CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIzMiIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzMiIgZmlsbD0ibm9uZSI+PHBhdGggZmlsbD0iI0IyMEYwMyIgZD0iTTE2IDNhMTMgMTMgMCAxIDAgMTMgMTNBMTMuMDE1IDEzLjAxNSAwIDAgMCAxNiAzbTAgMjRhMTEgMTEgMCAxIDEgMTEtMTEgMTEuMDEgMTEuMDEgMCAwIDEtMTEgMTEiLz48cGF0aCBmaWxsPSIjQjIwRjAzIiBkPSJNMTcuMDM4IDE4LjYxNUgxNC44N0wxNC41NjMgOS41aDIuNzgzem0tMS4wODQgMS40MjdxLjY2IDAgMS4wNTcuMzg4LjQwNy4zODkuNDA3Ljk5NCAwIC41OTYtLjQwNy45ODQtLjM5Ny4zOS0xLjA1Ny4zODktLjY1IDAtMS4wNTYtLjM4OS0uMzk4LS4zODktLjM5OC0uOTg0IDAtLjU5Ny4zOTgtLjk4NS40MDYtLjM5NyAxLjA1Ni0uMzk3Ii8+PC9zdmc+);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "dl.acm.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '92740898bfdf52ea',cH: 'EET4rHVOd7hgCdkexIMlnidC82416JAcopF9BAjI55w-1743132466-1.2.1.1-HzYen3jGh9Y9FnaKER_fsHwBLln14fR1IJpEOsin.B8rb8.q3A0JeCVBMsM0jekv',cUPMDTk: "\/doi\/10.1145\/3064176.3064187?__cf_chl_tk=p9HIwMyo9AHT8xQ0XpnzWZb86XVGol3to6qPpNY2fng-1743132466-1.0.1.1-vOJhuhg1D23E2WaBvMu2nXsJKKaTy8ItsEQb8kbqXVA",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1743132466',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/doi\/10.1145\/3064176.3064187?__cf_chl_f_tk=p9HIwMyo9AHT8xQ0XpnzWZb86XVGol3to6qPpNY2fng-1743132466-1.0.1.1-vOJhuhg1D23E2WaBvMu2nXsJKKaTy8ItsEQb8kbqXVA",md: "KGWMfOize.OjwW.72t3zzEOnt_lAAMPQm3vEFx80Eko-1743132466-1.2.1.1-WLjUBOk7aLYISGQZ_8bFcjKsAJHJ35iOnyn9a2aCwiBSgDNWHGat9agJwhBbK1dq9i3xjZ9x2gvUPH0s9SI3AYYwo9aOIoXePIA5yQeUs9YmMTtrIF4MzwsQdpnSPOqUPg9wXUkCo8VV6tfvg5pKdGsa0dKsHxhlqnqEnuyiMJIJWoq3AdtWWdKmV5_0p1c9S_LxNtczjxye2DQdcF8KYVCyQlpW_VxVb2B0st2l95ROcCc.3hKnjAH_y03zt3aRziuF.ziGcsHRODTGytWehTqQu_6GyHGmd4gKT1o3R2Pcz2W4Db1BZobXMkaB9fjjILzXo0IUQoiNP3jYFwrTH8vrO2ZZIUOhi9gi_V_PA4cCNTPgwzTVkGytIJOnknkFqWQrTOcKgLvZ3gtJHpr4WjZzWSvzkstNTJqQIsWwJh2gfjKSk40XYZ3Qp4UhxH3M35yaaUAvZIcemjyx.6G2jHlKneCg6zOS27v1HKycE9exueO8XHkDyxkGvFpt6qquxdExz4OBko.WUFtx82aaMmr9y5nndneX0Ob.zNkIZB86WN3tQwOm8zS7engUTCvxicpyxwbg2ZlNAlonC3.Wh6unT.fAjZuiOfDb7P4gtsFPedSOcIuYdb7yIchsVImIFKMQo5EQdXYypGm4PhVzTode0yswRCInoccVjBml6viSW54O3lw09_XQ4Be.JEa_cjEcUlATc.a5lp3h_mjR_Fl2fJyUXYfxZNN.yYb6QUXHANvSQ21fhPn4E6j7.9Gs9rfMtkmrmacNP5bm6E8fLWrKLberMRW2L06wSNMtIlNRwroFDa5KJl_dM9ElIzBS1Uz_ZCgh3holTj.God_lonmIaAkFUApbFVuhQJeMj.gIRWtL8M50BrU15G5lremHPTlh6aZiJvNIIrLvEp0e0aWWwt76E1PD5_TdNW1Z6xfuvvlMgf8nVuOAJz.SqaakLnclZ1mSqAbvXrhv.FVOm9PCO75PZkSrNAe5eYAnNZyW1qcytP3E020wqNsZEVEaT8MtheppFQUbocBfFU82NXdzF1jQYRK0c5XEjCdZk2YId6nX1W6ztG4MCR41HO_TDQoL3kKZWeeWQDmJGO7seSel4imMJmJkYHmMuqqfoHle_F6VJN.6gj6NP.m4GiIzBgIOrNFWtv6RqPM0QPI6jtIUkFt9ePmDB.oNm0X7qYkskenmMBRCmcNZgamYzjoR9oADWL0XOqggYyr9IFMiT40x0GI_I5nEb7oEMyIxGI7I0mgW4TziqSiiPnG3KW65lpPug.XSsa8NZNFv9nTsxg",mdrd: "keOiW6FvHgXVAt9WblJObWGb2YRjdyJ2qQ3xlWtdmBE-1743132466-1.2.1.1-oVIu6vbi5_JUHPkX_KnwffsmvP6Z5JwUqJqPzY2bZ5WvwjyabMm_lioE9BoQjmzBTcSnY7biDPWNTM8A7rzUUDLugl7jCsIpEq2RAHU0jJyhFoBV5bBhow8yJjTBzba6AvE.3N8JvDQ4cbCQdnPSrEKLtdVN6ZwuupY1P4IaJAnJTC0CUvz4LWa_TZIvZij7LYF1dYeTpYHxliVCnO118qxa2vSzmFupQMyR7OndoLqKPBXr3u2b.TA.k7nNmKj5Jp.ZPEOUbjLRH9BJ0LaeMydfbjkyE4ebhQdR5P9oTWlosM50IjeriWcpwHpt6GtW9P7coMiQVxrlC1lfoo.4FH.ShPFVeQ4YKsBARuXOgM1Or6U26zSVrqcslpzKnp7_R91ThlTjUi4nqqKui2PSiRF4.lZpyveK1YyxeK2wFDUQ30TQSVWClyv07FKDf8oJnLQ9rpjBRlT0kDu7tx6e2p51rNYN6j.pERnzfi4_GqaVSLzPlBIeRspRYTNIDoj8hqEwjNimupBNB48C.3eg23oOewFXHZsgP1UVKTnbzdZEdp_dpVw7ozebCiokJOD7FFnhE5_q3SDug0rLGn103G.OpsZHXwsk_r9yIH10QjpAxlyL0fLwNz0yHkuOWZ_fVsHGKsLOJT43eTlnnZ2xPHTXl6jOpkMrkEQoUI2jVAVMRGQuICeFnolBNUYPQVTr2yjGJNAw1mva5eMn0j6EzdXX8lgjtuyNcxDxuLw3uQxp46nMQ8eXS3UgbwXXbk.xCjCEpKXajm9bKNEkf.5mJwi5h.ayqC1PgzQkoKdbh4AVNSZhgwKM62_kKOKVduH9auOG.tOJDgWGyxVrGjrYTAsl_9EupiInDIHGRlGs.nKZlgav_JxSxpJ9J0cQxjwHppy4y4da98oCibRclMupfDS4GBLVrDjHfFhzMhlC14BmvTkm3L0gvXCojaeLH9Axqc0ljdp9SY65XM6hdwOxug1G3Gwpg23J7jnLNA4nTh1zlk9Nxc8.qgUCSCsAdPwjvKo2A4EZUTLfPql9DZQU6k5Z_s78pHjA72MDaWwVNC8Q.6FzjGp9QwYdd0GqImTJOZKfaIVLUwKm6akGkdOrdLg_k4zp47BEXiN9MkX9ns7_zjQed27r1QJXoSXitznbvxBKxpO1zJ9LS1iR9UoyK2x4yooasFgzCnis38xV_t8rSJkFbBPfEF4BBDMmtrK5zCTm7Lzvg62KojpR_pRTA2nmkwpU.MhApXl2X0FE60rybws8Xm0QyMSKyG5ljbBhDoPOpduhd_KbXztpXJyk3MJZ18qveFN66A85BYmPKYsqLKeZHAx4RXCk6z.prTqqy3Vpidwr.fziIqx8QagpOFDxgXO_DXr7Xei2GoABYo_lE6X7seYmIHi32qSmPkhfCpyYfruP4Gc006gmoXPRZ2sc7co5i1l66v0eC2fWb81QV8NAfQv9YWeKCSj0eZMr8XSCmnEV4.rk9LcUCO8x2.fJnWcXqQnqhjvvtJ8djTURnG96TaDE4LQqyy0LOgF9kXMeNtxm0RIvlRhu24gKaFp7J4p3BrBTJACtDgTTGnsbZiuEzj58Qvmq.zj4iz_gNV8rDyIi2YjNIbLd6_Vm38QFP7QEqRIT4uGSus3EFovmykiXL4meaUcEVv_usdzXVrC93pPtFXRRAVEHUeCx9qirLX5nN71CrkjJ26rcKSOCLx3iYvapiAb4r698uMl9W3dcnzctvnIp8UcIu3yXvhjAsWl_DAgoIslI2n4KEwtUgwoHT7Bt0IILsyPZtuOfX2AtKQlnbrjpLaMuW8O7WTAV.M8uRG9Lbt2ZBrCdlyagYKEkx41hZrCw9bRAhCUryu5apvmlTs0qakwbRaXCheMa2SLbeZx544oTwIt5701sFOaeuC0zDDOXRG6Hm0cSzNaVwW1zLL8XT._kBT.p4K2HMoiCB6n1jtEwRU89VfH4MySWOFYr6ovzwD6o5qR9dAZhYVLXSc4qeJlpqal0eIscfRcZWdqPAYzaMTKGUM.ZRfL_bCBwN9PdYWS6J2ByIschhLONDuMJUBMPIxCXiw"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=92740898bfdf52ea';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/doi\/10.1145\/3064176.3064187?__cf_chl_rt_tk=p9HIwMyo9AHT8xQ0XpnzWZb86XVGol3to6qPpNY2fng-1743132466-1.0.1.1-vOJhuhg1D23E2WaBvMu2nXsJKKaTy8ItsEQb8kbqXVA" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>