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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Design subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Stadsfiets_as_a_defining_term" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stadsfiets_as_a_defining_term"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span><i>Stadsfiets</i> as a defining term</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stadsfiets_as_a_defining_term-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Traditional_vs._contemporary_design" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traditional_vs._contemporary_design"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Traditional vs. contemporary design</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traditional_vs._contemporary_design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Suitability_compared_to_hybrid_or_commuter_bikes" 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aria-controls="toc-Typical_features-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Typical features subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Typical_features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Angled-back_handlebars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Angled-back_handlebars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Angled-back handlebars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Angled-back_handlebars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hub_gearing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hub_gearing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Hub gearing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hub_gearing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stable_geometry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stable_geometry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Stable geometry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stable_geometry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hub_dynamo,_automatic_lights_and_magnetic_lights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hub_dynamo,_automatic_lights_and_magnetic_lights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Hub dynamo, automatic lights and magnetic lights</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hub_dynamo,_automatic_lights_and_magnetic_lights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Front_suspension_with_built-in_headlight" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Front_suspension_with_built-in_headlight"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Front suspension with built-in headlight</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Front_suspension_with_built-in_headlight-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-O-lock" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#O-lock"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>O-lock</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-O-lock-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Skirt_guard" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Skirt_guard"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Skirt guard</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Skirt_guard-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fully_enclosed_chain_guard" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fully_enclosed_chain_guard"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>Fully enclosed chain guard</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fully_enclosed_chain_guard-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Full_fenders_with_mudguard_flaps" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Full_fenders_with_mudguard_flaps"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.9</span> <span>Full fenders with mudguard flaps</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Full_fenders_with_mudguard_flaps-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enclosed_drum_brakes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enclosed_drum_brakes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.10</span> <span>Enclosed drum brakes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enclosed_drum_brakes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Luggage_carrier" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Luggage_carrier"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.11</span> <span>Luggage carrier</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Luggage_carrier-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tires_and_wheels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tires_and_wheels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.12</span> <span>Tires and wheels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tires_and_wheels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Platform_pedals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Platform_pedals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.13</span> <span>Platform pedals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Platform_pedals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saddle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saddle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.14</span> <span>Saddle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saddle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Single,_dual_or_adjustable_kickstand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Single,_dual_or_adjustable_kickstand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.15</span> <span>Single, dual or adjustable kickstand</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Single,_dual_or_adjustable_kickstand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_features" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.16</span> <span>Other features</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media_and_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media_and_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Media and politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types_and_manufacturers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types_and_manufacturers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Types and manufacturers</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types_and_manufacturers-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Types and manufacturers subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Types_and_manufacturers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Types</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manufacturers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manufacturers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Manufacturers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manufacturers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Bicycle for practical use (commuting, transport)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Cruiser_bicycle" title="Cruiser bicycle">Cruiser bicycle</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Urban_bicycle_47.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Urban_bicycle_47.JPG/220px-Urban_bicycle_47.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Urban_bicycle_47.JPG/330px-Urban_bicycle_47.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Urban_bicycle_47.JPG/440px-Urban_bicycle_47.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3532" data-file-height="3436" /></a><figcaption>A city bike with a <a href="/wiki/Step-through_frame" title="Step-through frame">step-through frame</a> is practical for easy mounting in and out. Straight sitting position focusing on comfort instead of speed.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>utility bicycle</b>, <b>city bicycle</b>, <b>urban bicycle</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <b>European city bike</b> (ECB), <b>Dutch bike</b>, <b>classic bike</b> or simply <b>city-bike</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Bicycle" title="Bicycle">bicycle</a> designed for frequent very short, relatively slow rides through very flat <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">urban areas</a>. It is a form of utility bicycle commonly seen around the world, built to facilitate everyday short-distance riding (no more than 5-6 km a day<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) in normal clothes in cold-to-mild weather conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is therefore a bicycle designed for <a href="/wiki/Utility_cycling" title="Utility cycling">very short-range practical transportation</a>, as opposed to those primarily for recreation and competition, such as <a href="/wiki/Touring_bicycle" title="Touring bicycle">touring bicycles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Road_bicycles" class="mw-redirect" title="Road bicycles">road bicycles</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mountain_bicycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Mountain bicycle">mountain bicycles</a>. Utility bicycles are the most common form globally,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and comprise the vast majority found in the <a href="/wiki/Developing_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Developing world">developing world</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> City bikes may be individually owned or operated as part of a <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_sharing_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicycle sharing system">public bike sharing scheme</a>. </p><p>Generally as they are more suitable for urban environments, they focus more on short-distance comfort and practicality instead of speed or efficiency. They normally have a slightly curved, roughly planar aligned and elevated <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_handlebar" title="Bicycle handlebar">handlebar</a>, providing users an upright sitting position. They have fewer gears and they often are heavier than <a href="/wiki/Road_bicycle" title="Road bicycle">road bicycles</a>. They might have the top central frame bar diagonally aligned for allowing easy mounting in and out and they might have a back or front frame for transport of items. The saddle is typically larger compared with other bicycles and the majority are provided with <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_chain" title="Bicycle chain">chain</a> and tire protection against oil or dirt.<sup id="cite_ref-bike_def_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bike_def-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utility_bicycle&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brosen_city_bicycle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Brosen_city_bicycle.jpg/220px-Brosen_city_bicycle.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Brosen_city_bicycle.jpg/330px-Brosen_city_bicycle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Brosen_city_bicycle.jpg/440px-Brosen_city_bicycle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="752" data-file-height="538" /></a><figcaption>A traditional Dutch <a href="/wiki/Roadster_(bicycle)" title="Roadster (bicycle)">roadster</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Bicycles have been promoted for their utilitarian strengths since before they were technically known as bicycles. The <a href="/wiki/Dandy_horse" title="Dandy horse">dandy horse</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Boneshaker_(bicycle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Boneshaker (bicycle)">boneshaker</a> were hoped to become an inexpensive utilitarian alternative to horses by their makers.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However the inherent danger, cost, discomfort, and restrictive gender roles of the day, kept it popular mainly with wealthy adventurous young men, and mainly for recreation and sport. The development of <a href="/wiki/Penny-farthing" title="Penny-farthing">penny-farthing</a> moved away from the utilitarian goal of earlier forms, with its less stable ride, and difficulty carrying much baggage. It furthered the trend of bicycles to be used by young men, willing to take risks, for sport and recreation. Despite this, we find the earliest mention of working bikes in 1874, in Paris, as <a href="/wiki/Courier" title="Courier">couriers</a>, for a <a href="/wiki/Newspaper" title="Newspaper">newspaper</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Stock_market" title="Stock market">stock market</a> riding penny-farthings.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was the introduction of the <a href="/wiki/Safety_bicycle" title="Safety bicycle">safety bicycle</a> that was successful for the first time to build a bicycle that worked well for utilitarian purposes, "a poor man's <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nag#English" class="extiw" title="wikt:nag">nag</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was this development that was the cause of the <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_boom" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicycle boom">bicycle boom</a> of the 1890s. The main use of bicycles during the boom was still sport and recreation, but additionally they were adopted by many professions such as police, postal workers, delivery men, municipal workers and for basic transportation of people of all classes, races, and genders.