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<span>Toggle Origin and canonical significance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Origin_and_canonical_significance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Samaritan_traditions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Samaritan_traditions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Samaritan traditions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Samaritan_traditions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scholarly_perspective" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scholarly_perspective"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Scholarly perspective</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scholarly_perspective-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comparison_with_other_versions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comparison_with_other_versions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Comparison with other versions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Comparison_with_other_versions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Comparison with other versions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Comparison_with_other_versions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Comparison_with_the_Masoretic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comparison_with_the_Masoretic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Comparison with the Masoretic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comparison_with_the_Masoretic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comparison_with_the_Septuagint_and_Latin_Vulgate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comparison_with_the_Septuagint_and_Latin_Vulgate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Comparison with the Septuagint and Latin Vulgate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comparison_with_the_Septuagint_and_Latin_Vulgate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Evaluations_of_its_relevance_for_textual_criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evaluations_of_its_relevance_for_textual_criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Evaluations of its relevance for textual criticism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Evaluations_of_its_relevance_for_textual_criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Derivative_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Derivative_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Derivative works</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Derivative_works-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Derivative works subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Derivative_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Translations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Translations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Translations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Translations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exegetical_and_liturgical_texts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exegetical_and_liturgical_texts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Exegetical and liturgical texts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exegetical_and_liturgical_texts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manuscripts_and_printed_editions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manuscripts_and_printed_editions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Manuscripts and printed editions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Manuscripts_and_printed_editions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Manuscripts and printed editions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Manuscripts_and_printed_editions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Manuscripts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manuscripts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Manuscripts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manuscripts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Abisha_Scroll" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abisha_Scroll"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>Abisha Scroll</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abisha_Scroll-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Western_scholarship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Western_scholarship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Western scholarship</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Western_scholarship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Modern publications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Samaritan Pentateuch</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 29 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A9_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="توراة سامرية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="توراة سامرية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentateuc_samarit%C3%A0" title="Pentateuc samarità – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pentateuc samarità" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%C4%95%D0%BA_%D0%BA%C4%95%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Самарянсен Пиллĕк кĕнеки – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Самарянсен Пиллĕк кĕнеки" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samarit%C3%A1nsk%C3%BD_Pentateuch" title="Samaritánský Pentateuch – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Samaritánský Pentateuch" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samaritanischer_Pentateuch" title="Samaritanischer Pentateuch – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Samaritanischer Pentateuch" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%AF%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1_%CE%A0%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%85%CF%87%CE%BF" title="Σαμαρείτισσα Πεντάτευχο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σαμαρείτισσα Πεντάτευχο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentateuco_samaritano" title="Pentateuco samaritano – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pentateuco samaritano" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentate%C5%ADko_de_Samarianoj" title="Pentateŭko de Samarianoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pentateŭko de Samarianoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%AC%E2%80%8C%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="پنج‌گانه سامری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پنج‌گانه سامری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentateuque_samaritain" title="Pentateuque samaritain – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pentateuque samaritain" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EB%A7%88%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_%EC%98%A4%EA%B2%BD" title="사마리아 오경 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="사마리아 오경" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samaritansko_petoknji%C5%BEje" title="Samaritansko petoknjižje – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Samaritansko petoknjižje" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taurat_Samaria" title="Taurat Samaria – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Taurat Samaria" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentateuco_samaritano" title="Pentateuco samaritano – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pentateuco samaritano" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%97_%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9F" title="נוסח שומרון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נוסח שומרון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baiboly_samaritana" title="Baiboly samaritana – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Baiboly samaritana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%87" title="توراه سامريه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="توراه سامريه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samaritaanse_Pentateuch" title="Samaritaanse Pentateuch – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Samaritaanse Pentateuch" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E4%BA%94%E6%9B%B8" title="サマリア五書 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="サマリア五書" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="سامری تورات – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سامری تورات" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi%C4%99cioksi%C4%85g_samaryta%C5%84ski" title="Pięcioksiąg samarytański – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pięcioksiąg samarytański" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentateuco_samaritano" title="Pentateuco samaritano – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pentateuco samaritano" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%9F%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Самаритянское Пятикнижие – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Самаритянское Пятикнижие" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="سامری تورات – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="سامری تورات" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samaritan_Pentateuch" title="Samaritan Pentateuch – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Samaritan Pentateuch" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentateukong_Samaritano" title="Pentateukong Samaritano – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pentateukong Samaritano" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%9F%27%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B6%D1%8F" title="Самаритянське П'ятикнижжя – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Самаритянське П'ятикнижжя" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Samaritan version of the Torah</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Pentateuch_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Pentateuch (disambiguation)">Pentateuch (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Samaritan_High_Priest_and_Old_Pentateuch,_1905.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Samaritan_High_Priest_and_Old_Pentateuch%2C_1905.png/260px-Samaritan_High_Priest_and_Old_Pentateuch%2C_1905.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Samaritan_High_Priest_and_Old_Pentateuch%2C_1905.png/390px-Samaritan_High_Priest_and_Old_Pentateuch%2C_1905.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Samaritan_High_Priest_and_Old_Pentateuch%2C_1905.png/520px-Samaritan_High_Priest_and_Old_Pentateuch%2C_1905.png 2x" data-file-width="2596" data-file-height="2596" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_High_Priest" title="Samaritan High Priest">Samaritan High Priest</a> and Abisha Scroll, 1905</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist" style="width:auto"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Samaritans" title="Category:Samaritans">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:150%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Samaritanism" title="Samaritanism">Samaritanism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shma_yisrael.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Shma_yisrael.png/70px-Shma_yisrael.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Shma_yisrael.png/105px-Shma_yisrael.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Shma_yisrael.png/140px-Shma_yisrael.png 2x" data-file-width="449" data-file-height="742" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding:0.2em 0.5em;background:lightblue;font-size:100%;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Revered figures</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraahm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac">Yesaahq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Yaaqob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_(Genesis)" title="Joseph (Genesis)">Yoosef</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Mooshe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron" title="Aaron">Aahrron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua" title="Joshua">Ye'oosha</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding:0.2em 0.5em;background:lightblue;font-size:100%;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Samaritanism#Religious_texts" title="Samaritanism">Scriptures and writings</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <dl><dt>Religious scripture</dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Samaritan Torah</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt>Historical writings</dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Joshua_(Samaritan)" title="Book of Joshua (Samaritan)">Book of Joshua</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tolidah" title="Tolidah">Tolidah</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt>Hagiographical texts</dt></dl> <ul><li><i>The Hillukh</i></li> <li><i>Kitab at-Tabbah</i><br /></li> <li><i>Kitab al-Kafi</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Asatir" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Asatir">Al-Asatir</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding:0.2em 0.5em;background:lightblue;font-size:100%;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Practices</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_sacrifice" title="Animal sacrifice">Animal sacrifice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_drink_prohibitions" title="Food and drink prohibitions">Dietary Kashrut