Bullet hell">bullet hell</a>–style <a href="/wiki/Shoot_%27em_up" title="Shoot 'em up">shoot 'em up</a> gameplay.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Sega's <a href="/wiki/Valkyria_Chronicles_(video_game)" title="Valkyria Chronicles (video game)">Valkyria Chronicles</a> (2008) blurs the line even further by incorporating tactical RPG gameplay with both real-time strategy and <a href="/wiki/Third-person_shooter" title="Third-person shooter">third-person</a> <a href="/wiki/Tactical_shooter" title="Tactical shooter">tactical shooter</a> elements, including over-the-shoulder <a href="/wiki/Free_look" title="Free look">manual aiming</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Cover_system" title="Cover system">cover system</a>. This has led to the game being described by one source as "the missing link between <a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_Tactics" title="Final Fantasy Tactics">Final Fantasy Tactics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Full_Spectrum_Warrior" title="Full Spectrum Warrior">Full Spectrum Warrior</a>".<a href="#cite_note-IGN-Valkyria-53">[51]</a> In an interview with Eurogamer, X-COM developer <a href="/wiki/Julian_Gollop" title="Julian Gollop">Julian Gollop</a> mentioned how surprised he was how close Valkyria Chronicles was in design to his cancelled game Dreamland Chronicles.<a href="#cite_note-bickhamxcom-146">[144]</a> <a href="/wiki/Infinite_Space" title="Infinite Space">Infinite Space</a> (2009) by <a href="/wiki/PlatinumGames" title="PlatinumGames">PlatinumGames</a> is a hybrid of tactical RPG, real-time strategy, and <a href="/wiki/Space_flight_simulator_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Space flight simulator game">space simulator</a>.<a href="#cite_note-n-europe_space-59">[57]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_3rd_Birthday" title="The 3rd Birthday">The 3rd Birthday</a> (2010), the third game in the <a href="/wiki/Parasite_Eve_(series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Parasite Eve (series)">Parasite Eve</a> series, features a unique blend of <a href="/wiki/Action_role-playing_game" title="Action role-playing game">action role-playing game</a>, real-time tactical RPG, <a href="/wiki/Survival_horror" title="Survival horror">survival horror</a> and third-person tactical shooter elements.<a href="#cite_note-150">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-151">[149]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dead_State" title="Dead State">Dead State</a> (2014) is a turn-based RPG developed by <a href="/wiki/DoubleBear_Productions" title="DoubleBear Productions">DoubleBear Productions</a> and Iron Tower Studios set in a <a href="/wiki/Zombie_apocalypse" title="Zombie apocalypse">zombie apocalypse</a> scenario. Players are tasked with leading a group of survivors living in a shelter in the fictional town of Splendid, <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-152">[150]</a> Dead State mixes tactical combat and RPG character development with <a href="/wiki/Survival_horror" title="Survival horror">survival horror</a> and <a href="/wiki/Construction_and_management_simulation" title="Construction and management simulation">base management</a> elements. An "enhanced edition" was released in 2015 under the name, Dead State: Reanimated.<a href="#cite_note-153">[151]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Full-fledged_CRPGs">Full-fledged CRPGs</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tactical_role-playing_game&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Full-fledged CRPGs">edit</a>]</div> A number of "full-fledged" computer role-playing games could also be described as having "tactical combat". Examples from the classic era of CRPGs include parts of the aforementioned <a href="/wiki/Ultima_(series)" title="Ultima (series)">Ultima</a> series<a href="#cite_note-nexus_ultima-154">[152]</a> beginning with <a href="/wiki/Ultima_III:_Exodus" title="Ultima III: Exodus">Ultima III: Exodus</a> (1983);<a href="#cite_note-barton_3623_04-12">[11]</a> SSI's <a href="/wiki/Wizard%27s_Crown" title="Wizard's Crown">Wizard's Crown</a> (1985) and <a href="/wiki/The_Eternal_Dagger" title="The Eternal Dagger">The Eternal Dagger</a> (1987);<a href="#cite_note-bart2007c-155">[153]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Realms_of_Arkania:_Blade_of_Destiny" title="Realms of Arkania: Blade of Destiny">Realms of Arkania</a> (1992-1996) series based on the German <a href="/wiki/The_Dark_Eye_(role-playing_game)" title="The Dark Eye (role-playing game)">The Dark Eye</a> pen-and-paper system;<a href="#cite_note-bart2007c-155">[153]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Gold_Box" title="Gold Box">Gold Box</a> games of the late '80s and early '90s - many of which were later ported to Japanese <a href="/wiki/Video_game_platforms" class="mw-redirect" title="Video game platforms">video game systems</a>.<a href="#cite_note-bart2007b-156">[154]</a> Other examples include <a href="/wiki/Troika_Games" title="Troika Games">Troika Games</a>' <a href="/wiki/The_Temple_of_Elemental_Evil_(computer_game)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Temple of Elemental Evil (computer game)">The Temple of Elemental Evil</a> (2003), which features a highly accurate implementation of the Dungeons & Dragons <a href="/wiki/Dnd_3.5" class="mw-redirect" title="Dnd 3.5">3.5 edition</a> ruleset;<a href="#cite_note-toee-157">[155]</a> Knights of the Chalice (2009), which implements the d20 <a href="/wiki/Open_Game_License" title="Open Game License">Open Game License</a>;<a href="#cite_note-kotaku_kotc-158">[156]</a> and Pyrrhic Tales: Prelude to Darkness (2002), an <a href="/wiki/Open_world" title="Open world">open world</a> RPG featuring one continuous game world.<a href="#cite_note-rps_agedec-159">[157]</a> More recent examples include <a href="/wiki/Wasteland_2" title="Wasteland 2">Wasteland 2</a> (2014),<a href="#cite_note-160">[158]</a> <a href="/wiki/Divinity:_Original_Sin" title="Divinity: Original Sin">Divinity: Original Sin</a> (2014)<a href="#cite_note-161">[159]</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Age_of_Decadence" title="The Age of Decadence">The Age of Decadence</a> (2015). Partly due to the success of Wasteland 2, Divinity: Original Sin, Shadowrun: Dragonfall, Blackguards and Dead State, 2014 has been labeled "the first year of the CRPG renaissance".<a href="#cite_note-162">[160]</a> Tir-nan-óg (beginning in 1984) is a series of role-playing video games that premiered in Japan on the <a href="/wiki/NEC_PC-9801" class="mw-redirect" title="NEC PC-9801">PC98</a> and later released for <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a>. The latest title in the series is also being released for the <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_2" title="PlayStation 2">PlayStation 2</a> and PSP.<a href="#cite_note-rpgf_tno-163">[161]</a> <a href="/wiki/Heroes_of_Jin_Yong" title="Heroes of Jin Yong">Heroes of Jin Yong</a> (1996), a Chinese role-playing game based on the popular historical <a href="/wiki/Wuxia" title="Wuxia">Wuxia</a> novels by <a href="/wiki/Jin_Yong" title="Jin Yong">Jin Yong</a>, features a number of melee and ranged <a href="/wiki/Kung_fu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kung fu">kung fu</a> skills to train and develop, as well as a grid-based battle system.