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class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 149 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-149" aria-hidden="true" > 149 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579_%E1%8A%A5.%E1%8A%A4.%E1%8A%A0." title="1579 እ.ኤ.አ. – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="1579 እ.ኤ.አ." data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579_%D5%A9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="1579 թուական – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="1579 թուական" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B5%DB%B7%DB%B9_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۵۷۹ (میلادی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۱۵۷۹ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AB%E0%A7%AD%E0%A7%AF" title="১৫৭৯ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="১৫৭৯" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579_n%C3%AE" title="1579 nî – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1579 nî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Banyumasan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579." title="1579. – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1579." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B5%DB%B7%DB%B9_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۵۷۹ (میلادی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="۱۵۷۹ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579%E5%B9%B4" title="1579年 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1579年" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579%EB%85%84" title="1579년 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1579년" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AB%E0%A5%AD%E0%A5%AF" title="१५७९ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="१५७९" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579." title="1579. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="1579." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AB%E0%A7%AD%E0%A7%AF" title="মারি ১৫৭৯ – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মারি ১৫৭৯" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579-%C3%A6%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="1579-æм аз – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1579-æм аз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579_%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1579 джыл – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="1579 джыл" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Къарачай-малкъар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1579 жыл – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="1579 жыл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kotava</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579_(almanak_jilyen)" title="1579 (almanak jilyen) – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="1579 (almanak jilyen)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579_%D0%B8" title="1579 и – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="1579 и" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579._gads" title="1579. gads – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1579. gads" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579_m." title="1579 m. – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="1579 m." data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AB%E0%A5%AD%E0%A5%AF" title="१५७९ – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="१५७९" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8._%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AB%E0%A5%AD%E0%A5%AF" title="इ.स. १५७९ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स. १५७९" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B5%DB%B7%DB%B9" title="۱۵۷۹ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="۱۵۷۹" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579_ni%C3%A8ng" title="1579 nièng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1579 nièng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%81%E1%81%85%E1%81%87%E1%81%89" title="၁၅၇၉ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၁၅၇၉" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nāhuatl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AB%E0%A5%AD%E0%A5%AF" title="सन् १५७९ – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सन् १५७९" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579%E5%B9%B4" title="1579年 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1579年" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AD%A7%E0%AD%AB%E0%AD%AD%E0%AD%AF" title="୧୫୭୯ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="୧୫୭୯" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AB%E0%A5%AD%E0%A5%AF" title="१५७९ – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="१५७९" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="1579 год – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1579 год" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AB%E0%A5%AD%E0%A5%AF" title="१५७९ – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="१५७९" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho sa Leboa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579%D8%B9" title="1579ع – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="1579ع" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%A1%D9%A5%D9%A7%D9%A9" title="١٥٧٩ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="١٥٧٩" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579." title="1579. – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1579." data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1579 ел – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1579 ел" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">တႆး</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._2122" title="พ.ศ. 2122 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พ.ศ. 2122" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1579" title="Соли 1579 – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Соли 1579" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579%D8%A1" title="1579ء – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1579ء" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579%E5%B9%B4" title="1579年 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1579年" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579" title="1579 – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="1579" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1579%E5%B9%B4" title="1579年 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1579年" data-language-autonym="粵語" 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Years</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Millennium</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Centuries</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/15th_century" title="15th century">15th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16th_century" title="16th century">16th century</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/17th_century" title="17th century">17th century</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Decades</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1550s" title="1550s">1550s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1560s" title="1560s">1560s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1570s" title="1570s">1570s</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/1580s" title="1580s">1580s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1590s" title="1590s">1590s</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_years" title="List of years">Years</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_1576" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1576">1576</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1577" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1577">1577</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1578" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1578">1578</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1579" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1579">1579</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1580" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1580">1580</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1581" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1581">1581</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1582" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1582">1582</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Year_nav" title="Template:Year nav"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Year_nav" title="Template talk:Year nav"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Year_nav" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Year nav"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Unie_van_Utrecht.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Unie_van_Utrecht.jpg/250px-Unie_van_Utrecht.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Unie_van_Utrecht.jpg/330px-Unie_van_Utrecht.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Unie_van_Utrecht.jpg/500px-Unie_van_Utrecht.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1764" data-file-height="2636" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/January_23" title="January 23">January 23</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Utrecht" title="Union of Utrecht">Union of Utrecht</a> is signed.