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Capacidá calorífica - Wikipedia

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vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Conteníu</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mover a la barra llateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">despintar</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Entamu</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Antecedentes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antecedentes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Antecedentes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antecedentes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Midida_de_la_capacidá_calorífica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Midida_de_la_capacidá_calorífica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Midida de la capacidá calorífica</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Midida_de_la_capacidá_calorífica-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Alternar subsección Midida de la capacidá calorífica</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Midida_de_la_capacidá_calorífica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Planteamientu_formal_de_capacidá_calorífica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Planteamientu_formal_de_capacidá_calorífica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Planteamientu formal de capacidá calorífica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Planteamientu_formal_de_capacidá_calorífica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Capacidaes_calorífiques_de_sólidos_y_gases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Capacidaes_calorífiques_de_sólidos_y_gases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Capacidaes calorífiques de sólidos y gases</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Capacidaes_calorífiques_de_sólidos_y_gases-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Alternar subsección Capacidaes calorífiques de sólidos y gases</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Capacidaes_calorífiques_de_sólidos_y_gases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Capacidá_calorífica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Capacidá_calorífica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Capacidá calorífica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Capacidá_calorífica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Calor_sensible" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Calor_sensible"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Calor sensible</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Calor_sensible-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conductividá_térmica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conductividá_térmica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Conductividá térmica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conductividá_térmica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gas_monoatómico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gas_monoatómico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Gas monoatómico</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gas_monoatómico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gas_diatómico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gas_diatómico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Gas diatómico</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gas_diatómico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gases_poliatómicos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gases_poliatómicos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Gases poliatómicos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gases_poliatómicos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sólidos_cristalinos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sólidos_cristalinos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Sólidos cristalinos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sólidos_cristalinos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Calor_específico_y_capacidá_calorífica_de_dellos_materiales" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Calor_específico_y_capacidá_calorífica_de_dellos_materiales"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Calor específico y capacidá calorífica de dellos materiales</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Calor_específico_y_capacidá_calorífica_de_dellos_materiales-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Capacidá_calorífica_de_los_elementos_químicos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Capacidá_calorífica_de_los_elementos_químicos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Capacidá calorífica de los elementos químicos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Capacidá_calorífica_de_los_elementos_químicos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ver_tamién" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ver_tamién"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Ver tamién</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ver_tamién-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referencies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referencies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Referencies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referencies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Conteníu" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambiar a la tabla de contenidos" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Cambiar a la tabla de contenidos</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Capacidá calorífica</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir a un artículo en otro idioma. Disponible en 71 idiomas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-71" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">71 llingües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warmtekapasiteit" title="Warmtekapasiteit – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Warmtekapasiteit" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="سعة حرارية – árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سعة حرارية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0stilik_tutumu" title="İstilik tutumu – azerbaixanu" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İstilik tutumu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaixanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%A4rmekapazit%C3%A4t" title="Wärmekapazität – bávaru" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Wärmekapazität" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bávaru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%91%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Цеплаёмістасць – bielorrusu" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Цеплаёмістасць" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Топлинен капацитет – búlgaru" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Топлинен капацитет" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA_%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC" title="তাপ ধারকত্ব – bengalín" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তাপ ধারকত্ব" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toplotni_kapacitet" title="Toplotni kapacitet – bosniu" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Toplotni kapacitet" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitat_t%C3%A8rmica" title="Capacitat tèrmica – catalán" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Capacitat tèrmica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="فراوانی گەرمی تایبەتی – kurdu central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="فراوانی گەرمی تایبەتی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdu central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tepeln%C3%A1_kapacita" title="Tepelná kapacita – checu" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tepelná kapacita" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%82%D1%88%C4%83_%D1%88%C4%83%D0%BD%C4%83%C3%A7%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%C4%83%D1%88" title="Ăшă шăнăçтарăш – chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ăшă шăнăçтарăш" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varmekapacitet" title="Varmekapacitet – danés" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Varmekapacitet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%A4rmekapazit%C3%A4t" title="Wärmekapazität – alemán" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wärmekapazität" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%98%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%87%CF%89%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Θερμοχωρητικότητα – griegu" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Θερμοχωρητικότητα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="griegu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_capacity" title="Heat capacity – inglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Heat capacity" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varmokapacito" title="Varmokapacito – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Varmokapacito" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacidad_calor%C3%ADfica" title="Capacidad calorífica – español" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Capacidad calorífica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="español" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soojusmahtuvus" title="Soojusmahtuvus – estoniu" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Soojusmahtuvus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bero-ahalmen" title="Bero-ahalmen – vascu" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bero-ahalmen" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="vascu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B8%D8%B1%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%AA_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="ظرفیت گرمایی – persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ظرفیت گرمایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A4mp%C3%B6kapasiteetti" title="Lämpökapasiteetti – finlandés" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lämpökapasiteetti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacit%C3%A9_thermique" title="Capacité thermique – francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Capacité thermique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toilleadh_teasa" title="Toilleadh teasa – irlandés" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Toilleadh teasa" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacidade_calor%C3%ADfica" title="Capacidade calorífica – gallegu" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Capacidade calorífica" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallegu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9C_%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9D" title="קיבול חום – hebréu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קיבול חום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebréu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8A%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="ऊष्मा धारिता – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ऊष्मा धारिता" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toplinski_kapacitet" title="Toplinski kapacitet – croata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Toplinski kapacitet" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chal%C3%A8_espesifik" title="Chalè espesifik – haitianu" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Chalè espesifik" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitianu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C5%91kapacit%C3%A1s" title="Hőkapacitás – húngaru" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hőkapacitás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Ջերմունակություն – armeniu" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջերմունակություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapasitas_kalor" title="Kapasitas kalor – indonesiu" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kapasitas kalor" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varmar%C3%BDmd" title="Varmarýmd – islandés" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Varmarýmd" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacit%C3%A0_termica" title="Capacità termica – italianu" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Capacità termica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italianu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%AE%B9%E9%87%8F" title="熱容量 – xaponés" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="熱容量" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="xaponés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="თბოტევადობა – xeorxanu" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="თბოტევადობა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="xeorxanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%83_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B" title="Жылу сыйымдылығы – kazaquistanín" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жылу сыйымдылығы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaquistanín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%B4%EC%9A%A9%EB%9F%89" title="열용량 – coreanu" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="열용량" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BA_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%83" title="Жылуулук сыйымдуулугу – kirguistanín" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Жылуулук сыйымдуулугу" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguistanín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0ilumin%C4%97_talpa" title="Šiluminė talpa – lituanu" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Šiluminė talpa" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siltumietilp%C4%ABba" title="Siltumietilpība – letón" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Siltumietilpība" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letón" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Топлински капацитет – macedoniu" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Топлински капацитет" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoniu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4" title="താപധാരിത – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="താപധാരിത" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muatan_haba" title="Muatan haba – malayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Muatan haba" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warmtecapaciteit" title="Warmtecapaciteit – neerlandés" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Warmtecapaciteit" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varmekapasitet" title="Varmekapasitet – noruegu Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Varmekapasitet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruegu Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varmekapasitet" title="Varmekapasitet – noruegu Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Varmekapasitet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruegu Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitat_termica" title="Capacitat termica – occitanu" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Capacitat termica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pojemno%C5%9B%C4%87_cieplna" title="Pojemność cieplna – polacu" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pojemność cieplna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacidade_t%C3%A9rmica" title="Capacidade térmica – portugués" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Capacidade térmica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitate_termic%C4%83" title="Capacitate termică – rumanu" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Capacitate termică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%91%D0%BC%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Теплоёмкость – rusu" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Теплоёмкость" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toplinski_kapacitet" title="Toplinski kapacitet – serbo-croata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Toplinski kapacitet" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_capacity" title="Heat capacity – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Heat capacity" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tepeln%C3%A1_kapacita" title="Tepelná kapacita – eslovacu" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tepelná kapacita" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovacu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toplotna_kapaciteta" title="Toplotna kapaciteta – eslovenu" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Toplotna kapaciteta" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovenu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapaciteti_p%C3%ABr_ngrohje" title="Kapaciteti për ngrohje – albanu" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kapaciteti për ngrohje" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toplotni_kapacitet" title="Toplotni kapacitet – serbiu" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Toplotni kapacitet" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A4rmekapacitet" title="Värmekapacitet – suecu" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Värmekapacitet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suecu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88" title="வெப்பக் கொண்மை – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வெப்பக் கொண்மை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%89%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A3_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A5%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="ఉష్ణ సామర్థ్యం – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఉష్ణ సామర్థ్యం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BD%D2%B7%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%88" title="Гармигунҷоиш – taxiquistanín" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Гармигунҷоиш" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="taxiquistanín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0" title="ความร้อนจำเพาะ – tailandés" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ความร้อนจำเพาะ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Is%C4%B1_s%C4%B1%C4%9Fas%C4%B1" title="Isı sığası – turcu" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Isı sığası" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%96%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Җылысыешлык – tártaru" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Җылысыешлык" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tártaru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%94%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Теплоємність – ucraín" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Теплоємність" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C_%DA%AF%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B4" title="حرارتی گنجائش – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="حرارتی گنجائش" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nhi%E1%BB%87t_dung" title="Nhiệt dung – vietnamín" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhiệt dung" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E5%AE%B9%E9%87%8F" title="热容量 – chinu wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="热容量" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chinu wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%AE%B9%E9%87%8F" title="熱容量 – chinu" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="熱容量" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%AE%B9%E9%87%8F" title="熱容量 – cantonés" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="熱容量" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q179388#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar los enllaces d&#039;interllingua" class="wbc-editpage">Editar los enllaces</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espacios de nome"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Capacid%C3%A1_calor%C3%ADfica" title="Ver la páxina de conteníu [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Páxina</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ast" dir="ltr"><p>La <b>capacidá calorífica</b> o <b>capacidá térmica</b> d'un cuerpu ye'l cociente ente la cantidá d'<a href="/wiki/Calor" title="Calor">energía calorífica tresferida</a> a un cuerpu o sistema nun procesu cualesquier y el cambéu de temperatura qu'esperimenta. Nuna forma más rigorosa, ye la enerxía necesaria p'aumentar la temperatura d'una determinada sustancia nuna unidá de temperatura.