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] A remake of the game under the title of Tale of Wuxia was released in Chinese in 2015,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] and later on <a href="/wiki/Steam_(service)" title="Steam (service)">Steam</a> in both Chinese and English in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-164">[162]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Massively_multiplayer_online_gaming">Massively multiplayer online gaming</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tactical_role-playing_game&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Massively multiplayer online gaming">edit</a>]</div> Several <a href="/wiki/Massively_multiplayer_online_game" title="Massively multiplayer online game">massively multiplayer online games</a> (MMOs) have combined multiplayer online gaming with tactical turn-based combat. Examples include, <a href="/wiki/Dofus" title="Dofus">Dofus</a> (2005), <a href="/wiki/The_Continuum" title="The Continuum">The Continuum</a> (2008), as well as the Russian game Total Influence Online (2009).<a href="#cite_note-gamedev_comp-165">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-TheContinuum-166">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[165]</a> Tactica Online was a planned MMORPG that would have featured tactical combat, had development not been cancelled in 2006.<a href="#cite_note-tacticaonline-168">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-gspot_to-169">[167]</a> Gunrox (2008), <a href="/wiki/Poxnora" class="mw-redirect" title="Poxnora">Poxnora</a> (2006) and <a href="/wiki/Wakfu" title="Wakfu">Wakfu</a> (2012) are some other recent examples.<a href="#cite_note-170">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-171">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-172">[170]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Popularity">Popularity</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tactical_role-playing_game&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Popularity">edit</a>]</div> Many tactical RPGs can be both extremely time-consuming and extremely difficult. Hence, the appeal of most tactical RPGs is to the hardcore, not casual, computer and video game player.<a href="#cite_note-1upkat_strategery-173">[171]</a> Traditionally, tactical RPGs have been quite popular in <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> but have not enjoyed the same degree of success in North America and elsewhere.<a href="#cite_note-cnet_vhearts2-174">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-mcv_disg3-175">[173]</a> However, the audience for Japanese tactical RPGs has grown substantially in the West since the mid-90s, with <a href="/wiki/PlayStation" title="PlayStation">PS1</a> and <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_2" title="PlayStation 2">PS2</a> titles such as <a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_Tactics" title="Final Fantasy Tactics">Final Fantasy Tactics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suikoden_Tactics" title="Suikoden Tactics">Suikoden Tactics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vanguard_Bandits" title="Vanguard Bandits">Vanguard Bandits</a> and <a href="/wiki/Disgaea" title="Disgaea">Disgaea</a> enjoying a surprising measure of popularity outside Japan.<a href="#cite_note-178">[Note 2]</a> Further, older Japanese tactical RPGs were also re-released via <a href="/wiki/Emulator" title="Emulator">software emulation</a>, such as Nintendo's <a href="/wiki/Virtual_Console" title="Virtual Console">Virtual Console</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Wii" title="Wii">Wii</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wii_U" title="Wii U">WiiU</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_3DS" title="Nintendo 3DS">Nintendo 3DS</a>,<a href="#cite_note-eug_dyntac-179">[176]</a> until it was later replaced with the <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Switch_Online" title="Nintendo Switch Online">Nintendo Switch Online</a>'s <a href="/wiki/List_of_Nintendo_Switch_Online_games" title="List of Nintendo Switch Online games">legacy games service</a> in 2018 before being fully discontinued in 2023, giving these games a new lease on life.<a href="#cite_note-180">[177]</a> In the 2000s, some developers complained it was becoming increasingly difficult to develop games of this type (though several had been developed in Eastern Europe with limited success);<a href="#cite_note-rpgv_ja3-181">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-forum_jgollop-182">[179]</a> and even some developers were beginning to complain about a supposed bias against turn-based systems.<a href="#cite_note-escp_dquest-183">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-ign_horii-184">[181]</a> Reasons cited include publishers' focus on developing real-time, action-oriented games, as well as a perception that games with turn-based mechanics were "too niche" to become successful.<a href="#cite_note-forum_jgollop-182">[179]</a> Things have turned around in the 2010s, at least in the West. A few high-profile titles, such as <a href="/wiki/2K_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="2K Games">2K Games</a>' strategy video games, <a href="/wiki/XCOM:_Enemy_Unknown" title="XCOM: Enemy Unknown">XCOM: Enemy Unknown</a> and <a href="/wiki/XCOM_2" title="XCOM 2">XCOM 2</a> - as well as a number of Kickstarter-funded RPGs, such as <a href="/wiki/Larian_Studios" title="Larian Studios">Larian's</a> <a href="/wiki/Divinity:_Original_Sin" title="Divinity: Original Sin">Divinity: Original Sin</a>, <a href="/wiki/InXile_Entertainment" title="InXile Entertainment">inXile's</a> <a href="/wiki/Wasteland_2" title="Wasteland 2">Wasteland 2</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harebrained_Schemes" title="Harebrained Schemes">Harebrained Schemes</a>' <a href="/wiki/Shadowrun_Returns" title="Shadowrun Returns">Shadowrun Returns</a> - were successfully developed and published in recent years, in part due to new means of funding and distributing them. According to Dan Tudge of n-Space: "The resurgence of tactical-isometric RPGs has a lot to do with accessibility. ... Changes in the ecosystem like Steam and digital distribution have made it easier than ever for developers to connect with players".<a href="#cite_note-185">[182]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tactical_role-playing_game&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_role-playing_video_games" class="mw-redirect" title="History of role-playing video games">History of role-playing video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Role-playing_battle_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Role-playing battle systems">Role-playing battle systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tactical_role-playing_video_games" title="List of tactical role-playing video games">List of tactical role-playing video games</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tactical_role-playing_game&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>: シミュレーションRPG, <a href="/wiki/Hepburn_romanization" title="Hepburn romanization">Hepburn</a>: Shimyurēshon RPG </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> Delving even further, one finds that wargames such as <a href="/wiki/Kriegsspiel_(wargame)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kriegsspiel (wargame)">Kriegspiel</a> and Chainmail are themselves descendants of traditional ancient strategy games such as <a href="/wiki/Chess" title="Chess">chess</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chaturanga" title="Chaturanga">chaturanga</a>.<a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> Final Fantasy Tactics for the PS1 is often considered the breakthrough title outside Japan.