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Category:1579" title="Category:1579">1579 by topic</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Arts and science</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1570s_in_architecture" title="1570s in architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1579_in_art" title="1579 in art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1579_in_literature" title="1579 in literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1579_in_music" title="1579 in music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1579_in_science" title="1579 in science">Science</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Leaders</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_sovereign_states_in_1579&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of sovereign states in 1579 (page does not exist)">Political entities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_1579" class="mw-redirect" title="List of state leaders in 1579">State leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_dependent_territories_in_the_16th_century" title="List of governors of dependent territories in the 16th century">Colonial governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_16th-century_religious_leaders" title="List of 16th-century religious leaders">Religious leaders</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Birth and death categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <a href="/wiki/Category:1579_births" title="Category:1579 births">Births</a> – <a href="/wiki/Category:1579_deaths" title="Category:1579 deaths">Deaths</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Establishments and disestablishments categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <a href="/wiki/Category:1579_establishments" title="Category:1579 establishments">Establishments</a> – <a href="/wiki/Category:1579_disestablishments" title="Category:1579 disestablishments">Disestablishments</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Works category</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1579_works" title="Category:1579 works">Works</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:C11%E2%80%9317_year_in_topic" title="Template:C11–17 year in topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:C11%E2%80%9317_year_in_topic" title="Template talk:C11–17 year in topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:C11%E2%80%9317_year_in_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:C11–17 year in topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox vevent" style="width:22em"><caption style="font-size:125%">1579 in various <a href="/wiki/Calendar_era" title="Calendar era">calendars</a></caption><tbody><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a></td><td>1579 MDLXXIX</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ab_urbe_condita" title="Ab urbe condita">Ab urbe condita</a></td><td>2332</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Armenian_calendar" title="Armenian calendar">Armenian calendar</a></td><td>1028 ԹՎ ՌԻԸ</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_calendar" title="Assyrian calendar">Assyrian calendar</a></td><td>6329</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Balinese_saka_calendar" title="Balinese saka calendar">Balinese saka calendar</a></td><td>1500–1501</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Bengali_calendar" title="Bengali calendar">Bengali calendar</a></td><td>985–986</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Berber_calendar" title="Berber calendar">Berber calendar</a></td><td>2529</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Regnal_years_of_English_and_British_monarchs" title="Regnal years of English and British monarchs">English Regnal year</a></td><td>21 <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I" title="Elizabeth I">Eliz. 1</a> – 22 <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I" title="Elizabeth I">Eliz. 1</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_calendar" title="Buddhist calendar">Buddhist calendar</a></td><td>2123</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Burmese_calendar" title="Burmese calendar">Burmese calendar</a></td><td>941</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_calendar" title="Byzantine calendar">Byzantine calendar</a></td><td>7087–7088</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sexagenary_cycle" title="Sexagenary cycle">戊寅</a>年 (Earth <a href="/wiki/Tiger_(zodiac)" title="Tiger (zodiac)">Tiger</a>) 4276 or 4069     — to — 己卯年 (Earth <a href="/wiki/Rabbit_(zodiac)" title="Rabbit (zodiac)">Rabbit</a>) 4277 or 4070</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Coptic_calendar" title="Coptic calendar">Coptic calendar</a></td><td>1295–1296</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Discordian_calendar" title="Discordian calendar">Discordian calendar</a></td><td>2745</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar" title="Ethiopian calendar">Ethiopian calendar</a></td><td>1571–1572</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar</a></td><td>5339–5340</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu calendars</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> - <a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Vikram Samvat</a></td><td>1635–1636</td></tr><tr><td> - <a href="/wiki/Indian_national_calendar" title="Indian national calendar">Shaka Samvat</a></td><td>1500–1501</td></tr><tr><td> - <a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali Yuga</a></td><td>4679–4680</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Holocene_calendar" title="Holocene calendar">Holocene calendar</a></td><td>11579</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Igbo_calendar" title="Igbo calendar">Igbo calendar</a></td><td>579–580</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Iranian_calendars" title="Iranian calendars">Iranian calendar</a></td><td>957–958</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</a></td><td>986–987</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Japanese_calendar" title="Japanese calendar">Japanese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Tensh%C5%8D_(Momoyama_period)" title="Tenshō (Momoyama period)">Tenshō</a> 7 (天正７年)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Javanese_calendar" title="Javanese calendar">Javanese calendar</a></td><td>1498–1499</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a></td><td>1579 MDLXXIX</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Korean_calendar" title="Korean calendar">Korean calendar</a></td><td>3912</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minguo_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Minguo calendar">Minguo calendar</a></td><td>333 before <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">ROC</a> 民前333年</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Nanakshahi_calendar" title="Nanakshahi calendar">Nanakshahi calendar</a></td><td>111</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Thai_solar_calendar" title="Thai solar calendar">Thai solar calendar</a></td><td>2121–2122</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_calendar" title="Tibetan calendar">Tibetan calendar</a></td><td>阳土虎年 (male Earth-<a href="/wiki/Tiger_(zodiac)" title="Tiger (zodiac)">Tiger</a>) 1705 or 1324 or 552     — to — 阴土兔年 (female Earth-<a href="/wiki/Rabbit_(zodiac)" title="Rabbit (zodiac)">Rabbit</a>) 1706 or 1325 or 553</td></tr></tbody></table> Year 1579 (<a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">MDLXXIX</a>) was a <a href="/wiki/Common_year_starting_on_Thursday" title="Common year starting on Thursday">common year starting on Thursday</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Common_year_starting_on_Monday" title="Common year starting on Monday">common year starting on Monday</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Proleptic_Gregorian_calendar" title="Proleptic Gregorian calendar">Proleptic Gregorian calendar</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1579&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Events">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January–March">January–March</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1579&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: January–March">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_6" title="January 6">January 6</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Arras" title="Union of Arras">Union of Arras</a> unites the southern <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Netherlands" title="Spanish Netherlands">Netherlands</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Farnese,_Duke_of_Parma_and_Piacenza" class="mw-redirect" title="Alessandro Farnese, Duke of Parma and Piacenza">Duke of Parma</a>, governor in the name of king <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip II of Spain</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Holt2002-1">[1]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_23" title="January 23">January 23</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Utrecht" title="Union of Utrecht">Union of Utrecht</a> unites the northern Netherlands in a confederation called the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">United Provinces</a>. <a href="/wiki/William_I_of_Orange" class="mw-redirect" title="William I of Orange">William I of Orange</a> becomes Stadtholder, and the <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois,_Duke_of_Anjou" class="mw-redirect" title="François, Duke of Anjou">Duc d'Anjou</a>, younger brother of <a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_France" title="Henry III of France">Henry III of France</a>, is invited to become hereditary sovereign.