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Manas Yarlagadda</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Prabodha Manas Yarlagadda"> <meta name="keywords" content="Prabodha Manas Yarlagadda"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Prabodha Manas Yarlagadda"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 15</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Prabodha Manas Yarlagadda</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Hamlet as the Predecessor of Existentialism - A Study of Quintessential Expression of Existential Pondering</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phani%20Kiran">Phani Kiran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prabodha%20Manas%20Yarlagadda"> Prabodha Manas Yarlagadda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper attempts to treat Shakespeare’s tragic hero, Hamlet as an existential hero who faces many dilemmas in the process of taking revenge for his father’s murder. Hamlet can be considered as a predecessor of existentialism, and Shakespeare, as a pioneer, focused on some serious existential issues in the play much before they were fully developed in 20th century. Hamlet's internal struggles reflect existential themes such as alienation, despair, and the quest for authenticity. Hamlet’s famous soliloquy, "To be, or not to be," is a quintessential expression of existential ponderings, contemplating the choice between life and death and the uncertainty of what lies beyond. Hamlet grapples with existential questions like the purpose and meaninglessness of life, the nature of morality, the inevitability of death, and the existence of an afterlife. He doubts the authenticity of appearance and the reliability of his own perceptions, highlighting the inherent ambiguity and uncertainty of existence. Overall, "Hamlet" aligns with existential philosophy by exploring the complexities of human existence, the search for meaning, and the individual's struggle to find their place in an inherently uncertain and perplexing world. The character of Hamlet and the play's exploration of existential themes continue to resonate with audiences and provoke contemplation on the nature of life and the human experience. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=to%20be%20or%20not%20to%20be" title="to be or not to be">to be or not to be</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=death" title=" death"> death</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dilemmas" title=" dilemmas"> dilemmas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=illusion%20and%20reality" title=" illusion and reality"> illusion and reality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168795/hamlet-as-the-predecessor-of-existentialism-a-study-of-quintessential-expression-of-existential-pondering" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168795.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">67</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> An Integrated Mathematical Approach to Measure the Capacity of MMTS </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bayan%20Bevrani">Bayan Bevrani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robert%20L.%20Burdett"> Robert L. Burdett</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prasad%20K.%20D.%20V.%20Yarlagadda"> Prasad K. D. V. Yarlagadda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article focuses upon multi-modal transportation systems (MMTS) and the issues surrounding the determination of system capacity. For that purpose a multi-objective framework is advocated that integrates all the different modes and many different competing capacity objectives. This framework is analytical in nature and facilitates a variety of capacity querying and capacity expansion planning. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytical%20model" title="analytical model">analytical model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capacity%20analysis" title=" capacity analysis"> capacity analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capacity%20query" title=" capacity query"> capacity query</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-modal%20transportation%20system%20%28MMTS%29" title=" multi-modal transportation system (MMTS)"> multi-modal transportation system (MMTS)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40444/an-integrated-mathematical-approach-to-measure-the-capacity-of-mmts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40444.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">359</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Heuristic to Generate Random X-Monotone Polygons</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamaljit%20Pati">Kamaljit Pati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manas%20Kumar%20Mohanty"> Manas Kumar Mohanty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanjib%20Sadhu"> Sanjib Sadhu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A heuristic has been designed to generate a random simple monotone polygon from a given set of ‘n’ points lying on a 2-Dimensional plane. Our heuristic generates a random monotone polygon in O(n) time after O(nℓogn) preprocessing time which is improved over the previous work where a random monotone polygon is produced in the same O(n) time but the preprocessing time is O(k) for n < k < n2. However, our heuristic does not generate all possible random polygons with uniform probability. The space complexity of our proposed heuristic is O(n). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sorting" title="sorting">sorting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monotone%20polygon" title=" monotone polygon"> monotone polygon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visibility" title=" visibility"> visibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chain" title=" chain"> chain</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19252/heuristic-to-generate-random-x-monotone-polygons" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19252.