<a href="#cite_note-1up_pstactics-176">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-rpgamer_fftretro-177">[175]</a> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tactical_role-playing_game&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-gspot_cw-1"><a href="#cite_ref-gspot_cw_1-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved 16 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nintendo.co.jp&rft.atitle=VC+%E3%83%9C%E3%82%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AB%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nintendo.co.jp%2Fwii%2Fvc%2Fvc_bw%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATactical+role-playing+game" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-barton_ddesktops_c-15"><a href="#cite_ref-barton_ddesktops_c_15-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBarton2008" class="citation book cs1">Barton, Matt (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IMXu61GbTqMC">Dungeons & Desktops: The History of Computer Role-Playing Games</a>. <a href="/wiki/A_K_Peters,_Ltd." class="mw-redirect" title="A K Peters, Ltd.">A K Peters, Ltd.</a> p. 12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56881-411-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56881-411-7"><bdi>978-1-56881-411-7</bdi></a>. Retrieved 2010-09-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dungeons+%26+Desktops%3A+The+History+of+Computer+Role-Playing+Games&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=A+K+Peters%2C+Ltd.&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-56881-411-7&rft.aulast=Barton&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIMXu61GbTqMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATactical+role-playing+game" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> Jon Peterson (2012), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=syNzMAEACAAJ">Playing at the World: A History of Simulating Wars, People and Fantastic Adventures, from Chess to Role-Playing Games</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030514061936/http://faculty.virginia.edu/setear/students/wargames/page1a.htm">"Wargames 1a: A Brief History of Wargames"</a>. faculty.virginia.edu. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://faculty.virginia.edu/setear/students/wargames/page1a.htm">the original</a> on May 14, 2003. Retrieved 16 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=faculty.virginia.edu&rft.atitle=Wargames+1a%3A+A+Brief+History+of+Wargames&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffaculty.virginia.edu%2Fsetear%2Fstudents%2Fwargames%2Fpage1a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATactical+role-playing+game" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-oh_fm7-19"><a href="#cite_ref-oh_fm7_19-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120322151107/http://www.retropc.net/fm-7/random_access_memo/04.html">"ランダム・アクセス・メモ"</a>. <a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oh!FM" class="extiw" title="jp:Oh!FM">Oh! FM-7</a>. 4 August 2001. p. 4. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.retropc.net/fm-7/random_access_memo/04.html">the original</a> on 22 March 2012. Retrieved 19 September 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oh%21+FM-7&rft.atitle=%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%82%AF%E3%82%BB%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A1%E3%83%A2&rft.pages=4&rft.date=2001-08-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.retropc.net%2Ffm-7%2Frandom_access_memo%2F04.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATactical+role-playing+game" class="Z3988"> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=ja&tl=en&js=n&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&layout=2&eotf=1&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.retropc.net%2Ffm-7%2Frandom_access_memo%2F04.html&act=url">Translation</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPepe2016" class="citation web cs1">Pepe, Felipe (2016-10-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gamasutra.com/blogs/FelipePepe/20161010/282896/19821987__The_Birth_of_Japanese_RPGs_retold_in_15_Games.php">"1982-1987 - The Birth of Japanese RPGs, re-told in 15 Games"</a>. Gamasutra. UBM Techweb. Retrieved 2016-11-26. <q>Dragon and Princess / ドラゴンアンドプリンセス is often pointed as the first RPG made in Japan, and it's particularly interesting for being a party-based game with top-down tactical turn-based combat (before Ultima III popularized such combat system), but at its core it's a text-adventure game ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gamasutra&rft.atitle=1982-1987+-+The+Birth+of+Japanese+RPGs%2C+re-told+in+15+Games&rft.date=2016-10-10&rft.aulast=Pepe&rft.aufirst=Felipe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamasutra.com%2Fblogs%2FFelipePepe%2F20161010%2F282896%2F19821987__The_Birth_of_Japanese_RPGs_retold_in_15_Games.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATactical+role-playing+game" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gamespot.com/x1/strategy/bokosukawars/index.html">Bokosuka Wars</a>, GameSpot </li> <li id="cite_note-1UP-Druaga-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1UP-Druaga_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-1UP-Druaga_22-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20050119105913/http://www.1up.com/do/feature?pager.offset=1&cId=3135870">"The Quest of Ki"</a>. <a href="/wiki/1UP.com" class="mw-redirect" title="1UP.com">1UP</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.1up.com/do/feature?pager.offset=1&cId=3135870">the original</a> on 2005-01-19. Retrieved 16 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=1UP&rft.atitle=The+Quest+of+Ki&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.1up.com%2Fdo%2Ffeature%3Fpager.offset%3D1%26cId%3D3135870&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATactical+role-playing+game" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kure.sakura.ne.jp/8_works/game/2_sg.html">"シルバーゴースト"</a>. www.kure.sakura.ne.jp (in Japanese). 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Retrieved 2011-05-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sakura+Wars+Comes+to+America%2C+But+is+it+Too+Late+to+Matter%3F&rft.pub=1UP.com&rft.date=2009-05-08&rft.au=Jeremy+Parish&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.1up.com%2Fdo%2FblogEntry%3FbId%3D8988084&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATactical+role-playing+game" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gamesarefun.com/gamesdb/review.php?reviewid=652">Review - Final Fantasy Tactics: War of the Lions (PSP)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080510122138/http://www.gamesarefun.com/gamesdb/review.php?reviewid=652">Archived</a> 2008-05-10 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, GamesAreFun.com </li> <li id="cite_note-GameDaily-43">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GameDaily_43-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GameDaily_43-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gamedaily.com/articles/features/chart-toppers-square-enix-strategizes-a-hit-with-final-fantasy-tactics/71240">Chart Toppers: Square Enix Strategizes a Hit with Final Fantasy Tactics</a>, <a href="/wiki/GameDaily" title="GameDaily">GameDaily</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081024224924/http://www.gamedaily.com/articles/features/chart-toppers-square-enix-strategizes-a-hit-with-final-fantasy-tactics/71240">Archived</a> October 24, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTravis_Fahs2009" class="citation web cs1">Travis Fahs (June 26, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uk.retro.ign.com/articles/998/998839p7.html">"IGN Presents the History of Final Fantasy: Know the legacy of the greatest RPG franchise in videogames"</a>. 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GameSpot. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gamespot.com/psp/strategy/dungeonsdragonstactics/review.html?om_act=convert&om_clk=gssummary&tag=summary;review">the original</a> on January 10, 2013. Retrieved 2010-10-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dungeons+%26+Dragons+Tactics+Review&rft.pub=GameSpot&rft.date=2007-08-31&rft.aulast=Todd&rft.aufirst=Brett&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamespot.com%2Fpsp%2Fstrategy%2Fdungeonsdragonstactics%2Freview.html%3Fom_act%3Dconvert%26om_clk%3Dgssummary%26tag%3Dsummary%3Breview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATactical+role-playing+game" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-1up_dndt-56"><a href="#cite_ref-1up_dndt_56-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWalker2007" class="citation web cs1">Walker, Torrey (2007-05-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121018144811/http://www.1up.com/previews/dd-tactics">"Dungeons & Dragons Tactics"</a>. 1UP.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.1up.com/previews/dd-tactics">the original</a> on 2012-10-18. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rpgamer.com/games/other/nds/infiniteline/reviews/infinitelinestrev1.html">the original</a> on 2011-11-19. Retrieved 2 May 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Infinite+Space+-+Staff+Review&rft.pub=RPGamer&rft.aulast=Moehnke&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rpgamer.com%2Fgames%2Fother%2Fnds%2Finfiniteline%2Freviews%2Finfinitelinestrev1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATactical+role-playing+game" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCastle2010" class="citation web cs1">Castle, Matthew (March 16, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gamesradar.com/infinite-space/">"Infinite Space"</a>. <a href="/wiki/GamesRadar" class="mw-redirect" title="GamesRadar">GamesRadar</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.1up.com/reviews/radiant-historia-review">the original</a> on 2011-06-29. Retrieved 2011-02-25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Radiant+Historia+Review+for+DS%2C+Game+from+1UP.com&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E2&rft.pub=1UP.com&rft.date=2011-02-22&rft.aulast=Parish&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.1up.com%2Freviews%2Fradiant-historia-review&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATactical+role-playing+game" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.siliconera.com/2012/01/18/its-official-growlanser-wayfarer-of-time-will-travel-to-north-america/">Growlanser: Wayfarer of Time</a>, Siliconera </li> <li id="cite_note-1up_daj-69">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1up_daj_69-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-1up_daj_69-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBailey2009" class="citation web cs1">Bailey, Kat (Oct 23, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130101180905/http://www.1up.com/do/blogEntry?bId=9007783">"Strategery: The Dragon Age Appetizer"</a>. <a href="/wiki/1up.com" class="mw-redirect" title="1up.com">1up.com</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.1up.com/do/blogEntry?bId=9007783">the original</a> on 2013-01-01. Retrieved 2010-02-04. <q>The interesting wrinkle here is that when outside of battle, it's possible to explore the world in the same manner as any other RPG, and that's where Dragon Age Journeys has something in common with western tactical RPGs. The X-Coms of the world have always a great deal more freedom than even Valkyria Chronicles, and Dragon Age takes that one step further by offering actual dungeons to explore, rather than asking players to take on simple missions like 'kill everyone'.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Strategery%3A+The+Dragon+Age+Appetizer&rft.pub=1up.com&rft.date=2009-10-23&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=Kat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.1up.com%2Fdo%2FblogEntry%3FbId%3D9007783&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATactical+role-playing+game" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-1upkat_valkchro-70"><a href="#cite_ref-1upkat_valkchro_70-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBailey2009" class="citation web cs1">Bailey, Kat (September 4, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120709171620/http://www.1up.com/do/blogEntry?bId=9003286">"Strategery: Valkyria Chronicles and X-Com: UFO Defense"</a>. 1UP.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.1up.com/do/blogEntry?bId=9003286">the original</a> on July 9, 2012. Retrieved 15 May 2011. <q>For Japan, the Famicom's Fire Emblem: Ankoku Ryu to Hikari is the archetype for the whole genre. Over the years, franchises like Tactics Ogre and Final Fantasy Tactics have offered unique twists and refinements, but the basic conceits have remained the same, with square-based grid being one of the subgenres most recognizable traits. Western SRPGs, however, have generally allowed for a bit more freedom of movement, with some like Freedom Force (and Dawn of War II, if you're willing to call it an SRPG) going real-time.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Strategery%3A+Valkyria+Chronicles+and+X-Com%3A+UFO+Defense&rft.pub=1UP.com&rft.date=2009-09-04&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=Kat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.1up.com%2Fdo%2FblogEntry%3FbId%3D9003286&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATactical+role-playing+game" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gamershell_pc-71">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gamershell_pc_71-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gamershell_pc_71-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gamershell_pc_71-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gamershell_pc_71-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gamershell_pc_71-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFS." class="citation web cs1">S., Dennis. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gamershell.com/pc/paradise_cracked/review.html">"Paradise Cracked Review"</a>. GamersHell. Retrieved 2007-11-26. <q>The world of Paradise Cracked was largely influenced by such movie Blade Runner, as well as novels of Philip K. Dick and various other cyberpunk writers. It actually has one of the most interesting plots ever - but I won't give it away just yet. 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Retrieved 2007-04-04. <q>Greyhawk: The Temple of Elemental Evil will return players to D&D's roots with the genre-defining adventure that started it all while taking full advantage of the popular 3rd Edition rule set, party-based adventuring and tactical turn-based combat.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ATARI+INTRODUCES+%27GREYHAWK%3A+THE+TEMPLE+OF+ELEMENTAL+EVIL%27&rft.pub=Atari&rft.date=2003-01-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcorporate.infogrames.com%2FIESA%2Fpressreleases_story.html%3Fsid%3D340&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATactical+role-playing+game" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kotaku_kotc-158"><a href="#cite_ref-kotaku_kotc_158-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGillen2009" class="citation web cs1">Gillen, Kieron (August 11, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rockpapershotgun.com/2009/08/11/our-rpg-cup-overfloweth-knights-of-the-chalice/">"Our RPG Cup Overfloweth: Knights of the Chalice"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rock_Paper_Shotgun" title="Rock Paper Shotgun">Rock Paper Shotgun</a>. 