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Indica la mayor o menor dificultá que presenta dichu cuerpu pa esperimentar cambeos de temperatura sol suministru de calor. Puede interpretase como una midida d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Inercia_t%C3%A9rmica&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Inercia térmica (la páxina nun esiste)">inercia térmica</a>. Ye una <a href="/w/index.php?title=Propied%C3%A1_estensiva&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Propiedá estensiva (la páxina nun esiste)">propiedá estensiva</a>, yá que la so magnitú depende, non solo de la sustancia, sinón tamién de la cantidá de materia del cuerpu o sistema; por ello, ye carauterística d'un cuerpu o sistema particular. Por casu, la capacidá calorífica de l'agua d'una piscina olímpica va ser mayor que la de l'agua d'un vasu. Polo xeneral, la capacidá calorífica depende amás de la temperatura y de la presión. </p><p>La capacidá calorífica (capacidá térmica) nun tien de ser confundida cola capacidá calorífica específica (capacidá térmica específica) o <a href="/wiki/Calor_espec%C3%ADfico" title="Calor específico">calor específico</a>, que ye la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Propied%C3%A1_intensiva&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Propiedá intensiva (la páxina nun esiste)">propiedá intensiva</a> que se refier a la capacidá d'un cuerpu «p'almacenar <a href="/wiki/Calor" title="Calor">calor</a>»,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> y ye'l cociente ente la capacidá calorífica y la masa del oxetu. El calor específico ye una propiedá carauterística de les sustancies y depende de les mesmes variables que la capacidá calorífica.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Antecedentes">Antecedentes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capacid%C3%A1_calor%C3%ADfica&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Editar seición: Antecedentes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capacid%C3%A1_calor%C3%ADfica&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Antecedentes"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Antes del desenvolvimientu de la <a href="/wiki/Termodin%C3%A1mica" title="Termodinámica">termodinámica</a> moderna, pensábase que'l calor yera un fluyíu invisible, conocíu como <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teor%C3%ADa_cal%C3%B3rica&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Teoría calórica (la páxina nun esiste)">calóricu</a></i>. Los cuerpos yeren capaces d'almacenar una cierta cantidá d'esi fluyíu, d'ende'l términu <i>capacidá calorífica</i>, nomada ya investigada per vegada primera pol químicu escocés <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Black&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Black (la páxina nun esiste)">Joseph Black</a> na década de 1750.<sup id="cite_ref-Laider_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Laider-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Na actualidá, la noción de <i>calóricu</i> foi sustituyida pola noción de la <a href="/wiki/Enerx%C3%ADa_interna" class="mw-redirect" title="Enerxía interna">enerxía interna</a> d'un sistema. Esto ye, el calor yá nun se considera un fluyíu si non una tresferencia d'enerxía desordenada. Sicasí, en munchos idiomes, la espresión <i>capacidá calórica</i> sobrevive anque n'otres úsase <i>capacidá térmica</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Midida_de_la_capacidá_calorífica"><span id="Midida_de_la_capacid.C3.A1_calor.C3.ADfica"></span>Midida de la capacidá calorífica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capacid%C3%A1_calor%C3%ADfica&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Editar seición: Midida de la capacidá calorífica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capacid%C3%A1_calor%C3%ADfica&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Midida de la capacidá calorífica"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pa midir la capacidá calorífica so unes determinaes condiciones ye necesariu comparar el calor absorbíu por una sustancia (o un sistema) cola medría de temperatura resultante. La capacidá calorífica vien dada por: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4219090">.mw-parser-output .ecuacion{padding:5px 10px;background-color:var(--background-color-base);color:var(--color-base);margin-left:30px;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.5em;min-width:50%}.mw-parser-output .ecuacion .referencia{float:right;width:10%;text-align:end}.mw-parser-output .ecuacion cite{font-style:normal}</style><blockquote class="ecuacion" style="text-align:left"> <p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle C=\lim _{\Delta T\to 0}{\frac {Q}{\Delta T}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>C</mi> <mo>=</mo> <munder> <mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">lim</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">&#x0394;<!-- Δ --></mi> <mi>T</mi> <mo stretchy="false">&#x2192;<!-- → --></mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </munder> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>Q</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">&#x0394;<!-- Δ --></mi> <mi>T</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle C=\lim _{\Delta T\to 0}{\frac {Q}{\Delta T}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b8020f004a01cc28490f5af9570bf2249e89b182" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:14.651ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle C=\lim _{\Delta T\to 0}{\frac {Q}{\Delta T}}}"></span> </p> </blockquote> <p>onde: </p> <ul><li><b>C</b> ye la <b>capacidá calorífica</b>, que polo xeneral va ser función de les variables d'estáu.</li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Q}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>Q</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Q}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8752c7023b4b3286800fe3238271bbca681219ed" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.838ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Q}"></span> ye'l <a href="/wiki/Calor" title="Calor">calor</a> absorbíu pol sistema.</li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Delta T}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">&#x0394;<!-- Δ --></mi> <mi>T</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Delta T}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e61e7deb9c7c7b7dda762b0935e757add2acc559" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.572ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Delta T}"></span> la variación de <a href="/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura">temperatura</a></li></ul> <p>Midir n'unidaes del <a href="/wiki/Sistema_Internacional_d%27Unidaes" class="mw-redirect" title="Sistema Internacional d&#39;Unidaes">SI</a> <a href="/wiki/Xuliu_(unid%C3%A1)" title="Xuliu (unidá)">xulios</a> por [[kilogramu]*[kelvin]] (J/kg·K) (o tamién en <a href="/wiki/Calor%C3%ADa" title="Caloría">cal</a>/<a href="/wiki/Grau_Celsius" title="Grau Celsius">°C</a>). </p><p>La capacidá calorífica (<i>C</i>) d'un sistema físicu depende de la cantidá de sustancia o masa de dichu sistema. Pa un sistema formáu por una sola sustancia homoxénea defínese amás el <b>calor específico</b> o <b>capacidá calorífica específica</b> (<i>c</i>) a partir de la rellación: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4219090"><blockquote class="ecuacion" style="text-align:left"> <p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle C={\frac {Q}{\Delta T}}=c\cdot m}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>C</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>Q</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">&#x0394;<!-- Δ --></mi> <mi>T</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mo>&#x22C5;<!-- ⋅ --></mo> <mi>m</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle C={\frac {Q}{\Delta T}}=c\cdot m}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/42580159afb3faa8512f48ddc205f710a3e6ddb1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:17.098ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle C={\frac {Q}{\Delta T}}=c\cdot m}"></span> </p> </blockquote> <p>onde: </p> <ul><li><i>C</i> ye la <b>capacidá calorífica</b> del cuerpu o sistema</li> <li><i>c</i> ye'l <b>calor específico</b> o <b>capacidá calorífica específica</b></li> <li><i>m</i> la <a href="/wiki/Masa" title="Masa">masa</a> de sustancia considerao</li></ul> <p>De les anteriores rellaciones ye fácil inferir que al aumentar la masa d'una sustancia, auméntase la so capacidá calorífica yá que aumenta la <a href="/wiki/Inercia" title="Inercia">inercia térmica</a>, y con ello aumenta la dificultá de la sustancia pa variar la so temperatura. Un exemplu d'esto puédese apreciar nes ciudaes costeres onde'l mar actúa como un gran termostatu regulando les variaciones de temperatura. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Planteamientu_formal_de_capacidá_calorífica"><span id="Planteamientu_formal_de_capacid.C3.A1_calor.C3.ADfica"></span>Planteamientu formal de capacidá calorífica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capacid%C3%A1_calor%C3%ADfica&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Editar seición: Planteamientu formal de capacidá calorífica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capacid%C3%A1_calor%C3%ADfica&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Planteamientu formal de capacidá calorífica"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sía un sistema termodinámicu nel estáu <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>A</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7daff47fa58cdfd29dc333def748ff5fa4c923e3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.743ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A}"></span>. Defínese la capacidá calorífica <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle C_{c}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>c</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle C_{c}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/671b82c8d748437191d28baaa2210758825b723c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.606ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle C_{c}}"></span> acomuñada a un procesu cuasiestático elemental <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle c}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>c</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle c}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/86a67b81c2de995bd608d5b2df50cd8cd7d92455" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.007ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle c}"></span> que parte de <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>A</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7daff47fa58cdfd29dc333def748ff5fa4c923e3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.743ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A}"></span> y remata nel estáu <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle B}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>B</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle B}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/47136aad860d145f75f3eed3022df827cee94d7a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.764ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle B}"></span> como la llende del cociente ente la cantidá de calor <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Q}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>Q</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Q}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8752c7023b4b3286800fe3238271bbca681219ed" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.838ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Q}"></span> absorbíu pol sistema y la medría de temperatura <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Delta T}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">&#x0394;<!-- Δ --></mi> <mi>T</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Delta T}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e61e7deb9c7c7b7dda762b0935e757add2acc559" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.572ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Delta T}"></span> qu'esperimenta cuando l'estáu final <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle B}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>B</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle B}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/47136aad860d145f75f3eed3022df827cee94d7a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.764ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle B}"></span> tiende a confundise col inicial <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>A</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7daff47fa58cdfd29dc333def748ff5fa4c923e3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.743ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A}"></span>. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4219090"><blockquote class="ecuacion" style="text-align:left"> <p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle C_{c}=\lim _{A\to B}\left({Q \over \Delta T}\right)_{c}=\sum _{i}q_{i}\left({dc_{i} \over dT}\right)=\left({{\bar {d}}Q \over dT}\right)_{c}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>c</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <munder> <mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">lim</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>A</mi> <mo stretchy="false">&#x2192;<!-- → --></mo> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </munder> <msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>Q</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">&#x0394;<!-- Δ --></mi> <mi>T</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>c</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <munder> <mo>&#x2211;<!-- ∑ --></mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </munder> <msub> <mi>q</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>T</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>d</mi> <mo stretchy="false">&#x00AF;<!-- ¯ --></mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mi>Q</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>T</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>c</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle C_{c}=\lim _{A\to B}\left({Q \over \Delta T}\right)_{c}=\sum _{i}q_{i}\left({dc_{i} \over dT}\right)=\left({{\bar {d}}Q \over dT}\right)_{c}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6ba1d31b15ff68bbd5e96da81e7d9c0ecfa3aaaf" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.005ex; width:47.052ex; height:6.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle C_{c}=\lim _{A\to B}\left({Q \over \Delta T}\right)_{c}=\sum _{i}q_{i}\left({dc_{i} \over dT}\right)=\left({{\bar {d}}Q \over dT}\right)_{c}}"></span> </p> </blockquote> <p>Onde <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle (c_{1}(T),\dots ,c_{n}(T))}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>,</mo> <mo>&#x2026;<!-- … --></mo> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle (c_{1}(T),\dots ,c_{n}(T))}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c565b06ca2252a7d0da7516c5fa858754eff5298" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:12.213ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle (c_{1}(T),\dots ,c_{n}(T))}"></span>, ye una curva parametrizada por aciu la temperatura, que representa'l camín siguíu nel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Espaciu_f%C3%A1sico&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Espaciu fásico (la páxina nun esiste)">espaciu fásico</a> mientres el procesu <i>c</i>. La capacidá calorífica ye, d'esta miente, una variable termodinámica y ta perfectamente definida en cada estáu d'equilibriu del sistema (el signu <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\bar {d}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>d</mi> <mo stretchy="false">&#x00AF;<!-- ¯ --></mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\bar {d}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f94d16b08a12f04eea5add65aee1857d911ef751" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.582ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\bar {d}}}"></span> indica que non una función Q que la so diferencial seya precisamente <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\bar {d}}Q}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>d</mi> <mo stretchy="false">&#x00AF;<!-- ¯ --></mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mi>Q</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\bar {d}}Q}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6a7c17176dcbbacbd573b2886b5073db7bca546a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.42ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\bar {d}}Q}"></span>, esto ye, trátase de <a href="/w/index.php?title=1-forma&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1-forma (la páxina nun esiste)">1-forma</a> non exacta). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Capacidaes_calorífiques_de_sólidos_y_gases"><span id="Capacidaes_calor.C3.ADfiques_de_s.C3.B3lidos_y_gases"></span>Capacidaes calorífiques de sólidos y gases</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capacid%C3%A1_calor%C3%ADfica&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Editar seición: Capacidaes calorífiques de sólidos y gases" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capacid%C3%A1_calor%C3%ADfica&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Capacidaes calorífiques de sólidos y gases"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La capacidá calorífica de los sólidos y gases depende, acordies con el teorema de <b>equipartición de la enerxía</b>, del númberu de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Graos_de_llibert%C3%A1_(f%C3%ADsica)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Graos de llibertá (física) (la páxina nun esiste)">graos de llibertá</a> que tien una molécula, como se va esplicar de siguío. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Capacidá_calorífica"><span id="Capacid.C3.A1_calor.C3.ADfica"></span>Capacidá calorífica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capacid%C3%A1_calor%C3%ADfica&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Editar seición: Capacidá calorífica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capacid%C3%A1_calor%C3%ADfica&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Capacidá calorífica"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ye la cantidá d'enerxía, en forma de calor, que gana o pierde un sistema por unidá de masa, por que se produza nél un cambéu de temperatura d'un grau, ensin qu'haya cambéu d'estáu. </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Cp=Q/m\Delta T}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>C</mi> <mi>p</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>Q</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">&#x0394;<!-- Δ --></mi> <mi>T</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Cp=Q/m\Delta T}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4842733017b63f4dc8790e4d11834a3584633c07" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:14.648ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Cp=Q/m\Delta T}"></span> </p><p>onde:<br /> </p> <dl><dd>Q ye'l calor ganao o perdíu en xulios o quiloxulios (kJ)<br /></dd> <dd>m ye la masa (kg),<br /></dd> <dd>ΔT ye'l cambéu na temperatura (K o °C)<br /></dd> <dd>Cp ye'l calor específico (kJ/kg °C) o (J/kg °C). El subíndice p significa "a presión constante".</dd></dl> <p>Na práutica, solo cuando se trabaya con gases ye necesariu estremar ente'l calor específico a presión constante y el calor específico a volume constante Cv.<sup id="cite_ref-Orrego_Alzate_1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Orrego_Alzate_1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Calor_sensible">Calor sensible</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capacid%C3%A1_calor%C3%ADfica&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Editar seición: Calor sensible" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capacid%C3%A1_calor%C3%ADfica&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Calor sensible"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ye'l conteníu calórico o nivel d'enerxía d'un material, referíu al que tien a una temperatura arbitrario nel qu'asigna nivel cero (xeneralmente –40&#160;°C pa productos conxelaos o 0&#160;°C pa otros sistemes). Utilízase enforma esti conceutu pal estudiu de los fenómenos térmicos de sustancies pures o gases como vapor y aire; nel casu de los alimentos tien el so mayor aplicabilidad pa los productos conxelaos. Les sos unidaes nel sistema SI son J/kg. </p><p> La cantidá de calor pa calecer o esfrecer un material dende una temperatura T1 hasta T2 ye </p><center> <p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Q=m(H_{2}-H_{1})}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>Q</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>m</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>&#x2212;<!