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1950 — Wikipédia
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</div><button id="searchIcon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet skin-minerva-search-trigger"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> <span>Rechercher</span> </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="Navigation utilisateur"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1950</span></h1> <div class="tagline"> année du XXe siècle </div> </div> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#p-lang" data-mw="interface" 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hatnote"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Redirection?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Redirection"><img alt="Page d’aide sur les redirections" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Arrows-move.svg/20px-Arrows-move.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Arrows-move.svg/30px-Arrows-move.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Arrows-move.svg/40px-Arrows-move.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="88"></a></span> </div> <div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Cette page concerne l'année <b>1950</b> (MCML) en chiffres romains) du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calendrier_gr%C3%A9gorien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calendrier grégorien">calendrier grégorien</a>. Pour l'année 1950 av. J.-C., voir <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_av._J.-C.?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1950 av. J.-C.">1950 av. J.-C.</a></p> </div> </div> <p>L'année <b>1950</b> est une <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ann%C3%A9e_commune?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Année commune">année commune</a> qui <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ann%C3%A9e_commune_commen%C3%A7ant_un_dimanche?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Année commune commençant un dimanche">commence un dimanche</a>.</p> <div class="infobox_v3 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive" style="width:21em"> <div class="entete" style="background-color: #C0D1E2;"> <div> <small>Chronologies</small> </div> </div> <div class="images"> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:1950_Events_College.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Description de l'image 1950 Events College.jpg." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/1950_Events_College.jpg/220px-1950_Events_College.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/1950_Events_College.jpg/330px-1950_Events_College.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/1950_Events_College.jpg/440px-1950_Events_College.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="3739"></a></span> </div> <table> <caption class="hidden" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;"> Données clés </caption> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1947?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1947">1947</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1948?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1948">1948</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1949?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1949">1949</a> <b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">1950</a> </b> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1951?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1951">1951</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1952?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1952">1952</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1953?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1953">1953</a><br><small><b>Décennies :</b></small><br><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1920?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Années 1920">1920</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1930?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Années 1930">1930</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1940?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Années 1940">1940</a> <b> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Années 1950">1950</a> </b> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1960?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Années 1960">1960</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1970?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Années 1970">1970</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1980?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Années 1980">1980</a><br><small><b>Siècles :</b></small><br><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/XVIIIe_si%C3%A8cle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="XVIIIe siècle">XVIII<sup>e</sup></a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/XIXe_si%C3%A8cle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="XIXe siècle">XIX<sup>e</sup></a> <b> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/XXe_si%C3%A8cle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="XXe siècle">XX<sup>e</sup></a> </b> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/XXIe_si%C3%A8cle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="XXIe siècle">XXI<sup>e</sup></a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/XXIIe_si%C3%A8cle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="XXIIe siècle">XXII<sup>e</sup></a><br><small><b>Millénaires :</b></small><br><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ier_mill%C3%A9naire_av._J.-C.?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ier millénaire av. J.-C.">-I<sup>er</sup></a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ier_mill%C3%A9naire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ier millénaire">I<sup>er</sup></a> <b> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/IIe_mill%C3%A9naire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="IIe millénaire">II<sup>e</sup></a> </b> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/IIIe_mill%C3%A9naire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="IIIe millénaire">III<sup>e</sup></a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table> <caption style="background-color:#CEE0F2;"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_des_chronologies_par_zone_g%C3%A9ographique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liste des chronologies par zone géographique">Chronologies géographiques</a> </caption> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r222902168">.mw-parser-output div.NavFrame{background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);border:1px var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);border-style:solid;margin-bottom:1em;clear:both}.mw-parser-output div.NavFrame div.NavHead{min-height:1.6em;font-weight:bold;background-color:#efefef;color:var(--color-emphasized,#000);text-align:center}.mw-parser-output div.NavContent{display:block;margin:0;text-align:left}body:not(.mw-mf) .mw-parser-output div.NavFrame{padding:2px;text-align:center;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:95%}body:not(.mw-mf) .mw-parser-output div.NavPic{padding:2px;float:left}body:not(.mw-mf) .mw-parser-output div.NavEnd{height:0;clear:both}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div.NavFrame div.NavHead{background-color:#27292d}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table div.NavFrame a{color:#88a3e8}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table div.NavFrame a.new{color:#fd7865}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div.NavFrame div.NavHead{background-color:#27292d}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table div.NavFrame a{color:#88a3e8}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table div.NavFrame a.new{color:#fd7865}}</style> <div class="NavFrame" style="border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color:#FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="[afficher]/[masquer]"> <div class="NavHead" style="min-height:2.5em;"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Afrique&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Afrique (page inexistante)">Afrique</a> </div> <div class="NavContent" style="background-color:none !important;background:none !important;;"> <p><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Afrique_du_Sud&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Afrique du Sud (page inexistante)">Afrique du Sud</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Alg%C3%A9rie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Algérie (page inexistante)">Algérie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Angola&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Angola (page inexistante)">Angola</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_B%C3%A9nin&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Bénin (page inexistante)">Bénin</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_Botswana&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Botswana (page inexistante)">Botswana</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_Burkina_Faso&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Burkina Faso (page inexistante)">Burkina Faso</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_Burundi&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Burundi (page inexistante)">Burundi</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_Cameroun&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Cameroun (page inexistante)">Cameroun</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_Cap-Vert&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Cap-Vert (page inexistante)">Cap-Vert</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_R%C3%A9publique_centrafricaine&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en République centrafricaine (page inexistante)">République centrafricaine</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_aux_Comores&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 aux Comores (page inexistante)">Comores</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_R%C3%A9publique_du_Congo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en République du Congo (page inexistante)">République du Congo</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_R%C3%A9publique_d%C3%A9mocratique_du_Congo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en République démocratique du Congo (page inexistante)">République démocratique du Congo</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_C%C3%B4te_d'Ivoire&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Côte d'Ivoire (page inexistante)">Côte d'Ivoire</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_%C3%A0_Djibouti&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 à Djibouti (page inexistante)">Djibouti</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_%C3%89gypte&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Égypte (page inexistante)">Égypte</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_%C3%89rythr%C3%A9e&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Érythrée (page inexistante)">Érythrée</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_%C3%89thiopie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Éthiopie (page inexistante)">Éthiopie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_Gabon&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Gabon (page inexistante)">Gabon</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Gambie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Gambie (page inexistante)">Gambie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_Ghana&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Ghana (page inexistante)">Ghana</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Guin%C3%A9e&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Guinée (page inexistante)">Guinée</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Guin%C3%A9e-Bissau&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Guinée-Bissau (page inexistante)">Guinée-Bissau</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Guin%C3%A9e_%C3%A9quatoriale&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Guinée équatoriale (page inexistante)">Guinée équatoriale</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_Kenya&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Kenya (page inexistante)">Kenya</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_Lesotho&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Lesotho (page inexistante)">Lesotho</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_Liberia&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Liberia (page inexistante)">Liberia</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Libye&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Libye (page inexistante)">Libye</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_%C3%A0_Madagascar&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 à Madagascar (page inexistante)">Madagascar</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_Malawi&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Malawi (page inexistante)">Malawi</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_Mali&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Mali (page inexistante)">Mali</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Mauritanie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Mauritanie (page inexistante)">Mauritanie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_%C3%A0_Maurice_(pays)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 à Maurice (pays) (page inexistante)">Maurice</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_Maroc&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Maroc (page inexistante)">Maroc</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_Mozambique&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Mozambique (page inexistante)">Mozambique</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Namibie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Namibie (page inexistante)">Namibie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_Niger&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Niger (page inexistante)">Niger</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_Nigeria&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Nigeria (page inexistante)">Nigeria</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Ouganda&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Ouganda (page inexistante)">Ouganda</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_Rwanda&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Rwanda (page inexistante)">Rwanda</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_Sahara_occidental&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Sahara occidental (page inexistante)">Sahara occidental</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_%C3%A0_Sao_Tom%C3%A9-et-Principe&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 à Sao Tomé-et-Principe (page inexistante)">Sao Tomé-et-Principe</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_S%C3%A9n%C3%A9gal&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Sénégal (page inexistante)">Sénégal</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_aux_Seychelles&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 aux Seychelles (page inexistante)">Seychelles</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Sierra_Leone&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Sierra Leone (page inexistante)">Sierra Leone</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Somalie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Somalie (page inexistante)">Somalie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_Soudan&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Soudan (page inexistante)">Soudan</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_Soudan_du_Sud&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Soudan du Sud (page inexistante)">Soudan du Sud</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_Swaziland&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Swaziland (page inexistante)">Swaziland</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Tanzanie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Tanzanie (page inexistante)">Tanzanie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_Tchad&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Tchad (page inexistante)">Tchad</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_Togo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Togo (page inexistante)">Togo</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Tunisie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Tunisie (page inexistante)">Tunisie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Zambie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Zambie (page inexistante)">Zambie</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_Zimbabwe&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Zimbabwe (page inexistante)">Zimbabwe</a></p> </div> <div class="NavEnd"> </div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r222902168"> <div class="NavFrame" style="border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color:#FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="[afficher]/[masquer]"> <div class="NavHead" style="min-height:2.5em;"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_par_pays_en_Am%C3%A9rique&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 par pays en Amérique (page inexistante)">Amérique</a> </div> <div class="NavContent" style="background-color:none !important;background:none !important;;"> <p><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_%C3%A0_Antigua-et-Barbuda&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 à Antigua-et-Barbuda (page inexistante)">Antigua-et-Barbuda</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Argentine&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Argentine (page inexistante)">Argentine</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_aux_Bahamas&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 aux Bahamas (page inexistante)">Bahamas</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_%C3%A0_la_Barbade&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 à la Barbade (page inexistante)">Barbade</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_%C3%A0_Belize&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 à Belize (page inexistante)">Belize</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Bolivie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Bolivie (page inexistante)">Bolivie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_Br%C3%A9sil&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Brésil (page inexistante)">Brésil</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_au_Canada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 au Canada">Canada</a> <small>(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_en_Alberta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 en Alberta">Alberta</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_en_Colombie-Britannique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 en Colombie-Britannique">Colombie-Britannique</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_au_Manitoba?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 au Manitoba">Manitoba</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_en_Nouvelle-%C3%89cosse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 en Nouvelle-Écosse">Nouvelle-Écosse</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_au_Nouveau-Brunswick?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 au Nouveau-Brunswick">Nouveau-Brunswick</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_en_Ontario?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 en Ontario">Ontario</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_au_Qu%C3%A9bec?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 au Québec">Québec</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_en_Saskatchewan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 en Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_%C3%A0_Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 à Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador">Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_aux_Territoires_du_Nord-Ouest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 aux Territoires du Nord-Ouest">Territoires du Nord-Ouest</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_au_Yukon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 au Yukon">Yukon</a>)</small>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_Chili&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Chili (page inexistante)">Chili</a> <small>()</small>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Colombie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Colombie (page inexistante)">Colombie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_Costa_Rica&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Costa Rica (page inexistante)">Costa Rica</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_%C3%A0_Cuba&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 à Cuba (page inexistante)">Cuba</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_R%C3%A9publique_dominicaine&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en République dominicaine (page inexistante)">République dominicaine</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_%C3%A0_la_Dominique&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 à la Dominique (page inexistante)">Dominique</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_%C3%89quateur&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Équateur (page inexistante)">Équateur</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_aux_%C3%89tats-Unis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 aux États-Unis">États-Unis</a><small> ()</small>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_%C3%A0_la_Grenade&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 à la Grenade (page inexistante)">Grenade</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_Guatemala&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Guatemala (page inexistante)">Guatemala</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_Guyana&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Guyana (page inexistante)">Guyana</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Ha%C3%AFti&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Haïti (page inexistante)">Haïti</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_Honduras&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Honduras (page inexistante)">Honduras</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Jama%C3%AFque&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Jamaïque (page inexistante)">Jamaïque</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_Mexique&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Mexique (page inexistante)">Mexique</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_Nicaragua&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Nicaragua (page inexistante)">Nicaragua</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_%C3%A0_Panama&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 à Panama (page inexistante)">Panama</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_Paraguay&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Paraguay (page inexistante)">Paraguay</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_P%C3%A9rou&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Pérou (page inexistante)">Pérou</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_%C3%A0_Saint-Christophe-et-Ni%C3%A9v%C3%A8s&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 à Saint-Christophe-et-Niévès (page inexistante)">Saint-Christophe-et-Niévès</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_%C3%A0_Saint-Vincent-et-les-Grenadines&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 à Saint-Vincent-et-les-Grenadines (page inexistante)">Saint-Vincent-et-les-Grenadines</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_%C3%A0_Sainte-Lucie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 à Sainte-Lucie (page inexistante)">Sainte-Lucie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_Salvador&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Salvador (page inexistante)">Salvador</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_Suriname&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Suriname (page inexistante)">Suriname</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_%C3%A0_Trinit%C3%A9-et-Tobago&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 à Trinité-et-Tobago (page inexistante)">Trinité-et-Tobago</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Uruguay&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Uruguay (page inexistante)">Uruguay</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_Venezuela&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Venezuela (page inexistante)">Venezuela</a></p> </div> <div class="NavEnd"> </div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r222902168"> <div class="NavFrame" style="border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color:#FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="[afficher]/[masquer]"> <div class="NavHead" style="min-height:2.5em;"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_par_pays_en_Asie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 par pays en Asie (page inexistante)">Asie</a> </div> <div class="NavContent" style="background-color:none !important;background:none !important;;"> <p><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Abkhazie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Abkhazie (page inexistante)">Abkhazie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Afghanistan (page inexistante)">Afghanistan</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Arabie_saoudite&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Arabie saoudite (page inexistante)">Arabie saoudite</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Arm%C3%A9nie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Arménie (page inexistante)">Arménie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Azerba%C3%AFdjan&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Azerbaïdjan (page inexistante)">Azerbaïdjan</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_Bahre%C3%AFn&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Bahreïn (page inexistante)">Bahreïn</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_Bangladesh&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Bangladesh (page inexistante)">Bangladesh</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_Bhoutan&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Bhoutan (page inexistante)">Bhoutan</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Birmanie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Birmanie (page inexistante)">Birmanie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_Brunei&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Brunei (page inexistante)">Brunei</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_Cambodge&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Cambodge (page inexistante)">Cambodge</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_dans_le_Caucase&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 dans le Caucase (page inexistante)">Caucase</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Chine&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Chine (page inexistante)">Chine</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_%C3%A0_Chypre&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 à Chypre (page inexistante)">Chypre</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Cor%C3%A9e_du_Nord&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Corée du Nord (page inexistante)">Corée du Nord</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Cor%C3%A9e_du_Sud&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Corée du Sud (page inexistante)">Corée du Sud</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_aux_%C3%89mirats_arabes_unis&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 aux Émirats arabes unis (page inexistante)">Émirats arabes unis</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_G%C3%A9orgie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Géorgie (page inexistante)">Géorgie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_en_Inde?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 en Inde">Inde</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Indon%C3%A9sie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Indonésie (page inexistante)">Indonésie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Irak&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Irak (page inexistante)">Irak</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Iran (page inexistante)">Iran</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_en_Isra%C3%ABl?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 en Israël">Israël</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_Japon&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Japon (page inexistante)">Japon</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Jordanie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Jordanie (page inexistante)">Jordanie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_Kazakhstan&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Kazakhstan (page inexistante)">Kazakhstan</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_Kirghizistan&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Kirghizistan (page inexistante)">Kirghizistan</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_Kurdistan&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Kurdistan (page inexistante)">Kurdistan</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_Kowe%C3%AFt&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Koweït (page inexistante)">Koweït</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_Laos&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Laos (page inexistante)">Laos</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_Liban&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Liban (page inexistante)">Liban</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Malaisie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Malaisie (page inexistante)">Malaisie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_aux_Maldives&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 aux Maldives (page inexistante)">Maldives</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Mongolie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Mongolie (page inexistante)">Mongolie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_N%C3%A9pal&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Népal (page inexistante)">Népal</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Oman&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Oman (page inexistante)">Oman</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Oss%C3%A9tie_du_Sud-Alanie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Ossétie du Sud-Alanie (page inexistante)">Ossétie du Sud-Alanie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Ouzb%C3%A9kistan&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Ouzbékistan (page inexistante)">Ouzbékistan</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_Pakistan&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Pakistan (page inexistante)">Pakistan</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Palestine&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Palestine (page inexistante)">Palestine</a><small> ()</small>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_aux_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 aux Philippines (page inexistante)">Philippines</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_par_pays_au_Proche-Orient&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 par pays au Proche-Orient (page inexistante)">Proche-Orient</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_Qatar&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Qatar (page inexistante)">Qatar</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_en_Russie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 en Russie">Russie</a><small> ()</small>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_%C3%A0_Singapour&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 à Singapour (page inexistante)">Singapour</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_Sri_Lanka&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Sri Lanka (page inexistante)">Sri Lanka</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Syrie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Syrie (page inexistante)">Syrie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_Tadjikistan&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Tadjikistan (page inexistante)">Tadjikistan</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_%C3%A0_Ta%C3%AFwan&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 à Taïwan (page inexistante)">Taïwan</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Tha%C3%AFlande&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Thaïlande (page inexistante)">Thaïlande</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_Timor_oriental&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Timor oriental (page inexistante)">Timor oriental</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_Turkm%C3%A9nistan&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Turkménistan (page inexistante)">Turkménistan</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Turquie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Turquie (page inexistante)">Turquie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_Vi%C3%AAt_Nam&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Viêt Nam (page inexistante)">Viêt Nam</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_Y%C3%A9men&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Yémen (page inexistante)">Yémen</a></p> </div> <div class="NavEnd"> </div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r222902168"> <div class="NavFrame" style="border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color:#FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="[afficher]/[masquer]"> <div class="NavHead" style="min-height:2.5em;"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Europe&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Europe (page inexistante)">Europe</a> </div> <div class="NavContent" style="background-color:none !important;background:none !important;;"> <p><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Abkhazie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Abkhazie (page inexistante)">Abkhazie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Allemagne&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Allemagne (page inexistante)">Allemagne</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Albanie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Albanie (page inexistante)">Albanie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Andorre&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Andorre (page inexistante)">Andorre</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Arm%C3%A9nie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Arménie (page inexistante)">Arménie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Autriche&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Autriche (page inexistante)">Autriche</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Azerba%C3%AFdjan&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Azerbaïdjan (page inexistante)">Azerbaïdjan</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_en_Belgique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 en Belgique">Belgique</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Bi%C3%A9lorussie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Biélorussie (page inexistante)">Biélorussie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Bosnie-Herz%C3%A9govine&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Bosnie-Herzégovine (page inexistante)">Bosnie-Herzégovine</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Bulgarie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Bulgarie (page inexistante)">Bulgarie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_dans_le_Caucase&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 dans le Caucase (page inexistante)">Caucase</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_%C3%A0_Chypre&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 à Chypre (page inexistante)">Chypre</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Croatie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Croatie (page inexistante)">Croatie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_Danemark&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Danemark (page inexistante)">Danemark</a><small> ()</small>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Espagne&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Espagne (page inexistante)">Espagne</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Estonie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Estonie (page inexistante)">Estonie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_en_Finlande?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 en Finlande">Finlande</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_en_France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 en France">France</a> <small>(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_en_Bretagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 en Bretagne">Bretagne</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_en_Lorraine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 en Lorraine">Lorraine</a> et )</small>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_G%C3%A9orgie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Géorgie (page inexistante)">Géorgie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_en_Gr%C3%A8ce?