CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="description" content="This Commission department is responsible for the EU's energy policy: secure, sustainable, and competitively priced energy for Europe." /> <meta name="keywords" content="energy policy" /> <meta http-equiv="content-language" content="en" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://energy.ec.europa.eu/index_en" /> <meta property="og:determiner" content="auto" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Energy" /> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://energy.ec.europa.eu/index_en" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Energy" /> <meta property="og:description" content="This Commission department is responsible for the EU's energy policy: secure, sustainable, and competitively priced energy for Europe." /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="This Commission department is responsible for the EU's energy policy: secure, sustainable, and competitively priced energy for Europe." /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Energy" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://energy.ec.europa.eu/index_en" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://energy.ec.europa.eu/profiles/contrib/ewcms/modules/ewcms_seo/assets/images/ec-socialmedia-fallback.png" /> <meta property="og:image:alt" content="Energy" /> <meta name="twitter:image:alt" content="Energy" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://energy.ec.europa.eu/profiles/contrib/ewcms/modules/ewcms_seo/assets/images/ec-socialmedia-fallback.png" /> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1" /> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)" /> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" /> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <script type="application/json">{"service":"etrans","renderAs":false,"user":"Energy","exclude":".ecl-site-header__language-item,.ecl-site-header__language-selector,.toolbar","languages":{"source":"en","available":["en"]},"config":{"live":false,"mode":"lc2023","targets":{"receiver":"#webtools-etrans"}}}</script> <script type="application/json">{"service":"preview","position":"before"}</script> <link rel="icon" href="/profiles/contrib/ewcms/themes/ewcms_theme/images/favicons/ec/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://energy.ec.europa.eu/index_en" /> <link rel="icon" href="/profiles/contrib/ewcms/themes/ewcms_theme/images/favicons/ec/favicon.svg" type="image/svg+xml" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/profiles/contrib/ewcms/themes/ewcms_theme/images/favicons/ec/favicon.png" /> <title>Energy - European Commission</title> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_YOym3bKp2GQKQ5aI7oG9NAnkdrodD9jjX_ALdIhZ42c.css?delta=0&language=en&theme=ewcms_theme&include=eJxtjuEKwyAMhF9I6iNJqukapibE2M23n4yWMti_4-674xiD7VjQRy7CFauFTKuCjoDRtdEMi1-hoeOLFKVqDl-xtNPZCHMK-DbUCjlQ5PqTn3oIPxRkH3_CWbE50Gc9U302J6DwpZtP2gXycjtLr9LXTG3H5AomggCHsBpkf4lwUEJeNtYCNo99AGWVXRE" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_DDq5gxc5SYhDx7ywHtEBRklFcjrVcdv9VBSLaHZyK0Q.css?delta=1&language=en&theme=ewcms_theme&include=eJxtjuEKwyAMhF9I6iNJqukapibE2M23n4yWMti_4-674xiD7VjQRy7CFauFTKuCjoDRtdEMi1-hoeOLFKVqDl-xtNPZCHMK-DbUCjlQ5PqTn3oIPxRkH3_CWbE50Gc9U302J6DwpZtP2gXycjtLr9LXTG3H5AomggCHsBpkf4lwUEJeNtYCNo99AGWVXRE" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_MbX-T-VJKWFaXbSPD1QmT6wyr323bPnCKmllezP0szQ.css?delta=2&language=en&theme=ewcms_theme&include=eJxtjuEKwyAMhF9I6iNJqukapibE2M23n4yWMti_4-674xiD7VjQRy7CFauFTKuCjoDRtdEMi1-hoeOLFKVqDl-xtNPZCHMK-DbUCjlQ5PqTn3oIPxRkH3_CWbE50Gc9U302J6DwpZtP2gXycjtLr9LXTG3H5AomggCHsBpkf4lwUEJeNtYCNo99AGWVXRE" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_cMENs-ac_OwSFwYTbhPx20Y60qkC0AdkX3-szOsNRlg.css?delta=3&language=en&theme=ewcms_theme&include=eJxtjuEKwyAMhF9I6iNJqukapibE2M23n4yWMti_4-674xiD7VjQRy7CFauFTKuCjoDRtdEMi1-hoeOLFKVqDl-xtNPZCHMK-DbUCjlQ5PqTn3oIPxRkH3_CWbE50Gc9U302J6DwpZtP2gXycjtLr9LXTG3H5AomggCHsBpkf4lwUEJeNtYCNo99AGWVXRE" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_ys8mZM3R6d_1U_lowepMwF39SE6juXoGJmaEv61RZSI.css?delta=4&language=en&theme=ewcms_theme&include=eJxtjuEKwyAMhF9I6iNJqukapibE2M23n4yWMti_4-674xiD7VjQRy7CFauFTKuCjoDRtdEMi1-hoeOLFKVqDl-xtNPZCHMK-DbUCjlQ5PqTn3oIPxRkH3_CWbE50Gc9U302J6DwpZtP2gXycjtLr9LXTG3H5AomggCHsBpkf4lwUEJeNtYCNo99AGWVXRE" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_KMX3bx67NmpMUNWVOxYKBKsE0SA9YYGvux6autyxzoI.css?delta=5&language=en&theme=ewcms_theme&include=eJxtjuEKwyAMhF9I6iNJqukapibE2M23n4yWMti_4-674xiD7VjQRy7CFauFTKuCjoDRtdEMi1-hoeOLFKVqDl-xtNPZCHMK-DbUCjlQ5PqTn3oIPxRkH3_CWbE50Gc9U302J6DwpZtP2gXycjtLr9LXTG3H5AomggCHsBpkf4lwUEJeNtYCNo99AGWVXRE" /> </head> <body class="language-en ecl-typography path-frontpage page-node-type-landing-page"> <a href="#main-content" class="ecl-link ecl-link--primary ecl-skip-link" id="skip-id" >Skip to main content</a> <div id="cck_here"></div> <script type="application/json">{"utility":"globan","theme":"light","logo":true,"link":true,"mode":false}</script> <div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas> <header class="ecl-site-header ecl-site-header--has-menu" data-ecl-auto-init="SiteHeader" > <div class="ecl-site-header__header"> <div class="ecl-site-header__background"> <div class="ecl-site-header__header"> <div class="ecl-site-header__container ecl-container"> <div class="ecl-site-header__top" data-ecl-site-header-top> <a class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-site-header__logo-link" href="https://commission.europa.eu/index_en" aria-label="Home - European Commission" data-aria-label-en="Home - European Commission" > <picture class="ecl-picture ecl-site-header__picture" title="European Commission" ><source srcset="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/logo/positive/logo-ec--en.svg" media="(min-width: 996px)" ><img class="ecl-site-header__logo-image" src="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/logo/logo-ec--mute.svg" alt="European Commission logo" ></picture> </a> <div class="ecl-site-header__action"> <div class="ecl-site-header__language"><a class="ecl-button ecl-button--tertiary ecl-site-header__language-selector" href="https://energy.ec.europa.eu/index_en" data-ecl-language-selector role="button" aria-label="Change language, current language is English - en" aria-controls="language-list-overlay" ><span class="ecl-site-header__language-icon"><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--s ecl-site-header__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="false" role="img"><title >en</title><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#global"></use></svg></span>en</a><div class="ecl-site-header__language-container" id="language-list-overlay" hidden data-ecl-language-list-overlay aria-labelledby="ecl-site-header__language-title" role="dialog"><div class="ecl-site-header__language-header"><div class="ecl-site-header__language-title" id="ecl-site-header__language-title" >Select your language</div><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--tertiary ecl-site-header__language-close ecl-button--icon-only" type="submit" data-ecl-language-list-close ><span class="ecl-button__container"><span class="ecl-button__label" data-ecl-label="true">Close</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--m ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#close"></use></svg></span></button></div><div class="ecl-site-header__language-content" data-ecl-language-list-content ><div class="ecl-site-header__language-category" data-ecl-language-list-eu><ul class="ecl-site-header__language-list"><li class="ecl-site-header__language-item"><a href="https://energy.ec.europa.eu/index_bg" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--no-visited ecl-site-header__language-link" hreflang="bg" ><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-code">bg</span><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-label" lang="bg">български</span></a></li><li class="ecl-site-header__language-item"><a href="https://energy.ec.europa.eu/index_es" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--no-visited ecl-site-header__language-link" hreflang="es" ><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-code">es</span><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-label" lang="es">español</span></a></li><li class="ecl-site-header__language-item"><a href="https://energy.ec.europa.eu/index_cs" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--no-visited ecl-site-header__language-link" hreflang="cs" ><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-code">cs</span><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-label" lang="cs">čeština</span></a></li><li class="ecl-site-header__language-item"><a href="https://energy.ec.europa.eu/index_da" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--no-visited ecl-site-header__language-link" hreflang="da" ><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-code">da</span><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-label" lang="da">dansk</span></a></li><li class="ecl-site-header__language-item"><a href="https://energy.ec.europa.eu/index_de" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--no-visited ecl-site-header__language-link" hreflang="de" ><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-code">de</span><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-label" lang="de">Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="ecl-site-header__language-item"><a href="https://energy.ec.europa.eu/index_et" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--no-visited ecl-site-header__language-link" hreflang="et" ><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-code">et</span><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-label" lang="et">eesti</span></a></li><li