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Retrieved 2007-12-25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tactica+Online&rft.pub=Tactica+Online&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tacticaonline.com%2F%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATactical+role-playing+game" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gspot_to-169"><a href="#cite_ref-gspot_to_169-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gamespot.com/pc/strategy/tacticaonline/index.html?tag=result;title;0">"Tactica Online"</a>. GameSpot. Retrieved 2007-12-25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tactica+Online&rft.pub=GameSpot&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamespot.com%2Fpc%2Fstrategy%2Ftacticaonline%2Findex.html%3Ftag%3Dresult%3Btitle%3B0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATactical+role-playing+game" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gunrox.com/">"GUNROX.com homepage"</a>. www.gunrox.com. Retrieved 2023-07-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gunrox.com&rft.atitle=GUNROX.com+homepage&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gunrox.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATactical+role-playing+game" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.poxnora.com/index.do">"Pox Nora - Welcome to Pox Nora"</a>. www.poxnora.com. Retrieved 2023-07-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.poxnora.com&rft.atitle=Pox+Nora+-+Welcome+to+Pox+Nora&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.poxnora.com%2Findex.do&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATactical+role-playing+game" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wakfu.com/en/prehome">"WAKFU, The strategic MMORPG with a real environmental and political system"</a>. WAKFU. Retrieved 2023-07-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WAKFU&rft.atitle=WAKFU%2C+The+strategic+MMORPG+with+a+real+environmental+and+political+system.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wakfu.com%2Fen%2Fprehome&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATactical+role-playing+game" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-1upkat_strategery-173"><a href="#cite_ref-1upkat_strategery_173-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBailey2009" class="citation web cs1">Bailey, Kat (February 19, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151222101523/http://www.1up.com/do/blogEntry?bId=8981596&publicUserId=5725436">"Strategery: Your First Tactical RPG"</a>. 1UP.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.1up.com/do/blogEntry?bId=8981596&publicUserId=5725436">the original</a> on December 22, 2015. <q>It wasn't too long ago that I mentioned how difficult it is to get into tactical RPGs. It's an intimidating genre, what with all the grids and customization and names like Tactics Ogre. People are worried that they won't understand what's going on. That it'll be hard. That it'll be boring. So if you've made it past all those fears and you're ready to take the plunge, congratulations. You're a lot stronger than I was while contemplating Final Fantasy Tactics a decade ago. But people like you have also been asking me the same question, time and time again—where to start?</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Strategery%3A+Your+First+Tactical+RPG&rft.pub=1UP.com&rft.date=2009-02-19&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=Kat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.1up.com%2Fdo%2FblogEntry%3FbId%3D8981596%26publicUserId%3D5725436&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATactical+role-playing+game" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cnet_vhearts2-174"><a href="#cite_ref-cnet_vhearts2_174-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://reviews.cnet.com/legacy-game-platforms/vandal-hearts-ii-playstation/1707-9882_7-30965757.html#cnetReview">"Vandal Hearts II (PlayStation)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNET" title="CNET">CNET</a>. Retrieved 12 May 2011. <q>Although the RPG has gained popularity in the US, its tactical offshoot, the strategy-RPG, has had a harder time gaining similar popularity.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vandal+Hearts+II+%28PlayStation%29&rft.pub=CNET&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Freviews.cnet.com%2Flegacy-game-platforms%2Fvandal-hearts-ii-playstation%2F1707-9882_7-30965757.html%23cnetReview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATactical+role-playing+game" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mcv_disg3-175"><a href="#cite_ref-mcv_disg3_175-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFParfitt2007" class="citation web cs1">Parfitt, Ben (July 17, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090210090229/http://www.mcvuk.com/news/27782/Disgaea-3-heading-to-PS3">"Disgaea 3 heading to PS3"</a>. MCV. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mcvuk.com/news/27782/Disgaea-3-heading-to-PS3">the original</a> on 2009-02-10. Retrieved 12 May 2011. <q>The tactical RPG genre may not be a chart-topper in the West, but hardcore followers of Japanese RPG specialists Nippon Ichi will be delighted to hear that the studio is bringing the latest instalment to its critically acclaimed series to PS3 next year.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Disgaea+3+heading+to+PS3&rft.pub=MCV&rft.date=2007-07-17&rft.aulast=Parfitt&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mcvuk.com%2Fnews%2F27782%2FDisgaea-3-heading-to-PS3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATactical+role-playing+game" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-1up_pstactics-176"><a href="#cite_ref-1up_pstactics_176-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFParish" class="citation web cs1">Parish, Jeremy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110604094510/http://www.1up.com/features/playstation-tactics">"PlayStation Tactics"</a>. 1UP.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.1up.com/features/playstation-tactics">the original</a> on 4 June 2011. Retrieved 12 May 2011. <q>Tactical RPGs have been gaining popularity in the United States since a PS1 game called Final Fantasy Tactics introduced a legion of gamers to its detail-oriented strategy. ... Although FFT is often praised for giving birth to the tactical RPG genre, that PS1 masterpiece would never have existed without this classic pair of Super NES ports.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PlayStation+Tactics&rft.pub=1UP.com&rft.aulast=Parish&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.1up.com%2Ffeatures%2Fplaystation-tactics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATactical+role-playing+game" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-rpgamer_fftretro-177"><a href="#cite_ref-rpgamer_fftretro_177-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBeckett" class="citation web cs1">Beckett, Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120314124149/http://www.rpgamer.com/games/ff/fft/reviews/fftstrev4.html">"Final Fantasy Tactics - Retroview"</a>. RPGamer. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rpgamer.com/games/ff/fft/reviews/fftstrev4.html">the original</a> on 14 March 2012. Retrieved 12 May 2011. <q>Final Fantasy Tactics did much the same thing for tactical RPGs that Final Fantasy VII did for the genre as a whole—made it more popular, more accessible, and more visible to the rest of the gaming world.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Final+Fantasy+Tactics+-+Retroview&rft.pub=RPGamer&rft.aulast=Beckett&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rpgamer.com%2Fgames%2Fff%2Ffft%2Freviews%2Ffftstrev4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATactical+role-playing+game" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-eug_dyntac-179"><a href="#cite_ref-eug_dyntac_179-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBramwell2002" class="citation web cs1">Bramwell, Tom (October 21, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/fi_dynastytactics_ps2">"Dynasty Tactics - First Impressions"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Eurogamer" title="Eurogamer">Eurogamer</a>. Retrieved 12 May 2011. <q>Final Fantasy Tactics is being given a new lease of life on Game Boy Advance, and Capcom has plans to release an Onimusha Tactics title in the near future too.