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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Mythology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Mythology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Mythology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Mythology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Horn_of_Amalthea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Horn_of_Amalthea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Horn of Amalthea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Horn_of_Amalthea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nurse_of_Zeus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nurse_of_Zeus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Nurse of Zeus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nurse_of_Zeus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Merging_of_traditions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Merging_of_traditions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Merging of traditions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Merging_of_traditions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_versions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_versions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Later versions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_versions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iconography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iconography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Iconography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iconography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_representations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_representations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Other representations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_representations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Amalthea (mythology)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 40 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="Амалфея – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Амалфея" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%8F_(%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Амалтея (митология) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Амалтея (митология)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaltea_(mitologia)" title="Amaltea (mitologia) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Amaltea (mitologia)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaltheia_(mytologie)" title="Amaltheia (mytologie) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Amaltheia (mytologie)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amalthea" title="Amalthea – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Amalthea" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaltheia" title="Amaltheia – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Amaltheia" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BC%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B8%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1_(%CE%BC%CF%85%CE%B8%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1)" title="Αμάλθεια (μυθολογία) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αμάλθεια (μυθολογία)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaltea_(mitolog%C3%ADa)" title="Amaltea (mitología) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Amaltea (mitología)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaltejo" title="Amaltejo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Amaltejo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaltea" title="Amaltea – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Amaltea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A6%D8%A7_(%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87)" title="آمالتئا (اسطوره) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آمالتئا (اسطوره)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amalth%C3%A9e_(mythologie)" title="Amalthée (mythologie) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Amalthée (mythologie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%A7%90%ED%85%8C%EC%9D%B4%EC%95%84" title="아말테이아 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아말테이아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amalteja_(mitologija)" title="Amalteja (mitologija) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Amalteja (mitologija)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaltheia" title="Amaltheia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Amaltheia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amal%C3%BEeia" title="Amalþeia – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Amalþeia" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaltea_(mitologia)" title="Amaltea (mitologia) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Amaltea (mitologia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%90%D7%94" title="אמלתיאה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אמלתיאה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%90_(%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%97%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90)" title="ამალთეა (მითოლოგია) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ამალთეა (მითოლოგია)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amalthea" title="Amalthea – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Amalthea" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amalteja_(mitolo%C4%A3ija)" title="Amalteja (mitoloģija) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Amalteja (mitoloģija)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amalt%C4%97ja_(mitologija)" title="Amaltėja (mitologija) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Amaltėja (mitologija)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaltheia" title="Amaltheia – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Amaltheia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Амалтеја – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Амалтеја" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amalthea_(mythologie)" title="Amalthea (mythologie) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Amalthea (mythologie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AB%E3%83%86%E3%82%A4%E3%82%A2" title="アマルテイア – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アマルテイア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaltheia" title="Amaltheia – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Amaltheia" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaltheia" title="Amaltheia – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Amaltheia" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amalteja" title="Amalteja – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Amalteja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amalteia" title="Amalteia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Amalteia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaltheia" title="Amaltheia – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Amaltheia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="Амалфея – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Амалфея" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaltheia" title="Amaltheia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Amaltheia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amalteja" title="Amalteja – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Amalteja" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%B0_(%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Амалтеја (митологија) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Амалтеја (митологија)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaltheia" title="Amaltheia – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Amaltheia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amalthea_(mytologi)" title="Amalthea (mytologi) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Amalthea (mytologi)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amalthea_(mitoloji)" title="Amalthea (mitoloji) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Amalthea (mitoloji)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk 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Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Nurse of Zeus in Greek mythology</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the mythological figure. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Amalthea_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Amalthea (disambiguation)">Amalthea (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Relief_Amaltheia_Adrasteia_Zeus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Young woman holds out a hollow horn to an infant's mouth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Relief_Amaltheia_Adrasteia_Zeus.jpg/260px-Relief_Amaltheia_Adrasteia_Zeus.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="334" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Relief_Amaltheia_Adrasteia_Zeus.jpg/390px-Relief_Amaltheia_Adrasteia_Zeus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Relief_Amaltheia_Adrasteia_Zeus.jpg/520px-Relief_Amaltheia_Adrasteia_Zeus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3496" data-file-height="4488" /></a><figcaption>Amalthea holds a <a href="/wiki/Cornucopia" title="Cornucopia">cornucopia</a>, out of which the young <a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a> eats. Marble relief from the 2nd century AD, <a href="/wiki/Vatican_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatican Museum">Vatican Museum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Greek mythology</a>, <b>Amalthea</b> or <b>Amaltheia</b> (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Ἀμάλθεια</span>) is the figure most commonly identified as the nurse of <a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a> during his infancy. She is described either as a <a href="/wiki/Nymph" title="Nymph">nymph</a> who raises the child on the milk of a goat, or, in some accounts from the <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_period" title="Hellenistic period">Hellenistic period</a> onwards, as the goat itself. </p><p>As early as the <a href="/wiki/Archaic_Greece" title="Archaic Greece">archaic period</a>, there exist references to the "horn of Amalthea" (known in Latin as the <a href="/wiki/Cornucopia" title="Cornucopia">cornucopia</a>), a magical horn said to be capable of producing endless amounts of any food or drink desired. In a narrative attributed to the mythical poet <a href="/wiki/Musaeus_of_Athens" title="Musaeus of Athens">Musaeus</a>, and likely dating to the 4th century BC or earlier, Amalthea, a nymph, nurses the infant Zeus and owns a goat which is terrifying in appearance. After Zeus reaches adulthood, he uses the goat's skin as a weapon in his battle against the <a href="/wiki/Titans" title="Titans">Titans</a>. Amalthea is first described as a goat by the 3rd-century BC poet <a href="/wiki/Callimachus" title="Callimachus">Callimachus</a>, who presents a rationalised version of the myth, in which Zeus is fed on Amalthea's milk. <a href="/wiki/Aratus" title="Aratus">Aratus</a>, also writing in the 3rd century BC, identifies Amalthea with the star <a href="/wiki/Capella" title="Capella">Capella</a>, and describes her as "Olenian" (the meaning of which is unclear). </p><p>There is disagreement among scholars as to when the tale of Zeus's upbringing was first merged with that of the magical horn. The first author to explicitly combine them is the Roman poet <a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a> (1st century BC/AD), whose story of Zeus's nursing weaves together elements from multiple earlier accounts. A passage from a <a href="/wiki/Scholia" title="Scholia">scholium</a> (or commentary) on Aratus's account has been taken as evidence that the two myths may have been connected prior to Ovid. Another version of Zeus's childhood is found in the 2nd-century AD <i><a href="/wiki/Fabulae" title="Fabulae">Fabulae</a></i>, in which Amalthea hides the infant in a tree and gathers the <a href="/wiki/Kouretes" class="mw-redirect" title="Kouretes">Kouretes</a> to dance noisily, so that the child's crying cannot be heard. Other accounts of Zeus's upbringing describe Amalthea as being related to <a href="/wiki/Melisseus" title="Melisseus">Melisseus</a>, the king of <a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a>, including an <a href="/wiki/Orphism" title="Orphism">Orphic</a> version of the story. </p><p>Among the relatively few surviving representations of Amalthea in ancient art are a 2nd-century AD marble relief which depicts her as a nymph feeding Zeus out of a large cornucopia, and multiple coins and medallions from the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>. In modern art, she has been the subject of 17th- and 18th-century works by sculptors such as <a href="/wiki/Gian_Lorenzo_Bernini" title="Gian Lorenzo Bernini">Gian Lorenzo Bernini</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Julien" title="Pierre Julien">Pierre Julien</a> and painters such as <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Jordaens" title="Jacob Jordaens">Jacob Jordaens</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology_and_origins">Etymology and origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amalthea_(mythology)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology and origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The etymology of <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Amáltheia</i></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Ἀμάλθεια</span></span>) is unknown.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPearson60_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPearson60-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While 19th-century scholars proposed various derivations,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> these were dismissed in the early 20th century by <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Chilton_Pearson" title="Alfred Chilton Pearson">Alfred Chilton Pearson</a>, who suggested that the name may be related to <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">amalós</i></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἀμαλός</span></span>, <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">soft, tender, weak</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>) and <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">amálē</i></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἀμάλη</span></span>, <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">sheaf, bundle</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The verb <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">amaltheúein</i></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἀμαλθεύειν</span></span>, <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">to nurture</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontanaris.v._ἀμαλθεύω,_p._83_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontanaris.v._ἀμαλθεύω,_p._83-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> previously attested only by the <i>Lexicon</i> of <a href="/wiki/Hesychius_of_Alexandria" title="Hesychius of Alexandria">Hesychius of Alexandria</a> (5th or 6th century AD) and the <i><a href="/wiki/Etymologicum_Magnum" title="Etymologicum Magnum">Etymologicum Magnum</a></i> (12th century AD), was thought by <a href="/wiki/Otto_Gruppe" title="Otto Gruppe">Otto Gruppe</a> in 1906 to derive from Amalthea's name; Gruppe's suggestion was refuted by the word's discovery in a <a href="/wiki/Literary_fragment" title="Literary fragment">fragment</a>, published the following year, from the writings of the 5th-century BC tragedian <a href="/wiki/Sophocles" title="Sophocles">Sophocles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Pearson, the two words should instead be understood as having existed alongside each other, with this notion of "abundance" or "plenty" being embodied in certain mythological figures.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Hesiod" title="Hesiod">Hesiod</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Theogony" title="Theogony">Theogony</a></i>, an 8th-century BC poem which contains the earliest known account of Zeus's birth,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHutchinson201_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHutchinson201-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> there is no mention of Amalthea.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGantz28West1966300_on_line_484_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGantz28West1966300_on_line_484-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hesiod, does, however, describe the newborn Zeus as being taken to a cave on "the Aegean mountain" in <a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which some scholars interpret as meaning "Goat's Mountain", seen as a reference to the story of Amalthea;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilletts120Astour314_n._18Hutchinson201–202_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilletts120Astour314_n._18Hutchinson201–202-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Richard Wyatt Hutchinson takes this term as possible indication that the tradition in which Amalthea is a goat, though only attested from the <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_period" title="Hellenistic period">Hellenistic period</a>, may have existed earlier than that of her as a nymph.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAstour314_n._23_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAstour314_n._23-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other scholars, however, including <a href="/wiki/M._L._West" class="mw-redirect" title="M. L. West">M. L. West</a>, see no reason to view Hesiod's name for the mountain as a reference to Amalthea.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWest1966300_on_line_484López-Riuz45_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWest1966300_on_line_484López-Riuz45-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Richard_Farnell" title="Lewis Richard Farnell">Lewis Richard Farnell</a>, Amalthea may have been associated, at some point early on, with the Cretan goddess <a href="/wiki/Dictynna" class="mw-redirect" title="Dictynna">Dictynna</a>, whose name is likely related to <a href="/wiki/Mount_Dicte" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Dicte">Mount Dicte</a> (sometimes considered the birthplace of Zeus).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFarnell1896b478_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarnell1896b478-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mythology">Mythology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amalthea_(mythology)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Mythology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Horn_of_Amalthea">Horn of Amalthea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amalthea_(mythology)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Horn of Amalthea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gold_oktadrachm_of_Ptolemy_IV_Philopator_MET_DP139890.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Gold coin showing a horn, with an inscription around the edge" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Gold_oktadrachm_of_Ptolemy_IV_Philopator_MET_DP139890.jpg/250px-Gold_oktadrachm_of_Ptolemy_IV_Philopator_MET_DP139890.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Gold_oktadrachm_of_Ptolemy_IV_Philopator_MET_DP139890.jpg/330px-Gold_oktadrachm_of_Ptolemy_IV_Philopator_MET_DP139890.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Gold_oktadrachm_of_Ptolemy_IV_Philopator_MET_DP139890.jpg/500px-Gold_oktadrachm_of_Ptolemy_IV_Philopator_MET_DP139890.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3188" data-file-height="3180" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Cornucopia" title="Cornucopia">cornucopia</a> on a gold coin from <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a>, Egypt, produced during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_IV_Philopator" title="Ptolemy IV Philopator">Ptolemy IV Philopator</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The "horn of Amalthea", referred to in Latin literature as the <a href="/wiki/Cornucopia" title="Cornucopia">cornucopia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESevasti127Hard2004280_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESevasti127Hard2004280-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a magical horn generally described as being able to produce an inexhaustible supply of any food or drink desired.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFontenrose350''LIMC''582_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFontenrose350''LIMC''582-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tale of this horn seems to have originated as an independent tradition to the raising of Zeus, though it is uncertain when the two merged.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The "horn of Amalthea" is mentioned as early as the <a href="/wiki/Archaic_Greece" title="Archaic Greece">archaic period</a> by poets such as <a href="/wiki/Anacreon" title="Anacreon">Anacreon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Phocylides" title="Phocylides">Phocylides</a> (who both date to the 6th century BC),<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is commonly referenced in comedies, such as those by <a href="/wiki/Cratinus" title="Cratinus">Cratinus</a> (5th century BC) and <a href="/wiki/Aristophanes" title="Aristophanes">Aristophanes</a> (5th to early 4th centuries BC).<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <i><a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Apollodorus)" title="Bibliotheca (Apollodorus)">Bibliotheca</a></i> of Apollodorus, the 5th-century BC mythographer <a href="/wiki/Pherecydes_of_Athens" title="Pherecydes of Athens">Pherecydes</a> described the horn's ability to provide endless food and drink as desired, and considered it to belong to the nymph Amalthea.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a lost poem by the 5th-century BC poet <a href="/wiki/Pindar" title="Pindar">Pindar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heracles" title="Heracles">Heracles</a> fought against the river-god <a href="/wiki/Achelous" title="Achelous">Achelous</a> (who battled him in the form of a bull) for the hand of <a href="/wiki/Deianeira" class="mw-redirect" title="Deianeira">Deianeira</a>, and during the fight Heracles pulled off one of Achelous's horns; the god then reclaimed his horn by trading it for the magical horn which he obtained from Amalthea, a daughter of <a href="/wiki/Oceanus" title="Oceanus">Oceanus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the same passage in which he cites Pherecydes, Apollodorus (1st to 2nd centuries AD) retells this story, and describes the nymph Amalthea as the daughter of Haemonius, whose name, meaning "<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Thessaly" title="Ancient Thessaly">Thessalian</a>", indicates that this Amalthea is separate to the nurse of Zeus.