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<div id="p-tools" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tools" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Outils </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Modifications_r%C3%A9centes" title="Liste des modifications récentes sur le wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Modifications récentes</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_sp%C3%A9ciales"><span>Pages spéciales</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UploadWizard&uselang=fr"><span>Téléverser un fichier</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Utilisateur </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a 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cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Apparence</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=fr.wikiversity.org&uselang=fr" class=""><span>Faire un don</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Cr%C3%A9er_un_compte&returnto=Wikiversit%C3%A9%3AAccueil" title="Nous vous encourageons à créer un compte utilisateur et vous connecter ; ce n’est cependant pas obligatoire." class=""><span>Créer un compte</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Connexion&returnto=Wikiversit%C3%A9%3AAccueil" title="Nous vous encourageons à vous connecter ; ce n’est cependant pas obligatoire. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Se connecter</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Plus d’options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Outils personnels" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Outils personnels</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu utilisateur" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=fr.wikiversity.org&uselang=fr"><span>Faire un don</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Cr%C3%A9er_un_compte&returnto=Wikiversit%C3%A9%3AAccueil" title="Nous vous encourageons à créer un compte utilisateur et vous connecter ; ce n’est cependant pas obligatoire."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Créer un compte</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Connexion&returnto=Wikiversit%C3%A9%3AAccueil" title="Nous vous encourageons à vous connecter ; ce n’est cependant pas obligatoire. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Se connecter</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages pour les contributeurs déconnectés <a href="/wiki/Aide:Introduction" aria-label="En savoir plus sur la contribution"><span>en savoir plus</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Mes_contributions" title="Une liste des modifications effectuées depuis cette adresse IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Mes_discussions" title="La page de discussion pour les contributions depuis cette adresse IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Efermer\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"sitenotice\" lang=\"fr\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"box-shadow: 0 0 .3rem #999; border-radius: .2rem; margin-bottom: 1rem; background-color: #f8f9fa; border-top:6px solid #FFD700;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size:130%\"\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"center\"\u003E\u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Fichier:Circle-icons-compose.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Circle-icons-compose.svg/50px-Circle-icons-compose.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"50\" height=\"50\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Circle-icons-compose.svg/75px-Circle-icons-compose.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Circle-icons-compose.svg/100px-Circle-icons-compose.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"512\" data-file-height=\"512\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E Wikiversité a besoin de vous pour étoffer des ébauches à l'abandon\u0026#160;! 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Vous pouvez toutefois en visualiser la source. [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Voir le texte source</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikiversit%C3%A9:Accueil&action=history" title="Historique des versions de cette page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Page" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Page</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Outils</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Plus d’options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikiversit%C3%A9:Accueil"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-viewsource" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikiversit%C3%A9:Accueil&action=edit"><span>Voir le texte source</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikiversit%C3%A9:Accueil&action=history"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Général </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_li%C3%A9es/Wikiversit%C3%A9:Accueil" title="Liste des pages liées qui pointent sur celle-ci [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Suivi_des_liens/Wikiversit%C3%A9:Accueil" rel="nofollow" title="Liste des modifications récentes des pages appelées par celle-ci [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Suivi des pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=fr" title="Téléverser des fichiers [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Téléverser un fichier</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_sp%C3%A9ciales" title="Liste de toutes les pages spéciales [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pages spéciales</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikiversit%C3%A9:Accueil&oldid=885056" title="Adresse permanente de cette version de cette page"><span>Lien permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikiversit%C3%A9:Accueil&action=info" title="Davantage d’informations sur cette page"><span>Informations sur la page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikiversity.org%2Fwiki%2FWikiversit%25C3%25A9%3AAccueil"><span>Obtenir l'URL raccourcie</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikiversity.org%2Fwiki%2FWikiversit%25C3%25A9%3AAccueil"><span>Télécharger le code QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimer / exporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Livre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Wikiversit%C3%A9%3AAccueil"><span>Créer un livre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Wikiversit%C3%A9%3AAccueil&action=show-download-screen"><span>Télécharger comme PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikiversit%C3%A9:Accueil&printable=yes" title="Version imprimable de cette page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Version imprimable</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dans d’autres projets </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-foundation mw-list-item"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Home" hreflang="en"><span>Fondation Wikimédia</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-mediawiki mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/MediaWiki" hreflang="en"><span>MediaWiki</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-meta mw-list-item"><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" hreflang="en"><span>Méta-Wiki</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-outreach mw-list-item"><a href="https://outreach.