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dynasty+Tactics+-+First+Impressions&rft.pub=Eurogamer&rft.date=2002-10-21&rft.aulast=Bramwell&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurogamer.net%2Farticles%2Ffi_dynastytactics_ps2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATactical+role-playing+game" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2022/7/19/23269792/nintendo-wii-u-3ds-eshop-closing-date-2023">"Nintendo will close the Wii U and 3DS eShops on March 27th, 2023"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Verge" title="The Verge">The Verge</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=Nintendo+will+close+the+Wii+U+and+3DS+eShops+on+March+27th%2C+2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2022%2F7%2F19%2F23269792%2Fnintendo-wii-u-3ds-eshop-closing-date-2023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATactical+role-playing+game" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-rpgv_ja3-181"><a href="#cite_ref-rpgv_ja3_181-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAihoshi2007" class="citation web cs1">Aihoshi, Richard (October 16, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071018145142/http://rpgvault.ign.com/articles/827/827659p1.html">"Jagged Alliance 3 Interview"</a>. RPG Vault. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rpgvault.ign.com/articles/827/827659p1.html">the original</a> on 2007-10-18. Retrieved 2007-10-19. <q>When choosing a team to develop a project of this type and scale, it was obvious that we needed Russian developers, the same people that created games with similarities to Jagged Alliance 2, both in genre and the time setting. I'm referring to releases like <a href="/wiki/Silent_Storm" title="Silent Storm">Silent Storm</a>, Night Watch, Brigade E5 and others. Such projects have not been created in western countries for a long time, which can make development more difficult.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jagged+Alliance+3+Interview&rft.pub=RPG+Vault&rft.date=2007-10-16&rft.aulast=Aihoshi&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frpgvault.ign.com%2Farticles%2F827%2F827659p1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATactical+role-playing+game" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-forum_jgollop-182">^ <a href="#cite_ref-forum_jgollop_182-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-forum_jgollop_182-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGollop" class="citation web cs1">Gollop, Julian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/5987/putting_the_xcom_in_xcom.php#comment61000">"Blog comment by Julian Gollop, developer of X-COM and other genre titles"</a>. Gamasutra. <q>Publishers run a mile from anything with turn-based mechanics—it is regarded as too niche. RTS games pretty much killed off turn-based strategy games in the mid-90s—but now even RTS games are regarded as niche. (...) Thanks to Advance Wars, Fire Emblem and Final Fantasy Tactics it seems turn-based games are not totally dead—at least for Nintendo handhelds.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Blog+comment+by+Julian+Gollop%2C+developer+of+X-COM+and+other+genre+titles&rft.pub=Gamasutra&rft.aulast=Gollop&rft.aufirst=Julian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamasutra.com%2Fview%2Ffeature%2F5987%2Fputting_the_xcom_in_xcom.php%23comment61000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATactical+role-playing+game" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-escp_dquest-183"><a href="#cite_ref-escp_dquest_183-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Funk2010" class="citation web cs1">John Funk (2010-07-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171111205607/http://www.escapistmagazine.com/news/view/102039-Dragon-Quest-Creator-Western-Reviewers-Dislike-Turn-Based-Games">"The Escapist: News: Dragon Quest Creator: Western Reviewers Dislike Turn-Based Games"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Escapist_(magazine)" title="The Escapist (magazine)">The Escapist</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.escapistmagazine.com/news/view/102039-Dragon-Quest-Creator-Western-Reviewers-Dislike-Turn-Based-Games">the original</a> on 2017-11-11. Retrieved 2010-09-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Escapist%3A+News%3A+Dragon+Quest+Creator%3A+Western+Reviewers+Dislike+Turn-Based+Games&rft.pub=The+Escapist&rft.date=2010-07-13&rft.au=John+Funk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.escapistmagazine.com%2Fnews%2Fview%2F102039-Dragon-Quest-Creator-Western-Reviewers-Dislike-Turn-Based-Games&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATactical+role-playing+game" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ign_horii-184"><a href="#cite_ref-ign_horii_184-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uk.ds.ign.com/articles/110/1105212p1.html">"Interview: Yuji Horii and a Lifetime of Dragon Questing - Nintendo DS Feature at IGN"</a>. Uk.ds.ign.com. 2010-07-10. Retrieved 2010-09-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview%3A+Yuji+Horii+and+a+Lifetime+of+Dragon+Questing+-+Nintendo+DS+Feature+at+IGN&rft.pub=Uk.ds.ign.com&rft.date=2010-07-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuk.ds.ign.com%2Farticles%2F110%2F1105212p1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATactical+role-playing+game" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJarvis2015" class="citation web cs1">Jarvis, Matthew (2015-06-29). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170414170030/http://www.mcvuk.com/news/read/why-it-s-not-rip-for-d-d-video-games/0151851">"Why it's not RIP for D&D video games"</a>. MCV. Newbay. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mcvuk.com/news/read/why-it-s-not-rip-for-d-d-video-games/0151851">the original</a> on 2017-04-14. Retrieved 2017-04-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MCV&rft.atitle=Why+it%27s+not+RIP+for+D%26D+video+games&rft.date=2015-06-29&rft.aulast=Jarvis&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mcvuk.com%2Fnews%2Fread%2Fwhy-it-s-not-rip-for-d-d-video-games%2F0151851&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATactical+role-playing+game" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Video_game_genres350" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Video_game_genre" title="Template:Video game genre"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Video_game_genre" title="Template talk:Video game genre"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Video_game_genre" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Video game genre"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Video_game_genres350" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Video_game_genre" title="Video game genre">Video game genres</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_video_game_genres" title="List of video game genres">List of video game genres</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Action_game" title="Action game">Action</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Platformer" title="Platformer">Platformer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Endless_runner" title="Endless runner">Endless runner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platform_fighter" title="Platform fighter">Platform fighter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shooter_game" title="Shooter game">Shooter</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arena_shooter" title="Arena shooter">Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First-person_shooter" title="First-person shooter">First-person</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hero_shooter" title="Hero shooter">Hero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_gun_shooter" class="mw-redirect" title="Light