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Apollodorus's account, Amalthea's horn is that of a bull (an element also mentioned by the 4th-to-3rd-century BC poet <a href="/wiki/Philemon_(poet)" title="Philemon (poet)">Philemon</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> seemingly a result of confusion with the bull's horn of Achelous,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while in other versions of the myth, told by <a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus" title="Diodorus Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a> (1st century BC) and <a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a> (1st century BC/AD), the horn of Amalthea is identified with that of Achelous.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nurse_of_Zeus">Nurse of Zeus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amalthea_(mythology)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Nurse of Zeus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Amalthea is the figure most commonly described as the nurse of Zeus during his infancy,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKerényi93_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKerényi93-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in this role is often considered to be a nymph.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the account of Zeus's upbringing from the now-lost work <i>Eumolpia</i> (likely composed in or before the 4th century BC),<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was attributed in antiquity to the mythical poet <a href="/wiki/Musaeus_of_Athens" title="Musaeus of Athens">Musaeus</a>, Amalthea was the nurse of the young Zeus, and a nymph.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWest198341–43,_132Gantz41_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWest198341–43,_132Gantz41-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to a summary of the <i><a href="/wiki/Catasterismi" title="Catasterismi">Catasterismi</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Eratosthenes" title="Eratosthenes">Eratosthenes</a> (written by an author referred to as "Pseudo-Eratosthenes"),<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the account attributed to Musaeus, Zeus's mother <a href="/wiki/Rhea_(mythology)" title="Rhea (mythology)">Rhea</a> gave him as a newborn child to <a href="/wiki/Themis" title="Themis">Themis</a>, who handed him over to the nymph Amalthea, who had the infant nursed by a she-goat.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGee131–132Gantz41Frazer2015a120_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGee131–132Gantz41Frazer2015a120-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pseudo-Eratosthenes goes on to relate that this goat was the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Helios" title="Helios">Helios</a>, and was so terrifying in appearance that the <a href="/wiki/Titans" title="Titans">Titans</a>, out of fear, asked <a href="/wiki/Gaia" title="Gaia">Gaia</a> to hide her in a cave on Crete; Gaia complied, entrusting the goat to Amalthea.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGee132Gantz41_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGee132Gantz41-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Zeus reaches adulthood, he receives an oracle advising him to use the goat's skin as a weapon in his war against the Titans (due to its terrifying nature).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGantz41_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGantz41-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <i><a href="/wiki/De_astronomia" title="De astronomia">De astronomia</a></i> (a work of astral mythology likely composed in the 2nd-century AD),<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which similarly recounts the narrative from Musaeus,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> this weapon which Zeus uses against the Titans is the <a href="/wiki/Aegis" title="Aegis">aegis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Various accounts of Zeus's upbringing rationalise Amalthea as a goat;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Brill's_New_Pauly''_Vol._1s.v._Amalthea_(1)_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Brill's_New_Pauly''_Vol._1s.v._Amalthea_(1)-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> these versions start appearing in the <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_period" title="Hellenistic period">Hellenistic period</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFowler2013324_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFowler2013324-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first author to describe her as a goat seems to have been the 3rd-century BC poet <a href="/wiki/Callimachus" title="Callimachus">Callimachus</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHard200475Gantz41_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHard200475Gantz41-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who relates that, after Zeus's birth, the god is taken by the <a href="/wiki/Arcadia_(region)" title="Arcadia (region)">Arcadian</a> nymph <a href="/wiki/Neda_(mythology)" title="Neda (mythology)">Neda</a> to a hidden location in Crete, where he is reared by the nymph <a href="/wiki/Adrasteia" title="Adrasteia">Adrasteia</a>, and fed the milk of Amalthea.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his description of Zeus suckling Amalthea's breast, Callimachus employs the word <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">mazón</i></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">μαζόν</span></span>), which typically denotes the breast of a human (rather than the teat of a goat), thereby, according to Susan Stephens, "call[ing] attention to his own rationalizing variant of the myth".<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to a <a href="/wiki/Scholium" class="mw-redirect" title="Scholium">scholium</a> (or commentary) on Callimachus's account, from one of Amalthea's horns flows <a href="/wiki/Ambrosia" title="Ambrosia">ambrosia</a>, and from the other comes nectar.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the version of Zeus's infancy from Diodorus Siculus (1st century BC), the child is reared by nymphs (who are not named) on the milk of the goat Amalthea, as well as honey,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and adds that Amalthea is the source of Zeus's epithet <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">aigíokhos</i></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">αἰγίοχος</span></span>, <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">aegis-bearing</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An account which is largely the same as that given by Pseudo-Eratosthenes is found in a scholium on the <i><a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a></i>, though the scholiast describes Amalthea herself as the goat which terrifies the Titans (rather than the owner of the goat).<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Greek works of astral mythology, the tale of the goat who nurses the young Zeus is adapted to provide an <a href="/wiki/Origin_myth" title="Origin myth">aition</a> (or origin myth) for certain stars.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHard201546_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHard201546-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 3rd-century BC poet <a href="/wiki/Aratus" title="Aratus">Aratus</a>, in his description of the constellation of the Charioteer (<a href="/wiki/Auriga" title="Auriga">Auriga</a>) and the surrounding stars, explains that the star of the Goat (<a href="/wiki/Capella" title="Capella">Capella</a>) sits above the Charioteer's left shoulder.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He identifies this goat with Amalthea,<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> describing it as the goat who suckled the young Zeus;<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in this passage, he employs the word <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">mazón</i></span> for the goat's breast, similarly to Callimachus,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcLennan81_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcLennan81-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who may be his source for this information.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKidd242_on_line_163_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKidd242_on_line_163-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also states that the "interpreters of Zeus" refer to her as the Olenian goat, which may be an allusion to a version in which Zeus is reared, by a goat, near <a href="/wiki/Olenus_(Achaea)" title="Olenus (Achaea)">Olenos</a> in <a href="/wiki/Achaea" title="Achaea">Achaea</a>, or to the location of the star, on the arm (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">ōlénē</i></span>, <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ὠλένη</span></span>) of Auriga;<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> alternatively, it may indicate that the Goat's father is <a href="/wiki/Olenus" title="Olenus">Olenus</a> (the son of <a href="/wiki/Hephaestus" title="Hephaestus">Hephaestus</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFowler2013323_n._212Boyd73_n._28_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFowler2013323_n._212Boyd73_n._28-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an interpretation given by a scholium on the passage.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the end of the account given by Pseudo-Eratosthenes, the text contains a <a href="/wiki/Lacuna_(manuscript)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lacuna (manuscript)">lacuna</a> (or gap), where he would have described Zeus placing the goat among the stars;<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the <i>Catasterismi</i>, the god would have performed this action for her role in his defeat of the Titans, and her nursing of him during his youth.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGee132_with_n._20_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGee132_with_n._20-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Merging_of_traditions">Merging of traditions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amalthea_(mythology)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Merging of traditions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/Robert_Fowler_(academic)" title="Robert Fowler (academic)">Robert Fowler</a>, the nursing of Zeus by a goat and the originally independent tradition of the magical horn had become "entangled" by the time of Pherecydes;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFowler2013323–324_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFowler2013323–324-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jan_N._Bremmer" title="Jan N. Bremmer">Jan N. Bremmer</a>, however, states that it was not until <a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a> (who was active around the beginning of the 1st century AD) that the two tales were brought together.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Brill's_New_Pauly''_Vol._1s.v._Amalthea_(1)_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Brill's_New_Pauly''_Vol._1s.v._Amalthea_(1)-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Ovid's account, presented in his <i><a href="/wiki/Fasti_(poem)" title="Fasti (poem)">Fasti</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Amalthea is once again the owner of the goat,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGantz41Campbell322_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGantz41Campbell322-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is described as a <a href="/wiki/Naiad" title="Naiad">naiad</a> who lives on <a href="/wiki/Mount_Ida" title="Mount Ida">Mount Ida</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGee131Hard201547_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGee131Hard201547-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She hides the young Zeus in Crete (away from his father, <a href="/wiki/Cronus" title="Cronus">Cronus</a>), where he is suckled by the she-goat.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoyleWoodard258_on_lines_5.111&ndash;114_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoyleWoodard258_on_lines_5.111&ndash;114-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On one occasion, the goat snaps off one of its horns on a tree, and Amalthea, filling the broken horn with fruit, brings it back to the young Zeus;<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> this tale, an aition for the cornucopia, appears to be the earliest attempt at providing an origin for the object.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGantz41_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGantz41-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zeus later places the goat (and perhaps her broken-off horn)<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the heavens, with the goat becoming the star Capella.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ovid's narrative brings together elements from multiple earlier accounts, which he intertwines in an episode characterised by John Miller as a "miniature masterpiece".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJ._F._Miller218,_225_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJ._F._Miller218,_225-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His source for the narrative's overall outline appears to be Eratosthenes: he describes Amalthea as a nymph,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJ._F._Miller219–220,_222Frazer2015b12_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJ._F._Miller219–220,_222Frazer2015b12-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and seemingly alludes to Zeus's war with the Titans,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGee132_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGee132-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though he notably departs from the Eratosthenic story by describing the goat as 'beautiful' (<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">formosa</i></span>) and possessing majestic horns.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJ._F._Miller220_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJ._F._Miller220-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ovid harks back to Aratus's account in the first words of his narrative, which mirror the opening phrase of the Aratean story,<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as through his description of the goat as "Olenian".<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Barbara Boyd also sees in Ovid's narrative significant influence from the Callimachean account of Zeus's infancy.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Though Ovid's <i>Fasti</i> is the first known source to clearly narratively merge the tradition of Zeus's upbringing with that of Amalthea's magical horn, Miller points to a (somewhat garbled) scholium on Aratus as evidence that the two tales may have already been connected by the time of Ovid.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The scholiast, who appears to mix two differing versions, one in which Zeus's nurse is an Arcadian woman,<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and another in which she is a goat, describes the horn of this nurse as being Amalthea's horn, which he associates with the constellation of the Goat; Amalthea's horn here would seem to be the magical horn of plenty, though the two are not explicitly identified.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Miller also points, as possible further evidence of a tradition in which the two tales were connected, to the scholium on Callimachus, whose mention of ambrosia and nectar flowing from the goat's horns may have been related to the young Zeus's nourishment, and a 2nd-century AD marble relief, which seems to show Amalthea feeding the young Zeus from a large cornucopia.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_versions">Later versions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amalthea_(mythology)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Later versions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the account of Zeus's infancy in the <i><a href="/wiki/Fabulae" title="Fabulae">Fabulae</a></i> (a mythological handbook attributed to <a href="/wiki/Gaius_Julius_Hyginus" title="Gaius Julius Hyginus">Hyginus</a>, and likely composed in the 2nd century AD),<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> his elder siblings are seemingly not swallowed (as they are in Hesiod's <i>Theogony</i>), though Rhea still gives Cronus a stone in place of Zeus, which he consumes.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upon realising the deception, Cronus scours the earth for his son, while Hera carries the infant to Crete, where she entrusts him to Amalthea,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKerényi93–94_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKerényi93–94-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who appears to be a nymph in this account.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To keep Zeus from his father, Amalthea hides him in a cradle, which she places in a tree, such that he "could not be found in the sky, on earth, or on the sea".<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To prevent Cronus from hearing the cries of the young child, Amalthea brings together the <a href="/wiki/Kouretes" class="mw-redirect" title="Kouretes">Kouretes</a>, and hands them shields and spears, which she instructs them to clang noisily around where the child lies.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Martin_P._Nilsson" title="Martin P. Nilsson">Martin Nilsson</a>, this account is likely not the creation of Hyginus himself, and probably has some basis in an association of the young Zeus with tree worship.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENilsson480_n._6_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENilsson480_n._6-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later in the work, Hyginus mentions <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Althaea</i></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which <a href="/wiki/M._L._West" class="mw-redirect" title="M. L. West">M. L. West</a> interprets as referring to Amalthea,<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and describes her as one of the daughters of Ocean (here seemingly meaning <a href="/wiki/Oceanus" title="Oceanus">Oceanus</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> alongside Adrasteia and Ida.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmithTrzaskoma158,_191_to_line_182_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmithTrzaskoma158,_191_to_line_182-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He adds that these three are alternatively considered daughters of <a href="/wiki/Melisseus" title="Melisseus">Melisseus</a>, the king of Crete, and nurses of Zeus.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Base_with_reliefs_of_the_birth_of_Zeus_(Rome_Mus_Cap_1944)_04_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Two men holding shields stand in front of a baby drinking the milk of a goat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Base_with_reliefs_of_the_birth_of_Zeus_%28Rome_Mus_Cap_1944%29_04_crop.jpg/220px-Base_with_reliefs_of_the_birth_of_Zeus_%28Rome_Mus_Cap_1944%29_04_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Base_with_reliefs_of_the_birth_of_Zeus_%28Rome_Mus_Cap_1944%29_04_crop.jpg/330px-Base_with_reliefs_of_the_birth_of_Zeus_%28Rome_Mus_Cap_1944%29_04_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Base_with_reliefs_of_the_birth_of_Zeus_%28Rome_Mus_Cap_1944%29_04_crop.jpg/440px-Base_with_reliefs_of_the_birth_of_Zeus_%28Rome_Mus_Cap_1944%29_04_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1785" data-file-height="1881" /></a><figcaption>The goat Amalthea suckles the infant Zeus, behind two <a href="/wiki/Kouretes" class="mw-redirect" title="Kouretes">Kouretes</a> who dance raucously. Marble relief from the 2nd century AD, <a href="/wiki/Capitoline_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Capitoline Museum">Capitoline Museum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Other versions of Zeus's upbringing also describe Amalthea as being related to Melisseus, the king of Crete.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the account given by the late-1st-century BC writer <a href="/wiki/Didymus_Chalcenterus" title="Didymus Chalcenterus">Didymus</a>, the infant Zeus is raised by the nymphs Amalthea and <a href="/wiki/Melissa_(mythology)" title="Melissa (mythology)">Melissa</a>, the daughters of Melisseus, who feed him honey and the milk of a goat.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Apollodorus's version of Zeus's infancy, the god is born in a cave on Cretan <a href="/wiki/Mount_Dicte" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Dicte">Mount Dicte</a>, where he is fed on the milk of Amalthea; he is raised by the nymphs Adrasteia and <a href="/wiki/Ida_(mythology)" title="Ida (mythology)">Ida</a>, the daughters of Melisseus, and protected by the Kouretes, who noisily clang their spears and shields.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, in the <i>De astronomia</i>, Amalthea is the she-goat who suckles <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Interpretatio_romana" class="mw-redirect" title="Interpretatio romana">Roman equivalent</a> of Zeus), and she is owned by his nurses, the daughters of Melisseus.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Amalthea also seems to have been associated with Melisseus in the now lost <a href="/wiki/Rhapsodies_(Orphic_literature)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhapsodies (Orphic literature)">Orphic Rhapsodies</a>, a 1st-century BC or 1st-century AD <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/theogony" class="extiw" title="wikt:theogony">theogonic</a> poem which was attributed to the mythical poet <a href="/wiki/Orpheus" title="Orpheus">Orpheus</a> in antiquity.