class="ecl-site-header__language-item"><a href="https://energy.ec.europa.eu/index_el" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--no-visited ecl-site-header__language-link" hreflang="el" ><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-code">el</span><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-label" lang="el">ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="ecl-site-header__language-item"><a href="https://energy.ec.europa.eu/index_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--no-visited ecl-site-header__language-link ecl-site-header__language-link--active" hreflang="en" ><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-code">en</span><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-label" lang="en">English</span></a></li><li class="ecl-site-header__language-item"><a href="https://energy.ec.europa.eu/index_fr" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--no-visited ecl-site-header__language-link" hreflang="fr" ><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-code">fr</span><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-label" lang="fr">français</span></a></li><li class="ecl-site-header__language-item"><a href="https://energy.ec.europa.eu/index_ga" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--no-visited ecl-site-header__language-link" hreflang="ga" ><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-code">ga</span><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-label" lang="ga">Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="ecl-site-header__language-item"><a href="https://energy.ec.europa.eu/index_hr" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--no-visited ecl-site-header__language-link" hreflang="hr" ><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-code">hr</span><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-label" lang="hr">hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="ecl-site-header__language-item"><a href="https://energy.ec.europa.eu/index_it" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--no-visited ecl-site-header__language-link" hreflang="it" ><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-code">it</span><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-label" lang="it">italiano</span></a></li><li class="ecl-site-header__language-item"><a href="https://energy.ec.europa.eu/index_lv" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--no-visited ecl-site-header__language-link" hreflang="lv" ><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-code">lv</span><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-label" lang="lv">latviešu</span></a></li><li class="ecl-site-header__language-item"><a href="https://energy.ec.europa.eu/index_lt" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--no-visited ecl-site-header__language-link" hreflang="lt" ><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-code">lt</span><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-label" lang="lt">lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="ecl-site-header__language-item"><a href="https://energy.ec.europa.eu/index_hu" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--no-visited ecl-site-header__language-link" hreflang="hu" ><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-code">hu</span><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-label" lang="hu">magyar</span></a></li><li class="ecl-site-header__language-item"><a href="https://energy.ec.europa.eu/index_mt" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--no-visited ecl-site-header__language-link" hreflang="mt" ><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-code">mt</span><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-label" lang="mt">Malti</span></a></li><li class="ecl-site-header__language-item"><a href="https://energy.ec.europa.eu/index_nl" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--no-visited ecl-site-header__language-link" hreflang="nl" ><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-code">nl</span><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-label" lang="nl">Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="ecl-site-header__language-item"><a href="https://energy.ec.europa.eu/index_pl" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--no-visited ecl-site-header__language-link" hreflang="pl" ><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-code">pl</span><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-label" lang="pl">polski</span></a></li><li class="ecl-site-header__language-item"><a href="https://energy.ec.europa.eu/index_pt" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--no-visited ecl-site-header__language-link" hreflang="pt" ><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-code">pt</span><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-label" lang="pt">português</span></a></li><li class="ecl-site-header__language-item"><a href="https://energy.ec.europa.eu/index_ro" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--no-visited ecl-site-header__language-link" hreflang="ro" ><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-code">ro</span><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-label" lang="ro">română</span></a></li><li class="ecl-site-header__language-item"><a href="https://energy.ec.europa.eu/index_sk" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--no-visited ecl-site-header__language-link" hreflang="sk" ><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-code">sk</span><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-label" lang="sk">slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="ecl-site-header__language-item"><a href="https://energy.ec.europa.eu/index_sl" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--no-visited ecl-site-header__language-link" hreflang="sl" ><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-code">sl</span><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-label" lang="sl">slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="ecl-site-header__language-item"><a href="https://energy.ec.europa.eu/index_fi" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--no-visited ecl-site-header__language-link" hreflang="fi" ><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-code">fi</span><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-label" lang="fi">suomi</span></a></li><li class="ecl-site-header__language-item"><a href="https://energy.ec.europa.eu/index_sv" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--no-visited ecl-site-header__language-link" hreflang="sv" ><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-code">sv</span><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-label" lang="sv">svenska</span></a></li></ul></div></div></div></div> <div class="ecl-site-header__search-container" role="search"> <a class="ecl-button ecl-button--tertiary ecl-site-header__search-toggle" href="" data-ecl-search-toggle="true" aria-controls="oe-search-search-form" aria-expanded="false" ><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--s ecl-site-header__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" role="img"><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#search"></use></svg>Search </a> <form class="ecl-search-form ecl-site-header__search" role="search" action="/index_en" method="post" id="oe-search-search-form" accept-charset="UTF-8" data-ecl-search-form ><div class="ecl-form-group"><label for="edit-keys" id="edit-keys-label" class="ecl-form-label ecl-search-form__label" >Search</label><input id="edit-keys" class="ecl-text-input ecl-text-input--m ecl-search-form__text-input form-search ecl-search-form__text-input" name="keys" type="search" ></div><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--ghost ecl-search-form__button ecl-search-form__button" type="submit" ><span class="ecl-button__container"><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#search"></use></svg><span class="ecl-button__label" data-ecl-label="true">Search</span></span></button><input data-drupal-selector="form-lghuyifzh9rd3fofegxbvxfmxouq97nz6yku75ljl5e" type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-lGhUyIFZH9rD3FofEGxBVXFmXouq97nZ6yKu75ljl5E" /><input data-drupal-selector="edit-oe-search-search-form" type="hidden" name="form_id" value="oe_search_search_form" /></form> <script type="application/json">{"service":"search","results":"in","form":".ecl-search-form","lang":"en","key":"europa_default"}</script> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ecl-site-header__banner-top"> <div class="ecl-container"> <a href="https://commission.europa.eu/energy-climate-change-environment_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--no-visited" data-header-class-link="true" data-header-class-link-label-en="Energy, Climate change, Environment">Energy, Climate change, Environment</a> </div> </div> <div class="ecl-site-header__banner"> <div class="ecl-container"> <div class="ecl-site-header__site-name">Energy</div> </div> </div> <div id="block-ewcms-theme-horizontal-menu"> <nav class="ecl-menu" data-ecl-menu data-ecl-menu-max-lines="2" data-ecl-auto-init="Menu" data-ecl-menu-label-open="Menu" data-ecl-menu-label-close="Close" aria-expanded="false" role="navigation" aria-label="Site navigation" ><div class="ecl-menu__overlay"></div><div class="ecl-container ecl-menu__container"><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--tertiary ecl-menu__open ecl-button--icon-only" type="button" data-ecl-menu-open aria-expanded="false" ><span class="ecl-button__container"><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--m ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#hamburger"></use></svg><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--m ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#close"></use></svg><span class="ecl-button__label" data-ecl-label="true">Menu</span></span></button><section class="ecl-menu__inner" data-ecl-menu-inner aria-label="Menu"><header class="ecl-menu__inner-header"><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--ghost ecl-menu__close ecl-button--icon-only" type="submit" data-ecl-menu-close ><span class="ecl-button__container"><span class="ecl-button__label" data-ecl-label="true">Close</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--m ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#close"></use></svg></span></button><div class="ecl-menu__title">Menu</div><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--ghost ecl-menu__back" type="submit" data-ecl-menu-back ><span class="ecl-button__container"><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--rotate-270 ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg><span class="ecl-button__label" data-ecl-label="true">Back</span></span></button></header><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--ghost ecl-menu__item ecl-menu__items-previous ecl-button--icon-only" type="button" data-ecl-menu-items-previous tabindex="-1" ><span class="ecl-button__container"><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--s ecl-icon--rotate-270 ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg><span class="ecl-button__label" data-ecl-label="true">Previous items</span></span></button><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--ghost ecl-menu__item ecl-menu__items-next ecl-button--icon-only" type="button" data-ecl-menu-items-next tabindex="-1" ><span class="ecl-button__container"><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--s ecl-icon--rotate-90 ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg><span class="ecl-button__label" data-ecl-label="true">Next items</span></span></button><ul class="ecl-menu__list" data-ecl-menu-list><li class="ecl-menu__item ecl-menu__item--current" data-ecl-menu-item id="ecl-menu-item-ecl-menu-159741613-0"><a href="/index_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-menu__link ecl-menu__link--current" data-untranslated-label="Home" data-ecl-menu-link id="ecl-menu-item-ecl-menu-159741613-0-link" >Home</a></li><li class="ecl-menu__item" data-ecl-menu-item id="ecl-menu-item-ecl-menu-159741613-1"><a href="/topics_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-menu__link" data-untranslated-label="Topics" data-ecl-menu-link id="ecl-menu-item-ecl-menu-159741613-1-link" >Topics</a></li><li class="ecl-menu__item ecl-menu__item--has-children" data-ecl-menu-item data-ecl-has-children aria-haspopup aria-expanded="false" id="ecl-menu-item-ecl-menu-159741613-2"><a href="/data-and-analysis_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-menu__link" data-untranslated-label="Data and analysis" data-ecl-menu-link id="ecl-menu-item-ecl-menu-159741613-2-link" >Data and analysis</a><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--ghost ecl-menu__button-caret ecl-button--icon-only" type="button" data-ecl-menu-caret aria-label="Access item's children" aria-describedby="ecl-menu-item-ecl-menu-159741613-2-link" aria-expanded="false" ><span class="ecl-button__container"><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--rotate-180 ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></span></button><div class="ecl-menu__mega" data-ecl-menu-mega ><ul class="ecl-menu__sublist"><li class="ecl-menu__subitem" data-ecl-menu-subitem ><a href="/data-and-analysis/weekly-oil-bulletin_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Weekly Oil Bulletin" >Weekly Oil Bulletin</a></li><li class="ecl-menu__subitem" data-ecl-menu-subitem ><a href="/data-and-analysis/market-analysis_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Market analysis" >Market analysis</a></li><li class="ecl-menu__subitem" data-ecl-menu-subitem ><a href="/data-and-analysis/energy-prices-and-costs-europe_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Energy prices and costs in Europe" >Energy prices and costs in Europe</a></li><li class="ecl-menu__subitem" data-ecl-menu-subitem ><a href="/data-and-analysis/energy-modelling_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Energy modelling" >Energy modelling</a></li><li class="ecl-menu__subitem" data-ecl-menu-subitem ><a href="/data-and-analysis/eu-energy-statistical-pocketbook-and-country-datasheets_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="EU energy statistical pocketbook and country datasheets" >EU energy statistical pocketbook and country datasheets</a></li><li class="ecl-menu__subitem" data-ecl-menu-subitem ><a href="/data-and-analysis/energy-union-indicators-webtool_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Energy union indicators webtool" >Energy union indicators webtool</a></li><li class="ecl-menu__subitem" data-ecl-menu-subitem ><a href="/data-and-analysis/eurobarometers-energy_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Eurobarometers on energy" >Eurobarometers on energy</a></li><li class="ecl-menu__subitem ecl-menu__see-all"><a href="/data-and-analysis_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon ecl-menu__sublink" ><span class="ecl-link__label">See all</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--rotate-180 ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="ecl-menu__item ecl-menu__item--has-children" data-ecl-menu-item data-ecl-has-children aria-haspopup aria-expanded="false" id="ecl-menu-item-ecl-menu-159741613-3"><a href="/studies_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-menu__link" data-untranslated-label="Studies" data-ecl-menu-link id="ecl-menu-item-ecl-menu-159741613-3-link" >Studies</a><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--ghost ecl-menu__button-caret ecl-button--icon-only" type="button" data-ecl-menu-caret aria-label="Access item's children" aria-describedby="ecl-menu-item-ecl-menu-159741613-3-link" aria-expanded="false" ><span class="ecl-button__container"><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--rotate-180 ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></span></button><div class="ecl-menu__mega" data-ecl-menu-mega ><ul class="ecl-menu__sublist"><li class="ecl-menu__subitem" data-ecl-menu-subitem ><a href="/studies/final-studies_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Final studies" >Final studies</a></li><li class="ecl-menu__subitem" data-ecl-menu-subitem ><a href="/studies/preparatory-studies_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Preparatory studies" >Preparatory studies</a></li><li class="ecl-menu__subitem ecl-menu__see-all"><a href="/studies_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon ecl-menu__sublink" ><span class="ecl-link__label">See all</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--rotate-180 ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="ecl-menu__item" data-ecl-menu-item id="ecl-menu-item-ecl-menu-159741613-4"><a href="/energy-publications_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-menu__link" data-untranslated-label="Publications" data-ecl-menu-link id="ecl-menu-item-ecl-menu-159741613-4-link" >Publications</a></li><li class="ecl-menu__item" data-ecl-menu-item id="ecl-menu-item-ecl-menu-159741613-5"><a href="/consultations_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-menu__link" data-untranslated-label="Consultations" data-ecl-menu-link id="ecl-menu-item-ecl-menu-159741613-5-link" >Consultations</a></li><li class="ecl-menu__item ecl-menu__item--has-children" data-ecl-menu-item data-ecl-has-children aria-haspopup aria-expanded="false" id="ecl-menu-item-ecl-menu-159741613-6"><a href="/energy-explained_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-menu__link" data-untranslated-label="Energy explained" data-ecl-menu-link id="ecl-menu-item-ecl-menu-159741613-6-link" >Energy explained</a><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--ghost ecl-menu__button-caret ecl-button--icon-only" type="button" data-ecl-menu-caret aria-label="Access item's children" aria-describedby="ecl-menu-item-ecl-menu-159741613-6-link" aria-expanded="false" ><span class="ecl-button__container"><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--rotate-180 ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></span></button><div class="ecl-menu__mega" data-ecl-menu-mega ><ul class="ecl-menu__sublist"><li class="ecl-menu__subitem" data-ecl-menu-subitem ><a href="/energy-explained/recent-videos-energy-policy_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Recent videos on energy policy" >Recent videos on energy policy</a></li><li class="ecl-menu__subitem" data-ecl-menu-subitem ><a href="/energy-explained/people-energy_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="People with energy" >People with energy</a></li><li class="ecl-menu__subitem" data-ecl-menu-subitem ><a href="/energy-explained/interactive-infographics_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Interactive infographics" >Interactive infographics</a></li><li class="ecl-menu__subitem" data-ecl-menu-subitem ><a href="/energy-explained/energy-infrastructure-eu_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Energy infrastructure in the EU" >Energy infrastructure in the EU</a></li><li class="ecl-menu__subitem" data-ecl-menu-subitem ><a href="/energy-explained/educational-videos-and-quiz_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Educational videos and a quiz" >Educational videos and a quiz</a></li><li class="ecl-menu__subitem ecl-menu__see-all"><a href="/energy-explained_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon ecl-menu__sublink" ><span class="ecl-link__label">See all</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--rotate-180 ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="ecl-menu__item" data-ecl-menu-item