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the US, after the boom, use changed dramatically from sport and recreation to basic transportation. By 1902, as the boom was coming to an end, nearly all cyclists were cycling for practical purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The price of bicycles dropped dramatically, due to increased competition between makers and more price conscious consumers; profits dried up and many of the cycling manufacturers went out of business. The history is similar in the UK, but there some of the manufacturers were better able to handle the transition to transportation based cycling, even to the point of talking of a second boom due to so many working-class people taking up cycling.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally the British makers were able to tap into the developing markets overseas, primarily India, China, and Japan. In countries like the US, the use of utility bicycles all but disappeared until after the Second World War, when a few British and Italian <a href="/wiki/Roadster_(bicycle)" title="Roadster (bicycle)">roadster</a>-type bicycles saw a brief upsurge in popularity. Since the Second World War, utility bicycles have remained popular in countries like the Netherlands, China, and much of the <a href="/wiki/Developing_country" title="Developing country">developing world</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Technological_improvements">Technological improvements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utility_bicycle&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Technological improvements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since the 1890s only incremental mechanical advances have taken place for the majority of the world's utility bicycles. In fact many bicycles in <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> still employ <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_brake_systems#Rod-actuated_brakes" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicycle brake systems">rod brakes</a>. One exception to this was the continued development of substitute propulsion systems for utility bicycles in the form of add-on gasoline engines and transmissions. Developed shortly after 1900 in Europe and the United States, motorized utility bicycles surged in popularity in Western Europe after the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>. Typically, a small one or two-horsepower, <a href="/wiki/Two-cycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Two-cycle">two-cycle</a> engine was fitted with a tire roller-drive mechanism that would convert any standard utility roadster into a <a href="/wiki/Motorised_bicycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Motorised bicycle">motorised bicycle</a>. As they could still be propelled by human power, they were considered as bicycles under most national registration schemes. The motorised utility bicycle or <i>cyclemotor</i> offered greater range, faster commutes, and increased versatility to a large sector of the postwar European consumer market that could not afford expensive automobiles or motorcycles.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1962, the advent of the <a href="/wiki/Moulton_bicycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Moulton bicycle">Moulton bicycle</a> brought a fresh outlook to the traditional utility concept. Using small, easily transportable frames and wheels as well as suspension, the Moulton was designed to accommodate the increasing public usage of bicycles <a href="/wiki/Intermodal_passenger_transport" title="Intermodal passenger transport">in concert with</a> other forms of mass transportation. During the 1990s, several bicycle designs were introduced in an attempts to improve on the traditional utility bike. Most of these centered on the use of lightweight frame alloys, new brake and gearing systems, and electronic navigation and monitoring assistance. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use">Use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utility_bicycle&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Post-cycle-Cologne-508.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Post-cycle-Cologne-508.jpg/220px-Post-cycle-Cologne-508.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Post-cycle-Cologne-508.jpg/330px-Post-cycle-Cologne-508.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Post-cycle-Cologne-508.jpg/440px-Post-cycle-Cologne-508.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Post" title="Deutsche Post">Deutsche Post</a> delivery bike in <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Utility bicycles are principally used for short-distance commuting, running errands, shopping, leisure or for transporting goods or merchandise. Utility bicycles may also be seen in <a href="/wiki/Mail" title="Mail">postal service</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_infantry" title="Bicycle infantry">in war</a>, and for employee transportation inside large workplaces (factories, warehouses, airports, movie studio lots, etc.). In some countries, entire fleets of utility bicycles may be operated or administered by local or national government agencies as part of a <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_sharing_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicycle sharing system">public bike sharing programme</a>. </p><p>The utility bicycle is the most widely used form of bicycle in many undeveloped parts of the world. While <a href="/wiki/Motor_vehicles" class="mw-redirect" title="Motor vehicles">motor vehicles</a> have displaced bicycles for personal transportation in many industrialized and <a href="/wiki/Post-industrial" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-industrial">post-industrial</a> nations, rising fuel costs and concerns over the environment have led many people to once again turn to utility bicycles for a variety of daily tasks. In countries where purpose-built utility bikes are unavailable or unsuited to local conditions, many cyclists have acquired <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_bicycles" class="mw-redirect" title="Hybrid bicycles">hybrid bicycles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Road_bicycle" title="Road bicycle">road bicycles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mountain_bike" title="Mountain bike">mountain bikes</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Touring_bicycle" title="Touring bicycle">touring bicycles</a> for commuting and general utility use, often refurbishing older or secondhand models. A few countries, notably <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Flemish_Region" title="Flemish Region">Flemish Region</a> of <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, continue to produce versions of the utility bike. In addition, the <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Post" title="Deutsche Post">Deutsche Post</a> uses a version of a utility bike in most <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">German</a> cities for delivering mail.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design">Design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utility_bicycle&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Utility bicycles often feature a <a href="/wiki/Step-through_frame" title="Step-through frame">step-through frame</a> so they can be easily mounted, <a href="/wiki/Single-speed_bicycle" title="Single-speed bicycle">single speed</a>, or with internal <a href="/wiki/Hub_gears" class="mw-redirect" title="Hub gears">hub gearing</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_drum_brake" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicycle drum brake">drum brakes</a> to reduce the need for maintenance, <a href="/wiki/Mudguard" class="mw-redirect" title="Mudguard">mudguards</a> to keep the rider's clothing clean, a <a href="/wiki/Chain_guard" class="mw-redirect" title="Chain guard">chain guard</a> to prevent skirts or loose trousers from being caught in the chain, a <a href="/wiki/Skirt_guard" title="Skirt guard">skirt guard</a> to prevent a long coat or skirt catching in the rear wheel or brakes, a center stand <a href="/wiki/Kickstand" title="Kickstand">kickstand</a> so it can be parked easily, and a basket or <a href="/wiki/Pannier" title="Pannier">pannier</a> <a href="/wiki/Luggage_carrier" title="Luggage carrier">rack</a> to carry personal possessions or shopping bags. </p><p>A traditional type of utility bicycle, the roadster may weigh as much as 16–23 kg (35 to 50 lbs). Parts such as <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_frame" title="Bicycle frame">frames</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_wheel" title="Bicycle wheel">wheels/rims</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_tire" title="Bicycle tire">tires</a> are chosen for strength, safety, and durability rather than high performance. Additionally, utility bikes tend to incorporate fewer technological advances in material design and engineering in comparison to road bicycles, though there are exceptions. In particular, the small-tired <a href="/wiki/Moulton_Bicycle" title="Moulton Bicycle">Moulton</a> portable utility cycles incorporate advanced engineering with slightly lighter weight. </p><p> Most utility bikes feature an upright riding position. The <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_handlebar" title="Bicycle handlebar">handlebars</a> are almost always curved back and positioned higher than the <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_saddle" title="Bicycle saddle">saddle</a> so that the rider can operate controls without changing their riding posture. The saddle is also placed right above the rear wheel axle instead of the bottom bracket, which makes it more difficult to pedal. Some people add a child seat or a <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_trailer" title="Bicycle trailer">trailer</a>. The utility bike's combination of parts, design, and features provide functionality and (short-distance) comfort at the expense of weight, an adequate compromise when used as originally intended (local commuting and short rides).<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gazelle_Omafahrrad_series_-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Gazelle_Omafahrrad_series_-1.jpg/220px-Gazelle_Omafahrrad_series_-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Gazelle_Omafahrrad_series_-1.jpg/330px-Gazelle_Omafahrrad_series_-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Gazelle_Omafahrrad_series_-1.jpg/440px-Gazelle_Omafahrrad_series_-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>A vintage <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl"><a href="/wiki/Omafiets" class="mw-redirect" title="Omafiets">omafiets</a></i></span>, the Dutch ladies' bicycle</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stadsfiets_as_a_defining_term"><i>Stadsfiets</i> as a defining term</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utility_bicycle&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Stadsfiets as a defining term"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Dutch <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl"><a href="/wiki/Stadsfiets" class="mw-redirect" title="Stadsfiets">stadsfiets</a></i></span> has the full set of features commonly incorporated into a utility bicycle. The Dutch words <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">fiets</i></span> and <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">stadsfiets</i></span> mean 'bicycle' and 'city bicycle', respectively. A <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">stadsfiets</i></span> is considered to be a fully outfitted European city bike, distinguished by the following typical features: upright riding position, fully enclosed <a href="/wiki/Chain_case" class="mw-redirect" title="Chain case">chaincase</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skirt_guard" title="Skirt guard">skirtguard</a>, <a href="/wiki/O-lock" class="mw-redirect" title="O-lock">O-lock</a>, hub gearing, <a href="/wiki/Hub_dynamo" title="Hub dynamo">dynamo hub</a>, manually operated small warning bell, and built-in lights. </p><p>German and Dutch versions of the European city bike are similar, though there are differences.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/English_roadster" class="mw-redirect" title="English roadster">English roadster</a></i> is similar in design, appearance, and intended use. The primary differences are that the continental bicycles tend to have a higher handlebar position for a more upright riding posture, and are more likely to have <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_brake_systems#Rod-actuated_brakes" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicycle brake systems">rod-actuated</a> drum brakes. Because of Great Britain's cultural and trading influence in its former colonies, the roadster can still be seen in local production and use in many countries of the world. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Traditional_vs._contemporary_design">Traditional vs. contemporary design</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utility_bicycle&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Traditional vs. contemporary design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A traditional-styled European city bike includes a frame made of low-carbon high-tensile steel, black paint with chromed accessories, an opaque skirtguard, bottle dynamo, simple dynamo-powered lights, and either a single-speed or 3-speed internally geared hub. </p><p>Contemporary city bikes are increasingly found in many European cities, including <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a>. Dutch and Danish-made city bikes often include such features as a clear <a href="/wiki/Skirt_guard" title="Skirt guard">skirt guard</a>, colors other than black, aluminum alloy or chromoly steel frame, front suspension fork, suspension seatpost, <a href="/wiki/Hub_dynamo" title="Hub dynamo">Hub dynamo</a>, dynamo lighting with motion-and-darkness detection, magnetic lights, a 7- or 8-speed hub, adjustable <a href="/wiki/Kickstand" title="Kickstand">kickstand</a>, child seats, and a headlight integrated into the front fork. Newer German models, on the other hand, tend to incorporate a <i>less is more</i> philosophy.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Batavus_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Batavus_4.jpg/220px-Batavus_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Batavus_4.jpg/330px-Batavus_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Batavus_4.jpg/440px-Batavus_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Contemporary-designed European city bicycle.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Suitability_compared_to_hybrid_or_commuter_bikes">Suitability compared to hybrid or commuter bikes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utility_bicycle&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Suitability compared to hybrid or commuter bikes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The suitability and availability of fully outfitted city bikes depends on multiple factors, including local terrain, city density, car traffic, weather, and bicycle infrastructure. Traditional European city bikes are optimized for short-distance, frequent transportation over flat terrain in urban settings. However, such bikes are also used in hilly Switzerland—although they're an extremely rare sighte there, due to their heavier weight and inefficient geometry—, including <a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern</a>, where 23% and 15% of daily trips are made by bicycle respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A fully outfitted European city bike or heavy utility roadster typically weighs 16–23 kg (35–50 lbs), compared with 6–10 kg (14–22 lbs) for the average road <a href="/wiki/Racing_bicycle" title="Racing bicycle">racing bike</a> and 10–13 kg (22–29 lbs) for the typical modern <a href="/wiki/Mountain_bike" title="Mountain bike">mountain bike</a>, <a href="/wiki/Touring_bicycle" title="Touring bicycle">touring bicycle</a>, or hybrid <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_bicycle#City_bike" title="Hybrid bicycle">city bike</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_bicycle#Commuter_bike" title="Hybrid bicycle">commuter</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_bicycle#Cross_bike" title="Hybrid bicycle">cross bike</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A steel-frame European city bike with hub gear, chain case, and other features is heavier and more difficult to ride uphill than a road bike.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A steel-frame bike is more cumbersome to carry and store, so it might not be the best choice for commuters needing to transport their bicycles on public transportation nor cyclists living or working in upper floor residences.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instead, European city bikes are often locked and stored outside businesses or residences, even during inclement weather. For easier carrying and storage, makers of European city bikes provide features similar to city bikes on <a href="/wiki/Folding_bicycle" title="Folding bicycle">folding bicycles</a>. In the Netherlands, many modern city bikes are also available with an aluminum alloy frame, significantly reducing weight to partly overcome the practical difficulties with a heavier bike. </p><p>In the United States, Americans living in cities or suburbs with many days of sunshine per year have traditionally used road racing bicycles, <a href="/wiki/Touring_bicycle" title="Touring bicycle">sport/touring</a> bicycles, or mountain bikes for general commuting or utility purposes. For all-weather use, U.S. buyers tend to purchase substantially lighter machines than the traditional <i>Stadsfiets</i> or utility roadster, instead choosing <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_bicycle#City_bike" title="Hybrid bicycle">hybrid city bikes</a> or commuter bikes derived from road or mountain designs. The latter frequently employ lightweight frames and wide gear ranges for use on higher-speed roadways as well as steep terrain. To save weight, some hybrid city or commuter bikes do not usually possess many accessories, adding only fenders, a rack, and perhaps a partial chainguard, as well as front and rear lights.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their smaller bulk and lighter weight often permits them to be carried into offices and residences, an advantage in countries with extremely high rates of bicycle vandalism and theft (even of older or obsolete models with little monetary value).<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most European city bikes are designed to withstand year-round outdoor storage, even in frigid Scandinavia where daily bike usage remains high year-round. Thus, European city bikes need not always be brought indoors and can be left outside, properly locked. To deter theft and vandalism, the European city bike has a tougher frame, non-quick-release seat and wheels, and a rear-wheel lock. To prevent theft or vandalism, it is ideal to bring the bike indoors, but this is not always possible in dense cities with compact living quarters. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lightweight_variants">Lightweight variants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utility_bicycle&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Lightweight variants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Much like the English <i><a href="/wiki/Roadster_(bicycle)#Design_and_variants" title="Roadster (bicycle)">sports roadster</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a lighter-weight variant of the contemporary utility bicycle adheres to the same general approach to bike design and use, but saves weight and increases efficiency by using: </p> <ul><li>Caliper brakes instead of hub brakes</li> <li>Derailleurs rather than hub gearing</li> <li>A battery-based lighting system rather than a hub dynamo system</li> <li>Carbon front fork</li> <li>Aluminum rims and hubs, with fewer spokes</li> <li>Light plastic or webbing skirt guard, or no skirtguard</li> <li>No suspended seat or fork</li></ul> <p>The lightweight European city bike is a popular model for Dutch brands such as <a href="/wiki/Batavus" title="Batavus">Batavus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gazelle_(bicycle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gazelle (bicycle)">Gazelle</a>, where high levels of bicycle use result in demand for higher performance city bicycles, which is otherwise similar to the fully outfitted typical European city bike. This is sometimes marketed as a "sports" variant of the latter. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Typical_features">Typical features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utility_bicycle&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Typical features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Angled-back_handlebars">Angled-back handlebars</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utility_bicycle&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Angled-back handlebars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bicycle_in_The_Hague_39.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Bicycle_in_The_Hague_39.JPG/220px-Bicycle_in_The_Hague_39.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Bicycle_in_The_Hague_39.JPG/330px-Bicycle_in_The_Hague_39.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Bicycle_in_The_Hague_39.JPG/440px-Bicycle_in_The_Hague_39.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4130" data-file-height="3104" /></a><figcaption>The angled-back handlebars (woman in the foreground) allow an erect sitting position increasing comfort, in contrast with straight handlebars (man in the background) which increase tensions on the <a href="/wiki/Lumbar" title="Lumbar">lumbar</a> area and shoulders. Red <a href="/wiki/Eurobox" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurobox">eurobox</a> as <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_basket" title="Bicycle basket">bicycle basket</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>A European city bike has angled-back handlebars and an upright riding position. The handlebars, similar to the <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_handlebar#Upright_or_North_Road" title="Bicycle handlebar">North Road</a> style handlebars, have a moderate rise and are swept back toward the body, enabling a fully upright posture similar to a person walking. The rider is easily visible to other traffic and can easily see traffic and hazards. </p><p>The handlebar's shape allows shopping bags, locks, and other items to be hung from the bars without slipping off. This reduces steering control, but that is compensated by the more stable geometry of the frame and forks. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hub_gearing">Hub gearing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utility_bicycle&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Hub gearing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Hub_gear" title="Hub gear">hub gear</a> is an important feature of a European city bike. A hub gear system provides greater ease-of-use than a derailleur system due to the ability to change gear stationary, smooth changes,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the ability to provide a wide range of ratios, and the requirement of little maintenance. </p><p>A geared hub requires only one shifter rather than two, thus is easier to use than the pair of derailleurs which provide a greater number of speeds to sporting bicycles that need them. A European city bike or roadster typically has 3, 5, 7, 8 or 11 speeds. In a few high-end models, a <a href="/wiki/Rohloff" title="Rohloff">Rohloff</a> 14-speed geared hub is available. Batavus makes several models of full-featured city bikes that have a <a href="/wiki/NuVinci_continuously_variable_transmission" title="NuVinci continuously variable transmission">NuVinci</a> hub with continuously variable drive ratio. The NuVinci has nearly the same range as an 8-speed hub (around 300%), selectable at any ratio within the range. With most bikes, the <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_gearing" title="Bicycle gearing">bicycle gearing</a> may be scaled up or down as needed, for example by installing a smaller <a href="/wiki/Crankset" title="Crankset">chainring</a> in front and/or larger sprocket in back to facilitate climbing. </p><p>Hub gearing permits the use of a fully enclosed <a href="/wiki/Chaincase" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaincase">chaincase</a>, which minimizes the need for maintenance. A hub gear has lower efficiency than a clean, properly adjusted derailleur system, but retains its efficiency without conscientious cleaning and adjustment. A hub gear system is heavier than a derailleur system. In a hub gear system, the main moving parts are enclosed, making repair more difficult than with a derailleur system. If a geared hub fails, it is sometimes more economical to replace the hub than attempt to repair it. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stable_geometry">Stable geometry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utility_bicycle&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Stable geometry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A curved fork and angled vertical tubing provides stable, non-twitchy steering, enabling the rider to ride with one hand, while freeing the other hand for signalling or to secure a load on the rear rack. Europeans commonly use the free hand to hold an umbrella or cell phone, or to hold the shoulder of a child riding their own bike, to train the child for positioning on the road. A coaster brake further enables such one-handed riding, because the one hand on the handlebar only has to steer, not also brake. </p><p>A stable European city bike enables securely travelling along in a position that is as upright as walking; it feels stable and relaxed, like walking very fast. A safe city bike needs to be capable of easily turning without falling over, and needs to be capable of moving reliably with shopping bags and a lock hanging from the handlebars. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hub_dynamo,_automatic_lights_and_magnetic_lights"><span id="Hub_dynamo.2C_automatic_lights_and_magnetic_lights"></span>Hub dynamo, automatic lights and magnetic lights</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utility_bicycle&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Hub dynamo, automatic lights and magnetic lights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Hub_dynamo" title="Hub dynamo">hub dynamo</a> enables a built-in <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_lighting" title="Bicycle lighting">lighting system</a> without the loud noise and high drag of a bottle (sidewall) dynamo, and without the unreliability, high cost, ecological disposal problem, and maintenance inherent with batteries. The hub dynamo powers LED or halogen front and rear lights. The lights have a built-in reflector. The taillight is mounted cleanly on the rear rack or fender. A built-in reflector in the headlight and taillight surrounds or is adjacent to the LED or light bulb. Built-in lights stay on point, i.e., need no adjustments. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gazelle_Speciaal_-5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Gazelle_Speciaal_-5.jpg/220px-Gazelle_Speciaal_-5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Gazelle_Speciaal_-5.jpg/330px-Gazelle_Speciaal_-5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Gazelle_Speciaal_-5.jpg/440px-Gazelle_Speciaal_-5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Traditional <a href="/wiki/Bottle_dynamo" title="Bottle dynamo">bottle dynamo</a> and lamp</figcaption></figure> <p>The latest systems include a capacitor-powered standlight, powered for a few minutes by a capacitor. This prevents the lights from going out as soon as the bike speed drops to less than a few kilometers per hour; this evens out the amount of light at various speeds, sustaining the light at lower speeds. </p><p>The latest systems include automatic switching based on darkness+motion detection. This prevents having to reach to physically position a <a href="/wiki/Bottle_dynamo" title="Bottle dynamo">bottle dynamo</a> or consume set-up time; this enables ready, guaranteed lighting regardless of the daylight conditions. A three-position switch has positions for Off, On, and Auto. A hub dynamo prevents the usage-overhead and preparation time of attaching the headlight and taillight to the bike prior to using the bike, and prevents having to remove the headlight and taillight and carry them while the bicycle is parked in public. A built-in light system avoids a failing battery lamp and prevents getting a ticket and fine from having no lights at night. </p><p>Many Danish bikes feature lights powered through <a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_induction" title="Electromagnetic induction">electromagnetic induction</a>. The lights are mounted on the bike wheels, eliminating the need for batteries while incurring less resistance to the rider than traditional dynamos. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Front_suspension_with_built-in_headlight">Front suspension with built-in headlight</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utility_bicycle&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Front suspension with built-in headlight"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A front suspension fork is common on high-end, contemporary-styled European city bikes. This is often a coil/oil or air/oil <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_fork" title="Bicycle fork">suspension fork</a> with adjustable compression and rebound. A traditional roadster has no front suspension, or a spring-based front suspension that has more limited travel and adjustability. </p><p>Some high-end models integrate the headlight into the front fork and fender assembly. This discourages vandalism, protects the wiring, and reduces the number of external wires and cables. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="O-lock">O-lock</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utility_bicycle&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: O-lock"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bike_O_Lock_Japan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Bike_O_Lock_Japan.jpg/220px-Bike_O_Lock_Japan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Bike_O_Lock_Japan.jpg/330px-Bike_O_Lock_Japan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Bike_O_Lock_Japan.jpg/440px-Bike_O_Lock_Japan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2332" data-file-height="1968" /></a><figcaption>Bike O-lock</figcaption></figure> <p>A built-in <a href="/wiki/O-lock" class="mw-redirect" title="O-lock">O-lock</a> is a type of <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_lock" title="Bicycle lock">bicycle lock</a> that prevents ride-off theft, establishes ownership, secures the back wheel to the frame (which can be separately locked), and provides a lock and slot for a cable. An O-lock is also called a ring lock or wheel lock. </p><p>The O-lock facilitates outdoor parking, by reducing the risk that someone can steal the bike by quickly riding off on it. An O-lock is lightweight and unobtrusive. It can be locked very quickly and conveniently, such as when parking the bike outside a store while running errands. </p><p>The O-lock also serves as a deterrent to ownership disputes, as the person who has the O-lock key is proven to be the owner of the bike. More recent O-locks have a slot to attach an armored cable, allowing a cyclist to lock the frame, wheels, and seat. </p><p>O-locks provide a limited degree of security, like all locks.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The greatest security requires using multiple types of locks together. In Copenhagen and Japan, the O-lock is generally used alone; the bikes are insured against theft and the owner must show that they have the key, to demonstrate that the bike was locked. The key can only be removed by locking the lock. In other locations, the O-lock is used along with locking the frame to a secure object, or the O-lock is used alone when the owner is very close by, to prevent ride-off theft.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Skirt_guard">Skirt guard</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utility_bicycle&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Skirt guard"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Skirt_guard" title="Skirt guard">skirt guard</a> (or coatguard) allows using the bike with normal clothes, for both the main rider and a passenger riding on the back rack. The skirt guard helps enable riding in cold and rain because it allows easy use of a coat, <a href="/wiki/Cloak" title="Cloak">cloak</a>, dress, skirt, scarf, or luggage; winter biking becomes possible in conjunction with wearing more clothing and using a skirtguard and chaincase. It also enables transporting various materials on the rack without getting caught in the spokes. </p><p>A skirtguard prevents winter or flowing spring clothing from getting caught in the area where many features converge: the back brake, O-lock, and spokes. The skirtguard and O-lock form an integrated system. The O-lock catches clothing, so the skirtguard is needed to compensate. The O-lock passes through a hole in the skirt guard. The traditional, old-fashioned city bike has a solid (opaque) fabric skirt guard, while the contemporary European city bike has a clear plastic guard. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fully_enclosed_chain_guard">Fully enclosed chain guard</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utility_bicycle&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Fully enclosed chain guard"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bicycle_in_The_Hague_25.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Bicycle_in_The_Hague_25.JPG/220px-Bicycle_in_The_Hague_25.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Bicycle_in_The_Hague_25.JPG/330px-Bicycle_in_The_Hague_25.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Bicycle_in_The_Hague_25.JPG/440px-Bicycle_in_The_Hague_25.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2822" data-file-height="2293" /></a><figcaption>Riding in a skirt on a bicycle with fully enclosed chain guard keeps mud off clothes and maintenance to a minimum.</figcaption></figure> <p>A fully enclosed <a href="/wiki/Chain_guard" class="mw-redirect" title="Chain guard">chain guard</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fender_(vehicle)#Bicycles_and_motorcycles" title="Fender (vehicle)">mudguards</a> protect against oil or dirt. Chaincase enables using the bike with normal clothes and no preparation activity, such as wearing <a href="/wiki/Trouser_clips" title="Trouser clips">trouser clips</a> or rolling up a trouser leg. A full guard prevents oil stains on clothes, and keeps trouser legs from getting caught in the chain or front chainring. While newer <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (April 2023)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> designs may use a partial chain guard, the latter still permits the chain to occasionally catch and stain loose trouser legs if not secured. </p><p>A full chain guard also keeps the drive train (chain and external gears) clean and efficient by excluding water, mud, and grit which can otherwise splash onto the chain and front chainring, increase wear, and reduce drivetrain efficiency. To repair a rear flat tire, a fully enclosed chain guard must be partially disassembled to remove the back wheel, or the tire must be repaired in-place without removing the wheel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Full_fenders_with_mudguard_flaps">Full fenders with mudguard flaps</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utility_bicycle&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Full fenders with mudguard flaps"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The fenders are aluminium or plastic, sometimes with a taillight affixed to the bottom of the back fender. The fairly low bottom of the back fender reduces road grime splashing up to a cyclist who is following behind. Integrated fenders designed into the bike provide a clean, safe attachment, and match the bike frame. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Enclosed_drum_brakes">Enclosed drum brakes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utility_bicycle&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Enclosed drum brakes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Enclosed <a href="/wiki/Drum_brake" title="Drum brake">drum brakes</a> or a rear coaster brake are used on most European city bikes, rather than rim brakes. A bike with drum brakes is optimized for stopping in wet weather: in wet weather, drum brakes provide more stopping power and reliability than rim brakes; but in dry weather, less. </p><p>Enclosed drum brakes require infrequent maintenance, compared to rim brakes or disc brakes, and are more durable than disc brakes, which are exposed. </p><p>Drum brakes are best suited for slower, moderate use, rather than longer periods of hard downhill braking while carrying a load. Under such heavy braking, drum brakes are reported to sometimes fade, losing stopping power, while rim brakes can overheat the rim and cause a tire blowout. A common model of drum brake is the Shimano Rollerbrake, which includes a mechanism to prevent the drum brake from suddenly catching and grabbing more than intended. </p><p>Drum brakes are heavier than rim brakes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Luggage_carrier">Luggage carrier</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utility_bicycle&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Luggage carrier"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bicycle_in_The_Hague_36.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Bicycle_in_The_Hague_36.JPG/220px-Bicycle_in_The_Hague_36.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Bicycle_in_The_Hague_36.JPG/330px-Bicycle_in_The_Hague_36.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Bicycle_in_The_Hague_36.JPG/440px-Bicycle_in_The_Hague_36.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2639" data-file-height="2648" /></a><figcaption>Transporting a passenger on the back rack, and a child above the handlebar.</figcaption></figure> <p>A Dutch convention is to carry a passenger on the <a href="/wiki/Luggage_carrier" title="Luggage carrier">back rack</a>, the passenger balancing side-saddle. The sturdy rack supports passenger weight, to carry a passenger and sustain a launch without collapsing. A standard strap assembly attaches cleanly to the rack, providing useful transport capability. There are standard notches for a strap assembly with 2 to 4 elastic straps. The rack is integrated into the bike design; the taillight is usually mounted on the back of the rack. </p><p>Danish bikes are usually equipped with a back rack with a spring-loaded clamp. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tires_and_wheels">Tires and wheels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utility_bicycle&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Tires and wheels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_tire" title="Bicycle tire">Tires</a> are puncture-resistant for travelling without a pump and tools to fix a flat tire. Width is normally medium to wide 38–44 mm (1.5-1.75 inches), providing a balance of speed with durability and cushioning. These are semi-slick road tires with shallow tread, such as Schwalbe Marathon tires. Such tires are faster and quieter than mountain-bike tires, and more durable and reliable than road-racing tires. Reflective bands on the sidewalls make the wheels visible as wheels, not just as small reflectors. This makes the bike more visible from side at night by cars without using reflective clothing and extra lights. </p><p>Large 710 mm (28″) 700 B or 700 C <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_wheel" title="Bicycle wheel">wheels</a> are typical, providing a smoother ride than 660 mm (26″) wheels. On traditional Dutch city bikes, extremely thick spokes add carrying strength. To discourage theft, the front and back wheels use axle bolts instead of quick-releases. European city bikes are used in bike-friendly areas for short distances with sturdy tires. These features are suited to riding without tools or quick-release wheels. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Platform_pedals">Platform pedals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utility_bicycle&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Platform pedals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The platform pedals allow use with normal shoes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Saddle">Saddle</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utility_bicycle&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Saddle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dutch_Gazelle_viewed_from_above.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Dutch_Gazelle_viewed_from_above.jpg/220px-Dutch_Gazelle_viewed_from_above.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Dutch_Gazelle_viewed_from_above.jpg/330px-Dutch_Gazelle_viewed_from_above.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Dutch_Gazelle_viewed_from_above.jpg/440px-Dutch_Gazelle_viewed_from_above.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4446" data-file-height="2987" /></a><figcaption>City bicycle viewed from above, particularly (from right to left) the large <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_saddle" title="Bicycle saddle">saddle</a> with a perineal slot, the single lateral <a href="/wiki/Kickstand" title="Kickstand">kickstand</a> and the angled-back <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_handlebar" title="Bicycle handlebar">handlebars</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The saddle is typically moderately broad, softly cushioned, and is often suspended. A non-quick-release seat prevents having to lock or remove the seat to prevent theft. These features allow an increase in comfort considering the erect position. Some saddles further have a longitudinal slot, to avoid <a href="/wiki/Perineum" title="Perineum">perineal</a> pressure. Besides avoiding perineal pressure, these slots avoid sit bone pain, and saddle sores. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Single,_dual_or_adjustable_kickstand"><span id="Single.2C_dual_or_adjustable_kickstand"></span>Single, dual or adjustable kickstand</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utility_bicycle&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Single, dual or adjustable kickstand"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Kickstand" title="Kickstand">kickstand</a> is present, and is often dual-leg or a center-stand for stability while the bike is carrying children or a load. Alternately, an adjustable-length kickstand enables parking regardless of the slope and load. A kickstand allows a bicycle to stand in any flat or slope surface without the need of an external stand or support. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_features">Other features</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utility_bicycle&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Other features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A bell is standard equipment for bikes in Europe, and is required by law in some European countries, such as Denmark, Poland and Germany. Additional features are available, such as front and rear <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_reflector" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicycle reflector">bicycle reflectors</a>, baskets,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Child_seat" class="mw-redirect" title="Child seat">child seats</a><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a windshield. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media_and_politics">Media and politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utility_bicycle&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Media and politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1997, then <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> was given a European city bike named <i>City Bike One</i> as a memento of his visit to Copenhagen, Denmark.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types_and_manufacturers">Types and manufacturers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utility_bicycle&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Types and manufacturers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Types">Types</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utility_bicycle&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Other examples of utility bicycles for commuting, errands, delivery and general urban transport. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roadster_(bicycle)" title="Roadster (bicycle)">Roadster</a> or "Dutch bicycle"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_wheel_bicycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Small wheel bicycle">Small wheel bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folding_bicycle" title="Folding bicycle">Folding bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cargo_bike" title="Cargo bike">Cargo bike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porteur_bicycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Porteur bicycle">Porteur bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hybrid_bicycle" title="Hybrid bicycle">Hybrid bicycle</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Manufacturers">Manufacturers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utility_bicycle&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Manufacturers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following bicycles provide most or all of the features are commonly found in The Netherlands or Denmark on a city bike: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batavus" title="Batavus">Batavus</a>, Crescendo model</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazelle_(bicycle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gazelle (bicycle)">Gazelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kronan_(bicycle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kronan (bicycle)">Kronan</a></li> <li>Skeppshult (bicycle) Skeppshult</li> <li>Sparta, "Atlas Trendy N7" model</li> <li>Kildemoes, "Classic" model</li> <li>Taarnby, "City Shopper" model</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flying_Pigeon" title="Flying Pigeon">Flying Pigeon</a>, PA-02 (men's), PA-06 (men's double top tube), and PB-13 (women's) models, made in China</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trek_Bicycle_Corporation" title="Trek Bicycle Corporation">Trek Bicycle Corporation</a>, L300 model and other "City/Trekking/Leisure" models.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Motobecane USA "Bistro 3", "Bistro 7" and "Bistro 8" model</li> <li>Windsor "Essex" and "Oxford" model</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Bicycle_Relief" title="World Bicycle Relief">World Bicycle Relief</a>, Buffalo Bicycle</li></ul> <p>While differing in many details, some American bicycle manufacturers have incorporated some features of traditional European city bikes in models such as:<sup id="cite_ref-bike_def_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bike_def-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Windsor USA features the "Essex" and "Oxford" model, men's and women's models</li> <li>Motobecane Bistro 8 features quilted stitching on saddle and grips along with an 8 speed internal hub</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Electra_Bicycle_Company" title="Electra Bicycle Company">Electra</a> Royal 8</i>, <i>Breezer Uptown 8</i>, <i>Biria Trekking Superlight 8</i>, and the <i>PUBLIC C7i</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utility_bicycle&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.co.uk/search?site=&tbm=pts&source=hp&q=urban+bicycle&oq=urban+bicycle&gs_l=hp.3..0l5j0i22i30k1l5.1494.3602.0.3819.14.13.0.0.0.0.54.605.13.13.0....0...1.1.64.hp..1.13.604.0..0i22i10i30k1.xkNikprsmag&gws_rd=cr&ei=uwJiWZ6UGInewQKOz6ugAQ">"urban bicycle - Google Patents"</a>. <i>www.google.co.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-07-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.google.co.uk&rft.atitle=urban+bicycle+-+Google+Patents&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.co.uk%2Fsearch%3Fsite%3D%26tbm%3Dpts%26source%3Dhp%26q%3Durban%2Bbicycle%26oq%3Durban%2Bbicycle%26gs_l%3Dhp.3..0l5j0i22i30k1l5.1494.3602.0.3819.14.13.0.0.0.0.54.605.13.13.0....0...1.1.64.hp..1.13.604.0..0i22i10i30k1.xkNikprsmag%26gws_rd%3Dcr%26ei%3DuwJiWZ6UGInewQKOz6ugAQ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUtility+bicycle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.peopleforbikes.org/news/best-kept-secret-dutch-biking-dutch-hardly-bike">"The Best-Kept Secret of Dutch Biking: The Dutch Hardly Bike at All"</a>. 2018-06-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-01-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Best-Kept+Secret+of+Dutch+Biking%3A+The+Dutch+Hardly+Bike+at+All&rft.date=2018-06-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.peopleforbikes.org%2Fnews%2Fbest-kept-secret-dutch-biking-dutch-hardly-bike&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUtility+bicycle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.statista.com/statistics/620169/average-biking-distance-per-person-per-day-in-the-netherlands-by-gender/">"Netherlands: Biking distance per person per day, by gender"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Netherlands%3A+Biking+distance+per+person+per+day%2C+by+gender&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.statista.com%2Fstatistics%2F620169%2Faverage-biking-distance-per-person-per-day-in-the-netherlands-by-gender%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUtility+bicycle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/2015/06/copenhagenize-worlds-most-bike-friendly-cities/">www.wired.com</a> <i>worlds-most-bike-friendly-cities</i> - Consulted on 2015-02-06</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerlihy2004" class="citation book cs1">Herlihy, David V (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bicyclehistory0000herl/page/2"><i>Bicycle: the History</i></a>. Yale University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bicyclehistory0000herl/page/2">2</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-10418-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-10418-9"><bdi>0-300-10418-9</bdi></a>. <q>Millions of people around the world still rely on their trusty clunkers for cheap and efficient transportation. In fact, the global fleet approaches a billion, with the vast majority circulating in developing countries like Cuba and China where automobiles remain a luxury.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bicycle%3A+the+History&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-300-10418-9&rft.aulast=Herlihy&rft.aufirst=David+V&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbicyclehistory0000herl%2Fpage%2F2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUtility+bicycle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bike_def-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bike_def_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bike_def_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCentury_Cycles2016" class="citation web cs1">Century Cycles (January 7, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://centurycycles.com/buyers-guides/bicycle-types-how-to-pick-the-best-bike-for-you-pg9.htm">"Bicycle Types: How to Pick the Best Bike for You, City Bikes"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bicycle+Types%3A+How+to+Pick+the+Best+Bike+for+You%2C+City+Bikes&rft.date=2016-01-07&rft.au=Century+Cycles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcenturycycles.com%2Fbuyers-guides%2Fbicycle-types-how-to-pick-the-best-bike-for-you-pg9.