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Luc_Brisson" title="Luc Brisson">Luc Brisson</a> and M. L. West write that, in the poem, Amalthea was the wife of Melisseus (a detail transmitted by the 5th-century AD <a href="/wiki/Neoplatonist" class="mw-redirect" title="Neoplatonist">Neoplatonist</a> philosopher <a href="/wiki/Hermias_(philosopher)" title="Hermias (philosopher)">Hermias</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that her daughters by him, the nymphs Adrasteia and Ida, raised the young Zeus in the cave of <a href="/wiki/Nyx" title="Nyx">Night</a>, while the Kouretes guarded the entrance of the cave.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrissonV_p._61West198372,_122–123_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrissonV_p._61West198372,_122–123-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alberto_Bernab%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alberto Bernabé (page does not exist)">Alberto Bernabé</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberto_Bernab%C3%A9" class="extiw" title="es:Alberto Bernabé">es</a>]</span>'s reconstruction of the poem, however, Zeus is raised by the nymphs Adrasteia and Ida (still the daughters of Melisseus), and is fed on the milk of Amalthea, whom Bernabé describes as a "goat-nymph" (<span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">ninfa-cabra</i></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An Orphic work may have been the source for the version of Zeus's upbringing told by Apollodorus.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Diodorus Siculus, in a <a href="/wiki/Euhemerism" title="Euhemerism">euhemerist</a> reworking of Amalthea's myth,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBernabé2005182_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernabé2005182-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> describes her as an especially beautiful young woman, who is wed to Ammon, the king of <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>; Ammon gifts to her a region of great fertility, which is the shape of a bull's horn, and which, taking its name from her, comes to be known as "Amalthea's Horn".<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this version, Amalthea and Ammon are also described as the parents of <a href="/wiki/Dionysus" title="Dionysus">Dionysus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1st-century BC Roman writer <a href="/wiki/Cicero" title="Cicero">Cicero</a>, in a <a href="/wiki/Epistulae_ad_Atticum" title="Epistulae ad Atticum">letter</a> to his friend <a href="/wiki/Titus_Pomponius_Atticus" title="Titus Pomponius Atticus">Atticus</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mentions an <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">amaltheum</i></span>, which was likely some form of shrine to Amalthea;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPetersson27_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPetersson27-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on his estate, Atticus had such a shrine, within which were illustrations of Amalthea's mythology, and Cicero, seeking to erect a similar structure on his land in <a href="/wiki/Arpinum" class="mw-redirect" title="Arpinum">Arpinum</a>, requests that Atticus provide him details of his own shrine and of Amalthea's mythology.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHejduk41Petersson27_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHejduk41Petersson27-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a version from the 2nd-century AD Greek writer <a href="/wiki/Zenobius" title="Zenobius">Zenobius</a>, when Zeus places the goat from his childhood among the stars (as the constellation known as the "heavenly goat"), he sets aside one of her horns, which he gifts to the nymphs who raised him.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>De astronomia</i>, after its account of Jupiter's upbringing, states that, alongside Jupiter, the goat Amalthea also raises <a href="/wiki/Aegipan" title="Aegipan">Aegipan</a> (<span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">Goat-Pan</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>),<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Nonnus" title="Nonnus">Nonnus</a>, a 5th-century AD Greek writer, describes <a href="/wiki/Pan_(god)" title="Pan (god)">Pan</a> as the shepherd of the goat Amalthea.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Iconography">Iconography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amalthea_(mythology)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Iconography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are relatively few surviving depictions of Amalthea in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_art" title="Ancient Greek art">ancient Greek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roman_art" title="Roman art">Roman art</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReeder38_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReeder38-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On a marble relief, which likely dates to the 2nd century AD, she is shown as a nymph, holding a large cornucopia out to the young Zeus, from which the infant eats.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The scene also includes a young Pan playing a <a href="/wiki/Syrinx" title="Syrinx">syrinx</a>, two goats, and an eagle and a snake sitting in a tree.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJ._F._Miller223_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJ._F._Miller223-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this representation, Miller sees a number of parallels with Ovid's narrative, and he points to the relief as evidence that Amalthea's horn may have been part of the myth of Zeus's upbringing prior to Ovid, suggesting that Ovid and the artist who produced the relief may have been working from a shared source.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJ._F._Miller223–224_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJ._F._Miller223–224-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There exist several other representations of Amalthea as a nymph, though she is more commonly depicted as a goat.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a goat, she is often shown suckling the young Zeus, or with the child mounted upon her back.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''LIMC''583_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''LIMC''583-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Amalthea is also found on coins and medallions from the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>, including those from the reigns of <a href="/wiki/Titus" title="Titus">Titus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gallienus" title="Gallienus">Gallienus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPreimesberger63–64Woods189–190_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPreimesberger63–64Woods189–190-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_representations">Other representations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amalthea_(mythology)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Other representations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Job" title="Book of Job">Book of Job</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a> (dated to around the 2nd century BC), the name of the youngest daughter of <a href="/wiki/Job_(biblical_figure)" title="Job (biblical figure)">Job</a>, <a href="/wiki/Keren-happuch" title="Keren-happuch">Keren-happuch</a>, is rendered as <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Amaltheías Kéras</i></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Ἀμαλθείας Κέρας</span></span>, <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">horn of Amalthea</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>), a name which the Roman author <a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny the Elder</a> explicitly identifies with the cornucopia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''DDD''s.v._Amaltheia_Ἀμάλθεια_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''DDD''s.v._Amaltheia_Ἀμάλθεια-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 4th-century AD, the Christian bishop <a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nyssa" title="Gregory of Nyssa">Gregory of Nyssa</a> writes that the text's usage of this term should not be taken as reason to believe in the mythical Greek tale of Amalthea, but that it is the text's way of emphasising the virtuous character and beautiful appearance of Job's daughter.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Lexicon_Gregorianum''s.v._Ἀμάλθεια,_ἡ_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Lexicon_Gregorianum''s.v._Ἀμάλθεια,_ἡ-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti 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span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:392px;max-width:392px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:260px;max-width:260px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:191px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Childhood_of_Zeus_(Louvre)_by_Jakob_Jordaens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Painting showing a woman milking a goat, beside an infant and a satyr" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/The_Childhood_of_Zeus_%28Louvre%29_by_Jakob_Jordaens.jpg/330px-The_Childhood_of_Zeus_%28Louvre%29_by_Jakob_Jordaens.jpg" decoding="async" width="258" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/The_Childhood_of_Zeus_%28Louvre%29_by_Jakob_Jordaens.jpg/500px-The_Childhood_of_Zeus_%28Louvre%29_by_Jakob_Jordaens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/The_Childhood_of_Zeus_%28Louvre%29_by_Jakob_Jordaens.jpg/960px-The_Childhood_of_Zeus_%28Louvre%29_by_Jakob_Jordaens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1263" data-file-height="935" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:128px;max-width:128px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:191px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Amalthea_Julien_Louvre_CC230.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Sculpture of a woman draped in cloth, with her hand on a goat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Amalthea_Julien_Louvre_CC230.jpg/126px-Amalthea_Julien_Louvre_CC230.jpg" decoding="async" width="126" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Amalthea_Julien_Louvre_CC230.jpg/189px-Amalthea_Julien_Louvre_CC230.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Amalthea_Julien_Louvre_CC230.jpg/252px-Amalthea_Julien_Louvre_CC230.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1780" data-file-height="2700" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Pictured are <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Jordaens" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacques Jordaens">Jacques Jordaens</a>' <i>Jupiter and Amalthea</i> (left), dating to around 1625–1650,<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Julien" title="Pierre Julien">Pierre Julien</a>'s <i>Amalthea</i> (right), dating to around 1786–1787.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWorley178_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWorley178-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></div></div> <p>In modern art, Amalthea was the subject of <a href="/wiki/The_Goat_Amalthea_with_the_Infant_Jupiter_and_a_Faun" title="The Goat Amalthea with the Infant Jupiter and a Faun">a sculpture</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Baroque_sculpture" title="Baroque sculpture">Baroque</a> sculptor <a href="/wiki/Gian_Lorenzo_Bernini" title="Gian Lorenzo Bernini">Gian Lorenzo Bernini</a>, which was among his first works, having been produced in 1615 or earlier.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPreimesberger59_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPreimesberger59-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The work depicts Amalthea as a goat, and shows the infant Jupiter drinking her milk, accompanied by a young <a href="/wiki/Satyr" title="Satyr">satyr</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPreimesberger60–61_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPreimesberger60–61-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was for some time thought to have been produced in antiquity.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZirpolo90_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZirpolo90-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The work, which was acquired by <a href="/wiki/Scipione_Borghese" title="Scipione Borghese">Scipione Borghese</a> in 1615, may have served a political purpose; it may have been used by the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Borghese" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Borghese">Borghese family</a> as a way of portraying the appointment of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_V" title="Pope Paul V">Pope Paul V</a> as ushering in a "new Golden Age", represented by the mythical figure of Amalthea, who personified abundance.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPreimesberger53,_62_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPreimesberger53,_62-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The myth of the goat Amalthea was a common subject for the Flemish painter <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Jordaens" title="Jacob Jordaens">Jacob Jordaens</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESutton147_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESutton147-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whose paintings of the scene in some cases included elements such as a satyr playing a flute or tambourine, or a nymph holding a milk pitcher looking while at the audience.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAuweraSchaudies116Sutton147–148_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAuweraSchaudies116Sutton147–148-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A print by <a href="/wiki/Schelte_a_Bolswert" title="Schelte a Bolswert">Schelte a Bolswert</a>, after one of Jordaens' paintings of Amalthea, is accompanied by an inscription which presents a moral interpretation of the myth, explaining that Jupiter's adulterous ways are unsurprising, given he is raised by a goat and satyrs, an upbringing which leads him to emulate a "goat's nature".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPreimesberger64–65_128-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPreimesberger64–65-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around 1786 to 1787, the French sculptor <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Julien" title="Pierre Julien">Pierre Julien</a> produced a work depicting Amalthea as a nymph, covered in drapery and accompanied by a goat;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWorley87,_90_129-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWorley87,_90-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when the sculpture was exhibited in 1791, it received high praise, attracting comparison from one critic with the classical Greek sculptures of <a href="/wiki/Praxiteles" title="Praxiteles">Praxiteles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Phidias" title="Phidias">Phidias</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWorley89_130-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWorley89-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Julien also produced a relief in which Amalthea is a she-goat, which depicts, in addition to the young Jupiter and several nymphs, a number of Corybantes shown dancing raucously.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWorley91_131-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWorley91-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amalthea_(mythology)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hei%C3%B0r%C3%BAn" title="Heiðrún">Heiðrún</a>, cosmic goat in Norse mythology</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amalthea_(mythology)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLIMC"><i>LIMC</i></a>, p. 582; <a href="/wiki/Digital_LIMC" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital LIMC">Digital LIMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://app.dasch.swiss/resource/080E/OVuxdjQNVrOl2DghstgDAw">45698 (Amaltheia 1)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPearson60-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPearson60_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPearson">Pearson</a>, p. 60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See, for instance, those collected by <a href="#CITEREFGruppe">Gruppe</a>, pp. 824–825 n. 9 and <a href="#CITEREFRoscher">Roscher</a>, p. 265.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPearson">Pearson</a>, p. 60. For these translations, see <a href="#CITEREFMontanari">Montanari</a>, s.vv. ἀμάλη, ἀμαλλα, ἀμαλός, p. 101.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontanaris.v._ἀμαλθεύω,_p._83-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontanaris.v._ἀμαλθεύω,_p._83_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMontanari">Montanari</a>, s.v. ἀμαλθεύω, p. 83.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPearson">Pearson</a>, p. 60; <a href="/wiki/Sophocles" title="Sophocles">Sophocles</a>, fr. 95 <i>TrGF</i> (<a href="#CITEREFRadt">Radt</a>, p. 148) [= <a href="/wiki/Photius" class="mw-redirect" title="Photius">Photius</a>, <i>Lexicon</i> s.v. Ἀμαλθεύειν (<a href="#CITEREFReitzenstein">Reitzenstein</a>, p. 86)].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPearson">Pearson</a>, p. 60. He adds that the association of the horn of Amalthea with various deities suggests that Amalthea was "not a distinctively conceived personality".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHutchinson201-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHutchinson201_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHutchinson">Hutchinson</a>, p. 201.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGantz28West1966300_on_line_484-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGantz28West1966300_on_line_484_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGantz">Gantz</a>, p. 28; <a href="#CITEREFWest1966">West 1966</a>, p. 300 on line 484.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHard2004">Hard 2004</a>, p. 74; <a href="/wiki/Hesiod" title="Hesiod">Hesiod</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Theogony" title="Theogony">Theogony</a></i> 484 (<a href="#CITEREFMost">Most</a>, pp. 40, 41).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilletts120Astour314_n._18Hutchinson201–202-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilletts120Astour314_n._18Hutchinson201–202_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilletts">Willetts</a>, p. 120; <a href="#CITEREFAstour">Astour</a>, p. 314 n. 18; <a href="#CITEREFHutchinson">Hutchinson</a>, pp. 201–202.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAstour314_n._23-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAstour314_n._23_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAstour">Astour</a>, p. 314 n. 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWest1966300_on_line_484López-Riuz45-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWest1966300_on_line_484López-Riuz45_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWest1966">West 1966</a>, p. 300 on line 484; <a href="#CITEREFLópez-Riuz">López-Riuz</a>, p. 45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarnell1896b478-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFarnell1896b478_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFarnell1896b">Farnell 1896b</a>, p. 478.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/253072">30.115.21</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESevasti127Hard2004280-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESevasti127Hard2004280_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSevasti">Sevasti</a>, p. 127; <a href="#CITEREFHard2004">Hard 2004</a>, p. 280.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFontenrose350''LIMC''582-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFontenrose350''LIMC''582_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFontenrose">Fontenrose</a>, p. 350; <a href="#CITEREFLIMC"><i>LIMC</i></a>, p. 582.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJ._F._Miller">J. F. Miller</a>, p. 223; <a href="#CITEREFFowler2013">Fowler 2013</a>, pp. 323–324; <a href="#CITEREFBrill's_New_Pauly_Vol._1"><i>Brill's New Pauly</i> Vol. 1</a>, s.v. Amalthea (1); <a href="#CITEREFWest1983">West 1983</a>, p. 131. On when the tradition of this horn was first integrated with that of Zeus's infancy, see <a href="#Merging_of_traditions">§ Merging of traditions</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFowler2013">Fowler 2013</a>, p. 324; <a href="#CITEREFGantz">Gantz</a>, p. 41; <a href="/wiki/Anacreon" title="Anacreon">Anacreon</a>, fr. 361 <i>PMG</i> (<a href="#CITEREFPage">Page</a>, p. 184); <a href="/wiki/Phocylides" title="Phocylides">Phocylides</a>, fr. 7 <a href="#CITEREFGerber">Gerber</a> (pp. 396, 397).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrill's_New_Pauly_Vol._1"><i>Brill's New Pauly</i> Vol. 1</a>, s.v. Amalthea (1); <a href="#CITEREFFowler2013">Fowler 2013</a>, p. 324; <a href="/wiki/Aristophanes" title="Aristophanes">Aristophanes</a>, fr. 707 <i>PCG</i> (<a href="#CITEREFKasselAustin1984">Kassel & Austin 1984</a>, p. 362); <a href="/wiki/Cratinus" title="Cratinus">Cratinus</a>, fr. 261 <i>PCG</i> (<a href="#CITEREFKasselAustin1983">Kassel & Austin 1983</a>, p. 255); <a href="/wiki/Antiphanes_(comic_poet)" title="Antiphanes (comic poet)">Antiphanes</a>, fr. 108 <i>PCG</i> (<a href="#CITEREFKasselAustin1991">Kassel & Austin 1991</a>, p. 368); <a href="/wiki/Philemon_(poet)" title="Philemon (poet)">Philemon</a>, fr. 68 <i>PCG</i> (<a href="#CITEREFKasselAustin1989">Kassel & Austin 1989</a>, p. 261).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFowler2013">Fowler 2013</a>, p. 323; <a href="#CITEREFStephens">Stephens</a>, p. 64 on lines 48–49; <a href="/wiki/Pherecydes_of_Athens" title="Pherecydes of Athens">Pherecydes</a>, fr. 42 <a href="#CITEREFFowler2000">Fowler (2000</a>, p. 303) [= <i>FGrHist</i> 3 F42 = <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Apollodorus)" title="Bibliotheca (Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a>, 2.7.5 (<a href="#CITEREFFrazer1921">Frazer 1921</a>, pp. 256, 257)].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDavies">Davies</a>, pp. xii–xiii; <a href="#CITEREFGantz">Gantz</a>, p. 28; <a href="/wiki/Pindar" title="Pindar">Pindar</a>, fr. 70b (249a) <a href="#CITEREFMaehler">Maehler</a> (p. 77) [= Scholia D on <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a></i>, 21.194 (<a href="#CITEREFDindorf">Dindorf</a>, p. 218)].