laws</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritanism#Festivals_and_observances" title="Samaritanism">Holy days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counting_of_the_Omer" title="Counting of the Omer">Counting of the Omer</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohen" title="Kohen">Priesthood</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_High_Priest" title="Samaritan High Priest">Samaritan High Priest</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding:0.2em 0.5em;background:lightblue;font-size:100%;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Related religious groups</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Bible" title="Category:Bible">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Malmesbury Bible"><img alt="The Malmesbury Bible" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/180px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/270px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/360px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1993" data-file-height="1300" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">Canons</a> and books</li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist nowrap"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Tanakh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevi%27im" title="Nevi'im">Nevi'im</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketuvim" title="Ketuvim">Ketuvim</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist nowrap"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament (OT)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament (NT)</a></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deuterocanonical_books" title="Deuterocanonical books">Deuterocanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antilegomena" title="Antilegomena">Antilegomena</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chapters_and_verses_of_the_Bible" title="Chapters and verses of the Bible">Chapters and verses</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist nowrap"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_apocrypha" title="Biblical apocrypha">Apocrypha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_apocrypha" title="Jewish apocrypha">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_apocrypha" title="Biblical apocrypha">OT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_apocrypha" title="New Testament apocrypha">NT</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_the_Bible" title="Authorship of the Bible">Authorship</a> and development</li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_the_Bible" title="Authorship of the Bible">Authorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dating_the_Bible" title="Dating the Bible">Dating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_Hebrew_Bible_canon" title="Development of the Hebrew Bible canon">Hebrew canon</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_Old_Testament_canon" title="Development of the Old Testament canon">Old Testament canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_New_Testament_canon" title="Development of the New Testament canon">New Testament canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Composition_of_the_Torah" title="Composition of the Torah">Composition of the Torah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosaic_authorship" title="Mosaic authorship">Mosaic authorship</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_the_Pauline_epistles" title="Authorship of the Pauline epistles">Pauline epistles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_the_Petrine_epistles" title="Authorship of the Petrine epistles">Petrine epistles</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_the_Johannine_works" title="Authorship of the Johannine works">Johannine works</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bible_translations" title="Bible translations">Translations</a> and <a href="/wiki/Biblical_manuscript" title="Biblical manuscript">manuscripts</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea_Scrolls" title="Dead Sea Scrolls">Dead Sea scrolls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masoretic_Text" title="Masoretic Text">Masoretic Text</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Samaritan Pentateuch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Targum" title="Targum">Targumim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peshitta" title="Peshitta">Peshitta</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vetus_Latina" title="Vetus Latina">Vetus Latina</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Vulgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_Bible" title="Gothic Bible">Gothic Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luther_Bible" title="Luther Bible">Luther Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bible_translations_into_English" title="Bible translations into English">English Bibles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bible_translations_by_language" title="List of Bible translations by language">by language</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Biblical_studies" title="Biblical studies">Biblical studies</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_archaeology" title="Biblical archaeology">Archeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_inscriptions_in_biblical_archaeology" title="List of inscriptions in biblical archaeology">Artifacts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dating_the_Bible" title="Dating the Bible">Dating</a></li> <li><br /><a href="/wiki/Historicity_of_the_Bible" title="Historicity of the Bible">Historicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_consistency_of_the_Bible" title="Internal consistency of the Bible">Internal consistency</a></li> <li><br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_biblical_figures_identified_in_extra-biblical_sources" title="List of biblical figures identified in extra-biblical sources">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_biblical_places" title="List of biblical places">Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_biblical_names" title="List of biblical names">Names</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Biblia_Hebraica_Stuttgartensia" title="Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia">Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Rahlfs%27_edition_of_the_Septuagint" title="Alfred Rahlfs' edition of the Septuagint">Rahlfs' Septuagint</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Novum_Testamentum_Graece" title="Novum Testamentum Graece">Novum Testamentum Graece</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Documentary_hypothesis" title="Documentary hypothesis">Documentary hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synoptic_Gospels#The_synoptic_problem" title="Synoptic