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">427</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Cuckoo Search Optimization for Black Scholes Option Pricing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manas%20Shah">Manas Shah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Black Scholes option pricing model is one of the most important concepts in modern world of computational finance. However, its practical use can be challenging as one of the input parameters must be estimated; implied volatility of the underlying security. The more precisely these values are estimated, the more accurate their corresponding estimates of theoretical option prices would be. Here, we present a novel model based on Cuckoo Search Optimization (CS) which finds more precise estimates of implied volatility than Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Genetic Algorithm (GA). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20scholes%20model" title="black scholes model">black scholes model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cuckoo%20search%20optimization" title=" cuckoo search optimization"> cuckoo search optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20swarm%20optimization" title=" particle swarm optimization"> particle swarm optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20algorithm" title=" genetic algorithm"> genetic algorithm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38259/cuckoo-search-optimization-for-black-scholes-option-pricing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38259.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">453</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Clinical and Laboratory Diagnosis of Malaria in Surat Thani, Southern Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manas%20Kotepui">Manas Kotepui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chatree%20Ratcha"> Chatree Ratcha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kwuntida%20Uthaisar"> Kwuntida Uthaisar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Malaria infection is still to be considered a major public health problem in Thailand. This study, a retrospective data of patients in Surat Thani Province, Southern Thailand during 2012-2015 was retrieved and analyzed. These data include demographic data, clinical characteristics and laboratory diagnosis. Statistical analyses were performed to demonstrate the frequency, proportion, data tendency, and group comparisons. Total of 395 malaria patients were found. Most of patients were male (253 cases, 64.1%). Most of patients (262 cases, 66.3%) were admitted at 6 am-11.59 am of the day. Three hundred and fifty-five patients (97.5%) were positive with P. falciparum. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, and MCHC between P. falciparum and P. vivax were significant different (P value<0.05).During 2012-2015, prevalence of malaria was highest in 2013. Neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes were significantly changed among patients with fever ≤ 3 days compared with patients with fever >3 days. This information will guide to understanding pathogenesis and characteristic of malaria infection in Sothern Thailand. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prevalence" title="prevalence">prevalence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=malaria" title=" malaria"> malaria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Surat%20Thani" title=" Surat Thani"> Surat Thani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thailand" title=" Thailand"> Thailand</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56407/clinical-and-laboratory-diagnosis-of-malaria-in-surat-thani-southern-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56407.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">276</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Vulnerable Paths Assessment for Distributed Denial of Service Attacks in a Cloud Computing Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manas%20Tripathi">Manas Tripathi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arunabha%20Mukhopadhyay"> Arunabha Mukhopadhyay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Cloud computing environment, cloud servers, sometimes may crash after receiving huge amount of request and cloud services may stop which can create huge loss to users of that cloud services. This situation is called Denial of Service (DoS) attack. In Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack, an attacker targets multiple network paths by compromising various vulnerable systems (zombies) and floods the victim with huge amount of request through these zombies. There are many solutions to mitigate this challenge but most of the methods allows the attack traffic to arrive at Cloud Service Provider (CSP) and then only takes actions against mitigation. Here in this paper we are rather focusing on preventive mechanism to deal with these attacks. We analyze network topology and find most vulnerable paths beforehand without waiting for the traffic to arrive at CSP. We have used Dijkstra's and Yen’s algorithm. Finally, risk assessment of these paths can be done by multiplying the probabilities of attack for these paths with the potential loss. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cloud%20computing" title="cloud computing">cloud computing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DDoS" title=" DDoS"> DDoS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dijkstra" title=" Dijkstra"> Dijkstra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yen%E2%80%99s%20k-shortest%20path" title=" Yen’s k-shortest path"> Yen’s k-shortest path</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20security" title=" network security"> network security</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39915/vulnerable-paths-assessment-for-distributed-denial-of-service-attacks-in-a-cloud-computing-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39915.