id="ecl-menu-item-ecl-menu-159741613-7"><a href="/events_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-menu__link" data-untranslated-label="Events" data-ecl-menu-link id="ecl-menu-item-ecl-menu-159741613-7-link" >Events</a></li><li class="ecl-menu__item" data-ecl-menu-item id="ecl-menu-item-ecl-menu-159741613-8"><a href="/news_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-menu__link" data-untranslated-label="News" data-ecl-menu-link id="ecl-menu-item-ecl-menu-159741613-8-link" >News</a></li></ul></section></div></nav> </div> </header> <div class="featured-page-header" id="block-ewcms-theme-page-header"> <div class="ecl-page-header" ><div class="ecl-container"><div class="ecl-page-header__info--no-margin"><h1 class="ecl-page-header__title ecl-u-sr-only"><span>Energy</span></h1></div></div></div> </div> <main class="ecl-u-pb-xl" id="main-content" data-inpage-navigation-source-area="h2.ecl-u-type-heading-2, div.ecl-featured-item__heading"> <div class="ecl-container"> <div class="ecl-row"> <div class="ecl-col-s-12 ewcms-top-sidebar"> <div> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ecl-row"> <div class="ecl-col-s-12"> <div id="block-ewcms-theme-main-page-content" data-inpage-navigation-source-area="h2, div.ecl-featured-item__heading" class="ecl-u-mb-l"> <article dir="ltr"> <div> <div class="ecl-u-mb-2xl"> <a id="paragraph_2796"></a> <div> <section class="ecl-banner ecl-banner--m ecl-banner--font-m ecl-banner--box-bg-light ecl-banner--color-dark ecl-banner--h-center ecl-banner--v-center ecl-banner--full-width" data-ecl-banner data-ecl-auto-init="Banner" ><figure class="ecl-banner__picture-container"><picture class="ecl-picture ecl-banner__picture" data-ecl-banner-image ><source srcset="https://energy.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/styles/oe_theme_small_4_1_banner/public/2024-01/Homepage_banner_1904X481px%20v3.jpg.webp?itok=4LfxQPS9" media="(max-width: 480px)" ><source srcset="https://energy.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/styles/oe_theme_medium_4_1_banner/public/2024-01/Homepage_banner_1904X481px%20v3.jpg.webp?itok=kzsCeL3j" media="(max-width: 768px)" ><source srcset="https://energy.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/styles/oe_theme_large_4_1_banner/public/2024-01/Homepage_banner_1904X481px%20v3.jpg.webp?itok=vwIJsvtT" media="(max-width: 996px)" ><source srcset="https://energy.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/styles/oe_theme_extra_large_4_1_banner/public/2024-01/Homepage_banner_1904X481px%20v3.jpg.webp?itok=UFby1xzQ" media="(max-width: 1140px)" ><source srcset="https://energy.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/styles/oe_theme_full_width_banner_4_1/public/2024-01/Homepage_banner_1904X481px%20v3.jpg.webp?itok=InBQqxlV" media="(min-width: 1140px)" ><img class="ecl-banner__image" src="https://energy.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/styles/oe_theme_full_width_banner_4_1/public/2024-01/Homepage_banner_1904X481px%20v3.jpg.webp?itok=InBQqxlV" alt="" ></picture><footer class="ecl-banner__credit" data-ecl-banner-footer><div class="ecl-container">© European Union, 2024</div></footer></figure><div class="ecl-container ecl-banner__info"><div class="ecl-banner__container" data-ecl-banner-container ><div class="ecl-banner__content"><div class="ecl-banner__title"><span class="ecl-banner__title-text">EU energy policy</span></div><p class="ecl-banner__description"><span class="ecl-banner__description-text">Delivering secure, sustainable and affordable energy for European citizens and businesses.</span></p></div></div></div></section> </div> </div> <div class="ecl-u-mb-2xl"> <a id="paragraph_45"></a> <div id="block-news" class="ecl-u-mt-l"> <h2 class="ecl-u-type-heading-2">Latest news</h2> <div class="ecl-content-item-block"><div class="ecl-row"><div class="ecl-content-item-block__item contextual-region ecl-u-mb-l ecl-col-12 ecl-col-l-4 last-item-column"><article class="ecl-card" ><picture class="ecl-picture ecl-picture--zoom ecl-card__picture" data-ecl-picture-link ><img class="ecl-card__image" src="https://energy.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/styles/oe_theme_ratio_3_2_medium/public/2024-11/ExternalCharger_Twitter%20web%20%28002%29.jpg?h=5291bbce&itok=dQWN_3Nl" alt="" ></picture><div class="ecl-card__body"><div class="ecl-content-block ecl-card__content-block" data-ecl-auto-init="ContentBlock" data-ecl-content-block ><ul class="ecl-content-block__primary-meta-container"><li class="ecl-content-block__primary-meta-item">News announcement</li><li class="ecl-content-block__primary-meta-item"><time datetime="2024-11-18T12:00:00Z">18 November 2024</time></li></ul><div class="ecl-content-block__title"data-ecl-title-link><a href="/news/feedback-ecodesign-requirements-external-power-supplies-including-further-step-towards-common-2024-11-18_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone" >Feedback on ecodesign requirements for external power supplies – including a further step towards the common charger</a></div><ul class="ecl-content-block__secondary-meta-container"><li class="ecl-content-block__secondary-meta-item"><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--s ecl-content-block__secondary-meta-icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#clock"></use></svg><span class="ecl-content-block__secondary-meta-label">2 min read</span></li></ul></div></div></article></div><div class="ecl-content-item-block__item contextual-region ecl-u-mb-l ecl-col-12 ecl-col-l-4 last-item-column"><article class="ecl-card" ><picture class="ecl-picture ecl-picture--zoom ecl-card__picture" data-ecl-picture-link ><img class="ecl-card__image" src="https://energy.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/styles/oe_theme_ratio_3_2_medium/public/2024-11/SRI-News-Visual.png?h=f6b62088&itok=-h7W2-5X" alt="" ></picture><div class="ecl-card__body"><div class="ecl-content-block ecl-card__content-block" data-ecl-auto-init="ContentBlock" data-ecl-content-block ><ul class="ecl-content-block__primary-meta-container"><li class="ecl-content-block__primary-meta-item">News announcement</li><li class="ecl-content-block__primary-meta-item"><time datetime="2024-11-18T12:00:00Z">18 November 2024</time></li></ul><div class="ecl-content-block__title"data-ecl-title-link><a href="/news/eu-smart-readiness-indicator-launch-test-phase-portugal-2024-11-18_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone" >EU Smart Readiness Indicator: launch of test phase in Portugal</a></div><ul class="ecl-content-block__secondary-meta-container"><li class="ecl-content-block__secondary-meta-item"><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--s ecl-content-block__secondary-meta-icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#clock"></use></svg><span class="ecl-content-block__secondary-meta-label">1 min read</span></li></ul></div></div></article></div><div class="ecl-content-item-block__item contextual-region ecl-u-mb-l ecl-col-12 ecl-col-l-4 last-item-column last-item"><article class="ecl-card" ><picture class="ecl-picture ecl-picture--zoom ecl-card__picture" data-ecl-picture-link ><img class="ecl-card__image" src="https://energy.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/styles/oe_theme_ratio_3_2_medium/public/2024-11/IMG_7214.JPG?h=78ad2879&itok=M6uwSdHw" alt="" ></picture><div class="ecl-card__body"><div class="ecl-content-block ecl-card__content-block" data-ecl-auto-init="ContentBlock" data-ecl-content-block ><ul class="ecl-content-block__primary-meta-container"><li class="ecl-content-block__primary-meta-item">Statement</li><li class="ecl-content-block__primary-meta-item"><time datetime="2024-11-15T12:00:00Z">15 November 2024</time></li></ul><div class="ecl-content-block__title"data-ecl-title-link><a href="/news/statement-g7-ukraine-energy-coordination-group-and-government-ukraine-promoting-sustainable-green-2024-11-15_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone" >Statement of the G7+ Ukraine Energy Coordination Group and the Government of Ukraine promoting sustainable green recovery of Ukraine's energy system</a></div><ul class="ecl-content-block__secondary-meta-container"><li class="ecl-content-block__secondary-meta-item"><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--s ecl-content-block__secondary-meta-icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#clock"></use></svg><span class="ecl-content-block__secondary-meta-label">6 min read</span></li></ul></div></div></article></div></div><div class="ecl-row"><div class="ecl-content-item-block__button ecl-col-12"><div class="ecl-u-clearfix ecl-u-pv-m"><a href="https://energy.ec.europa.eu/news_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon" ><span class="ecl-link__label">See all news</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--rotate-180 ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></a></div></div></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="ecl-u-mb-2xl"> <a id="paragraph_32"></a> <div class="ecl-content-item-block"><div class="ecl-row"><div class="ecl-content-item-block__title ecl-col-12"><h2 class='ecl-u-type-heading-2'>Topics</h2></div></div><div class="ecl-row"><div class="ecl-content-item-block__item contextual-region ecl-u-mb-l ecl-col-12 ecl-col-l-4 "><article class="ecl-content-item" ><div class="ecl-content-block ecl-content-item__content-block" data-ecl-auto-init="ContentBlock" data-ecl-content-block ><div class="ecl-content-block__title"data-ecl-title-link><a href="/topics/energy-efficiency_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone" >Energy efficiency</a></div><div class="ecl-content-block__description"><div class="ecl"><p>Reducing energy consumption and achieving energy savings is essential to deliver the European Green Deal.