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 en Grèce">Grèce</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Hongrie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Hongrie (page inexistante)">Hongrie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Irlande&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Irlande (page inexistante)">Irlande</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Islande&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Islande (page inexistante)">Islande</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_en_Italie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 en Italie">Italie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_Kazakhstan&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Kazakhstan (page inexistante)">Kazakhstan</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_Kosovo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Kosovo (page inexistante)">Kosovo</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Lettonie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Lettonie (page inexistante)">Lettonie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_Liechtenstein&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Liechtenstein (page inexistante)">Liechtenstein</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Lituanie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Lituanie (page inexistante)">Lituanie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_Luxembourg&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Luxembourg (page inexistante)">Luxembourg</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Mac%C3%A9doine_du_Nord&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Macédoine du Nord (page inexistante)">Macédoine du Nord</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_%C3%A0_Malte&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 à Malte (page inexistante)">Malte</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Moldavie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Moldavie (page inexistante)">Moldavie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_%C3%A0_Monaco&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 à Monaco (page inexistante)">Monaco</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_Mont%C3%A9n%C3%A9gro&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Monténégro (page inexistante)">Monténégro</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_en_Norv%C3%A8ge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 en Norvège">Norvège</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Oss%C3%A9tie_du_Sud-Alanie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Ossétie du Sud-Alanie (page inexistante)">Ossétie du Sud-Alanie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_aux_Pays-Bas&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 aux Pays-Bas (page inexistante)">Pays-Bas</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_en_Pologne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 en Pologne">Pologne</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Portugal (page inexistante)">Portugal</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Roumanie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Roumanie (page inexistante)">Roumanie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_Royaume-Uni&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Royaume-Uni (page inexistante)">Royaume-Uni</a> <small>()</small>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_en_Russie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 en Russie">Russie</a><small> ()</small>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_%C3%A0_Saint-Marin&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 à Saint-Marin (page inexistante)">Saint-Marin</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Serbie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Serbie (page inexistante)">Serbie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Slovaquie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Slovaquie (page inexistante)">Slovaquie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Slov%C3%A9nie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Slovénie (page inexistante)">Slovénie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Su%C3%A8de&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Suède (page inexistante)">Suède</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_en_Suisse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 en Suisse">Suisse</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Tch%C3%A9quie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Tchéquie (page inexistante)">Tchéquie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Turquie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Turquie (page inexistante)">Turquie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Ukraine (page inexistante)">Ukraine</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_Vatican&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Vatican (page inexistante)">Vatican</a></p> </div> <div class="NavEnd"> </div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r222902168"> <div class="NavFrame" style="border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color:#FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="[afficher]/[masquer]"> <div class="NavHead" style="min-height:2.5em;"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_par_pays_en_Oc%C3%A9anie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 par pays en Océanie (page inexistante)">Océanie</a> </div> <div class="NavContent" style="background-color:none !important;background:none !important;;"> <p><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_en_Australie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 en Australie">Australie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_aux_%C3%8Eles_Cook&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 aux Îles Cook (page inexistante)">Îles Cook</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_aux_%C3%89tats_f%C3%A9d%C3%A9r%C3%A9s_de_Micron%C3%A9sie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 aux États fédérés de Micronésie (page inexistante)">États fédérés de Micronésie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_aux_Fidji&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 aux Fidji (page inexistante)">Fidji</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Indon%C3%A9sie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Indonésie (page inexistante)">Indonésie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_aux_%C3%8Eles_Marshall&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 aux Îles Marshall (page inexistante)">Îles Marshall</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_%C3%A0_Nauru&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 à Nauru (page inexistante)">Nauru</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_%C3%A0_Niue&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 à Niue (page inexistante)">Niue</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Nouvelle-Z%C3%A9lande&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Nouvelle-Zélande (page inexistante)">Nouvelle-Zélande</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_aux_Palaos&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 aux Palaos (page inexistante)">Palaos</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guin%C3%A9e&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée (page inexistante)">Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_aux_Kiribati&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 aux Kiribati (page inexistante)">Kiribati</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_aux_%C3%8Eles_Salomon&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 aux Îles Salomon (page inexistante)">Îles Salomon</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_aux_Samoa&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 aux Samoa (page inexistante)">Samoa</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_aux_Samoa_am%C3%A9ricaines&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 aux Samoa américaines (page inexistante)">Samoa américaines</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_Timor_oriental&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Timor oriental (page inexistante)">Timor oriental</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_aux_Tonga&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 aux Tonga (page inexistante)">Tonga</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_aux_Tuvalu&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 aux Tuvalu (page inexistante)">Tuvalu</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_au_Vanuatu&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 au Vanuatu (page inexistante)">Vanuatu</a></p> </div> <div class="NavEnd"> </div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r222902168"> <div class="NavFrame" style="border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color:#FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="[afficher]/[masquer]"> <div class="NavHead" style="min-height:2.5em;"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_dans_les_mers_et_oc%C3%A9ans&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 dans les mers et océans (page inexistante)">Mers et océans</a> </div> <div class="NavContent" style="background-color:none !important;background:none !important;;"> <p><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_dans_la_Manche&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 dans la Manche (page inexistante)">Manche</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_mer_Baltique&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en mer Baltique (page inexistante)">Mer Baltique</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_mer_des_Cara%C3%AFbes&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en mer des Caraïbes (page inexistante)">Mer des Caraïbes</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_mer_Caspienne&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en mer Caspienne (page inexistante)">Mer Caspienne</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_mer_M%C3%A9diterran%C3%A9e&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en mer Méditerranée (page inexistante)">Mer Méditerranée</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_mer_du_Nord&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en mer du Nord (page inexistante)">Mer du Nord</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_mer_Noire&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en mer Noire (page inexistante)">Mer Noire</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_mer_Rouge&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en mer Rouge (page inexistante)">Mer Rouge</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_dans_l'oc%C3%A9an_Arctique&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 dans l'océan Arctique (page inexistante)">Océan Arctique</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_dans_l'oc%C3%A9an_Atlantique&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 dans l'océan Atlantique (page inexistante)">Océan Atlantique</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_dans_l'oc%C3%A9an_Austral&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 dans l'océan Austral (page inexistante)">Océan Austral</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_dans_l'oc%C3%A9an_Indien&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 dans l'océan Indien (page inexistante)">Océan Indien</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_dans_l'oc%C3%A9an_Pacifique&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 dans l'océan Pacifique (page inexistante)">Océan Pacifique</a></p> </div> <div class="NavEnd"> </div> </div><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_Antarctique&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en Antarctique (page inexistante)">Antarctique</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table> <caption style="background-color:#CEE0F2;"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_des_chronologies_th%C3%A9matiques?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liste des chronologies thématiques">Chronologies thématiques</a> </caption> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"> <div class="liste-horizontale"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r222902168"> <div class="NavFrame" style="border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color:#FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="[afficher]/[masquer]"> <div class="NavHead" style="min-height:2.5em;"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_art&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en art (page inexistante)">Art</a> </div> <div class="NavContent" style="background-color:none !important;background:none !important;;"> <p><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_animation_asiatique&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en animation asiatique (page inexistante)">Animation asiatique</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_en_architecture?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 en architecture">Architecture</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_en_arts_plastiques?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 en arts plastiques">Arts plastiques</a> <small>(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_dessin&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en dessin (page inexistante)">Dessin</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_gravure&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en gravure (page inexistante)">Gravure</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_lithographie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en lithographie (page inexistante)">Lithographie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_peinture&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en peinture (page inexistante)">Peinture</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_sculpture&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en sculpture (page inexistante)">Sculpture</a>)</small>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_en_bande_dessin%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 en bande dessinée">Bande dessinée</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_au_cin%C3%A9ma?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 au cinéma">Cinéma</a> <small>(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_des_films_sovi%C3%A9tiques_sortis_en_1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liste des films soviétiques sortis en 1950">Liste des films soviétiques sortis</a>)</small>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_en_dada%C3%AFsme_et_surr%C3%A9alisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 en dadaïsme et surréalisme">Dadaïsme et surréalisme</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_danse&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en danse (page inexistante)">Danse</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_chez_Disney?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 chez Disney">Disney</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_aux_%C3%A9checs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 aux échecs">Échecs</a>, Genres <small>(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_en_fantasy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 en fantasy">Fantasy</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_en_science-fiction?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 en science-fiction">Science-fiction</a>)</small>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_en_litt%C3%A9rature?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 en littérature">Littérature</a> <small>()</small>, Musique <small>(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_en_musique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 en musique">Populaire</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_en_musique_classique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 en musique classique">Classique</a>)</small>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_en_photographie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 en photographie">Photographie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_%C3%A0_la_radio&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 à la radio (page inexistante)">Radio</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_%C3%A0_la_t%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 à la télévision">Télévision</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_au_th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 au théâtre">Théâtre</a></p> </div> <div class="NavEnd"> </div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r222902168"> <div class="NavFrame" style="border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color:#FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="[afficher]/[masquer]"> <div class="NavHead" style="min-height:2.5em;"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_en_ing%C3%A9nierie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 en ingénierie">Ingénierie</a> </div> <div class="NavContent" style="background-color:none !important;background:none !important;;"> <p><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_en_a%C3%A9ronautique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 en aéronautique">Aéronautique</a> <small>()</small>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_en_architecture?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 en architecture">Architecture</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_dans_les_chemins_de_fer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 dans les chemins de fer">Chemins de fer</a> <small>()</small>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_informatique&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en informatique (page inexistante)">Informatique</a> <small>()</small> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_dans_les_parcs_de_loisirs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 dans les parcs de loisirs">Parcs de loisirs</a></p> </div> <div class="NavEnd"> </div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r222902168"> <div class="NavFrame" style="border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color:#FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="[afficher]/[masquer]"> <div class="NavHead" style="min-height:2.5em;"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_politique&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en politique (page inexistante)">Politique</a> </div> <div class="NavContent" style="background-color:none !important;background:none !important;;"> <p><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_en_droit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 en droit">Droit</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_d%27%C3%A9lections_en_1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liste d'élections en 1950">Élections</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_dans_la_fonction_publique&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 dans la fonction publique (page inexistante)">Fonction publique</a> <small>(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_dans_la_police&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 dans la police (page inexistante)">Police</a>)</small>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_aux_Nations_unies&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 aux Nations unies (page inexistante)">Nations unies</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_dans_l'Union_europ%C3%A9enne&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 dans l'Union européenne (page inexistante)">Union européenne</a></p> </div> <div class="NavEnd"> </div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r222902168"> <div class="NavFrame" style="border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color:#FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="[afficher]/[masquer]"> <div class="NavHead" style="min-height:2.5em;"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_religion&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en religion (page inexistante)">Religion</a> </div> <div class="NavContent" style="background-color:none !important;background:none !important;;"> <p><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_dans_le_bouddhisme&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 dans le bouddhisme (page inexistante)">Bouddhisme</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_dans_le_christianisme&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 dans le christianisme (page inexistante)">Christianisme</a> <small>(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_dans_le_catholicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 dans le catholicisme">Catholicisme</a>, et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_dans_le_protestantisme&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 dans le protestantisme (page inexistante)">Protestantisme</a>)</small>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_dans_l'hindouisme&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 dans l'hindouisme (page inexistante)">Hindouisme</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_dans_l'islam&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 dans l'islam (page inexistante)">Islam</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_dans_le_juda%C3%AFsme&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 dans le judaïsme (page inexistante)">Judaïsme</a></p> </div> <div class="NavEnd"> </div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r222902168"> <div class="NavFrame" style="border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color:#FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="[afficher]/[masquer]"> <div class="NavHead" style="min-height:2.5em;"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_en_science?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 en science">Science</a> </div> <div class="NavContent" style="background-color:none !important;background:none !important;;"> <p><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_en_arch%C3%A9ologie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 en archéologie">Archéologie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_en_astronomie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 en astronomie">Astronomie</a> <small>()</small>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_biologie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en biologie (page inexistante)">Biologie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_en_chimie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 en chimie">Chimie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_climatologie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en climatologie (page inexistante)">Climatologie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_%C3%A9conomie_(discipline)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en économie (discipline) (page inexistante)">Économie (discipline)</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_exploration&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en exploration (page inexistante)">Exploration</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_g%C3%A9ologie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en géologie (page inexistante)">Géologie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_histoire&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en histoire (page inexistante)">Histoire</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_informatique&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en informatique (page inexistante)">Informatique</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_linguistique&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en linguistique (page inexistante)">Linguistique</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_en_math%C3%A9matiques?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 en mathématiques">Mathématiques</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_numismatique&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en numismatique (page inexistante)">Numismatique</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_en_pal%C3%A9ontologie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1950 en paléontologie">Paléontologie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_physique&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en physique (page inexistante)">Physique</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_psychologie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en psychologie (page inexistante)">Psychologie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_en_sant%C3%A9_et_m%C3%A9decine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 en santé et médecine">Santé et médecine</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_en_sociologie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 en sociologie">Sociologie</a></p> </div> <div class="NavEnd"> </div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r222902168"> <div class="NavFrame" style="border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color:#FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="[afficher]/[masquer]"> <div class="NavHead" style="min-height:2.5em;"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_en_sport?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 en sport">Sport</a> </div> <div class="NavContent" style="background-color:none !important;background:none !important;;"> <p><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_athl%C3%A9tisme&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en athlétisme (page inexistante)">Athlétisme</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_aviron&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en aviron (page inexistante)">Aviron</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_baseball&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en baseball (page inexistante)">Baseball</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_boxe_anglaise&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en boxe anglaise (page inexistante)">Boxe anglaise</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_en_basket-ball?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 en basket-ball">Basket-ball</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_bobsleigh&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en bobsleigh (page inexistante)">Bobsleigh</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_cano%C3%AB-kayak&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en canoë-kayak (page inexistante)">Canoë-kayak</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_catch&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en catch (page inexistante)">Catch</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_en_combin%C3%A9_nordique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 en combiné nordique">Combiné nordique</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_curling&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en curling (page inexistante)">Curling</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_en_cyclisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 en cyclisme">Cyclisme</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_escrime&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en escrime (page inexistante)">Escrime</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_en_football?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 en football">Football</a> <small>(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_football_am%C3%A9ricain&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en football américain (page inexistante)">Américain</a>)</small>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_golf&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en golf (page inexistante)">Golf</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_gymnastique&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en gymnastique (page inexistante)">Gymnastique</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_halt%C3%A9rophilie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en haltérophilie (page inexistante)">Haltérophilie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_handball&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en handball (page inexistante)">Handball</a>, Hockey <small>(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_hockey_sur_gazon&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en hockey sur gazon (page inexistante)">Sur gazon</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_en_hockey_sur_glace?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 en hockey sur glace">Sur glace</a>)</small>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_lutte&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en lutte (page inexistante)">Lutte</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_natation&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en natation (page inexistante)">Natation</a>, Patinage <small>(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_patinage_artistique&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en patinage artistique (page inexistante)">Artistique</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_patinage_de_vitesse&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en patinage de vitesse (page inexistante)">De vitesse</a>)</small>, Rugby <small>(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_rugby_%C3%A0_XIII&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en rugby à XIII (page inexistante)">À XIII</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_en_rugby_%C3%A0_XV?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 en rugby à XV">À XV</a>)</small>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_ski&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en ski (page inexistante)">Ski</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_en_sport_automobile?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 en sport automobile">Sport automobile</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_sports_%C3%A9questres&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en sports équestres (page inexistante)">Sports équestres</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_sport_hippique&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en sport hippique (page inexistante)">Sport hippique</a>, Sports pluridisciplinaires <small>(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_d%C3%A9cathlon&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en décathlon (page inexistante)">Décathlon</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_pentathlon_modern&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en pentathlon modern (page inexistante)">Pentathlon moderne</a>)</small>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_tennis&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en tennis (page inexistante)">Tennis</a> <small>()</small>, Tir <small>(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_tir_%C3%A0_l'arc&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en tir à l'arc (page inexistante)">À l'arc</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_tir_sportif&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en tir sportif (page inexistante)">Sportif</a>)</small>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_voile&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en voile (page inexistante)">Voile</a>, <small>()</small> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_water-polo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en water-polo (page inexistante)">Water-polo</a></p> </div> <div class="NavEnd"> </div> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D%C3%A9c%C3%A8s_en_1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Décès en 1950">Décès</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_%C3%A9conomie_(activit%C3%A9_humaine)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en économie (activité humaine) (page inexistante)">Économie (activité humaine)</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950_en_journalisme&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1950 en journalisme (page inexistante)">Journalisme</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Naissance_en_1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Naissance en 1950">Naissance</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_en_philosophie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 en philosophie">Philosophie</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Terrorisme_en_1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Terrorisme en 1950">Terrorisme</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table> <caption style="background-color:#CEE0F2;"> Calendriers </caption> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"> <div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calendrier_romain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calendrier romain">Romain</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calendrier_chinois?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calendrier chinois">Chinois</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calendrier_gr%C3%A9gorien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calendrier grégorien">Grégorien</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calendrier_julien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calendrier julien">Julien</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calendrier_h%C3%A9bra%C3%AFque?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calendrier hébraïque">Hébraïque</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calendrier_hindou?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calendrier hindou">Hindou</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calendrier_h%C3%A9girien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calendrier hégirien">Hégirien</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calendrier_persan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calendrier persan">Persan</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calendrier_r%C3%A9publicain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calendrier républicain">Républicain</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p class="navbar bordered noprint" style="border-color:#CEE0F2;"><span class="plainlinks navigation-not-searchable"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3D1950%26action%3Dedit">modifier</a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Ann%C3%A9es?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a></span></p> </div> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Sommaire</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#En_bref"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">En bref</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%C3%89v%C3%A9nements"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Événements</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Afrique"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Afrique</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Am%C3%A9rique"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Amérique</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Asie_et_Pacifique%5B1%5D"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Asie et Pacifique<sup><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></sup></span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-6"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Cor%C3%A9e"><span class="tocnumber">2.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Corée</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Europe"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Europe</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-8"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Europe_de_l%E2%80%99Est"><span class="tocnumber">2.4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Europe de l’Est</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-9"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Europe_de_l%E2%80%99Ouest"><span class="tocnumber">2.4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Europe de l’Ouest</span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Fondations_en_1950"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Fondations en 1950</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Naissances_en_1950"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Naissances en 1950</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#D%C3%A9c%C3%A8s_en_1950"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Décès en 1950</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Notes_et_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rences"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Notes et références</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Voir_aussi"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Voir aussi</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Articles_connexes"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Articles connexes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Liens_externes"><span class="tocnumber">7.2</span> <span class="toctext">Liens externes</span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="En_bref">En bref</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : En bref" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/14_f%C3%A9vrier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="14 février">14 février</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pacte_sino-sovi%C3%A9tique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pacte sino-soviétique">pacte sino-soviétique</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/9_mai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="9 mai">9 mai</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D%C3%A9claration_Schuman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Déclaration Schuman">déclaration Schuman</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/25_juin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="25 juin">25 juin</a> : début de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guerre_de_Cor%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guerre de Corée">guerre de Corée</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/7_octobre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="7 octobre">7 octobre</a> : début de l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Intervention_militaire_chinoise_au_Tibet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Intervention militaire chinoise au Tibet">intervention militaire chinoise au Tibet</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/3_novembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="3 novembre">3 novembre</a> : résolution de l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Assembl%C3%A9e_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_des_Nations_unies?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Assemblée générale des Nations unies">Assemblée générale des Nations unies</a> dite « <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Union_pour_le_maintien_de_la_paix?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Union pour le maintien de la paix">Union pour le maintien de la paix</a> » ou résolution Acheson<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Événements"><span id=".C3.89v.C3.A9nements"></span>Événements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Événements" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Afrique">Afrique</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Afrique" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/3_janvier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="3 janvier">3 janvier</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89gypte?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Égypte">Égypte</a> : le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parti_Wafd?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parti Wafd">parti Wafd</a> gagne les élections législatives. le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/12_janvier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="12 janvier">12 janvier</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moustapha_el-Nahhas_Pacha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moustapha el-Nahhas Pacha">Nahhas Pacha</a> forme le gouvernement<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/8_janvier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="8 janvier">8 janvier</a> : début de la campagne d’« action positive » du <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Convention_People%27s_Party?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Convention People's Party">Convention People’s Party</a></i> en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B4te-de-l%27Or_(colonie_britannique)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Côte-de-l'Or (colonie britannique)">Côte-de-l’Or</a>. Une grève générale est lancée à minuit. L’état d’urgence est déclaré le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/11_janvier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="11 janvier">11 janvier</a>, et le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/21_janvier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="21 janvier">21</a>, le leader indépendantiste <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kwame Nkrumah">Kwame Nkrumah</a> est arrêté<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/21_janvier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="21 janvier">21 janvier</a>- <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2_f%C3%A9vrier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2 février">2 février</a> : répression des émeutes en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Côte d'Ivoire">Côte d’Ivoire</a>, déclenchées en <time class="nowrap" datetime="1949-12" data-sort-value="1949-12">décembre 1949</time> pour réclamer la libération des dirigeants du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rassemblement_d%C3%A9mocratique_africain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rassemblement démocratique africain">RDA</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bouafl%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bouaflé">Bouaflé</a> le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/21_janvier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="21 janvier">21 janvier</a>, à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dimbokro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dimbokro">Dimbokro</a> le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/30_janvier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="30 janvier">30 janvier</a>, à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%A9gu%C3%A9la?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Séguéla">Séguéla</a> le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2_f%C3%A9vrier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2 février">2 février</a>, respectivement 3, 14 et 3 morts). Échec d’une tentative d’arrestation du Président du RDA, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Houphou%C3%ABt_Boigny?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Félix Houphouët Boigny">Félix Houphouët Boigny</a>, le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/27_janvier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="27 janvier">27 janvier</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1er_avril?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1er avril"><abbr class="abbr" title="Premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> avril</a> : la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Somalie_italienne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Somalie italienne">Somalie</a> est placée par l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Organisation_des_Nations_unies?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Organisation des Nations unies">ONU</a> sous <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Territoire_sous_tutelle_de_la_Somalie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Territoire sous tutelle de la Somalie">administration provisoire italienne</a> (fin en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1960?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1960">1960</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/5_avril?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="5 avril">5</a>-<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/7_avril?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="7 avril">7 avril</a> : création de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_des_%C3%A9tudiants_d%27Afrique_noire_en_France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fédération des étudiants d'Afrique noire en France">Fédération des étudiants d’Afrique noire en France</a> (FEANF), adhérente de l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Union_internationale_des_%C3%A9tudiants?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Union internationale des étudiants">Union internationale des étudiants</a>, proche du mouvement communiste (congrès constitutifs de Lyon (5-<time class="nowrap" datetime="04-07" data-sort-value="04-07">7 avril</time>) et de Bordeaux (28-<time class="nowrap" datetime="12-30" data-sort-value="12-30">30 décembre</time>)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/8_mai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="8 mai">8 mai</a> : rupture entre le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rassemblement_d%C3%A9mocratique_africain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rassemblement démocratique africain">Rassemblement démocratique africain</a> et le Parti communiste français à la suite de la décision de son président <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Houphou%C3%ABt-Boigny?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Félix Houphouët-Boigny">Félix Houphouët-Boigny</a> de faire route commune au sein de l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Union_d%C3%A9mocratique_et_socialiste_de_la_R%C3%A9sistance?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Union démocratique et socialiste de la Résistance">UDSR</a>-RDA avec le parti de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="François Mitterrand">François Mitterrand</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Pleven?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="René Pleven">René Pleven</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/16_mai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="16 mai">16</a> - <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/25_mai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="25 mai">25 mai</a> : grève générale à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nairobi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nairobi">Nairobi</a> au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kenya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kenya">Kenya</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/9_juin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="9 juin">9 juin</a> : déclaration publique de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Robert_Schuman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Robert Schuman">Robert Schuman</a> à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thionville?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thionville">Thionville</a> admettant l’indépendance de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tunisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tunisie">Tunisie</a> comme objectif ultime<sup id="cite_ref-Montagnon_9-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Montagnon-9"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/9_juin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="9 juin">9</a>-<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/10_juin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="10 juin">10 juin</a> : grève générale à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conakry?