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">278</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Analysis of Compressive and Tensile Response of Pumpkin Flesh, Peel and Unpeeled Tissues Using Experimental and FEA</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Shirmohammadi">Maryam Shirmohammadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prasad%20K.%20D.%20V.%20Yarlagadda"> Prasad K. D. V. Yarlagadda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=YuanTong%20Gu"> YuanTong Gu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The mechanical damage on the agricultural crop during and after harvesting can create high volume of damage on tissue. Uniaxial compression and tensile loading were performed on flesh and peel samples of pumpkin. To investigate the structural changes on the tissue, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to capture the cellular structure change before and after loading on tissue for tensile, compression and indentation tests. To obtain required mechanical properties of tissue for the finite element analysis (FEA) model, laser measurement sensors were used to record the lateral displacement of tissue under the compression loading. Uniaxial force versus deformation data were recorded using Universal Testing Machine for both tensile and compression tests. The experimental Results were employed to develop a material model with failure criteria. The results obtained by the simulation were compared with those obtained by experiments. Note that although modelling food materials’ behaviour is not a new concept however, majority of previous studies focused on elastic behaviour and damages under linear limit, this study, however, has developed FEA models for tensile and compressive loading of pumpkin flesh and peel samples using, as the first study, both elastic and elasto-plastic material types. In addition, pumpkin peel and flesh tissues were considered as two different materials with different properties under mechanical loadings. The tensile and compression loadings were used to develop the material model for a composite structure for FEA model of mechanical peeling of pumpkin as a tough skinned vegetable. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressive%20and%20tensile%20response" title="compressive and tensile response">compressive and tensile response</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20analysis" title=" finite element analysis"> finite element analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poisson%E2%80%99s%20ratio" title=" poisson’s ratio"> poisson’s ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastic%20modulus" title=" elastic modulus"> elastic modulus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastic%20and%20plastic%20response" title=" elastic and plastic response"> elastic and plastic response</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rupture%20and%20bio-yielding" title=" rupture and bio-yielding"> rupture and bio-yielding</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41891/analysis-of-compressive-and-tensile-response-of-pumpkin-flesh-peel-and-unpeeled-tissues-using-experimental-and-fea" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41891.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">331</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Endeavor to Develop Immunological and Hematological Early Diagnostic Marker to Check the Conversion of Asymptomatic to Symptomatic Visceral Leishmaniasis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roshan%20Kamal%20Topno">Roshan Kamal Topno</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maneesh%20Kumar"> Maneesh Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manas%20Ranjan%20Dikhit"> Manas Ranjan Dikhit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Krishna%20Pandey"> Krishna Pandey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Major%20Madhukar"> Major Madhukar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vidhya%20Nand%20Rabidas"> Vidhya Nand Rabidas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vahab%20Ali"> Vahab Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ganesh%20Chandra%20Sahoo"> Ganesh Chandra Sahoo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bhawana"> Bhawana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Devendra%20Prasad%20Yadav"> Devendra Prasad Yadav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rishikesh%20Kumar"> Rishikesh Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pradeep%20Das"> Pradeep Das</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A diagnostic marker for asymptomatic subject becomes a crucial need for advocating early prophylactic majors to control protozoal infection. The main issue in epidemiological affected regions is the presence of an asymptomatic individual that might potentially convert to a symptomatic visceral leishmaniasis (VL). The epidemiological study has been conducted at highly VL endemic Moriyama village in Patna district, Bihar, India that covers total population of 1540 individuals. Here, 1104(74.02%) people had been randomly screened and only 46 (4.17%) asymptomatic individuals were found sero-positive by the rK39 test. After taking signed informed consent form, blood samples were collected from 46 asymptomatic subjects for further hematological and immunological tests. Total leukocyte count, hemoglobin (gm%), neutrophil, lymphocyte, platelet count and interleukin-10 (IL-10) had been included as diagnostic markers. Interestingly only 5 (10.86%) individuals showed their asymptomatic conversion into symptomatic VL patients