<a href="#cite_note-Holt2002-1">[1]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_4" title="February 4">February 4</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Calvinist_Republic_of_Ghent" title="Calvinist Republic of Ghent">Ghent Republic</a> joins the Union of Utrecht.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_28" title="February 28">February 28</a> – The seizure in September by <a href="/wiki/Willem_IV_van_den_Bergh" title="Willem IV van den Bergh">Willem IV van den Bergh</a>, of the <a href="/wiki/Boxmeer_Castle" title="Boxmeer Castle">Boxmeer Castle</a> in September in the Netherlands is condemned by the other Dutch members of the Union of Utrecht.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1" title="March 1">March 1</a> – Off of the coast of what is now <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a>, the English <a href="/wiki/Galleon" title="Galleon">galleon</a> <a href="/wiki/Golden_Hind" title="Golden Hind">Golden Hind</a>, captained by <a href="/wiki/Francis_Drake" title="Francis Drake">Francis Drake</a>, captures the Spanish freighter <a href="/wiki/Nuestra_Se%C3%B1ora_de_la_Concepci%C3%B3n" title="Nuestra Señora de la Concepción">Nuestra Señora de la Concepción</a> (unofficially called "Cagafuego") and its cargo, including 26 tons of silver and 1,000 pounds of gold.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2" title="March 2">March 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Borgerhout" title="Battle of Borgerhout">Battle of Borgerhout</a> in Brabant (now <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>): Spanish troops under the command of the Duke of Parma overwhelm rebels fighting for the Union of Utrecht.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_12" title="March 12">March 12</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Maastricht_(1579)" title="Siege of Maastricht (1579)">Siege of Maastricht</a>, a center of the Dutch resistance to Spanish rule, is started in the Netherlands by Spanish troops under the command of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Farnese,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma">Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma</a>.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> The siege will last almost four months before Maastricht falls on July 1.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="April–June">April–June</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1579&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: April–June">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_10" title="April 10">April 10</a> – In the village of <a href="/wiki/Cuers" title="Cuers">Cuers</a> in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Toulon" title="Toulon">Toulon</a> rebel peasants kill 600 nobles and upper-class gentlemen of the Catholic League serving the Count of Carces.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_17" title="May 17">May 17</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Arras_(1579)" title="Treaty of Arras (1579)">Treaty of Arras</a> is concluded between Spain (represented by the Duke of Parma), and members of the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Arras" title="Union of Arras">Union of Arras</a> that had been formed in January. The Union of Utrecht continues its resistance against Spain while the <a href="/wiki/County_of_Hainaut" title="County of Hainaut">County of Hainaut</a>, the <a href="/wiki/County_of_Artois" title="County of Artois">County of Artois</a>, and the cities of <a href="/wiki/Douai" title="Douai">Douai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orchies" title="Orchies">Orchies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arras" title="Arras">Arras</a> agree to a separate peace under Spanish rule.<a href="#cite_note-JIsrael-8">[8]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_21" title="May 21">May 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mimaomote" title="Battle of Mimaomote">Battle of Mimaomote</a>: In <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, Doi Kiyonaga defeats the forces of Kumu Yorinobu.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_17" title="June 17">June 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francis_Drake" title="Francis Drake">Francis Drake</a>, during <a href="/wiki/Francis_Drake%27s_Circumnavigation" class="mw-redirect" title="Francis Drake's Circumnavigation">his circumnavigation</a> of the world, lands in modern-day <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, which he claims for <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth I of England">Queen Elizabeth I</a>.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> With an <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">English</a> claim here and in <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_(island)" title="Newfoundland (island)">Newfoundland</a>, it becomes the basis for English colonial charters which will claim all land from the Atlantic to the Pacific, from "sea to sea." Drake's claim is called <a href="/wiki/Nova_Albion" class="mw-redirect" title="Nova Albion">Nova Albion</a> (New England), and subsequent maps will show all lands north of New Spain and New Mexico under this name.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July–September">July–September</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1579&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: July–September">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_1" title="July 1">July 1</a> – Maastricht surrenders to Spanish troops after a surprise attack by the Duke of Parma, who had besieged the city for more than three months.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_13" title="July 13">July 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Karlovac" title="Karlovac">Karlovac</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia_(Habsburg)" title="Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg)">Croatia</a> is founded.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_17" title="July 17">July 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_FitzMaurice_FitzGerald" title="James FitzMaurice FitzGerald">James FitzMaurice FitzGerald</a> lands with a small force of Irish, Spanish, and Italian troops at <a href="/wiki/Smerwick" class="mw-redirect" title="Smerwick">Smerwick</a>, on the Dingle Peninsula in south-western Ireland, and commences the <a href="/wiki/Second_Desmond_Rebellion" title="Second Desmond Rebellion">Second Desmond Rebellion</a> against the rule in Ireland of <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth I of England">Elizabeth I of England</a>.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_6" title="August 6">August 6</a> – In the Spanish-controlled Netherlands, the representatives of the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Utrecht" title="Union of Utrecht">Union of Utrecht</a> declare that they will no longer respect the authority of <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">King Philip of Spain</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_17" title="August 17">August 17</a> – "<a href="/wiki/Yasuke" title="Yasuke">Yasuke</a>", a man of African origin who has been hired as a manager by the Chancellor of the Realm, <a href="/wiki/Oda_Nobunaga" title="Oda Nobunaga">Oda Nobunaga</a>, arrives in <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>. Called "The Black Samurai" in dramatizations of his experience, he begins a service of three years to the Chancellor, ending on June 21, 1582.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_30" title="August 30">August 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Livonian_War" title="Livonian War">Livonian War</a>: In what is now <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a>, the city of <a href="/wiki/Polotsk" title="Polotsk">Polotsk</a> falls to the forces of <a href="/wiki/Stephen_B%C3%A1thory" title="Stephen Báthory">Stephen Báthory</a>, Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_10" title="September 10">September 10</a> – (5th waning of Tawthalin <a href="/wiki/Burmese_calendar" title="Burmese calendar">941 ME</a>) In the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mrauk_U" title="Kingdom of Mrauk U">Kingdom of Mrauk U</a> in what is now Myanmar and Bangladesh, King <a href="/wiki/Min_Phalaung" title="Min Phalaung">Min Phalaung</a> becomes the owner of the first of three white elephants, and gives himself the title of Hsinbyushin.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_12" title="September 12">September 12</a> – Amendments are made to the May 17 Treaty of Arras, with further concessions to Spain by the Union of Arras. The final version is promulgated by King Philip of Spain in <a href="/wiki/Mons,_Belgium" title="Mons, Belgium">Mons</a>, one of the regions in the Arras Union.