gun shooter">Light gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoot_%27em_up" title="Shoot 'em up">Shoot 'em up</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bullet_hell" title="Bullet hell">Bullet hell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_shooter" title="Rail shooter">Rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twin-stick_shooter" title="Twin-stick shooter">Twin-stick</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tactical_shooter" title="Tactical shooter">Tactical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third-person_shooter" title="Third-person shooter">Third-person</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Survival_game" title="Survival game">Survival</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_royale_game" title="Battle royale game">Battle royale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survival_horror" title="Survival horror">Survival horror</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beat_%27em_up" title="Beat 'em up">Beat 'em up</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hack_and_slash" title="Hack and slash">Hack and slash</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fighting_game" title="Fighting game">Fighting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Platform_fighter" title="Platform fighter">Platform fighter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maze_video_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Maze video game">Maze</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pac-Man_clones" title="List of Pac-Man clones">Pac-Man clone</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snake_(video_game_genre)" title="Snake (video game genre)">Snake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stealth_game" title="Stealth game">Stealth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Video-Game-Controller-Icon-IDV-green-history.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Video-Game-Controller-Icon-IDV-green-history.svg/60px-Video-Game-Controller-Icon-IDV-green-history.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Video-Game-Controller-Icon-IDV-green-history.svg/90px-Video-Game-Controller-Icon-IDV-green-history.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Video-Game-Controller-Icon-IDV-green-history.svg/120px-Video-Game-Controller-Icon-IDV-green-history.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="249" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Action-adventure_game" title="Action-adventure game">Action-adventure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Theft_Auto_clone" title="Grand Theft Auto clone">Grand Theft Auto clone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metroidvania" title="Metroidvania">Metroidvania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Adventure_game" title="Adventure game">Adventure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Escape_room_video_game" title="Escape room video game">Escape room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_graphic_adventure_games" title="List of graphic adventure games">Graphic adventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interactive_fiction" title="Interactive fiction">Interactive fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interactive_film" title="Interactive film">Interactive film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_novel" title="Visual novel">Visual novel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walking_simulator" title="Walking simulator">Walking sim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Digital_tabletop_game" title="Digital tabletop game">Digital tabletop</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deck-building_game" title="Deck-building game">Deck-building</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roguelike_deck-building_game" title="Roguelike deck-building game">Roguelike deck-building</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_collectible_card_game" title="Digital collectible card game">Digital collectible card</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Puzzle_video_game" title="Puzzle video game">Puzzle</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hidden_object_game" title="Hidden object game">Hidden object</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sokoban" title="Sokoban">Sokoban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tile-matching_video_game" title="Tile-matching video game">Tile-matching</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Role-playing_video_game" title="Role-playing video game">Role-playing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_role-playing_game" title="Action role-playing game">Action role-playing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Looter_shooter" title="Looter shooter">Looter shooter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soulslike" title="Soulslike">Soulslike</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dungeon_crawl" title="Dungeon crawl">Dungeon crawl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massively_multiplayer_online_role-playing_game" title="Massively multiplayer online role-playing game">MMORPG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monster-taming_game" title="Monster-taming game">Monster-taming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roguelike" title="Roguelike">Roguelike</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roguelike_deck-building_game" title="Roguelike deck-building game">Roguelike deck-building</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tactical role-playing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Simulation_video_game" title="Simulation video game">Simulation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Life_simulation_game" title="Life simulation game">Life</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dating_sim" title="Dating sim">Dating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farm_life_sim" title="Farm life sim">Farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_game" title="God game">God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_simulation_game" title="Social simulation game">Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_pet" title="Virtual pet">Virtual pet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Construction_and_management_simulation" title="Construction and management simulation">CMS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Business_simulation_game" title="Business simulation game">Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City-building_game" title="City-building game">City-building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_simulation_game" title="Government simulation game">Government</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sports_video_game" title="Sports video game">Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_video_game" title="Fishing video game">Fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racing_game" title="Racing game">Racing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kart_racing_game" title="Kart racing game">Kart racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sim_racing" title="Sim racing">Sim racing</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_simulation_game" title="Vehicle simulation game">Vehicle</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flight_simulation_video_game" title="Flight simulation video game">Flight simulation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Combat_flight_simulation_game" title="Combat flight simulation game">Combat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Lander_(video_game_genre)" title="Lunar Lander (video game genre)">Lunar