during quarterly surveillance. In overall analysis only two markers are suggestive for disease conversion that is hemoglobin (gm%) and IL-10. In all the infected patients, both the mean decrease in hemoglobin and mean increase of IL-10 was 19.23% from its normal value. The results might suggest that hematological and immunological changes would become helpful for early diagnosis of asymptomatic to symptomatic VL conversion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asymptomatic" title="asymptomatic">asymptomatic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epidemiological" title=" epidemiological"> epidemiological</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=symptomatic%20visceral%20leishmaniasis" title=" symptomatic visceral leishmaniasis"> symptomatic visceral leishmaniasis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hemoglobin%20%28gm%25%29" title=" hemoglobin (gm%)"> hemoglobin (gm%)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interleukin-10" title=" interleukin-10"> interleukin-10</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diagnosis" title=" diagnosis"> diagnosis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99701/endeavor-to-develop-immunological-and-hematological-early-diagnostic-marker-to-check-the-conversion-of-asymptomatic-to-symptomatic-visceral-leishmaniasis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99701.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">209</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Seroprevalence of Herpes Simplex Virus and Rubella Confection in Tropical Regions in Bihar, India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bhawana">Bhawana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roshan%20Kamal%20Topno"> Roshan Kamal Topno</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maneesh%20Kumar"> Maneesh Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Major%20Madhukar"> Major Madhukar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Krishna%20Pandey"> Krishna Pandey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ganesh%20Chandra%20Sahoo"> Ganesh Chandra Sahoo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manas%20Ranjan%20Dikhit"> Manas Ranjan Dikhit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Surya%20Suman"> Surya Suman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Devendra%20Prasad%20Yadav"> Devendra Prasad Yadav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rishikesh%20Kumar"> Rishikesh Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pradeep%20Das"> Pradeep Das</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Viral co-infection is now very common across taxa and environments that are involved in congenital infections. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) and Rubella are the two serious viral infections, well categorized in TORCH Syndrome. Here we had endeavoured the seroprevalence of co-infection of HSV and Rubella. Systematic tests have been performed to check the virulence pattern of the co-infection. The study was conducted at Department of Virology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (ICMR), Patna, Bihar, India during January 2018-July 2018. 299 newly cases were attended with the sign and symptoms of HSV and Rubella. After taking written consent forms from all the subjects, blood samples were collected for serological detection. ELISA was performed to detect the presence of IgM antibody level. 12 patients were found to be IgM positive from each HSV and Rubella infection. The findings of our study showed that 6 patients were positive for both HSV and rubella and hence were co-infected. Such co-infection causes severe health problems as it leads to the mortality rate of the patients during viral infectivity. Epidemiologically, proper screening should be needed to check any chance of occurrence of such co-infection in the affected regions in large scale and take suitable preventive approach to decrease the case totality. Concern has to be given to aid proper diagnosis and treatment in order to decrease the spread of HSV and Rubella co-infection. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HSV" title="HSV">HSV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rubella" title=" Rubella"> Rubella</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seroprevalence" title=" seroprevalence"> seroprevalence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=co-infection" title=" co-infection"> co-infection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ELISA" title=" ELISA"> ELISA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=viral%20infectivity" title=" viral infectivity"> viral infectivity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99788/seroprevalence-of-herpes-simplex-virus-and-rubella-confection-in-tropical-regions-in-bihar-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99788.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">214</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> How Autonomous Vehicles Transform Urban Policies and Cities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adri%C3%A1n%20P.