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conakry">Conakry</a> en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guin%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guinée">Guinée</a> après l’arrestation de syndicalistes<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-10"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>10<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/11_juillet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="11 juillet">11 juillet</a> : avis de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cour_internationale_de_justice?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cour internationale de justice">Cour internationale de justice</a> au sujet du statut international du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sud-Ouest_africain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sud-Ouest africain">Sud-Ouest africain</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Elle accepte le refus de l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Afrique_du_Sud?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Afrique du Sud">Afrique du Sud</a> de céder à l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Organisation_des_Nations_unies?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Organisation des Nations unies">ONU</a> son mandat sur le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sud-Ouest_africain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sud-Ouest africain">Sud-Ouest africain</a> mais affirme qu’elle ne peut modifier unilatéralement le statut du territoire<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-12"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>12<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/17_ao%C3%BBt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="17 août">17 août</a> : le modéré <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%27hamed_Chenik?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="M'hamed Chenik">M’hamed Chenik</a> forme un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gouvernement_M%27hamed_Chenik_(2)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Gouvernement M'hamed Chenik (2)">gouvernement</a> avec la participation des nationalistes du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/N%C3%A9o-Destour?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Néo-Destour">Néo-Destour</a> en Tunisie<sup id="cite_ref-Montagnon_9-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Montagnon-9"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/21_novembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="21 novembre">21 novembre</a>, Tunisie : la répression d’une grève au domaine d’Enfidaville provoque 5 morts, cinquante blessés et une centaine d’arrestations<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-13"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>13<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/26_novembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="26 novembre">26 novembre</a> : élection d’une Assemblée nationale en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Libye?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Libye">Libye</a> pour élaborer une constitution et mettre en place un gouvernement en vue de l’indépendance (résolution 289 de l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Organisation_des_Nations_unies?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Organisation des Nations unies">ONU</a> du <time class="nowrap" datetime="1949-11-21" data-sort-value="1949-11-21">21 novembre 1949</time>). Le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2_d%C3%A9cembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2 décembre">2 décembre</a>, l’Assemblée nationale offre la couronne au roi <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Idris_Ier_(roi_de_Libye)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Idris Ier (roi de Libye)">Idriss</a>, qui le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1951-12-24" data-sort-value="1951-12-24">24 décembre 1951</time> proclame l’indépendance du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume_de_Libye?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume de Libye">royaume de Libye</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-14"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>14<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/22_d%C3%A9cembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="22 décembre">22 décembre</a> : nouvelle constitution en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B4te-de-l%27Or_(colonie_britannique)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Côte-de-l'Or (colonie britannique)">Côte-de-l’Or</a> introduisant un système ministériel<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-15"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>15<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D%C3%A9cembre_1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Décembre 1950">Décembre</a> : premier numéro de <i>Consciences algériennes</i>, revue fondée par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Mandouze?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="André Mandouze">André Mandouze</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Ch%C3%A2telet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="François Châtelet">François Châtelet</a>, au comité de laquelle appartient deux Arabes, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Abdelkader_Mahdad?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abdelkader Mahdad">Abdelkader Mahdad</a> et Abdelkader Mimouni et un pied-noir israélite, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jean_Cohen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jean Cohen">Jean Cohen</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-16"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>16<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Dans son Appel, la revue se prononce « contre la colonisation et contre le racisme, pour une <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alg%C3%A9rie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Algérie">Algérie</a> libre, démocratique et sociale ». Un tel programme entraîne son interdiction<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-17"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>17<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul> <ul> <li>Constitution de l’ABAKO par Edmond Nzeza Landu. Il est au départ une simple association de défense de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kikongo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kikongo">langue kongo</a>, en particulier face à l’avancée du lingala (langue du commerce fluvial), puis se politise à partir de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1954?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1954">1954</a> sous la direction de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Joseph_Kasa-Vubu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Joseph Kasa-Vubu">Joseph Kasa-Vubu</a> pour devenir le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1959-06-26" data-sort-value="1959-06-26">26 juin 1959</time> l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alliance_des_Bakongo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alliance des Bakongo">Alliance des Bakongo</a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-18"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>18<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Amérique"><span id="Am.C3.A9rique"></span>Amérique</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Amérique" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Articles détaillés : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_au_Canada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 au Canada">1950 au Canada</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_aux_%C3%89tats-Unis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 aux États-Unis">1950 aux États-Unis</a>. </div> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/10_mai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="10 mai">10 mai</a> : coup d’État militaire en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ha%C3%AFti?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Haïti">Haïti</a>. Début de la dictature du colonel <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paul_Magloire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paul Magloire">Paul Magloire</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-19"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>19<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/21_mai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="21 mai">21 mai</a> : élections truquées au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nicaragua?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a>. <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anastasio_Somoza_Garc%C3%ADa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anastasio Somoza García">Anastasio Somoza García</a> reprend le pouvoir (fin en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1956?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1956">1956</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Henderson_20-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Henderson-20"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>20<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2_juillet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2 juillet">2 juillet</a> : le général <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manuel_A._Odr%C3%ADa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Manuel A. Odría">Manuel A. Odría</a> est élu frauduleusement président de la république au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C3%A9rou?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pérou">Pérou</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-21"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>21<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dabène_22-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Dab%C3%A8ne-22"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>22<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/17_juillet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="17 juillet">17 juillet</a> : arrestation de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Julius_Rosenberg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Julius Rosenberg">Julius Rosenberg</a> accusé d’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Renseignement?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Renseignement">espionnage</a> au profit de l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/URSS?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="URSS">URSS</a>. Sa femme Ethel est également arrêtée le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/11_ao%C3%BBt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="11 août">11 août</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-23"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>23<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/31_ao%C3%BBt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="31 août">31 août</a>-<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/12_septembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="12 septembre">12 septembre</a> : l’<i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ouragan_Dog_(1950)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ouragan Dog (1950)">Ouragan Dog</a></i> ravage les Antilles et la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B4te_Est_des_%C3%89tats-Unis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Côte Est des États-Unis">Côte Est des États-Unis</a><sup id="cite_ref-mwr_24-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-mwr-24"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>24<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2_octobre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2 octobre">2 octobere</a> : La <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bande_dessin%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bande dessinée">bande dessinée</a> <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peanuts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Peanuts">Peanuts</a></i> de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Charles_Schulz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Charles Schulz">Charles M. Schulz</a> est publiée pour la première fois dans sept journaux américains.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/3_octobre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="3 octobre">3 octobre</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Br%C3%A9sil?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brésil">Brésil</a> : l’ex-président <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Get%C3%BAlio_Vargas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Getúlio Vargas">Getúlio Vargas</a>, soutenu par le <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Partido_Trabalhista_Brasileiro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Partido Trabalhista Brasileiro">Partido Trabalhista Brasileiro</a></i> et le <i>Partido social Progressista</i>, est réélu président de la république du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Histoire_du_Br%C3%A9sil?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Histoire du Brésil">Brésil</a> à une écrasante majorité (48,7 %)<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-25"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>25<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, en bénéficiant d’un grand courant patriotique, en réaction d’une part à la menace soviétique et d’autre part à l’ingérence économique américaine (début de mandat le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1951-01-31" data-sort-value="1951-01-31">31 janvier 1951</time>, fin en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1954?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1954">1954</a>). <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Fernandes_Campos_Caf%C3%A9_Filho?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="João Fernandes Campos Café Filho">João Fernandes Campos Café Filho</a>, vice-président<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-26"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>26<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/6_d%C3%A9cembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="6 décembre">6 décembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paul_Magloire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paul Magloire">Paul Magloire</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89lection_pr%C3%A9sidentielle_ha%C3%AFtienne_de_1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Élection présidentielle haïtienne de 1950">élu</a> le <time class="nowrap" datetime="10-08" data-sort-value="10-08">8 octobre</time>, prend ses fonctions de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_des_chefs_d%27%C3%89tat_d%27Ha%C3%AFti?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Liste des chefs d'État d'Haïti">président</a> à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ha%C3%AFti?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Haïti">Haïti</a> (fin en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1956?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1956">1956</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-27"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>27<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/11_d%C3%A9cembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="11 décembre">11 décembre</a> : le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_la_paix?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prix Nobel de la paix">prix Nobel de la paix</a> est attribué à l’Américain <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ralph_Bunche?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ralph Bunche">Ralph Bunche</a><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-28"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>28<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Asie_et_Pacifique[1]"><span id="Asie_et_Pacifique.5B1.5D"></span>Asie et Pacifique<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Asie et Pacifique[1]" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li>Début janvier: incendies au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queensland">Queensland</a> et en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nouvelle-Galles_du_Sud?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nouvelle-Galles du Sud">Nouvelle-Galles du Sud</a>, dévastant des milliers de kilomètres carrés de prairies<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-29"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>29<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/6_janvier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="6 janvier">6 janvier</a> : la Grande-Bretagne rompt ses relations diplomatiques avec <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ta%C3%AFwan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Taïwan">Taïwan</a> et reconnaît la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_populaire_de_Chine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="République populaire de Chine">république populaire de Chine</a>, suivie par la Norvège (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/7_janvier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="7 janvier">7 janvier</a>), le Danemark (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/9_janvier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="9 janvier">9 janvier</a>), la Finlande (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/13_janvier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="13 janvier">13 janvier</a>), la Suède (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/14_janvier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="14 janvier">14 janvier</a>), la Suisse (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/17_janvier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="17 janvier">17 janvier</a>) et les Pays-Bas (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/27_mars?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="27 mars">27 mars</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-30"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>30<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/18_janvier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="18 janvier">18 janvier</a> : reconnaissance par la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_populaire_de_Chine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="République populaire de Chine">Chine</a> du gouvernement <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_d%C3%A9mocratique_du_Vi%C3%AAt_Nam?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="République démocratique du Viêt Nam">vietnamien</a> de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/H%C3%B4_Chi_Minh?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hô Chi Minh">Hô Chi Minh</a><sup id="cite_ref-Tertrais_31-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Tertrais-31"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>31<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Siliwangi_headquarter_occupied_by_the_APRA.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Siliwangi_headquarter_occupied_by_the_APRA.jpg/220px-Siliwangi_headquarter_occupied_by_the_APRA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="188" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2087" data-file-height="1783"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 188px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Siliwangi_headquarter_occupied_by_the_APRA.jpg/220px-Siliwangi_headquarter_occupied_by_the_APRA.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="188" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Siliwangi_headquarter_occupied_by_the_APRA.jpg/330px-Siliwangi_headquarter_occupied_by_the_APRA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Siliwangi_headquarter_occupied_by_the_APRA.jpg/440px-Siliwangi_headquarter_occupied_by_the_APRA.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Le quartier général de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Division_Siliwangi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Division Siliwangi">division Siliwangi</a> occupé par l’APRA du capitaine <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Raymond_Westerling?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Raymond Westerling">Raymond Westerling</a> (photo prise le 23 janvier). </figcaption> </figure> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/23_janvier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="23 janvier">23 janvier</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indon%C3%A9sie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indonésie">Indonésie</a> : le capitaine <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Raymond_Westerling?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Raymond Westerling">Raymond Westerling</a>, ancien officier de l’armée néerlandaise, tente un coup de force sur <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bandung?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bandung">Bandung</a><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-32"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>32<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sevin_33-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Sevin-33"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>33<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Il échoue et doit s’enfuir à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Singapour?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Singapour">Singapour</a> puis aux <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pays-Bas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pays-Bas">Pays-Bas</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/23_janvier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="23 janvier">23 janvier</a> : ouverture à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Canberra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Canberra">Canberra</a> de la première <i>Australian Citizenship Convention</i><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-34"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>34<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> ; l’Australien <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Harold_Holt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Harold Holt">Harold Holt</a>, ministre (conservateur) de l’Immigration, déclare que son pays accueillerait cette année 200 000 émigrants<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-35"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>35<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/24_janvier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="24 janvier">24 janvier</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rajendra_Prasad?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rajendra Prasad">Rajendra Prasad</a> est élu premier <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_des_pr%C3%A9sidents_de_l%27Inde?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liste des présidents de l'Inde">président de l’Union indienne</a> par l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Assembl%C3%A9e_constituante_indienne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Assemblée constituante indienne">Assemblée constituante indienne</a> lors de sa dernière session<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-36"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>36<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Jawaharlal_Nehru_signing_Indian_Constitution.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Jawaharlal_Nehru_signing_Indian_Constitution.jpg/220px-Jawaharlal_Nehru_signing_Indian_Constitution.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="635" data-file-height="441"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 153px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Jawaharlal_Nehru_signing_Indian_Constitution.jpg/220px-Jawaharlal_Nehru_signing_Indian_Constitution.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="153" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Jawaharlal_Nehru_signing_Indian_Constitution.jpg/330px-Jawaharlal_Nehru_signing_Indian_Constitution.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Jawaharlal_Nehru_signing_Indian_Constitution.jpg/440px-Jawaharlal_Nehru_signing_Indian_Constitution.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Nehru</a> signe la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Constitution_de_l%27Inde?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Constitution de l'Inde">Constitution de l’Inde</a> </figcaption> </figure> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/26_janvier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="26 janvier">26 janvier</a> : <ul> <li>promulgation de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Constitution_de_l%27Inde?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Constitution de l'Inde">Constitution</a> de l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Histoire_de_l%27Inde?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#La_Partition_et_les_premi%C3%A8res_ann%C3%A9es" title="Histoire de l'Inde">Union indienne</a>, composée de 395 articles<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-37"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>37<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Elle est basée sur les principes de démocratie, de laïcité et d’égalité, le dernier principe visant à abolir le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_de_castes_en_Inde?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Système de castes en Inde">système des castes</a>.</li> <li>les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tat_d%27Hyderabad?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="État d'Hyderabad">États du nizâm d’Hyderabad</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Asaf_Jah_VII?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Asaf Jah VII">Asaf Jah VII</a> sont annexés à l’Union indienne et divisés<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-38"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>38<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Janvier_1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Janvier 1950">Janvier</a> : 200 hommes du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kuomintang?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a> (nationalistes chinois soutenues par la CIA américaine) s’installent dans la région de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kengtung?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kengtung">Kengtung</a> en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Birmanie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Birmanie">Birmanie</a> dans l’espoir d’une reconquête de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chine">Chine</a>. Ils seront rejoints, en mars, par 1 500 autres Chinois du Kuomintang dans le but de recruter parmi les Chinois de Birmanie, les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shan">Shan</a> et les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jingpo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jingpo">Kachin</a><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-39"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>39<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/30_janvier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="30 janvier">30 janvier</a> : la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_d%C3%A9mocratique_du_Vi%C3%AAt_Nam?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="République démocratique du Viêt Nam">république démocratique du Viêt Nam</a> est reconnue par l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Union_des_r%C3%A9publiques_socialistes_sovi%C3%A9tiques?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques">Union soviétique</a><sup id="cite_ref-Tertrais_31-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Tertrais-31"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>31<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/7_f%C3%A9vrier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="7 février">7 février</a> : reconnaissance par les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="États-Unis">États-Unis</a> et le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume-Uni?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume-Uni">Royaume-Uni</a> de l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tat_du_Vi%C3%AAt_Nam?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="État du Viêt Nam">État du Viêt Nam</a>, gouvernement Vietnamien de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3o_%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bảo Đại">Bảo Đại</a><sup id="cite_ref-Tertrais_31-2" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Tertrais-31"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>31<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Après la victoire des communistes en Chine, Britanniques et Américains s’inquiètent de l’appui apporté par les Chinois au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vi%C3%AAt-minh?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Viêt-minh">Viêt-minh</a> et accroissent leur aide en matériel militaire à la France.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/14_f%C3%A9vrier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="14 février">14 février</a> : signature à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moscou?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moscou">Moscou</a> du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pacte_sino-sovi%C3%A9tique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pacte sino-soviétique">pacte sino-soviétique</a>, traité d’amitié, d’alliance et d’assistance mutuelle de trente ans entre la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_populaire_de_Chine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="République populaire de Chine">Chine</a> et l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Union_des_r%C3%A9publiques_socialistes_sovi%C3%A9tiques?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques">Union soviétique</a><sup id="cite_ref-Tertrais2_40-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Tertrais2-40"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>40<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, qui prévoit l’octroi par les Soviétiques de prêts à la Chine au taux de 1 %<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-41"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>41<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/F%C3%A9vrier_1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Février 1950">Février</a> : nouvelle stratégie des communistes en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Birmanie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Birmanie">Birmanie</a>. Un Front démocratique populaire s’établit à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prome?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prome">Prome</a> dans le but de rassembler les opposants<sup id="cite_ref-Dassé_42-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Dass%C3%A9-42"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>42<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/8_avril?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="8 avril">8 avril</a> : début d’une série d’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Attentats_de_Bagdad_de_1950-1951?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Attentats de Bagdad de 1950-1951">attentats à la bombe à Bagdad</a> qui visent la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Histoire_des_Juifs_en_Irak?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Histoire des Juifs en Irak">communauté juive d’Irak</a> (fin en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Juin_1951?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Juin 1951">juin 1951</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-43"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>43<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/24_avril?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="24 avril">24 avril</a> : le roi <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Abdallah_Ier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abdallah Ier">Abdallah <abbr class="abbr" title="premier">I<sup>er</sup></abbr></a> annonce l’annexion de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cisjordanie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cisjordanie">Cisjordanie</a>, c’est-à-dire les districts arabes situés à l’Ouest du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jourdain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jourdain">Jourdain</a> et de la vieille ville de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/J%C3%A9rusalem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jérusalem">Jérusalem</a>. La <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89mirat_de_Transjordanie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Émirat de Transjordanie">Transjordanie</a> devient la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jordanie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jordanie">Jordanie</a><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-44"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>44<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. <ul> <li>La <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cisjordanie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cisjordanie">Cisjordanie</a> connaît un niveau de développement plus avancé que celui de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89mirat_de_Transjordanie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Émirat de Transjordanie">Transjordanie</a>. L’afflux de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9fugi%C3%A9s_palestiniens?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Réfugiés palestiniens">réfugiés palestiniens</a> dans les agglomérations de Transjordanie modifie la donne politique. Ces derniers, plus éduqués, sont sensibles aux idées radicales tels le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marxisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marxisme">marxisme</a> et le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nationalisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nationalisme">nationalisme</a>. Les transjordaniens sont plus conservateurs, et le roi <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hussein_(roi_de_Jordanie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hussein (roi de Jordanie)">Hussein</a> s’appuie essentiellement sur eux. Il s’appuie en revanche sur les palestiniens pour le développement économique et militaire du pays.</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/26_avril?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="26 avril">26 avril</a> : au Parlement australien, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Robert_Menzies?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Robert Menzies">Robert Menzies</a><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-45"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>45<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> dépose un projet de loi visant la suppression du Parti communiste ainsi que l’interdiction aux communistes d’occuper certaines fonctions (ce projet sera voté en mai).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1er_mai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1er mai"><abbr class="abbr" title="Premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> mai</a> : promulgation de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Loi_sur_le_mariage_en_Chine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Loi sur le mariage en Chine">loi sur le mariage</a> en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_populaire_de_Chine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="République populaire de Chine">république populaire de Chine</a> ; proclamation de l’égalité des sexes<sup id="cite_ref-Blayo_46-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Blayo-46"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>46<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/5_mai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="5 mai">5 mai</a> : Bhumibol Adulyadej est couronné roi de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tha%C3%AFlande?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thaïlande">Thaïlande</a> sous le nom de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rama_IX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rama IX">Rama IX</a><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-47"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>47<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Sans pouvoir réel, il est contraint d’accepter une situation d’agitation politique et une succession de coups d’État militaires. Il reste un symbole d’unité et de stabilité nationales.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19_mai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="19 mai">19 mai</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conflit_arm%C3%A9_birman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conflit armé birman">conflit armé birman</a> : l’armée gouvernementale investit <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prome?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prome">Prome</a> et chasse le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parti_communiste_de_Birmanie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parti communiste de Birmanie">Drapeau blanc birman</a> qui se réfugie dans la région de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C3%A9gou?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pégou">Pégou</a><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-48"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>48<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dassé_42-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Dass%C3%A9-42"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>42<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/25_mai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="25 mai">25 mai</a> : <ul> <li>les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="États-Unis">États-Unis</a>, la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">France</a> et le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume-Uni?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume-Uni">Royaume-Uni</a> signent une convention tripartite dans laquelle ils s’engagent à garantir les limites territoriales issues de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guerre_isra%C3%A9lo-arabe_de_1948-1949?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guerre israélo-arabe de 1948-1949">guerre israélo-arabe</a><sup id="cite_ref-Baron_49-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Baron-49"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>49<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>une <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_des_Moluques_du_Sud?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="République des Moluques du Sud">république des Moluques méridionales</a> est proclamée à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amboine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Amboine">Amboine</a>. Après l’échec des négociations, le gouvernement républicain brise l’insurrection en novembre<sup id="cite_ref-Sevin_33-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Sevin-33"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>33<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/30_mai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="30 mai">30 mai</a> : loi sur la protection du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patrimoine_culturel_du_Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Patrimoine culturel du Japon">patrimoine culturel</a> (<i>bunkazai hogohō</i>) au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Japon">Japon</a><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-50"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>50<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Création de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Agence_pour_les_Affaires_culturelles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Agence pour les Affaires culturelles">commission pour la protection des biens culturels</a>.</li> </ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Nilgiris_from_way_to_french_col.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Nilgiris_from_way_to_french_col.jpg/220px-Nilgiris_from_way_to_french_col.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Nilgiris_from_way_to_french_col.jpg/220px-Nilgiris_from_way_to_french_col.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Nilgiris_from_way_to_french_col.jpg/330px-Nilgiris_from_way_to_french_col.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Nilgiris_from_way_to_french_col.jpg/440px-Nilgiris_from_way_to_french_col.