-- − --></mo> <msub> <mi>H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Q=m(H_{2}-H_{1})}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/903916d7fcfc36b003f8861b822aa6476fc27d7a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:17.598ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Q=m(H_{2}-H_{1})}"></span> </p> </center> <p>pa m la masa del material; H2 y H1 les entalpías a les temperatures T2 y T1 respeutivamente<sup id="cite_ref-Orrego_Alzate_1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Orrego_Alzate_1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conductividá_térmica"><span id="Conductivid.C3.A1_t.C3.A9rmica"></span>Conductividá térmica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capacid%C3%A1_calor%C3%ADfica&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Editar seición: Conductividá térmica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capacid%C3%A1_calor%C3%ADfica&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Conductividá térmica"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La conductividá térmica <i>q</i> vien dada por: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4219090"><blockquote class="ecuacion" style="text-align:left"> <p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbf {q} =-ka{\boldsymbol {\nabla }}T}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">q</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mo>&#x2212;<!-- − --></mo> <mi>k</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">&#x2207;<!-- ∇ --></mi> </mrow> <mi>T</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbf {q} =-ka{\boldsymbol {\nabla }}T}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d104dc0efcf1ae4247936bb1da8175c93dac3dd8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:12.626ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbf {q} =-ka{\boldsymbol {\nabla }}T}"></span> </p> </blockquote> <p>onde: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\nabla }}T}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">&#x2207;<!-- ∇ --></mi> </mrow> <mi>T</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\nabla }}T}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/041d02c131f755d8660fafd0075e003c53de4907" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.862ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\nabla }}T}"></span> ye'l <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gradiente&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gradiente (la páxina nun esiste)">gradiente</a> de temperatura.</dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>k</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a5665cb00a844c1c6a671c119c6e4984d28fb851" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.598ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k\,}"></span> ye <a href="/wiki/Conductivid%C3%A1_t%C3%A9rmica" title="Conductividá térmica">conductividá térmica</a> que les sos unidaes son [W/(m·K)]. Los órdenes de magnitú de la conductividá térmica, según los distintos tipos de materiales, puede apreciase ente los siguientes valores:</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gas_monoatómico"><span id="Gas_monoat.C3.B3mico"></span>Gas monoatómico</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capacid%C3%A1_calor%C3%ADfica&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Editar seición: Gas monoatómico" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capacid%C3%A1_calor%C3%ADfica&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Gas monoatómico"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La enerxía d'un gas monoatómico y por tanto la capacidá calorífica a volume constante vienen daes por: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4219090"><blockquote class="ecuacion" style="text-align:left"> <p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle O={\frac {3}{2}}NkT={\frac {3}{2}}nRT\qquad C_{V}=\left({\frac {\partial O}{\partial T}}\right)_{V}={\frac {3}{2}}Nk={\frac {3}{2}}nR}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>O</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>3</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mi>k</mi> <mi>T</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>3</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mi>R</mi> <mi>T</mi> <mspace width="2em" /> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>V</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2202;<!-- ∂ --></mi> <mi>O</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2202;<!-- ∂ --></mi> <mi>T</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>V</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>3</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mi>k</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>3</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mi>R</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle O={\frac {3}{2}}NkT={\frac {3}{2}}nRT\qquad C_{V}=\left({\frac {\partial O}{\partial T}}\right)_{V}={\frac {3}{2}}Nk={\frac {3}{2}}nR}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/28961ab9163a488c08ad279d397b3e81c66b7762" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:58.047ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle O={\frac {3}{2}}NkT={\frac {3}{2}}nRT\qquad C_{V}=\left({\frac {\partial O}{\partial T}}\right)_{V}={\frac {3}{2}}Nk={\frac {3}{2}}nR}"></span> </p> </blockquote> <p>Onde <i>T</i> ye la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Temperatura_absoluto&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Temperatura absoluto (la páxina nun esiste)">temperatura absoluto</a>, <i>N</i> ye'l númberu de molécules de gas dientro del sistema estudiáu, <i>n</i> el númberu de moles, <i>k</i> la <a href="/wiki/Constante_de_Boltzmann" title="Constante de Boltzmann">constante de Boltzmann</a> y <i>R</i> la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Constante_universal_de_los_gases_ideales&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Constante universal de los gases ideales (la páxina nun esiste)">constante universal de los gases ideales</a>. Asina'l <b>calor específico molar</b> d'un gas ideal monoatómico ye a cencielles <i>c<sub>v</sub></i> = 3<i>R</i>/2 o <i>c<sub>p</sub></i> = 5<i>R</i>/2. Los gases monoatómicos reales tamién cumplen les anteriores igualdaes anque de manera averada. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gas_diatómico"><span id="Gas_diat.C3.B3mico"></span>Gas diatómico</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capacid%C3%A1_calor%C3%ADfica&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Editar seición: Gas diatómico" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capacid%C3%A1_calor%C3%ADfica&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Gas diatómico"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nun gas diatómico la enerxía total puede atopase en forma d'enerxía cinética de traslación y tamién en forma d'enerxía cinética de rotación, eso fai que los gases diatómicos puedan almacenar más enerxía a una temperatura dao. A temperatura próximu a la temperatura ambiente la enerxía interna y la capacidá calorífiques vienen daes por:<br /> <br /> </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle O={\frac {5}{2}}NkT={\frac {5}{2}}nRT\qquad C_{V}=\left({\frac {\partial O}{\partial T}}\right)_{V}={\frac {5}{2}}Nk={\frac {5}{2}}nR}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>O</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>5</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mi>k</mi> <mi>T</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>5</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mi>R</mi> <mi>T</mi> <mspace width="2em" /> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>V</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2202;<!-- ∂ --></mi> <mi>O</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2202;<!-- ∂ --></mi> <mi>T</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>V</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>5</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mi>k</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>5</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mi>R</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle O={\frac {5}{2}}NkT={\frac {5}{2}}nRT\qquad C_{V}=\left({\frac {\partial O}{\partial T}}\right)_{V}={\frac {5}{2}}Nk={\frac {5}{2}}nR}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/56639582354939f4e90fb724b9d3cebbe70d38f8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:58.047ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle O={\frac {5}{2}}NkT={\frac {5}{2}}nRT\qquad C_{V}=\left({\frac {\partial O}{\partial T}}\right)_{V}={\frac {5}{2}}Nk={\frac {5}{2}}nR}"></span></dd></dl> <p><br /> Pa temperatures desaxeradamente altes, la enerxía de vibración de los enllaces empieza a ser importante y los gases diatómicos esviar daqué de les anteriores condiciones. A temperatures entá más altes la contribución del movimientu términu de los electrones produz esviaciones adicionales. Sicasí, tolos <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas_real&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gas real (la páxina nun esiste)">gases reales</a> como'l <a href="/wiki/Hidr%C3%B3xenu" title="Hidróxenu">hidróxenu</a> (H<sub>2</sub>), el <a href="/wiki/Os%C3%ADxenu" class="mw-redirect" title="Osíxenu">osíxenu</a> (O<sub>2</sub>), el nitróxenu (N<sub>2</sub>) o'l monóxidu de carbonu (CO), cumplen a temperatures ambiente moderaes les anteriores rellaciones. Por tantu estos gases tienen calores específicos o capacidaes calorífiques molares cercanos a <i>c<sub>v</sub></i> = 5<i>R</i>/2. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gases_poliatómicos"><span id="Gases_poliat.C3.B3micos"></span>Gases poliatómicos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capacid%C3%A1_calor%C3%ADfica&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10" title="Editar seición: Gases poliatómicos" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capacid%C3%A1_calor%C3%ADfica&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Gases poliatómicos"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>El teorema de equipartición pa gases poliatómicos suxer que los gases poliatómicos que tienen enllaces "blandos" o flexibles y que cimblen con facilidá con <i>q</i> frecuencies, tendríen de tener una capacidá calorífica molar dada por: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4219090"><blockquote class="ecuacion" style="text-align:left"> <p><span class="referencia">(<cite id="Equation_*"><a href="#Eqnref_*">*</a></cite>)</span><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle C_{v}=\left({\frac {3}{2}}+{\frac {r}{2}}+q\right)R}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>v</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>3</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>r</mi> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mi>q</mi> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mi>R</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle C_{v}=\left({\frac {3}{2}}+{\frac {r}{2}}+q\right)R}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3109a28c1a9255d6ec4a879ffcc359ae032bff62" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:22.11ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle C_{v}=\left({\frac {3}{2}}+{\frac {r}{2}}+q\right)R}"></span> </p> </blockquote> <p>Onde <i>r</i> mide los graos de llibertá rotacionales (<i>r</i> = 1 pa molécules lliniales, <i>r</i> = 2 pa molécules planes y <i>r</i> = 3 pa molécules tridimensionales). Sicasí estes predicciones nun se cumplen a temperatura ambiente. La capacidá calorífica molar aumenta moderadamente a midida que aumenta la temperatura. Eso debe a efeutos cuánticos que faen que les maneres de vibración tean cuantizados y solo tean accesibles a midida que aumenta la temperatura, y la espresión (*) solo puede ser una llende a bien altes temperatures. Sicasí, antes de llegar a temperatures onde esa espresión seya una llende razonable munches molécules romper por efeutu de la temperatura, nun llegando nunca a l'anterior llende. Un tratamientu rigurso de la capacidá calorífica rique por tanto l'usu de la <a href="/wiki/Mec%C3%A1nica_cu%C3%A1ntica" title="Mecánica cuántica">mecánica cuánticasobremanera</a> de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mec%C3%A1nica_estad%C3%ADstica&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mecánica estadística (la páxina nun esiste)">mecánica estadística</a> de tipu cuánticu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sólidos_cristalinos"><span id="S.C3.B3lidos_cristalinos"></span>Sólidos cristalinos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capacid%C3%A1_calor%C3%ADfica&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11" title="Editar seición: Sólidos cristalinos" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capacid%C3%A1_calor%C3%ADfica&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Sólidos cristalinos"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheru:DebyeVSEinstein.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/DebyeVSEinstein.jpg/300px-DebyeVSEinstein.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/DebyeVSEinstein.jpg/450px-DebyeVSEinstein.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/DebyeVSEinstein.jpg/600px-DebyeVSEinstein.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Representación de la capacidá calorífica adimensional estremada por trés, en función de la temperatura, según el <a href="/w/index.php?title=Modelu_de_Debye&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Modelu de Debye (la páxina nun esiste)">modelu de Debye</a> y el primer modelu d'Einstein. La exa d'ascises correspuende cola temperatura estremada pola temperatura de Debye. Nótese que la capacidá calorífica adimensional ye cero nel cero absolutu de temperatura y aumenta hasta'l valor 3 cuando la temperatura aumenta bien percima de la temperatura de Debye. La llinia colorada representa la llende clásica dadu pola <a href="/w/index.php?title=Llei_de_Dulong-Petit&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Llei de Dulong-Petit (la páxina nun esiste)">llei de Dulong-Petit</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ye un fechu esperimental conocíu que los sólidos cristalinos non metálicos a temperatura ambiente tienen una capacidá calorífica <i>c<sub>v</sub></i> más o menos constante ya igual a 3<i>R</i> (ente que la capacidá calorífica a presión constante sigue aumentáu). Esta constatación empírica lleva'l nome de <a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A9todu_de_Dulong_y_Petit&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Métodu de Dulong y Petit (la páxina nun esiste)">regla de Dulong y Petit</a>, anque la regla de Dulong y Petit encaxa coles predicciones del teorema de equipartición, a baxes temperatures esta regla falla estrepitosamente. De fechu pa sólidos y líquidos a baxes temperatures, y en dellos casos a temperatura ambiente, la espresión (*) dada pol teorema de equipartición de la enerxía da entá peores resultaos que pa los gases poliatómicos complicaos. Asina ye necesariu abandonar la mecánica estadística clásica y estudiar el problema dende'l puntu de vista cuánticu. </p><p>Einstein foi'l primeru que propunxo una teoría que predicía razonablemente la evolución de la capacidá calorífica de los sólidos nun rangu ampliu de temperatures, que yera cualitativamente correuta.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Más tarde Debye propunxo una meyora que faía a la teoría cuantitativamente correuta, y ulteriormente esta teoría foi ameyorada por Blackman y otros. La teoría d'Einstein prediz que la capacidá calorífica molar d'un sólidu tien de variar acordies cola espresión: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4219090"><blockquote class="ecuacion" style="text-align:left"> <p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {c_{v}}{3R}}=\left({\frac {\theta _{Y}}{T}}\right)^{2}{\frac {y^{\frac {\theta _{Y}}{T}}}{(y^{\frac {\theta _{Y}}{T}}-1)^{2}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>v</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mn>3</mn> <mi>R</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>&#x03B8;<!-- θ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>Y</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mi>T</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msup> <mi>y</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>&#x03B8;<!-- θ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>Y</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mi>T</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mi>y</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>&#x03B8;<!-- θ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>Y</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mi>T</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </msup> <mo>&#x2212;<!-- − --></mo> <mn>1</mn> <msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {c_{v}}{3R}}=\left({\frac {\theta _{Y}}{T}}\right)^{2}{\frac {y^{\frac {\theta _{Y}}{T}}}{(y^{\frac {\theta _{Y}}{T}}-1)^{2}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e5c09fbde858f838421dc750ffdcfd041b7f9bcf" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -4.338ex; width:26.458ex; height:9.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {c_{v}}{3R}}=\left({\frac {\theta _{Y}}{T}}\right)^{2}{\frac {y^{\frac {\theta _{Y}}{T}}}{(y^{\frac {\theta _{Y}}{T}}-1)^{2}}}}"></span> </p> </blockquote> <p>Onde θ<i><sub>Y</sub></i> ye un parámetru propiu de cada sólidu llamáu temperatura carauterístico d'Einstein del sólidu. Esta ecuación predicía'l comportamientu correutu a altes temperatures: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4219090"><blockquote class="ecuacion" style="text-align:left"> <p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lim _{T\to \infty }{\cfrac {c_{v}}{3R}}\to 1}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <munder> <mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">lim</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>T</mi> <mo stretchy="false">&#x2192;<!-- → --></mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">&#x221E;<!-- ∞ --></mi> </mrow> </munder> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mpadded width="0" height="8.6pt" depth="3pt"> <mrow /> </mpadded> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>v</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <mrow> <mpadded width="0" height="8.6pt" depth="3pt"> <mrow /> </mpadded> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> <mi>R</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">&#x2192;<!-- → --></mo> <mn>1</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lim _{T\to \infty }{\cfrac {c_{v}}{3R}}\to 1}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/27b7f5122c537d870bcbc4400e4d24ccf2553d52" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.005ex; width:13.37ex; height:7.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lim _{T\to \infty }{\cfrac {c_{v}}{3R}}\to 1}"></span> </p> </blockquote> <p>La <b>correición de Debye</b> tenía en cuenta amás de los efeutos cuánticos que la distribución de frecuencies de les diverses maneres de vibración (Einstein supunxera pa simplificar que toles molécules taben cimblando alredor de la mesma frecuencia fundamental) con esa innovación, Debye llegó a la espresión daqué más complicada: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4219090"><blockquote class="ecuacion" style="text-align:left"> <p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {c_{v}}{3R}}=\int _{0}^{\frac {\theta _{D}}{T}}{\frac {x^{4}y^{x}}{(y^{x}-1)^{2}}}dx}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>v</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mn>3</mn> <mi>R</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msubsup> <mo>&#x222B;<!-- ∫ --></mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>&#x03B8;<!-- θ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>D</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mi>T</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <msup> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msup> <msup> <mi>y</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mi>y</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo>&#x2212;<!-- − --></mo> <mn>1</mn> <msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>x</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {c_{v}}{3R}}=\int _{0}^{\frac {\theta _{D}}{T}}{\frac {x^{4}y^{x}}{(y^{x}-1)^{2}}}dx}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/925523bdf3a34826630d3c2fd213fbddaa0d38f1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:25.226ex; height:7.