%20G%C3%B3mez%20Ma%C3%B1as">Adrián P. Gómez Mañas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Autonomous vehicles have already transformed urban policies and cities. This is the main assumption of our research, which aims to understand how the representations of the possible arrival of autonomous vehicles already transform priorities or actions in transport and more largely, urban policies. This research is done within the framework of a Ph.D. doctorate directed by Professor Xavier Desjardins at the Sorbonne University of Paris. Our hypotheses are: (i) the perspectives, representations, and imaginaries on autonomous vehicles already affect the stakeholders of urban policies; (ii) the discourses on the opportunities or threats of autonomous vehicles reflect the current strategies of the stakeholders. Each stakeholder tries to integrate a discourse on autonomous vehicles that allows them to change as little as possible their current tactics and strategies. The objective is to eventually make a comparison between three different cases: Paris, United Arab Emirates, and Bogota. We chose those territories because their contexts are very different, but they all have important interests in mobility and innovation, and they all have started to reflect on the subject of self-driving mobility. The main methodology used is to interview actors of the metropolitan area (local officials, leading urban and transport planners, influent experts, and private companies). This work is supplemented with conferences, official documents, press articles, and websites. The objective is to understand: 1) What they know about autonomous vehicles and where does their knowledge come from; 2) What they expect from autonomous vehicles; 3) How their ideas about autonomous vehicles are transforming their action and strategy in managing daily mobility, investing in transport, designing public spaces and urban planning. We are going to present the research and some preliminary results; we will show that autonomous vehicles are often viewed by public authorities as a lever to reach something else. We will also present that speeches are very influenced by local context (political, geographical, economic, etc.), creating an interesting balance between global and local influences. We will analyze the differences and similarities between the three cases and will try to understand which are the causes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autonomous%20vehicles" title="autonomous vehicles">autonomous vehicles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-driving%20mobility" title=" self-driving mobility"> self-driving mobility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20planning" title=" urban planning"> urban planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20mobility" title=" urban mobility"> urban mobility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transport" title=" transport"> transport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20policies" title=" public policies"> public policies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129041/how-autonomous-vehicles-transform-urban-policies-and-cities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129041.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">198</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> The Abnormality of Blood Cells Parasitized by Plasmodium vivax</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manas%20%20Kotepui">Manas Kotepui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kwuntida%20Uthaisar"> Kwuntida Uthaisar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phiman%20%20Thirarattanasunthon"> Phiman Thirarattanasunthon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bhukdee%20%20PhunPhuech"> Bhukdee PhunPhuech</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nuoil%20%20Phiwklam"> Nuoil Phiwklam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Malaria due to Plasmodium vivax has placed huge burdens on the health, longevity, and general prosperity of large sections of the human population. This study aimed at prospectively collecting information on the clinical profile of Plasmodium vivax from subjects acutely infected with P. vivax residing in some of the highest malaria transmission regions in Thailand. Methods: A retrospective study of malaria cases, hospitalized between 2013 and 2015 was performed. Clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and parasitological results on admission, age, and gender were mined from medical records at Phop Phra Hospital located in endemic areas of Tak Province, Thailand. Venous blood samples were collected at the time of admission to the hospital to determine the present of parasite and also parasite count by thick and thin film examination, and also Complete blood count (CBC) parameters. Results: Results showed that patients infected with Plasmodium vivax (276 cases) had a high monocyte count (mean=390 cells/µL) during initial stage of infection and continuously lower during later stage (any stage with gametocyte, mean=230 cells/µL) of infection (P value=0.021) whereas, patients infected with Plasmodium vivax had a low basophil count (mean=20 cells/µL) during initial stage of infection and continuously higher during later stage of infection (mean at stage with gametocyte=70 cells/µL) (P value=0.033). In addition, patients with more than one stage infection tend to have lower lymphocyte count (mean=1180 cells/µL) than patients with only one stage infection (mean=1350 cells/µL)(P value=0.011) whereas, patients with more than one stage infection tend to have lower basophil count (mean=60 cells/µL) than patients with only one stage infection (mean=80 cells/µL) (P value=0.01). Conclusion: This study indicated that patients infected with Plasmodium vivax had high monocyte count and low basophil count during initial stage of infection which was continuously lower during later stage of infection. Patients with more than one stage infection tend to have lower lymphocyte count than patients with only one stage infection whereas, patients with more than one stage infection tend to have lower basophil count than patients with only one stage infection. This information contributes to better understanding of pathological characteristic of Plasmodium vivax infection. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasmodium%20vivax" title="plasmodium vivax">plasmodium vivax</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thailand" title=" Thailand"> Thailand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asexual%20erythrocytic%20stages" title=" asexual erythrocytic stages"> asexual erythrocytic stages</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hematological%20parameters" title=" hematological parameters "> hematological parameters </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56781/the-abnormality-of-blood-cells-parasitized-by-plasmodium-vivax" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56781.