</p></div></div></div></article></div><div class="ecl-content-item-block__item contextual-region ecl-u-mb-l ecl-col-12 ecl-col-l-4 "><article class="ecl-content-item" ><div class="ecl-content-block ecl-content-item__content-block" data-ecl-auto-init="ContentBlock" data-ecl-content-block ><div class="ecl-content-block__title"data-ecl-title-link><a href="/topics/renewable-energy_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone" >Renewable energy</a></div><div class="ecl-content-block__description"><div class="ecl"><p>Energy from renewable sources reduces greenhouse gas emissions and lowers our dependence on imported fossil fuels.</p></div></div></div></article></div><div class="ecl-content-item-block__item contextual-region ecl-u-mb-l ecl-col-12 ecl-col-l-4 "><article class="ecl-content-item" ><div class="ecl-content-block ecl-content-item__content-block" data-ecl-auto-init="ContentBlock" data-ecl-content-block ><div class="ecl-content-block__title"data-ecl-title-link><a href="/topics/markets-and-consumers_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone" >Markets and consumers</a></div><div class="ecl-content-block__description"><div class="ecl"><p>The EU's integrated internal energy market helps to keep energy affordable and guarantee secure supplies.</p></div></div></div></article></div><div class="ecl-content-item-block__item contextual-region ecl-u-mb-l ecl-col-12 ecl-col-l-4 "><article class="ecl-content-item" ><div class="ecl-content-block ecl-content-item__content-block" data-ecl-auto-init="ContentBlock" data-ecl-content-block ><div class="ecl-content-block__title"data-ecl-title-link><a href="/topics/energy-strategy_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone" >Energy strategy</a></div><div class="ecl-content-block__description"><div class="ecl"><p>The EU energy strategy aims to ensure secure, competitive, and sustainable energy for all businesses and citizens.</p></div></div></div></article></div><div class="ecl-content-item-block__item contextual-region ecl-u-mb-l ecl-col-12 ecl-col-l-4 "><article class="ecl-content-item" ><div class="ecl-content-block ecl-content-item__content-block" data-ecl-auto-init="ContentBlock" data-ecl-content-block ><div class="ecl-content-block__title"data-ecl-title-link><a href="/topics/carbon-management-and-fossil-fuels_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone" >Carbon management and fossil fuels</a></div><div class="ecl-content-block__description"><div class="ecl"><p>Industrial carbon management and a gradual phase-out of fossil fuels is key for a just and clean energy transition.</p></div></div></div></article></div><div class="ecl-content-item-block__item contextual-region ecl-u-mb-l ecl-col-12 ecl-col-l-4 "><article class="ecl-content-item" ><div class="ecl-content-block ecl-content-item__content-block" data-ecl-auto-init="ContentBlock" data-ecl-content-block ><div class="ecl-content-block__title"data-ecl-title-link><a href="/topics/infrastructure_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone" >Infrastructure</a></div><div class="ecl-content-block__description"><div class="ecl"><p>A modern energy infrastructure, connecting markets and regions, is crucial to meet the EU’s energy and climate goals.</p></div></div></div></article></div><div class="ecl-content-item-block__item contextual-region ecl-u-mb-l ecl-col-12 ecl-col-l-4 "><article class="ecl-content-item" ><div class="ecl-content-block ecl-content-item__content-block" data-ecl-auto-init="ContentBlock" data-ecl-content-block ><div class="ecl-content-block__title"data-ecl-title-link><a href="/topics/energy-security_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone" >Energy security</a></div><div class="ecl-content-block__description"><div class="ecl"><p>A resilient EU energy system ensures secure supplies at any time, even during human-made accidents, natural disasters or other disruptions.</p></div></div></div></article></div><div class="ecl-content-item-block__item contextual-region ecl-u-mb-l ecl-col-12 ecl-col-l-4 "><article class="ecl-content-item" ><div class="ecl-content-block ecl-content-item__content-block" data-ecl-auto-init="ContentBlock" data-ecl-content-block ><div class="ecl-content-block__title"data-ecl-title-link><a href="/topics/research-and-technology_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone" >Research and technology</a></div><div class="ecl-content-block__description"><div class="ecl"><p>Innovation in low-carbon and clean energy technologies are essential to fulfil the EU’s energy union strategy.</p></div></div></div></article></div><div class="ecl-content-item-block__item contextual-region ecl-u-mb-l ecl-col-12 ecl-col-l-4 "><article class="ecl-content-item" ><div class="ecl-content-block ecl-content-item__content-block" data-ecl-auto-init="ContentBlock" data-ecl-content-block ><div class="ecl-content-block__title"data-ecl-title-link><a href="/topics/funding-and-financing_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone" >Funding and financing</a></div><div class="ecl-content-block__description"><div class="ecl"><p>EU programmes, calls for tenders and private-public initiatives are available to finance energy projects.</p></div></div></div></article></div><div class="ecl-content-item-block__item contextual-region ecl-u-mb-l ecl-col-12 ecl-col-l-4 last-item-column"><article class="ecl-content-item" ><div class="ecl-content-block ecl-content-item__content-block" data-ecl-auto-init="ContentBlock" data-ecl-content-block ><div class="ecl-content-block__title"data-ecl-title-link><a href="/topics/international-cooperation_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone" >International cooperation</a></div><div class="ecl-content-block__description"><div class="ecl"><p>EU energy cooperation with countries around the world and international institutions.</p></div></div></div></article></div><div class="ecl-content-item-block__item contextual-region ecl-u-mb-l ecl-col-12 ecl-col-l-4 last-item-column"><article class="ecl-content-item" ><div class="ecl-content-block ecl-content-item__content-block" data-ecl-auto-init="ContentBlock" data-ecl-content-block ><div class="ecl-content-block__title"data-ecl-title-link><a href="/topics/nuclear-energy_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone" >Nuclear energy</a></div><div class="ecl-content-block__description"><div class="ecl"><p>The EU aims to ensure safe and secure use of civil nuclear energy, which in 2022 generated almost 22% of EUs electricity.</p></div></div></div></article></div><div class="ecl-content-item-block__item contextual-region ecl-u-mb-l ecl-col-12 ecl-col-l-4 last-item-column last-item"><article class="ecl-content-item" ><div class="ecl-content-block ecl-content-item__content-block" data-ecl-auto-init="ContentBlock" data-ecl-content-block ><div class="ecl-content-block__title"data-ecl-title-link><a href="/topics/energy-systems-integration_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone" >Energy system integration</a></div><div class="ecl-content-block__description"><div class="ecl"><p>Our energy systems need to be sufficiently flexible to facilitate cross-border, cross-sector innovation and investment.</p></div></div></div></article></div></div></div> </div> <div class="ecl-u-mb-2xl"> <a id="paragraph_2421"></a> <div id="block-highlights" class="ecl-u-mt-l"> <h2 class="ecl-u-type-heading-2">Highlights</h2> <div class="ecl-content-item-block"><div class="ecl-row"><div class="ecl-content-item-block__item contextual-region ecl-u-mb-l ecl-col-12 ecl-col-l-4 last-item-column"><article class="ecl-card" ><picture class="ecl-picture ecl-picture--zoom ecl-card__picture" data-ecl-picture-link ><img class="ecl-card__image" src="https://energy.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/styles/oe_theme_ratio_3_2_medium/public/2024-11/EUSEW%20Awards%202025_Blogpost_4.jpg?h=a1e1a043&itok=pqkEHagF" alt="" ></picture><div class="ecl-card__body"><div class="ecl-content-block ecl-card__content-block" data-ecl-auto-init="ContentBlock" data-ecl-content-block ><ul class="ecl-content-block__primary-meta-container"><li class="ecl-content-block__primary-meta-item">News announcement</li><li class="ecl-content-block__primary-meta-item"><time datetime="2024-11-19T12:00:00Z">19 November 2024</time></li></ul><div class="ecl-content-block__title"data-ecl-title-link><a href="/news/european-sustainable-energy-week-2025-applications-awards-open-2024-11-19_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone" >European Sustainable Energy Week 2025: Applications for awards open</a></div><div class="ecl-content-block__description"><p>The call for applications is open until 30 January 2025.</p></div><ul class="ecl-content-block__secondary-meta-container"><li class="ecl-content-block__secondary-meta-item"><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--s ecl-content-block__secondary-meta-icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#clock"></use></svg><span class="ecl-content-block__secondary-meta-label">1 min read</span></li></ul></div></div></article></div><div class="ecl-content-item-block__item contextual-region ecl-u-mb-l ecl-col-12 ecl-col-l-4 last-item-column"><article class="ecl-card" ><picture class="ecl-picture ecl-picture--zoom ecl-card__picture" data-ecl-picture-link ><img class="ecl-card__image" src="https://energy.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/styles/oe_theme_ratio_3_2_medium/public/2024-11/InFocus_November_News.jpg?h=e3dd40f0&itok=d8OTEXpA" alt="" ></picture><div class="ecl-card__body"><div class="ecl-content-block ecl-card__content-block" data-ecl-auto-init="ContentBlock" data-ecl-content-block ><ul class="ecl-content-block__primary-meta-container"><li class="ecl-content-block__primary-meta-item">News article</li><li class="ecl-content-block__primary-meta-item"><time datetime="2024-11-18T12:00:00Z">18 November 2024</time></li></ul><div class="ecl-content-block__title"data-ecl-title-link><a href="/news/focus-eu-leading-global-energy-transition-2024-11-18_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone" >In focus: EU leading the global energy transition</a></div><div class="ecl-content-block__description"><p>The EU is pursuing a bold agenda to promote a fair, sustainable, and ambitious global energy transition, which leaves no one behind.