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/3_juin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="3 juin">3 juin</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9dition_fran%C3%A7aise_%C3%A0_l%27Annapurna_de_1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Expédition française à l'Annapurna de 1950">ascension de l’Annapurna</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/3_juin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="3 juin">3 juin</a> : les alpinistes français <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maurice_Herzog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maurice Herzog">Maurice Herzog</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Louis_Lachenal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Louis Lachenal">Louis Lachenal</a>, soutenus par leur équipe, réussissent l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9dition_fran%C3%A7aise_%C3%A0_l%27Annapurna_de_1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Expédition française à l'Annapurna de 1950">ascension de l’Annapurna</a>, au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/N%C3%A9pal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Népal">Népal</a>. La nouvelle est annoncée à la une du journal <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Le_Figaro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Le Figaro">Le Figaro</a></i>, le <time class="nowrap" datetime="06-26" data-sort-value="06-26">26 juin</time><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-51"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>51<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/26_juin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="26 juin">26 juin</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Harry_S._Truman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> empêche l’invasion de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Ele_de_Ta%C3%AFwan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Île de Taïwan">Formose</a> en interposant entre <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D%C3%A9troit_de_Ta%C3%AFwan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Détroit de Taïwan">elle et le continent</a> la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Septi%C3%A8me_flotte_des_%C3%89tats-Unis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Septième flotte des États-Unis"><abbr class="abbr" title="Septième">VII<sup>e</sup></abbr> flotte américaine</a><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-52"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>52<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Dans une déclaration le lendemain, il annonce sa décision d'intervenir en Corée, de neutraliser le détroit de Taïwan, de renforcer le potentiel américain aux Philippines et d'accélérer l'aide en armements aux forces françaises en Indochine<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-53"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>53<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/28_juin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="28 juin">28 juin</a> : loi de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9forme_agraire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Réforme agraire">réforme agraire</a> en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_populaire_de_Chine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="République populaire de Chine">Chine</a><sup id="cite_ref-Blayo_46-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Blayo-46"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>46<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Collectivisation forcée des terres qui provoque une <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Famines_en_Chine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Famines en Chine">famine</a> faisant de 2 à 5 millions de morts.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/29_juin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="29 juin">29 juin</a>-<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/27_novembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="27 novembre">27 novembre</a> : conférence inter-États de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pau?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pau">Pau</a><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-54"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>54<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, qui réorganise les relations entre la France et les États associés en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indochine_fran%C3%A7aise?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indochine française">Indochine</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/15_ao%C3%BBt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="15 août">15 août</a> : <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Soekarno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Soekarno">Soekarno</a>, face aux tentatives sécessionnistes appuyées par les Néerlandais à l’ouest de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Java_(%C3%AEle)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Java (île)">Java</a> et à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aceh?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aceh">Aceh</a>, à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sulawesi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulawesi">Célèbes</a> et dans les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moluques?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moluques">Moluques</a>, rétablit un État unitaire en Indonésie<sup id="cite_ref-Sevin_33-2" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Sevin-33"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>33<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%A9isme_de_1950_en_Assam_et_au_Tibet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Séisme de 1950 en Assam et au Tibet">séisme</a> de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Magnitude_d%27un_s%C3%A9isme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnitude d'un séisme">magnitude</a> 8,7 fait 1 530 victimes en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Assam?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Assam">Assam</a> en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inde?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inde">Inde</a><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-55"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>55<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> et 3 300 au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tibet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tibet">Tibet</a><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-56"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>56<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/16_septembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="16 septembre">16 septembre</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guerre_d%27Indochine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guerre d'Indochine">guerre d'Indochine</a> : offensive de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/V%C3%B5_Nguy%C3%AAn_Gi%C3%A1p?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Võ Nguyên Giáp">Giap</a> sur la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_de_la_RC_4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bataille de la RC 4">RC4</a><sup id="cite_ref-Vaïsse_57-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Va%C3%AFsse-57"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>57<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Prise de Dong Khê.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/17_septembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="17 septembre">17 septembre</a> : installation d’un <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Military_Assistance_Advisory_Group&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Military Assistance Advisory Group (page inexistante)">Military Assistance Advisory Group</a> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_Assistance_Advisory_Group" class="extiw" title="en:Military Assistance Advisory Group"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Military Assistance Advisory Group »">(en)</span></a></i> (MAAG) par les États-Unis à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/H%C3%B4_Chi_Minh-Ville?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hô Chi Minh-Ville">Saïgon</a><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-58"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>58<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Il fournit au corps expéditionnaire français pour plusieurs centaines de millions de dollars de matériel militaire gratuit prélevé sur les surplus du Pacifique.</li> </ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Batalla_de_Cao_Bang.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Batalla_de_Cao_Bang.jpg/220px-Batalla_de_Cao_Bang.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="199" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="924"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 199px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Batalla_de_Cao_Bang.jpg/220px-Batalla_de_Cao_Bang.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="199" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Batalla_de_Cao_Bang.jpg/330px-Batalla_de_Cao_Bang.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Batalla_de_Cao_Bang.jpg/440px-Batalla_de_Cao_Bang.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/6_octobre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="6 octobre">6</a>-<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/7_octobre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="7 octobre">7 octobre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_de_la_RC_4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bataille de la RC 4">désastre de Cao Bang</a><sup id="cite_ref-Vaïsse_57-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Va%C3%AFsse-57"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>57<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </figcaption> </figure> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/3_octobre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="3 octobre">3</a>-<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/8_octobre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="8 octobre">8 octobre</a> : première grande défaite militaire française de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guerre_d%27Indochine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guerre d'Indochine">guerre d'Indochine</a> à la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_de_la_RC_4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bataille de la RC 4">bataille de la RC 4</a> entre <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Province_de_Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Province de Cao Bằng">Cao Bang</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%E1%BA%A1ng_S%C6%A1n?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lạng Sơn">Lang Son</a><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-59"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>59<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Les troupes françaises évacuent le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tonkin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tonkin">Haut-Tonkin</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/6_octobre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="6 octobre">6 octobre</a> : début de l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Intervention_militaire_chinoise_au_Tibet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Intervention militaire chinoise au Tibet">intervention militaire chinoise au Tibet</a>. Les troupes chinoises venues du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yunnan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a> traversent sans déclaration de guerre la frontière naturelle du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yangts%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yangtsé">Yangtsé</a> avec le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tibet_(1912-1951)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tibet (1912-1951)">Tibet</a><sup id="cite_ref-Levenson_60-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Levenson-60"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>60<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Une autre armée venu du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Xinjiang?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a> arrive au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9fecture_de_Ngari?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Préfecture de Ngari">Ngari</a>, une troisième envahi l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amdo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Amdo">Amdo</a>. Malgré une <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_de_Markham_Gartok?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bataille de Markham Gartok">forte résistance des Tibétains</a> le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/7_octobre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="7 octobre">7 octobre</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chamdo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chamdo">Chamdo</a>, la capitale du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kham?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kham">Kham</a>, est prise le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/17_octobre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="17 octobre">17</a><sup id="cite_ref-Blondeau_61-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Blondeau-61"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>61<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Selon les autorités chinoises, l’entourage du jeune <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Panchen-lama?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Panchen-lama">panchen-lama</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Choekyi_Gyaltsen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Choekyi Gyaltsen">Choekyi Gyaltsen</a> aurait envoyé le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/31_janvier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="31 janvier">31 janvier</a> un télégramme réclamant l’intervention de l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arm%C3%A9e_populaire_de_lib%C3%A9ration?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Armée populaire de libération">Armée populaire de libération</a><sup id="cite_ref-Levenson_60-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Levenson-60"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>60<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/25_octobre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="25 octobre">25 octobre</a> le gouvernement Chinois annonce la <i>libération</i> du Tibet. Ni le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume-Uni?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume-Uni">Royaume-Uni</a> ni l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inde?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inde">Inde</a> n’offrent leur aide<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-62"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>62<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/7_octobre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="7 octobre">7 octobre</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inde?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inde">Inde</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%A8re_Teresa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mère Teresa">Mère Teresa</a> fonde à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calcutta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calcutta">Calcutta</a> l’ordre des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Missionnaires_de_la_Charit%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Missionnaires de la Charité">missionnaires de la Charité</a><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-63"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>63<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/6_novembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="6 novembre">6 novembre</a> : se sentant menacé par le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_des_Premiers_ministres_du_N%C3%A9pal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liste des Premiers ministres du Népal">Premier ministre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Mohan_Shumsher_Jang_Bahadur_Rana&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Mohan Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana (page inexistante)">Maharaja Mohan Shumsher Rana</a> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohan_Shumsher_Jang_Bahadur_Rana" class="extiw" title="en:Mohan Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Mohan Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana »">(en)</span></a>, le roi du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/N%C3%A9pal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Népal">Népal</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tribhuvan_Shah?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tribhuvan Shah">Tribhuvana Bir Bikram</a> se réfugie à l’ambassade de l’Inde à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katmandou?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Katmandou">Katmandou</a> puis gagne <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Delhi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Delhi">Delhi</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/11_novembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="11 novembre">11 novembre</a>), d’où il fomente une révolte contre les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A2n%C3%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rânâ">Rânâ</a>, avec le soutien du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Congr%C3%A8s_n%C3%A9palais?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Congrès népalais">PCN</a> et l’appui du Premier ministre indien, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-64"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>64<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/7_novembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="7 novembre">7 novembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Appel_du_Tibet_aux_Nations_unies?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Appel du Tibet aux Nations unies">appel du Tibet aux Nations unies</a> ; le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Salvador?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Salvador">Salvador</a> porte le cas du Tibet devant l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Organisation_des_Nations_unies?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Organisation des Nations unies">ONU</a>, mais le débat est ajourné<sup id="cite_ref-Levenson_60-2" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Levenson-60"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>60<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/17_novembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="17 novembre">17 novembre</a> : le quatorzième <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dala%C3%AF-lama?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dalaï-lama">dalaï-lama</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tenzin_Gyatso?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tenzin Gyatso">Tenzin Gyatso</a> assume le pouvoir politique au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tibet_(1912-1951)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tibet (1912-1951)">Tibet</a><sup id="cite_ref-Levenson_60-3" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Levenson-60"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>60<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Novembre_1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Novembre 1950">Novembre</a> : 1 000 « volontaires » chinois de l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arm%C3%A9e_populaire_de_lib%C3%A9ration?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Armée populaire de libération">Armée populaire de libération</a> (APL) entrent en Birmanie pour aider les communistes birmans<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-65"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>65<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, et dès décembre, le <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parti_communiste_de_Birmanie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parti communiste de Birmanie">Drapeau Blanc</a></i>, replié à Katha (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tat_kachin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="État kachin">Kachin</a>), se lance dans la conquête de la plaine centrale<sup id="cite_ref-Dassé_42-2" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Dass%C3%A9-42"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>42<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Au cours des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Années 1950">années 1950</a>, une révolte des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Karens?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Karens">Karens</a> est écartée et les insurgés communistes sont forcés de se retirer dans les collines. La Birmanie met en place une politique étrangère rigoureusement non-alignée. Le pays connaît par la suite une période de relative prospérité économique. La domination de l’AFPFL (<i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligue_anti-fasciste_pour_la_libert%C3%A9_du_peuple?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligue anti-fasciste pour la liberté du peuple">Anti-Fascist People’s Freedom League</a></i>) est renforcée lors des élections nationales de 1951-1952 et de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1956?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1956">1956</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2_d%C3%A9cembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2 décembre">2 décembre</a> : l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ol%C3%A9oduc_trans-arabe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Oléoduc trans-arabe">oléoduc trans-arabe</a>, le plus long du monde (plus de 1 700 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr>) qui relie le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Golfe_Persique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Golfe Persique">golfe Persique</a> à la ville de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sidon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sidon">Sidon</a> sur la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%A9diterran%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Méditerranée">Méditerranée</a>, est opérationnel<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-66"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>66<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/5_d%C3%A9cembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="5 décembre">5 décembre</a> : traité entre l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inde?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inde">Inde</a> et le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sikkim?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sikkim">Sikkim</a>, qui obtient une totale autonomie interne<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-67"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>67<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/6_d%C3%A9cembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="6 décembre">6 décembre</a> : le général <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jean_de_Lattre_de_Tassigny?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jean de Lattre de Tassigny">de Lattre de Tassigny</a> est nommé Haut-Commissaire en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indochine_fran%C3%A7aise?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indochine française">Indochine</a><sup id="cite_ref-Vaïsse_57-2" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Va%C3%AFsse-57"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>57<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Corée"><span id="Cor.C3.A9e"></span>Corée</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Corée" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Article détaillé : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guerre_de_Cor%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guerre de Corée">Guerre de Corée</a>. </div> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/25_juin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="25 juin">25 juin</a> : six divisions <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cor%C3%A9e_du_Nord?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Corée du Nord">nord-coréenne</a> entrent en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cor%C3%A9e_du_Sud?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Corée du Sud">Corée du Sud</a> en franchissant du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/38e_parall%C3%A8le_nord?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="38e parallèle nord"><abbr class="abbr" title="Trente-huitième">38<sup>e</sup></abbr> parallèle</a><sup id="cite_ref-Fehrenbach_68-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Fehrenbach-68"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>68<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. C’est le début de la <b><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guerre_de_Cor%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guerre de Corée">guerre de Corée</a></b> (fin du conflit en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1953?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1953">1953</a>). Dans la nuit du 25 au <time class="nowrap" datetime="06-26" data-sort-value="06-26">26 juin</time>, le premier combat naval de la guerre a lieu <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Combat_au_large_de_Pusan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Combat au large de Pusan">au large de Pusan</a><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-69"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>69<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/27_juin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="27 juin">27 juin</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9solution_du_Conseil_de_s%C3%A9curit%C3%A9_des_Nations_unies?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Résolution du Conseil de sécurité des Nations unies">résolutions</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9solution_83_du_Conseil_de_s%C3%A9curit%C3%A9_des_Nations_unies?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Résolution 83 du Conseil de sécurité des Nations unies">83</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9solution_84_du_Conseil_de_s%C3%A9curit%C3%A9_des_Nations_unies?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Résolution 84 du Conseil de sécurité des Nations unies">84</a> du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conseil_de_s%C3%A9curit%C3%A9_des_Nations_unies?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conseil de sécurité des Nations unies">conseil de sécurité</a> condamnant l’agression nord-coréenne, prise en l’absence de l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Union_des_r%C3%A9publiques_socialistes_sovi%C3%A9tiques?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques">Union soviétique</a><sup id="cite_ref-Fehrenbach_68-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Fehrenbach-68"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>68<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Prisoners_on_ground_before_execution,Taejon,_South_Korea.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Prisoners_on_ground_before_execution%2CTaejon%2C_South_Korea.jpg/220px-Prisoners_on_ground_before_execution%2CTaejon%2C_South_Korea.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="370"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 159px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Prisoners_on_ground_before_execution%2CTaejon%2C_South_Korea.jpg/220px-Prisoners_on_ground_before_execution%2CTaejon%2C_South_Korea.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="159" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Prisoners_on_ground_before_execution%2CTaejon%2C_South_Korea.jpg/330px-Prisoners_on_ground_before_execution%2CTaejon%2C_South_Korea.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Prisoners_on_ground_before_execution%2CTaejon%2C_South_Korea.jpg/440px-Prisoners_on_ground_before_execution%2CTaejon%2C_South_Korea.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Juillet : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Massacre_de_la_ligue_Bodo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Massacre de la ligue Bodo">massacre de la ligue Bodo</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/28_juin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="28 juin">28 juin</a> : <ul> <li>les Nord-Coréens s’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_de_S%C3%A9oul?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bataille de Séoul">emparent de Séoul</a><sup id="cite_ref-Fehrenbach_68-2" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Fehrenbach-68"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>68<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>début du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Massacre_de_la_ligue_Bodo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Massacre de la ligue Bodo">massacre de la ligue Bodo</a> ; au moins 100 000 communistes et leurs possibles sympathisants sont exécutées en Corée du sud<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-70"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>70<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/30_juin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="30 juin">30 juin</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Harry_S._Truman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a>, avec l’aval du Conseil de Sécurité, donne l’ordre à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Douglas_MacArthur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Douglas MacArthur">MacArthur</a> alors au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Japon">Japon</a> d’intervenir en Corée (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/8e_arm%C3%A9e_(%C3%89tats-Unis)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="8e armée (États-Unis)"><abbr class="abbr" title="Huitième">VIII<sup>e</sup></abbr> armée</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Fehrenbach_68-3" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Fehrenbach-68"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>68<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2_juillet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2 juillet">2 juillet</a> : le croiseur américain USS Juneau coule trois torpilleurs nord-coréens <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_de_Chumunjin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bataille de Chumunjin">au large de Chumunjim</a>, seule bataille navale de la guerre<sup id="cite_ref-Edwards_71-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Edwards-71"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>71<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/5_juillet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="5 juillet">5 juillet</a> : premier combat terrestre entre les troupes américaines et les Nord-coréens à la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_d%27Osan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bataille d'Osan">bataille d’Osan</a>. Jusqu’au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/4_ao%C3%BBt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="4 août">4 août</a>, l’armée de l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Organisation_des_Nations_unies?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Organisation des Nations unies">ONU</a> est contrainte à la retraite<sup id="cite_ref-Fehrenbach_68-4" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Fehrenbach-68"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>68<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/7_juillet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="7 juillet">7 juillet</a> : constitution d’un corps expéditionnaire formé par quinze nations sous le pavillon de l’ONU et le commandement de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Douglas_MacArthur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Douglas MacArthur">MacArthur</a><sup id="cite_ref-Edwards_71-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Edwards-71"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>71<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/5_ao%C3%BBt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="5 août">5 août</a> : les forces de l’ONU, confinées dans le « <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_du_p%C3%A9rim%C3%A8tre_de_Busan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bataille du périmètre de Busan">périmètre de Busan</a> », résistent aux <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grande_offensive_du_Nakdong?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grande offensive du Nakdong">assauts nord-coréens</a><sup id="cite_ref-Tucker_72-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Tucker-72"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>72<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/5_ao%C3%BBt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="5 août">5</a>-<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19_ao%C3%BBt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="19 août">19 août</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Premi%C3%A8re_bataille_du_Nakdong?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Première bataille du Nakdong">première bataille du Nakdong</a><sup id="cite_ref-Fehrenbach_68-5" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Fehrenbach-68"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>68<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/27_ao%C3%BBt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="27 août">27 août</a>-<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/15_septembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="15 septembre">15 septembre</a> : série de violents combats autour du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_du_p%C3%A9rim%C3%A8tre_de_Busan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bataille du périmètre de Busan">périmètre de Busan</a><sup id="cite_ref-Fehrenbach_68-6" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Fehrenbach-68"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>68<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1er_septembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1er septembre">1<sup>er</sup></a>-<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/5_septembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="5 septembre">5 septembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Seconde_bataille_du_Nakdong?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Seconde bataille du Nakdong">seconde bataille du Nakdong</a><sup id="cite_ref-Fehrenbach_68-7" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Fehrenbach-68"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>68<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Lopez_scaling_seawall.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Lopez_scaling_seawall.jpg/170px-Lopez_scaling_seawall.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="213" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4614" data-file-height="5778"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 213px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Lopez_scaling_seawall.jpg/170px-Lopez_scaling_seawall.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="213" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Lopez_scaling_seawall.jpg/255px-Lopez_scaling_seawall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Lopez_scaling_seawall.jpg/340px-Lopez_scaling_seawall.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/15_septembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="15 septembre">15 septembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_d%27Incheon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bataille d'Incheon">débarquement des troupes des Nations unies à Inchon</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/15_septembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="15 septembre">15 septembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_d%27Incheon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bataille d'Incheon">débarquement des troupes des Nations unies (corps américain) à Inchon</a> (70 000 hommes). <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_du_p%C3%A9rim%C3%A8tre_de_Busan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bataille du périmètre de Busan">Contre-offensive de MacArthur</a>, depuis <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pusan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pusan">Pusan</a> qui permet la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_de_S%C3%A9oul?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bataille de Séoul">reprise de Séoul</a> le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/29_septembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="29 septembre">29 septembre</a> et qui reconquiert la Corée du Sud<sup id="cite_ref-Tucker_72-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Tucker-72"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>72<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/7_octobre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="7 octobre">7 octobre</a> : les forces de l’ONU franchissent le <abbr class="abbr" title="Trente-huitième">38<sup>e</sup></abbr> parallèle et entrent en Corée du Nord<sup id="cite_ref-Tucker_72-2" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Tucker-72"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>72<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/12_octobre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="12 octobre">12 octobre</a> : premiers contingents de « volontaires » chinois en Corée<sup id="cite_ref-Fehrenbach_68-8" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Fehrenbach-68"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>68<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19_octobre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="19 octobre">19 octobre</a> : les forces de l’ONU prennent <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pyongyang?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pyongyang">Pyongyang</a>, capitale de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cor%C3%A9e_du_Nord?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Corée du Nord">Corée du Nord</a><sup id="cite_ref-Fehrenbach_68-9" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Fehrenbach-68"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>68<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/25_octobre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="25 octobre">25 octobre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_d%27Onjong?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bataille d'Onjong">bataille d’Onjong</a>, premier affrontement entre la Chine et les forces de l’ONU<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-73"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>73<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/24_novembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="24 novembre">24 novembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Douglas_MacArthur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Douglas MacArthur">MacArthur</a> lance une « offensive finale » sur le fleuve <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yalou?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Yalou">Yalou</a>, avance maximale des troupes de l’ONU en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cor%C3%A9e_du_Nord?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Corée du Nord">Corée du Nord</a><sup id="cite_ref-Souty_74-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Souty-74"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>74<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Crossing_the_38th_parallel._United_Nations_forces_withdraw_from_Pyongyang,_the_North_Korean_capital._They_recrossed..._-_NARA_-_541822.tif?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Crossing_the_38th_parallel._United_Nations_forces_withdraw_from_Pyongyang%2C_the_North_Korean_capital._They_recrossed..._-_NARA_-_541822.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Crossing_the_38th_parallel._United_Nations_forces_withdraw_from_Pyongyang%2C_the_North_Korean_capital._They_recrossed..._-_NARA_-_541822.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2365"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 173px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Crossing_the_38th_parallel._United_Nations_forces_withdraw_from_Pyongyang%2C_the_North_Korean_capital._They_recrossed..._-_NARA_-_541822.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Crossing_the_38th_parallel._United_Nations_forces_withdraw_from_Pyongyang%2C_the_North_Korean_capital._They_recrossed..._-_NARA_-_541822.tif.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="173" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Crossing_the_38th_parallel._United_Nations_forces_withdraw_from_Pyongyang%2C_the_North_Korean_capital._They_recrossed..._-_NARA_-_541822.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Crossing_the_38th_parallel._United_Nations_forces_withdraw_from_Pyongyang%2C_the_North_Korean_capital._They_recrossed..._-_NARA_-_541822.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Crossing_the_38th_parallel._United_Nations_forces_withdraw_from_Pyongyang%2C_the_North_Korean_capital._They_recrossed..._-_NARA_-_541822.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Crossing_the_38th_parallel._United_Nations_forces_withdraw_from_Pyongyang%2C_the_North_Korean_capital._They_recrossed..._-_NARA_-_541822.tif.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Les forces des Nations unies, chassées de Pyongyang, traversent le <abbr class="abbr" title="Trente-huitième">38<sup>e</sup></abbr> parallèle. </figcaption> </figure> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/27_novembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="27 novembre">27 novembre</a> : offensive chinoise contre les forces des Nations-Unies<sup id="cite_ref-Souty_74-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Souty-74"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>74<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> La Chine lance dans la bataille de Corée 54 divisions. Au bord du fleuve <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yalou?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Yalou">Yalou</a>, 33 divisions chinoises du général <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lin_Biao?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lin Biao">Lin Biao</a> rejettent les forces de l’ONU au Sud du <abbr class="abbr" title="Trente-huitième">38<sup>e</sup></abbr> parallèle (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_du_Chongchon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bataille du Chongchon">bataille du Chongchon</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_de_Wawon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bataille de Wawon">bataille de Wawon</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_du_r%C3%A9servoir_de_Chosin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bataille du réservoir de Chosin">bataille du réservoir de Chosin</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Edwards2_75-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Edwards2-75"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>75<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/4_d%C3%A9cembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="4 décembre">4 décembre</a> : les communistes occupent à nouveau <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pyongyang?