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFowler2013">Fowler 2013</a>, p. 323; <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Apollodorus)" title="Bibliotheca (Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a>, 2.7.5 (<a href="#CITEREFFrazer1921">Frazer 1921</a>, pp. 256, 257).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGantz">Gantz</a>, p. 42; <a href="#CITEREFLIMC"><i>LIMC</i></a>, p. 582; <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Apollodorus)" title="Bibliotheca (Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a>, 2.7.5 (<a href="#CITEREFFrazer1921">Frazer 1921</a>, pp. 256, 257); <a href="/wiki/Philemon_(poet)" title="Philemon (poet)">Philemon</a>, fr. 68 <i>PCG</i> (<a href="#CITEREFKasselAustin1989">Kassel & Austin 1989</a>, p. 261). According to Gantz, Apollodorus's source for this may be Pherecydes, whom he cites immediately afterwards.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHard2004">Hard 2004</a>, p. 280; cf. <a href="#CITEREFLIMC"><i>LIMC</i></a>, p. 581.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRE"><i>RE</i></a>, s.v. Amaltheia (1); <a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus" title="Diodorus Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a>, 4.35.3–4 (<a href="#CITEREFOldfather1935">Oldfather 1935</a>, pp. 456, 457); <a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a>, 10.2.19 (<a href="#CITEREFJones1928">Jones 1928</a>, pp. 56, 57). For other versions of this myth, including those in which Amalthea is not mentioned, see <a href="/wiki/Achelous#Heracles_and_Deianeira" title="Achelous">Achelous § Heracles and Deianeira</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKerényi93-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKerényi93_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKerényi">Kerényi</a>, p. 93.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrimal">Grimal</a>, s.v. Amalthea, p. 35 describes it as "most usual form of the story".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWest1983">West 1983</a>, p. 5 suggests a date in the latter part of the 4th century BC, though <a href="#CITEREFBetegh">Betegh</a>, pp. 346–347, disagrees with West's assessment that the work was composed this late, and argues that content from the text was referenced in the work of the 4th-century BC <a href="/wiki/Eudemus_of_Rhodes" title="Eudemus of Rhodes">Eudemus of Rhodes</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWest198341–43,_132Gantz41-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWest198341–43,_132Gantz41_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWest1983">West 1983</a>, pp. 41–43, 132; <a href="#CITEREFGantz">Gantz</a>, p. 41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Musaeus_of_Athens" title="Musaeus of Athens">Musaeus</a> fr. 8 <a href="#CITEREFDiels">Diels</a> (pp. 181–182) [= <a href="/wiki/Eratosthenes" title="Eratosthenes">Eratosthenes</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Catasterismi" title="Catasterismi">Catasterismi</a></i> (<a href="#CITEREFHard2015">Hard 2015</a>, p. 44)]. The <i>Catasterismi</i> are a lost work, and survive only through the epitome of the text written by Pseudo-Eratosthenes.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGee131–132Gantz41Frazer2015a120-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGee131–132Gantz41Frazer2015a120_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGee">Gee</a>, pp. 131–132; <a href="#CITEREFGantz">Gantz</a>, p. 41; <a href="#CITEREFFrazer2015a">Frazer 2015a</a>, p. 120.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGee132Gantz41-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGee132Gantz41_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGee">Gee</a>, p. 132; <a href="#CITEREFGantz">Gantz</a>, p. 41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGantz41-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGantz41_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGantz41_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGantz">Gantz</a>, p. 41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The work was attributed in antiquity to the Roman author <a href="/wiki/Gaius_Julius_Hyginus" title="Gaius Julius Hyginus">Gaius Julius Hyginus</a>; for this dating and attribution, see <a href="#CITEREFHard2004">Hard 2004</a>, p. 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrazer2015b">Frazer 2015b</a>, p. 12; <a href="/wiki/Musaeus_of_Athens" title="Musaeus of Athens">Musaeus</a>, fr. 84 III <a href="#CITEREFBernabé2007">Bernabé (2007</a>, p. 43) [= <a href="/wiki/Gaius_Julius_Hyginus" title="Gaius Julius Hyginus">Hyginus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/De_astronomia" title="De astronomia">De astronomia</a></i> 2.13.6–7 (<a href="#CITEREFHard2015">Hard 2015</a>, pp. 44–45)].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGantz">Gantz</a>, p. 41. According to Gantz, this conclusion is "clearly intended" in Pseudo-Eratosthenes' account.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Brill's_New_Pauly''_Vol._1s.v._Amalthea_(1)-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Brill's_New_Pauly''_Vol._1s.v._Amalthea_(1)_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Brill's_New_Pauly''_Vol._1s.v._Amalthea_(1)_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrill's_New_Pauly_Vol._1"><i>Brill's New Pauly</i> Vol. 1</a>, s.v. Amalthea (1).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFowler2013324-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFowler2013324_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFowler2013">Fowler 2013</a>, p. 324.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHard200475Gantz41-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHard200475Gantz41_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHard2004">Hard 2004</a>, p. 75; <a href="#CITEREFGantz">Gantz</a>, p. 41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBoyd">Boyd</a>, p. 73; <a href="/wiki/Callimachus" title="Callimachus">Callimachus</a>, <i>Hymn to Zeus</i> (1) 1.33–49 (<a href="#CITEREFClayman">Clayman</a>, pp. 186, 187).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStephens">Stephens</a>, p. 64 on lines 48–49; cf. <a href="#CITEREFMcLennan">McLennan</a>, pp. 81–82.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCampbell">Campbell</a>, p. 322; <a href="#CITEREFJ._F._Miller">J. F. Miller</a>, p. 223; <a href="#CITEREFHansen">Hansen</a>, p. 325; Scholia on <a href="/wiki/Callimachus" title="Callimachus">Callimachus</a>' <i>Hymn to Zeus</i> (1), 1.49 (<a href="#CITEREFJ._F._Miller">J. F. Miller</a>, p. 223 n. 9).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLarson">Larson</a>, p. 185; <a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus" title="Diodorus Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a>, 5.70.2–3 (<a href="#CITEREFOldfather1939">Oldfather 1939</a>, pp. 284–287).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFarnell1896a">Farnell 1896a</a>, p. 97; <a href="#CITEREFOldfather1939">Oldfather 1939</a>, p. 289 n. 1; <a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus" title="Diodorus Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a>, 5.70.6 (<a href="#CITEREFOldfather1939">Oldfather 1939</a>, pp. 286–289).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGantz">Gantz</a>, p. 41; Scholia D on <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a></i>, 15.229 (<a href="#CITEREFDindorf">Dindorf</a>, p. 72). This version also specifies that it is Themis who provides the oracle, directing Zeus to use the goat's skin. Part of the scholium's account also seems to have been preserved in <i><a href="/wiki/Oxyrhynchus_Papyri" title="Oxyrhynchus Papyri">P. Oxy.</a></i> 3003 col. ii.15–19 (<a href="#CITEREFParsons">Parsons</a>, p. 17); see <a href="#CITEREFParsons">Parsons</a>, p. 19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHard201546-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHard201546_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHard2015">Hard 2015</a>, p. 46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKidd">Kidd</a>, pp. 239, 240 on line 156; <a href="/wiki/Aratus" title="Aratus">Aratus</a>, <i>Phaenomena</i> 155–61 (<a href="#CITEREFMairMair">Mair & Mair</a>, pp. 218, 219)], with Mair's <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/aratus-phaenomena/1921/pb_LCL129.219.xml#note_LCL129_219_g">n. g</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/aratus-phaenomena/1921/pb_LCL129.219.xml#note_LCL129_219_h">n. h</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChrysanthou">Chrysanthou</a>, p. 166; <a href="#CITEREFMairMair">Mair & Mair</a>, p. 221 n. a.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHard2015">Hard 2015</a>, pp. 46–47; <a href="/wiki/Aratus" title="Aratus">Aratus</a>, <i>Phaenomena</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/aratus-phaenomena/1921/pb_LCL129.221.xml">163</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcLennan81-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcLennan81_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcLennan">McLennan</a>, p. 81.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKidd242_on_line_163-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKidd242_on_line_163_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKidd">Kidd</a>, p. 242 on line 163.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHard2015">Hard 2015</a>, p. 47; <a href="#CITEREFMairMair">Mair & Mair</a>, p. 221 n. a; <a href="/wiki/Aratus" title="Aratus">Aratus</a>, <i>Phaenomena</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/aratus-phaenomena/1921/pb_LCL129.219.xml">164</a>. For the first interpretation, see <a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a>, 8.7.5 (<a href="#CITEREFJones1927">Jones 1927</a>, pp. 222, 223)].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFowler2013323_n._212Boyd73_n._28-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFowler2013323_n._212Boyd73_n._28_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFowler2013">Fowler 2013</a>, p. 323 n. 212; <a href="#CITEREFBoyd">Boyd</a>, p. 73 n. 28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFowler2013323_n._212-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFowler2013323_n._212_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFowler2013">Fowler 2013</a>, p. 323 n. 212.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLIMC"><i>LIMC</i></a>, p. 582; Scholia on <a href="/wiki/Aratus" title="Aratus">Aratus</a>, 164 (<a href="#CITEREFKidd">Kidd</a>, p. 243 on line 164). Cf. <a href="/wiki/Gaius_Julius_Hyginus" title="Gaius Julius Hyginus">Hyginus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/De_astronomia" title="De astronomia">De astronomia</a></i> 2.13.5 (<a href="#CITEREFHard2015">Hard 2015</a>, p. 44), who describes Aix and <a href="/wiki/Helice_(mythology)" title="Helice (mythology)">Helice</a>, nurses of Zeus, as daughters of Olenus.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFowler2013323_n._212_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFowler2013323_n._212-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For a more detailed discussion of possible explanations for this word, see <a href="#CITEREFBömer">Bömer</a>, pp. 298–299 on line 113; <a href="#CITEREFFrazer2015b">Frazer 2015b</a>, pp. 11–12; <a href="#CITEREFBoyd">Boyd</a>, p. 73 with n. 28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOlivieri">Olivieri</a>, p. 17 with n. 22–3; <a href="#CITEREFHard2015">Hard 2015</a>, p. 42; <a href="#CITEREFSantoni">Santoni</a>, p. 190 n. 118; cf. <a href="/wiki/Gaius_Julius_Hyginus" title="Gaius Julius Hyginus">Hyginus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/De_astronomia" title="De astronomia">De astronomia</a></i> 2.13.7 (<a href="#CITEREFHard2015">Hard 2015</a>, pp. 44–45).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGee132_with_n._20-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGee132_with_n._20_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGee">Gee</a>, p. 132 with n. 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFowler2013323–324-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFowler2013323–324_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFowler2013">Fowler 2013</a>, pp. 323–324.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Fasti_(poem)" title="Fasti (poem)">Fasti</a></i> 5.111–28 (<a href="#CITEREFFrazer1931">Frazer 1931</a>, pp. 268, 269).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGantz41Campbell322-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGantz41Campbell322_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGantz">Gantz</a>, p. 41; <a href="#CITEREFCampbell">Campbell</a>, p. 322.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGee131Hard201547-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGee131Hard201547_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGee">Gee</a>, p. 131; <a href="#CITEREFHard2015">Hard 2015</a>, p. 47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoyleWoodard258_on_lines_5.111&ndash;114-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoyleWoodard258_on_lines_5.111&ndash;114_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBoyleWoodard">Boyle & Woodard</a>, p. 258 on lines 5.111–114.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGantz">Gantz</a>, p. 41; <a href="#CITEREFHard2004">Hard 2004</a>, p. 280; cf. <a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Metamorphoses" title="Metamorphoses">Metamorphoses</a></i> 9.87–88 (<a href="#CITEREFF._J._Miller">F. J. Miller</a>, pp. 8, 9), where a similar scene is described for the horn of Achelous.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">On the ambiguity of Ovid's Latin as to this detail, see <a href="#CITEREFGee">Gee</a>, p. 131 n. 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGee">Gee</a>, p. 131; <a href="#CITEREFBoyleWoodard">Boyle & Woodard</a>, pp. 258 on lines 1.111–114, 259 on lines 5.127–128. According to Boyle and Woodard, the horn may become the constellation <a href="/wiki/Capricornus" title="Capricornus">Capricornus</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJ._F._Miller218,_225-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJ._F._Miller218,_225_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJ._F._Miller">J. F. Miller</a>, pp. 218, 225.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJ._F._Miller219–220,_222Frazer2015b12-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJ._F._Miller219–220,_222Frazer2015b12_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJ._F._Miller">J. F. Miller</a>, pp. 219–220, 222; <a href="#CITEREFFrazer2015b">Frazer 2015b</a>, p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGee132-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGee132_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGee">Gee</a>, p. 132.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJ._F._Miller220-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJ._F._Miller220_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJ._F._Miller">J. F. Miller</a>, p. 220.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The initial phrase of Ovid's narrative is <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Ab Iove surgat opus</i></span> (rendered as "Begin the work with Jupiter" in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/ovid-fasti/1931/pb_LCL253.269.xml">Frazer's translation</a>), while Aratus begins with <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Ἐκ Διὸς ἀρχώμεσθα</span></span> ("Let us begin from Zeus").</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJ._F._Miller">J. F. Miller</a>, pp. 221–222. Miller also points to Ovid's choice to describe the goat as having two kids, which hints at the constellation of the Kids, mentioned by Aratus as sitting beside that of the goat (and as being her offspring).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBoyd">Boyd</a>, p. 72. According to Boyd, in Ovid "makes Callimachus both the primary model and the focus of his narrative". In response, <a href="#CITEREFJ._F._Miller">J. F. Miller</a>, p. 218, argues that Boyd "downplays the extent of Ovid's engagement with Aratus here, and correspondingly somewhat overemphasizes the admittedly important Callimachean background".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJ._F._Miller">J. F. Miller</a>, p. 223; Scholia on <a href="/wiki/Aratus" title="Aratus">Aratus</a>, 156 (<a href="#CITEREFMartin">Martin</a>, pp. 158–159).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">On the scholiast's apparent placement of the myth in Arcardia, see <a href="#CITEREFGee">Gee</a>, p. 134 n. 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGee">Gee</a>, p. 134. According to Gee, "we can surmise this from our knowledge of the tradition recorded by Pherecydes" (though the horn is there part of a different story).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJ._F._Miller">J. F. Miller</a>, p. 223. On this marble relief, see <a href="#Iconography">§ Iconography</a>. For Miller's discussion of this representation, and its apparent parallels to Ovid's account, see <a href="#CITEREFJ._F._Miller">J. F. Miller</a>, pp. 223–225.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Gaius_Julius_Hyginus" title="Gaius Julius Hyginus">Hyginus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Fabulae" title="Fabulae">Fabulae</a></i> 139 (<a href="#CITEREFSmithTrzaskoma">Smith & Trzaskoma</a>, p. 146); <a href="#CITEREFMarshall">Marshall</a>, pp. 122–123. For this dating, see <a href="#CITEREFHard2004">Hard 2004</a>, p. 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGantz">Gantz</a>, p. 41. In Hesiod's <i>Theogony</i>, the <a href="/wiki/Titans" title="Titans">Titan</a> <a href="/wiki/Cronus" title="Cronus">Cronus</a> swallows the first five of his children—<a href="/wiki/Hestia" title="Hestia">Hestia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Demeter" title="Demeter">Demeter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hera" title="Hera">Hera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hades" title="Hades">Hades</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Poseidon" title="Poseidon">Poseidon</a>—once each is born, and so, their mother, <a href="/wiki/Rhea_(mythology)" title="Rhea (mythology)">Rhea</a>, gives Cronus a stone to swallow in place of their sixth child, Zeus. In the <i>Fabulae</i>, instead of swallowing his children, Cronus hurls Poseidon below the seas, and casts Hades into the <a href="/wiki/Greek_underworld" title="Greek underworld">underworld</a>. Hera is also not swallowed, as she transports the newborn Zeus.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKerényi93–94-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKerényi93–94_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKerényi">Kerényi</a>, pp. 93–94.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This is the interpretation of <a href="#CITEREFLIMC"><i>LIMC</i></a>, p. 582.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHard2004">Hard 2004</a>, p. 75; <a href="#CITEREFKerényi">Kerényi</a>, pp. 93–94; <a href="#CITEREFLIMC"><i>LIMC</i></a>, p. 582. The quoted translation is that given by <a href="#CITEREFSmithTrzaskoma">Smith & Trzaskoma</a>, p. 146.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHard200475-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHard200475_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHard2004">Hard 2004</a>, p. 75.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKerényi">Kerényi</a>, p. 94. The Kouretes (also referred to as the Corybantes) are included in accounts of Zeus's infancy from as early as Callimachus, and are commonly described as performing their clangorous dance around the entrance to the cave in which the infant is nursed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHard200475_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHard200475-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENilsson480_n._6-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENilsson480_n._6_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNilsson">Nilsson</a>, p. 480 n. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Gaius_Julius_Hyginus" title="Gaius Julius Hyginus">Hyginus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Fabulae" title="Fabulae">Fabulae</a></i> 182 (<a href="#CITEREFSmithTrzaskoma">Smith & Trzaskoma</a>, p. 158); <a href="#CITEREFMarshall">Marshall</a>, p. 152. Marshall gives the names of the three daughters as <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Idyia</i></span>, <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Althaea</i></span>, and <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Adrasta</i></span>; cf. <a href="#CITEREFSmithTrzaskoma">Smith & Trzaskoma</a>, p. 191 on line 182.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWest1983">West 1983</a>, p. 133 n. 40; so too <a href="#CITEREFSmithTrzaskoma">Smith & Trzaskoma</a>, p. 191 on line 182.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This is the interpretation of <a href="#CITEREFFowler2013">Fowler 2013</a>, p. 323.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmithTrzaskoma158,_191_to_line_182-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmithTrzaskoma158,_191_to_line_182_89-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmithTrzaskoma">Smith & Trzaskoma</a>, pp. 158, 191 to line 182.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmithTrzaskoma158-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmithTrzaskoma158_90-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmithTrzaskoma">Smith & Trzaskoma</a>, p. 158.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFowler2013">Fowler 2013</a>, p. 323 n. 212; <a href="#CITEREFBrill's_New_Pauly_Vol._8"><i>Brill's New Pauly</i> Vol. 8</a>, s.v. Melisseus. Hyginus also states that these three are "the ones that are called Dodonian Nymphs (others call them the Naiads)".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmithTrzaskoma158_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmithTrzaskoma158-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLIMC"><i>LIMC</i></a>, p. 583; <a href="/wiki/Digital_LIMC" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital LIMC">Digital LIMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://app.dasch.swiss/resource/080E/VDtVGGc0Ul20YSRJ57gZbg">1942 (Amaltheia 6)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">On this figure, see <a href="#CITEREFBrill's_New_Pauly_Vol._8"><i>Brill's New Pauly</i> Vol. 8</a>, s.v. Melisseus. According to Frazer's note 1 to <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Apollodorus)" title="Bibliotheca (Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a>, 1.1.7 (<a href="#CITEREFFrazer1921">Frazer 1921</a>, pp. 6–9), "his name is probably due to an attempt to rationalize the story that the infant Zeus was fed by bees".