<a href="#cite_note-JIsrael-8">[8]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_28" title="September 28">September 28</a> – In <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>, a mutual assistance pact was signed at <a href="/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne">Lucerne</a> between representatives of Roman Catholic <a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">cantons</a> by the efforts of the Catholic Bishop of Basel, <a href="/wiki/Jakob_Christoph_Blarer_von_Wartensee" title="Jakob Christoph Blarer von Wartensee">Jakob Christoph Blarer von Wartensee</a>.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="October–December">October–December</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1579&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: October–December">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_5" title="October 5">October 5</a> – At <a href="/wiki/Banda_Aceh" title="Banda Aceh">Banda Aceh</a>, on the island of <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a> in what is now <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alauddin_Mansur_Syah" title="Alauddin Mansur Syah">Alauddin Mansur Syah</a> becomes the new Sultan of Aceh upon the death of <a href="/wiki/Zainul_Abidin_of_Aceh" title="Zainul Abidin of Aceh">Sultan Zainul Abidin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_11" title="October 11">October 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sokollu_Mehmed_Pasha" title="Sokollu Mehmed Pasha">Sokollu Mehmed Pasha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grand_Vizier_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire">Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire</a> for more than 14 years, is assassinated in <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Kramers-19">[19]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_13" title="October 13">October 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Semiz_Ahmed_Pasha" title="Semiz Ahmed Pasha">Semiz Ahmed Pasha</a> is appointed as the new Ottoman Grand Vizier by Sultan <a href="/wiki/Murad_III" title="Murad III">Murad III</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Kramers-19">[19]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_19" title="October 19">October 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_VI_and_I" title="James VI and I">King James VI of Scotland</a> makes his ceremonial <a href="/wiki/Entry_of_James_VI_into_Edinburgh" title="Entry of James VI into Edinburgh">entry into Edinburgh</a> to assume the throne at the age of 13, after being declared to have reached the age of majority.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> Scotland had been ruled by regents since 1567, when James was declared king.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_20" title="October 20">October 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%B2_Doria" title="Nicolò Doria">Nicolò Doria</a> is elected to a two-year term as the new <a href="/wiki/Doge_of_Genoa" title="Doge of Genoa">Doge</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa" title="Republic of Genoa">Republic of Genoa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></li></ul> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edward_Frank_Gillett%CB%90_Stubbs_has_his_hand_cut_off_(Hutchinsons_Story_of_the_British_Nation,_1922).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Edward_Frank_Gillett%CB%90_Stubbs_has_his_hand_cut_off_%28Hutchinsons_Story_of_the_British_Nation%2C_1922%29.jpg/150px-Edward_Frank_Gillett%CB%90_Stubbs_has_his_hand_cut_off_%28Hutchinsons_Story_of_the_British_Nation%2C_1922%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Edward_Frank_Gillett%CB%90_Stubbs_has_his_hand_cut_off_%28Hutchinsons_Story_of_the_British_Nation%2C_1922%29.jpg/225px-Edward_Frank_Gillett%CB%90_Stubbs_has_his_hand_cut_off_%28Hutchinsons_Story_of_the_British_Nation%2C_1922%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Edward_Frank_Gillett%CB%90_Stubbs_has_his_hand_cut_off_%28Hutchinsons_Story_of_the_British_Nation%2C_1922%29.jpg/300px-Edward_Frank_Gillett%CB%90_Stubbs_has_his_hand_cut_off_%28Hutchinsons_Story_of_the_British_Nation%2C_1922%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="780" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>November 3: Seditious writer John Stubbs is barred from writing again</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/November_3" title="November 3">November 3</a> – The English puritan <a href="/wiki/John_Stubbs" title="John Stubbs">John Stubbs</a>, author of numerous pamphlets against the doctrines of the Church of England, is convicted of sedition, and his right hand is amputated as punishment.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_13" title="November 13">November 13</a> – During the <a href="/wiki/Second_Desmond_Rebellion" title="Second Desmond Rebellion">Second Desmond Rebellion</a>, rebel troops in Ireland, led by <a href="/wiki/Gerald_FitzGerald,_14th_Earl_of_Desmond" title="Gerald FitzGerald, 14th Earl of Desmond">Gerald FitzGerald, 14th Earl of Desmond</a>, carry out the <a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Youghal" title="Sack of Youghal">Sack of Youghal</a> and massacre the English Army garrison, then pillage and burn the homes of local residents.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_21" title="November 21">November 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Iancu_Sasul" title="Iancu Sasul">Iancu Sasul</a> becomes the new <a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Moldavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince of Moldavia">Prince of Moldavia</a> as Peter the Lame steps down for the second time.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Peter will replace Sasul on October 17, 1582.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_23" title="November 23">November 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jeremias_II_of_Constantinople" title="Jeremias II of Constantinople">Jeremias II Tranos</a> is removed from office as <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarch_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople">Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople</a>, leader of the Eastern Orthodox Church, and replaced by his rival <a href="/wiki/Metrophanes_III_of_Constantinople" title="Metrophanes III of Constantinople">Metrophanes III of Constantinople</a>, whom he deposed on May 4, 1572.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_16" title="December 16">December 16</a> – After <a href="/wiki/Willem_van_Pamele" title="Willem van Pamele">Willem van Pamele</a>, the Spanish Governor of Flanders, is forced to flee during the Dutch Revolt, the Duke of Parma orders Pamele and the Catholic members of the Council of Flanders to convene at <a href="/wiki/Douai" title="Douai">Douai</a> as the temporary Flemish capital.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_24" title="December 24">December 24</a> – German astronomer <a href="/wiki/Michael_Maestlin" title="Michael Maestlin">Michael Maestlin</a> makes the first cataloging of the <a href="/wiki/Pleiades" title="Pleiades">Pleiades</a> cluster, recording 11 separate stars visible to the naked eye, with a detailed illustration and measurements.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_25" title="December 25">December 25</a> – In France, Protestant French troops under the command of <a href="/wiki/Matthieu_Merle" title="Matthieu Merle">Matthieu Merle</a>, make a surprise attack on the Roman Catholic cathedral in the village of <a href="/wiki/Mende,_Loz%C3%A8re" title="Mende, Lozère">Mende</a> during Mass, and kill 400 civilians.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Date_unknown">Date unknown</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1579&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Date unknown">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>In the Mughal Empire in India, <a href="/wiki/Akbar" title="Akbar">Akbar</a> abolishes the jizya, the tax placed upon non-Muslim residents.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akbar" title="Akbar">Akbar</a> issues a mazhar signed by the leading <a href="/wiki/Ulamas" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulamas">ulamas</a>, putting himself as the highest religious authority, allowing him to interpret the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a>.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></li> <li>The municipality of <a href="/wiki/Boac,_Marinduque" title="Boac, Marinduque">Boac</a> in <a href="/wiki/Marinduque" title="Marinduque">Marinduque</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> is founded.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Bible_of_Kralice" title="Bible of Kralice">Bible of Kralice</a> begins publication. The first complete translation of the Bible into the <a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech language</a> (with notes), it is prepared by the <a href="/wiki/Unity_of_the_Brethren_(Czech_Republic)" title="Unity of the Brethren (Czech Republic)">Unity of the Brethren</a>, and published at <a href="/wiki/Kralice_nad_Oslavou" title="Kralice nad Oslavou">Kralice nad Oslavou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bohemia" title="Bohemia">Bohemia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Births">Births</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1579&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Births">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hidetada2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Hidetada2.jpg/120px-Hidetada2.