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">212</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Evolutionary Prediction of the Viral RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase of Chandipura vesiculovirus and Related Viral Species </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maneesh%20Kumar">Maneesh Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roshan%20Kamal%20Topno"> Roshan Kamal Topno</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manas%20Ranjan%20Dikhit"> Manas Ranjan Dikhit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vahab%20Ali"> Vahab Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ganesh%20Chandra%20Sahoo"> Ganesh Chandra Sahoo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bhawana"> Bhawana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Major%20Madhukar"> Major Madhukar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rishikesh%20Kumar"> Rishikesh Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Krishna%20Pandey"> Krishna Pandey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pradeep%20Das"> Pradeep Das</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Chandipura vesiculovirus is an emerging (-) ssRNA viral entity belonging to the genus Vesiculovirus of the family Rhabdoviridae, associated with fatal encephalitis in tropical regions. The multi-functionally active viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (vRdRp) that has been incorporated with conserved amino acid residues in the pathogens, assigned to synthesize distinct viral polypeptides. The lack of proofreading ability of the vRdRp produces many mutated variants. Here, we have performed the evolutionary analysis of 20 viral protein sequences of vRdRp of different strains of Chandipura vesiculovirus along with other viral species from genus Vesiculovirus inferred in MEGA6.06, employing the Neighbour-Joining method. The p-distance algorithmic method has been used to calculate the optimum tree which showed the sum of branch length of about 1.436. The percentage of replicate trees in which the associated taxa are clustered together in the bootstrap test (1000 replicates), is shown next to the branches. No mutation was observed in the Indian strains of Chandipura vesiculovirus. In vRdRp, 1230(His) and 1231(Arg) are actively participated in catalysis and, are found conserved in different strains of Chandipura vesiculovirus. Both amino acid residues were also conserved in the other viral species from genus Vesiculovirus. Many isolates exhibited maximum number of mutations in catalytic regions in strains of Chandipura vesiculovirus at position 26(Ser→Ala), 47 (Ser→Ala), 90(Ser→Tyr), 172(Gly→Ile, Val), 172(Ser→Tyr), 387(Asn→Ser), 1301(Thr→Ala), 1330(Ala→Glu), 2015(Phe→Ser) and 2065(Thr→Val) which make them variants under different tropical conditions from where they evolved. The result clarifies the actual concept of RNA evolution using vRdRp to develop as an evolutionary marker. Although, a limited number of vRdRp protein sequence similarities for Chandipura vesiculovirus and other species. This might endow with possibilities to identify the virulence level during viral multiplication in a host. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chandipura" title="Chandipura">Chandipura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%28-%29%20ssRNA" title=" (-) ssRNA"> (-) ssRNA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=viral%20RNA-dependent%20RNA%20polymerase" title=" viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase"> viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neighbour-joining%20method" title=" neighbour-joining method"> neighbour-joining method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=p-distance%20algorithmic" title=" p-distance algorithmic"> p-distance algorithmic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evolutionary%20marker" title=" evolutionary marker"> evolutionary marker</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99638/evolutionary-prediction-of-the-viral-rna-dependent-rna-polymerase-of-chandipura-vesiculovirus-and-related-viral-species" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99638.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">197</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> An Evolutionary Approach for Automated Optimization and Design of Vivaldi Antennas</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sahithi%20Yarlagadda">Sahithi Yarlagadda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The design of antenna is constrained by mathematical and geometrical parameters. Though there are diverse antenna structures with wide range of feeds yet, there are many geometries to be tried, which cannot be customized into predefined computational methods. The antenna design and optimization qualify to apply evolutionary algorithmic approach since the antenna parameters weights dependent on geometric characteristics directly. The evolutionary algorithm can be explained simply for a given quality function to be maximized. We can randomly create a set of candidate solutions, elements of the function's domain, and apply the quality function as an abstract fitness measure. Based on this fitness, some of the better candidates are chosen to seed the next generation by applying recombination and permutation to them. In conventional approach, the quality function is unaltered for any iteration. But the antenna parameters and geometries are wide to fit into single function. So, the weight coefficients are obtained for all possible antenna