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" hreflang="en"><span>Sensibilisation Wikimédia</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-sources mw-list-item"><a href="https://wikisource.org/wiki/Main_Page" hreflang="en"><span>Wikisource multilingue</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" hreflang="en"><span>Wikispecies</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibooks mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikibooks.org/wiki/Accueil" hreflang="fr"><span>Wikilivres</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikidata mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Main_Page" hreflang="en"><span>Wikidata</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikifunctions mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikifunctions.org/wiki/Wikifunctions:Main_Page" hreflang="en"><span>Wikifunctions</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikimania badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://wikimania.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimania" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimania</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikinews mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikinews.org/wiki/Accueil" hreflang="fr"><span>Wikinews</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikipedia mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Accueil_principal" hreflang="fr"><span>Wikipédia</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikiquote.org/wiki/Wikiquote:Accueil" hreflang="fr"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikisource mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Wikisource:Accueil" hreflang="fr"><span>Wikisource</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Accueil" hreflang="fr"><span>Wikivoyage</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wiktionary mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionnaire:Page_d%E2%80%99accueil" hreflang="fr"><span>Wiktionnaire</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5296" title="Lien vers l’élément dans le dépôt de données connecté [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Élément Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apparence"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apparence</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">masquer</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Une page de Wikiversité, la communauté pédagogique libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><p><br/> </p> <div style="opacity: .9;"><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Montage d'images représentatives de l'apprentissage" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Wikiversity-banner_cropped.png/550px-Wikiversity-banner_cropped.png" decoding="async" width="550" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Wikiversity-banner_cropped.png 1.5x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="143"/></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <p><span style="font-size: 390%; color: #282828; font-family:Linux Libertine,Hoefler Text,Times New Roman,serif; font-variant: small-caps;"><span style="color:#444444"><b>Wiki</b></span><span style="color:#999999"><b>versité</b></span></span><br/><span style="font-size:123%; color:#484848;letter-spacing:0.13em;">La communauté pédagogique libre</span> </p> <div style="clear: both;"></div> <h2 id="Découvrez_sur_Wikiversité…" id="mf-decouverte" style="position: relative; z-index: 1; margin: 6px 8px 0; padding: 5px 0; padding-left: 48px; overflow: visible; border: 0; font-size: 1.3em; font-weight: bold; line-height:" data-mw-thread-id="h-mf-decouverte"><span id="D.C3.A9couvrez_sur_Wikiversit.C3.A9.E2.80.A6"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-mf-decouverte"></span> <span style="position: absolute; left: -2px; top: 3px; z-index: -1;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Blue-bg_rounded.svg/350px-Blue-bg_rounded.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Blue-bg_rounded.svg/525px-Blue-bg_rounded.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Blue-bg_rounded.svg/700px-Blue-bg_rounded.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="25"/></span></span></span> <span style="position: absolute; left: 4px; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/HSIdea.svg/38px-HSIdea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/HSIdea.svg/57px-HSIdea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/HSIdea.svg/76px-HSIdea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="156" data-file-height="156"/></span></span></span> <span style="color:#0645AD">Découvrez sur Wikiversité…</span> <span data-mw-comment-end="h-mf-decouverte"></span></h2> <div id="mf-decouverte" style="margin-top: -2.8em; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: .8em 1em; border: 1px solid #C2DFFF; border-radius: 10px;"> <div style="height: 2.8em;"></div> <div style="padding: 2px 0; float: right; font-size: .85em;"> <a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9:Biologie" title="Faculté:Biologie">Faculté de Biologie</a> • <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9partement:Biophysique" title="Département:Biophysique">Biophysique</a> </div> <p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Complet"><img alt="Page très complète et pleinement exploitable" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9"/></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Donn%C3%A9es_de_physique_utilis%C3%A9es_en_biologie" title="Données de physique utilisées en biologie">Données de physique utilisées en biologie</a> </p> <p class="lettreOrnee" style="margin-bottom: .8em;"> Discipline complexe, la biologie est au carrefour de grandes sciences comme la physique, la chimie, les mathématiques… Ses multiples aspects nécessitent des connaissances pluridisciplinaires. Cette leçon reprend les éléments de physique qui peuvent être utiles aux biologistes. </p> </div> <table style="margin-top: .9em;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"> <h2 id="Qu'est-ce_que_Wikiversité_?" id="mf-presentation" style="position: relative; z-index: 1; margin: 6px 8px 0; padding: 5px 0; padding-left: 48px; overflow: visible; border: 0; font-size: 1.3em; font-weight: bold; line-height:" data-mw-thread-id="h-mf-presentation"><span id="Qu.27est-ce_que_Wikiversit.C3.A9_.3F"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-mf-presentation"></span> <span style="position: absolute; left: -2px; top: 3px; z-index: -1;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Blue-bg_rounded.svg/350px-Blue-bg_rounded.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Blue-bg_rounded.svg/525px-Blue-bg_rounded.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Blue-bg_rounded.svg/700px-Blue-bg_rounded.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="25"/></span></span></span> <span style="position: absolute; left: 4px; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/HSWVersity.svg/38px-HSWVersity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/HSWVersity.svg/57px-HSWVersity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/HSWVersity.svg/76px-HSWVersity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"/></span></span></span> <span style="color:#0645AD">Qu'est-ce que Wikiversité ?</span> <span data-mw-comment-end="h-mf-presentation"></span></h2> <div id="mf-presentation" style="margin-top: -2.8em; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: .8em 1em; border: 1px solid #C2DFFF; border-radius: 10px;"> <div style="height: 2.8em;"></div> <p>Wikiversité est une communauté scolaire et universitaire en ligne, ouverte à tou·te·s, hébergée par la Wikimedia Foundation. </p><p>Se voulant aussi active et riche qu'une université physique, elle cherche à fusionner trois concepts : </p> <ul><li>une bibliothèque de ressources éducatives librement améliorables (directement sur le site) et redistribuables ;</li> <li>une communauté de soutien pédagogique et d'aide aux devoirs ;</li> <li>un laboratoire virtuel de recherche.