Lander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_flight_simulation_game" title="Space flight simulation game">Space</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_simulator" title="Submarine simulator">Submarine simulator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Train_simulator" title="Train simulator">Train simulator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicular_combat_game" title="Vehicular combat game">Vehicular combat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Falling-sand_game" title="Falling-sand game">Falling-sand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immersive_sim" title="Immersive sim">Immersive sim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Strategy_video_game" title="Strategy video game">Strategy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4X" title="4X">4X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auto_battler" title="Auto battler">Auto battler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiplayer_online_battle_arena" title="Multiplayer online battle arena">MOBA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real-time_strategy" title="Real-time strategy">Real-time strategy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Time_management_game" title="Time management game">Time management</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real-time_tactics" title="Real-time tactics">Real-time tactics</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tactical role-playing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_defense" title="Tower defense">Tower defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turn-based_strategy" class="mw-redirect" title="Turn-based strategy">Turn-based strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turn-based_tactics" title="Turn-based tactics">Turn-based tactics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artillery_game" title="Artillery game">Artillery</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_wargame" title="Computer wargame">Wargame</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_strategy_wargame" title="Grand strategy wargame">Grand strategy</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cozy_game" title="Cozy game">Cozy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fitness_game" title="Fitness game">Fitness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_game" title="Horror game">Horror</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Survival_horror" title="Survival horror">Survival horror</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incremental_game" title="Incremental game">Incremental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_video_game" title="Music video game">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_game" title="Rhythm game">Rhythm</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-game" title="Non-game">Non-game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_video_game" title="Party video game">Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_game" title="Photography game">Photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programming_game" title="Programming game">Programming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typing_game" title="Typing game">Typing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Themes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advergame" title="Advergame">Advergame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bish%C5%8Djo_game" title="Bishōjo game">Bishōjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_video_game" title="Christian video game">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_in_video_games" title="Comedy in video games">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educational_video_game" title="Educational video game">Educational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girls%27_video_games" title="Girls' video games">Girls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Licensed_game" title="Licensed game">Licensed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otome_game" title="Otome game">Otome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_content_in_video_games" title="Sexual content in video games">Sexual</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eroge" title="Eroge">Eroge</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonviolent_video_game" title="Nonviolent video game">Nonviolent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personalized_video_game" title="Personalized video game">Personalized</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_video_game" title="Science fiction video game">Sci-fi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serious_game" title="Serious game">Serious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_game" title="Art game">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_video_game" title="Climate change video game">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newsgame" title="Newsgame">News</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Player modes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multiplayer_video_game" title="Multiplayer video game">Multiplayer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cooperative_video_game" title="Cooperative video game">Co-op</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massively_multiplayer_online_game" title="Massively multiplayer online game">MMO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Player_versus_player" title="Player versus player">PVP</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-player_video_game" title="Single-player video game">Single-player</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Production</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AAA_(video_game_industry)" title="AAA (video game industry)">AAA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indie_game" title="Indie game">Indie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doujin_soft" title="Doujin soft">Doujin soft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_game" title="Fan game">Fan game</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Design</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casual_game" title="Casual game">Casual</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hypercasual_game" title="Hypercasual game">Hypercasual</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergent_gameplay" title="Emergent gameplay">Emergent gameplay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full-motion_video" title="Full-motion video">FMV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gacha_game" title="Gacha game">Gacha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaizo" title="Kaizo">Kaizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masocore" title="Masocore">Masocore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonlinear_gameplay" title="Nonlinear gameplay">Nonlinear gameplay</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Open_world" title="Open world">Open world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandbox_game" title="Sandbox game">Sandbox</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Side-scrolling_video_game" title="Side-scrolling video game">Side-scrolling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twitch_gameplay" title="Twitch gameplay">Twitch gameplay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertically_scrolling_video_game" title="Vertically scrolling video game">Vertically scrolling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minigame" title="Minigame">Minigame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toys-to-life" title="Toys-to-life">Toys-to-life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_clone" title="Video game 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