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pyongyang">Pyongyang</a>. L’administration Truman refuse d’attaquer la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_populaire_de_Chine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="République populaire de Chine">Chine</a><sup id="cite_ref-Edwards2_75-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Edwards2-75"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>75<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/25_d%C3%A9cembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="25 décembre">25 décembre</a> : les forces chinoises passent le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/38e_parall%C3%A8le_nord?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="38e parallèle nord"><abbr class="abbr" title="Trente-huitième">38<sup>e</sup></abbr> parallèle</a>.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Europe" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Europe_de_l’Est"><span id="Europe_de_l.E2.80.99Est"></span>Europe de l’Est</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Europe de l’Est" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/4_avril?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="4 avril">4 avril</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Attentat_de_l%E2%80%99%C3%A9cole_n%C2%B0_20_de_G%C3%AEsca?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Attentat de l’école n° 20 de Gîsca">Attentat de l’école n° 20 de Gîsca</a>, tôt le matin, un enseignant de l'école, Vladimir Georguievitch Tatarnikov fait exploser une bombe artisanale dans une salle de classe causant la mort de 24 personnes au total, dont 21 écoliers, une enseignante, le directeur de l'établissement et l'auteur lui-même<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-76"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>76<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/24_avril?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="24 avril">24 avril</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_populaire_de_Hongrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="République populaire de Hongrie">Hongrie</a> : le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_des_chefs_d%27%C3%89tat_de_la_Hongrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liste des chefs d'État de la Hongrie">chef de l’État</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%81rp%C3%A1d_Szakasits?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Árpád Szakasits">Árpád Szakasits</a>, est arrêté à l’instigation du Secrétaire général du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parti_des_travailleurs_hongrois?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Parti des travailleurs hongrois">Parti des travailleurs hongrois</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%A1ty%C3%A1s_R%C3%A1kosi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mátyás Rákosi">Mátyás Rákosi</a> et doit démissionner<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-77"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>77<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. De nombreux dirigeants du parti, ex-socialistes tels que <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/J%C3%A1nos_K%C3%A1d%C3%A1r?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="János Kádár">János Kádár</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gyula_K%C3%A1llai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gyula Kállai">Gyula Kállai</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Gy%C3%B6rgy_Maros%C3%A1n&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="György Marosán (page inexistante)">György Marosán</a> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maros%25C3%25A1n_Gy%25C3%25B6rgy" class="extiw" title="hu:Marosán György"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en hongrois : « Marosán György »">(hu)</span></a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A1ndor_Z%C3%B6ld&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Sándor Zöld (page inexistante)">Sándor Zöld</a> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%25C3%25A1ndor_Z%25C3%25B6ld" class="extiw" title="en:Sándor Zöld"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Sándor Zöld »">(en)</span></a>, suspectés de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Titisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Titisme">titisme</a> sont également arrêtés. L’épuration touche aussi les anciennes classes moyennes : du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/21_mai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="21 mai">21 mai</a> au <time class="nowrap" datetime="1951-06-15" data-sort-value="1951-06-15">15 juin 1951</time>, environ 65 000 « indésirables » sont éloignés de Budapest et internés dans des camps de travail agricole dans l’est du pays<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-78"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>78<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/6_juin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="6 juin">6 juin</a>-<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/12_juillet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="12 juillet">12 juillet</a> : un grand nombre de monastères hongrois sont pris d’assaut par la police ; 3 820 moines et nonnes sont déportés ; certains d’entre eux sont emprisonnés, et selon Steven Polgar, torturés<sup id="cite_ref-Ramet_79-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ramet-79"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>79<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/8_juin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="8 juin">8 juin</a> : loi instaurant un nouveau Code du travail en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_socialiste_de_Roumanie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="République socialiste de Roumanie">République populaire roumaine</a><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-80"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>80<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Il interdit la grève et prévoit des mesures de contrainte dans l’accomplissement des tâches<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-81"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>81<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/27_juin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="27 juin">27 juin</a> : exécution de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Milada_Hor%C3%A1kov%C3%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Milada Horáková">Milada Horáková</a><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-82"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>82<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/30_juin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="30 juin">30 juin</a> : les facultés de théologie sont séparées des universités en Hongrie<sup id="cite_ref-Ramet_79-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ramet-79"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>79<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:BM_OderNeisse.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/BM_OderNeisse.jpg/220px-BM_OderNeisse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="403" data-file-height="323"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 176px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/BM_OderNeisse.jpg/220px-BM_OderNeisse.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="176" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/BM_OderNeisse.jpg/330px-BM_OderNeisse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/BM_OderNeisse.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Timbre de la RDA commémorant les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trait%C3%A9_de_Zgorzelec?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Traité de Zgorzelec">accords de Görlitz</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2_juillet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2 juillet">2 juillet</a> : loi instituant l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Autogestion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Autogestion">autogestion</a> des entreprises par les travailleurs en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_f%C3%A9d%C3%A9rative_socialiste_de_Yougoslavie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="République fédérative socialiste de Yougoslavie">Yougoslavie</a><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-83"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>83<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/6_juillet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="6 juillet">6 juillet</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trait%C3%A9_de_Zgorzelec?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Traité de Zgorzelec">accords de Görlitz</a> entre la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_d%C3%A9mocratique_allemande?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="République démocratique allemande">République démocratique allemande</a> et la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_populaire_de_Pologne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="République populaire de Pologne">république populaire de Pologne</a><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-84"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>84<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/21_juillet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="21 juillet">21 juillet</a> : la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Di%C3%A8te_de_la_R%C3%A9publique_de_Pologne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Diète de la République de Pologne">diète polonaise</a> adopte le « plan sexennal d’essor économique et de construction des bases du socialisme en Pologne » (1950-1955). Les dirigeants communistes polonais développent des objectifs industriels et économiques en accord avec le système économique et social de l’URSS (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/CAEM?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="CAEM">CAEM</a>). La priorité est donnée à l’industrie lourde<sup id="cite_ref-Buhler_85-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Buhler-85"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>85<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. En revanche, les tentatives de collectivisation de l’agriculture confiées au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parti_paysan_unifi%C3%A9_(Pologne)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parti paysan unifié (Pologne)">ZSL</a> échouent et sont finalement abandonnées le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1956-10-20" data-sort-value="1956-10-20">20 octobre 1956</time><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-86"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>86<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/23_juillet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="23 juillet">23 juillet</a> : en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_d%C3%A9mocratique_allemande?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="République démocratique allemande">RDA</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Walter_Ulbricht?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Walter Ulbricht">Walter Ulbricht</a> est élu secrétaire général du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parti_socialiste_unifi%C3%A9_d%27Allemagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parti socialiste unifié d'Allemagne">SED</a><sup id="cite_ref-Vaïsse2_87-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Va%C3%AFsse2-87"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>87<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/10_ao%C3%BBt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="10 août">10 août</a> : le gouvernement de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_populaire_de_Bulgarie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="République populaire de Bulgarie">république populaire de Bulgarie</a> autorise 250 000 Turcs vivant en Bulgarie à émigrer vers la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Turquie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Turquie">Turquie</a><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-88"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>88<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Entre <time class="nowrap" datetime="1950-01" data-sort-value="1950-01">janvier 1950</time> et <time class="nowrap" datetime="1951-11" data-sort-value="1951-11">novembre 1951</time>, 154 385 Turcs passent la frontière<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-89"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>89<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. La Bulgarie compte alors 1 199 écoles turques accueillant près de 105 376 élèves<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-90"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>90<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/28_septembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="28 septembre">28 septembre</a> : la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_d%C3%A9mocratique_allemande?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="République démocratique allemande">République démocratique allemande</a> (RDA) rejoint le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/CAEM?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="CAEM">CAEM</a><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-91"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>91<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/15_octobre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="15 octobre">15 octobre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89lections_l%C3%A9gislatives_est-allemandes_de_1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Élections législatives est-allemandes de 1950">élections législatives est-allemandes</a><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-92"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>92<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Europe_de_l’Ouest"><span id="Europe_de_l.E2.80.99Ouest"></span>Europe de l’Ouest</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Europe de l’Ouest" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Articles détaillés : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_en_Belgique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 en Belgique">1950 en Belgique</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_en_France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 en France">1950 en France</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_en_Italie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 en Italie">1950 en Italie</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_en_Suisse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 en Suisse">1950 en Suisse</a>. </div> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/15_janvier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="15 janvier">15</a>-<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/22_janvier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="22 janvier">22 janvier</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rendum_de_1950_%C3%A0_Chypre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Référendum de 1950 à Chypre">référendum non officiel à Chypre</a> favorable au rattachement à la Grèce (« <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89nosis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Énosis">Énosis</a> »)<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-93"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>93<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/23_f%C3%A9vrier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="23 février">23 février</a> : au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume-Uni?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume-Uni">Royaume-Uni</a>, les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parti_travailliste_(Royaume-Uni)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parti travailliste (Royaume-Uni)">travaillistes</a> obtiennent une majorité réduite aux <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89lections_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rales_britanniques_de_1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Élections générales britanniques de 1950">élections</a>, mais peuvent rester au pouvoir<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-94"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>94<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/3_mars?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="3 mars">3 mars</a> : signature des conventions franco-sarroises, une série d’accords en faveur d’une autonomie accrue de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sarre_(protectorat)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sarre (protectorat)">Sarre</a>, occupée depuis <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1947?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1947">1947</a> par la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">France</a><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-95"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>95<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/9_mars?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="9 mars">9 mars</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume-Uni?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume-Uni">Royaume-Uni</a> : exécution de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Timothy_Evans?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Timothy Evans">Timothy Evans</a>, condamné pour le meurtre de sa famille. Trois ans plus tard, il est réhabilité après les aveux d’un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Christie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Christie">voisin</a><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-96"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>96<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. L’affaire débouche sur une proposition d’abolition de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peine_de_mort_au_Royaume-Uni?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Peine de mort au Royaume-Uni">peine de mort</a>, repoussée en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1954?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1954">1954</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/12_mars?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="12 mars">12 mars</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Consultation_populaire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Consultation populaire">consultation populaire</a> en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Belgique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Belgique">Belgique</a> (référendum consultatif), indiquant à une faible majorité (57,68 %), acquise seulement en Flandre (72,3 %), un appui de l’opinion à la reprise de ses prérogatives par le roi des Belges <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9opold_III_de_Belgique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Léopold III de Belgique">Léopold III</a> dont le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Question_royale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Question royale">rôle dans la Deuxième Guerre mondiale était contesté</a>. Le non l’emporte à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bruxelles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bruxelles">Bruxelles</a> (52 %) et en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wallonie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wallonie">Wallonie</a> (58 %)<sup id="cite_ref-Bitsch_97-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bitsch-97"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>97<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19_mars?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="19 mars">19 mars</a> : <b><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Appel_de_Stockholm?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Appel de Stockholm">appel de Stockholm</a></b> du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mouvement_mondial_des_partisans_de_la_paix?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mouvement mondial des partisans de la paix">Mouvement mondial des partisans de la paix</a> pour l’interdiction absolue de l’arme atomique<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-98"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>98<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/9_mai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="9 mai">9 mai</a> : <ul> <li><b><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D%C3%A9claration_du_9_mai_1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Déclaration du 9 mai 1950">déclaration Schuman</a></b> ; <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Robert_Schuman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Robert Schuman">Robert Schuman</a> établit un plan sur l’Europe, proposant à la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemagne_de_l%27Ouest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Allemagne de l'Ouest">RFA</a> le pool charbon acier (CECA, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Communaut%C3%A9_europ%C3%A9enne_du_charbon_et_de_l%27acier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Communauté européenne du charbon et de l'acier">Communauté européenne du charbon et de l’acier</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-99"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>99<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Le but du plan Schuman inspiré par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jean_Monnet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jean Monnet">Jean Monnet</a> est de construire entre les Européens des liens économiques et sociaux tellement étroits afin de rendre la guerre impossible : « l’Europe [...] se fera par des réalisations concrètes, créant d’abord une solidarité de fait » (discours du salon de l’Horloge)<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-100"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>100<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>création de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Seat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Seat">Seat</a> par l'<i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Instituto_Nacional_de_Industria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Instituto Nacional de Industria">Instituto Nacional de Industria</a></i> avec l’aide de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fiat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fiat">Fiat</a> près de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Barcelone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Barcelone">Barcelone</a><sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-101"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>101<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/18_juin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="18 juin">18 juin</a> : adoption par référendum de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Constitution_du_Land_de_Rh%C3%A9nanie-du-Nord-Westphalie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Constitution du Land de Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie">constitution du Land de Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</a><sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-102"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>102<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/13_juillet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="13 juillet">13 juillet</a> : admission de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemagne_de_l%27Ouest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Allemagne de l'Ouest">RFA</a> au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conseil_de_l%27Europe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conseil de l'Europe">Conseil de l’Europe</a> comme membre associé (de plein droit le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1951-05-02" data-sort-value="1951-05-02">2 mai 1951</time>)<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-103"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>103<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Koningskwestie_Kortrijk.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Koningskwestie_Kortrijk.jpg/220px-Koningskwestie_Kortrijk.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="213" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="714" data-file-height="690"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 213px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Koningskwestie_Kortrijk.jpg/220px-Koningskwestie_Kortrijk.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="213" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Koningskwestie_Kortrijk.jpg/330px-Koningskwestie_Kortrijk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Koningskwestie_Kortrijk.jpg/440px-Koningskwestie_Kortrijk.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Question_royale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Question royale">Question royale</a> en Belgique. Manifestation en faveur du retour du roi Léopold III. </figcaption> </figure> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/22_juillet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="22 juillet">22 juillet</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9opold_III_de_Belgique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Léopold III de Belgique">Léopold III</a> revient en Belgique. Dès le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/21_juillet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="21 juillet">21</a> une série d’attentats à la bombe commence (59 entre le 21 et le <time class="nowrap" datetime="07-27" data-sort-value="07-27">27 juillet</time><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-104"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>104<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>), suivie d’une grève générale et de la tentative de formation d’un gouvernement wallon séparatiste, épilogue de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Question_royale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Question royale">question royale</a>. Le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/31_juillet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="31 juillet">31 juillet</a>, devant l’ampleur des manifestations suscités par son retour à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bruxelles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bruxelles">Bruxelles</a>, Léopold III décide de déléguer ses pouvoirs à son fils <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baudouin_de_Belgique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Baudouin de Belgique">Baudouin</a>, qui le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/11_ao%C3%BBt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="11 août">11 août</a> prête le serment constitutionnel au titre de prince royal<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-105"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>105<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/12_ao%C3%BBt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="12 août">12 août</a> : encyclique <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Humani_Generis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Humani Generis">Humani Generis</a></i> du pape <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pie_XII?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pie XII">Pie XII</a>. Elle freine la recherche biblique, condamne le modernisme et réduit au silence des théologiens novateurs. Critique du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Darwinisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Darwinisme">darwinisme</a><sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-106"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>106<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/5_septembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="5 septembre">5 septembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89lections_l%C3%A9gislatives_danoises_de_1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Élections législatives danoises de 1950">élections législatives danoises</a><sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-107"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>107<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sociaux-d%C3%A9mocrates_(Danemark)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sociaux-démocrates (Danemark)">sociaux-démocrates</a> sortent renforcés sans obtenir la majorité absolue. Le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/30_octobre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="30 octobre">30 octobre</a>, le libéral <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Erik_Eriksen_(homme_politique)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Erik Eriksen (homme politique)">Erik Eriksen</a> forme un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cabinet_Erik_Eriksen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet Erik Eriksen">gouvernement</a> de coalition <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Venstre_(Danemark)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Venstre (Danemark)">Venstre</a>-<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parti_populaire_conservateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parti populaire conservateur">KF</a><sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-108"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>108<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19_septembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="19 septembre">19 septembre</a> : <ul> <li>création l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Union_europ%C3%A9enne_des_paiements?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Union européenne des paiements">union européenne des paiements</a>, chargée de répartir les crédits <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plan_Marshall?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Plan Marshall">Marshall</a>, par l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Organisation_europ%C3%A9enne_de_coop%C3%A9ration_%C3%A9conomique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Organisation européenne de coopération économique">Organisation européenne de coopération économique</a> (future <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Organisation_de_coop%C3%A9ration_et_de_d%C3%A9veloppement_%C3%A9conomiques?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques">OCDE</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-109"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>109<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>communiqué sur l’Allemagne des ministres des Affaires étrangères des États-Unis, du Royaume-Uni et de la France. Décision américaine de réarmer l’Allemagne à la suite de la guerre de Corée<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-110"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>110<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/24_octobre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="24 octobre">24 octobre</a> : projet <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Pleven?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="René Pleven">René Pleven</a> de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Communaut%C3%A9_europ%C3%A9enne_de_d%C3%A9fense?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Communauté européenne de défense">communauté européenne de défense</a> prévoyant d’y intégrer les contingents allemands<sup id="cite_ref-Zorgbibe_111-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Zorgbibe-111"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>111<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/29_octobre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="29 octobre">29 octobre</a> : début du règne de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gustave_VI_Adolphe_de_Su%C3%A8de?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustave VI Adolphe de Suède">Gustave VI Adolphe de Suède</a> (fin en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1973?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1973">1973</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-112"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>112<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1er_novembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1er novembre"><abbr class="abbr" title="Premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> novembre</a> : constitution apostolique <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Munificentissimus_Deus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Munificentissimus Deus">Munificentissimus Deus</a></i>, par laquelle <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pie_XII?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pie XII">Pie XII</a> proclame le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dogmes_catholiques?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Dogmes catholiques">dogme</a> de l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Assomption?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Assomption">Assomption</a><sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-113"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>113<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/4_novembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="4 novembre">4 novembre</a> : <ul> <li>signature à Rome de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Convention_europ%C3%A9enne_des_droits_de_l%27homme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Convention européenne des droits de l'homme">convention européenne des droits de l’homme</a><sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-114"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>114<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>levée des sanctions de l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Organisation_des_Nations_unies?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Organisation des Nations unies">ONU</a> contre l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Espagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Espagne">Espagne</a><sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-115"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>115<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19_d%C3%A9cembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="19 décembre">19 décembre</a> : le général <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dwight_David_Eisenhower?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Dwight David Eisenhower">Eisenhower</a> est nommé commandant suprême de l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Organisation_du_trait%C3%A9_de_l%27Atlantique_nord?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord">OTAN</a> en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Europe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Europe">Europe</a><sup id="cite_ref-Zorgbibe_111-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Zorgbibe-111"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>111<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/29_d%C3%A9cembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="29 décembre">29 décembre</a> : tremblement de terre aux <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/A%C3%A7ores?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Açores">Açores</a><sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-116"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>116<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Fondations_en_1950">Fondations en 1950</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Fondations en 1950" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Voir la catégorie : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Fondation_en_1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Catégorie:Fondation en 1950">Fondation en 1950</a>. </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Naissances_en_1950">Naissances en 1950</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Naissances en 1950" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Article détaillé : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Naissance_en_1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Naissance en 1950">Naissance en 1950</a>. Voir également la catégorie : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Naissance_en_1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Catégorie:Naissance en 1950">Naissance en 1950</a> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Décès_en_1950"><span id="D.C3.A9c.C3.A8s_en_1950"></span>Décès en 1950</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950&action=edit&section=12&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Décès en 1950" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:L%C3%A9on_Blum_1937.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/L%C3%A9on_Blum_1937.jpg/150px-L%C3%A9on_Blum_1937.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="216" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="708" data-file-height="1019"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 150px;height: 216px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/L%C3%A9on_Blum_1937.jpg/150px-L%C3%A9on_Blum_1937.jpg" data-width="150" data-height="216" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/L%C3%A9on_Blum_1937.jpg/225px-L%C3%A9on_Blum_1937.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/L%C3%A9on_Blum_1937.jpg/300px-L%C3%A9on_Blum_1937.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Blum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Léon Blum">Léon Blum</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Nijinsky_(1890-1950)_photographed_at_Krasnoe_Selo,_summer_1907.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Nijinsky_%281890-1950%29_photographed_at_Krasnoe_Selo%2C_summer_1907.jpg/110px-Nijinsky_%281890-1950%29_photographed_at_Krasnoe_Selo%2C_summer_1907.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="164" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="773"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 110px;height: 164px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Nijinsky_%281890-1950%29_photographed_at_Krasnoe_Selo%2C_summer_1907.jpg/110px-Nijinsky_%281890-1950%29_photographed_at_Krasnoe_Selo%2C_summer_1907.jpg" data-width="110" data-height="164" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Nijinsky_%281890-1950%29_photographed_at_Krasnoe_Selo%2C_summer_1907.jpg/165px-Nijinsky_%281890-1950%29_photographed_at_Krasnoe_Selo%2C_summer_1907.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Nijinsky_%281890-1950%29_photographed_at_Krasnoe_Selo%2C_summer_1907.jpg/220px-Nijinsky_%281890-1950%29_photographed_at_Krasnoe_Selo%2C_summer_1907.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vaslav_Nijinski?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vaslav Nijinski">Vaslav Nijinski</a> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:G.B._Shaw_LCCN2014683900.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/G.B._Shaw_LCCN2014683900.jpg/110px-G.B._Shaw_LCCN2014683900.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="151" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4191" data-file-height="5760"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 110px;height: 151px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/G.B._Shaw_LCCN2014683900.jpg/110px-G.B._Shaw_LCCN2014683900.jpg" data-width="110" data-height="151" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/G.B._Shaw_LCCN2014683900.jpg/165px-G.B._Shaw_LCCN2014683900.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/G.B._Shaw_LCCN2014683900.jpg/220px-G.B._Shaw_LCCN2014683900.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="George Bernard Shaw">George Bernard Shaw</a> </figcaption> </figure> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Article détaillé : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D%C3%A9c%C3%A8s_en_1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Décès en 1950">Décès en 1950</a>. Voir également la catégorie : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:D%C3%A9c%C3%A8s_en_1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Catégorie:Décès en 1950">Décès en 1950</a> </div> </div> <dl> <dt> Personnalités majeures décédées en 1950 </dt> <dd></dd> </dl> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2_janvier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2 janvier">2 janvier</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emil_Jannings?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Emil Jannings">Emil Jannings</a> (acteur allemand d'origine suisse)</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/21_janvier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="21 janvier">21 janvier</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/George_Orwell?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="George Orwell">George Orwell</a> (écrivain et journaliste anglais)</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/6_mars?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="6 mars">6 mars</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Albert_Lebrun?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Albert Lebrun">Albert Lebrun</a> (homme politique français)</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/11_mars?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="11 mars">11 mars</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Heinrich_Mann?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Heinrich Mann">Heinrich Mann</a> (écrivain allemand)</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/22_mars?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="22 mars">22 mars</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emmanuel_Mounier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Emmanuel Mounier">Emmanuel Mounier</a> (philosophe français)</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/30_mars?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="30 mars">30 mars</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Blum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Léon Blum">Léon Blum</a> (homme politique français)</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/8_avril?