</li></ul> <p>Comme tous les projets hébergés par la Wikimedia Foundation, Wikiversité est soumise à des <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Terms_of_Use/fr" class="extiw" title="wmf:Terms of Use/fr">conditions d'utilisation</a>, un <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/fr" class="extiw" title="wmf:Policy:Universal Code of Conduct/fr">code de conduite universel</a> et un ensemble de <a href="/wiki/Wikiversit%C3%A9:Liste_des_r%C3%A8gles_et_recommandations" title="Wikiversité:Liste des règles et recommandations">règles et conventions</a> adoptées au fil des besoins par la communauté d'utilisateurs/rices. </p><p>Wikiversité est gratuite, sans publicité et ne recourt pas à l'exploitation des données personnelles de ses utilisateurs/rices. </p><p>La <a href="/wiki/Wikiversit%C3%A9:Organisation_des_enseignements" title="Wikiversité:Organisation des enseignements">structure de Wikiversité</a> reprend celle que l'on trouve dans une université classique, c'est-à-dire un découpage thématique en facultés puis en départements. Chacun des départements offre différentes leçons, ces dernières étant découpées en chapitres et liées à leurs différents éléments (exercices, annexes…). </p><p><b>Vous souhaitez contribuer ?</b> </p><p>Toute aide est la bienvenue. <a href="/wiki/Wikiversit%C3%A9:N%27h%C3%A9sitez_pas_!" title="Wikiversité:N'hésitez pas !">N'hésitez pas !</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aide:Accueil" title="Aide:Accueil">Portail d'aide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Utilisateurs_pr%C3%AAts_%C3%A0_aider" title="Catégorie:Utilisateurs prêts à aider">Liste des bénévoles prêt·e·s à aider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aide:Que_faire_sur_Wikiversit%C3%A9_%3F" title="Aide:Que faire sur Wikiversité ?">Tâches à effectuer</a></li></ul> </div> <h2 id="Échanger_avec_la_communauté" id="mf-communication" style="position: relative; z-index: 1; margin: 6px 8px 0; padding: 5px 0; padding-left: 48px; overflow: visible; border: 0; font-size: 1.3em; font-weight: bold; line-height:" data-mw-thread-id="h-mf-communication"><span id=".C3.89changer_avec_la_communaut.C3.A9"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-mf-communication"></span> <span style="position: absolute; left: -2px; top: 3px; z-index: -1;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Blue-bg_rounded.svg/350px-Blue-bg_rounded.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Blue-bg_rounded.svg/525px-Blue-bg_rounded.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Blue-bg_rounded.svg/700px-Blue-bg_rounded.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="25"/></span></span></span> <span style="position: absolute; left: 4px; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/HSSamarbete.svg/38px-HSSamarbete.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/HSSamarbete.svg/57px-HSSamarbete.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/HSSamarbete.svg/76px-HSSamarbete.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="156" data-file-height="156"/></span></span></span> <span style="color:#0645AD">Échanger avec la communauté</span> <span data-mw-comment-end="h-mf-communication"></span></h2> <div id="mf-communication" style="margin-top: -2.8em; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: .8em 1em; border: 1px solid #C2DFFF; border-radius: 10px;"> <div style="height: 2.8em;"></div> <table style="display: table; margin: auto; width: 100%; max-width: 350px; text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align: center;"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Demander_de_l%27aide_sur_une_le%C3%A7on" title="Aide:Demander de l'aide sur une leçon"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Nuvola_apps_edu_miscellaneous.gif/36px-Nuvola_apps_edu_miscellaneous.gif" decoding="async" width="36" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Nuvola_apps_edu_miscellaneous.gif/54px-Nuvola_apps_edu_miscellaneous.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Nuvola_apps_edu_miscellaneous.gif/72px-Nuvola_apps_edu_miscellaneous.gif 2x" data-file-width="273" data-file-height="234"/></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Aide:Demander_de_l%27aide_sur_une_le%C3%A7on" title="Aide:Demander de l'aide sur une leçon">Soutien pédagogique</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: center; border-top: 1px dotted #CCC;"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikiversit%C3%A9:Communaut%C3%A9" title="Wikiversité:Communauté"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Gnome-home.svg/36px-Gnome-home.svg.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Gnome-home.svg/54px-Gnome-home.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Gnome-home.svg/72px-Gnome-home.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60"/></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikiversit%C3%A9:Accueil_de_la_communaut%C3%A9" title="Wikiversité:Accueil de la communauté">Espace communautaire</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: center; border-top: 1px solid #CCC;"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikiversit%C3%A9:Requ%C3%AAtes_aux_contributeurs" title="Wikiversité:Requêtes aux contributeurs"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Nuvola_apps_package_editors.svg/30px-Nuvola_apps_package_editors.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Nuvola_apps_package_editors.svg/45px-Nuvola_apps_package_editors.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Nuvola_apps_package_editors.svg/60px-Nuvola_apps_package_editors.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="481" data-file-height="377"/></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikiversit%C3%A9:Requ%C3%AAtes_aux_contributeurs" title="Wikiversité:Requêtes aux contributeurs">Requêtes aux contributeurs</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: center; border-top: 1px dotted #CCC;"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikiversit%C3%A9:Requ%C3%AAtes_aux_administrateurs" title="Wikiversité:Requêtes aux administrateurs"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Broom_icon.svg/30px-Broom_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Broom_icon.svg/45px-Broom_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Broom_icon.svg/60px-Broom_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400"/></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikiversit%C3%A9:Requ%C3%AAtes_aux_administrateurs" title="Wikiversité:Requêtes aux administrateurs">Requêtes aux administrateurs</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: center; border-top: 1px solid #CCC;"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikiversit%C3%A9:Ambassade" title="Wikiversité:Ambassade"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Nuvola_web_question.svg/30px-Nuvola_web_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Nuvola_web_question.svg/45px-Nuvola_web_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Nuvola_web_question.svg/60px-Nuvola_web_question.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60"/></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikiversit%C3%A9:Ambassade" title="Wikiversité:Ambassade">Embassy main page</a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </td> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"> <h2 id="Facultés" id="mf-facultes" style="position: relative; z-index: 1; margin: 6px 8px 0; padding: 5px 0; padding-left: 48px; overflow: visible; border: 0; font-size: 1.3em; font-weight: bold; line-height:" data-mw-thread-id="h-mf-facultes"><span id="Facult.C3.A9s"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-mf-facultes"></span> <span style="position: absolute; left: -2px; top: 3px; z-index: -1;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Blue-bg_rounded.svg/350px-Blue-bg_rounded.