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUtility+bicycle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerlihy2004" class="citation book cs1">Herlihy, David V (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bicyclehistory0000herl/page/169"><i>Bicycle: the History</i></a>. Yale University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bicyclehistory0000herl/page/169">169–170</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-10418-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-10418-9"><bdi>0-300-10418-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bicycle%3A+the+History&rft.pages=169-170&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-300-10418-9&rft.aulast=Herlihy&rft.aufirst=David+V&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbicyclehistory0000herl%2Fpage%2F169&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUtility+bicycle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerlihy2004" class="citation book cs1">Herlihy, David V (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bicyclehistory0000herl/page/177"><i>Bicycle: the History</i></a>. Yale University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bicyclehistory0000herl/page/177">177</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-10418-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-10418-9"><bdi>0-300-10418-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bicycle%3A+the+History&rft.pages=177&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-300-10418-9&rft.aulast=Herlihy&rft.aufirst=David+V&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbicyclehistory0000herl%2Fpage%2F177&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUtility+bicycle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerlihy2004" class="citation book cs1">Herlihy, David V (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bicyclehistory0000herl/page/309"><i>Bicycle: the History</i></a>. Yale University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bicyclehistory0000herl/page/309">309</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-10418-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-10418-9"><bdi>0-300-10418-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bicycle%3A+the+History&rft.pages=309&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-300-10418-9&rft.aulast=Herlihy&rft.aufirst=David+V&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbicyclehistory0000herl%2Fpage%2F309&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUtility+bicycle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerlihy2004" class="citation book cs1">Herlihy, David V (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bicyclehistory0000herl/page/264"><i>Bicycle: the History</i></a>. Yale University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bicyclehistory0000herl/page/264">264</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-10418-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-10418-9"><bdi>0-300-10418-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bicycle%3A+the+History&rft.pages=264&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-300-10418-9&rft.aulast=Herlihy&rft.aufirst=David+V&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbicyclehistory0000herl%2Fpage%2F264&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUtility+bicycle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerlihy2004" class="citation book cs1">Herlihy, David V (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bicyclehistory0000herl/page/294"><i>Bicycle: the History</i></a>. Yale University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bicyclehistory0000herl/page/294">294</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-10418-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-10418-9"><bdi>0-300-10418-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bicycle%3A+the+History&rft.pages=294&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-300-10418-9&rft.aulast=Herlihy&rft.aufirst=David+V&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbicyclehistory0000herl%2Fpage%2F294&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUtility+bicycle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerlihy2004" class="citation book cs1">Herlihy, David V (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bicyclehistory0000herl/page/315"><i>Bicycle: the History</i></a>. Yale University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bicyclehistory0000herl/page/315">315</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-10418-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-10418-9"><bdi>0-300-10418-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bicycle%3A+the+History&rft.pages=315&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-300-10418-9&rft.aulast=Herlihy&rft.aufirst=David+V&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbicyclehistory0000herl%2Fpage%2F315&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUtility+bicycle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Beare, David, Pattle, Andrew, and Wheeler, Philippa, <i>The Stinkwheel Saga: Episode 1</i> Upper Cefn-y-Pwll, Montgomershire: Stinkwheel Publishing, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9547363-0-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-9547363-0-3">0-9547363-0-3</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9547363-0-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9547363-0-9">978-0-9547363-0-9</a> (2004)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Ballantine" title="Richard Ballantine">Richard Ballantine</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.overlookpress.com/catalogsearch/result/?q=Richard%27s+21st+Century+Bicycle+Book&x=23&y=14"><i>Richard's 21st Century Bicycle Book</i></a> – The Overlook Press, New York, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.overlookpress.com/">www.overlookoress.com</a> / (2001). pp. 27-29. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58567-112-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58567-112-0">978-1-58567-112-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Duitse Versus Nederlandse Stadsfiets</i>, Vogelvrije Fietser, January/February 2008, pp. 20-21, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bikebasics.de/idworx-ng/images/presse/easyeight/vvf-01-08/vvf-1-2008-testkees_duitse_stadsfiets.pdf">Article in Dutch</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKees_Bakker" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kees Bakker. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220706063441/https://bikebasics.de/idworx-ng/images/presse/easyeight/vvf-01-08/vvf-1-2008-testkees_duitse_stadsfiets.pdf">"Duitse Versus Nederlandse Stadsfiets"</a> [German vs Dutch city bicycles] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Vogelvrije Fietser</i> (in Dutch). No. January/February 2008. pp. 20–21. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bikebasics.de/idworx-ng/images/presse/easyeight/vvf-01-08/vvf-1-2008-testkees_duitse_stadsfiets.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2022-07-06.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vogelvrije+Fietser&rft.atitle=Duitse+Versus+Nederlandse+Stadsfiets&rft.issue=January%2FFebruary+2008&rft.pages=20-21&rft.au=Kees+Bakker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbikebasics.de%2Fidworx-ng%2Fimages%2Fpresse%2Feasyeight%2Fvvf-01-08%2Fvvf-1-2008-testkees_duitse_stadsfiets.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUtility+bicycle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/environment/archives/cycling/cycling_en.pdf">"Cycling: the way ahead for towns and cities"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. European Commission.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cycling%3A+the+way+ahead+for+towns+and+cities&rft.pub=European+Commission&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Fenvironment%2Farchives%2Fcycling%2Fcycling_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUtility+bicycle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Ballantine" title="Richard Ballantine">Ballantine, Richard</a>, <i>Richard's 21st Century Bicycle Book</i>, New York: Overlook Press (2001), pp. 32–35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ballantine, Richard, <i>Richard's 21st Century Bicycle Book</i>, New York: Overlook Press (2001), pp. 32–34: Ballantine writes: "I like [European city bikes] fine – in the Netherlands. Pedaling them up any kind of a hill is hard work."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ballantine, Richard, <i>Richard's 21st Century Bicycle Book</i>, New York: Overlook Press (2001), pp. 244–46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ballantine, Richard, <i>Richard's 21st Century Bicycle Book</i>, New York: Overlook Press (2001), pp. 32–34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ballantine, Richard, <i>Richard's 21st Century Bicycle Book</i>, New York: Overlook Press (2001), pp. 245–46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sheldonbrown.com/english-3.html#sports">www.sheldonbrown.com</a>, The Golden Age of 3 Speeds – Roadster, Sports or Club? Retrieved 2009-09-25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rideonmagazine.com.au/hub-of-the-matter/">"Hub of the Matter"</a>. <i>Ride on Magazine</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ride+on+Magazine&rft.atitle=Hub+of+the+Matter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frideonmagazine.com.au%2Fhub-of-the-matter%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUtility+bicycle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ballantine, Richard, <i>Richard's 21st Century Bicycle Book</i>, New York: Overlook Press (2001), pp. 154-158: "In some less-civilised cities of the world, bicycle locks offer little protection against thieves armed with moving vans, prybars, portable saws, and cutters to remove locks or their attachment points (posts, bike racks, etc.). Even if unsuccessful in stealing the bike, it is not uncommon for thieves to extensively damage or vandalise it, making public parking hazardous."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TjNNDPXVvT0">"MacBike Amsterdam Safe Cycle Guide, depicts a ride-off theft at 4:50"</a>. <i>www.youtube.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.youtube.com&rft.atitle=MacBike+Amsterdam+Safe+Cycle+Guide%2C+depicts+a+ride-off+theft+at+4%3A50&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DTjNNDPXVvT0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUtility+bicycle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">EN 14872 standard</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Which follow the <a href="/w/index.php?title=EN_14344&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EN 14344 (page does not exist)">EN 14344</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_11243&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 11243 (page does not exist)">ISO 11243</a> standards.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The City Bike and Copenhagen</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bycyklen.dk/english/thecitybikeandcopenhagen.aspx">Article</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081220111452/http://www.bycyklen.dk/english/thecitybikeandcopenhagen.aspx">Archived</a> 2008-12-20 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.trekbikes.com/be/nl/">"Dream deals on dream bikes"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-01-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dream+deals+on+dream+bikes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.trekbikes.com%2Fbe%2Fnl%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUtility+bicycle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utility_bicycle&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Hurst, Robert (2004) <i>The Art of Urban Cycling: Lessons from the Street</i> Falcon <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7627-2783-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-7627-2783-7">0-7627-2783-7</a> / <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7627-2783-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7627-2783-4">978-0-7627-2783-4</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utility_bicycle&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cycling" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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href="/wiki/Template:Cycling" title="Template:Cycling"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cycling" title="Template talk:Cycling"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cycling" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cycling"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cycling" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cycling" title="Cycling">Cycling</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cycling" title="Glossary of cycling">Glossary</a></li> <li>Outlines <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_bicycles" title="Outline of bicycles">Bicycles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_cycling" title="Outline of cycling">Cycling</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General and