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="8 avril">8 avril</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vaslav_Nijinski?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vaslav Nijinski">Vaslav Nijinski</a> (danseur et chorégraphe russe d'origine polonaise)</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/22_juillet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="22 juillet">22 juillet</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Lyon_Mackenzie_King?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Lyon Mackenzie King">William Lyon Mackenzie King</a> (homme politique canadien)</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/27_ao%C3%BBt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="27 août">27 août</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cesare_Pavese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cesare Pavese">Cesare Pavese</a> (écrivain italien)</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2_novembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2 novembre">2 novembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="George Bernard Shaw">George Bernard Shaw</a> (écrivain et dramaturge irlandais)</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/25_novembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="25 novembre">25 novembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Johannes_V._Jensen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Johannes V. Jensen">Johannes V. Jensen</a> (écrivain danois)</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/27_d%C3%A9cembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="27 décembre">27 décembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Max_Beckmann?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Max Beckmann">Max Beckmann</a> (peintre et dessinateur allemand)</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950&action=edit&section=13&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r222998893">@media screen{body:not(.mw-mf) .mw-parser-output .reference-cadre{height:30em;overflow:auto;padding:3px;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin-top:0.3em}body:not(.mw-mf) .mw-parser-output .reference-cadre .references-small{margin-top:0}}@media screen and (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){body:not(.mw-mf) .mw-parser-output .reference-cadre{height:auto;padding:0;border:0 none}}</style> <div class="reference-cadre" tabindex="0"> <div class="references-small decimal" style="column-width:35em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:0_1-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:0_1-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Hatto2015"><span class="ouvrage" id="Ronald_Hatto2015">Ronald Hatto, <cite class="italique">Le maintien de la paix : L'ONU en action : L'ONU en action</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Armand_Colin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Armand Colin">Armand Colin</a>, <time>2015</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-200-61215-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-200-61215-3"><span class="nowrap">978-2-200-61215-3</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DsGiUCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPAPT34">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+maintien+de+la+paix&rft.pub=Armand+Colin&rft.stitle=L%27ONU+en+action+%3A+L%27ONU+en+action&rft.aulast=Hatto&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-2-200-61215-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Elshobaki2009"><span class="ouvrage" id="Amr_Elshobaki2009">Amr Elshobaki, <cite class="italique">Les Frères musulmans des origines à nos jours</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Karthala?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éditions Karthala">Karthala</a>, <time>2009</time>, 316 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-8111-3112-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-8111-3112-8"><span class="nowrap">978-2-8111-3112-8</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3Dn0InD-MnoXwC%26pg%3DPA82">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+Fr%C3%A8res+musulmans+des+origines+%C3%A0+nos+jours&rft.pub=Karthala&rft.aulast=Elshobaki&rft.aufirst=Amr&rft.date=2009&rft.tpages=316&rft.isbn=978-2-8111-3112-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Figueira2007"><span class="ouvrage" id="Daurius_Figueira2007">Daurius Figueira, <cite class="italique">Tubal Uriah Butler of Trinidad and Tobago Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana : The Road to Independence 6th March 1957 31st August 1962</cite>, iUniverse, <time>2007</time>, 204 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-595-45858-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-595-45858-5"><span class="nowrap">978-0-595-45858-5</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DpjN9kDA_0qAC%26pg%3DPA1948">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tubal+Uriah+Butler+of+Trinidad+and+Tobago+Kwame+Nkrumah+of+Ghana+%3A+The+Road+to+Independence+6th+March+1957+31st+August+1962&rft.pub=iUniverse&rft.aulast=Figueira&rft.aufirst=Daurius&rft.date=2007&rft.tpages=204&rft.isbn=978-0-595-45858-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Benot2013"><span class="ouvrage" id="Yves_Benot2013">Yves Benot, <cite class="italique">Massacres coloniaux : 1944-1950 : la IVe République et la mise au pas des colonies françaises</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/La_D%C3%A9couverte?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="La Découverte">La Découverte</a>, <time>2013</time>, 351 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-7071-7268-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7071-7268-6"><span class="nowrap">978-2-7071-7268-6</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DOQi9FWDiGw8C%26pg%3DPAPP113">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Massacres+coloniaux+%3A+1944-1950+%3A+la+IVe+R%C3%A9publique+et+la+mise+au+pas+des+colonies+fran%C3%A7aises&rft.pub=La+D%C3%A9couverte&rft.aulast=Benot&rft.aufirst=Yves&rft.date=2013&rft.tpages=351&rft.isbn=978-2-7071-7268-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://drapeaufree.free.fr/COLONIESITA/somalieit.htm">Somalie italienne</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Traore1985"><span class="ouvrage" id="Sekou_Traore1985">Sekou Traore, <cite class="italique">La Fédération des étudiants d'Afrique noire en France : (F.E.A.N.F.)</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89ditions_L%27Harmattan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éditions L'Harmattan">L'Harmattan</a>, <time>1985</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3Dp5580xT1MjkC%26pg%3DPA17">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration+des+%C3%A9tudiants+d%27Afrique+noire+en+France&rft.pub=L%27Harmattan&rft.stitle=%28F.E.A.N.F.%29&rft.aulast=Traore&rft.aufirst=Sekou&rft.date=1985&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Vermeren2015"><span class="ouvrage" id="Pierre_Vermeren2015">Pierre Vermeren, <cite class="italique">Le Choc des décolonisations : De la guerre d’Algérie aux printemps arabes</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Odile_Jacob?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éditions Odile Jacob">Odile Jacob</a>, <time>2015</time>, 336 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-7381-6477-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7381-6477-3"><span class="nowrap">978-2-7381-6477-3</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D0dzcCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPAPR2">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+Choc+des+d%C3%A9colonisations&rft.pub=Odile+Jacob&rft.stitle=De+la+guerre+d%E2%80%99Alg%C3%A9rie+aux+printemps+arabes&rft.aulast=Vermeren&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rft.date=2015&rft.tpages=336&rft.isbn=978-2-7381-6477-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-8">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="du_Burundi._Département_d'histoire1991"><span class="ouvrage" id="Université_du_Burundi._Département_d'histoire1991">Université du Burundi. Département d'histoire, <cite class="italique">Histoire sociale de l'Afrique de l'Est (<abbr class="abbr" title="19ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XIX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> – <abbr class="abbr" title="20ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle) : actes du colloque de Bujumbura, 17-24 octobre 1989</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Karthala?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éditions Karthala">Karthala</a>, <time>1991</time>, 527 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-86537-315-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-86537-315-4"><span class="nowrap">978-2-86537-315-4</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DsBdbGNgpzssC%26pg%3DPA305">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+sociale+de+l%27Afrique+de+l%27Est+%28XIXe%E2%80%89%E2%80%93%E2%80%89XXe%26nbsp%3Bsi%C3%A8cle%29&rft.pub=Karthala&rft.stitle=actes+du+colloque+de+Bujumbura%2C+17-24+octobre+1989&rft.au=Universit%C3%A9+du+Burundi.+D%C3%A9partement+d%27histoire&rft.date=1991&rft.tpages=527&rft.isbn=978-2-86537-315-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Montagnon-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Montagnon_9-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Montagnon_9-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Montagnon"><span class="ouvrage" id="Pierre_Montagnon">Pierre Montagnon, <cite class="italique">La France Coloniale : Retour à l'Hexagone</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Groupe_Flammarion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Groupe Flammarion">Éditions Flammarion</a> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-7564-0938-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7564-0938-2"><span class="nowrap">978-2-7564-0938-2</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D3732Y--CKI4C%26pg%3DPAPT387">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+France+Coloniale&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Flammarion&rft.stitle=Retour+%C3%A0+l%27Hexagone&rft.aulast=Montagnon&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rft.isbn=978-2-7564-0938-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-10">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Robert_Ageron1992"><span class="ouvrage" id="Charles_Robert_Ageron1992">Charles Robert Ageron, <cite class="italique">L'Afrique noire française, l'heure des indépendances : actes du colloque La France et les indépendances ...</cite>, CNRS, <time>1992</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-222-04712-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-222-04712-4"><span class="nowrap">978-2-222-04712-4</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DYNMuAQAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA9%2B10%2Bjuin%2B1950">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27Afrique+noire+fran%C3%A7aise%2C+l%27heure+des+ind%C3%A9pendances+%3A+actes+du+colloque+La+France+et+les+ind%C3%A9pendances+...&rft.pub=CNRS&rft.au=Charles+Robert+Ageron&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-2-222-04712-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-11">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2006"><cite class="italique">Documents diplomatiques français : 1966. <abbr class="abbr" title="Premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> juin-31 décembre</cite>, Bruxelles/Bern/Berlin etc./Paris, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peter_Lang_(maison_d%27%C3%A9dition)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Peter Lang (maison d'édition)">Peter Lang</a>, <time>2006</time>, 1133 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-90-5201-321-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-90-5201-321-3"><span class="nowrap">978-90-5201-321-3</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3Dbw8XXLfTSQkC%26pg%3DPA81">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Documents+diplomatiques+fran%C3%A7ais&rft.place=Bruxelles%2FBern%2FBerlin+etc.%2FParis&rft.pub=Peter+Lang&rft.stitle=1966.+%3Cabbr+class%3D%22abbr%22+title%3D%22Premier%22%3E1%3Csup%3Eer%3C%2Fsup%3E%3C%2Fabbr%3E+juin-31+d%C3%A9cembre&rft.date=2006&rft.tpages=1133&rft.isbn=978-90-5201-321-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-12">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Lemarchand1994"><span class="ouvrage" id="Philippe_Lemarchand1994">Philippe Lemarchand, <cite class="italique">L'Afrique et l'Europe : Atlas du <abbr class="abbr" title="20ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Complexe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éditions Complexe">Éditions Complexe</a>, <time>1994</time>, 251 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-87027-518-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-87027-518-4"><span class="nowrap">978-2-87027-518-4</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DH5pFcWhCyU8C%26pg%3DPA213">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27Afrique+et+l%27Europe&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Complexe&rft.stitle=Atlas+du+%3Cabbr+class%3D%22abbr%22+title%3D%2220%E1%B5%89+si%C3%A8cle%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22romain%22%3EXX%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Csup+style%3D%22font-size%3A72%25%22%3Ee%3C%2Fsup%3E%3C%2Fabbr%3E%26nbsp%3Bsi%C3%A8cle&rft.aulast=Lemarchand&rft.aufirst=Philippe&rft.date=1994&rft.tpages=251&rft.isbn=978-2-87027-518-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-13">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Elgey1993"><span class="ouvrage" id="Georgette_Elgey1993">Georgette Elgey, <cite class="italique">Histoire de la IVe République : La République des illusions (1945-1951)</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Librairie_Arth%C3%A8me_Fayard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Librairie Arthème Fayard">Fayard</a>, <time>1993</time>, 706 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-213-66422-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-213-66422-4"><span class="nowrap">978-2-213-66422-4</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DBvNUV-YkVkIC%26pg%3DPAPT324">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+de+la+IVe+R%C3%A9publique&rft.pub=Fayard&rft.stitle=La+R%C3%A9publique+des+illusions+%281945-1951%29&rft.aulast=Elgey&rft.aufirst=Georgette&rft.date=1993&rft.tpages=706&rft.isbn=978-2-213-66422-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-14">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Pinta2006"><span class="ouvrage" id="Pierre_Pinta2006">Pierre Pinta, <cite class="italique">La Libye</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Karthala?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éditions Karthala">Karthala</a>, <time>2006</time>, 352 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-8111-4024-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-8111-4024-3"><span class="nowrap">978-2-8111-4024-3</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DYzjQxC8k2moC%26pg%3DPA257">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Libye&rft.pub=Karthala&rft.aulast=Pinta&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rft.date=2006&rft.tpages=352&rft.isbn=978-2-8111-4024-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-15">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Prasad_Biswal1992"><span class="ouvrage" id="Tapan_Prasad_Biswal1992">Tapan Prasad Biswal, <cite class="italique">Ghana, Political and Constitutional Developments</cite>, Northern Book Centre, <time>1992</time>, 252 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-81-7211-029-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-81-7211-029-1"><span class="nowrap">978-81-7211-029-1</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3Dr9DMGsknZNsC%26pg%3DPA45">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ghana%2C+Political+and+Constitutional+Developments&rft.pub=Northern+Book+Centre&rft.au=Tapan+Prasad+Biswal&rft.date=1992&rft.tpages=252&rft.isbn=978-81-7211-029-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-16">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Kelle2013"><span class="ouvrage" id="Michel_Kelle2013">Michel Kelle, <cite class="italique">5 Figures de l'émancipation algérienne</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Karthala?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éditions Karthala">Karthala</a>, <time>2013</time>, 252 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-8111-0877-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-8111-0877-9"><span class="nowrap">978-2-8111-0877-9</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DMLWGrGc-wq0C%26pg%3DPA92">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=5+Figures+de+l%27%C3%A9mancipation+alg%C3%A9rienne&rft.pub=Karthala&rft.aulast=Kelle&rft.aufirst=Michel&rft.date=2013&rft.tpages=252&rft.isbn=978-2-8111-0877-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-17">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Ferro2015"><span class="ouvrage" id="Marc_Ferro2015">Marc Ferro, <cite class="italique">Histoire des colonisations. Des conquêtes aux indépendances (<abbr class="abbr" title="13ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XIII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> – <abbr class="abbr" title="20ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle)</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89ditions_du_Seuil?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éditions du Seuil">Seuil</a>, <time>2015</time>, 525 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-02-124479-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-02-124479-3"><span class="nowrap">978-2-02-124479-3</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DLwIICwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPAPT215">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+des+colonisations.+Des+conqu%C3%AAtes+aux+ind%C3%A9pendances+%28XIIIe%E2%80%89%E2%80%93%E2%80%89XXe%26nbsp%3Bsi%C3%A8cle%29&rft.pub=Seuil&rft.aulast=Ferro&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft.date=2015&rft.tpages=525&rft.isbn=978-2-02-124479-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-18">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Gérard-Libois,_Jean_Heinen1989"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jules_Gérard-Libois,_Jean_Heinen1989">Jules Gérard-Libois, Jean Heinen, <cite class="italique">Belgique-Congo, 1960 : le 30 juin pourquoi, Lumumba comment, le portefeuille pour qui</cite>, De Boeck Supérieur, <time>1989</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-87311-001-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-87311-001-7"><span class="nowrap">978-2-87311-001-7</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DTardYVYbcxgC%26pg%3DPA159">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Belgique-Congo%2C+1960+%3A+le+30+juin+pourquoi%2C+Lumumba+comment%2C+le+portefeuille+pour+qui&rft.pub=De+Boeck+Sup%C3%A9rieur&rft.au=Jules+G%C3%A9rard-Libois%2C+Jean+Heinen&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-2-87311-001-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-19">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Delince1993"><span class="ouvrage" id="Kern_Delince1993">Kern Delince, <cite class="italique">Les forces politiques en Haïti : manuel d'histoire contemporaine</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Karthala?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éditions Karthala">Karthala</a>, <time>1993</time>, 323 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-86537-395-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-86537-395-6"><span class="nowrap">978-2-86537-395-6</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DeNdoh-tPn6UC%26pg%3DPA278">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+forces+politiques+en+Ha%C3%AFti&rft.pub=Karthala&rft.stitle=manuel+d%27histoire+contemporaine&rft.aulast=Delince&rft.aufirst=Kern&rft.date=1993&rft.tpages=323&rft.isbn=978-2-86537-395-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Henderson-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Henderson_20-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Henderson,_Helen_Delpar,_Maurice_Philip_Brungardt,_Richard_N._Weldon2000"><span class="ouvrage" id="James_D._Henderson,_Helen_Delpar,_Maurice_Philip_Brungardt,_Richard_N._Weldon2000">James D. Henderson, Helen Delpar, Maurice Philip Brungardt, Richard N. Weldon, <cite class="italique">A Reference Guide to Latin American History</cite>, M.E. Sharpe, <time>2000</time>, 615 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-56324-744-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-56324-744-6"><span class="nowrap">978-1-56324-744-6</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3De2F7c0wW7g4C%26pg%3DPA191">présentation en ligne</a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">197-206</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Reference+Guide+to+Latin+American+History&rft.pub=M.E.+Sharpe&rft.aulast=Henderson%2C+Helen+Delpar%2C+Maurice+Philip+Brungardt%2C+Richard+N.+Weldon&rft.aufirst=James+D.&rft.date=2000&rft.pages=197-206&rft.tpages=615&rft.isbn=978-1-56324-744-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-21">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Novak2001"><span class="ouvrage" id="Fabián_Novak2001">Fabián Novak, <cite class="italique">Las relaciones entre el Perú y España (1821-2000)</cite>, Fondo Editorial PUCP, <time>2001</time>, 350 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-9972-42-441-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-9972-42-441-0"><span class="nowrap">978-9972-42-441-0</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D-YaanYkhfJEC%26pg%3DPA116">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Las+relaciones+entre+el+Per%C3%BA+y+Espa%C3%B1a+%281821-2000%29&rft.pub=Fondo+Editorial+PUCP&rft.aulast=Novak&rft.aufirst=Fabi%C3%A1n&rft.date=2001&rft.tpages=350&rft.isbn=978-9972-42-441-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Dabène-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Dab%C3%A8ne_22-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Dabène2011"><span class="ouvrage" id="Olivier_Dabène2011">Olivier Dabène, <cite class="italique">L'Amérique latine à l'époque contemporaine</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Armand_Colin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Armand Colin">Armand Colin</a>, <time>2011</time>, 272 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-200-25411-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-200-25411-7"><span class="nowrap">978-2-200-25411-7</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DfalbE3SVYl8C%26pg%3DPA1964">présentation en ligne</a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 1903, 1924<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27Am%C3%A9rique+latine+%C3%A0+l%27%C3%A9poque+contemporaine&rft.pub=Armand+Colin&rft.aulast=Dab%C3%A8ne&rft.aufirst=Olivier&rft.date=2011&rft.pages=1903%2C+1924&rft.tpages=272&rft.isbn=978-2-200-25411-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-23">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="CalviCarr-Brown2010"><span class="ouvrage" id="Fabrizio_CalviDavid_Carr-Brown2010">Fabrizio Calvi et David Carr-Brown, <cite class="italique">FBI : L'histoire du Bureau par ses agents</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Librairie_Arth%C3%A8me_Fayard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Librairie Arthème Fayard">Fayard</a>, <time>2010</time>, 814 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-213-66073-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-213-66073-8"><span class="nowrap">978-2-213-66073-8</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3Dqc5FUHA0gb8C%26pg%3DPAPT69">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=FBI&rft.pub=Fayard&rft.stitle=L%27histoire+du+Bureau+par+ses+agents&rft.aulast=Calvi&rft.aufirst=Fabrizio&rft.au=David+Carr-Brown&rft.date=2010&rft.tpages=814&rft.isbn=978-2-213-66073-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-mwr-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-mwr_24-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Norton1951"><span class="ouvrage" id="Grady_Norton1951"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Grady Norton, « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">Hurricanes of the 1950 Season</cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Monthly Weather Review</span></i>, American Meteorological Society, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 79, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 1, <time class="nowrap" datetime="1951-01" data-sort-value="1951-01">janvier 1951</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 11 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://portal.issn.org/resource/issn/0027-0644">0027-0644</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/079/mwr-079-01-0008.pdf">lire en ligne</a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-format format-pdf" title="Document au format Portable Document Format (PDF) d'Adobe">[PDF]</abbr>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Hurricanes+of+the+1950+Season&rft.jtitle=Monthly+Weather+Review&rft.issue=1&rft.aulast=Norton&rft.aufirst=Grady&rft.date=1951-01&rft.volume=79&rft.pages=11&rft.issn=0027-0644&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdocs.lib.noaa.gov%2Frescue%2Fmwr%2F079%2Fmwr-079-01-0008.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-25">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Faure2016"><span class="ouvrage" id="Michel_Faure2016">Michel Faure, <cite class="italique">Une Histoire du Brésil</cite>, EDI8, <time>2016</time>, 498 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-262-06631-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-262-06631-4"><span class="nowrap">978-2-262-06631-4</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D2VSUCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPAPT241">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Une+Histoire+du+Br%C3%A9sil&rft.pub=EDI8&rft.aulast=Faure&rft.aufirst=Michel&rft.date=2016&rft.tpages=498&rft.isbn=978-2-262-06631-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-26">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><cite class="italique">Glossario : Vade Mecum</cite>, Mauad Editora Ltda, 680 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-85-7478-218-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-85-7478-218-8"><span class="nowrap">978-85-7478-218-8</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3Di3ztZNkEpOoC%26pg%3DPA499">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Glossario&rft.pub=Mauad+Editora+Ltda&rft.stitle=Vade+Mecum&rft.tpages=680&rft.isbn=978-85-7478-218-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-27">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Raphael1992"><span class="ouvrage" id="Antoine_A._Raphael1992">Antoine A. Raphael, <cite class="italique">Le Drame Haitien</cite>, Antoine A Raphael, <time>1992</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-9631764-3-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-9631764-3-1"><span class="nowrap">978-0-9631764-3-1</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DzIu9BBoiSSQC%26pg%3DPA33">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+Drame+Haitien&rft.pub=Antoine+A+Raphael&rft.aulast=Raphael&rft.aufirst=Antoine+A.&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-9631764-3-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-28">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Thomas_Smith2003"><span class="ouvrage" id="W._Thomas_Smith2003">W. Thomas Smith, <cite class="italique">Encyclopedia of the Central Intelligence Agency</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Infobase_Publishing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Infobase Publishing">Infobase Publishing</a>, <time>2003</time>, 289 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-4381-3018-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-4381-3018-7"><span class="nowrap">978-1-4381-3018-7</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D1Jc9wBsImOIC%26pg%3DPA37">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.au=W.+Thomas+Smith&rft.date=2003&rft.tpages=289&rft.isbn=978-1-4381-3018-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-29">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="1950">« <cite style="font-style:normal">La prairie est en feu</cite> », <i>L'Impartial</i>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="1950-01-04" data-sort-value="1950-01-04">4 janvier 1950</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 8 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.lexpressarchives.ch/">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=La+prairie+est+en+feu&rft.jtitle=L%27Impartial&rft.date=1950-01-04&rft.pages=8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-30">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="1969"><cite class="italique">Chronique de politique étrangère</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 22, Institut royal des relations internationales, <time>1969</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DF49DAAAAIAAJ%26dq%3D(6%2Bjanvier%2B1950)%26pg%3DPA445">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chronique+de+politique+%C3%A9trang%C3%A8re&rft.pub=Institut+royal+des+relations+internationales&rft.date=1969&rft.volume=22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Tertrais-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Tertrais_31-0">a</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Tertrais_31-1">b</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Tertrais_31-2">c</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Tertrais2002"><span class="ouvrage" id="Hugues_Tertrais2002">Hugues Tertrais, <cite class="italique">La piastre et le fusil : Le coût de la guerre d’Indochine. 1945-1954</cite>, Institut de la gestion publique et du développement économique, <time>2002</time>, 634 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-11-091055-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-11-091055-4"><span class="nowrap">978-2-11-091055-4</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DClULCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPAPT392">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+piastre+et+le+fusil&rft.pub=Institut+de+la+gestion+publique+et+du+d%C3%A9veloppement+%C3%A9conomique&rft.stitle=Le+co%C3%BBt+de+la+guerre+d%E2%80%99Indochine.+1945-1954&rft.aulast=Tertrais&rft.aufirst=Hugues&rft.date=2002&rft.tpages=634&rft.isbn=978-2-11-091055-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-32">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="1996"><cite class="italique">From the Formation of the State of East Indonesia Towards the Establishment of the United States of Indonesia</cite>, Yayasan Obor Indonesia, <time>1996</time>, 906 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-979-461-216-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-979-461-216-3"><span class="nowrap">978-979-461-216-3</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3Ds4j3TROSWVoC%26pg%3DPA714">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+the+Formation+of+the+State+of+East+Indonesia+Towards+the+Establishment+of+the+United+States+of+Indonesia&rft.pub=Yayasan+Obor+Indonesia&rft.date=1996&rft.tpages=906&rft.isbn=978-979-461-216-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Sevin-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Sevin_33-0">a</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Sevin_33-1">b</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Sevin_33-2">c</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Sevin2001"><span class="ouvrage" id="Olivier_Sevin2001">Olivier Sevin, <cite class="italique">Migrations, colonisation agricole et terres neuves en Indonésie</cite>, Presses Universitaires de Bordeaux, <time>2001</time>, 931 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-905081-39-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-905081-39-1"><span class="nowrap">978-2-905081-39-1</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D7SXbfKmEfxUC%26pg%3DPA555">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Migrations%2C+colonisation+agricole+et+terres+neuves+en+Indon%C3%A9sie&rft.pub=Presses+Universitaires+de+Bordeaux&rft.aulast=Sevin&rft.aufirst=Olivier&rft.date=2001&rft.tpages=931&rft.isbn=978-2-905081-39-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-34">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Coltheart2014"><span class="ouvrage" id="Lenore_Coltheart2014">Lenore Coltheart, <cite class="italique">Albert Hall : The Heart of Canberra</cite>, UNSW Press, <time>2014</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-74224-714-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-74224-714-4"><span class="nowrap">978-1-74224-714-4</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D_jFtBgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA95">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Albert+Hall&rft.pub=UNSW+Press&rft.stitle=The+Heart+of+Canberra&rft.aulast=Coltheart&rft.aufirst=Lenore&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-74224-714-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-35">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="James_Hammerton,_Alistair_Thomson2005"><span class="ouvrage" id="A._James_Hammerton,_Alistair_Thomson2005">A. James Hammerton, Alistair Thomson, <cite class="italique">Ten Pound Poms : A Life History of British Postwar Emigration to Australia</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manchester_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Manchester University Press">Manchester University Press</a>, <time>2005</time>, 388 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-7190-7133-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-7190-7133-1"><span class="nowrap">978-0-7190-7133-1</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DhOG48C875pIC%26pg%3DPA32">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ten+Pound+Poms+%3A+A+Life+History+of+British+Postwar+Emigration+to+Australia&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.au=A.+James+Hammerton%2C+Alistair+Thomson&rft.date=2005&rft.tpages=388&rft.isbn=978-0-7190-7133-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-36">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2009"><cite class="italique">Legal Apptitude And Legal Reasoning For The Clat</cite>, Pearson Education India, <time>2009</time>, 260 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-81-317-2717-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-81-317-2717-1"><span class="nowrap">978-81-317-2717-1</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DWZ4IZhXpuGoC%26pg%3DPA115">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Legal+Apptitude+And+Legal+Reasoning+For+The+Clat&rft.pub=Pearson+Education+India&rft.date=2009&rft.tpages=260&rft.isbn=978-81-317-2717-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-37">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jaffrelot2006"><span class="ouvrage" id="Christophe_Jaffrelot2006">Christophe Jaffrelot, <cite class="italique">L'Inde contemporaine : De 1950 à nos jours</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Librairie_Arth%C3%A8me_Fayard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Librairie Arthème Fayard">Fayard</a>, <time>2006</time>, 816 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-213-64007-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-213-64007-5"><span class="nowrap">978-2-213-64007-5</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D4rkC2Zq4jFIC%26pg%3DPAPT21">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27Inde+contemporaine&rft.pub=Fayard&rft.stitle=De+1950+%C3%A0+nos+jours&rft.aulast=Jaffrelot&rft.aufirst=Christophe&rft.date=2006&rft.tpages=816&rft.isbn=978-2-213-64007-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-38">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Daniélou2003"><span class="ouvrage" id="Alain_Daniélou2003">Alain Daniélou, <cite class="italique">A Brief History of India</cite>, Inner Traditions / Bear & Co, <time>2003</time>, 384 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-59477-794-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-59477-794-3"><span class="nowrap">978-1-59477-794-3</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DKwnv3I6qIosC%26pg%3DPA325">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Brief+History+of+India&rft.pub=Inner+Traditions+%2F+Bear+%26+Co&rft.aulast=Dani%C3%A9lou&rft.aufirst=Alain&rft.date=2003&rft.tpages=384&rft.isbn=978-1-59477-794-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-39">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Patricia_Callahan2003"><span class="ouvrage" id="Mary_Patricia_Callahan2003">Mary Patricia Callahan, <cite class="italique">Making Enemies : War and State Building in Burma</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cornell_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cornell University Press">Cornell University Press</a>, <time>2003</time>, 268 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-8014-7267-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-8014-7267-1"><span class="nowrap">978-0-8014-7267-1</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DNrCK8a6tcEgC%26pg%3DPA155">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Making+Enemies&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.stitle=War+and+State+Building+in+Burma&rft.au=Mary+Patricia+Callahan&rft.date=2003&rft.tpages=268&rft.isbn=978-0-8014-7267-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Tertrais2-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Tertrais2_40-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Tertrais2015"><span class="ouvrage" id="Hugues_Tertrais2015">Hugues Tertrais, <cite class="italique">L'Asie pacifique au <abbr class="abbr" title="20ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Armand_Colin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Armand Colin">Armand Colin</a>, <time>2015</time>, 192 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-200-60105-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-200-60105-8"><span class="nowrap">978-2-200-60105-8</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DpkiWBwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA1951">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27Asie+pacifique+au+XXe%26nbsp%3Bsi%C3%A8cle&rft.pub=Armand+Colin&rft.aulast=Tertrais&rft.aufirst=Hugues&rft.date=2015&rft.tpages=192&rft.isbn=978-2-200-60105-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-41">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="KaspiDuroselle2009"><span class="ouvrage" id="André_KaspiJean-Baptiste_Duroselle2009">André Kaspi et Jean-Baptiste Duroselle, <cite class="italique">Histoire des relations internationales : De 1945 à nos jours</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Armand_Colin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Armand Colin">Armand Colin</a>, <time>2009</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-200-24737-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-200-24737-9"><span class="nowrap">978-2-200-24737-9</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DwM3qAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPAPT66">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+des+relations+internationales&rft.pub=Armand+Colin&rft.stitle=De+1945+%C3%A0+nos+jours&rft.aulast=Kaspi&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9&rft.au=Jean-Baptiste+Duroselle&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-2-200-24737-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Dassé-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Dass%C3%A9_42-0">a</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Dass%C3%A9_42-1">b</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Dass%C3%A9_42-2">c</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Dassé1993"><span class="ouvrage" id="Martial_Dassé1993">Martial Dassé, <cite class="italique">Les guérillas en Asie du Sud-Est : les stratégies de la guerre asiatique</cite>, Fondation pour les études de défense nationale, <time>1993</time>, 270 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-7384-1449-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7384-1449-6"><span class="nowrap">978-2-7384-1449-6</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3Dh4ZuAAAAMAAJ%26dq%3DProme%26pg%3DPA40">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+gu%C3%A9rillas+en+Asie+du+Sud-Est&rft.pub=Fondation+pour+les+%C3%A9tudes+de+d%C3%A9fense+nationale&rft.stitle=les+strat%C3%A9gies+de+la+guerre+asiatique&rft.aulast=Dass%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Martial&rft.date=1993&rft.tpages=270&rft.isbn=978-2-7384-1449-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-43">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Catherine2003"><span class="ouvrage" id="Lucas_Catherine2003">Lucas Catherine, <cite class="italique">Palestine : la dernière colonie ?</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Aden?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éditions Aden">Éditions Aden</a>, <time>2003</time>, 311 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-87262-200-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-87262-200-9"><span class="nowrap">978-2-87262-200-9</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DvSj3TN07HeoC%26pg%3DPA108">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Palestine&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Aden&rft.stitle=la+derni%C3%A8re+colonie+%3F&rft.aulast=Catherine&rft.aufirst=Lucas&rft.date=2003&rft.tpages=311&rft.isbn=978-2-87262-200-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-44">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Renon1996"><span class="ouvrage" id="Alain_Renon1996">Alain Renon, <cite class="italique">Géopolitique de la Jordanie</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Complexe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éditions Complexe">Éditions Complexe</a>, <time>1996</time>, 142 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-87027-623-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-87027-623-5"><span class="nowrap">978-2-87027-623-5</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D8qcyJ-G9tioC%26pg%3DPA14">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=G%C3%A9opolitique+de+la+Jordanie&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Complexe&rft.aulast=Renon&rft.aufirst=Alain&rft.date=1996&rft.tpages=142&rft.isbn=978-2-87027-623-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-45">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.reasoninrevolt.net.au/biogs/E000352b.htm">Menzies, Robert Gordon (Bob) - Biographical entry - Reason in Revolt</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Blayo-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Blayo_46-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Blayo_46-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Blayo1997"><span class="ouvrage" id="Yves_Blayo1997">Yves Blayo, <cite class="italique">Des politiques démographiques en Chine</cite>, INED, <time>1997</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DUXBi_vu6v2AC%26pg%3DPA20">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Des+politiques+d%C3%A9mographiques+en+Chine&rft.pub=INED&rft.aulast=Blayo&rft.aufirst=Yves&rft.date=1997&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-47">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Fry,_Gayla_S._Nieminen,_Harold_E._Smith2013"><span class="ouvrage" id="Gerald_W._Fry,_Gayla_S._Nieminen,_Harold_E._Smith2013">Gerald W. Fry, Gayla S. Nieminen, Harold E. Smith, <cite class="italique">Historical Dictionary of Thailand</cite>, Scarecrow Press, <time>2013</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-8108-7525-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-8108-7525-8"><span class="nowrap">978-0-8108-7525-8</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DXaRtAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPAPR33">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Thailand&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.aulast=Fry%2C+Gayla+S.