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Blue-bg_rounded.svg/525px-Blue-bg_rounded.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Blue-bg_rounded.svg/700px-Blue-bg_rounded.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="25"/></span></span></span> <span style="position: absolute; left: 4px; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/HSstudent.svg/38px-HSstudent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/HSstudent.svg/57px-HSstudent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/HSstudent.svg/76px-HSstudent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160"/></span></span></span> <span style="color:#0645AD">Facultés</span> <span data-mw-comment-end="h-mf-facultes"></span></h2> <div id="mf-facultes" style="margin-top: -2.8em; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: .8em 1em; border: 1px solid #C2DFFF; border-radius: 10px;"> <div style="height: 2.8em;"></div> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="width: 100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Langues" title="Catégorie:Langues"><img alt="Catégorie:Langues" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Nuvola_apps_edu_languages.svg/55px-Nuvola_apps_edu_languages.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Nuvola_apps_edu_languages.svg/83px-Nuvola_apps_edu_languages.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Nuvola_apps_edu_languages.svg/110px-Nuvola_apps_edu_languages.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128"/></a></span> </td> <td> <dl><dt>Langues</dt></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9:Langues" title="Faculté:Langues">Langues</a> • <a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9:Fran%C3%A7ais" title="Faculté:Français">Français</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Sciences_humaines_et_sociales" title="Catégorie:Sciences humaines et sociales"><img alt="Catégorie:Sciences humaines et sociales" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Crystal_Clear_app_Community_Help.png/55px-Crystal_Clear_app_Community_Help.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Crystal_Clear_app_Community_Help.png/83px-Crystal_Clear_app_Community_Help.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Crystal_Clear_app_Community_Help.png/110px-Crystal_Clear_app_Community_Help.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128"/></a></span> </td> <td style="border-top: 2px dotted #DDDDF7;"> <dl><dt>Sciences humaines et sociales</dt></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9:Droit" title="Faculté:Droit">Droit</a> • <a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9:%C3%89conomie" title="Faculté:Économie">Économie</a> • <a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9:G%C3%A9ographie" title="Faculté:Géographie">Géographie</a> • <a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9:Gestion" title="Faculté:Gestion">Gestion</a> • <a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9:Histoire" title="Faculté:Histoire">Histoire</a> • <a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9:P%C3%A9dagogie" title="Faculté:Pédagogie">Pédagogie</a> • <a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9:Philosophie" title="Faculté:Philosophie">Philosophie</a> • <a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9:Politique" title="Faculté:Politique">Politique</a> • <a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9:Socio-anthropologie" title="Faculté:Socio-anthropologie">Socio-anthropologie</a> • <a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9:Th%C3%A9ologie" title="Faculté:Théologie">Théologie</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Sciences_exactes_et_naturelles" title="Catégorie:Sciences exactes et naturelles"><img alt="Catégorie:Sciences exactes et naturelles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Science-symbol-2.svg/55px-Science-symbol-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Science-symbol-2.svg/83px-Science-symbol-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Science-symbol-2.svg/110px-Science-symbol-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="87" data-file-height="87"/></a></span> </td> <td style="border-top: 2px dotted #DDDDF7;"> <dl><dt>Sciences exactes et naturelles</dt></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9:Astronomie" title="Faculté:Astronomie">Astronomie</a> • <a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9:Chimie" title="Faculté:Chimie">Chimie</a> • <a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9:Environnement" title="Faculté:Environnement">Environnement</a> • <a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9:G%C3%A9ologie" title="Faculté:Géologie">Géologie</a> • <a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9:Math%C3%A9matiques" title="Faculté:Mathématiques">Mathématiques</a> • <a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9:Physique" title="Faculté:Physique">Physique</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Sciences_de_la_vie_et_de_la_sant%C3%A9" title="Catégorie:Sciences de la vie et de la santé"><img alt="Catégorie:Sciences de la vie et de la santé" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Caduceus_color.svg/55px-Caduceus_color.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Caduceus_color.svg/83px-Caduceus_color.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Caduceus_color.svg/110px-Caduceus_color.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="1200"/></a></span> </td> <td style="border-top: 2px dotted #DDDDF7;"> <dl><dt>Sciences de la vie et de la santé</dt></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9:Biologie" title="Faculté:Biologie">Biologie</a> • <a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9:M%C3%A9decine" title="Faculté:Médecine">Médecine</a> • <a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9:Psychologie" title="Faculté:Psychologie">Psychologie</a> • <a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9:Sciences_cognitives" title="Faculté:Sciences cognitives">Sciences cognitives</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Technologie_et_sciences_appliqu%C3%A9es" title="Catégorie:Technologie et sciences appliquées"><img alt="Catégorie:Technologie et sciences appliquées" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Nuvola_apps_konqueror.png/55px-Nuvola_apps_konqueror.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Nuvola_apps_konqueror.png/83px-Nuvola_apps_konqueror.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Nuvola_apps_konqueror.png/110px-Nuvola_apps_konqueror.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128"/></a></span> </td> <td style="border-top: 2px dotted #DDDDF7;"> <dl><dt>Technologie et sciences appliquées</dt></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9:Informatique" title="Faculté:Informatique">Informatique</a> • <a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9:Sciences_de_l%27ing%C3%A9nieur" title="Faculté:Sciences de l'ingénieur">Sciences de l'ingénieur</a> • <a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9:Transport" title="Faculté:Transport">Transport</a> • <a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9:Urbanisme" title="Faculté:Urbanisme">Urbanisme</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:%C3%89tudes_artistiques" title="Catégorie:Études artistiques"><img alt="Catégorie:Études artistiques" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Musical_note_nicu_bucule_01.svg/55px-Musical_note_nicu_bucule_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Musical_note_nicu_bucule_01.svg/83px-Musical_note_nicu_bucule_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Musical_note_nicu_bucule_01.svg/110px-Musical_note_nicu_bucule_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100"/></a></span> </td> <td style="border-top: 2px dotted #DDDDF7;"> <dl><dt>Études artistiques</dt></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9:Arts_plastiques" title="Faculté:Arts plastiques">Arts plastiques</a> • <a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9:Infographie" title="Faculté:Infographie">Infographie</a> • <a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9:Litt%C3%A9rature" title="Faculté:Littérature">Littérature</a> • <a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9:Musique" title="Faculté:Musique">Musique</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Sports_et_loisirs" title="Catégorie:Sports et loisirs"><img alt="Catégorie:Sports et loisirs" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Applications-games.svg/55px-Applications-games.