</p></div><ul class="ecl-content-block__secondary-meta-container"><li class="ecl-content-block__secondary-meta-item"><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--s ecl-content-block__secondary-meta-icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#clock"></use></svg><span class="ecl-content-block__secondary-meta-label">4 min read</span></li></ul></div></div></article></div><div class="ecl-content-item-block__item contextual-region ecl-u-mb-l ecl-col-12 ecl-col-l-4 last-item-column last-item"><article class="ecl-card" ><picture class="ecl-picture ecl-picture--zoom ecl-card__picture" data-ecl-picture-link ><img class="ecl-card__image" src="https://energy.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/styles/oe_theme_ratio_3_2_medium/public/2024-11/electronic%20displays_2024_web.jpg?h=5291bbce&itok=zJSWnYJN" alt="Woman sits on couch watching TV screen" ></picture><div class="ecl-card__body"><div class="ecl-content-block ecl-card__content-block" data-ecl-auto-init="ContentBlock" data-ecl-content-block ><ul class="ecl-content-block__primary-meta-container"><li class="ecl-content-block__primary-meta-item">News announcement</li><li class="ecl-content-block__primary-meta-item"><time datetime="2024-11-13T12:00:00Z">13 November 2024</time></li></ul><div class="ecl-content-block__title"data-ecl-title-link><a href="/news/public-consultation-launched-updating-ecodesign-and-labelling-rules-electronic-displays-2024-11-13_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone" >Public consultation launched on updating ecodesign and labelling rules for electronic displays</a></div><div class="ecl-content-block__description"><p>The consultation runs for 12 weeks.</p></div><ul class="ecl-content-block__secondary-meta-container"><li class="ecl-content-block__secondary-meta-item"><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--s ecl-content-block__secondary-meta-icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#clock"></use></svg><span class="ecl-content-block__secondary-meta-label">2 min read</span></li></ul></div></div></article></div></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="ecl-u-mb-2xl"> <a id="paragraph_380"></a> <div id="block-quicklinks" class="ecl-u-mt-l"> <h2 class="ecl-u-type-heading-2">Quick links</h2> <div class="ecl-content-item-block"><div class="ecl-row"><div class="ecl-content-item-block__item contextual-region ecl-u-mb-l ecl-col-12 ecl-col-l-6 "><article class="ecl-content-item" ><picture class="ecl-picture ecl-picture--zoom ecl-content-item__picture ecl-content-item__picture--large ecl-content-item__picture--left" data-ecl-picture-link ><img class="ecl-content-item__image" src="https://energy.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/styles/oe_theme_ratio_3_2_medium/public/2024-09/Ninth%20report%20on%20the%20state%20of%20the%20energy%20union.jpg?h=252f27fa&itok=NmtM0oCX" alt="" ></picture><div class="ecl-content-block ecl-content-item__content-block" data-ecl-auto-init="ContentBlock" data-ecl-content-block ><div class="ecl-content-block__title"data-ecl-title-link><a href="/topics/energy-strategy/energy-union/ninth-report-state-energy-union_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone" >Ninth report on the state of the energy union</a></div><div class="ecl-content-block__description">The 2024 State of the Energy Union report describes how the EU has managed unprecedented challenges in the energy policy landscape in recent years.</div><div class="ecl-content-block__list-container"></div></div></article></div><div class="ecl-content-item-block__item contextual-region ecl-u-mb-l ecl-col-12 ecl-col-l-6 "><article class="ecl-content-item" ><picture class="ecl-picture ecl-picture--zoom ecl-content-item__picture ecl-content-item__picture--large ecl-content-item__picture--left" data-ecl-picture-link ><img class="ecl-content-item__image" src="https://energy.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/styles/oe_theme_ratio_3_2_medium/public/2022-04/energy_prices_QuickLinck.jpg?itok=3mfcDcdY" alt="" ></picture><div class="ecl-content-block ecl-content-item__content-block" data-ecl-auto-init="ContentBlock" data-ecl-content-block ><div class="ecl-content-block__title"data-ecl-title-link><a href="/topics/markets-and-consumers/actions-and-measures-energy-prices_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone" >Action and measures on energy prices</a></div><div class="ecl-content-block__description">EU actions and measures to mitigate the impact of raising energy prices and increase the resilience of the EU’s energy system.</div><div class="ecl-content-block__list-container"></div></div></article></div><div class="ecl-content-item-block__item contextual-region ecl-u-mb-l ecl-col-12 ecl-col-l-6 last-item-column"><article class="ecl-content-item" ><picture class="ecl-picture ecl-picture--zoom ecl-content-item__picture ecl-content-item__picture--large ecl-content-item__picture--left" data-ecl-picture-link ><img class="ecl-content-item__image" src="https://energy.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/styles/oe_theme_ratio_3_2_medium/public/2022-04/EcoDesign_visual_Twitter_WM_EN.jpg?itok=nILP33lO" alt="Make a good choice, save energy, save money, Energy label, EU eco design" ></picture><div class="ecl-content-block ecl-content-item__content-block" data-ecl-auto-init="ContentBlock" data-ecl-content-block ><div class="ecl-content-block__title"data-ecl-title-link><a href="https://commission.europa.eu/energy-climate-change-environment/standards-tools-and-labels/products-labelling-rules-and-requirements/energy-label-and-ecodesign_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone" >Energy label and ecodesign</a></div><div class="ecl-content-block__description">The EU energy labelling and ecodesign legislation helps improve the energy efficiency of products on the EU market.</div></div></article></div><div class="ecl-content-item-block__item contextual-region ecl-u-mb-l ecl-col-12 ecl-col-l-6 last-item-column last-item"><article class="ecl-content-item" ><picture class="ecl-picture ecl-picture--zoom ecl-content-item__picture ecl-content-item__picture--large ecl-content-item__picture--left" data-ecl-picture-link ><img class="ecl-content-item__image" src="https://energy.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/styles/oe_theme_ratio_3_2_medium/public/2022-04/Oil_Report_QuickLinck.jpg?itok=VVHjtCsx" alt="" ></picture><div class="ecl-content-block ecl-content-item__content-block" data-ecl-auto-init="ContentBlock" data-ecl-content-block ><div class="ecl-content-block__title"data-ecl-title-link><a href="/data-and-analysis/weekly-oil-bulletin_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone" >Weekly Oil Bulletin</a></div><div class="ecl-content-block__description">Weekly updated information on consumer prices of petroleum products in all EU countries. </div><div class="ecl-content-block__list-container"></div></div></article></div></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="ecl-u-mb-2xl"> <a id="paragraph_62"></a> <div class="ecl"><h2>Web tools</h2></div> </div> <div class="ecl-u-mb-2xl"> <a id="paragraph_54"></a> <nav aria-labelledby="nav-label" class="ecl-contextual-navigation" data-ecl-contextual-navigation ><div id="nav-label" class="ecl-contextual-navigation__label"></div><ul class="ecl-contextual-navigation__list" data-ecl-contextual-navigation-list ><li class="ecl-contextual-navigation__item ecl-u-mb-s"><a href="https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-efficiency/energy-efficient-buildings/eu-building-stock-observatory_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-contextual-navigation__link" >EU Building Stock Observatory</a></li><li class="ecl-contextual-navigation__item ecl-u-mb-s"><a href="https://energy.ec.europa.eu/data-and-analysis/energy-union-indicators-webtool_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-contextual-navigation__link" >Energy union indicators webtool</a></li><li class="ecl-contextual-navigation__item ecl-u-mb-s"><a href="https://visitors-centre.jrc.ec.europa.eu/en/media/tools/energy-scenarios-explore-future-european-energy" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-contextual-navigation__link" >Energy scenarios</a></li><li class="ecl-contextual-navigation__item ecl-u-mb-s"><a href="https://energy.ec.europa.eu/data-and-analysis/energy-prices-and-costs-europe_en#energy-prices-and-costs-dashboards" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-contextual-navigation__link" >Energy prices and costs dashboards</a></li></ul></nav> </div> <div class="ecl-u-mb-2xl"> <a id="paragraph_795"></a> <h2 class='ecl-u-type-heading-2'>Featured video</h2> <article class="ecl-featured-item" ><div class="ecl-featured-item__container"><div class="ecl-featured-item__item"><div class="ecl-featured-item__title"><span class="ecl-featured-item__title-content">Industrial Carbon Management (ICM) </span></div><div class="ecl-featured-item__description"><div class="ecl"><p>ICM includes a range of technologies to capture, store, transport and use CO2 emissions from industrial and energy production facilities, as well as to remove CO2 from the atmosphere.</p><p>Watch this new video to find out how it will help the EU to become the first carbon-neutral continent by 2050 while ensuring that its industries and economy remain competitive in the global market.