technical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle" title="Bicycle">Bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_culture" title="Bicycle culture">Bicycle culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_and_motorcycle_dynamics" title="Bicycle and motorcycle dynamics">Bicycle dynamics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_and_motorcycle_geometry" title="Bicycle and motorcycle geometry">Bicycle geometry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_performance" title="Bicycle performance">Bicycle performance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_bicycle" title="Electric bicycle">Electric bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_bicycle" title="History of the bicycle">History of the bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_cycling_infrastructure" title="History of cycling infrastructure">History of cycling infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balance_bike" title="Balance bike">Balance bike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandem_bicycle" title="Tandem bicycle">Tandem bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricycle" title="Tricycle">Tricycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicycle" title="Unicycle">Unicycle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Utility and slow<br /> recreation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_commuting" title="Bicycle commuting">Bicycle commuting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_messenger" title="Bicycle messenger">Bicycle messenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bike_rental" title="Bike rental">Bicycle rental/hire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle-sharing_system" title="Bicycle-sharing system">Bicycle-sharing system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_touring" title="Bicycle touring">Bicycle touring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cargo_bike" title="Cargo bike">Cargo bike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Challenge_riding" title="Challenge riding">Challenge riding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold-weather_biking" title="Cold-weather biking">Cold-weather biking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoor_cycling" title="Indoor cycling">Indoor cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_trail" title="Rail trail">Rail trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randonneuring" title="Randonneuring">Randonneuring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_cycling" title="Road cycling">Road cycling</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Utility bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utility_cycling" title="Utility cycling">Utility cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicular_cycling" title="Vehicular cycling">Vehicular cycling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sports-related cycling and<br /> fast-paced recreation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artistic_cycling" title="Artistic cycling">Artistic cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMX" title="BMX">BMX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-country_cycling" title="Cross-country cycling">Cross-country cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycle_speedway" title="Cycle speedway">Cycle speedway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycle_sport" title="Cycle sport">Cycle sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclo-cross" title="Cyclo-cross">Cyclo-cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclosportive" title="Cyclosportive">Cyclosportive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatbike" title="Fatbike">Fatbiking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeride_(mountain_biking)" title="Freeride (mountain biking)">Freeride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldsprint" title="Goldsprint">Goldsprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravel_cycling" title="Gravel cycling">Gravel cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_biking" title="Mountain biking">Mountain biking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Downhill_mountain_biking" title="Downhill mountain biking">Downhill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_bike_trials" title="Mountain bike trials">Trials</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pump_track" title="Pump track">Pump track</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_bicycle_racing" title="Road bicycle racing">Road bicycle racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Track_cycling" title="Track cycling">Track cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triathlon" title="Triathlon">Triathlon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicycle_hockey" title="Unicycle hockey">Unicycle hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicycle_trials" title="Unicycle trials">Unicycle trials</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Health, safety and<br /> infrastructure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_mobility" title="Active mobility">Active mobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle-friendly" title="Bicycle-friendly">Bicycle-friendly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_law" title="Bicycle law">Bicycle law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_parking" title="Bicycle parking">Bicycle parking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_poverty_reduction" title="Bicycle poverty reduction">Bicycle poverty reduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_rodeo" title="Bicycle rodeo">Bicycle rodeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_safety" title="Bicycle safety">Bicycle safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_transportation_planning_and_engineering" title="Bicycle transportation planning and engineering">Bicycle transportation planning and engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bike_rage" title="Bike rage">Bike rage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bike_registry" title="Bike registry">Bike registry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bike-to-Work_Day" title="Bike-to-Work Day">Bike-to-Work Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bike_Week_(cycling)" title="Bike Week (cycling)">Bike Week (Bicycle Week)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclability" title="Cyclability">Cyclability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_advocacy" title="Cycling advocacy">Cycling advocacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_infrastructure" title="Cycling infrastructure">Cycling infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand_signals" title="Hand signals">Hand signals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_stop" title="Idaho stop">Idaho stop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lane_splitting" title="Lane splitting">Lane splitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_intersection" title="Protected intersection">Protected intersection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tegelijk_groen" title="Tegelijk groen">Tegelijk groen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicular_cycling" title="Vehicular cycling">Vehicular cycling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_collecting" title="Bicycle collecting">Bicycle collecting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_kit" title="Cycling kit">Cycling kit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentacycle" title="Pentacycle">Pentacycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadracycle" title="Quadracycle">Quadracycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_transport" title="Sustainable transport">Sustainable transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bicycle_types" title="List of bicycle types">List of bicycle types</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bicycle_brands_and_manufacturing_companies" title="List of bicycle brands and manufacturing companies">List of bicycle brands and manufacturing companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_BMX_bicycle_manufacturers" title="List of BMX bicycle manufacturers">List of BMX bicycle manufacturers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bicycle-sharing_systems" title="List of bicycle-sharing systems">List of bicycle-sharing systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cyclists" title="List of cyclists">List of cyclists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_bicycles_and_cycling" title="List of films about bicycles and cycling">List of films about bicycles and cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_doping_cases_in_cycling" title="List of doping cases in cycling">List of doping cases in cycling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Cycling" title="Category:Cycling">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Utility_cycling" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Utility_cycling" title="Template:Utility cycling"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Utility_cycling" title="Template talk:Utility cycling"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Utility_cycling" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Utility cycling"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Utility_cycling" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Utility_cycling" title="Utility cycling">Utility</a> <a href="/wiki/Cycling" title="Cycling">cycling</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Road_cycling" title="Road cycling">Road cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_infrastructure" title="Cycling infrastructure">Cycling infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicular_cycling" title="Vehicular cycling">Vehicular cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_commuting" title="Bicycle commuting">Bicycle commuting</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Utility bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cargo_bike" title="Cargo bike">Cargo bike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_trailer" title="Bicycle trailer">Bicycle trailer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_sharing_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicycle sharing system">Bike sharing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_cooperative" title="Bicycle cooperative">Bicycle cooperative</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Human-powered_transport" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Human-powered_vehicles" title="Template:Human-powered vehicles"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Human-powered_vehicles" title="Template talk:Human-powered vehicles"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Human-powered_vehicles" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Human-powered vehicles"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Human-powered_transport" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Human-powered_transport" title="Human-powered transport">Human-powered transport</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human-powered_land_vehicle" title="Human-powered land vehicle">Land</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pedal power</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/29er_(bicycle)" title="29er (bicycle)">29er</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle" title="Bicycle">Bicycle</a> (<a href="/wiki/Outline_of_bicycles" title="Outline of bicycles">outline</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_trailer" title="Bicycle trailer">Bicycle trailer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMX_bike" title="BMX bike">BMX bike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boneshaker_(bicycle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Boneshaker (bicycle)">Boneshaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cargo_bike" title="Cargo bike">Cargo bike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_bicycle" class="mw-redirect" title="City bicycle">City bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold-weather_biking" title="Cold-weather biking">Cold-weather biking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruiser_bicycle" title="Cruiser bicycle">Cruiser bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycle_rickshaw" title="Cycle rickshaw">Cycle rickshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclo-cross_bicycle" title="Cyclo-cross bicycle">Cyclo-cross bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downhill_bike" title="Downhill bike">Downhill bike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enduro_(mountain_biking)" title="Enduro (mountain biking)">Enduro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatbike" title="Fatbike">Fatbike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat_bar_road_bike" title="Flat bar road bike">Flat bar road bike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folding_bicycle" title="Folding bicycle">Folding bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go-kart" title="Go-kart">Go-kart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cycling" title="Glossary of cycling">Glossary of cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hybrid_bicycle" title="Hybrid bicycle">Hybrid bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorized_bicycle" title="Motorized bicycle">Motorized bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_bike" title="Mountain bike">Mountain bike</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_biking" title="Mountain biking">Mountain biking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/27.5_Mountain_bike" class="mw-redirect" title="27.5 Mountain bike">27.