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {c_{v}}{3R}}=\int _{0}^{\frac {\theta _{D}}{T}}{\frac {x^{4}y^{x}}{(y^{x}-1)^{2}}}dx}"></span> </p> </blockquote> <p>Esta espresión coincide cola d'Einstein y la regla de Dulong y Petit a altes temperatures y a baxes temperatura esplica'l comportamientu proporcional <i>T</i>³ reparáu: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4219090"><blockquote class="ecuacion" style="text-align:left"> <p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lim _{T\to 0}{\cfrac {c_{v}}{3R}}\approx {\frac {4\pi ^{4}}{5}}\left({\frac {T}{\theta _{D}}}\right)^{3}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <munder> <mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">lim</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>T</mi> <mo stretchy="false">&#x2192;<!-- → --></mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </munder> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mpadded width="0" height="8.6pt" depth="3pt"> <mrow /> </mpadded> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>v</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <mrow> <mpadded width="0" height="8.6pt" depth="3pt"> <mrow /> </mpadded> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> <mi>R</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>&#x2248;<!-- ≈ --></mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>4</mn> <msup> <mi>&#x03C0;<!-- π --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> <mn>5</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>T</mi> <msub> <mi>&#x03B8;<!-- θ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>D</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lim _{T\to 0}{\cfrac {c_{v}}{3R}}\approx {\frac {4\pi ^{4}}{5}}\left({\frac {T}{\theta _{D}}}\right)^{3}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8e44ae0b18afdb5bdc9844c27fd4c21c69fb9988" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.005ex; width:23.252ex; height:7.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lim _{T\to 0}{\cfrac {c_{v}}{3R}}\approx {\frac {4\pi ^{4}}{5}}\left({\frac {T}{\theta _{D}}}\right)^{3}}"></span> </p> </blockquote> <p>Esta última espresión llámase <i>llei </i>T³<i> de Debye</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Calor_específico_y_capacidá_calorífica_de_dellos_materiales"><span id="Calor_espec.C3.ADfico_y_capacid.C3.A1_calor.C3.ADfica_de_dellos_materiales"></span>Calor específico y capacidá calorífica de dellos materiales</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capacid%C3%A1_calor%C3%ADfica&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=12" title="Editar seición: Calor específico y capacidá calorífica de dellos materiales" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capacid%C3%A1_calor%C3%ADfica&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Calor específico y capacidá calorífica de dellos materiales"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" border="1"> <tbody><tr> <td width="25%" align="center" rowspan="2">Material </td> <td width="25%" align="center" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium"> <p><a href="/wiki/Calor_espec%C3%ADfico" title="Calor específico">Calor específico</a> </p> </td> <td width="25%" align="center" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium"> <p><a href="/wiki/Densid%C3%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="Densidá">Densidá</a> </p> </td> <td width="25%" align="center" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium"> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capacid%C3%A1_calor%C3%ADfica_volum%C3%A9trica&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Capacidá calorífica volumétrica (la páxina nun esiste)">Capacidá calorífica volumétrica</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td width="25%" align="center" style="border-top-style: none; border-top-width: medium"> <p>kcal/kg °C </p> </td> <td width="25%" align="center" style="border-top-style: none; border-top-width: medium"> <p>kg/m³ </p> </td> <td width="25%" align="center" style="border-top-style: none; border-top-width: medium"> <p>kcal/m³ °C </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td width="25%"><a href="/wiki/Agua" title="Agua">Agua</a></td> <td width="25%" align="center">1 </td> <td width="25%" align="center">1000</td> <td width="25%" align="center">1000 </td></tr> <tr> <td width="25%"><a href="/wiki/Aceru" title="Aceru">Aceru</a></td> <td width="25%" align="center">0,12 </td> <td width="25%" align="center">7850</td> <td width="25%" align="center">950 </td></tr> <tr> <td width="25%">Tierra ensuga</td> <td width="25%" align="center">0,44 </td> <td width="25%" align="center">1500</td> <td width="25%" align="center">660 </td></tr> <tr> <td width="25%"><a href="/wiki/Granitu" title="Granitu">Granitu</a></td> <td width="25%" align="center">0,19 </td> <td width="25%" align="center">2645</td> <td width="25%" align="center">529 </td></tr> <tr> <td width="25%">Madera de <a href="/wiki/Quercus" title="Quercus">carbayu</a></td> <td width="25%" align="center">0,57 </td> <td width="25%" align="center">750</td> <td width="25%" align="center">430 </td></tr> <tr> <td width="25%"><a href="/wiki/Lladriyu" title="Lladriyu">Lladriyu</a></td> <td width="25%" align="center">0,20 </td> <td width="25%" align="center">2000</td> <td width="25%" align="center">400 </td></tr> <tr> <td width="25%">Madera de <a href="/wiki/Pinus" title="Pinus">pinu</a></td> <td width="25%" align="center">0,6 </td> <td width="25%" align="center">640</td> <td width="25%" align="center">384 </td></tr> <tr> <td width="25%">Piedra <a href="/wiki/Arenisca" class="mw-redirect" title="Arenisca">arenisca</a></td> <td width="25%" align="center">0,17 </td> <td width="25%" align="center">2200</td> <td width="25%" align="center">374 </td></tr> <tr> <td width="25%">Piedra <a href="/wiki/Caliar" title="Caliar">caliar</a></td> <td width="25%" align="center">0,22 </td> <td width="25%" align="center">2847</td> <td width="25%" align="center">484 </td></tr> <tr> <td width="25%"><a href="/wiki/Formig%C3%B3n" title="Formigón">Formigón</a></td> <td width="25%" align="center">0,16 </td> <td width="25%" align="center">2300</td> <td width="25%" align="center">350 </td></tr> <tr> <td width="25%">Morteru de <a href="/wiki/Yelsu" title="Yelsu">yelsu</a></td> <td width="25%" align="center">0,2 </td> <td width="25%" align="center">1440</td> <td width="25%" align="center">288 </td></tr> <tr> <td width="25%">Texíu de <a href="/wiki/Llana" title="Llana">llana</a></td> <td width="25%" align="center">0,32 </td> <td width="25%" align="center">111</td> <td width="25%" align="center">35 </td></tr> <tr> <td width="25%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poliestireno_espand%C3%ADu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Poliestireno espandíu (la páxina nun esiste)">Poliestireno espandíu</a> </td> <td width="25%" align="center">0,4</td> <td width="25%" align="center">25 </td> <td width="25%" align="center">10 </td></tr> <tr> <td width="25%"><a href="/wiki/Espluma_de_poliuretano" title="Espluma de poliuretano">Poliuretano espandíu</a></td> <td width="25%" align="center">0,38 </td> <td width="25%" align="center">24</td> <td width="25%" align="center">9 </td></tr> <tr> <td width="25%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fibra_de_vidriu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Fibra de vidriu (la páxina nun esiste)">Fibra de vidriu</a></td> <td width="25%" align="center">0,19 </td> <td width="25%" align="center">15</td> <td width="25%" align="center">2,8 </td></tr> <tr> <td width="25%"><a href="/wiki/Aire" title="Aire">Aire</a></td> <td width="25%" align="center">0,24 </td> <td width="25%" align="center">1,2</td> <td width="25%" align="center">0,29 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Na tabla puede vese que de los materiales comunes tienen una gran capacidá calorífica l'agua <a href="/w/index.php?title=Murios_d%27agua&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Murios d&#39;agua (la páxina nun esiste)">murios d'agua</a>, la tierra o suelu secu amaceráu (<a href="/wiki/Adobe" title="Adobe">adobe</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tapial&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tapial (la páxina nun esiste)">muria</a>), y piedres trupes como'l <a href="/wiki/Granitu" title="Granitu">granitu</a> xunto a los metales como'l <a href="/wiki/Aceru" title="Aceru">aceru</a>. Estos atópense ente los 500 y 1000&#160;kcal/m³ °C. </p><p>Depués atópase otru grupu que va de 300 a 500&#160;kcal/m³ °C ente los que s'alluga la mayoría de los materiales avezaos na construcción actual, como'l lladriyu, el formigón, les maderes, los tableros de yeso roca y les piedres arenisques. </p><p>Nun últimu grupu atópase (3 a 35&#160;kcal/<a href="/wiki/M%C2%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="M³">m³</a> °C), los <a href="/wiki/Aislante_t%C3%A9rmicu" title="Aislante térmicu">aislantes térmicos</a> de masa como la <a href="/wiki/Aislante_t%C3%A9rmicu#Llana_de_vidrio" title="Aislante térmicu">lana de vidriu</a>, les <a href="/wiki/Aislante_t%C3%A9rmicu#Llana_mineral" title="Aislante térmicu">llanes minerales</a>, el <a href="/wiki/Aislante_t%C3%A9rmicu#Espluma_poliestireno" title="Aislante térmicu">poliestireno espandíu</a> y el <a href="/wiki/Aislante_t%C3%A9rmicu#Espluma_poliuretano" title="Aislante térmicu">poliuretano espandíu</a> que pola so "baxa densidá" por cuenta de que contienen enforma aire tienen una capacidá calorífica bien baxa pero sirven como aislantes térmicos. </p><p>Un casu especial ye l'aire (0,29&#160;kcal/m³·K; 1,214&#160;J/m³·K), que sirve como un mediu pa tresportar el calor nos sistemes pasivos pero non p'almacenar calor nel so interior. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Capacidá_calorífica_de_los_elementos_químicos"><span id="Capacid.C3.A1_calor.C3.ADfica_de_los_elementos_qu.C3.ADmicos"></span>Capacidá calorífica de los elementos químicos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capacid%C3%A1_calor%C3%ADfica&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=13" title="Editar seición: Capacidá calorífica de los elementos químicos" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capacid%C3%A1_calor%C3%ADfica&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Capacidá calorífica de los elementos químicos"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La siguiente tabla amuesa la capacidá térmica de los componentes puros individuales<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> tomaes en condiciones de llaboratoriu (a una temperatura de <span style="white-space:nowrap">25&#160;°C</span> y una presión de 100&#160;kPa). ("H, N, O, F, Cl, Br, I" son respeutivamente <span class="fquim" style="white-space:nowrap;">H<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:85%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span></span>, <span class="fquim" style="white-space:nowrap;">N<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:85%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span></span>, <span class="fquim" style="white-space:nowrap;">O<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:85%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span></span>, <span class="fquim" style="white-space:nowrap;">F<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:85%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span></span>, <span class="fquim" style="white-space:nowrap;">Cl<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:85%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span></span>, <span class="fquim" style="white-space:nowrap;">Br<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:85%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span></span> y <span class="fquim" style="white-space:nowrap;">I<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:85%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span></span>) </p><p><b>Estos valores, espresaos en <span style="white-space:nowrap">&#160;J⋅mol<sup>-1</sup>⋅K<sup>-1</sup></span>, resulten:</b> </p> <ul><li>Valor máximu = <span style="white-space:nowrap">37,03&#160;J⋅mol<sup>-1</sup>⋅K<sup>-1</sup></span> pal gadolinio</li> <li>Valor mínimu = <span style="white-space:nowrap">8,517&#160;J⋅mol<sup>-1</sup>⋅K<sup>-1</sup></span> pal carbonu</li></ul> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plant%C3%ADa:Tabla_peri%C3%B3dica_(valores)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Plantía:Tabla periódica (valores) (la páxina nun esiste)">Plantía:Tabla periódica (valores)</a> </p><p><b>Los mesmos valores, convertíos en <span style="white-space:nowrap">&#160;J⋅g<sup>-1</sup>⋅K<sup>-1</sup></span>, resulten:</b> </p> <ul><li>Valor máximu = <span style="white-space:nowrap">14,304&#160;J⋅g<sup>-1</sup>⋅K<sup>-1</sup></span> pal hidróxenu</li> <li>Valor mínimu = <span style="white-space:nowrap">0,094&#160;J⋅g<sup>-1</sup>⋅K<sup>-1</sup></span> pal radiu</li></ul> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plant%C3%ADa:Tabla_peri%C3%B3dica_(valores)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Plantía:Tabla periódica (valores) (la páxina nun esiste)">Plantía:Tabla periódica (valores)</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ver_tamién"><span id="Ver_tami.C3.A9n"></span>Ver tamién</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capacid%C3%A1_calor%C3%ADfica&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=14" title="Editar seición: Ver tamién" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capacid%C3%A1_calor%C3%ADfica&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Ver tamién"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almacenamientu_de_calor&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Almacenamientu de calor (la páxina nun esiste)">Almacenamientu de calor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calor_espec%C3%ADfico" title="Calor específico">Calor específico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agua" title="Agua">Agua</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referencies">Referencies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capacid%C3%A1_calor%C3%ADfica&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=15" title="Editar seición: Referencies" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capacid%C3%A1_calor%C3%ADfica&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Referencies"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3503771">@media only screen and (max-width:600px){.mw-parser-output .llistaref{column-count:1!important}}</style><div class="llistaref" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_1-0">1,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_1-1">1,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">Resnik Halliday Krane&#32;(2002). <i>Física Volume 1</i>.&#32;Cecsa. ISBN 970-24-02-0257-3.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Agustín Salazar (2003) On thermal diffusivity</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Laider-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Laider_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">Laider, Keith J.&#32;(1993). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=01LRlPbH80cC&amp;printsec=frontcover">The World of Physical Chemistry</a></i>.&#32;<a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/0-19-855919-4" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/0-19-855919-4">ISBN 0-19-855919-4</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Orrego_Alzate_1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Orrego_Alzate_1_4-0">4,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Orrego_Alzate_1_4-1">4,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" id="Referencia-Orrego_Alzate-2003">Orrego Alzate, Carlos Eduardo&#32;(2003).&#32;«3», <i>Procesamientu d'alimentos</i>.&#32;Centru de publicaciones Universidad de Colombia,&#32;páx. 61. <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/958-9322-80-8" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/958-9322-80-8">ISBN 958-9322-80-8</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation cita-Journal" id="CITAREFEinstein,_Albert1907">Einstein, Albert&#32;(1907).&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.physik.uni-augsburg.de/annalen/history/einstein-papers/1907_22_180-190.pdf">Die Plancksche Theorie der Strahlung und die Theorie der spezifischen Wärme</a>».&#32;<i>Annalen der Physik</i>&#32;<b>22</b>: &#160;páxs.&#160;180-190<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.physik.uni-augsburg.de/annalen/history/einstein-papers/1907_22_180-190.pdf">http://www.physik.uni-augsburg.de/annalen/history/einstein-papers/1907_22_180-190.pdf</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">.&#32;Consultáu'l 28 de payares de 2009</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Die+Plancksche+Theorie+der+Strahlung+und+die+Theorie+der+spezifischen+W%C3%A4rme&amp;rft.jtitle=Annalen+der+Physik&amp;rft.aulast=Einstein%2C+Albert&amp;rft.au=Einstein%2C+Albert&amp;rft.date=1907&amp;rft.volume=22&amp;rft.pages=%26nbsp%3Bp%C3%A1xs.%26nbsp%3B180-190&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.physik.uni-augsburg.de%2Fannalen%2Fhistory%2Feinstein-papers%2F1907_22_180-190.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/ast.wikipedia.org:Capacid%C3%A1_calor%C3%ADfica"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation cita-Journal" id="CITAREFKlein,_Martin_J.1965">Klein, Martin J.&#32;(1965).&#32;«Einstein, Specific Heats, and the Early Quantum Theory: Einstein's quantum theory of specific heat first showed the power of the new concept of energy quanta».&#32;<i>Science</i>&#32;<b>148</b>&#32;(3667): &#160;páxs.&#160;173-180. <small><a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.148.3667.173">10.1126/science.148.3667.173</a></span></small>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Einstein%2C+Specific+Heats%2C+and+the+Early+Quantum+Theory%3A+Einstein%27s+quantum+theory+of+specific+heat+first+showed+the+power+of+the+new+concept+of+energy+quanta&amp;rft.jtitle=Science&amp;rft.aulast=Klein%2C+Martin+J.&amp;rft.au=Klein%2C+Martin+J.&amp;rft.date=1965&amp;rft.volume=148&amp;rft.issue=3667&amp;rft.pages=%26nbsp%3Bp%C3%A1xs.%26nbsp%3B173-180&amp;rft_id=info:doi/10.1126%2Fscience.148.3667.173&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/ast.wikipedia.org:Capacid%C3%A1_calor%C3%ADfica"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">Lide, David R.&#32;(3 de xunu de 2009). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.crcpress.com/CRC-Handbook-of-Chemistry-and-Physics-93rd-Edition/Haynes/9781439880494">CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</a></i>, 90&#32;(n'inglés),&#32;Boca Raton, CRC Press/Taylor and Francis,&#32;páx. 4-43 de 2804. <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/9781420090840" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/9781420090840">ISBN 9781420090840</a>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <p><br /> </p><p><br /> </p><p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2260362">.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox hr:last-child{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox+.mw-mf-linked-projects{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects{display:flex;padding:0.5em;border:1px solid #c8ccd1;background-color:#eaecf0;color:#222222}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="mw-authority-control navigation-not-searchable"><div class="navbox-styles"><style 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Proyeutos Wikimedia</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datos:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179388" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q179388">Q179388</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Heat_capacity">Heat capacity</a></span></span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Identificadores</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4188854-6">4188854-6</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Art_%26_Architecture_Thesaurus" title="Art &amp; Architecture Thesaurus">AAT</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=&amp;logic=AND&amp;note=&amp;subjectid=300056232">300056232</a></span></li> <li><b>Diccionarios y enciclopedies</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Brit%C3%A1nica" class="mw-redirect" title="Enciclopedia Británica">Britannica</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/heat-capacity">url</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="mw-mf-linked-projects hlist"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datos:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179388" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q179388">Q179388</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> 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