+Nieminen%2C+Harold+E.+Smith&rft.aufirst=Gerald+W.&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-7525-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-48">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Lintner1999"><span class="ouvrage" id="Bertil_Lintner1999"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bertil_Lintner?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bertil Lintner">Bertil Lintner</a>, <cite class="italique">Burma in Revolt : Opium and Insurgency since 1948</cite>, Silkworm Books, <time>1999</time>, 604 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-63041-184-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-63041-184-8"><span class="nowrap">978-1-63041-184-8</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DdYMOBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPAPT286">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Burma+in+Revolt&rft.pub=Silkworm+Books&rft.stitle=Opium+and+Insurgency+since+1948&rft.aulast=Lintner&rft.aufirst=Bertil&rft.date=1999&rft.tpages=604&rft.isbn=978-1-63041-184-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Baron-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Baron_49-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Baron2014"><span class="ouvrage" id="Xavier_Baron2014">Xavier Baron, <cite class="italique">Histoire de la Syrie. 1918 à nos jours</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Tallandier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éditions Tallandier">Tallandier</a>, <time>2014</time>, 320 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/979-10-210-0870-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/979-10-210-0870-0"><span class="nowrap">979-10-210-0870-0</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3Dpb1SCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPAPT87">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+de+la+Syrie.+1918+%C3%A0+nos+jours&rft.pub=Tallandier&rft.aulast=Baron&rft.aufirst=Xavier&rft.date=2014&rft.tpages=320&rft.isbn=979-10-210-0870-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-50">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Lancashire2013"><span class="ouvrage" id="Terence_A_Lancashire2013">Terence A Lancashire, <cite class="italique"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">An Introduction to Japanese Folk Performing Arts</span></cite>, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., <time>2013</time>, 262 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-4094-9493-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-4094-9493-5"><span class="nowrap">978-1-4094-9493-5</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DySzT9z5SckoC%26pg%3DPA127">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+Japanese+Folk+Performing+Arts&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing%2C+Ltd.&rft.aulast=Lancashire&rft.aufirst=Terence+A&rft.date=2013&rft.tpages=262&rft.isbn=978-1-4094-9493-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-51">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Valode2008"><span class="ouvrage" id="Philippe_Valode2008">Philippe Valode, <cite class="italique">Les grands explorateurs français : De Jacques Cartier à nos jours</cite>, Paris, Les Éditions de l'Archipel, <time>2008</time>, 212 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-8098-0108-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-8098-0108-8"><span class="nowrap">978-2-8098-0108-8</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DC2kjAQAAIAAJ%26dq%3DAnnapurna%26pg%3DPA183">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+grands+explorateurs+fran%C3%A7ais&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Les+%C3%89ditions+de+l%27Archipel&rft.stitle=De+Jacques+Cartier+%C3%A0+nos+jours&rft.aulast=Valode&rft.aufirst=Philippe&rft.date=2008&rft.tpages=212&rft.isbn=978-2-8098-0108-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-52">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="CabestanVermander2005"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jean-Pierre_CabestanBenoit_Vermander2005">Jean-Pierre Cabestan et Benoit Vermander, <cite class="italique">La Chine en quête de ses frontières</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Presses_de_Sciences_Po?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Presses de Sciences Po">Presses de Sciences Po</a>, <time>2005</time>, 283 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-7246-8807-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7246-8807-8"><span class="nowrap">978-2-7246-8807-8</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D7lo7UIQ70j0C%26pg%3DPAPT16">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Chine+en+qu%C3%AAte+de+ses+fronti%C3%A8res&rft.pub=Presses+de+Sciences+Po&rft.aulast=Cabestan&rft.aufirst=Jean-Pierre&rft.au=Benoit+Vermander&rft.date=2005&rft.tpages=283&rft.isbn=978-2-7246-8807-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-53">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">François Joyaux, <i>Nouvelle histoire de l'Indochine française</i>, Perrin 2022, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 372</span></li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-54">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://anom.archivesnationales.culture.gouv.fr/ark:/61561/zh963pjpkiu.num%3D20.form%3Dcomplexe.start%3D1081">Archives nationales d'outre-mer</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-55">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Zebrowski1999"><span class="ouvrage" id="Ernest_Zebrowski1999">Ernest Zebrowski, <cite class="italique">Perils of a Restless Planet : Scientific Perspectives on Natural Disasters</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, <time>1999</time>, 324 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-521-65488-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-521-65488-3"><span class="nowrap">978-0-521-65488-3</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D8krlt1-IFkcC%26pg%3DPA292">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Perils+of+a+Restless+Planet&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.stitle=Scientific+Perspectives+on+Natural+Disasters&rft.aulast=Zebrowski&rft.aufirst=Ernest&rft.date=1999&rft.tpages=324&rft.isbn=978-0-521-65488-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-56">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Bo2010"><span class="ouvrage" id="Zhiyue_Bo2010">Zhiyue Bo, <cite class="italique">China's Elite Politics : Governance and Democratization</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/World_Scientific?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="World Scientific">World Scientific</a>, <time>2010</time>, 448 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-981-283-673-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-981-283-673-1"><span class="nowrap">978-981-283-673-1</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DsYuUZ5_xd3YC%26pg%3DPA273">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=China%27s+Elite+Politics&rft.pub=World+Scientific&rft.stitle=Governance+and+Democratization&rft.aulast=Bo&rft.aufirst=Zhiyue&rft.date=2010&rft.tpages=448&rft.isbn=978-981-283-673-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Vaïsse-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Va%C3%AFsse_57-0">a</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Va%C3%AFsse_57-1">b</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Va%C3%AFsse_57-2">c</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Vaïsse2000"><span class="ouvrage" id="Maurice_Vaïsse2000">Maurice Vaïsse, <cite class="italique">L'armée française dans la guerre d'Indochine (1946-1954) : adaptation ou inadaptation ?</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Complexe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éditions Complexe">Éditions Complexe</a>, <time>2000</time>, 363 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-87027-810-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-87027-810-9"><span class="nowrap">978-2-87027-810-9</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DkxGVMCls88QC%26pg%3DPA359">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27arm%C3%A9e+fran%C3%A7aise+dans+la+guerre+d%27Indochine+%281946-1954%29&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Complexe&rft.stitle=adaptation+ou+inadaptation+%3F&rft.aulast=Va%C3%AFsse&rft.aufirst=Maurice&rft.date=2000&rft.tpages=363&rft.isbn=978-2-87027-810-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-58">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Stanton2003"><span class="ouvrage" id="Shelby_L._Stanton2003">Shelby L. Stanton, <cite class="italique">Vietnam Order of Battle</cite>, Stackpole Books, <time>2003</time>, 396 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-8117-0071-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-8117-0071-9"><span class="nowrap">978-0-8117-0071-9</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DaUg2zQ9JpHQC%26pg%3DPA59">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vietnam+Order+of+Battle&rft.pub=Stackpole+Books&rft.aulast=Stanton&rft.aufirst=Shelby+L.&rft.date=2003&rft.tpages=396&rft.isbn=978-0-8117-0071-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-59">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Bougeard2015"><span class="ouvrage" id="Christian_Bougeard2015">Christian Bougeard, <cite class="italique">René Pleven : Un Français libre en politique</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Presses_universitaires_de_Rennes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Presses universitaires de Rennes">Presses universitaires de Rennes</a>, <time>2015</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-7535-2370-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7535-2370-8"><span class="nowrap">978-2-7535-2370-8</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DFaUUCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPAPT273">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ren%C3%A9+Pleven&rft.pub=Presses+universitaires+de+Rennes&rft.stitle=Un+Fran%C3%A7ais+libre+en+politique&rft.aulast=Bougeard&rft.aufirst=Christian&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-2-7535-2370-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Levenson-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Levenson_60-0">a</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Levenson_60-1">b</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Levenson_60-2">c</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Levenson_60-3">d</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Levenson2009"><span class="ouvrage" id="Claude_B._Levenson2009">Claude B. Levenson, <cite class="italique">Le Tibet : « Que sais-je ? » n° 3808</cite>, Presses universitaires de France, <time>2009</time>, 128 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-13-061577-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-13-061577-4"><span class="nowrap">978-2-13-061577-4</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D9L8ICwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPAPT23">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+Tibet&rft.pub=Presses+universitaires+de+France&rft.stitle=%C2%AB+Que+sais-je+%3F+%C2%BB+n%C2%B0+3808&rft.aulast=Levenson&rft.aufirst=Claude+B.&rft.date=2009&rft.tpages=128&rft.isbn=978-2-13-061577-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Blondeau-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Blondeau_61-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Marie_BlondeauBuffetrille2002"><span class="ouvrage" id="Anne_Marie_BlondeauKatia_Buffetrille2002">Anne Marie Blondeau et Katia Buffetrille, <cite class="italique">Le Tibet est-il chinois ?</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Albin_Michel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éditions Albin Michel">Albin Michel</a>, <time>2002</time>, 480 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-226-20594-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-226-20594-0"><span class="nowrap">978-2-226-20594-0</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DOUq0F1W0MxIC%26pg%3DPA95">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+Tibet+est-il+chinois+%3F&rft.pub=Albin+Michel&rft.au=Anne+Marie+Blondeau&rft.au=Katia+Buffetrille&rft.date=2002&rft.tpages=480&rft.isbn=978-2-226-20594-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-62">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Arpi2011"><span class="ouvrage" id="Claude_Arpi2011">Claude Arpi, <cite class="italique">Tibet, le pays sacrifié</cite>, Chemins de tr@verse, <time>2011</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-313-00217-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-313-00217-9"><span class="nowrap">978-2-313-00217-9</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DnsIjCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA323">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tibet%2C+le+pays+sacrifi%C3%A9&rft.pub=Chemins+de+tr%40verse&rft.aulast=Arpi&rft.aufirst=Claude&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-2-313-00217-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-63">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="CalvezLécrivain2008"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jean-Yves_CalvezPhilippe_Lécrivain2008">Jean-Yves Calvez et Philippe Lécrivain, <cite class="italique">Comprendre le catholicisme</cite>, Paris, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eyrolles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eyrolles">Éditions Eyrolles</a>, <time>2008</time>, 199 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-212-54130-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-212-54130-4"><span class="nowrap">978-2-212-54130-4</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DA2AlkXsl4-kC%26pg%3DPA167">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Comprendre+le+catholicisme&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Eyrolles&rft.aulast=Calvez&rft.aufirst=Jean-Yves&rft.au=Philippe+L%C3%A9crivain&rft.date=2008&rft.tpages=199&rft.isbn=978-2-212-54130-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-64">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2008"><cite class="italique">Histoire politique du Népal : Aux origines de l'insurrection maoïste</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Karthala?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éditions Karthala">Karthala</a>, <time>2008</time>, 324 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-8111-4239-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-8111-4239-1"><span class="nowrap">978-2-8111-4239-1</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DG-rdT7on5ZgC%26pg%3DPA117">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+politique+du+N%C3%A9pal&rft.pub=Karthala&rft.stitle=Aux+origines+de+l%27insurrection+mao%C3%AFste&rft.date=2008&rft.tpages=324&rft.isbn=978-2-8111-4239-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-65">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Balencie,_Arnaud_de_La_Grange2001"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jean-Marc_Balencie,_Arnaud_de_La_Grange2001">Jean-Marc Balencie, Arnaud de La Grange, <cite class="italique">Mondes rebelles : guérillas, milices, groupes terroristes</cite>, Michalon, <time>2001</time>, 1677 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-84186-142-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-84186-142-2"><span class="nowrap">978-2-84186-142-2</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DmCJnAAAAMAAJ%26dq%3Dnovembre%2B1950%26pg%3DPA450">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mondes+rebelles&rft.pub=Michalon&rft.stitle=gu%C3%A9rillas%2C+milices%2C+groupes+terroristes&rft.au=Jean-Marc+Balencie%2C+Arnaud+de+La+Grange&rft.date=2001&rft.tpages=1677&rft.isbn=978-2-84186-142-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-66">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Mardelli2012"><span class="ouvrage" id="Bassil_A._Mardelli2012">Bassil A. Mardelli, <cite class="italique">Middle East Perspectives : From Lebanon (1968–1988)</cite>, iUniverse, <time>2012</time>, 696 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-4759-0673-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-4759-0673-8"><span class="nowrap">978-1-4759-0673-8</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D1_JKo17u6yYC%26pg%3DPA272">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Middle+East+Perspectives&rft.pub=iUniverse&rft.stitle=From+Lebanon+%281968%E2%80%931988%29&rft.aulast=Mardelli&rft.aufirst=Bassil+A.&rft.date=2012&rft.tpages=696&rft.isbn=978-1-4759-0673-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-67">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Joshi2004"><span class="ouvrage" id="H._G._Joshi2004">H. G. Joshi, <cite class="italique">Sikkim : Past and Present</cite>, Mittal Publications, <time>2004</time>, 240 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-81-7099-932-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-81-7099-932-4"><span class="nowrap">978-81-7099-932-4</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DL7gIVNzkN2YC%26pg%3DPA117">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sikkim&rft.pub=Mittal+Publications&rft.stitle=Past+and+Present&rft.aulast=Joshi&rft.aufirst=H.+G.&rft.date=2004&rft.tpages=240&rft.isbn=978-81-7099-932-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Fehrenbach-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Fehrenbach_68-0">a</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Fehrenbach_68-1">b</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Fehrenbach_68-2">c</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Fehrenbach_68-3">d</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Fehrenbach_68-4">e</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Fehrenbach_68-5">f</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Fehrenbach_68-6">g</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Fehrenbach_68-7">h</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Fehrenbach_68-8">i</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Fehrenbach_68-9">j</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Fehrenbach2000"><span class="ouvrage" id="T._R._Fehrenbach2000">T. R. Fehrenbach, <cite class="italique">This Kind of War : The Classic Korean War History</cite>, Potomac Books, Inc., <time>2000</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-59797-878-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-59797-878-1"><span class="nowrap">978-1-59797-878-1</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DjDbXpiJMFdIC%26pg%3DPAPT557">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=This+Kind+of+War&rft.pub=Potomac+Books%2C+Inc.&rft.stitle=The+Classic+Korean+War+History&rft.aulast=Fehrenbach&rft.aufirst=T.+R.&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-59797-878-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-69">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.navsource.org/archives/12/010823.htm"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Submarine Chaser Photo Archive: PC-823</cite></a> », NavSource</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-70">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="AltonChidleyCox2013"><span class="ouvrage" id="David_AltonRob_ChidleyCaroline_Cox2013">David Alton, Rob Chidley et Caroline Cox, <cite class="italique">Building Bridges : Is There Hope for North Korea ?</cite>, Lion Books, <time>2013</time>, 239 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-7459-5598-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-7459-5598-8"><span class="nowrap">978-0-7459-5598-8</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DeTWqpOOXI_QC%26pg%3DPA6">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Building+Bridges&rft.pub=Lion+Books&rft.stitle=Is+There+Hope+for+North+Korea+%3F&rft.aulast=Alton&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Rob+Chidley&rft.au=Caroline+Cox&rft.date=2013&rft.tpages=239&rft.isbn=978-0-7459-5598-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Edwards-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Edwards_71-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Edwards_71-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Edwards2006"><span class="ouvrage" id="Paul_M._Edwards2006">Paul M. Edwards, <cite class="italique">The Korean War</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greenwood_Publishing_Group?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Greenwood Publishing Group">Greenwood Publishing Group</a>, <time>2006</time>, 210 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-313-33248-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-313-33248-7"><span class="nowrap">978-0-313-33248-7</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DxA34hGXAjlIC%26pg%3DPAPR20">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Korean+War&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=Paul+M.&rft.date=2006&rft.tpages=210&rft.isbn=978-0-313-33248-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Tucker-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Tucker_72-0">a</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Tucker_72-1">b</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Tucker_72-2">c</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Tucker2012"><span class="ouvrage" id="Spencer_Tucker2012">Spencer Tucker, <cite class="italique">Almanac of American Military History</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 1, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ABC-CLIO?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ABC-CLIO">ABC-CLIO</a>, <time>2012</time>, 2524 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-59884-530-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-59884-530-3"><span class="nowrap">978-1-59884-530-3</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DTO2mx314ST0C%26pg%3DPA1812">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Almanac+of+American+Military+History&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.aulast=Tucker&rft.aufirst=Spencer&rft.date=2012&rft.volume=1&rft.tpages=2524&rft.isbn=978-1-59884-530-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-73">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Kleiner2001"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jürgen_Kleiner2001">Jürgen Kleiner, <cite class="italique">Korea, a Century of Change</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/World_Scientific?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="World Scientific">World Scientific</a>, <time>2001</time>, 444 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-981-279-995-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-981-279-995-1"><span class="nowrap">978-981-279-995-1</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DnTCC2ZheFu0C%26pg%3DPA79">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Korea%2C+a+Century+of+Change&rft.pub=World+Scientific&rft.aulast=Kleiner&rft.aufirst=J%C3%BCrgen&rft.date=2001&rft.tpages=444&rft.isbn=978-981-279-995-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Souty-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Souty_74-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Souty_74-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Souty2002"><span class="ouvrage" id="Patrick_Souty2002">Patrick Souty, <cite class="italique">La guerre de Corée, 1950-1953 : guerre froide en Asie orientale</cite>, Presses Universitaires Lyon, <time>2002</time>, 255 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-7297-0696-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7297-0696-8"><span class="nowrap">978-2-7297-0696-8</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DpbJvVRmLDEoC%26pg%3DPA134">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+guerre+de+Cor%C3%A9e%2C+1950-1953&rft.pub=Presses+Universitaires+Lyon&rft.stitle=guerre+froide+en+Asie+orientale&rft.aulast=Souty&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft.date=2002&rft.tpages=255&rft.isbn=978-2-7297-0696-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Edwards2-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Edwards2_75-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Edwards2_75-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Edwards2006"><span class="ouvrage" id="Paul_M._Edwards2006">Paul M. Edwards, <cite class="italique">Korean War Almanac</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Infobase_Publishing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Infobase Publishing">Infobase Publishing</a>, <time>2006</time>, 592 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-8160-7467-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-8160-7467-9"><span class="nowrap">978-0-8160-7467-9</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D5gYCm0bM68sC%26pg%3DPA139">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Korean+War+Almanac&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=Paul+M.&rft.date=2006&rft.tpages=592&rft.isbn=978-0-8160-7467-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-76">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">[<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://newdaynews.ru/pmr/432516.html">https://newdaynews.ru/pmr/432516.html</a> L’école du village transnistrien de Giska a rendu hommage aux enseignants et aux élèves morts dans l’explosion de 1950 (PHOTOS)</span></li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-77">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Sebestyen2010"><span class="ouvrage" id="Victor_Sebestyen2010">Victor Sebestyen, <cite class="italique">Twelve Days : Revolution 1956. How the Hungarians tried to topple their Soviet masters</cite>, Hachette UK, <time>2010</time>, 368 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-297-86543-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-297-86543-8"><span class="nowrap">978-0-297-86543-8</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DUhM0wlv-eCEC%26pg%3DPAPT48">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Twelve+Days+%3A+Revolution+1956.+How+the+Hungarians+tried+to+topple+their+Soviet+masters&rft.pub=Hachette+UK&rft.aulast=Sebestyen&rft.aufirst=Victor&rft.date=2010&rft.tpages=368&rft.isbn=978-0-297-86543-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-78">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Bogdan1966"><span class="ouvrage" id="Henry_Bogdan1966">Henry Bogdan, <cite class="italique">Histoire de la Hongrie</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Presses_universitaires_de_France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Presses universitaires de France">Presses universitaires de France</a>, <time>1966</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D3O8tAQAAIAAJ%26dq%3DKallai%26pg%3DPA113">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+de+la+Hongrie&rft.pub=Presses+universitaires+de+France&rft.aulast=Bogdan&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft.date=1966&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Ramet-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Ramet_79-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Ramet_79-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Ramet1998"><span class="ouvrage" id="Sabrina_P._Ramet1998">Sabrina P. Ramet, <cite class="italique">Nihil Obstat : Religion, Politics, and Social Change in East-Central Europe and Russia</cite>, Duke University Press, <time>1998</time>, 424 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-8223-2070-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-8223-2070-8"><span class="nowrap">978-0-8223-2070-8</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DZvMi6paTOlcC%26pg%3DPA109">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nihil+Obstat+%3A+Religion%2C+Politics%2C+and+Social+Change+in+East-Central+Europe+and+Russia&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.aulast=Ramet&rft.aufirst=Sabrina+P.&rft.date=1998&rft.tpages=424&rft.isbn=978-0-8223-2070-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-80">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Iacob2012"><span class="ouvrage" id="Bogdan_C._Iacob2012"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Bogdan C. Iacob, <cite class="italique" lang="en">History of Communism in Europe</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 3, Bucarest, Zeta Books, <time>2012</time>, 207 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-606-8266-27-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-606-8266-27-5"><span class="nowrap">978-606-8266-27-5</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D70ECBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA89">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Communism+in+Europe&rft.place=Bucarest&rft.pub=Zeta+Books&rft.aulast=Iacob&rft.aufirst=Bogdan+C.&rft.date=2012&rft.volume=3&rft.tpages=207&rft.isbn=978-606-8266-27-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-81">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Frankowski,_Paul_B._Stephan_III1995"><span class="ouvrage" id="Stanisław_Frankowski,_Paul_B._Stephan_III1995">Stanisław Frankowski, Paul B. Stephan III, <cite class="italique">Legal Reform in Post-Communist Europe : The View from Within</cite>, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, <time>1995</time>, 483 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-7923-3218-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-7923-3218-3"><span class="nowrap">978-0-7923-3218-3</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DLAiYFR0MPXgC%26pg%3DPA394">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Legal+Reform+in+Post-Communist+Europe&rft.pub=Martinus+Nijhoff+Publishers&rft.stitle=The+View+from+Within&rft.au=Stanis%C5%82aw+Frankowski%2C+Paul+B.+Stephan+III&rft.date=1995&rft.tpages=483&rft.isbn=978-0-7923-3218-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-82">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://francais.radio.cz/il-y-a-70-ans-debutait-le-proces-de-milada-horakova-8682246">https://francais.radio.cz/il-y-a-70-ans-debutait-le-proces-de-milada-horakova-8682246</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-83">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Dehem1968"><span class="ouvrage" id="Roger_Dehem1968">Roger Dehem, <cite class="italique">Planification économique et fédéralisme</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Librairie_Droz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Librairie Droz">Librairie Droz</a>, <time>1968</time>, 202 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-600-04051-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-600-04051-8"><span class="nowrap">978-2-600-04051-8</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DrlSDCECq7JIC%26pg%3DPA120">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Planification+%C3%A9conomique+et+f%C3%A9d%C3%A9ralisme&rft.pub=Librairie+Droz&rft.aulast=Dehem&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft.date=1968&rft.tpages=202&rft.isbn=978-2-600-04051-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-84">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Fritsch-Bournazel1991"><span class="ouvrage" id="Renata_Fritsch-Bournazel1991">Renata Fritsch-Bournazel, <cite class="italique">L'Allemagne unie dans la nouvelle Europe</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Complexe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éditions Complexe">Éditions Complexe</a>, <time>1991</time>, 375 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-87027-387-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-87027-387-6"><span class="nowrap">978-2-87027-387-6</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D2utDpW1J1FIC%26pg%3DPA156">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27Allemagne+unie+dans+la+nouvelle+Europe&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Complexe&rft.aulast=Fritsch-Bournazel&rft.aufirst=Renata&rft.date=1991&rft.tpages=375&rft.isbn=978-2-87027-387-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Buhler-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Buhler_85-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Buhler1997"><span class="ouvrage" id="Pierre_Buhler1997"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pierre_Buhler?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pierre Buhler">Pierre Buhler</a>, <cite class="italique">Histoire de la Pologne communiste: autopsie d'une imposture</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Karthala?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éditions Karthala">Éditions Karthala</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="collection">coll.</abbr> « Hommes et sociétés », <time>1997</time>, 808 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/2865377709?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/2865377709"><span class="nowrap">2865377709</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sites.google.com/site/rauwiller67/home/livres-et-chapitres-de-livres/histoire-de-la-pologne-communiste--autopsie-dune-imposture">présentation en ligne</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3Dms7kavwVwbIC">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+de+la+Pologne+communiste%3A+autopsie+d%27une+imposture&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Karthala&rft.aulast=Buhler&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rft.date=1997&rft.tpages=808&rft.isbn=2865377709&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span> <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 259</span></li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-86">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Pierre Buhler, <i>op. cit</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.fr/books?id%3Dms7kavwVwbIC%26pg%3DPA362"><abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 362</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Vaïsse2-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Va%C3%AFsse2_87-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Vaïsse2015"><span class="ouvrage" id="Maurice_Vaïsse2015">Maurice Vaïsse, <cite class="italique">Les relations internationales depuis 1945</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Armand_Colin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Armand Colin">Armand Colin</a>, <time>2015</time>, 336 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-200-60373-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-200-60373-1"><span class="nowrap">978-2-200-60373-1</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DBDX7CAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPAPT76">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+relations+internationales+depuis+1945&rft.pub=Armand+Colin&rft.aulast=Va%C3%AFsse&rft.aufirst=Maurice&rft.date=2015&rft.tpages=336&rft.isbn=978-2-200-60373-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-88">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Athanassopoulou2013"><span class="ouvrage" id="Ekavi_Athanassopoulou2013">Ekavi Athanassopoulou, <cite class="italique">Turkey : Anglo-American Security Interests, 1945-1952 : The First Enlargement of NATO</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Routledge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>, <time>2013</time>, 288 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-136-31685-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-136-31685-2"><span class="nowrap">978-1-136-31685-2</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DeIIsBgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA168">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turkey+%3A+Anglo-American+Security+Interests%2C+1945-1952&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.stitle=The+First+Enlargement+of+NATO&rft.aulast=Athanassopoulou&rft.aufirst=Ekavi&rft.date=2013&rft.tpages=288&rft.isbn=978-1-136-31685-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-89">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Manço2004"><span class="ouvrage" id="Altay_Manço2004">Altay Manço, <cite class="italique">Turquie, vers de nouveaux horizons migratoires ?</cite>, Harmattan, <time>2004</time>, 306 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-7475-6591-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7475-6591-2"><span class="nowrap">978-2-7475-6591-2</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DSFkWAQAAIAAJ%26dq%3D154%26pg%3DPA90">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turquie%2C+vers+de+nouveaux+horizons+migratoires+%3F&rft.pub=Harmattan&rft.aulast=Man%C3%A7o&rft.aufirst=Altay&rft.date=2004&rft.tpages=306&rft.isbn=978-2-7475-6591-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-90">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Eminov1997"><span class="ouvrage" id="Ali_Eminov1997">Ali Eminov, <cite class="italique">Turkish and Other Muslim Minorities in Bulgaria</cite>, Psychology Press, <time>1997</time>, 218 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-415-91976-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-415-91976-0"><span class="nowrap">978-0-415-91976-0</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DWyvw-4l8bgsC%26pg%3DPA131">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turkish+and+Other+Muslim+Minorities+in+Bulgaria&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.aulast=Eminov&rft.aufirst=Ali&rft.date=1997&rft.tpages=218&rft.isbn=978-0-415-91976-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-91">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Mathieu,_Jean_Mortier,_Gilbert_Badia1990"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jean-Philippe_Mathieu,_Jean_Mortier,_Gilbert_Badia1990">Jean-Philippe Mathieu, Jean Mortier, Gilbert Badia, <cite class="italique">RDA : quelle Allemagne ?</cite>, Messidor/Éditions sociales, <time>1990</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-209-06324-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-209-06324-6"><span class="nowrap">978-2-209-06324-6</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D1zNoAAAAMAAJ%26dq%3DCAEM%26pg%3DPA64">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=RDA+%3A+quelle+Allemagne+%3F&rft.pub=Messidor%2F%C3%89ditions+sociales&rft.au=Jean-Philippe+Mathieu%2C+Jean+Mortier%2C+Gilbert+Badia&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-2-209-06324-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-92">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2015"><cite class="italique">République démocratique allemande : Géographie, économie, histoire et politique</cite>, Encyclopaedia Universalis, <time>2015</time>, 60 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-85229-725-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-85229-725-8"><span class="nowrap">978-2-85229-725-8</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DfcSaBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA1945">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=R%C3%A9publique+d%C3%A9mocratique+allemande+%3A+G%C3%A9ographie%2C+%C3%A9conomie%2C+histoire+et+politique&rft.pub=Encyclopaedia+Universalis&rft.date=2015&rft.tpages=60&rft.isbn=978-2-85229-725-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-93">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="LoryThibault1996"><span class="ouvrage" id="Bernard_LoryPierre_Thibault1996">Bernard Lory et Pierre Thibault, <cite class="italique">L'Europe balkanique de 1945 à nos jours</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Ellipses?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éditions Ellipses">Ellipses</a>, <time>1996</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-7298-9653-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7298-9653-9"><span class="nowrap">978-2-7298-9653-9</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DXQAXAQAAIAAJ%26dq%3D15-22%26pg%3DPA76">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27Europe+balkanique+de+1945+%C3%A0+nos+jours&rft.pub=Ellipses&rft.aulast=Lory&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rft.au=Pierre+Thibault&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-2-7298-9653-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-94">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Kersaudy2015"><span class="ouvrage" id="François_Kersaudy2015">François Kersaudy, <cite class="italique">Winston Churchill</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Tallandier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éditions Tallandier">Tallandier</a>, <time>2015</time>, 704 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/979-10-210-0841-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/979-10-210-0841-0"><span class="nowrap">979-10-210-0841-0</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D8KbLBgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPAPT651">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Winston+Churchill&rft.pub=Tallandier&rft.aulast=Kersaudy&rft.aufirst=Fran%C3%A7ois&rft.date=2015&rft.tpages=704&rft.isbn=979-10-210-0841-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-95">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Miard-Delacroix2004"><span class="ouvrage" id="Hélène_Miard-Delacroix2004">Hélène Miard-Delacroix, <cite class="italique">Question nationale allemande et nationalisme : perceptions françaises d'une problématique allemande au début des années cinquante</cite>, Presses Univ. Septentrion, <time>2004</time>, 460 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-85939-862-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-85939-862-0"><span class="nowrap">978-2-85939-862-0</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D_ZYpAkKtOJcC%26pg%3DPA144">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Question+nationale+allemande+et+nationalisme+%3A+perceptions+fran%C3%A7aises+d%27une+probl%C3%A9matique+allemande+au+d%C3%A9but+des+ann%C3%A9es+cinquante&rft.pub=Presses+Univ.