electrical parameters and geometries; the variation is learnt by mining the data obtained for an optimized algorithm. The weight and covariant coefficients of corresponding parameters are logged for learning and future use as datasets. This paper drafts an approach to obtain the requirements to study and methodize the evolutionary approach to automated antenna design for our past work on Vivaldi antenna as test candidate. The antenna parameters like gain, directivity, etc. are directly caged by geometries, materials, and dimensions. The design equations are to be noted here and valuated for all possible conditions to get maxima and minima for given frequency band. The boundary conditions are thus obtained prior to implementation, easing the optimization. The implementation mainly aimed to study the practical computational, processing, and design complexities that incur while simulations. HFSS is chosen for simulations and results. MATLAB is used to generate the computations, combinations, and data logging. MATLAB is also used to apply machine learning algorithms and plotting the data to design the algorithm. The number of combinations is to be tested manually, so HFSS API is used to call HFSS functions from MATLAB itself. MATLAB parallel processing tool box is used to run multiple simulations in parallel. The aim is to develop an add-in to antenna design software like HFSS, CSTor, a standalone application to optimize pre-identified common parameters of wide range of antennas available. In this paper, we have used MATLAB to calculate Vivaldi antenna parameters like slot line characteristic impedance, impedance of stripline, slot line width, flare aperture size, dielectric and K means, and Hamming window are applied to obtain the best test parameters. HFSS API is used to calculate the radiation, bandwidth, directivity, and efficiency, and data is logged for applying the Evolutionary genetic algorithm in MATLAB. The paper demonstrates the computational weights and Machine Learning approach for automated antenna optimizing for Vivaldi antenna. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title="machine learning">machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vivaldi" title=" Vivaldi"> Vivaldi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evolutionary%20algorithm" title=" evolutionary algorithm"> evolutionary algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20algorithm" title=" genetic algorithm"> genetic algorithm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130585/an-evolutionary-approach-for-automated-optimization-and-design-of-vivaldi-antennas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130585.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">110</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Impact of Microwave and Air Velocity on Drying Kinetics and Rehydration of Potato Slices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Caiyun%20Liu">Caiyun Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Hernandez-Manas"> A. Hernandez-Manas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Grimi"> N. Grimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Vorobiev"> E. Vorobiev</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Drying is one of the most used methods for food preservation, which extend shelf life of food and makes their transportation, storage and packaging easier and more economic. The commonly dried method is hot air drying. However, its disadvantages are low energy efficiency and long drying times. Because of the high temperature during the hot air drying, the undesirable changes in pigments, vitamins and flavoring agents occur which result in degradation of the quality parameters of the product. Drying process can also cause shrinkage, case hardening, dark color, browning, loss of nutrients and others. Recently, new processes were developed in order to avoid these problems. For example, the application of pulsed electric field provokes cell membrane permeabilisation, which increases the drying kinetics and moisture diffusion coefficient. Microwave drying technology has also several advantages over conventional hot air drying, such as higher drying rates and thermal efficiency, shorter drying time, significantly improved product quality and nutritional value. Rehydration kinetics of dried product is a very important characteristic of dried products. Current research has indicated that the rehydration ratio and the coefficient of rehydration are dependent on the processing conditions of drying. The present study compares the efficiency of two processes (1: room temperature air drying, 2: microwave/air drying) in terms of drying rate, product quality and rehydration ratio. In this work, potato slices (≈2.2g) with a thickness of 2 mm and diameter of 33mm were placed in the microwave chamber and dried. Drying kinetics and drying rates of different methods were determined. The process parameters included inlet air velocity (1 m/s, 1.5 m/s, 2 m/s) and microwave power (50 W, 100 W, 200 W and 250 W) were studied. The evolution of temperature during microwave drying was measured. The drying power had a strong effect on drying rate, and the microwave-air drying resulted in 93% decrease in the drying time when the air velocity was 2 m/s and the power of microwave was 250 W. Based on Lewis model, drying rate constants (kDR) were determined. It was observed an increase from kDR=0.0002 s-1 to kDR=0.0032 s-1 of air velocity of 2 m/s and microwave/air (at 2m/s and 250W) respectively. The effective moisture diffusivity was calculated by using Fick's law. The results show an increase of effective moisture diffusivity from 7.52×10-11 to 2.64×10-9 m2.s-1 for air velocity of 2 m/s and microwave/air (at 2m/s and 250W) respectively. The temperature of the potato slices increased for higher microwaves power, but decreased for higher air velocity. The rehydration