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Hidetada2.jpg/250px-Hidetada2.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2645" data-file-height="2533" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_Hidetada" title="Tokugawa Hidetada">Tokugawa Hidetada</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_4" title="January 4">January 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Willem_Teellinck" title="Willem Teellinck">Willem Teellinck</a>, Dutch pastor (d. <a href="/wiki/1629" title="1629">1629</a>)<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_6" title="January 6">January 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Juan_Manuel_P%C3%A9rez_de_Guzm%C3%A1n,_8th_Duke_of_Medina_Sidonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Juan Manuel Pérez de Guzmán, 8th Duke of Medina Sidonia">Juan Manuel Pérez de Guzmán, 8th Duke of Medina Sidonia</a>, Spanish nobleman, Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece (d. <a href="/wiki/1636" title="1636">1636</a>)<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_23" title="January 23">January 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Marie_of_Prussia,_Margravine_of_Brandenburg-Bayreuth" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie of Prussia, Margravine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth">Marie of Prussia, Margravine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1649" title="1649">1649</a>)<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_27" title="January 27">January 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Tornielli" title="Antonio Tornielli">Antonio Tornielli</a>, Italian Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Novara (1636–1650) (d. <a href="/wiki/1650" title="1650">1650</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_24" title="February 24">February 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johann_Jacob_Grasser" title="Johann Jacob Grasser">Johann Jacob Grasser</a>, Swiss poet, historian and theologian (d. <a href="/wiki/1627" title="1627">1627</a>)<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_23" title="March 23">March 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francis_Mansell" title="Francis Mansell">Francis Mansell</a>, English academic (d. <a href="/wiki/1665" title="1665">1665</a>)<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_10" title="April 10">April 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Augustus_the_Younger,_Duke_of_Brunswick-L%C3%BCneburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Augustus the Younger, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg">Augustus the Younger, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1666" title="1666">1666</a>)<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_12" title="April 12">April 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Bassompierre" title="François de Bassompierre">François de Bassompierre</a>, French courtier (d. <a href="/wiki/1646" title="1646">1646</a>)<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1" title="May 1">May 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wolphert_Gerretse" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolphert Gerretse">Wolphert Gerretse</a>, Dutch founder of the New Netherland Colony (d. <a href="/wiki/1662" title="1662">1662</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2" title="May 2">May 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_Hidetada" title="Tokugawa Hidetada">Tokugawa Hidetada</a>, Japanese shōgun (d. <a href="/wiki/1632" title="1632">1632</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_17" title="June 17">June 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Louis_I,_Prince_of_Anhalt-K%C3%B6then" title="Louis I, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen">Louis I, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen</a>, German prince (d. <a href="/wiki/1650" title="1650">1650</a>)<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_18" title="June 18">June 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Afonso_Mendes" title="Afonso Mendes">Afonso Mendes</a>, Patriarch of Ethiopia (d. <a href="/wiki/1659" title="1659">1659</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2" title="July 2">July 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Janusz_Radziwi%C5%82%C5%82_(1579%E2%80%931620)" title="Janusz Radziwiłł (1579–1620)">Janusz Radziwiłł</a>, Lithuanian and Polish nobleman (d. <a href="/wiki/1620" title="1620">1620</a>)<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_6" title="July 6">July 6</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bernardino_de_Almansa_Carri%C3%B3n" title="Bernardino de Almansa Carrión">Bernardino de Almansa Carrión</a>, Spanish Catholic prelate and Archbishop (d. <a href="/wiki/1633" title="1633">1633</a>)<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Norris,_1st_Earl_of_Berkshire" title="Francis Norris, 1st Earl of Berkshire">Francis Norris, 1st Earl of Berkshire</a>, English noble (d. <a href="/wiki/1622" title="1622">1622</a>)<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_13" title="July 13">July 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Dee" title="Arthur Dee">Arthur Dee</a>, English physician and alchemist (d. <a href="/wiki/1651" title="1651">1651</a>)<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1" title="August 1">August 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Luis_V%C3%A9lez_de_Guevara" title="Luis Vélez de Guevara">Luis Vélez de Guevara</a>, Spanish dramatist and novelist (d. <a href="/wiki/1644" title="1644">1644</a>)<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_18" title="August 18">August 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Countess_Charlotte_Flandrina_of_Nassau" title="Countess Charlotte Flandrina of Nassau">Countess Charlotte Flandrina of Nassau</a>, Dutch-French abbess (d. <a href="/wiki/1640" title="1640">1640</a>)<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_21" title="August 21">August 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henri,_Duke_of_Rohan" title="Henri, Duke of Rohan">Henri, Duke of Rohan</a>, French Huguenot soldier and writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1638" title="1638">1638</a>)<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_23" title="August 23">August 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dempster" title="Thomas Dempster">Thomas Dempster</a>, Scottish scholar and historian (d. <a href="/wiki/1625" title="1625">1625</a>)<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1" title="September 1">September 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Frederick_of_Holstein-Gottorp,_Prince-Bishop" class="mw-redirect" title="John Frederick of Holstein-Gottorp, Prince-Bishop">John Frederick of Holstein-Gottorp, Prince-Bishop</a>, German Catholic archbishop (d. <a href="/wiki/1634" title="1634">1634</a>)<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_3" title="September 3">September 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Louis_I,_Count_of_Erbach-Erbach" title="Louis I, Count of Erbach-Erbach">Louis I, Count of Erbach-Erbach</a> (1606–1643) (d. <a href="/wiki/1643" title="1643">1643</a>)<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_16" title="September 16">September 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Coster" title="Samuel Coster">Samuel Coster</a>, Dutch writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1665" title="1665">1665</a>)<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_17" title="September 17">September 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Howard,_2nd_Earl_of_Nottingham" title="Charles Howard, 2nd Earl of Nottingham">Charles Howard, 2nd Earl of Nottingham</a>, English noble (d. <a href="/wiki/1642" title="1642">1642</a>)<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_4" title="October 4">October 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Guido_Bentivoglio" title="Guido Bentivoglio">Guido Bentivoglio</a>, Italian cardinal (d. <a href="/wiki/1644" title="1644">1644</a>)<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_18" title="October 18">October 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Abdy_(1579%E2%80%931640)" title="Anthony Abdy (1579–1640)">Anthony Abdy</a>, English merchant (d. <a href="/wiki/1640" title="1640">1640</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_7" title="November 7">November 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Pe%C3%B1alosa" title="Juan de Peñalosa">Juan de Peñalosa</a>, Spanish painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1633" title="1633">1633</a>)<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_11" title="November 11">November 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frans_Snyders" title="Frans Snyders">Frans Snyders</a>, Flemish painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1657" title="1657">1657</a>)<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_12" title="November 