+Septentrion&rft.aulast=Miard-Delacroix&rft.aufirst=H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne&rft.date=2004&rft.tpages=460&rft.isbn=978-2-85939-862-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-96">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Bourgoin2015"><span class="ouvrage" id="Stéphane_Bourgoin2015">Stéphane Bourgoin, <cite class="italique">La Bible du crime</cite>, DLM, <time>2015</time>, 459 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-7324-7191-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7324-7191-4"><span class="nowrap">978-2-7324-7191-4</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DbwxACQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA151">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Bible+du+crime&rft.pub=DLM&rft.aulast=Bourgoin&rft.aufirst=St%C3%A9phane&rft.date=2015&rft.tpages=459&rft.isbn=978-2-7324-7191-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bitsch-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bitsch_97-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Bitsch2004"><span class="ouvrage" id="Marie-Thérèse_Bitsch2004">Marie-Thérèse Bitsch, <cite class="italique">Histoire de la Belgique : de l'Antiquité à nos jours</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Complexe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éditions Complexe">Éditions Complexe</a>, <time>2004</time>, 299 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-8048-0023-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-8048-0023-9"><span class="nowrap">978-2-8048-0023-9</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3Dkeh_JJginLwC%26pg%3DPA198">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+de+la+Belgique&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Complexe&rft.stitle=de+l%27Antiquit%C3%A9+%C3%A0+nos+jours&rft.aulast=Bitsch&rft.aufirst=Marie-Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se&rft.date=2004&rft.tpages=299&rft.isbn=978-2-8048-0023-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-98">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Pinault2000"><span class="ouvrage" id="Michel_Pinault2000">Michel Pinault, <cite class="italique">Frédéric Joliot-Curie</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Odile_Jacob?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éditions Odile Jacob">Odile Jacob</a>, <time>2000</time>, 712 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-7381-0812-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7381-0812-8"><span class="nowrap">978-2-7381-0812-8</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DZQF1O1DLvHsC%26pg%3DPA56">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric+Joliot-Curie&rft.pub=Odile+Jacob&rft.aulast=Pinault&rft.aufirst=Michel&rft.date=2000&rft.tpages=712&rft.isbn=978-2-7381-0812-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-99">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Betbèze,_Jean-Dominique_Giuliani2011"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jean-Paul_Betbèze,_Jean-Dominique_Giuliani2011">Jean-Paul Betbèze, Jean-Dominique Giuliani, <cite class="italique">Les 100 mots de l'Europe : « Que sais-je ? » n° 3896</cite>, Presses universitaires de France, <time>2011</time>, 128 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-13-061652-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-13-061652-8"><span class="nowrap">978-2-13-061652-8</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DusQICwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPAPT10">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+100+mots+de+l%27Europe&rft.pub=Presses+universitaires+de+France&rft.stitle=%C2%AB+Que+sais-je+%3F+%C2%BB+n%C2%B0+3896&rft.au=Jean-Paul+Betb%C3%A8ze%2C+Jean-Dominique+Giuliani&rft.date=2011&rft.tpages=128&rft.isbn=978-2-13-061652-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-100">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Le_Hardÿ_de_Beaulieu2012"><span class="ouvrage" id="Louis_Le_Hardÿ_de_Beaulieu2012">Louis Le Hardÿ de Beaulieu, <cite class="italique">L' Union européenne : Introduction à l'étude de l'ordre juridique et des institutions de l'Union</cite>, Presses universitaires de Namur, <time>2012</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-87037-722-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-87037-722-2"><span class="nowrap">978-2-87037-722-2</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3Duf1NG86WsikC%26pg%3DPA13">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27+Union+europ%C3%A9enne+%3A+Introduction+%C3%A0+l%27%C3%A9tude+de+l%27ordre+juridique+et+des+institutions+de+l%27Union&rft.pub=Presses+universitaires+de+Namur&rft.au=Louis+Le+Hard%C3%BF+de+Beaulieu&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-2-87037-722-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-101">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="1963"><cite class="italique">Revue géographique des Pyrénées et du Sud-Ouest</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 34, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Privat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éditions Privat">E. Privat</a>, <time>1963</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DT50NAQAAIAAJ%26dq%3D1950%26pg%3DPA314">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Revue+g%C3%A9ographique+des+Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es+et+du+Sud-Ouest&rft.pub=E.+Privat&rft.date=1963&rft.volume=34&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-102">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://recht.nrw.de/lmi/owa/br_text_anzeigen?v_id%3D2320020927105939563">Verfassung des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-103">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Wassenberg2013"><span class="ouvrage" id="Birte_Wassenberg2013">Birte Wassenberg, <cite class="italique">Histoire du Conseil de l'Europe</cite>, Council of Europe, <time>2013</time>, 260 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-92-871-7831-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-92-871-7831-2"><span class="nowrap">978-92-871-7831-2</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3Dt4pQAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA35">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+du+Conseil+de+l%27Europe&rft.pub=Council+of+Europe&rft.aulast=Wassenberg&rft.aufirst=Birte&rft.date=2013&rft.tpages=260&rft.isbn=978-92-871-7831-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-104">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Theunissen1986"><span class="ouvrage" id="Paul_Theunissen1986">Paul Theunissen, <cite class="italique">1950, le dénouement de la question royale : cinq mois qui ébranlèrent la Belgique</cite>, Complexe, <time>1986</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DQ7lWAAAAYAAJ%26dq%3Dattentats%26pg%3DPA110">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1950%2C+le+d%C3%A9nouement+de+la+question+royale&rft.pub=Complexe&rft.stitle=cinq+mois+qui+%C3%A9branl%C3%A8rent+la+Belgique&rft.aulast=Theunissen&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=1986&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-105">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="StevensTixhon2014"><span class="ouvrage" id="Fred_StevensAxel_Tixhon2014">Fred Stevens et Axel Tixhon, <cite class="italique">L'Histoire de la Belgique</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 2, EDI8, <time>2014</time>, 226 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-7540-7000-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7540-7000-3"><span class="nowrap">978-2-7540-7000-3</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D8okBBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPAPT165">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27Histoire+de+la+Belgique&rft.pub=EDI8&rft.aulast=Stevens&rft.aufirst=Fred&rft.au=Axel+Tixhon&rft.date=2014&rft.volume=2&rft.tpages=226&rft.isbn=978-2-7540-7000-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-106">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Minois1991"><span class="ouvrage" id="Georges_Minois1991">Georges Minois, <cite class="italique">L'Eglise et la science : Histoire d'un malentendu. De Galilée à Jean-Paul II</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Librairie_Arth%C3%A8me_Fayard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Librairie Arthème Fayard">Fayard</a>, <time>1991</time>, 536 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-213-64849-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-213-64849-1"><span class="nowrap">978-2-213-64849-1</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DtFEYuEc-D2sC%26pg%3DPAPT221">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27Eglise+et+la+science+%3A+Histoire+d%27un+malentendu.+De+Galil%C3%A9e+%C3%A0+Jean-Paul+II&rft.pub=Fayard&rft.aulast=Minois&rft.aufirst=Georges&rft.date=1991&rft.tpages=536&rft.isbn=978-2-213-64849-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-107">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Herman_Hansen1992"><span class="ouvrage" id="Mogens_Herman_Hansen1992">Mogens Herman Hansen, <cite class="italique">Hvad er en politiker og hvem er politikere? : et essay om politikerbegrebet i dagens Danmark</cite>, Kgl. Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, <time>1992</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-87-7304-237-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-87-7304-237-3"><span class="nowrap">978-87-7304-237-3</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DoyfEqf7wf-MC%26pg%3DPA36">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hvad+er+en+politiker+og+hvem+er+politikere%3F+%3A+et+essay+om+politikerbegrebet+i+dagens+Danmark&rft.pub=Kgl.+Danske+Videnskabernes+Selskab&rft.au=Mogens+Herman+Hansen&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-87-7304-237-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-108">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Lentz2014"><span class="ouvrage" id="Harris_M._Lentz2014">Harris M. Lentz, <cite class="italique">Heads of States and Governments Since 1945</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Routledge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>, <time>2014</time>, 912 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-134-26497-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-134-26497-1"><span class="nowrap">978-1-134-26497-1</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DRwfKAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA1292">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Heads+of+States+and+Governments+Since+1945&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.aulast=Lentz&rft.aufirst=Harris+M.&rft.date=2014&rft.tpages=912&rft.isbn=978-1-134-26497-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-109">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Leboutte2008"><span class="ouvrage" id="René_Leboutte2008">René Leboutte, <cite class="italique">Histoire économique et sociale de la construction européenne</cite>, Bruxelles, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peter_Lang_(maison_d%27%C3%A9dition)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Peter Lang (maison d'édition)">Peter Lang</a>, <time>2008</time>, 711 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-90-5201-371-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-90-5201-371-8"><span class="nowrap">978-90-5201-371-8</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DNI1DG7phrjYC%26pg%3DPA204">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+%C3%A9conomique+et+sociale+de+la+construction+europ%C3%A9enne&rft.place=Bruxelles&rft.pub=Peter+Lang&rft.aulast=Leboutte&rft.aufirst=Ren%C3%A9&rft.date=2008&rft.tpages=711&rft.isbn=978-90-5201-371-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-110">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jonas1985"><span class="ouvrage" id="Manfred_Jonas1985">Manfred Jonas, <cite class="italique">The United States and Germany : A Diplomatic History</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cornell_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cornell University Press">Cornell University Press</a>, <time>1985</time>, 336 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-8014-9890-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-8014-9890-9"><span class="nowrap">978-0-8014-9890-9</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DMSLgiCvfKXQC%26pg%3DPA290">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+United+States+and+Germany&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.stitle=A+Diplomatic+History&rft.aulast=Jonas&rft.aufirst=Manfred&rft.date=1985&rft.tpages=336&rft.isbn=978-0-8014-9890-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Zorgbibe-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Zorgbibe_111-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Zorgbibe_111-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Zorgbibe2002"><span class="ouvrage" id="Charles_Zorgbibe2002">Charles Zorgbibe, <cite class="italique">Histoire de l'OTAN</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Complexe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éditions Complexe">Éditions Complexe</a>, <time>2002</time>, 283 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-87027-917-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-87027-917-5"><span class="nowrap">978-2-87027-917-5</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DTwwbUUiew-oC%26pg%3DPA265">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+de+l%27OTAN&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Complexe&rft.aulast=Zorgbibe&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.date=2002&rft.tpages=283&rft.isbn=978-2-87027-917-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-112">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Nordmann1986"><span class="ouvrage" id="Claude_Nordmann1986">Claude Nordmann, <cite class="italique">Gustave III : un démocrate couronné</cite>, Presses Univ. Septentrion, <time>1986</time>, 307 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-85939-272-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-85939-272-7"><span class="nowrap">978-2-85939-272-7</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DmZixisqq5hsC%26pg%3DPA152">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gustave+III&rft.pub=Presses+Univ.+Septentrion&rft.stitle=un+d%C3%A9mocrate+couronn%C3%A9&rft.aulast=Nordmann&rft.aufirst=Claude&rft.date=1986&rft.tpages=307&rft.isbn=978-2-85939-272-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-113">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Sesboüé2012"><span class="ouvrage" id="Bernard_Sesboüé2012">Bernard Sesboüé, <cite class="italique">Les signes du Salut : Histoire des dogmes -</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fleurus_(maison_d%27%C3%A9dition)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fleurus (maison d'édition)">Fleurus</a>, <time>2012</time>, 670 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-7189-0731-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7189-0731-4"><span class="nowrap">978-2-7189-0731-4</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DLqjNAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA607">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+signes+du+Salut&rft.pub=Fleurus&rft.stitle=Histoire+des+dogmes+-&rft.aulast=Sesbo%C3%BC%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rft.date=2012&rft.tpages=670&rft.isbn=978-2-7189-0731-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-114">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="GomienHarrisZwaak1996"><span class="ouvrage" id="Donna_GomienDavid_HarrisLeo_Zwaak1996">Donna Gomien, David Harris et Leo Zwaak, <cite class="italique">Convention européenne des droits de l'homme et Charte sociale européenne : droit et pratique</cite>, Council of Europe, <time>1996</time>, 479 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-92-871-2955-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-92-871-2955-0"><span class="nowrap">978-92-871-2955-0</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D-VqJ4RR0TkMC%26pg%3DPA21">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Convention+europ%C3%A9enne+des+droits+de+l%27homme+et+Charte+sociale+europ%C3%A9enne&rft.pub=Council+of+Europe&rft.stitle=droit+et+pratique&rft.aulast=Gomien&rft.aufirst=Donna&rft.au=David+Harris&rft.au=Leo+Zwaak&rft.date=1996&rft.tpages=479&rft.isbn=978-92-871-2955-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-115">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2013"><cite class="italique">José Cubero</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> Les Républicains espagnols, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Cairn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éditions Cairn">Éditions Cairn</a>, <time>2013</time>, 368 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-35068-348-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-35068-348-5"><span class="nowrap">978-2-35068-348-5</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DhUAPCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPAPT347">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jos%C3%A9+Cubero&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Cairn&rft.date=2013&rft.volume=Les+R%C3%A9publicains+espagnols&rft.tpages=368&rft.isbn=978-2-35068-348-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-116">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="1950">« <cite style="font-style:normal">Aux Açores, la terre tremble</cite> », <i>Journal de Genève</i>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="1950-12-30" data-sort-value="1950-12-30">30 décembre 1950</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 12 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.letempsarchives.ch/page/JDG_1950_12_30/12">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Aux+A%C3%A7ores%2C+la+terre+tremble&rft.jtitle=Journal+de+Gen%C3%A8ve&rft.date=1950-12-30&rft.pages=12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1950"></span></span></span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950&action=edit&section=14&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r194021218">.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>.titre{text-align:center;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li{list-style:none;margin:0.2em 0;text-indent:0;padding-left:24px;min-height:20px;text-align:left;display:block}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li>a{font-style:italic}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .autres-projets{float:none}}</style> <div class="autres-projets boite-grise boite-a-droite noprint js-interprojets"> <p class="titre">Sur les autres projets Wikimedia :</p> <ul class="noarchive plainlinks"> <li class="commons"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:1950?uselang%3Dfr">1950</a>, sur <span class="project">Wikimedia Commons</span></li> <li class="wikisource"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Cat%25C3%25A9gorie:1950" class="extiw" title="s:Catégorie:1950">1950</a>, <span class="nowrap">sur <span class="project">Wikisource</span></span></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950&action=edit&section=15&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Années 1950">Années 1950</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/XXe_si%C3%A8cle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="XXe siècle"><abbr class="abbr" title="20ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guerre_froide?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guerre froide">Guerre froide</a> - <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chronologie_de_la_guerre_froide?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chronologie de la guerre froide">Chronologie de la guerre froide</a></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950&action=edit&section=16&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://data.bnf.fr/date/1950/">L’année 1950</a> sur le site de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">Bibliothèque nationale de France</a></li> </ul> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:%C3%89poque_contemporaine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail du monde contemporain"> <noscript> <img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Hannover_Gehry-Tower.jpg/18px-Hannover_Gehry-Tower.jpg" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 18px;height: 24px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Hannover_Gehry-Tower.jpg/18px-Hannover_Gehry-Tower.jpg" data-alt="icône décorative" data-width="18" data-height="24" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Hannover_Gehry-Tower.jpg/27px-Hannover_Gehry-Tower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Hannover_Gehry-Tower.jpg/36px-Hannover_Gehry-Tower.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:%C3%89poque_contemporaine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail:Époque contemporaine">Portail du monde contemporain</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:XXe_si%C3%A8cle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail du XXe siècle"> <noscript> <img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Concorde_on_Bristol.jpg/22px-Concorde_on_Bristol.jpg" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="535" data-file-height="535"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 22px;height: 22px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Concorde_on_Bristol.jpg/22px-Concorde_on_Bristol.jpg" data-alt="icône décorative" data-width="22" data-height="22" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Concorde_on_Bristol.jpg/33px-Concorde_on_Bristol.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Concorde_on_Bristol.jpg/44px-Concorde_on_Bristol.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:XXe_si%C3%A8cle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail:XXe siècle">Portail du <abbr class="abbr" title="20ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Ann%C3%A9es_1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail des années 1950"> <noscript> <img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Habs_un_headquarters.jpg/15px-Habs_un_headquarters.jpg" decoding="async" width="15" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2690" data-file-height="4307"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 15px;height: 24px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Habs_un_headquarters.jpg/15px-Habs_un_headquarters.jpg" data-alt="icône décorative" data-width="15" data-height="24" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Habs_un_headquarters.jpg/22px-Habs_un_headquarters.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Habs_un_headquarters.jpg/30px-Habs_un_headquarters.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Ann%C3%A9es_1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail:Années 1950">Portail des années 1950</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Guerre_froide?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail de la guerre froide"> <noscript> <img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Coldwar.png/35px-Coldwar.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1006" data-file-height="686"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 35px;height: 24px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Coldwar.png/35px-Coldwar.png" data-alt="icône décorative" data-width="35" data-height="24" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Coldwar.png/53px-Coldwar.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Coldwar.png/71px-Coldwar.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Guerre_froide?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail:Guerre froide">Portail de la guerre froide</a></span> </span></li> </ul><!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐5d7b8865c6‐gthsm Cached time: 20250217195203 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.940 seconds Real time usage: 1.505 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 15304/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 505158/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 96000/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 25/100 Expensive parser function count: 48/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 184128/5000000 bytes 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </section> </div><!-- MobileFormatter took 0.038 seconds --><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --> <noscript> <img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Ce document provient de « <a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3D1950%26oldid%3D218077457">https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1950&oldid=218077457</a> ». </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1950&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Piku" data-user-gender="male" data-timestamp="1724751999"> <span>Dernière modification le 27 août 2024, à 10:46</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Langues</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – abkhaze" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abkhaze" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – alémanique" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alémanique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-alt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_%25D1%2598%25D1%258B%25D0%25BB" title="1950 јыл – altaï du Sud" lang="alt" hreflang="alt" data-title="1950 јыл" data-language-autonym="Алтай тил" data-language-local-name="altaï du Sud" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Алтай тил</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_%25E1%258A%25A5.%25E1%258A%25A4.%25E1%258A%25A0." title="1950 እ.ኤ.አ. – amharique" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="1950 እ.ኤ.አ." data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – aragonais" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – arabe marocain" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabe marocain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – arabe égyptien" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabe égyptien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – asturien" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_%25D1%2581%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD" title="1950 сон – avar" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="1950 сон" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DB%25B1%25DB%25B9%25DB%25B5%25DB%25B0_(%25D9%2585%25DB%258C%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AF%25DB%258C)" title="۱۹۵۰ (میلادی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۱۹۵۰ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_%25D0%25B9%25D1%258B%25D0%25BB" title="1950 йыл – bachkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="1950 йыл" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bachkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – balinais" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – bavarois" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bavarois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – samogitien" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A7%25A7%25E0%25A7%25AF%25E0%25A7%25AB%25E0%25A7%25A6" title="১৯৫০ – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="১৯৫০" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25AE%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A6%25BF_%25E0%25A7%25A7%25E0%25A7%25AF%25E0%25A7%25AB%25E0%25A7%25A6" title="মারি ১৯৫০ – bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মারি ১৯৫০" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950." title="1950. – bosniaque" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1950." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_ni%25C3%25A8ng" title="1950 nièng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1950 nièng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_%25D1%2588%25D0%25BE" title="1950 шо – tchétchène" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="1950 шо" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tchétchène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%25A1%25D9%25A9%25D9%25A5%25D9%25A0" title="١٩٥٠ – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="١٩٥٠" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – tatar de Crimée" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="tatar de Crimée" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – kachoube" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="kachoube" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – tchouvache" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tchouvache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – gallois" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – bas-sorabe" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="bas-sorabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DB%25B1%25DB%25B9%25DB%25B5%25DB%25B0" title="۱۹۵۰ – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="۱۹۵۰" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – féroïen" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="féroïen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – francoprovençal" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="francoprovençal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – frison septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frison septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – frioulan" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="frioulan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – frison occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frison occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – gagaouze" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="gagaouze" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950%25E5%25B9%25B4" title="1950年 – gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1950年" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – créole guyanais" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="créole guyanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – gaélique écossais" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaélique écossais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – mannois" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mannois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950-ngi%25C3%25A8n" title="1950-ngièn – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="1950-ngièn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A5%25A7%25E0%25A5%25AF%25E0%25A5%25AB%25E0%25A5%25A6" title="१९५० – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="१९५०" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – hindi fidjien" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi fidjien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950." title="1950. – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="1950." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – haut-sorabe" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="haut-sorabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_(almanak_gregoryen)" title="1950 (almanak gregoryen) – créole haïtien" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="1950 (almanak gregoryen)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="créole haïtien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_%25D5%25A9%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25A1%25D5%25AF%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B6" title="1950 թուական – arménien occidental" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="1950 թուական" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="arménien occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – islandais" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950%25E5%25B9%25B4" title="1950年 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1950年" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950moi" title="1950moi – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="1950moi" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – javanais" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_%25D0%25B6%25D1%258B%25D0%25BB" title="1950 жыл – kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="1950 жыл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B3%25A7%25E0%25B3%25AF%25E0%25B3%25AB%25E0%25B3%25A6" title="೧೯೫೦ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="೧೯೫೦" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950%25EB%2585%2584" title="1950년 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1950년" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B6%25D1%258B%25D0%25BB" title="1950 джыл – karatchaï balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="1950 джыл" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karatchaï balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joohr_1950" title="Joohr 1950 – kölsch" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Joohr 1950" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="kölsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – kurde" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurde" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950-%25D3%25A7%25D0%25B4_%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE" title="1950-ӧд во – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="1950-ӧд во" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – cornique" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – kirghize" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghize" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – luxembourgeois" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxembourgeois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_%25D0%25B9%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581" title="1950 йис – lezghien" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="1950 йис" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezghien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – limbourgeois" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limbourgeois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – ligure" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligure" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_m." title="1950 m. – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="1950 m." data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950._gads" title="1950. gads – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1950. gads" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A5%25A7%25E0%25A5%25AF%25E0%25A5%25AB%25E0%25A5%25A6" title="१९५० – maïthili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="१९५०" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maïthili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – mokcha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mokcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – malgache" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD" title="1950 он – mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="1950 он" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2587.%25E0%25A4%25B8._%25E0%25A5%25A7%25E0%25A5%25AF%25E0%25A5%25AB%25E0%25A5%25A6" title="इ.स. १९५० – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स. १९५०" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_%25D0%25B8" title="1950 и – mari occidental" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="1950 и" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="mari occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2581%2581%25E1%2581%2589%25E1%2581%2585%25E1%2581%2580" title="၁၉၅၀ – birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၁၉၅၀" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B5" title="1950 ие – erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="1950 ие" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DB%25B1%25DB%25B9%25DB%25B5%25DB%25B0" title="۱۹۵۰ – mazandérani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="۱۹۵۰" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandérani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – napolitain" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolitain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – bas-allemand" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="bas-allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – bas-saxon néerlandais" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="bas-saxon néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2588_%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%2582_%25E0%25A5%25A7%25E0%25A5%25AF%25E0%25A5%25AB%25E0%25A5%25A6" title="ई सं १९५० – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ई सं १९५०" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – sotho du Nord" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="sotho du Nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AD%25A7%25E0%25AD%25AF%25E0%25AD%25AB%25E0%25AD%25A6" title="୧୯୫୦ – odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="୧୯୫୦" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950-%25C3%25A6%25D0%25BC_%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B7" title="1950-æм аз – ossète" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1950-æм аз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossète" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – pendjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pendjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – pampangan" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampangan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – pennsilfaanisch" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="pennsilfaanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A5%25A7%25E0%25A5%25AF%25E0%25A5%25AB%25E0%25A5%25A6" title="१९५० – pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="१९५०" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B4" title="1950 год – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1950 год" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – ruthène" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruthène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – iakoute" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iakoute" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – sarde" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sarde" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – sicilien" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950%25D8%25B9" title="1950ع – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="1950ع" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – same du Nord" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="same du Nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950." title="1950. – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1950." data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – cingalais" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="cingalais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – same d’Inari" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="same d’Inari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – saterlandais" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – soundanais" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="soundanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – silésien" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="silésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – tamoul" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamoul" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – télougou" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="télougou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – tétoum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="tétoum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8_1950" title="Соли 1950 – tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Соли 1950" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%259E.%25E0%25B8%25A8._2493" title="พ.ศ. 2493 – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พ.ศ. 2493" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – turkmène" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – tok pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tok pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB" title="1950 ел – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1950 ел" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – tahitien" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="tahitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580" title="1950 ар – oudmourte" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="1950 ар" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="oudmourte" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_-_%25D9%258A%25D9%2589%25D9%2584%25D9%2589" title="1950 - يىلى – ouïghour" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="1950 - يىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ouïghour" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950%25D8%25A1" title="1950ء – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1950ء" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – vénitien" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="vénitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – flamand occidental" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="flamand occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – wallon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="wallon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – mingrélien" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrélien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_nienz" title="1950 nienz – zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="1950 nienz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950 – zélandais" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="1950" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="zélandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950%25E5%25B9%25B4" title="1950年 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1950年" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E4%25B8%2580%25E4%25B9%259D%25E4%25BA%2594%25E3%2580%2587%25E5%25B9%25B4" title="一九五〇年 – chinois littéraire" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="一九五〇年" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="chinois littéraire" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_n%25C3%25AE" title="1950 nî – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1950 nî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950%25E5%25B9%25B4" title="1950年 – cantonais" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1950年" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-fr.svg" alt="Wikipédia" width="119" height="18" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1.125em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 27 août 2024 à 10:46.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Le 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