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<div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Divided Franconia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Divided_Franconia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Divided Franconia subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Divided_Franconia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rhenish_Franconia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rhenish_Franconia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Rhenish Franconia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rhenish_Franconia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Successor_States_of_Western_Franconia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Successor_States_of_Western_Franconia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Successor States of Western Franconia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Successor_States_of_Western_Franconia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eastern_Franconia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eastern_Franconia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Eastern Franconia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eastern_Franconia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Successor_States_of_Eastern_Franconia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Successor_States_of_Eastern_Franconia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Successor States of Eastern Franconia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Successor_States_of_Eastern_Franconia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_Franconia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_Franconia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Modern Franconia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_Franconia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Franconia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 55 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-55" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">55 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franke_(streek)" title="Franke (streek) – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Franke (streek)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franken_(Region)" title="Franken (Region) – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Franken (Region)" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="فرنكونيا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فرنكونيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franconia" title="Franconia – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Franconia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Франконія – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Франконія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Франкония – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Франкония" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankn" title="Frankn – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Frankn" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franken" title="Franken – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Franken" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franc%C3%B2nia" title="Francònia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Francònia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Франкони – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Франкони" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franky" title="Franky – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Franky" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franken" title="Franken – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Franken" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franken_(Region)" title="Franken (Region) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Franken (Region)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frangimaa" title="Frangimaa – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Frangimaa" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Φραγκονία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φραγκονία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franconia" title="Franconia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Franconia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankonio" title="Frankonio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Frankonio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankonia" title="Frankonia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Frankonia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C" title="فرانکونی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فرانکونی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franconie" title="Franconie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Franconie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franken_(gebiet)" title="Franken (gebiet) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Franken (gebiet)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franconia" title="Franconia – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Franconia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9E%91%EC%BC%84" title="프랑켄 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프랑켄" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankowska" title="Frankowska – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Frankowska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankonija" title="Frankonija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Frankonija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franken" title="Franken – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Franken" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franconia_(regione)" title="Franconia (regione) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Franconia (regione)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94" title="פרנקוניה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרנקוניה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ფრანკონია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფრანკონია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franconia" title="Franconia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Franconia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankija" title="Frankija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Frankija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankonija" title="Frankonija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Frankonija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankf%C3%B6ld" title="Frankföld – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Frankföld" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Франконија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Франконија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franken" title="Franken – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Franken" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franken_(gebied)" title="Franken (gebied) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Franken (gebied)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B1%E3%83%B3%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" title="フランケン地方 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フランケン地方" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franken" title="Franken – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Franken" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franken" title="Franken – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Franken" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankonia" title="Frankonia – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Frankonia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franc%C3%B4nia" title="Francônia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Francônia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franconia" title="Franconia – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Franconia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Франкония – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Франкония" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franken_(regjion)" title="Franken (regjion) – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Franken (regjion)" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franconia" title="Franconia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Franconia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankovska" title="Frankovska – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Frankovska" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Франконија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Франконија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankonija" title="Frankonija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Frankonija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franken" title="Franken – Finnish" 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href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Tomj" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/Tomj">contribs</a>)</span></span> at <span id="mw-revision-date">21:49, 15 July 2009</span><span id="mw-revision-summary"> <span class="comment">(removed "citation style" template: old and irrelevant)</span></span>. The present address (URL) is a <a href="/wiki/Help:Permanent_link" title="Help:Permanent link">permanent link</a> to this revision, which may differ significantly from the <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franconia">current revision</a></span>.</b></p><div id="revision-info-plain" style="display: none;">Revision as of 21:49, 15 July 2009 by <a href="/wiki/User:Tomj" class="mw-userlink" title="User:Tomj" data-mw-revid="302299371"><bdi>Tomj</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Tomj" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:Tomj">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Tomj" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/Tomj">contribs</a>)</span> <span class="comment">(removed "citation style" template: old and irrelevant)</span></div></div><div id="mw-revision-nav">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Franconia&diff=prev&oldid=302299371" title="Franconia">diff</a>) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Franconia&direction=prev&oldid=302299371" title="Franconia">← Previous revision</a> | <a href="/wiki/Franconia" title="Franconia">Latest revision</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Franconia&diff=cur&oldid=302299371" title="Franconia">diff</a>) | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Franconia&direction=next&oldid=302299371" title="Franconia">Newer revision →</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Franconia&diff=next&oldid=302299371" title="Franconia">diff</a>)</div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Franconia_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Franconia (disambiguation)">Franconia (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frankenrechen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Frankenrechen.svg/220px-Frankenrechen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Frankenrechen.svg/330px-Frankenrechen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Frankenrechen.svg/440px-Frankenrechen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>The Franconian coat of arms</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Franconia</b> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Lang-de&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Lang-de (page does not exist)">Template:Lang-de</a>) is a region of <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> comprising the northern parts of the modern state of <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a>, a part of southern <a href="/wiki/Thuringia" title="Thuringia">Thuringia</a>, and a much smaller region in northeastern <a href="/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg">Baden-Württemberg</a> called <a href="/wiki/Heilbronn-Franken" class="mw-redirect" title="Heilbronn-Franken">Heilbronn-Franken</a>. The Bavarian part is made up of the administrative regions of <a href="/wiki/Lower_Franconia" title="Lower Franconia">Lower Franconia</a> (<i>Unterfranken</i>), <a href="/wiki/Middle_Franconia" title="Middle Franconia">Middle Franconia</a> (<i>Mittelfranken</i>), and <a href="/wiki/Upper_Franconia" title="Upper Franconia">Upper Franconia</a> (<i>Oberfranken</i>). </p><p>Franconia (just like <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>) is named after the <a href="/wiki/Germanic" class="mw-disambig" title="Germanic">Germanic</a> tribe of the <a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Franks</a>. This tribe played a major role after the breakdown of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> and colonised large parts of <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">medieval</a> <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>. </p><p>Modern day Franconia comprises only a very tiny and rather remote part of the settlement area of the ancient <a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Franks</a>. In German, <i>Franken</i> is used for both modern day Franconians and the historic <a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Franks</a>, which leads to some confusion. The historic Frankish Empire, <a href="/wiki/Francia" title="Francia">Francia</a>, is actually the common precursor of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> and <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>. In 843 the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Verdun" title="Treaty of Verdun">Treaty of Verdun</a> led to the partition of Francia into West Francia (modern day France) and <a href="/wiki/East_Francia" title="East Francia">East Francia</a> (modern day Germany). <i>Frankreich</i>, the German word for "France", literally means "the <a href="/wiki/Frankish_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankish Empire">Frankish Empire</a>". </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Stem_Duchy_of_Franconia">Stem Duchy of Franconia</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HRR_10Jh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/HRR_10Jh.jpg/220px-HRR_10Jh.