12">November 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Albrecht_of_Hanau-M%C3%BCnzenberg" title="Albrecht of Hanau-Münzenberg">Albrecht of Hanau-Münzenberg</a>, German nobleman (d. <a href="/wiki/1635" title="1635">1635</a>)<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_16" title="November 16">November 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Federico_Baldissera_Bartolomeo_Cornaro" title="Federico Baldissera Bartolomeo Cornaro">Federico Baldissera Bartolomeo Cornaro</a>, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. <a href="/wiki/1653" title="1653">1653</a>)<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_9" title="December 9">December 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Martin_de_Porres" title="Martin de Porres">Martin de Porres</a>, Peruvian monk, Roman Catholic saint (d. <a href="/wiki/1639" title="1639">1639</a>)<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_20" title="December 20">December 20</a> (bapt.) – <a href="/wiki/John_Fletcher_(playwright)" title="John Fletcher (playwright)">John Fletcher</a>, English dramatist (d. <a href="/wiki/1625" title="1625">1625</a>)<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a></li> <li>date unknown <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Astley,_1st_Baron_Astley_of_Reading" title="Jacob Astley, 1st Baron Astley of Reading">Jacob Astley, 1st Baron Astley of Reading</a>, royalist commander in the English Civil War (d. <a href="/wiki/1652" title="1652">1652</a>)<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Johnston_(poet)" title="Arthur Johnston (poet)">Arthur Johnston</a>, Scottish physician and poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1641" title="1641">1641</a>)<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ogilvie_(saint)" title="John Ogilvie (saint)">John Ogilvie</a>, Scottish Jesuit, Roman Catholic saint (martyred <a href="/wiki/1615" title="1615">1615</a>)<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Meursius" title="Johannes Meursius">Johannes Meursius</a>, Dutch classical scholar and antiquary (d. <a href="/wiki/1639" title="1639">1639</a>)<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deaths">Deaths</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1579&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Deaths">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sokullupasa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Sokullupasa.jpg/110px-Sokullupasa.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Sokullupasa.jpg/165px-Sokullupasa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Sokullupasa.jpg/220px-Sokullupasa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="274" data-file-height="375" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sokollu_Mehmed_Pasha" title="Sokollu Mehmed Pasha">Sokollu Mehmed Pasha</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_5" title="February 5">February 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Countess_Palatine_Helena_of_Simmern" title="Countess Palatine Helena of Simmern">Countess Palatine Helena of Simmern</a>, Countess consort of Hanau-Münzenberg (1551-1561) (b. <a href="/wiki/1532" title="1532">1532</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_16" title="February 16">February 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gonzalo_Jim%C3%A9nez_de_Quesada" title="Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada">Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada</a>, Spanish explorer (b. <a href="/wiki/1509" title="1509">1509</a>)<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_20" title="February 20">February 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Bacon_(courtier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicholas Bacon (courtier)">Nicholas Bacon</a>, English politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1509" title="1509">1509</a>)<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_12" title="March 12">March 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Piccolomini" title="Alessandro Piccolomini">Alessandro Piccolomini</a>, Italian humanist and philosopher from Siena (b. <a href="/wiki/1508" title="1508">1508</a>)<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_24" title="April 24">April 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Stuart,_4th_Earl_of_Atholl" class="mw-redirect" title="John Stuart, 4th Earl of Atholl">John Stuart, 4th Earl of Atholl</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_6" title="May 6">May 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Montmorency" class="mw-redirect" title="François de Montmorency">François de Montmorency</a>, French nobleman (b. <a href="/wiki/1530" title="1530">1530</a>)<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_20" title="May 20">May 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Isabella_Markham" title="Isabella Markham">Isabella Markham</a>, English courtier (b. <a href="/wiki/1527" title="1527">1527</a>)<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_17" title="June 17">June 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Stadius" title="Johannes Stadius">Johannes Stadius</a>, Flemish astronomer, astrologer, mathematician (b. <a href="/wiki/1527" title="1527">1527</a>)<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_25" title="June 25">June 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hatano_Hideharu" title="Hatano Hideharu">Hatano Hideharu</a>, Japanese samurai (b. <a href="/wiki/1541" title="1541">1541</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_3" title="July 3">July 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edward_Fitton,_the_elder" title="Edward Fitton, the elder">Edward Fitton, the elder</a>, Irish politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1527" title="1527">1527</a>)<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_5" title="August 5">August 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Stanislaus_Hosius" title="Stanislaus Hosius">Stanislaus Hosius</a>, Polish Catholic cardinal (b. <a href="/wiki/1504" title="1504">1504</a>)<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_12" title="August 12">August 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Domenico_Bollani" title="Domenico Bollani">Domenico Bollani</a>, Bishop of Milan (b. <a href="/wiki/1514" title="1514">1514</a>)<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_11" title="October 11">October 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sokollu_Mehmed_Pasha" title="Sokollu Mehmed Pasha">Sokollu Mehmed Pasha</a>, Turkish Janissary and Grand Vizier (b. <a href="/wiki/1505" title="1505">1505</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_13" title="October 13">October 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Drury" title="William Drury">William Drury</a>, English politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1527" title="1527">1527</a>)<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_21" title="October 21">October 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tanegashima_Tokitaka" title="Tanegashima Tokitaka">Tanegashima Tokitaka</a>, Japanese Daimyo (b. <a href="/wiki/1528" title="1528">1528</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_24" title="October 24">October 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Albert_V,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Albert V, Duke of Bavaria">Albert V, Duke of Bavaria</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1528" title="1528">1528</a>)<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_9" title="November 9">November 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Philip_VI,_Count_of_Waldeck" title="Philip VI, Count of Waldeck">Philip VI, Count of Waldeck</a> (1567–1579) (b. <a href="/wiki/1551" title="1551">1551</a>)<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_15" title="November 15">November 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francis_David" class="mw-redirect" title="Francis David">Francis David</a>, Hungarian religious reformer (b. <a href="/wiki/1510" title="1510">1510</a>)<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_21" title="November 21">November 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gresham" title="Thomas Gresham">Thomas Gresham</a>, English merchant and financier (b. <a href="/wiki/1519" title="1519">1519</a>)<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a></li> <li>date unknown <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Adriani" title="Giovanni Battista Adriani">Giovanni Battista Adriani</a>, Italian historian (b. c. <a href="/wiki/1512" title="1512">1512</a>)<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_de_Landa" title="Diego de Landa">Diego de Landa</a>, Spanish Bishop of the Yucatán (b. <a href="/wiki/1524" title="1524">1524</a>)<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hieronim_Jarosz_Sieniawski" title="Hieronim Jarosz Sieniawski">Hieronim Jarosz Sieniawski</a>, Polish noble (b. <a href="/wiki/1516" title="1516">1516</a>)<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Thenn" title="Barbara Thenn">Barbara Thenn</a>, Austrian merchant and Münzmeister (b. <a href="/wiki/1519" title="1519">1519</a>)<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Whittingham" title="William Whittingham">William Whittingham</a>, English Biblical scholar and religious reformer (b. <a href="/wiki/1524" title="1524">1524</a>)<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voravongsa_I" title="Voravongsa I">Voravongsa I</a>, Laotian king of <a href="/wiki/Lan_Xang" title="Lan Xang">Lan Xang</a></li></ul></li> <li>probable – <a href="/wiki/Hans_Staden" title="Hans Staden">Hans Staden</a>, German adventurer (b. <a href="/wiki/1525" title="1525">1525</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1579&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Holt2002-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Holt2002_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holt2002_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMack_P._Holt2002" class="citation book cs1">Mack P. Holt (2 May 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Mt5sraGYbWcC&pg=PA114">The Duke of Anjou and the Politique Struggle During the Wars of Religion</a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 114. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-89278-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-89278-0"><bdi>978-0-521-89278-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Duke+of+Anjou+and+the+Politique+Struggle+During+the+Wars+of+Religion&rft.pages=114&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002-05-02&rft.isbn=978-0-521-89278-0&rft.au=Mack+P.+Holt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMt5sraGYbWcC%26pg%3DPA114&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1579" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDespretz1963" class="citation web cs1">Despretz, André (1963). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lib.ugent.be/en/catalog/rug01:000798146">"De instauratie der Gentse Calvinistische republiek (1577-1579) /"</a>. lib.ugent.be. Retrieved 28 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lib.ugent.be&rft.atitle=De+instauratie+der+Gentse+Calvinistische+republiek+%281577-1579%29+%2F&rft.date=1963&rft.aulast=Despretz&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flib.ugent.be%2Fen%2Fcatalog%2Frug01%3A000798146&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1579" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> R.W. Tadama, Willem Graaf van den Berg en Zijne Tijdgenooten (in Dutch)(Zutphen, 1846) p.29 </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> Arthur Herman, To Rule the Waves: How the British Navy Shaped the Modern World (Harper Collins, 2004) p.88 </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> Famiano Strada, Segunda decada de las Guerras de Flandes: desde el principio del govierno de Alexandro Farnese (1681) p.30 </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dutchrevolt.leiden.edu/dutch/geografie/L/Pages/limburg.aspx">"Limburg"</a>. dutchrevolt.leiden.edu. Retrieved 28 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dutchrevolt.leiden.edu&rft.atitle=Limburg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdutchrevolt.leiden.edu%2Fdutch%2Fgeografie%2FL%2FPages%2Flimburg.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1579" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> Mack P. Holt, The French Wars of Religion, 1562-1629 (Cambridge University Press, 1995) p.112 </li> <li id="cite_note-JIsrael-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JIsrael_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-JIsrael_8-1">b</a> Jonathan Israel, The Dutch Republic: Its Rise, Greatness, and Fall 1477–1806 (Clarendon Press, 1995) </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/samuraisourceboo00turn_0/page/230/mode/2up?q=%2225+may%22">The samurai sourcebook</a>. Arms and Armour Press. 1998. p. 230. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85409-371-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85409-371-4"><bdi>978-1-85409-371-4</bdi></a>. 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Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press. p. 15. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7748-0113-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7748-0113-3"><bdi>978-0-7748-0113-3</bdi></a>. 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Oxford University Press. 2004. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F17991">10.1093/ref:odnb/17991</a>. Retrieved 30 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mansell%2C+Francis&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F17991&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Fdisplay%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F9780198614128.001.0001%2Fodnb-9780198614128-e-17991&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1579" class="Z3988"> (Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.) </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eVk7AQAAMAAJ&dq=August+der+J%C3%BCngere+10+aprile+1579&pg=RA5-PA65">Jahrbuch des Provinzialmuseums zu Hannover</a> (in German). Wilh. Riemschneider. 1909. p. 65. 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Retrieved 2 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Journal+de+ma+vie+M%C3%A9moires+du+mar%C3%A9chal+de+Bassompierre+publi%C3%A9e+avec+fragments+in%C3%A9dits+pour+la+Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+de+l%27histoire+de+France+par+le+Mis+de+Chant%C3%A9rac%3A+Tome+1&rft.pages=IX&rft.pub=Mme+Ve+Jules+Renouard&rft.date=1870&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6gu9-ZfeFCMC%26dq%3DFran%25C3%25A7ois%2Bde%2BBassompierre%2B%252212%2Bavril%2B1579%2522%26pg%3DPR9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1579" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=00SfBVDKjvAC&dq=Ludwig+I.+%2217+juni+1579%22&pg=PA220">Mittheilungen aus der historischen Litteratur</a> (in German). 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Twenty-Third Publications. p. 127. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89622-628-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89622-628-9"><bdi>978-0-89622-628-9</bdi></a>. 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Oxford University Press. 2004. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F817">10.1093/ref:odnb/817</a>. 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"8 Arthur Johnston (c. 1579–1641): A Scottish Neo-Latin Poet in Europe". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brill.com/display/book/9789004330733/B9789004330733_010.xml">Neo-Latin Literature and Literary Culture in Early Modern Scotland</a>. Brill. pp. 203–222. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-33073-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-33073-3"><bdi>978-90-04-33073-3</bdi></a>. Retrieved 2 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=8+Arthur+Johnston+%28c.+1579%E2%80%931641%29%3A+A+Scottish+Neo-Latin+Poet+in+Europe&rft.btitle=Neo-Latin+Literature+and+Literary+Culture+in+Early+Modern+Scotland&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E203-%3C%2Fspan%3E222&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2017-01-01&rft.isbn=978-90-04-33073-3&rft.aulast=Farquhar&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrill.com%2Fdisplay%2Fbook%2F9789004330733%2FB9789004330733_010.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1579" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDilworth1983" class="citation journal cs1">Dilworth, Mark (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euppublishing.com/doi/abs/10.3366/inr.1983.34.2.51?journalCode=inr">"Three Documents Relating to St John Ogilvie"</a>. Innes Review. 34 (2): 51–65. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3366%2Finr.1983.34.2.51">10.3366/inr.1983.34.2.51</a>. Retrieved 2 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Innes+Review&rft.atitle=Three+Documents+Relating+to+St+John+Ogilvie&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E51-%3C%2Fspan%3E65&rft.date=1983&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3366%2Finr.1983.34.2.51&rft.aulast=Dilworth&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.euppublishing.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.3366%2Finr.1983.34.2.51%3FjournalCode%3Dinr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1579" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/molh003nieu07_01/molh003nieu07_01_1546.php">"[Meursius, Johannes], Nieuw Nederlandsch biografisch woordenboek. Deel 7"</a>. DBNL (in Dutch). 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Con acopio de documentos ineditos</a> (in Spanish). Mogollon. p. 89. 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London Topographical Society. 