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downhill_mountain_biking" title="Downhill mountain biking">Downhill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_track_(mountain_biking)" title="Single track (mountain biking)">Singletrack</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_bike" title="Party bike">Party bike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penny-farthing" title="Penny-farthing">Penny-farthing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porteur_bicycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Porteur bicycle">Porteur bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prone_bicycle" title="Prone bicycle">Prone bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadracycle" title="Quadracycle">Quadracycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recumbent_bicycle" title="Recumbent bicycle">Recumbent bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_bicycle" title="Road bicycle">Road bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roadster_(bicycle)" title="Roadster (bicycle)">Roadster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_bicycle" title="Safety bicycle">Safety bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociable" title="Sociable">Sociable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small-wheel_bicycle" title="Small-wheel bicycle">Small-wheel bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandem_bicycle" title="Tandem bicycle">Tandem bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touring_bicycle" title="Touring bicycle">Touring bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Track_bicycle" title="Track bicycle">Track bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trailer_bike" title="Trailer bike">Trailer bike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricycle" title="Tricycle">Tricycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicycle" title="Unicycle">Unicycle</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Utility bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velocar" title="Velocar">Velocar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velocipede" title="Velocipede">Velocipede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velomobile" title="Velomobile">Velomobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelie_bike" title="Wheelie bike">Wheelie bike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold-weather_biking" title="Cold-weather biking">Cold-weather biking</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ice_cycle" title="Ice cycle">ice cycle</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electric_motor" title="Electric motor">Electric motor</a> assist</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electric_bicycle" title="Electric bicycle">Electric bicycle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pedelec" title="Pedelec">Pedelec</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorized_bicycle" title="Motorized bicycle">Motorized bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorized_scooter" title="Motorized scooter">Motorized scooter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Treadle power</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treadle_bicycle" title="Treadle bicycle">Treadle bicycle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other foot power</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balance_bike" title="Balance bike">Balance bike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dandy_horse" title="Dandy horse">Dandy horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kick_scooter" title="Kick scooter">Kick scooter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kickbike" title="Kickbike">Kickbike</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kicksled" title="Kicksled">Kicksled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brakeboard" title="Brakeboard">Brakeboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeboard_(skateboard)" title="Freeboard (skateboard)">Freeboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeskates" title="Freeskates">Freeskates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longboard_(skateboard)" title="Longboard (skateboard)">Longboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skateboard" title="Skateboard">Skateboard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hand power</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Handcar" title="Handcar">Handcar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handcycle" title="Handcycle">Handcycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hobcart" title="Hobcart">Hobcart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invalid_carriage" title="Invalid carriage">Invalid carriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelchair" title="Wheelchair">Wheelchair</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Row action</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rowing_cycle" title="Rowing cycle">Rowing cycle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pushed/pulled</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baby_transport" title="Baby transport">Baby transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baggage_cart" title="Baggage cart">Baggage cart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bath_chair" title="Bath chair">Bath chair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cart" title="Cart">Cart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flatbed_trolley" title="Flatbed trolley">Flatbed trolley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand_truck" title="Hand truck">Hand truck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulled_rickshaw" title="Pulled rickshaw">Pulled rickshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shopping_cart" title="Shopping cart">Shopping cart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shopping_caddy" title="Shopping caddy">Shopping caddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stairclimber" title="Stairclimber">Stairclimber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stretcher" title="Stretcher">Stretcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toy_wagon" title="Toy wagon">Toy wagon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelbarrow" title="Wheelbarrow">Wheelbarrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sled" title="Sled">Sled</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Carried</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Litter_(vehicle)" title="Litter (vehicle)">Litter/sedan chair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scoop_stretcher" title="Scoop stretcher">Scoop stretcher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Weight shifting</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trikke" title="Trikke">Trikke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogo_stick" title="Pogo stick">Pogo stick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caster_board" title="Caster board">Caster board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snakeboard" title="Snakeboard">Snakeboard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gravity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gravity_racer" title="Gravity racer">Gravity racer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_cart" title="Billy cart">Billy cart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_luge" title="Street luge">Street luge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snowboard" title="Snowboard">Snowboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toboggan" title="Toboggan">Toboggan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summer_toboggan" title="Summer toboggan">Summer toboggan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravity_biking" title="Gravity biking">Gravity biking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human-powered_watercraft" title="Human-powered watercraft">Water</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hand power</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canoe" title="Canoe">Canoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayak" title="Kayak">Kayak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paddleboarding" title="Paddleboarding">Paddleboarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowing" title="Rowing">Rowing</a> (fixed seat)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punt_(boat)" title="Punt (boat)">Punt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hand and foot power</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rowing" title="Rowing">Rowing</a> (sliding seat)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowing" title="Rowing">Rowing</a> (sliding rigger)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foot power</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hydrocycle" title="Hydrocycle">Hydrocycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human-powered_hydrofoil" title="Human-powered hydrofoil">Hydrofoil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedalo" title="Pedalo">Pedalo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Amphibious</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amphibious_cycle" title="Amphibious cycle">Amphibious cycle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Air</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human-powered_aircraft" title="Human-powered aircraft">Aircraft</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_human-powered_aircraft" title="List of human-powered aircraft">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human-powered_helicopter" title="Human-powered helicopter">Helicopter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ornithopter" title="Ornithopter">Ornithopter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-vehicular transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foot power</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inline_skating" title="Inline skating">Inline skating</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inline_skates" title="Inline skates">skates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roller_skating" title="Roller skating">Roller skating</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roller_skates" title="Roller skates">skates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Running" title="Running">Running</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stair_climbing" title="Stair climbing">Stair climbing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walking" title="Walking">Walking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stair_climbing" title="Stair climbing">Stair climbing</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Snow and ice</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crampons" title="Crampons">Crampons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_skate" title="Ice skate">Ice skates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ski" title="Ski">Ski</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_touring_binding" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpine touring binding">Alpine touring skis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-country_skiing" title="Cross-country skiing">Cross-country skis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telemark_skiing" title="Telemark skiing">Telemark skis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snowshoe" title="Snowshoe">Snowshoes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal-powered_transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal-powered transport">Animal-powered transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling" title="Cycling">Cycling</a> (<a href="/wiki/Outline_of_cycling" title="Outline of cycling">outline</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bicycle-_and_human-powered_vehicle_museums" title="List of bicycle- and human-powered vehicle museums">Bicycle- and human-powered vehicle museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_power" title="Human power">Human power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero-emissions_vehicle" title="Zero-emissions vehicle">Zero-emissions vehicle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Utility_bicycle&oldid=1231639061">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Utility_bicycle&oldid=1231639061</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cycle_types" title="Category:Cycle types">Cycle types</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Road_cycles" title="Category:Road cycles">Road cycles</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" 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