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/HRR_10Jh.jpg/330px-HRR_10Jh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/HRR_10Jh.jpg/440px-HRR_10Jh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1492" data-file-height="1777" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> at the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Salic_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Salic dynasty">Salic dynasty</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/East_Francia" title="East Francia">East Francia</a> was made up of four <a href="/wiki/Stem_duchy" title="Stem duchy">stem duchies</a>, one of them was the Duchy of Franconia. The historic duchy of Franconia extended further west to <a href="/wiki/Speyer" title="Speyer">Speyer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Worms,_Germany" title="Worms, Germany">Worms</a> (west of the <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a>) than modern day Franconia and even included <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a> (ford of the Franks). Sometime around 906, <a href="/wiki/Conrad_I_of_Germany" title="Conrad I of Germany">Conrad</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Conradine_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Conradine dynasty">Conradine dynasty</a> succeeded in establishing his ducal hegemony over Franconia. At the failure of the direct Carolingian male line in 911, Conrad was acclaimed <a href="/wiki/List_of_German_Kings_and_Emperors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of German Kings and Emperors">King of the Germans</a>, largely because of his weak position in his own duchy. Franconia, like <a href="/wiki/Alamannia" title="Alamannia">Alamannia</a>, was not as united as <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Saxony" title="Duchy of Saxony">Saxony</a> or <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Bavaria" title="Duchy of Bavaria">Bavaria</a> and the position of duke was often disputed between the chief families. </p><p>Conrad had granted Franconia to his brother <a href="/wiki/Eberhard_of_Franconia" title="Eberhard of Franconia">Eberhard</a> on his succession; but when Eberhard rebelled against <a href="/wiki/Otto_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto I</a> in 938, he was deposed from his duchy, and, rather than appoint a new duke from his own circle, Otto divided the threatening power of the duchy among the great ecclesiastics with and through whom he ruled, who had remained faithful to his cause: the <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_W%C3%BCrzburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop of Würzburg">Bishop of Würzburg</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Abbot_of_Fulda" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbot of Fulda">Abbot of Fulda</a> (939). They were later joined (1008) by a new bishopric erected on former ducal territory: <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Bamberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Bamberg">Bamberg</a>. </p><p>Thenceforth the great abbeys and episcopal seats that <a href="/wiki/Saint_Boniface" title="Saint Boniface">Saint Boniface</a> and his successors had established in southwestern Germany had a monopoly on temporal office in Franconia, on a par with the counts of lands further west. They had another virtue in the Ottonian scheme: as celibates they were less likely to establish hereditary lineages. By contrast, Otto's son-in-law, <a href="/wiki/Conrad_the_Red" class="mw-redirect" title="Conrad the Red">Conrad the Red</a>, whom he had installed as <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Lorraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Lorraine">Duke of Lorraine</a> in 944, extended his power base in Franconia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Divided_Franconia">Divided Franconia</h2></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/High_Middle_Ages" title="High Middle Ages">High Middle Ages</a>, Franconia came to be divided into two distinct regions, though these regions were not coherent territories with distinct governments. Rather, they were culturally different regions which came to be dominated by different political and religious forces and thus came under the <i>de facto</i> "rule" of different bodies. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rhenish_Franconia">Rhenish Franconia</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Rhenish_Franconia" title="Rhenish Franconia">Rhenish Franconia</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Rhenish_Franconia" title="Rhenish Franconia">Rhenish Franconia</a> (<i>Rheinfranken</i>) was the western half of Franconia, immediately east of the Rhine. It was the heartland of the <a href="/wiki/Salian_dynasty" title="Salian dynasty">Salian dynasty</a>, which provided four emperors in the 11th and 12th centuries: <a href="/wiki/Conrad_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor">Conrad II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry III</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry IV</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Henry_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry V</a>. Rhenish Franconia contained the ancient cities of <a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Speyer" title="Speyer">Speyer</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Worms,_Germany" title="Worms, Germany">Worms</a>, the latter two being countships within the hands of the descendants of <a href="/wiki/Conrad_the_Red" class="mw-redirect" title="Conrad the Red">Conrad the Red</a> (the Salians). These counts were sometimes referred to informally, on account of the great power in the region, as dukes of Franconia. </p><p>Rhenish Franconia was actually governed, however, as a constellation of small states, like the <a href="/wiki/Free_cities" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Free cities">free cities</a> (<a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt am Main">Frankfurt</a> and Worms), the bishoprics (Mainz, Speyer, and Worms), and the <a href="/wiki/Landgraviate_of_Hesse" title="Landgraviate of Hesse">Landgraviate of Hesse</a>. Alongside these powerful entities there were many smaller, petty states. In 1093, the Salian Franconian territories were granted as a <a href="/wiki/Fief" title="Fief">fief</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Count_Palatine" class="mw-redirect" title="Count Palatine">Count Palatine</a> of <a href="/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen">Aachen</a>, a territory that would evolve into the important German principality of the <a href="/wiki/Electoral_Palatinate" title="Electoral Palatinate">Rhenish Palatinate</a>. In this way, Rhenish Franconia was divided and extinguished. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Successor_States_of_Western_Franconia">Successor States of Western Franconia</h4></div> <p>The following are the most important of the states that had formed on the territory of Western (or Rhenish) Franconia by the 13th century: </p> <table> <tbody><tr> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archbishopric_of_Mainz" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbishopric of Mainz">Archbishopric of Mainz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishopric_of_Speyer" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishopric of Speyer">Bishopric of Speyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbacy_of_Hersfeld" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbacy of Hersfeld">Abbacy of Hersfeld</a></li> <li>Margraviate of <a href="/wiki/Baden" title="Baden">Baden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Palatine_of_the_Rhine" class="mw-redirect" title="County Palatine of the Rhine">County Palatine of the Rhine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Calw" class="mw-redirect" title="County of Calw">County of Calw</a></li> <li>County of <a href="/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse">Hesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Katzenelnbogen" title="County of Katzenelnbogen">County of Katzenelnbogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Leiningen" title="County of Leiningen">County of Leiningen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Nassau" title="County of Nassau">County of Nassau</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Nidda" title="County of Nidda">County of Nidda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rau_and_Rhine_County&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rau and Rhine County (page does not exist)">Rau and Rhine County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Solms" class="mw-redirect" title="County of Solms">County of Solms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Sponheim" title="County of Sponheim">County of Sponheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Waldeck" class="mw-redirect" title="County of Waldeck">County of Waldeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Weissenburg" class="mw-redirect" title="County of Weissenburg">County of Weissenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Wied" title="County of Wied">County of Wied</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Wild County">Wild County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Wittgenstein" class="mw-redirect" title="County of Wittgenstein">County of Wittgenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Ziegenhain" class="mw-redirect" title="County of Ziegenhain">County of Ziegenhain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Zweibr%C3%BCcken" title="County of Zweibrücken">County of Zweibrücken</a></li></ul> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eastern_Franconia">Eastern Franconia</h3></div> <p>In 1115, Henry V awarded the territory of Eastern Franconia (<i>Ostfranken</i>) to his nephew <a href="/wiki/Conrad_III_of_Germany" title="Conrad III of Germany">Conrad of Hohenstaufen</a>, who used the title "Duke of Franconia." Franconia remained a Hohenstaufen power base until 1168, when the Bishop of <a href="/wiki/Bishopric_of_W%C3%BCrzburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishopric of Würzburg">Würzburg</a> was formally ceded the ducal rights in Eastern Franconia. The name "Franconia" fell out of usage, but in 1500 the <a href="/wiki/Franconian_Circle" title="Franconian Circle">Franconian Circle</a> was created. Also the bishop of Würzburg had revived it in his own favour in 1442 and held it until the reforms of <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon Bonaparte">Napoleon Bonaparte</a> abolished it. It should be noted that the Bishop of Würzburg was more properly the Duke <i>in</i> Franconia (<i>Herzog in Franken</i>) rather than the Duke <i>of</i> Franconia (<i>Herzog von Franken</i>) during this time although both titles were used. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Successor_States_of_Eastern_Franconia">Successor States of Eastern Franconia</h4></div> <p>As of the 13th century, the following states, among others, had formed in the territory of the former Duchy: </p> <table> <tbody><tr> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bishopric_of_W%C3%BCrzburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishopric of Würzburg">Bishopric of Würzburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbacy_of_Fulda" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbacy of Fulda">Abbacy of Fulda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=County_of_Abenberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="County of Abenberg (page does not exist)">County of Abenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Henneberg" class="mw-redirect" title="County of Henneberg">County of Henneberg</a></li> <li>County of <a href="/wiki/Hohenlohe" title="Hohenlohe">Hohenlohe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=County_of_Lauffen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="County of Lauffen (page does not exist)">County of Lauffen</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=County_of_L%C3%B6wenstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="County of Löwenstein (page does not exist)">County of Löwenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Rieneck" title="County of Rieneck">County of Rieneck</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=County_of_Truhendingen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="County of Truhendingen (page does not exist)">County of Truhendingen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=County_of_Vaihingen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="County of Vaihingen (page does not exist)">County of Vaihingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Wertheim" class="mw-redirect" title="County of Wertheim">County of Wertheim</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=County_of_Wiltberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="County of Wiltberg (page does not exist)">County of Wiltberg</a></li></ul> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_Franconia">Modern Franconia</h2></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Franconia_details.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Franconia_details.png/525px-Franconia_details.png" decoding="async" width="525" height="367" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Franconia_details.png/788px-Franconia_details.