ratio, defined as the weight of the the sample after rehydration per the weight of dried sample, was determined at different water temperatures (25℃, 50℃, 75℃). The rehydration ratio increased with the water temperature and reached its maximum at the following conditions: 200 W for the microwave power, 2 m/s for the air velocity and 75°C for the water temperature. The present study shows the interest of microwave drying for the food preservation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drying" title="drying">drying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microwave" title=" microwave"> microwave</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potato" title=" potato"> potato</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rehydration" title=" rehydration"> rehydration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59176/impact-of-microwave-and-air-velocity-on-drying-kinetics-and-rehydration-of-potato-slices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59176.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">270</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Real-Space Mapping of Surface Trap States in Cigse Nanocrystals Using 4D Electron Microscopy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Riya%20Bose">Riya Bose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashok%20Bera"> Ashok Bera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manas%20R.%20Parida"> Manas R. Parida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anirudhha%20Adhikari"> Anirudhha Adhikari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Basamat%20S.%20Shaheen"> Basamat S. Shaheen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erkki%20Alarousu"> Erkki Alarousu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jingya%20Sun"> Jingya Sun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tom%20Wu"> Tom Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Osman%20M.%20Bakr"> Osman M. Bakr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omar%20F.%20Mohammed"> Omar F. Mohammed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work reports visualization of charge carrier dynamics on the surface of copper indium gallium selenide (CIGSe) nanocrystals in real space and time using four-dimensional scanning ultrafast electron microscopy (4D S-UEM) and correlates it with the optoelectronic properties of the nanocrystals. The surface of the nanocrystals plays a key role in controlling their applicability for light emitting and light harvesting purposes. Typically for quaternary systems like CIGSe, which have many desirable attributes to be used for optoelectronic applications, relative abundance of surface trap states acting as non-radiative recombination centre for charge carriers remains as a major bottleneck preventing further advancements and commercial exploitation of these nanocrystals devices. Though ultrafast spectroscopic techniques allow determining the presence of picosecond carrier trapping channels, because of relative larger penetration depth of the laser beam, only information mainly from the bulk of the nanocrystals is obtained. Selective mapping of such ultrafast dynamical processes on the surfaces of nanocrystals remains as a key challenge, so far out of reach of purely optical probing time-resolved laser techniques. In S-UEM, the optical pulse generated from a femtosecond (fs) laser system is used to generate electron packets from the tip of the scanning electron microscope, instead of the continuous electron beam used in the conventional setup. This pulse is synchronized with another optical excitation pulse that initiates carrier dynamics in the sample. The principle of S-UEM is to detect the secondary electrons (SEs) generated in the sample, which is emitted from the first few nanometers of the top surface. Constructed at different time delays between the optical and electron pulses, these SE images give direct and precise information about the carrier dynamics on the surface of the material of interest. In this work, we report selective mapping of surface dynamics in real space and time of CIGSe nanocrystals applying 4D S-UEM. We show that the trap states can be considerably passivated by ZnS shelling of the nanocrystals, and the carrier dynamics can be significantly slowed down. We also compared and discussed the S-UEM kinetics with the carrier dynamics obtained from conventional ultrafast time-resolved techniques. Additionally, a direct effect of the state trap removal can be observed in the enhanced photoresponse of the nanocrystals after shelling. Direct observation of surface dynamics will not only provide a profound understanding of the photo-physical mechanisms on nanocrystals’ surfaces but also enable to unlock their full potential for light emitting and harvesting applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=4D%20scanning%20ultrafast%20microscopy" title="4D scanning ultrafast microscopy">4D scanning ultrafast microscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=charge%20carrier%20dynamics" title=" charge carrier dynamics"> charge carrier dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocrystals" title=" nanocrystals"> nanocrystals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optoelectronics" title=" optoelectronics"> optoelectronics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20passivation" title=" surface passivation"> surface passivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trap%20states" title=" trap states"> trap states</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52428/real-space-mapping-of-surface-trap-states-in-cigse-nanocrystals-using-4d-electron-microscopy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52428.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">295</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" 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