Gospels">Synoptic problem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Categories_of_New_Testament_manuscripts" title="Categories of New Testament manuscripts">NT textual categories</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Biblical_criticism" title="Biblical criticism">Biblical criticism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historical_criticism" title="Historical criticism">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textual_criticism" title="Textual criticism">Textual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Source_criticism_(biblical_studies)" title="Source criticism (biblical studies)">Source</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Form_criticism" title="Form criticism">Form</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redaction_criticism" title="Redaction criticism">Redaction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_criticism" title="Canonical criticism">Canonical</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Interpretation</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_hermeneutics" title="Biblical hermeneutics">Hermeneutics</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist nowrap"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pesher" title="Pesher">Pesher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midrash" title="Midrash">Midrash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pardes_(exegesis)" title="Pardes (exegesis)">Pardes</a></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allegorical_interpretation_of_the_Bible" title="Allegorical interpretation of the Bible">Allegorical interpretation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical-grammatical_method" title="Historical-grammatical method">Historical-grammatical method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_inspiration" title="Biblical inspiration">Inspiration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_literalism" title="Biblical literalism">Literalism</a></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_in_the_Bible" title="Alcohol in the Bible">Alcohol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bible_conspiracy_theory" title="Bible conspiracy theory">Conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethics_in_the_Bible" title="Ethics in the Bible">Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_the_Bible" title="Capital punishment in the Bible">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bible_and_homosexuality" title="The Bible and homosexuality">Homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bible_and_humor" title="The Bible and humor">Humor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incest_in_the_Bible" title="Incest in the Bible">Incest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_and_the_Bible" title="Muhammad and the Bible">Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bible_prophecy" title="Bible prophecy">Prophecy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape_in_the_Hebrew_Bible" title="Rape in the Hebrew Bible">Rape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serpents_in_the_Bible" title="Serpents in the Bible">Serpents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_in_the_Hebrew_Bible" title="Sex in the Hebrew Bible">Sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bible_and_slavery" title="The Bible and slavery">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bible_and_violence" title="The Bible and violence">Violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_the_Hebrew_Bible" title="War in the Hebrew Bible">Warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Bible" title="Women in the Bible">Women</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Perspectives</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism">Gnostic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_view_of_the_Bible" title="Islamic view of the Bible">Islamic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_narratives_in_the_Quran" title="Biblical narratives in the Quran">Quranic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_inerrancy" title="Biblical inerrancy">Inerrancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_infallibility" title="Biblical infallibility">Infallibility</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_Bible" title="Criticism of the Bible">Criticism of the Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_authority" title="Biblical authority">Biblical authority</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Bible-related_topics" title="Outline of Bible-related topics">Outline of Bible-related topics</a><br /><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/32px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/48px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/64px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1993" data-file-height="1300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Bible" title="Portal:Bible">Bible portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bible_sidebar" title="Template:Bible sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bible_sidebar" title="Template talk:Bible sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bible_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bible sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Samaritan Pentateuch</b>, also called the <b>Samaritan Torah</b> (<a href="/wiki/Samaritan_Hebrew" title="Samaritan Hebrew">Samaritan Hebrew</a>: <span title="Samaritan Hebrew-language text"><span lang="smp"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r866777279">.mw-parser-output .script-samaritan{font-family:"Noto Sans Samaritan","Hebrew Samaritan","Everson Mono",EversonMono,Unifont,Quivira,sans-serif;direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:bidi-override}</style><span dir="rtl" class="script-samaritan">‮ࠕࠦ‎‎‬ࠅࠓࠡࠄ</span>‎</span></span>, <span title="Samaritan Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="smp-Latn">Tūrā</i></span>), is the <a href="/wiki/Religious_text" title="Religious text">sacred scripture</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Samaritans" title="Samaritans">Samaritans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Florentin_2013_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Florentin_2013-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Written in the <a href="/wiki/Samaritan_script" title="Samaritan script">Samaritan script</a>, it dates back to one of the ancient versions of the <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a> that existed during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Temple_period" title="Second Temple period">Second Temple period</a>. It constitutes the entire <a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">biblical canon</a> in <a href="/wiki/Samaritanism" title="Samaritanism">Samaritanism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Florentin_2013_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Florentin_2013-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some six thousand differences exist between the Samaritan and the <a href="/wiki/Masoretic_Text" title="Masoretic Text">Jewish Masoretic Text</a>. Most are minor variations in the spelling of words or <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_construction" title="Grammatical construction">grammatical constructions</a>, but others involve significant <a href="/wiki/Semantic" class="mw-redirect" title="Semantic">semantic</a> changes, such as the uniquely Samaritan commandment to construct an altar on <a href="/wiki/Mount_Gerizim" title="Mount Gerizim">Mount Gerizim</a>. Nearly two thousand of these textual variations agree with the <a href="/wiki/Koine_Greek" title="Koine Greek">Koine Greek</a> <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a> and some are shared with the <a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Latin Vulgate</a>. Throughout their history, Samaritans have used translations of the Samaritan Pentateuch into <a href="/wiki/Aramaic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Aramaic language">Aramaic</a>, Greek, and <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Liturgy" title="Liturgy">liturgical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Exegesis" title="Exegesis">exegetical</a> works based upon it. </p><p>It first became known to the Western world in 1631, proving the first example of the <a href="/wiki/Samaritan_script" title="Samaritan script">Samaritan alphabet</a> and sparking an intense theological debate regarding its relative age versus the Masoretic Text.<sup id="cite_ref-Florentin_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Florentin-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This first published copy, much later labelled as Codex B by <a href="/w/index.php?title=August_von_Gall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="August von Gall (page does not exist)">August von Gall</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_von_Gall" class="extiw" title="de:August von Gall">de</a>]</span>, became the source of most Western <a href="/wiki/Textual_criticism" title="Textual criticism">critical editions</a> of the Samaritan Pentateuch until the latter half of the 20th century; today the codex is held in the <a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">Bibliothèque nationale de France</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndersonGiles2012150_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndersonGiles2012150-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some Pentateuchal manuscripts discovered among the <a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea_Scrolls" title="Dead Sea Scrolls">Dead Sea Scrolls</a> have been identified as bearing a "pre-Samaritan" text type.<sup id="cite_ref-McDonald_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McDonald-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin_and_canonical_significance">Origin and canonical significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samaritan_Pentateuch&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origin and canonical significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Samaritan_traditions">Samaritan traditions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samaritan_Pentateuch&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Samaritan traditions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shomroni_tora2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Shomroni_tora2.jpg/220px-Shomroni_tora2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Shomroni_tora2.jpg/330px-Shomroni_tora2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Shomroni_tora2.jpg/440px-Shomroni_tora2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="682" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Samaritans" title="Samaritans">Samaritan</a> and the Samaritan Torah</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Samaritan%27s_niche_from_a_house_in_Damascus,_Syria._15th-16th_century_CE._Islamic_Art_Museum_(Museum_f%C3%BCr_Islamische_Kunst),_Berlin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Samaritan%27s_niche_from_a_house_in_Damascus%2C_Syria._15th-16th_century_CE._Islamic_Art_Museum_%28Museum_f%C3%BCr_Islamische_Kunst%29%2C_Berlin.jpg/220px-Samaritan%27s_niche_from_a_house_in_Damascus%2C_Syria._15th-16th_century_CE._Islamic_Art_Museum_%28Museum_f%C3%BCr_Islamische_Kunst%29%2C_Berlin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Samaritan%27s_niche_from_a_house_in_Damascus%2C_Syria._15th-16th_century_CE._Islamic_Art_Museum_%28Museum_f%C3%BCr_Islamische_Kunst%29%2C_Berlin.jpg/330px-Samaritan%27s_niche_from_a_house_in_Damascus%2C_Syria._15th-16th_century_CE._Islamic_Art_Museum_%28Museum_f%C3%BCr_Islamische_Kunst%29%2C_Berlin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Samaritan%27s_niche_from_a_house_in_Damascus%2C_Syria._15th-16th_century_CE._Islamic_Art_Museum_%28Museum_f%C3%BCr_Islamische_Kunst%29%2C_Berlin.jpg/440px-Samaritan%27s_niche_from_a_house_in_Damascus%2C_Syria._15th-16th_century_CE._Islamic_Art_Museum_%28Museum_f%C3%BCr_Islamische_Kunst%29%2C_Berlin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3767" data-file-height="5370" /></a><figcaption>Quotations from the Torah in Samaritan script. Niche from a Samaritan's house in <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> (15th–16th century CE). <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Islamic_Art,_Berlin" title="Museum of Islamic Art, Berlin">Islamic Art Museum, Berlin</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Samaritans believe that God authored their <a href="/wiki/Pentateuch" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentateuch">Pentateuch</a> and gave <a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a> the first copy along with the <a href="/wiki/Tablets_of_Stone" title="Tablets of Stone">two tablets</a> containing the <a href="/wiki/Ten_Commandments" title="Ten Commandments">Ten Commandments</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gaster_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gaster-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They believe that they preserve this divinely composed text uncorrupted to the present day. Samaritans commonly refer to their Pentateuch as <span title="Samaritan Hebrew-language text"><span lang="smp"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866777279"><span dir="rtl" class="script-samaritan">ࠒࠅࠔࠈࠄ</span>‎</span></span> (<span title="Samaritan Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="smp-Latn">Qušṭā</i></span>, 'Truth').