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Franconia_details.png/1050px-Franconia_details.png 2x" data-file-width="2360" data-file-height="1650" /></a><figcaption>Map of modern Franconia</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Weinfranken.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Weinfranken.jpg/350px-Weinfranken.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Weinfranken.jpg/525px-Weinfranken.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Weinfranken.jpg/700px-Weinfranken.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="898" /></a><figcaption>map of the Franconia (wine region)</figcaption></figure><p> Most of modern day Franconia became Bavarian in 1803 thanks to Bavaria's alliance with <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a>. Culturally it is in many ways different from Bavaria proper ("Altbayern", Old Bavaria), however. The ancient name was resurrected in 1837 by <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_I_of_Bavaria" title="Ludwig I of Bavaria">Ludwig I of Bavaria</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/Nazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi">Nazi</a> period, Bavaria was broken up into several different <a href="/wiki/Gau_(country_subdivision)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gau (country subdivision)">Gaue</a>, including Franconia and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Main-Franconia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Main-Franconia (page does not exist)">Main-Franconia</a>. </p><p>While <a href="/wiki/Old_Bavaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Bavaria">Old Bavaria</a> is overwhelmingly <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a>, Franconia is a mixed area. Lower Franconia and the western half of Upper Franconia (<a href="/wiki/Bamberg" title="Bamberg">Bamberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lichtenfels" class="mw-disambig" title="Lichtenfels">Lichtenfels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kronach" title="Kronach">Kronach</a>) is predominantly Catholic, while most of Middle and the eastern half of Upper Franconia (<a href="/wiki/Bayreuth" title="Bayreuth">Bayreuth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hof" class="mw-disambig" title="Hof">Hof</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kulmbach" title="Kulmbach">Kulmbach</a>) are predominantly <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a> (<a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_in_Germany" title="Evangelical Church in Germany">Evangelical Church in Germany</a>). The city of <a href="/wiki/F%C3%BCrth" title="Fürth">Fürth</a> in Middle Franconia historically (before 1933–1938) had a large <a href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</a> population; <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a> was born there. </p><p><a href="/wiki/East_Franconian_German" title="East Franconian German">East Franconian German</a> is very different from the <a href="/wiki/Austro-Bavarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Austro-Bavarian">Austro-Bavarian</a> language. Most Franconians do not call themselves Bavarians, but their insistence on this point is generally a lighthearted matter in modern times. In fact, Franconians will most likely take umbrage at insults directed at Bavaria. Even if there is no Franconian state, red and white are regarded as state colours (<i><a href="/wiki/Landesfarben" title="Landesfarben">Landesfarben</a></i>) of Franconia. The existence of the region of Heilbronn-Franken in <a href="/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg">Baden-Württemberg</a> is largely ignored outside this state. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Franconian_German" title="East Franconian German">East Franconian German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franconia_(wine_region)" title="Franconia (wine region)">Franconia (wine region)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bezirk-unterfranken.de/">Bezirk of Lower Franconia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.regierung.unterfranken.bayern.de">Government of Lower Franconia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bezirk-mittelfranken.de">Bezirk of Middle Franconia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.regierung.mittelfranken.bayern.de">Government of Middle Franconia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bezirk-oberfranken.de">Bezirk of Upper Franconia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.regierung.oberfranken.bayern.de">Government of Upper Franconia</a> English pages available</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.regionalverband-heilbronn-franken.de">The Baden-Württemberg region of Heilbronn-Franken</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tacitus.nu/historical-atlas/regents/germany/franconia.htm">Dukes of Franconia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Reuter" title="Timothy Reuter">Reuter, Timothy</a>. <i>Germany in the Early Middle Ages 800–1056</i>. New York: Longman, 1991. ISBN 0-582-49034-0</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Cantor" title="Norman Cantor">Cantor, Norman</a>, <i>The Civilization of the Middle Ages</i>. 1993. ISBN 0-06-017033-6</li></ul> <p><span class="metadata coord-missing"></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franconia&oldid=302299371">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franconia&oldid=302299371</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Geography_of_Bavaria" title="Category:Geography of Bavaria">Geography of Bavaria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Regions_of_Germany" title="Category:Regions of Germany">Regions of Germany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dukes_of_Franconia" title="Category:Dukes of Franconia">Dukes of Franconia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Franks" title="Category:Franks">Franks</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Germany_articles_missing_geocoordinate_data" title="Category:Germany articles missing geocoordinate data">Germany articles missing geocoordinate data</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_coordinates" title="Category:All articles needing coordinates">All articles needing coordinates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_missing_coordinates_with_coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Articles missing coordinates with coordinates on Wikidata">Articles missing coordinates with coordinates on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 15 July 2009, at 21:49<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright"><span class="nowraplinks">This version of the page has been <a href="/wiki/Help:Page_history" title="Help:Page history">revised</a>. 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