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Applications-games.svg/83px-Applications-games.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Applications-games.svg/110px-Applications-games.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48"/></a></span> </td> <td style="border-top: 2px dotted #DDDDF7;"> <dl><dt>Sports et loisirs</dt></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9:Jeux" title="Faculté:Jeux">Jeux</a> • <a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9:Sports" title="Faculté:Sports">Sports</a> • <a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9:Tourisme" title="Faculté:Tourisme">Tourisme</a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;"><a href="/wiki/Wikiversit%C3%A9:Classement_par_niveau" title="Wikiversité:Classement par niveau">Leçons par niveau</a> • <a href="/wiki/Scolarit%C3%A9_francophone" title="Scolarité francophone">Leçons par scolarité</a></div> </div> <h2 id="Laboratoires_de_recherche" id="mf-recherche" style="position: relative; z-index: 1; margin: 6px 8px 0; padding: 5px 0; padding-left: 48px; overflow: visible; border: 0; font-size: 1.3em; font-weight: bold; line-height:" data-mw-thread-id="h-mf-recherche"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-mf-recherche"></span> <span style="position: absolute; left: -2px; top: 3px; z-index: -1;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Blue-bg_rounded.svg/350px-Blue-bg_rounded.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Blue-bg_rounded.svg/525px-Blue-bg_rounded.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Blue-bg_rounded.svg/700px-Blue-bg_rounded.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="25"/></span></span></span> <span style="position: absolute; left: 4px; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/HSBook.svg/38px-HSBook.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/HSBook.svg/57px-HSBook.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/HSBook.svg/76px-HSBook.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="156" data-file-height="156"/></span></span></span> <span style="color:#0645AD">Laboratoires de recherche</span> <span data-mw-comment-end="h-mf-recherche"></span></h2> <div id="mf-recherche" style="margin-top: -2.8em; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: .8em 1em; border: 1px solid #C2DFFF; border-radius: 10px;"> <div style="height: 2.8em;"></div> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="width: 100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Recherche:Accueil" title="Recherche:Accueil"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Wikimedia-research-fr.png/65px-Wikimedia-research-fr.png" decoding="async" width="65" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Wikimedia-research-fr.png/98px-Wikimedia-research-fr.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Wikimedia-research-fr.png/130px-Wikimedia-research-fr.png 2x" data-file-width="719" data-file-height="691"/></a></span> </td> <td> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="width: 100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Langues" title="Catégorie:Langues"><img alt="Catégorie:Langues" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Nuvola_apps_edu_languages.svg/25px-Nuvola_apps_edu_languages.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Nuvola_apps_edu_languages.svg/38px-Nuvola_apps_edu_languages.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Nuvola_apps_edu_languages.svg/50px-Nuvola_apps_edu_languages.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128"/></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9:Fran%C3%A7ais/Travaux_de_recherche" title="Faculté:Français/Travaux de recherche">Français</a> • <a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9:Langues/Travaux_de_recherche" title="Faculté:Langues/Travaux de recherche">Langues</a> • <a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9:Langues_construites/Travaux_de_recherche" title="Faculté:Langues construites/Travaux de recherche">Langues construites</a> • <a href="/wiki/Recherche:D%C3%A9partement:Linguistique" title="Recherche:Département:Linguistique">Linguistique</a> • <a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9:Litt%C3%A9rature/Travaux_de_recherche" title="Faculté:Littérature/Travaux de recherche">Littérature</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Sciences_humaines_et_sociales" title="Catégorie:Sciences humaines et sociales"><img alt="Catégorie:Sciences humaines et sociales" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Crystal_Clear_app_Community_Help.png/25px-Crystal_Clear_app_Community_Help.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Crystal_Clear_app_Community_Help.png/38px-Crystal_Clear_app_Community_Help.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Crystal_Clear_app_Community_Help.png/50px-Crystal_Clear_app_Community_Help.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128"/></a></span> </td> <td style="border-top: 2px dotted #DDDDF7;"><a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9:Socio-anthropologie/Travaux_de_recherche/Anthropologie" class="mw-redirect" title="Faculté:Socio-anthropologie/Travaux de recherche/Anthropologie">Anthropologie</a> • <a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9:Droit/Travaux_de_recherche" title="Faculté:Droit/Travaux de recherche">Droit</a> • <a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9:%C3%89conomie/Travaux_de_recherche" title="Faculté:Économie/Travaux de recherche">Économie</a> • <a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9:G%C3%A9ographie/Travaux_de_recherche" title="Faculté:Géographie/Travaux de recherche">Géographie</a> • <a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9:Gestion/Travaux_de_recherche" title="Faculté:Gestion/Travaux de recherche">Gestion</a> • <a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9:Histoire/Travaux_de_recherche" title="Faculté:Histoire/Travaux de recherche">Histoire</a> • <a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9:P%C3%A9dagogie/Travaux_de_recherche" title="Faculté:Pédagogie/Travaux de recherche">Pédagogie</a> • <a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9:Philosophie/Travaux_de_recherche" title="Faculté:Philosophie/Travaux de recherche">Philosophie</a> • <a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9:Politique/Travaux_de_recherche" title="Faculté:Politique/Travaux de recherche">Politique</a> • <a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9:Psychologie/Travaux_de_recherche" title="Faculté:Psychologie/Travaux de recherche">Psychologie</a> • <a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9:Socio-anthropologie/Travaux_de_recherche" class="mw-redirect" title="Faculté:Socio-anthropologie/Travaux de recherche">Sociologie</a> • <a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9:Th%C3%A9ologie/Travaux_de_recherche" title="Faculté:Théologie/Travaux de recherche">Théologie</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Sciences_exactes_et_naturelles" title="Catégorie:Sciences exactes et naturelles"><img alt="Catégorie:Sciences exactes et