1917. p. 60. Retrieved 4 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=London+Topographical+Record&rft.pages=60&rft.pub=London+Topographical+Society&rft.date=1917&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDOdZAAAAIAAJ%26dq%3DNicholas%2BBacon%2B%252220%2Bfebruary%2B1579%2522%26pg%3DPA60&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1579" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBasil_Brown1968" class="citation book cs1">Basil Brown (1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xO8XAQAAMAAJ">Astronomical Atlases, Maps & Charts: An Historical & General Guide</a>. Dawsons of Pall Mall. p. 17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7129-0131-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7129-0131-4"><bdi>978-0-7129-0131-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Astronomical+Atlases%2C+Maps+%26+Charts%3A+An+Historical+%26+General+Guide&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=Dawsons+of+Pall+Mall&rft.date=1968&rft.isbn=978-0-7129-0131-4&rft.au=Basil+Brown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxO8XAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1579" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-26491">"Stewart, John, fourth earl of Atholl"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F26491">10.1093/ref:odnb/26491</a>. Retrieved 4 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Stewart%2C+John%2C+fourth+earl+of+Atholl&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F26491&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Fdisplay%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F9780198614128.001.0001%2Fodnb-9780198614128-e-26491&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1579" class="Z3988"> (Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.) </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSainte-Marie1728" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sainte-Marie, Anselme de (1728). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2NlEAAAAcAAJ&dq=Fran%C3%A7ois+de+Montmorency+%226+may+1579%22&pg=PA604">Histoire généalogique et chronologique de la maison royale de France, des pairs, grands officiers de la couronne & de la maison du Roy, & des anciens barons du royaume ...</a> (in French). Compagnie des libraires associez. p. 604. Retrieved 4 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+g%C3%A9n%C3%A9alogique+et+chronologique+de+la+maison+royale+de+France%2C+des+pairs%2C+grands+officiers+de+la+couronne+%26+de+la+maison+du+Roy%2C+%26+des+anciens+barons+du+royaume+...&rft.pages=604&rft.pub=Compagnie+des+libraires+associez&rft.date=1728&rft.aulast=Sainte-Marie&rft.aufirst=Anselme+de&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2NlEAAAAcAAJ%26dq%3DFran%25C3%25A7ois%2Bde%2BMontmorency%2B%25226%2Bmay%2B1579%2522%26pg%3DPA604&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1579" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLevinBertoletCarney2016" class="citation book cs1">Levin, Carole; Bertolet, Anna Riehl; Carney, Jo Eldridge (3 November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kDglDwAAQBAJ&dq=Isabella+Markham+%2220+may+1579%22&pg=PA509">A Biographical Encyclopedia of Early Modern Englishwomen: Exemplary Lives and Memorable Acts, 1500-1650</a>. Taylor & Francis. p. 509. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-315-44071-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-315-44071-2"><bdi>978-1-315-44071-2</bdi></a>. Retrieved 4 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Biographical+Encyclopedia+of+Early+Modern+Englishwomen%3A+Exemplary+Lives+and+Memorable+Acts%2C+1500-1650&rft.pages=509&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2016-11-03&rft.isbn=978-1-315-44071-2&rft.aulast=Levin&rft.aufirst=Carole&rft.au=Bertolet%2C+Anna+Riehl&rft.au=Carney%2C+Jo+Eldridge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkDglDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3DIsabella%2BMarkham%2B%252220%2Bmay%2B1579%2522%26pg%3DPA509&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1579" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEckstein1871" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Eckstein, Friedrich August (1871). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MK0UAAAAYAAJ&dq=Johannes+Stadius+%2217+juni+1579%22&pg=PA543">Nomenclator philologorum</a> (in German). B. G. Teubner. p. 543. Retrieved 4 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nomenclator+philologorum&rft.pages=543&rft.pub=B.+G.+Teubner&rft.date=1871&rft.aulast=Eckstein&rft.aufirst=Friedrich+August&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMK0UAAAAYAAJ%26dq%3DJohannes%2BStadius%2B%252217%2Bjuni%2B1579%2522%26pg%3DPA543&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1579" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOrmerod1882" class="citation book cs1">Ormerod, George (1882). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yIY1AQAAMAAJ&dq=Edward+Fitton+%223+july+1579%22&pg=PA553">The History of the County Palatine and City of Chester: Comp. from Original Evidences in Public Offices, the Harleian and Cottonian Mss., Parochial Registers, Private Muniments, Unpublished Ms. Collections of Successive Cheshire Antiquaries, and a Personal Survey of Every Township in the County; Incorporated with a Republication of King's Vale Royal and Leycester's Cheshire Antiquities</a>. G. Routledge. p. 553. 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Treccani (in Italian).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Treccani&rft.atitle=Bollani%2C+Domenico&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.treccani.it%2Fenciclopedia%2Fdomenico-bollani_%28Dizionario-Biografico%29%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1579" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-8101">"Drury, William"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F8101">10.1093/ref:odnb/8101</a>. Retrieved 4 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Drury%2C+William&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F8101&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Fdisplay%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F9780198614128.001.0001%2Fodnb-9780198614128-e-8101&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1579" class="Z3988"> (Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.) </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchreiber1889" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Schreiber, Friedrich Anton Wilhelm (1889). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pXZCAAAAIAAJ&dq=Albrecht+V+%2224+oktober+1579%22&pg=PA563">Geschichte Bayerns in Verbindung mit der deutschen Geschichte: Bd. Von den Agilofingern bis zum Ausgang des Spanischen Erbfolgekrieges</a> (in German). Herdersche Verlagshandlung. p. 564. 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Verlag des Kunstgeschichtlichen Seminars der Universität Marburg an der Lahn. p. 59. Retrieved 4 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marburger+Jahrbuch+f%C3%BCr+Kunstwissenschaft&rft.pages=59&rft.pub=Verlag+des+Kunstgeschichtlichen+Seminars+der+Universit%C3%A4t+Marburg+an+der+Lahn&rft.date=1936&rft.aulast=Hamann&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DC03rAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DPhilipp%2BVI%2B%25229%2Bnovember%2B1579%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1579" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QXL6W32wNy8C&q=%2215%20noiembrie%201579%22">Transilvania</a> (in Romanian). Comitetul Județean de Cultură și Educație Socialistă. 2009. p. 16. Retrieved 4 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Transilvania&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=Comitetul+Jude%C8%9Bean+de+Cultur%C4%83+%C8%99i+Educa%C8%9Bie+Socialist%C4%83&rft.date=2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQXL6W32wNy8C%26q%3D%252215%2520noiembrie%25201579%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1579" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ytUxAQAAMAAJ&dq=Thomas+Gresham+%2221+november+1579%22&pg=PA698">Calendar of Wills Proved and Enrolled in the Court of Husting, London, A.D. 1258-A.D. 1688: A.D. 1358-1688</a>. J.C. Francis. 1890. p. 698. 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Treccani (in Italian).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Treccani&rft.atitle=Adriani%2C+Giovanni+Battista&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.treccani.it%2Fenciclopedia%2Fgiovanni-battista-adriani_%28Dizionario-Biografico%29%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1579" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TEpQAQAAMAAJ&dq=Diego+de+Landa+%2229+de+abril+de+1579%22&pg=PA266">Archivo ibero-americano</a> (in Spanish). J. Costa. 1916. p. 266. Retrieved 4 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Archivo+ibero-americano&rft.pages=266&rft.pub=J.+Costa&rft.date=1916&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTEpQAQAAMAAJ%26dq%3DDiego%2Bde%2BLanda%2B%252229%2Bde%2Babril%2Bde%2B1579%2522%26pg%3DPA266&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1579" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBoniecki1883" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Boniecki, Adam (1883). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=znw-AQAAIAAJ&dq=Hieronim+Jarosz+Sieniawski+%221579%22&pg=PA24-IA2">Poczet rodów w Wielkiem Ksie̦stwie Litewskiem w XV i XVI wieku</a> (in Polish). Ośrodek Kultury Polskiej nad Renem. p. 24. 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Retrieved 4 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mitteilungen+des+Instituts+f%C3%BCr+%C3%96sterreichische+Geschichtsforschung&rft.pages=418&rft.pub=B%C3%B6hlaus+Nachf.&rft.date=1982&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DESl8t3X9gGIC%26q%3DBarbara%2BThenn%2B%25221579%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1579" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-29329">"Whittingham, William"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a> (online ed.). 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