</p></div></div><a href="/topics/carbon-management-and-fossil-fuels/industrial-carbon-management_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon ecl-featured-item__link" ><span class="ecl-link__label">For more information, visit our Industrial carbon management page</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--rotate-90 ecl-icon--primary ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></a></div><div class="ecl-featured-item__item"><div class="ecl-media-container ecl-featured-item__media_container" data-ecl-media-container="true" data-ecl-auto-init="MediaContainer" ><figure class="ecl-media-container__figure"><div class="ecl-media-container__media ecl-media-container__media--ratio-16-9"><iframe id="videoplayerI-261226" src="https://ec.europa.eu/avservices/play.cfm?ref=I-261226&lg=EN&sublg=none&autoplay=true&tin=10&tout=59" frameborder="0" allowtransparency allowfullscreen webkitallowfullscreen mozallowfullscreen width="576" height="324" class="media-avportal-content"></iframe></div><figcaption class="ecl-media-container__caption"><div>© European Union, 2024</div></figcaption></figure></div></div></div></article> </div> <div class="ecl-u-mb-2xl"> <a id="paragraph_58"></a> <div id="block-events" class="ecl-u-mt-l"> <div class="ecl-content-item-block"><div class="ecl-row"><div class="ecl-content-item-block__title ecl-col-12"><h2 class='ecl-u-type-heading-2'>Events</h2></div></div><div class="ecl-row"><div class="ecl-content-item-block__item contextual-region ecl-u-mb-l ecl-col-12 ecl-col-l-6 "><article class="ecl-content-item ecl-content-item--inline" ><time class="ecl-date-block ecl-date-block--ongoing ecl-content-item__date" ><span class="ecl-date-block__day" aria-hidden="true">05</span><abbr title="December" class="ecl-date-block__month" aria-hidden="true">Dec</abbr><span class="ecl-date-block__year" aria-hidden="true">2024</span></time><div class="ecl-content-block ecl-content-item__content-block" data-ecl-auto-init="ContentBlock" data-ecl-content-block ><ul class="ecl-content-block__primary-meta-container"><li class="ecl-content-block__primary-meta-item">Conferences and summits</li></ul><div class="ecl-content-block__title"data-ecl-title-link><a href="/events/16th-citizens-energy-forum-2024-12-05_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone" >16th Citizens’ Energy Forum</a></div><div class="ecl-content-block__description"><div><ul class="ecl-unordered-list ecl-unordered-list--no-marker ecl-u-mh-none ecl-u-ph-none ecl-u-type-s ecl-u-mt-m"><li class="ecl-u-d-flex ecl-u-align-items-center ecl-unordered-list__item ecl-u-mh-none ecl-u-ph-none"><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-u-mr-s ecl-u-flex-shrink-0" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#location"></use></svg>Budapest, Hungary</li></ul></div></div><div class="ecl-content-block__list-container"></div></div></article></div><div class="ecl-content-item-block__item contextual-region ecl-u-mb-l ecl-col-12 ecl-col-l-6 last-item-column"><article class="ecl-content-item ecl-content-item--inline" ><time class="ecl-date-block ecl-date-block--ongoing ecl-content-item__date" ><span class="ecl-date-block__day" aria-hidden="true">13</span><abbr title="April" class="ecl-date-block__month" aria-hidden="true">Apr</abbr><span class="ecl-date-block__year" aria-hidden="true">2025</span></time><div class="ecl-content-block ecl-content-item__content-block" data-ecl-auto-init="ContentBlock" data-ecl-content-block ><ul class="ecl-content-block__primary-meta-container"><li class="ecl-content-block__primary-meta-item">Exhibitions</li></ul><div class="ecl-content-block__title"data-ecl-title-link><a href="https://eu-at-world-expos.europa.eu/events/opening-expo-2025-osaka-kansai-japan-2025-04-13_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone" >Opening of EXPO 2025 OSAKA, KANSAI, JAPAN</a></div><div class="ecl-content-block__description"><div><ul class="ecl-unordered-list ecl-unordered-list--no-marker ecl-u-mh-none ecl-u-ph-none ecl-u-type-s ecl-u-mt-m"><li class="ecl-u-d-flex ecl-u-align-items-center ecl-unordered-list__item ecl-u-mh-none ecl-u-ph-none"><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-u-mr-s ecl-u-flex-shrink-0" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#location"></use></svg>Osaka, Japan</li></ul></div></div><div class="ecl-content-block__list-container"></div></div></article></div><div class="ecl-content-item-block__item contextual-region ecl-u-mb-l ecl-col-12 ecl-col-l-6 last-item-column last-item"><article class="ecl-content-item ecl-content-item--inline" ><time class="ecl-date-block ecl-date-block--ongoing ecl-content-item__date" ><span class="ecl-date-block__day" aria-hidden="true">15</span><span class="ecl-date-block__month">May</span><span class="ecl-date-block__year" aria-hidden="true">2025</span></time><div class="ecl-content-block ecl-content-item__content-block" data-ecl-auto-init="ContentBlock" data-ecl-content-block ><ul class="ecl-content-block__primary-meta-container"><li class="ecl-content-block__primary-meta-item">Partner meetings</li></ul><div class="ecl-content-block__title"data-ecl-title-link><a href="/events/7th-meeting-equality-platform-2025-05-15_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone" >7th meeting of the Equality Platform</a></div><div class="ecl-content-block__description"><div><ul class="ecl-unordered-list ecl-unordered-list--no-marker ecl-u-mh-none ecl-u-ph-none ecl-u-type-s ecl-u-mt-m"><li class="ecl-u-d-flex ecl-u-align-items-center ecl-unordered-list__item ecl-u-mh-none ecl-u-ph-none"><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-u-mr-s ecl-u-flex-shrink-0" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#location"></use></svg>Florence, Italy</li></ul></div></div><div class="ecl-content-block__list-container"></div></div></article></div></div><div class="ecl-u-border-color-neutral ecl-u-border-width-1 ecl-u-border-top"></div><div class="ecl-row"><div class="ecl-content-item-block__button ecl-col-12"><div class="ecl-u-clearfix ecl-u-pv-m"><a href="https://energy.ec.europa.eu/events_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon" ><span class="ecl-link__label">See all events</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--rotate-180 ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></a></div></div></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="ecl-u-mb-2xl"> <a id="paragraph_3947"></a> <div class="ecl-content-item-block"><div class="ecl-row"><div class="ecl-content-item-block__title ecl-col-12"><h2 class='ecl-u-type-heading-2'>Events and newsletters</h2></div></div><div class="ecl-row"><div class="ecl-content-item-block__item contextual-region ecl-u-mb-l ecl-col-12 ecl-col-l-6 last-item-column"><article class="ecl-navigation-list__item" ><picture class="ecl-picture ecl-navigation-list__picture" ><img class="ecl-navigation-list__image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/oe_theme_ratio_3_2_medium/public/2024-06/HomePage_Events%C2%A9AdobeStock_Kasto.jpeg?h=a1e7fa2d&itok=OIYmR9-j" alt="" ></picture><div class="ecl-content-block ecl-navigation-list__content-block" data-ecl-auto-init="ContentBlock" data-ecl-content-block ><div class="ecl-content-block__title"data-ecl-title-link><a href="/yearly-energy-policy-events-and-forums_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone" >Recurrent events</a></div><div class="ecl-content-block__description"><div class="ecl"><p>DG Energy organises a series of conferences and forums on a yearly basis - they are all listed here.</p></div></div></div></article></div><div class="ecl-content-item-block__item contextual-region ecl-u-mb-l ecl-col-12 ecl-col-l-6 last-item-column last-item"><article class="ecl-navigation-list__item" ><picture class="ecl-picture ecl-navigation-list__picture" ><img class="ecl-navigation-list__image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/oe_theme_ratio_3_2_medium/public/2024-06/HomePage_Newsletter%C2%A9AdobeStock_Thaweerat.jpeg?h=790be497&itok=RhiJ2P50" alt="" ></picture><div class="ecl-content-block ecl-navigation-list__content-block" data-ecl-auto-init="ContentBlock" data-ecl-content-block ><div class="ecl-content-block__title"data-ecl-title-link><a href="/newsletters_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone" >Newsletters</a></div><div class="ecl-content-block__description"><div class="ecl"><p>Subscribe - for free - to any of our 14 newsletters.