naturelles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Science-symbol-2.svg/25px-Science-symbol-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Science-symbol-2.svg/38px-Science-symbol-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Science-symbol-2.svg/50px-Science-symbol-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="87" data-file-height="87"/></a></span> </td> <td style="border-top: 2px dotted #DDDDF7;"><a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9:Astronomie/Travaux_de_recherche" title="Faculté:Astronomie/Travaux de recherche">Astronomie</a> • <a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9:Biologie/Travaux_de_recherche" title="Faculté:Biologie/Travaux de recherche">Biologie</a> • <a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9:Chimie/Travaux_de_recherche" title="Faculté:Chimie/Travaux de recherche">Chimie</a> • <a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9:Environnement/Travaux_de_recherche" title="Faculté:Environnement/Travaux de recherche">Environnement</a> • <a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9:G%C3%A9ologie/Travaux_de_recherche" title="Faculté:Géologie/Travaux de recherche">Géologie</a> • <a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9:Math%C3%A9matiques/Travaux_de_recherche" title="Faculté:Mathématiques/Travaux de recherche">Mathématiques</a> • <a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9:Physique/Travaux_de_recherche" title="Faculté:Physique/Travaux de recherche">Physique</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Sciences_de_la_vie_et_de_la_sant%C3%A9" title="Catégorie:Sciences de la vie et de la santé"><img alt="Catégorie:Sciences de la vie et de la santé" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Caduceus_color.svg/25px-Caduceus_color.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Caduceus_color.svg/38px-Caduceus_color.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Caduceus_color.svg/50px-Caduceus_color.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="1200"/></a></span> </td> <td style="border-top:2px dotted #DDDDF7;"><a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9:M%C3%A9decine/Travaux_de_recherche" title="Faculté:Médecine/Travaux de recherche">Médecine</a> • <a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9:Sciences_cognitives/Travaux_de_recherche" title="Faculté:Sciences cognitives/Travaux de recherche">Sciences cognitives</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Technologie_et_sciences_appliqu%C3%A9es" title="Catégorie:Technologie et sciences appliquées"><img alt="Catégorie:Technologie et sciences appliquées" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Nuvola_apps_konqueror.png/25px-Nuvola_apps_konqueror.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Nuvola_apps_konqueror.png/38px-Nuvola_apps_konqueror.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Nuvola_apps_konqueror.png/50px-Nuvola_apps_konqueror.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128"/></a></span> </td> <td style="border-top: 2px dotted #DDDDF7;"><a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9:Informatique/Travaux_de_recherche" title="Faculté:Informatique/Travaux de recherche">Informatique</a> • <a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9:Sciences_de_l%27ing%C3%A9nieur/Travaux_de_recherche" title="Faculté:Sciences de l'ingénieur/Travaux de recherche">Sciences de l'ingénieur</a> • <a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9:Transport/Travaux_de_recherche" title="Faculté:Transport/Travaux de recherche">Transport</a> • <a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9:Urbanisme/Travaux_de_recherche" title="Faculté:Urbanisme/Travaux de recherche">Urbanisme</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:%C3%89tudes_artistiques" title="Catégorie:Études artistiques"><img alt="Image logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Musical_note_nicu_bucule_01.svg/25px-Musical_note_nicu_bucule_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Musical_note_nicu_bucule_01.svg/38px-Musical_note_nicu_bucule_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Musical_note_nicu_bucule_01.svg/50px-Musical_note_nicu_bucule_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100"/></a></span> </td> <td style="border-top: 2px dotted #DDDDF7;"><a href="/wiki/Recherche:D%C3%A9partement:Arts_et_cultures" title="Recherche:Département:Arts et cultures">Arts et cultures</a> • <a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9:Arts_plastiques/Travaux_de_recherche" title="Faculté:Arts plastiques/Travaux de recherche">Arts plastiques</a> • <a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9:Infographie/Travaux_de_recherche" title="Faculté:Infographie/Travaux de recherche">Infographie</a> • <a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9:Musique/Travaux_de_recherche" title="Faculté:Musique/Travaux de recherche">Musique</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Sports_et_loisirs" title="Catégorie:Sports et loisirs"><img alt="Image logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Applications-games.svg/25px-Applications-games.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Applications-games.svg/38px-Applications-games.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Applications-games.svg/50px-Applications-games.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48"/></a></span> </td> <td style="border-top: 2px dotted #DDDDF7;"><a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9:Jeux/Travaux_de_recherche" title="Faculté:Jeux/Travaux de recherche">Jeux</a> • <a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9:Sports/Travaux_de_recherche" title="Faculté:Sports/Travaux de recherche">Sports</a> • <a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9:Tourisme/Travaux_de_recherche" title="Faculté:Tourisme/Travaux de recherche">Tourisme</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="Autres_projets_Wikimedia" style="position: relative; z-index: 1; margin: 6px 8px 0; padding: 5px 0; padding-left: 48px; overflow: visible; border: 0; font-size: 1.3em; font-weight: bold; line-height:" data-mw-thread-id="h-Autres_projets_Wikimedia"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Autres_projets_Wikimedia"></span> <span style="position: absolute; left: -2px; top: 3px; z-index: -1;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Blue-bg_rounded.svg/350px-Blue-bg_rounded.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Blue-bg_rounded.svg/525px-Blue-bg_rounded.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Blue-bg_rounded.svg/700px-Blue-bg_rounded.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="25"/></span></span></span> <span style="position: absolute; left: 4px; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Wikimedia-logo-circle.svg/38px-Wikimedia-logo-circle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Wikimedia-logo-circle.svg/57px-Wikimedia-logo-circle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Wikimedia-logo-circle.svg/76px-Wikimedia-logo-circle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700"/></span></span></span> <span style="color:#0645AD">Autres projets Wikimedia</span> <span data-mw-comment-end="h-Autres_projets_Wikimedia"></span></h2> <div style="margin-top: -2.8em; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: .8em 1em; border: 1px solid #C2DFFF; border-radius: 10px;"> <div style="height: 2.8em;"></div> <div style="color:#222; font-size:110%; text-align:center; margin-bottom:2.5em; padding-top:10px;">Wikiversité est hébergée par la <a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/fr" class="extiw" title="foundationsite:fr">Wikimedia Foundation</a>, de même que les projets suivants, coordonnés sur le site <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Accueil" class="extiw" title="m:Accueil">Meta-Wiki</a> :</div> <div