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrill's_New_Pauly_Vol._8"><i>Brill's New Pauly</i> Vol. 8</a>, s.v. Melisseus; <a href="#CITEREFBraswell">Braswell</a>, p. 158; <a href="/wiki/Didymus_Chalcenterus" title="Didymus Chalcenterus">Didymus</a> on <a href="/wiki/Pindar" title="Pindar">Pindar</a>, fr. 14b <a href="#CITEREFBraswell">Braswell</a> (pp. 155–157)] [= <a href="/wiki/Lactantius" title="Lactantius">Lactantius</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Divine_Institutes" class="mw-redirect" title="Divine Institutes">Divine Institutes</a></i> (<a href="#CITEREFBowenGarnsey">Bowen & Garnsey</a>, p. 114)].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWest1983">West 1983</a>, pp. 122–123; <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Apollodorus)" title="Bibliotheca (Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a>, 1.1.6–7 (<a href="#CITEREFFrazer1921">Frazer 1921</a>, pp. 6, 7).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBreithaupt">Breithaupt</a>, p. 48; <a href="/wiki/Gaius_Julius_Hyginus" title="Gaius Julius Hyginus">Hyginus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/De_astronomia" title="De astronomia">De astronomia</a></i> 2.13.5 (<a href="#CITEREFHard2015">Hard 2015</a>, p. 44). Hyginus attributes this account to the 2nd- or 1st-century BC Greek writer <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parmeniscus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parmeniscus (page does not exist)">Parmeniscus</a>; on this author, see <a href="#CITEREFBrill's_New_Pauly_Vol._10"><i>Brill's New Pauly</i> Vol. 10</a>, s.v. Parmeniscus.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For this dating, see <a href="#CITEREFMeisner">Meisner</a>, p. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWest1983">West 1983</a>, p. 133 n. 37; Orphic frr. 209 I <a href="#CITEREFBernabé2005">Bernabé (2005</a>, pp. 181–182), 209 II <a href="#CITEREFBernabé2005">Bernabé (2005</a>, pp. 182–183).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrissonV_p._61West198372,_122–123-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrissonV_p._61West198372,_122–123_99-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrisson">Brisson</a>, V p. 61; <a href="#CITEREFWest1983">West 1983</a>, pp. 72, 122–123.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBernabé2008">Bernabé 2008</a>, p. 315. Compare with <a href="#CITEREFMeisner">Meisner</a>, p. 219, who states that in the Rhapsodies Zeus is "nursed by a triad of nymphs: Ida, Adrasteia, and Amaltheia", and <a href="#CITEREFChrysanthou">Chrysanthou</a>, p. 363, whose reconstruction of the poem, drawing here from Hermias, states that "Ide and Adrasteia protected Zeus who was hidden in Night's cave where he was also nurtured by Amaltheia".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGantz">Gantz</a>, p. 42; cf. <a href="#CITEREFWest1983">West 1983</a>, pp. 125–126.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernabé2005182-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBernabé2005182_102-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBernabé2005">Bernabé 2005</a>, p. 182.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmith">Smith</a>, s.v. Amalthea; <a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus" title="Diodorus Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a>, 3.68.1 (<a href="#CITEREFOldfather1935">Oldfather 1935</a>, pp. 308, 309).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWiniarczyk">Winiarczyk</a>, p. 127; <a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus" title="Diodorus Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a>, 3.74.1 (<a href="#CITEREFOldfather1935">Oldfather 1935</a>, pp. 328, 329).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Cicero" title="Cicero">Cicero</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Letters_to_Atticus" class="mw-redirect" title="Letters to Atticus">Letters to Atticus</a></i> 1.16.18 (<a href="#CITEREFBailey">Bailey</a>, pp. 90–93).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPetersson27-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPetersson27_106-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPetersson">Petersson</a>, p. 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHejduk41Petersson27-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHejduk41Petersson27_107-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHejduk">Hejduk</a>, p. 41; <a href="#CITEREFPetersson">Petersson</a>, p. 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrill's_New_Pauly_Vol._1"><i>Brill's New Pauly</i> Vol. 1</a>, s.v. Amalthea (1); <a href="/wiki/Zenobius" title="Zenobius">Zenobius</a>, 2.48 (<a href="#CITEREFSchneidewin">Schneidewin</a>, pp. 44, 45).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVian">Vian</a>, p. 309; <a href="/wiki/Gaius_Julius_Hyginus" title="Gaius Julius Hyginus">Hyginus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/De_astronomia" title="De astronomia">De astronomia</a></i> 2.28.1 (<a href="#CITEREFHard2015">Hard 2015</a>, p. 79). For the translation of Aegipan's name, see <a href="#CITEREFTripp">Tripp</a>, s.v. Aegipan, p. 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVian">Vian</a>, p. 309; <a href="/wiki/Nonnus" title="Nonnus">Nonnus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Dionysiaca" title="Dionysiaca">Dionysiaca</a></i> 27.298 (<a href="#CITEREFRouse">Rouse</a>, pp. 340, 341)].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReeder38-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReeder38_111-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFReeder">Reeder</a>, p. 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLIMC"><i>LIMC</i></a>, p. 582; <a href="/wiki/Digital_LIMC" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital LIMC">Digital LIMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://app.dasch.swiss/resource/080E/OVuxdjQNVrOl2DghstgDAw">45698 (Amaltheia 1)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJ._F._Miller223-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJ._F._Miller223_113-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJ._F._Miller">J. F. Miller</a>, p. 223.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJ._F._Miller223–224-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJ._F._Miller223–224_114-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJ._F._Miller">J. F. Miller</a>, pp. 223–224.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLIMC"><i>LIMC</i></a>, p. 583; <a href="#CITEREFPreimesberger">Preimesberger</a>, p. 60. In some cases representations of a goat identified as Amalthea may instead be depictions of the goat she owns.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''LIMC''583-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''LIMC''583_116-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLIMC"><i>LIMC</i></a>, p. 583.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPreimesberger63–64Woods189–190-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPreimesberger63–64Woods189–190_117-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPreimesberger">Preimesberger</a>, pp. 63–64; <a href="#CITEREFWoods">Woods</a>, pp. 189–190.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''DDD''s.v._Amaltheia_Ἀμάλθεια-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''DDD''s.v._Amaltheia_Ἀμάλθεια_118-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDDD"><i>DDD</i></a>, s.v. Amaltheia Ἀμάλθεια.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Lexicon_Gregorianum''s.v._Ἀμάλθεια,_ἡ-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Lexicon_Gregorianum''s.v._Ἀμάλθεια,_ἡ_119-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLexicon_Gregorianum"><i>Lexicon Gregorianum</i></a>, s.v. Ἀμάλθεια, ἡ.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSutton">Sutton</a>, p. 148; <a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.louvre.fr/en/ark:/53355/cl010064899">1405</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWorley178-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWorley178_121-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWorley">Worley</a>, p. 178.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPreimesberger59-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPreimesberger59_122-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPreimesberger">Preimesberger</a>, p. 59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPreimesberger60–61-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPreimesberger60–61_123-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPreimesberger">Preimesberger</a>, pp. 60–61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZirpolo90-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZirpolo90_124-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZirpolo">Zirpolo</a>, p. 90.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPreimesberger53,_62-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPreimesberger53,_62_125-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPreimesberger">Preimesberger</a>, pp. 53, 62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESutton147-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESutton147_126-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSutton">Sutton</a>, p. 147.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAuweraSchaudies116Sutton147–148-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAuweraSchaudies116Sutton147–148_127-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAuweraSchaudies">Auwera & Schaudies</a>, p. 116; <a href="#CITEREFSutton">Sutton</a>, pp. 147–148.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPreimesberger64–65-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPreimesberger64–65_128-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPreimesberger">Preimesberger</a>, pp. 64–65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWorley87,_90-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWorley87,_90_129-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWorley">Worley</a>, pp. 87, 90.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWorley89-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWorley89_130-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWorley">Worley</a>, p. 89.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWorley91-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWorley91_131-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWorley">Worley</a>, p. 91.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amalthea_(mythology)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFAstour">Astour, Michael C., "Aegean Place-Names in an Egyptian Inscription", in <i>American Journal of Archaeology</i>, Vol. 70, No. 4, pp. 313–317, 1966. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/502320">502320</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFAuweraSchaudies">Auwera, Joost Vander, and Irene Schaudies, <i>Jordaens and the Antique</i>, Brussels, Mercatorfonds, 2012. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789061536758" title="Special:BookSources/9789061536758">9789061536758</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFBailey"><a href="/wiki/D._R._Shackleton_Bailey" title="D. R. Shackleton Bailey">Bailey, D. R. Shackleton</a>, <i>Cicero. Letters to Atticus, Volume I</i>, <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> No. 7, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, 1999. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674995710" title="Special:BookSources/9780674995710">9780674995710</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL007/1999/volume.xml">Loeb Classical Library</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFBernabé2005">Bernabé, Alberto (2005), <i>Poetae epici Graeci: Testimonia et fragmenta, Pars II: Orphicorum et Orphicis similium testimonia et fragmenta, Fasc 2</i>, <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_Teubneriana" title="Bibliotheca Teubneriana">Bibliotheca Teubneriana</a>, Munich and Leipzig, K. G. Saur Verlag, 2005. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3598717083" title="Special:BookSources/3598717083">3598717083</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9783110918915">10.1515/9783110918915</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFBernabé2007">Bernabé, Alberto (2007), <i>Poetae epici Graeci: Testimonia et fragmenta, Pars II: Musaeus. Linus. Epimenides. Papyrus Derveni. Indices, Fasc 3</i>, <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_Teubneriana" title="Bibliotheca Teubneriana">Bibliotheca Teubneriana</a>, Berlin, De Gruyter, 2007. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783110194876" title="Special:BookSources/9783110194876">9783110194876</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9783110926392">10.1515/9783110926392</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFBernabé2008">Bernabé, Alberto (2008), "Teogonías Órficas", in <i>Orfeo y la tradición órfica</i>, pp. 291–324, edited by Alberto Bernabé and Fransec Casadesús, Madrid, Akal, 2008. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788446018964" title="Special:BookSources/9788446018964">9788446018964</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFBetegh"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A1bor_Betegh" title="Gábor Betegh">Betegh, Gábor</a>, "On Eudemus Fr. 150 (Wehrli)", in <i>Eudemus of Rhodes</i>, pp. 337–357, edited by István Bodnár and William W. Fortenbaugh, Abingdon and New York, Routledge, 2002. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780765801340" title="Special:BookSources/9780765801340">9780765801340</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFBömer">Bömer, Franz, <i>P. Ovidius Naso: Die Fasten. Band II: Kommentar</i>, Heidelberg, Universitätsverlag Winter, 1958. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/6985387">6985387</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/diefasten0002ovid/page/n5/mode/2up">Internet Archive</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFBowenGarnsey">Bowen, Anthony, and Peter Garnsey, <i>Lactantius: Divine Institutes</i>, Liverpool, Liverpool University Press, 2003. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0853239886" title="Special:BookSources/0853239886">0853239886</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lactantiusdivine0000lact/page/n7/mode/2up">Internet Archive</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFBoyd">Boyd, Barbara Weiden, "<i>Celabitur Auctor</i>: The Crisis of Authority and Narrative Patterning in Ovid <i>Fasti</i> 5", in <i>Phoenix</i>, Vol. 54, No. 1/2, pp. 64–98, 2000. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1089091">1089091</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFBoyleWoodard">Boyle, A. J., and R. D. Woodard, <i>Ovid: Fasti</i>, London and New York, Penguin Books, 2000. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0140446907" title="Special:BookSources/0140446907">0140446907</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFBraswell">Braswell, Bruce Karl, <i>Didymos of Alexandria: Commentary on Pindar</i>, Basel, Schwabe, 2017. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783796534935" title="Special:BookSources/9783796534935">9783796534935</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFBreithaupt">Breithaupt, Maximilianus, <i>De Parmenisco Grammatico</i>, Leipzig and Berlin, Teubner, 1915. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/247240766">247240766</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFBrill's_New_Pauly_Vol._1"><i><a href="/wiki/Brill%E2%80%99s_New_Pauly" class="mw-redirect" title="Brill’s New Pauly">Brill’s New Pauly</a>: Encyclopaedia of the Ancient World. Antiquity, Volume 1: A – Ari</i>, edited by Hubert Cancik and Helmuth Schneider, Leiden and Boston, Brill, 2002. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9004122583" title="Special:BookSources/9004122583">9004122583</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFBrill's_New_Pauly_Vol._8"><i><a href="/wiki/Brill%E2%80%99s_New_Pauly" class="mw-redirect" title="Brill’s New Pauly">Brill’s New Pauly</a>: Encyclopaedia of the Ancient World. Antiquity, Volume 8: Lyd – Mine</i>, edited by Hubert Cancik and Helmuth Schneider, Leiden and Boston, Brill, 2006. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9004122710" title="Special:BookSources/9004122710">9004122710</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFBrill's_New_Pauly_Vol._10"><i><a href="/wiki/Brill%E2%80%99s_New_Pauly" class="mw-redirect" title="Brill’s New Pauly">Brill’s New Pauly</a>: Encyclopaedia of the Ancient World. Antiquity, Volume 10: Obl – Phe</i>, edited by Hubert Cancik and Helmuth Schneider, Leiden and Boston, Brill, 2007. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004142152" title="Special:BookSources/9789004142152">9789004142152</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFBrisson"><a href="/wiki/Luc_Brisson" title="Luc Brisson">Brisson, Luc</a>, <i>Orphée et l'Orphisme dans l'Antiquité gréco-romaine</i>, Aldershot, Variorum, 1995. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0860784533" title="Special:BookSources/0860784533">0860784533</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFCampbell">Campbell, David A., <i>Greek Lyric Poetry: A Selection of Early Greek Lyric, Elegiac and Iambic Poetry</i>, London and New York, Bloomsbury, 1982. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780862920081" title="Special:BookSources/9780862920081">9780862920081</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greeklyricpoetry0000unse_a6i5/page/n3/mode/2up">Internet Archive</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFChrysanthou">Chrysanthou, Anthi, <i>Defining Orphism: The Beliefs, the Teletae and the Writings</i>, Berlin and Boston, De Gruyter, 2020. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783110678390" title="Special:BookSources/9783110678390">9783110678390</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9783110678451">10.1515/9783110678451</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFClayman">Clayman, Dee L., <i>Callimachus. Hecale. Hymns. Epigrams</i>, <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> No. 129, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, 2022. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674997332" title="Special:BookSources/9780674997332">9780674997332</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL129/2022/volume.xml">Loeb Classical Library</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFDavies">Davies, Gilbert A., <i>The Trachiniae of Sophocles</i>, London, Cambridge University Press, 1908. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1085959377">1085959377</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/trachiniaeofsop00soph/page/n5/mode/2up">Internet Archive</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFDDD"><i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_Deities_and_Demons_in_the_Bible" title="Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible">Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible</a></i>, edited by <a href="/wiki/Karel_van_der_Toorn" title="Karel van der Toorn">Karel van der Toorn</a>, Bob Becking, and <a href="/wiki/Pieter_W._van_der_Horst" class="mw-redirect" title="Pieter W. van der Horst">Pieter W. van der Horst</a>, Leiden, Boston, and Cologne, Brill, 1999. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9004111190" title="Special:BookSources/9004111190">9004111190</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofdeit0000unse_e5q9/page/n5/mode/2up">Internet Archive</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFDiels"><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Alexander_Diels" title="Hermann Alexander Diels">Diels, Hermann A.</a>, <i>Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker</i>, Volume II, Berlin, Weidmann, 1912. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/551220179">551220179</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/diefragmenteder02diel/page/n3/mode/2up">Internet Archive</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFDindorf"><a href="/wiki/Karl_Wilhelm_Dindorf" title="Karl Wilhelm Dindorf">Dindorf, Karl Wilhelm</a>, <i>Scholia Graeca in Homeri Iliadem</i>, Volume II, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1875. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5197326">5197326</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/scholiagraecainh02homeuoft/page/n3/mode/2up?view=theater">Internet Archive</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scaife.perseus.org/library/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg5026.tlg001/">Perseus Digital Library</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFOldfather1935"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Henry_Oldfather" title="Charles Henry Oldfather">Oldfather, C. H.</a>, <i>Diodorus Siculus. Library of History, Volume II: Books 2.35–4.58</i>, <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> No. 303, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, 1935. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674993341" title="Special:BookSources/9780674993341">9780674993341</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL303/1935/volume.xml">Loeb Classical Library</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/home.html">LacusCurtius</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFOldfather1939"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Henry_Oldfather" title="Charles Henry Oldfather">Oldfather, C. H.</a>, <i>Diodorus Siculus. Library of History, Volume III: Books 4.59–8</i>, <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> No. 340, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, 1939. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674993754" title="Special:BookSources/9780674993754">9780674993754</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL340/1939/volume.xml">Loeb Classical Library</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/home.html">LacusCurtius</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFFarnell1896a"><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Richard_Farnell" title="Lewis Richard Farnell">Farnell, Lewis Richard</a> (1896a), <i><a href="/wiki/The_Cults_of_the_Greek_States" title="The Cults of the Greek States">The Cults of the Greek States</a></i>, Volume I, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1896. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1042985779">1042985779</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/thecultsofthegre01farnuoft/page/n3/mode/2up">Internet Archive</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFFarnell1896b"><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Richard_Farnell" title="Lewis Richard Farnell">Farnell, Lewis Richard</a> (1896b), <i><a href="/wiki/The_Cults_of_the_Greek_States" title="The Cults of the Greek States">The Cults of the Greek States</a></i>, Volume II, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1896. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1042985779">1042985779</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/thecultsofthegre02farnuoft/page/n7/mode/2up">Internet Archive</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFFontenrose"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Eddy_Fontenrose" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Eddy Fontenrose">Fontenrose, Joseph Eddy</a>, <i>Python: A Study of Delphic Myth and Its Origins</i>, Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London, University of California Press, 1959. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0520040910" title="Special:BookSources/0520040910">0520040910</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFFowler2000"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Fowler_(academic)" title="Robert Fowler (academic)">Fowler, R. L.</a> (2000), <i>Early Greek Mythography: Volume 1: Text and Introduction</i>, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2000. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780198147404" title="Special:BookSources/9780198147404">9780198147404</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Factrade%2F9780198147404.book.1">10.1093/actrade/9780198147404.book.1</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFFowler2013"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Fowler_(academic)" title="Robert Fowler (academic)">Fowler, R. L.</a> (2013), <i>Early Greek Mythography: Volume 2: Commentary</i>, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2013. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780198147411" title="Special:BookSources/9780198147411">9780198147411</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Factrade%2F9780198147411.book.1">10.1093/actrade/9780198147411.book.1</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFFrazer1921"><a href="/wiki/James_George_Frazer" title="James George Frazer">Frazer, James George</a> (1921), <i>Apollodorus. The Library, Volume I: Books 1–3.9</i>, <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> No. 121, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, 1921. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674991354" title="Special:BookSources/9780674991354">9780674991354</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL121/1921/volume.xml">Loeb Classical Library</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0548.tlg001.perseus-eng1:1.1.1">Perseus Digital Library</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFFrazer1931"><a href="/wiki/James_George_Frazer" title="James George Frazer">Frazer, James George</a> (1931), <i>Ovid. Fasti</i>, revised by G. P. Goold, <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> No. 253, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, 1931. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674992795" title="Special:BookSources/9780674992795">9780674992795</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL253/1931/volume.xml">Loeb Classical Library</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFFrazer2015a"><a href="/wiki/James_George_Frazer" title="James George Frazer">Frazer, James George</a> (2015a), <i>Fastorum Libri Sex: The </i>Fasti<i> of Ovid. Volume 3: Commentary on Books 3 and 4</i>, London, Cambridge University Press, 2015. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781108082488" title="Special:BookSources/9781108082488">9781108082488</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FCBO9781316180310">10.1017/CBO9781316180310</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFFrazer2015b"><a href="/wiki/James_George_Frazer" title="James George Frazer">Frazer, James George</a> (2015b), <i>Fastorum Libri Sex: The </i>Fasti<i> of Ovid. Volume 4: Commentary on Books 5 and 6</i>, London, Cambridge University Press, 2015. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781108082495" title="Special:BookSources/9781108082495">9781108082495</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fcbo9781316180334">10.1017/cbo9781316180334</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFGantz"><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Gantz" title="Timothy Gantz">Gantz, Timothy</a>, <i>Early Greek Myth: A Guide to Literary and Artistic Sources</i>, Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/080184410X" title="Special:BookSources/080184410X">080184410X</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFGee">Gee, Emma, <i>Ovid, Aratus and Augustus: Astronomy in Ovid's </i>Fasti, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2000. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0521651875" title="Special:BookSources/0521651875">0521651875</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ovidaratusaugust0000geee/page/n7/mode/2up">Internet Archive</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFGerber">Gerber, Douglas E., <i>Greek Elegiac Poetry: From the Seventh to the Fifth Centuries BC</i>, <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> No. 258, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, 1999. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674995826" title="Special:BookSources/9780674995826">9780674995826</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL258/1999/volume.xml">Loeb Classical Library</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFGrimal"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Grimal" title="Pierre Grimal">Grimal, Pierre</a>, <i>The Dictionary of Classical Mythology</i>, Malden, Oxford, and Carlton, Blackwell Publishing, 1986. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0631201025" title="Special:BookSources/0631201025">0631201025</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofclas0000grim/page/n3/mode/2up">Internet Archive</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFGruppe"><a href="/wiki/Otto_Gruppe" title="Otto Gruppe">Gruppe, Otto</a>, <i>Griechische Mythologie und Religionsgeschichte</i>, Volume II, Munich, C. H. Beck, 1906. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/3937254">3937254</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/griechischemytho02grup/page/n7/mode/2up">Internet Archive</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFHansen"><a href="/wiki/William_Hansen_(classicist)" title="William Hansen (classicist)">Hansen, William</a>, <i>Handbook of Classical Mythology</i>, Santa Barbara, ABC-Clio, 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1576072266" title="Special:BookSources/1576072266">1576072266</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/handbookofclassi0000hans/page/n5/mode/2up">Internet Archive</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFHard2004">Hard, Robin (2004), <i>The Routledge Handbook of Greek Mythology: Based on H.J. Rose's "Handbook of Greek Mythology"</i>, London and New York, Routledge, 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/020344633X" title="Special:BookSources/020344633X">020344633X</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9780203446331">10.4324/9780203446331</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFHard2015">Hard, Robin (2015), <i>Eratosthenes and Hyginus: Constellation Myths, With Aratus's Phaenomena</i>, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2015. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780198716983" title="Special:BookSources/9780198716983">9780198716983</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFHejduk">Hejduk, Julia Dyson, <i>Clodia: A Sourcebook</i>, Norman, University of Oklahoma Press, 2008. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780806139074" title="Special:BookSources/9780806139074">9780806139074</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFHutchinson">Hutchinson, Richard Wyatt, <i>Prehistoric Crete</i>, Baltimore, Penguin Books, 1962. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1683258">1683258</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFJones1927">Jones, Horace Leonard, <i>Strabo. Geography, Volume IV: Books 8–9</i>, <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> No. 196, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, 1927. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674992160" title="Special:BookSources/9780674992160">9780674992160</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL196/1927/volume.xml">Loeb Classical Library</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Strabo/home.html">LacusCurtius</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFJones1928">Jones, Horace Leonard, <i>Strabo. Geography, Volume V: Books 10–12</i>, <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> No. 211, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, 1928. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674992337" title="Special:BookSources/9780674992337">9780674992337</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL211/1928/volume.xml">Loeb Classical Library</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Strabo/home.html">LacusCurtius</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFKasselAustin1983">Kassel, Rudolf, and Colin Austin (1983), <i>Poetae Comici Graeci. Volumen IV: Aristophon – Crobylus</i>, Berlin and New York, De Gruyter, 1983. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783110024050" title="Special:BookSources/9783110024050">9783110024050</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9783110826487">10.1515/9783110826487</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFKasselAustin1984">Kassel, Rudolf, and Colin Austin (1984), <i>Poetae Comici Graeci. Volumen III,2: Aristophanes Testimonia et Fragmenta</i>, Berlin and New York, De Gruyter, 1984. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783110098938" title="Special:BookSources/9783110098938">9783110098938</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9783110858556">10.1515/9783110858556</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFKasselAustin1989">Kassel, Rudolf, and Colin Austin (1989), <i>Poetae Comici Graeci. Volumen VII: Menecrates – Xenophon</i>, Berlin and New York, De Gruyter, 1989. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783110120356" title="Special:BookSources/9783110120356">9783110120356</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9783110886283">10.1515/9783110886283</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFKasselAustin1991">Kassel, Rudolf, and Colin Austin (1991), <i>Poetae Comici Graeci. Volumen II: Agathenor – Aristonymus</i>, Berlin and New York, De Gruyter, 1991. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783110128406" title="Special:BookSources/9783110128406">9783110128406</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9783110888058">10.1515/9783110888058</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFKerényi"><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A1roly_Ker%C3%A9nyi" title="Károly Kerényi">Kerényi, Karl</a>, <i>The Gods of the Greeks</i>, Thames and Hudson, London, 1951. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1385393775">1385393775</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/godsofgreeks00kerrich/page/n3/mode/2up">Internet Archive</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFKidd">Kidd, Douglas, <i>Aratus: Phaenomena</i>, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1997. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/052158230X" title="Special:BookSources/052158230X">052158230X</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/phaenomena0000arat/page/n5/mode/2up">Internet Archive</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFLarson">Larson, Jennifer, <i>Greek Nymphs: Myth, Cult, Lore</i>, New York, Oxford University Press, 2001. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0195122941" title="Special:BookSources/0195122941">0195122941</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFLexicon_Gregorianum"><i>Lexicon Gregorianum, Volume 1 Band I ἀβαρής-ἄωρος</i>, edited by Friedhelm Mann, Leiden, Brill, 1999. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9004112286" title="Special:BookSources/9004112286">9004112286</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFLIMC"><i><a href="/wiki/Lexicon_Iconographicum_Mythologiae_Classicae" title="Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae">Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae</a> (LIMC). I.1: Aara – Aphlad</i>, Zurich and Munich, Artemis Verlag, 1981. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3760887511" title="Special:BookSources/3760887511">3760887511</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/limc_20210516/Lexicon%20Iconographicum%20Mythologiae%20Classicae/LIMC%20I-1/mode/2up">Internet Archive</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFLópez-Riuz">López-Riuz, Carolina, "Siting the Gods: Narrative, Cult, and Hybrid Communities in the Iron Age Mediterranean", in <i>Gods and Mortals in Early Greek and Near Eastern Mythology</i>, edited by Adrian Kelly and Christopher Metcalf, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2021. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781108570244" title="Special:BookSources/9781108570244">9781108570244</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFMaehler"><a href="/wiki/Herwig_Maehler" title="Herwig Maehler">Maehler, Herwig</a>, <i>Pindarus Carmina cum fragmentis. Pars II: Fragmenta. Indices</i>, <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_Teubneriana" title="Bibliotheca Teubneriana">Bibliotheca Teubneriana</a>, Munich and Leipzig, K. G. Saur Verlag, 1989. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3598715862" title="Special:BookSources/3598715862">3598715862</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFMairMair"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_William_Mair" title="Alexander William Mair">Mair, A. W.</a>, and G. R. Mair, <i>Callimachus, Lycophron, Aratus, Hymns and Epigrams. Lycophron: Alexandra. Aratus: Phaenomena</i>, <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> No. 129, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, 1921. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674991439" title="Special:BookSources/9780674991439">9780674991439</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL129/1921/volume.xml">Loeb Classical Library</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFMarshall">Marshall, Peter K., <i>Hyginus <Mythographus>: Fabulae</i>, <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_Teubneriana" title="Bibliotheca Teubneriana">Bibliotheca Teubneriana</a>, Munich and Leipzig, K. G. Saur Verlag, 2002. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3598712375" title="Special:BookSources/3598712375">3598712375</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9783110975512">10.1515/9783110975512</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFMartin">Martin, Jean, <i>Scholia in Aratum vetera</i>, <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_Teubneriana" title="Bibliotheca Teubneriana">Bibliotheca Teubneriana</a>, Leipzig, Teubner, 1974. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/351901047X" title="Special:BookSources/351901047X">351901047X</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/scholiainaratumv0000mart/mode/2up">Internet Archive</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFMcLennan">McLennan, George Robert, <i>Callimachus, Hymn to Zeus: Introduction and Commentary</i>, Rome, Edizioni dell'Ateneo, 1977. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5075443">5075443</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFMeisner">Meisner, Dwayne A., <i>Orphic Tradition and the Birth of the Gods</i>, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2018. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780190663520" title="Special:BookSources/9780190663520">9780190663520</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foso%2F9780190663520.001.0001">10.1093/oso/9780190663520.001.0001</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFF._J._Miller"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Justus_Miller" title="Frank Justus Miller">Miller, Frank Justus</a>, <i>Ovid. Metamorphoses, Volume II: Books 9–15</i>, revised by G. P. Goold, <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> No. 43, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, 1916. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674990470" title="Special:BookSources/9780674990470">9780674990470</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL043/1916/volume.xml">Loeb Classical Library</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFJ._F._Miller">Miller, John F., "Ovid and the Legend of Capella (<i>Fasti</i> 5.111–128)", in <i>At the Crossroads of Greco-Roman History, Culture, and Religion: Papers in Memory of Carin M. C. Green</i>, pp. 217–228, edited by Sinclair W. Bell and Lora L. Holland, Oxford, Archaeopress, 2018. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781789690149" title="Special:BookSources/9781789690149">9781789690149</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2Fj.ctv1228gbp">10.2307/j.ctv1228gbp</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFMontanari">Montanari, Franco, <i>The Brill Dictionary of Ancient Greek</i>, edited by Madeleine Goh and Chad Schroeder, Leiden, Brill, 2015. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004193185" title="Special:BookSources/9789004193185">9789004193185</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFMost"><a href="/wiki/Glenn_W._Most" title="Glenn W. Most">Most, Glenn W.</a>, <i>Hesiod, Theogony, Works and Days, Testimonia</i>, <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> No. 57, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, 2018. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674997202" title="Special:BookSources/9780674997202">9780674997202</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL057/2018/volume.xml">Loeb Classical Library</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFNilsson"><a href="/wiki/Martin_P._Nilsson" title="Martin P. Nilsson">Nilsson, Martin P.</a>, <i>The Minoan-Mycenaean Religion and Its Survival in Greek Religion</i>, Lund, Gleerup, 1927.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFOlivieri">Olivieri, Alexander, <i>Pseudo-Eratosthenis: Catasterismi</i>, <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_Teubneriana" title="Bibliotheca Teubneriana">Bibliotheca Teubneriana</a>, Leipzig, Teubner, 1897. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/61949084">61949084</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mythographigrae00olivgoog/page/n5/mode/2up">Internet Archive</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFPage"><a href="/wiki/Denys_Page" title="Denys Page">Page, Denys Lionel</a>, <i>Poetae Melici Graeci</i>, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1962. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0198143338" title="Special:BookSources/0198143338">0198143338</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/poetaemelicigrae0000deny/page/n5/mode/2up">Internet Archive</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFParsons">Parsons, Peter J., <i>The Oxyrhynchus Papyri: Volume XLII</i>, London, Egypt Exploration Society, 1974. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1123837201">1123837201</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFPearson"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Chilton_Pearson" title="Alfred Chilton Pearson">Pearson, Alfred Chilton</a>, <i>The Fragments of Sophocles</i>, Volume I, New York, Cambridge University Press, 1917. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780511707575" title="Special:BookSources/9780511707575">9780511707575</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFPetersson">Petersson, Torsten, <i>Cicero: A Biography</i>, New York, Biblo and Tannen, 1963. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0819601195" title="Special:BookSources/0819601195">0819601195</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFPreimesberger">Preimesberger, Rudolf, <i>Paragons and Paragone: Van Eyck, Raphael, Michelangelo, Caravaggio, and Bernini</i>, Los Angeles, Getty Publications, 2011. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780892369645" title="Special:BookSources/9780892369645">9780892369645</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFRadt"><a href="/wiki/Stefan_Radt" title="Stefan Radt">Radt, Stefan</a>, <i>Tragicorum Graecorum Fragmenta. Vol. 3: Aeschylus</i>, Göttingen, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1985. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783525257456" title="Special:BookSources/9783525257456">9783525257456</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFRE"><i><a href="/wiki/Realencyclop%C3%A4die_der_classischen_Altertumswissenschaft" class="mw-redirect" title="Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft">Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft</a></i>, Band I, Halbband 2, edited by <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wissowa" title="Georg Wissowa">Georg Wissowa</a>, Stuttgart, J. B. Metzler, 1894. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1083364219">1083364219</a>. <a class="external text" href="https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/Paulys_Realencyclop%C3%A4die_der_classischen_Altertumswissenschaft">Wikisource</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFReeder">Reeder, Jane Clark, <i>The Villa of Livia Ad Gallinas Albas: A Study in the Augustan Villa and Garden</i>, Providence, Center for Old World Archaeology and Art, 2001. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0974860980" title="Special:BookSources/0974860980">0974860980</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFReitzenstein"><a href="/wiki/Richard_August_Reitzenstein" title="Richard August Reitzenstein">Reitzenstein, Richard August</a>, <i>Der Anfang des Lexikons des Photios</i>, Leipzig, Teubner, 1907. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/10236429">10236429</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/deranfangdeslex00reitgoog/mode/2up">Internet Archive</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFRoscher"><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Heinrich_Roscher" title="Wilhelm Heinrich Roscher">Roscher, Wilhelm Heinrich</a>, <i>Ausführliches Lexikon der griechischen und römischen Mythologie</i>, Leipzig, Teubner, 1884. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/902817350">902817350</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ausfhrlicheslexi11rosc/page/n5/mode/2up">Internet Archive</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFRouse"><a href="/wiki/W._H._D._Rouse" title="W. H. D. Rouse">Rouse, W. H. D.</a>, <i>Nonnos. Dionysiaca, Volume II: Books 16–35</i>, <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> No. 345, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, 1940. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674993914" title="Special:BookSources/9780674993914">9780674993914</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL354/1940/volume.xml">Loeb Classical Library</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/dionysiaca02nonnuoft#page/n5/mode/2up">Internet Archive</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFSantoni">Santoni, Anna, <i>Eratostene: Epitome dei Catasterismi</i>, Pisa, Edizioni ETS, 2009. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788846726452" title="Special:BookSources/9788846726452">9788846726452</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFSchneidewin"><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_Schneidewin" title="Friedrich Wilhelm Schneidewin">Schneidewin, Friedrich Wilhelm</a>, <i>Corpus Paroemiographorum Graecorum: Tomus I</i>, Göttingen, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1839. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/910311709">910311709</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/corpusparoemiogr01leutuoft/page/n3/mode/2up">Internet Archive</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFSevasti">Sevasti, Despina, "The Cornucopia of Greekness: Copies and Performances of a Body That Never Was", in <i>Political and Cultural Aspects of Greek Exoticism</i>, pp. 125–138, edited by Panayis Panagiotopoulos and Dimitris P. Sotiropoulos, Cham, Springer, 2019. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783030198640" title="Special:BookSources/9783030198640">9783030198640</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-030-19864-0">10.1007/978-3-030-19864-0</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFSmithTrzaskoma">Smith, Scott R., and Stephen M. Trzaskoma, <i>Apollodorus' </i>Library<i> and Hyginus' </i>Fabulae<i>: Two Handbooks of Greek Mythology</i>, Indianapolis and Cambridge, Hackett Publishing, 2007. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780872208216" title="Special:BookSources/9780872208216">9780872208216</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/apollodoruslibra0000apol/page/n3/mode/2up">Internet Archive</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFSmith"><a href="/wiki/William_Smith_(lexicographer)" title="William Smith (lexicographer)">Smith, William</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_Greek_and_Roman_Biography_and_Mythology" title="Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology">Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology</a></i>, London, John Murray, 1873. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/681106410">681106410</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3atext%3a1999.04.0104">Perseus Digital Library</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFStephens">Stephens, Susan A., <i>Callimachus: The Hymns</i>, Oxford and New York, Oxford University Press, 2015. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780190266783" title="Special:BookSources/9780190266783">9780190266783</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFSutton"><a href="/wiki/Peter_C._Sutton" title="Peter C. Sutton">Sutton, Peter C.</a>, <i>Northern European Paintings in the Philadelphia Museum of Art: From the Sixteenth Through the Nineteenth Century</i>, Philadelphia, Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1990. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0876330820" title="Special:BookSources/0876330820">0876330820</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/northerneuropean00phil/page/n3/mode/2up">Internet Archive</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFTripp"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Tripp" title="Edward Tripp">Tripp, Edward</a>, <i>Crowell's Handbook of Classical Mythology</i>, New York, Thomas Y. Crowell, 1970. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/069022608X" title="Special:BookSources/069022608X">069022608X</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/crowellshandbook00trip/page/n5/mode/2up">Internet Archive</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFVian">Vian, Francis, <i>Nonnos de Panopolis, Les Dionysiaques. Tome V: Chants XI–XIII</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Collection_Bud%C3%A9" title="Collection Budé">Collection Budé</a></i>, Paris, Les Belles Lettres, 1990. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/225100419X" title="Special:BookSources/225100419X">225100419X</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFWest1966"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Litchfield_West" title="Martin Litchfield West">West, M. L.</a> (1966), <i>Hesiod: Theogony</i>, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1966. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0198141696" title="Special:BookSources/0198141696">0198141696</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFWest1983"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Litchfield_West" title="Martin Litchfield West">West, M. L.</a> (1983), <i>The Orphic Poems</i>, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1983. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0198148542" title="Special:BookSources/0198148542">0198148542</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFWilletts">Willetts, R. F., <i>Ancient Crete: A Social History: From Early Times until the Roman Occupation</i>, Abingdon, Routledge, 1965. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415412711" title="Special:BookSources/9780415412711">9780415412711</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFWiniarczyk">Winiarczyk, Marek, <i>The "Sacred History" of Euhemerus of Messene</i>, Berlin and Boston, De Gruyter, 2013. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783110278880" title="Special:BookSources/9783110278880">9783110278880</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9783110294880">10.1515/9783110294880</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFWoods">Woods, David, "Gallienus, Amalthea, and the <i>Pietas Faleri</i>", <i>American Journal of Numismatics</i>, Vol. 31, pp. 189–206, 2019. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27095032">27095032</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFWorley">Worley, Michael Preston, <i>Pierre Julien: Sculptor to Queen Marie-Antoinette</i>, Lincoln, iUniverse, 2003. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0595294715" title="Special:BookSources/0595294715">0595294715</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFZirpolo">Zirpolo, Lilian H., <i>Historical Dictionary of Baroque Art and Architecture</i>, Lanham, Toronto, and Plymouth, Scarecrow Press, 2010. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780810874947" title="Special:BookSources/9780810874947">9780810874947</a>.</cite></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Greek_mythology_(deities)" title="Template:Greek mythology (deities)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Greek_mythology_(deities)" title="Template talk:Greek mythology (deities)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Greek_mythology_(deities)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Greek mythology (deities)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ancient_Greek_deities198" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Ancient <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Greek</a> deities</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greek_primordial_deities" title="Greek primordial deities">Primal <br /> elements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aether_(mythology)" title="Aether (mythology)">Aether</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaos_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaos (mythology)">Chaos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erebus" title="Erebus">Erebus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eros" title="Eros">Eros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaia" title="Gaia">Gaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemera" title="Hemera">Hemera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyx" title="Nyx">Nyx</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Ourea" title="Ourea">Ourea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontus_(mythology)" title="Pontus (mythology)">Pontus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartarus" title="Tartarus">Tartarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranus_(mythology)" title="Uranus (mythology)">Uranus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Titans" title="Titans">Titans</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">The twelve <a href="/wiki/Titans" title="Titans">Titans</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coeus" title="Coeus">Coeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crius" title="Crius">Crius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cronus" title="Cronus">Cronus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dione_(Titaness)" title="Dione (Titaness)">Dione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperion_(Titan)" title="Hyperion (Titan)">Hyperion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iapetus" title="Iapetus">Iapetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mnemosyne" title="Mnemosyne">Mnemosyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanus" title="Oceanus">Oceanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoebe_(Titaness)" title="Phoebe (Titaness)">Phoebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhea_(mythology)" title="Rhea (mythology)">Rhea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tethys_(mythology)" title="Tethys (mythology)">Tethys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theia" title="Theia">Theia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Themis" title="Themis">Themis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Descendants of the Titans</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asteria" title="Asteria">Asteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astraeus" title="Astraeus">Astraeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_(mythology)" title="Atlas (mythology)">Atlas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eos" title="Eos">Eos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epimetheus" title="Epimetheus">Epimetheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helios" title="Helios">Helios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leto" title="Leto">Leto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menoetius" title="Menoetius">Menoetius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallas_(Titan)" title="Pallas (Titan)">Pallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perses_(son_of_Crius)" title="Perses (son of Crius)">Perses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prometheus" title="Prometheus">Prometheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selene" title="Selene">Selene</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%">Olympian <br /> deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;"><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Olympians" title="Twelve Olympians">Twelve Olympians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aphrodite" title="Aphrodite">Aphrodite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ares" title="Ares">Ares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis" title="Artemis">Artemis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athena" title="Athena">Athena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demeter" title="Demeter">Demeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysus" title="Dionysus">Dionysus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hephaestus" title="Hephaestus">Hephaestus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hera" title="Hera">Hera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermes" title="Hermes">Hermes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hestia" title="Hestia">Hestia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poseidon" title="Poseidon">Poseidon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Olympian Gods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asclepius" title="Asclepius">Asclepius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eileithyia" title="Eileithyia">Eileithyia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enyo" title="Enyo">Enyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eris_(mythology)" title="Eris (mythology)">Eris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iris_(mythology)" title="Iris (mythology)">Iris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmonia" title="Harmonia">Harmonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebe_(mythology)" title="Hebe (mythology)">Hebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heracles" title="Heracles">Heracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paean_(god)" title="Paean (god)">Paean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_(god)" title="Pan (god)">Pan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;"><a href="/wiki/Muses" title="Muses">Muses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Daughters of <a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calliope" title="Calliope">Calliope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clio" title="Clio">Clio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euterpe" title="Euterpe">Euterpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erato" title="Erato">Erato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melpomene" title="Melpomene">Melpomene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyhymnia" title="Polyhymnia">Polyhymnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terpsichore" title="Terpsichore">Terpsichore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalia_(Muse)" title="Thalia (Muse)">Thalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urania" title="Urania">Urania</a></li></ul></li> <li>Daughters of <a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollonis" title="Apollonis">Apollonis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borysthenis" title="Borysthenis">Borysthenis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cephisso" title="Cephisso">Cephisso</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeotia" title="Boeotia">Boeotian</a> Muses <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aoede" title="Aoede">Aoide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melete" title="Melete">Melete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mneme" title="Mneme">Mneme</a></li></ul></li> <li>Muses of the <a href="/wiki/Lyre" title="Lyre">Lyre</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hypate" title="Hypate">Hypate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mese_(mythology)" title="Mese (mythology)">Mese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nete_(mythology)" title="Nete (mythology)">Nete</a></li></ul></li> <li>Muses at <a href="/wiki/Sicyon" title="Sicyon">Sicyon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polymatheia" title="Polymatheia">Polymatheia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;"><a href="/wiki/Charites" title="Charites">Charites</a> (Graces)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aglaia_(Grace)" title="Aglaia (Grace)">Aglaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphrosyne" title="Euphrosyne">Euphrosyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hegemone" title="Hegemone">Hegemone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasithea" title="Pasithea">Pasithea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalia_(Grace)" title="Thalia (Grace)">Thalia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;"><a href="/wiki/Horae" title="Horae">Horae</a> (Hours)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dike_(mythology)" title="Dike (mythology)">Dike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eirene_(goddess)" title="Eirene (goddess)">Eirene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunomia" title="Eunomia">Eunomia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Children of <a href="/wiki/Styx" title="Styx">Styx</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bia_(mythology)" title="Bia (mythology)">Bia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kratos_(mythology)" title="Kratos (mythology)">Kratos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nike_(mythology)" title="Nike (mythology)">Nike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zelus" title="Zelus">Zelus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greek_water_deities" title="Greek water deities">Water <br /> deities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Sea deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amphitrite" title="Amphitrite">Amphitrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benthesikyme" title="Benthesikyme">Benthesikyme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brizo" title="Brizo">Brizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calliste_(mythology)" title="Calliste (mythology)">Calliste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calypso_(mythology)" title="Calypso (mythology)">Calypso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceto" title="Ceto">Ceto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurybia_(mythology)" title="Eurybia (mythology)">Eurybia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glaucus" title="Glaucus">Glaucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leucothea" title="Leucothea">Leucothea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melicertes" title="Melicertes">Melicertes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nereus" title="Nereus">Nereus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerites_(mythology)" title="Nerites (mythology)">Nerites</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Nesoi" title="Nesoi">Nesoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanus" title="Oceanus">Oceanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phorcys" title="Phorcys">Phorcys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontus_(mythology)" title="Pontus (mythology)">Pontus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poseidon" title="Poseidon">Poseidon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proteus" title="Proteus">Proteus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodos" title="Rhodos">Rhodos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tethys_(mythology)" title="Tethys (mythology)">Tethys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalassa" title="Thalassa">Thalassa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaumas" title="Thaumas">Thaumas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thetis" title="Thetis">Thetis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triton_(mythology)" title="Triton (mythology)">Triton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;"><a href="/wiki/Oceanids" title="Oceanids">Oceanids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acaste_(Oceanid)" title="Acaste (Oceanid)">Acaste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Admete_(Oceanid)" title="Admete (Oceanid)">Admete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia_(Oceanid)" title="Asia (Oceanid)">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callirhoe_(Oceanid)" title="Callirhoe (Oceanid)">Callirhoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceto_(Greek_myth)" title="Ceto (Greek myth)">Ceto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clymene_(mother_of_Phaethon)" title="Clymene (mother of Phaethon)">Clymene (consort of Helios)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clymene_(wife_of_Iapetus)" title="Clymene (wife of Iapetus)">Clymene (wife of Iapetus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clytie_(Oceanid)" title="Clytie (Oceanid)">Clytie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dione_(Titaness)" title="Dione (Titaness)">Dione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodone_(mythology)" title="Dodone (mythology)">Dodone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doris_(Oceanid)" title="Doris (Oceanid)">Doris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electra_(Oceanid)" title="Electra (Oceanid)">Electra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurynome_(Oceanid)" title="Eurynome (Oceanid)">Eurynome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idyia" title="Idyia">Idyia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melia_(consort_of_Apollo)" title="Melia (consort of Apollo)">Melia (consort of Apollo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melia_(consort_of_Inachus)" title="Melia (consort of Inachus)">Melia (consort of Inachus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metis_(mythology)" title="Metis (mythology)">Metis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perse_(mythology)" title="Perse (mythology)">Perse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philyra_(Oceanid)" title="Philyra (Oceanid)">Philyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleione_(mythology)" title="Pleione (mythology)">Pleione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plouto_(Oceanid)" class="mw-redirect" title="Plouto (Oceanid)">Plouto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Styx" title="Styx">Styx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telesto_(mythology)" title="Telesto (mythology)">Telesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theia_(Oceanid)" title="Theia (Oceanid)">Theia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeuxo_(Oceanid)" title="Zeuxo (Oceanid)">Zeuxo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;"><a href="/wiki/Nereids" title="Nereids">Nereids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amatheia_(mythology)" title="Amatheia (mythology)">Amatheia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphithoe_(mythology)" title="Amphithoe (mythology)">Amphithoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphitrite" title="Amphitrite">Amphitrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arethusa_(mythology)" title="Arethusa (mythology)">Arethusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cymatolege_(mythology)" title="Cymatolege (mythology)">Cymatolege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cymo_(mythology)" title="Cymo (mythology)">Cymo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamene" title="Dynamene">Dynamene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acis_and_Galatea" title="Acis and Galatea">Galatea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galene_(mythology)" title="Galene (mythology)">Galene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protomedeia" title="Protomedeia">Protomedeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psamathe_(Nereid)" title="Psamathe (Nereid)">Psamathe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sao_(mythology)" title="Sao (mythology)">Sao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spio" title="Spio">Spio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalia_(Nereid)" title="Thalia (Nereid)">Thalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thetis" title="Thetis">Thetis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;"><a href="/wiki/River_gods_(Greek_mythology)" title="River gods (Greek mythology)">River gods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achelous" title="Achelous">Achelous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpheus_(deity)" title="Alpheus (deity)">Alpheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anapus" title="Anapus">Anapus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asopus" title="Asopus">Asopus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asterion_(god)" title="Asterion (god)">Asterion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axius_(mythology)" title="Axius (mythology)">Axius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caanthus" title="Caanthus">Caanthus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cebren" title="Cebren">Cebren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cephissus_(mythology)" title="Cephissus (mythology)">Cephissus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enipeus_(deity)" title="Enipeus (deity)">Enipeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kladeos" title="Kladeos">Kladeos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meander_(mythology)" title="Meander (mythology)">Meander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilus_(mythology)" title="Nilus (mythology)">Nilus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numicus" title="Numicus">Numicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phyllis_(river_god)" title="Phyllis (river god)">Phyllis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peneus" title="Peneus">Peneus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangarius_(mythology)" title="Sangarius (mythology)">Sangarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scamander" title="Scamander">Scamander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selemnus_(god)" title="Selemnus (god)">Selemnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simoeis" title="Simoeis">Simoeis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strymon_(mythology)" title="Strymon (mythology)">Strymon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;"><a href="/wiki/Naiad" title="Naiad">Naiads</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aegina_(mythology)" title="Aegina (mythology)">Aegina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achiroe" title="Achiroe">Achiroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aganippe_(naiad)" title="Aganippe (naiad)">Aganippe</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Anigrides" title="Anigrides">Anigrides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argyra_(mythology)" title="Argyra (mythology)">Argyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bistonis" title="Bistonis">Bistonis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolbe" title="Bolbe">Bolbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caliadne" title="Caliadne">Caliadne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassotis" title="Cassotis">Cassotis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castalia" title="Castalia">Castalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleocharia" title="Cleocharia">Cleocharia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creusa_(Naiad)" title="Creusa (Naiad)">Creusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daphne" title="Daphne">Daphne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drosera_(naiad)" title="Drosera (naiad)">Drosera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpina" title="Harpina">Harpina</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Ionides" title="Ionides">Ionides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismenis" title="Ismenis">Ismenis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larunda" title="Larunda">Larunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilaea" title="Lilaea">Lilaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liriope_(nymph)" title="Liriope (nymph)">Liriope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melite_(naiad)" title="Melite (naiad)">Melite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metope_(mythology)" title="Metope (mythology)">Metope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minthe" title="Minthe">Minthe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moria_(nymph)" title="Moria (nymph)">Moria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nana_(Greek_mythology)" title="Nana (Greek mythology)">Nana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaea_(mythology)" title="Nicaea (mythology)">Nicaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orseis" title="Orseis">Orseis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallas_(daughter_of_Triton)" title="Pallas (daughter of Triton)">Pallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirene_(nymph)" title="Pirene (nymph)">Pirene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmacis" title="Salmacis">Salmacis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stilbe" title="Stilbe">Stilbe</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Thriae" title="Thriae">Thriae</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corycia" title="Corycia">Corycia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleodora_(nymph)" title="Cleodora (nymph)">Cleodora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melaina" title="Melaina">Melaina</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiasa" title="Tiasa">Tiasa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%">Personifications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Children of <a href="/wiki/Eris_(mythology)" title="Eris (mythology)">Eris</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algos" class="mw-redirect" title="Algos">Algos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphillogiai" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphillogiai">Amphillogiai</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Androktasiai" title="Androktasiai">Androktasiai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/At%C3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Atë">Atë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dysnomia_(deity)" title="Dysnomia (deity)">Dysnomia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horkos" title="Horkos">Horkos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hysminai" title="Hysminai">Hysminai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lethe_(daughter_of_Eris)" title="Lethe (daughter of Eris)">Lethe</a></li> <li>Logoi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limos" title="Limos">Limos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machai" title="Machai">Machai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neikea" class="mw-redirect" title="Neikea">Neikea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonoi" title="Phonoi">Phonoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponos" title="Ponos">Ponos</a></li> <li>Pseudea</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Children of <a href="/wiki/Nyx" title="Nyx">Nyx</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apate" title="Apate">Apate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eris_(mythology)" title="Eris (mythology)">Eris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geras" title="Geras">Geras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesperides" title="Hesperides">Hesperides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypnos" title="Hypnos">Hypnos</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Keres" title="Keres">Keres</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Moirai" title="Moirai">Moirai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atropos" title="Atropos">Atropos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clotho" title="Clotho">Clotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lachesis" title="Lachesis">Lachesis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Momus" title="Momus">Momus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moros" title="Moros">Moros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemesis" title="Nemesis">Nemesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oizys" title="Oizys">Oizys</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Oneiros" title="Oneiros">Oneiroi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philotes" title="Philotes">Philotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanatos" title="Thanatos">Thanatos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achlys" title="Achlys">Achlys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adephagia" title="Adephagia">Adephagia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aergia" title="Aergia">Aergia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aidos" title="Aidos">Aidos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aion_(deity)" title="Aion (deity)">Aion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alala" title="Alala">Alala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alastor" title="Alastor">Alastor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aletheia" title="Aletheia">Aletheia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alke" title="Alke">Alke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amechania" title="Amechania">Amechania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaideia" title="Anaideia">Anaideia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananke" title="Ananke">Ananke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelia" title="Angelia">Angelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apheleia" title="Apheleia">Apheleia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arete_(mythology)" title="Arete (mythology)">Arete</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Arae" title="Arae">Arae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astraea" title="Astraea">Astraea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caerus" title="Caerus">Caerus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronos" title="Chronos">Chronos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysus" title="Chrysus">Chrysus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corus_(mythology)" title="Corus (mythology)">Corus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deimos_(deity)" title="Deimos (deity)">Deimos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dike_(mythology)" title="Dike (mythology)">Dikaiosyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyssebeia" title="Dyssebeia">Dyssebeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eiresione" title="Eiresione">Eiresione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekecheiria" title="Ekecheiria">Ekecheiria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eulabeia_(mythology)" title="Eulabeia (mythology)">Eulabeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eupraxia_(mythology)" title="Eupraxia (mythology)">Eupraxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eusebeia" title="Eusebeia">Eusebeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ersa" title="Ersa">Ersa</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Erotes" title="Erotes">Erotes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anteros" title="Anteros">Anteros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eros" title="Eros">Eros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedylogos" title="Hedylogos">Hedylogos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermaphroditus" title="Hermaphroditus">Hermaphroditus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hymen_(god)" title="Hymen (god)">Hymen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotes#Pothos" title="Erotes">Pothos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelos_(mythology)" title="Gelos (mythology)">Gelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedone" title="Hedone">Hedone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heimarmene" title="Heimarmene">Heimarmene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homados" title="Homados">Homados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homonoia_(mythology)" title="Homonoia (mythology)">Homonoia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horme" title="Horme">Horme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iacchus" title="Iacchus">Iacchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioke_(mythology)" title="Ioke (mythology)">Ioke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakia" title="Kakia">Kakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koalemos" title="Koalemos">Koalemos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kydoimos" title="Kydoimos">Kydoimos</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Litae" title="Litae">Litae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyssa" title="Lyssa">Lyssa</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Maniae" title="Maniae">Maniae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methe" title="Methe">Methe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomos_(mythology)" title="Nomos (mythology)">Nomos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palioxis" title="Palioxis">Palioxis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peitharchia" title="Peitharchia">Peitharchia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peitho" title="Peitho">Peitho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penia" title="Penia">Penia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penthus" title="Penthus">Penthus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepromene" title="Pepromene">Pepromene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pheme" title="Pheme">Pheme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phobos_(mythology)" title="Phobos (mythology)">Phobos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrike" title="Phrike">Phrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phthonus" title="Phthonus">Phthonus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poena" title="Poena">Poine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polemos" title="Polemos">Polemos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porus_(mythology)" title="Porus (mythology)">Poros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praxidice" title="Praxidice">Praxidice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proioxis" title="Proioxis">Proioxis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophasis" title="Prophasis">Prophasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soter_(daimon)" title="Soter (daimon)">Soter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soteria_(mythology)" title="Soteria (mythology)">Soteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrasos" title="Thrasos">Thrasos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyche" title="Tyche">Tyche</a></li> <li>The Younger <a href="/wiki/Charites" title="Charites">Charites</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eucleia" title="Eucleia">Eucleia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eupheme_(deity)" title="Eupheme (deity)">Eupheme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthenia" title="Euthenia">Euthenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philophrosyne" title="Philophrosyne">Philophrosyne</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%">Other deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Sky</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Anemoi" title="Anemoi">Anemoi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boreas" title="Boreas">Boreas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurus" title="Eurus">Eurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notus" title="Notus">Notus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zephyrus" title="Zephyrus">Zephyrus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesperus" title="Hesperus">Hesperus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus_(morning_star)" title="Phosphorus (morning star)">Phosphorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phaethon" title="Phaethon">Phaethon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrape_and_Bronte" title="Astrape and Bronte">Astrape and Bronte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aura_(mythology)" title="Aura (mythology)">Aura</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Hesperides" title="Hesperides">Hesperides</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Hyades_(mythology)" title="Hyades (mythology)">Hyades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nephele" title="Nephele">Nephele</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Pleiades_(Greek_mythology)" title="Pleiades (Greek mythology)">Pleiades</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcyone_(Pleiad)" title="Alcyone (Pleiad)">Alcyone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterope_(Pleiad)" title="Sterope (Pleiad)">Sterope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celaeno" title="Celaeno">Celaeno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electra_(Pleiad)" title="Electra (Pleiad)">Electra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maia" title="Maia">Maia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merope_(Pleiad)" title="Merope (Pleiad)">Merope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taygete" title="Taygete">Taygete</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirius_(mythology)" title="Sirius (mythology)">Sirius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tritopatores" title="Tritopatores">Tritopatores</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Agriculture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aphaea" class="mw-redirect" title="Aphaea">Aphaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demeter" title="Demeter">Demeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Despoina" title="Despoina">Despoina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunostus" title="Eunostus">Eunostus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opora_(mythology)" title="Opora (mythology)">Opora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philomelus" title="Philomelus">Philomelus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plutus" title="Plutus">Plutus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Health</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asclepius" title="Asclepius">Asclepius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aceso" title="Aceso">Aceso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epione" title="Epione">Epione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iaso" title="Iaso">Iaso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hygieia" title="Hygieia">Hygieia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paean_(god)" title="Paean (god)">Paean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panacea" title="Panacea">Panacea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telesphorus_(mythology)" title="Telesphorus (mythology)">Telesphorus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Rustic <br />deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aetna_(nymph)" title="Aetna (nymph)">Aetna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agdistis" title="Agdistis">Agdistis</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Alseid" title="Alseid">Alseids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphictyonis" title="Amphictyonis">Amphictyonis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristaeus" title="Aristaeus">Aristaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attis" title="Attis">Attis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britomartis" title="Britomartis">Britomartis</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Cabeiri" title="Cabeiri">Cabeiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comus" title="Comus">Comus</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Dryad" title="Dryad">Dryades</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erato_(dryad)" title="Erato (dryad)">Erato</a></li></ul></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Hamadryad" title="Hamadryad">Hamadryades</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chrysopeleia" title="Chrysopeleia">Chrysopeleia</a></li></ul></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Epimelides" title="Epimelides">Epimelides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hecaterus" title="Hecaterus">Hecaterus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leuce_(mythology)" title="Leuce (mythology)">Leuce</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Maenad" title="Maenad">Maenades</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Meliae" title="Meliae">Meliae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperborean_maidens" title="Hyperborean maidens">Hyperborean maidens</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Oread" title="Oread">Oreads</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Echo_(mythology)" title="Echo (mythology)">Echo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priapus" title="Priapus">Priapus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhapso" title="Rhapso">Rhapso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silenus" title="Silenus">Silenus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telete" title="Telete">Telete</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexiares_and_Anicetus" title="Alexiares and Anicetus">Alexiares and Anicetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aphroditus" title="Aphroditus">Aphroditus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arke" title="Arke">Arke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auxesia_(Greek_mythology)" title="Auxesia (Greek mythology)">Auxesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enodia" title="Enodia">Enodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circe" title="Circe">Circe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enyalius" title="Enyalius">Enyalius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hecate" title="Hecate">Hecate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaestra_(mythology)" title="Palaestra (mythology)">Palaestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasipha%C3%AB" title="Pasiphaë">Pasiphaë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phanes" title="Phanes">Phanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sosipolis_(god)" title="Sosipolis (god)">Sosipolis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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