</p></div></div></div></article></div></div></div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ecl-row"> <div class="ecl-col-s-12"> <div> <div id="block-ewcms-theme-socialshare"> <div class="ecl-social-media-share"> <p class="ecl-social-media-share__description"> Share this page </p> <script type="application/json">{"service":"share","version":"2.0","networks":["twitter","facebook","linkedin","email","more"],"display":"icons","stats":true,"selection":true}</script> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <div id="block-ewcms-theme-pagefeedbackform"> <script type="application/json">{"service":"dff","id":"otPG8q53_dff_v2","lang":"en","version":"2.0"}</script> </div> <footer class="ecl-site-footer" data-logo-area-label-en="Home - European Commission" ><div class="ecl-container ecl-site-footer__container"><div class="ecl-site-footer__row"><div class="ecl-site-footer__column"><div class="ecl-site-footer__section ecl-site-footer__section--site-info"><div class="ecl-site-footer__title"><a href="https://energy.ec.europa.eu/index_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-site-footer__title-link" >Energy</a></div><div class="ecl-site-footer__description">This site is managed by:<br />Directorate-General for Energy</div><ul class="ecl-site-footer__list"><li class="ecl-site-footer__list-item"><a href="/accessibility-statement_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--inverted ecl-site-footer__link" data-is-accessibility-link="true" >Accessibility</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="ecl-site-footer__column"><div class="ecl-site-footer__section"><div class="ecl-site-footer__title">Contact us</div><ul class="ecl-site-footer__list"><li class="ecl-site-footer__list-item"><a href="https://commission.europa.eu/about-european-commission/departments-and-executive-agencies/energy_en#contact" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--inverted ecl-site-footer__link" data-section-label-untranslated="Contact us" data-footer-link-label="Contact" >Contact</a></li></ul></div><div class="ecl-site-footer__section"><div class="ecl-site-footer__title">Follow us</div><ul class="ecl-site-footer__list ecl-site-footer__list--inline"><li class="ecl-site-footer__list-item"><a href="https://twitter.com/Energy4Europe" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--inverted ecl-link--icon ecl-site-footer__link" data-section-label-untranslated="Follow us" data-footer-link-label="Twitter" ><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--m ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons-social-media/sprites/icons-social-media.svg#twitter-negative"></use></svg><span class="ecl-link__label">Twitter</span></a></li><li class="ecl-site-footer__list-item"><a href="https://energy.ec.europa.eu/newsletters_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--inverted ecl-site-footer__link" data-section-label-untranslated="Follow us" data-footer-link-label="DG Energy newsletters" >DG Energy newsletters</a></li><li class="ecl-site-footer__list-item"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/@EUEnergy" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--inverted ecl-link--icon ecl-site-footer__link" data-section-label-untranslated="Follow us" data-footer-link-label="Youtube" ><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--m ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons-social-media/sprites/icons-social-media.svg#youtube-negative"></use></svg><span class="ecl-link__label">Youtube</span></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="ecl-site-footer__column"><div class="ecl-site-footer__section"><div class="ecl-site-footer__title">About us</div><ul class="ecl-site-footer__list"><li class="ecl-site-footer__list-item"><a href="https://commission.europa.eu/about-european-commission/departments-and-executive-agencies/energy_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--inverted ecl-site-footer__link" data-section-label-untranslated="About us" data-footer-link-label="Directorate-General for Energy" >Directorate-General for Energy</a></li></ul></div><div class="ecl-site-footer__section"><div class="ecl-site-footer__title">Related sites</div><ul class="ecl-site-footer__list"><li class="ecl-site-footer__list-item"><a href="https://commission.europa.eu/about-european-commission/departments-and-executive-agencies/energy_en#related-links" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--inverted ecl-site-footer__link" data-section-label-untranslated="Related sites" data-footer-link-label="Energy policy related web sites " >Energy policy related web sites </a></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="ecl-site-footer__row"><div class="ecl-site-footer__column"><div class="ecl-site-footer__section ecl-footer-class-links"><div class="ecl-site-footer__description">More information on:</div><ul class="ecl-site-footer__list"><li class="ecl-site-footer__list-item"><a href="https://commission.europa.eu/energy-climate-change-environment_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--inverted ecl-site-footer__link" data-footer-class-link-en="Energy, Climate change, Environment" >Energy, Climate change, Environment</a></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="ecl-site-footer__row"><div class="ecl-site-footer__column"><div class="ecl-site-footer__section"><a href="https://commission.europa.eu/index_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-site-footer__logo-link" ><picture class="ecl-picture ecl-site-footer__picture" title="European Commission" ><source srcset="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/logo/negative/logo-ec--en.svg" media="(min-width: 996px)" ><img class="ecl-site-footer__logo-image" src="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/logo/negative/logo-ec--en.svg" alt="European Commission logo" ></picture></a></div></div><div class="ecl-site-footer__column"><div class="ecl-site-footer__section"><ul class="ecl-site-footer__list"><li class="ecl-site-footer__list-item"><a href="https://commission.europa.eu/about-european-commission/contact_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--inverted ecl-site-footer__link" data-section-label-untranslated="service_navigation" data-footer-link-label="Contact the European Commission" >Contact the European Commission</a></li><li class="ecl-site-footer__list-item"><a href="https://european-union.europa.eu/contact-eu/social-media-channels_en#/search?page=0&institutions=european_commission" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--inverted ecl-site-footer__link" data-section-label-untranslated="service_navigation" data-footer-link-label="Follow the European Commission on social media" >Follow the European Commission on social media</a></li><li class="ecl-site-footer__list-item"><a href="https://commission.europa.eu/resources-partners_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--inverted ecl-site-footer__link" data-section-label-untranslated="service_navigation" data-footer-link-label="Resources for partners" >Resources for partners</a></li><li class="ecl-site-footer__list-item"><a href="https://commission.europa.eu/legal-notice/vulnerability-disclosure-policy_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--inverted ecl-site-footer__link" data-section-label-untranslated="service_navigation" data-footer-link-label="Report an IT vulnerability" >Report an IT vulnerability</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="ecl-site-footer__column"><div class="ecl-site-footer__section"><ul class="ecl-site-footer__list"><li class="ecl-site-footer__list-item"><a href="https://commission.europa.eu/languages-our-websites_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--inverted ecl-site-footer__link" data-section-label-untranslated="legal_navigation" data-footer-link-label="Languages on our websites" >Languages on our websites</a></li><li class="ecl-site-footer__list-item"><a href="https://commission.europa.eu/cookies_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--inverted ecl-site-footer__link" data-section-label-untranslated="legal_navigation" data-footer-link-label="Cookies" >Cookies</a></li><li class="ecl-site-footer__list-item"><a href="https://commission.europa.eu/privacy-policy_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--inverted ecl-site-footer__link" data-section-label-untranslated="legal_navigation" data-footer-link-label="Privacy policy" >Privacy policy</a></li><li class="ecl-site-footer__list-item"><a href="https://commission.europa.eu/legal-notice_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--inverted ecl-site-footer__link" data-section-label-untranslated="legal_navigation" data-footer-link-label="Legal notice" >Legal notice</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></footer> </div> <script type="application/json">{"utility":"piwik","siteID":"357","sitePath":["energy.ec.europa.eu"],"instance":"ec.europa.eu","dimensions":[{"id":3,"value":"Landing Page"},{"id":4,"value":"energy-policy"},{"id":5,"value":"Directorate-General-for-Energy"},{"id":6,"value":"Energy"},{"id":7,"value":"2d6fc691-60d7-4409-900d-a6d57d21af9e"},{"id":8,"value":"EC - STANDARDISED"},{"id":9,"value":"energy-policy"}]}</script> <script type="application/json">{"utility":"cck"}</script> <script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","pathPrefix":"","currentPath":"node\/1","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":true,"currentLanguage":"en","urlSuffixes":["bg","cs","da","de","et","el","en","es","fr","ga","hr","it","lv","lt","hu","mt","nl","pl","pt","ro","sk","sl","fi","sv","tr","ar","ca","is","no","uk","ru","zh","lb","sw","he","ja"]},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"ajaxTrustedUrl":{"form_action_p_pvdeGsVG5zNF_XLGPTvYSKCf43t8qZYSwcfZl2uzM":true},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"1e1df034623231d5c0bd1e90c24f5dda9a46af28086d1f1cd84e2746a7394e50"}}</script> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_2TFykUO1Aj5dweAHlaQp0zPgESYVOVbwHTEU2DpcL1Y.js?scope=footer&delta=0&language=en&theme=ewcms_theme&include=eJxVjuEKgzAMhF_I6SOFWDMtpElp0jrfflWUsR-BOy58d0qw0-yqbNNSakYeH_-yhMVZcaEyKIFvlGgKmrIKiQPHuWA5gMIvpY9TEWSwtg60h2RPcGns0eEx2J2lyh45ylqR75eEYYvSeQXFGD2qgGgva_QPDGC1NDqGGiGjn73W14n3DSDYxlt39GnjerEGy5j6yaTzu1pApy-9LWgj"></script> <script src="https://webtools.europa.eu/load.js" defer></script> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_j6Or3z3wIc4b7ipvwL7Aqjvi4eLfBmsCjWTT6Zm2a88.js?scope=footer&delta=2&language=en&theme=ewcms_theme&include=eJxVjuEKgzAMhF_I6SOFWDMtpElp0jrfflWUsR-BOy58d0qw0-yqbNNSakYeH_-yhMVZcaEyKIFvlGgKmrIKiQPHuWA5gMIvpY9TEWSwtg60h2RPcGns0eEx2J2lyh45ylqR75eEYYvSeQXFGD2qgGgva_QPDGC1NDqGGiGjn73W14n3DSDYxlt39GnjerEGy5j6yaTzu1pApy-9LWgj"></script> <script src="https://ec.europa.eu/wel/surveys/wr_survey01/wr_survey.js" defer></script> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_o6x4_Y6ZkzE6fev-iA10yL5KoJvIvdgRbbGncKhAlZE.js?scope=footer&delta=4&language=en&theme=ewcms_theme&include=eJxVjuEKgzAMhF_I6SOFWDMtpElp0jrfflWUsR-BOy58d0qw0-yqbNNSakYeH_-yhMVZcaEyKIFvlGgKmrIKiQPHuWA5gMIvpY9TEWSwtg60h2RPcGns0eEx2J2lyh45ylqR75eEYYvSeQXFGD2qgGgva_QPDGC1NDqGGiGjn73W14n3DSDYxlt39GnjerEGy5j6yaTzu1pApy-9LWgj"></script> </body> </html>