style="margin:0 1em; font-size:100%; text-align:left; background-color:transparent; color:#777; flex-wrap:wrap; align-content:flex-start; justify-content:space-between;" class="plainlinks"> <div style="column-width:[[:Modèle:Taille em]];column-count:5;margin:.3em 0;" class="colonnes"><div style="margin:-.3em 0;"> <div style="-moz-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid;-moz-column-break-inside:avoid;-webkit-column-break-inside:avoid;page-break-inside:avoid;overflow:hidden;margin-bottom:1.5em"> <div style="vertical-align:middle; width:40px; display:inline-block;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/fr:Wikip%C3%A9dia:Accueil_principal" title="Wikipedia"><img alt="Wikipedia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/32px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/48px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/64px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94"/></a></span></div> <div style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/fr:Wikip%C3%A9dia:Accueil_principal" class="extiw" title="w:fr:Wikipédia:Accueil principal"><b>Wikipédia</b></a> <br/><span style="font-size:85%;">Encyclopédie</span></div> </div> <div style="-moz-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid;-moz-column-break-inside:avoid;-webkit-column-break-inside:avoid;page-break-inside:avoid;overflow:hidden;margin-bottom:1.5em"> <div style="vertical-align:middle; width:40px; display:inline-block;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Main_Page?uselang=fr" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/60px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/80px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590"/></a></span></div> <div style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle"><a class="external text" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Main_Page?uselang=fr"><b>Wikidata</b></a> <br/> <span style="font-size:85%;">Base de données</span></div> </div> <div style="-moz-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid;-moz-column-break-inside:avoid;-webkit-column-break-inside:avoid;page-break-inside:avoid;overflow:hidden;margin-bottom:1.5em"> <div style="vertical-align:middle; width:40px; display:inline-block;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Accueil?uselang=fr" title="Commons"><img alt="Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/Commons-logo-31px.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="41" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="31" data-file-height="41"/></a></span></div> <div style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Accueil?uselang=fr"><b>Commons</b></a> <br/> <span style="font-size:85%;">Médiathèque</span></div> </div> <div style="-moz-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid;-moz-column-break-inside:avoid;-webkit-column-break-inside:avoid;page-break-inside:avoid;overflow:hidden;margin-bottom:1.5em"> <div style="vertical-align:middle; width:40px; display:inline-block;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr.wikiquote.org/wiki/Wikiquote:Accueil" title="Wikiquote"><img alt="Wikiquote" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/32px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/48px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/64px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355"/></a></span></div> <div style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle"><a href="https://fr.wikiquote.org/wiki/Wikiquote:Accueil" class="extiw" title="q:Wikiquote:Accueil"><b>Wikiquote</b></a> <br/> <span style="font-size:85%;">Citations</span></div> </div> <div style="-moz-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid;-moz-column-break-inside:avoid;-webkit-column-break-inside:avoid;page-break-inside:avoid;overflow:hidden;margin-bottom:1.5em"> <div style="vertical-align:middle; width:40px; display:inline-block;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionnaire:Page_d%E2%80%99accueil" title="Wiktionnaire"><img alt="Wiktionnaire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/48px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/64px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350"/></a></span></div> <div style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle"><a href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionnaire:Page_d%E2%80%99accueil" class="extiw" title="wikt:Wiktionnaire:Page d’accueil"><b>Wiktionnaire</b></a> <br/> <span style="font-size:85%;">Dictionnaire</span></div> </div> <div style="-moz-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid;-moz-column-break-inside:avoid;-webkit-column-break-inside:avoid;page-break-inside:avoid;overflow:hidden;margin-bottom:1.5em"> <div style="vertical-align:middle; width:40px; display:inline-block;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr.wikibooks.org/wiki/Accueil" title="Wikilivres"><img alt="Wikilivres" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/32px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/48px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/64px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"/></a></span></div> <div style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle"><a href="https://fr.wikibooks.org/wiki/Accueil" class="extiw" title="b:Accueil"><b>Wikilivres</b></a> <br/> <span style="font-size:85%;">Manuels</span></div> </div> <div style="-moz-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid;-moz-column-break-inside:avoid;-webkit-column-break-inside:avoid;page-break-inside:avoid;overflow:hidden;margin-bottom:1.5em"> <div style="vertical-align:middle; width:40px; display:inline-block;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Wikisource:Accueil" title="Wikisource"><img alt="Wikisource" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/32px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/48px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/64px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430"/></a></span></div> <div style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle"><a href="https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Wikisource:Accueil" class="extiw" title="s:Wikisource:Accueil"><b>Wikisource</b></a> <br/> <span style="font-size:85%;">Bibliothèque</span></div> </div> <div style="-moz-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid;-moz-column-break-inside:avoid;-webkit-column-break-inside:avoid;page-break-inside:avoid;overflow:hidden;margin-bottom:1.5em"> <div style="vertical-align:middle; width:40px; display:inline-block;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Accueil" title="Wikivoyage"><img alt="Wikivoyage" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/35px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/53px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/70px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193"/></a></span></div> <div style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle"><a href="https://fr.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Accueil" class="extiw" title="voy:Accueil"><b>Wikivoyage</b></a> <br/> <span style="font-size:85%;">Guide de voyage</span></div> </div> <div style="-moz-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid;-moz-column-break-inside:avoid;-webkit-column-break-inside:avoid;page-break-inside:avoid;overflow:hidden;margin-bottom:1.5em"> <div style="vertical-align:middle; width:40px; display:inline-block;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr.wikinews.org/wiki/Accueil" title="Wikinews"><img alt="Wikinews" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Wikinews-logo-51px.png/40px-Wikinews-logo-51px.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Wikinews-logo-51px.png 1.5x" data-file-width="51" data-file-height="30"/></a></span></div> <div style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle"><a href="https://fr.wikinews.org/wiki/Accueil" class="extiw" title="n:Accueil"><b>Wikinews</b></a> <br/> <span style="font-size:85%;">Site d'actualités</span></div> </div> <div style="-moz-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid;-moz-column-break-inside:avoid;-webkit-column-break-inside:avoid;page-break-inside:avoid;overflow:hidden;margin-bottom:1.5em"> <div style="vertical-align:middle; width:40px; display:inline-block;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Accueil?uselang=fr" title="Wikispecies"><img alt="Wikispecies" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/32px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/48px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/64px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103"/></a></span></div> <div style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle"><a class="external text" href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Accueil?uselang=fr"><b>Wikispecies</b></a> <br/> <span style="font-size:85%;">Répertoire taxonomique</span></div> </div> <div style="-moz-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid;-moz-column-break-inside:avoid;-webkit-column-break-inside:avoid;page-break-inside:avoid;overflow:hidden;margin-bottom:1.5em"> <div style="vertical-align:middle; width:40px; display:inline-block;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikifunctions.org/wiki/Wikifunctions:Main_Page" title="Wikifunctions"><img alt="Wikifunctions" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Wikifunctions-logo.svg/32px-Wikifunctions-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Wikifunctions-logo.svg/48px-Wikifunctions-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Wikifunctions-logo.svg/64px-Wikifunctions-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="513"/></a></span></div> <div style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle"><a href="https://www.wikifunctions.org/wiki/Wikifunctions:Main_Page" class="extiw" title="f:Wikifunctions:Main Page"><b>Wikifunctions</b></a> <br/> <span style="font-size:85%;"><i>nouveau projet - accès limité</i></span><br/> <span style="font-size:85%;">Base de codes</span></div></div> <div style="-moz-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid;-moz-column-break-inside:avoid;-webkit-column-break-inside:avoid;page-break-inside:avoid;overflow:hidden;margin-bottom:1.5em"> <div style="vertical-align:middle; width:40px; display:inline-block;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/" title="Méta-Wiki"><img alt="Méta-Wiki" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg/32px-Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg/48px-Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg/64px-Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="900"/></a></span></div> <div style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle"><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="m:"><b>Méta-Wiki</b></a> <br/> <span style="font-size:85%;">Coordinations des projets</span></div></div> <div style="-moz-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid;-moz-column-break-inside:avoid;-webkit-column-break-inside:avoid;page-break-inside:avoid;overflow:hidden;margin-bottom:1.5em"> <div style="vertical-align:middle; width:40px; display:inline-block;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/" title="MediaWiki"><img alt="MediaWiki" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg/32px-MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg/48px-MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg/64px-MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100"/></a></span></div> <div style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="mw:"><b>MediaWiki</b></a> <br/> <span style="font-size:85%;">Développement de MediaWiki</span></div></div> <div style="-moz-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid;-moz-column-break-inside:avoid;-webkit-column-break-inside:avoid;page-break-inside:avoid;overflow:hidden;margin-bottom:1.5em"> <div style="vertical-align:middle; width:40px; display:inline-block;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/" title="Incubator"><img alt="Incubator" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/32px-Incubator-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/48px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/64px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="1000"/></a></span></div> <div style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle"><a href="https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="incubator:"><b>Incubateur</b></a> <br/> <span style="font-size:85%;"><i>Nouvelles versions linguistiques</i></span></div></div> </div> </div> </div> <div style="clear: both;"></div> </div> <div style="margin-top: 12px; border: 1px solid #a7d7f9; border-radius: 10px; text-align: center;"> <p><a href="/wiki/Wikiversit%C3%A9:Avertissements_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9raux" title="Wikiversité:Avertissements généraux">Wikiversité ne garantit pas le contenu mis en ligne.</a> </p><p><span style="font-size:90%">La <a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/fr" class="extiw" title="foundationsite:fr">Wikimedia Foundation</a> étant un hébergeur, elle ne saurait être tenue responsable des erreurs éventuelles contenues sur ce site.<br/> Chaque rédacteur/rice est responsable de ses contributions.</span> </p> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Récupérée de « <a dir="ltr" href="https://fr.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Wikiversité:Accueil&oldid=885056">https://fr.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Wikiversité:Accueil&oldid=885056</a> »</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks catlinks-allhidden" data-mw="interface"></div> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 16 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikiversity.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الصفحة الرئيسية – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الصفحة الرئيسية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wikiverzita:Hlavn%C3%AD_strana" title="Wikiverzita:Hlavní strana – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Wikiverzita:Hlavní strana" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/Hauptseite" title="Hauptseite – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hauptseite" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikiversity.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CE%A3%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B1" title="Κύρια Σελίδα – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κύρια Σελίδα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wikiversity:Main_Page" title="Wikiversity:Main Page – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Wikiversity:Main Page" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikiversity.org/wiki/Portada" title="Portada – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Portada" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikiversity.org/wiki/Etusivu" title="Etusivu – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Etusivu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikiversity.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF:%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0" title="विकिविश्वविद्यालय:मुखपृष्ठ – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विकिविश्वविद्यालय:मुखपृष्ठ" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikiversity.org/wiki/Pagina_principale" title="Pagina principale – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pagina principale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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