<sup id="cite_ref-Gaster_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gaster-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Samaritans include only the Pentateuch in their biblical canon.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They do not recognize <a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_the_Bible#Divine_authorship" title="Authorship of the Bible">divine authorship</a> or <a href="/wiki/Biblical_inspiration" title="Biblical inspiration">inspiration</a> in any other book in the Jewish <a href="/wiki/Tanakh" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanakh">Tanakh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Joshua_(Samaritan)" title="Book of Joshua (Samaritan)">Samaritan Book of Joshua</a> partly based upon the Tanakh's <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Joshua" title="Book of Joshua">Book of Joshua</a> exists, but Samaritans regard it as a non-canonical secular historical chronicle.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to a view based on the biblical <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ezra" title="Book of Ezra">Book of Ezra</a> (Ezra 4:11),<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Samaritans are the people of <a href="/wiki/Samaria" title="Samaria">Samaria</a> who parted ways with the people of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Judah" title="Kingdom of Judah">Judah</a> (the Judahites) in the <a href="/wiki/Yehud_Medinata" title="Yehud Medinata">Persian period</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tov_2001,_pp._82–83_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tov_2001,_pp._82–83-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Samaritans believe that it was not they, but the Jews, who separated from the authentic stream of the <a href="/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites">Israelite</a> tradition and law, around the time of <a href="/wiki/Eli_(biblical_figure)" title="Eli (biblical figure)">Eli</a>, in the 11th century BCE. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scholarly_perspective">Scholarly perspective</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samaritan_Pentateuch&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Scholarly perspective"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Modern scholarship connects the formation of the Samaritan community with events which followed the <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_captivity" title="Babylonian captivity">Babylonian captivity</a>. One view is that the Samaritans are the people of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(Samaria)" title="Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)">Kingdom of Israel</a> who separated from the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Judah" title="Kingdom of Judah">Kingdom of Judah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another view is that the event happened somewhere around 432 BCE, when Manasseh, the son-in-law of Sanballat, went off to found a community in Samaria, as related in the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Nehemiah" title="Book of Nehemiah">Book of Nehemiah</a> 13:28 and <i><a href="/wiki/Antiquities_of_the_Jews" title="Antiquities of the Jews">Antiquities of the Jews</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Josephus himself, however, dates this event and the <a href="/wiki/Yahwism" title="Yahwism">building of the temple</a> at <a href="/wiki/Shechem" title="Shechem">Shechem</a> to the time of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a>. Others believe that the real schism between the peoples did not take place until <a href="/wiki/Hasmonean" class="mw-redirect" title="Hasmonean">Hasmonean</a> times, when the Temple on <a href="/wiki/Mount_Gerizim" title="Mount Gerizim">Mount Gerizim</a> was destroyed in 128 BCE by <a href="/wiki/John_Hyrcanus" title="John Hyrcanus">John Hyrcanus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The script of the Samaritan Pentateuch, its close connections at many points with the <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a>, and its even closer agreements with the present <a href="/wiki/Masoretic_Text" title="Masoretic Text">Masoretic Text</a>, all suggest a date about 122 BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-Buttrick52-35_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buttrick52-35-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Excavation work undertaken since 1982 by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yitzhak_Magen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yitzhak Magen (page does not exist)">Yitzhak Magen</a> has firmly dated the temple structures on Gerizim to the middle of the fifth century BCE, built by <a href="/wiki/Sanballat_the_Horonite" title="Sanballat the Horonite">Sanballat the Horonite</a>, a contemporary of Ezra and Nehemiah, who lived more than one hundred years before the Sanballat mentioned by Josephus.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The adoption of the Pentateuch as the sacred text of the Samaritans before their final schism with the Judean Jewish community provides evidence that it was already widely accepted as a canonical authority in that region.<sup id="cite_ref-Buttrick52-35_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buttrick52-35-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Comparison_with_other_versions">Comparison with other versions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samaritan_Pentateuch&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Comparison with other versions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comparison_with_the_Masoretic">Comparison with the Masoretic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samaritan_Pentateuch&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Comparison with the Masoretic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Samaritan_Pentateuch_(detail).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Samaritan_Pentateuch_%28detail%29.jpg/220px-Samaritan_Pentateuch_%28detail%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Samaritan_Pentateuch_%28detail%29.jpg/330px-Samaritan_Pentateuch_%28detail%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Samaritan_Pentateuch_%28detail%29.jpg/440px-Samaritan_Pentateuch_%28detail%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5562" data-file-height="3397" /></a><figcaption>Detail of Samaritan Pentateuch</figcaption></figure> <p>Manuscripts of the Samaritan Pentateuch are written in a different script than the one used in the <a href="/wiki/Masoretic_Text" title="Masoretic Text">Masoretic</a> Pentateuch, used by Jews. The Samaritan text is written with the Samaritan alphabet, derived from the <a href="/wiki/Paleo-Hebrew_alphabet" title="Paleo-Hebrew alphabet">Paleo-Hebrew alphabet</a> used by the Israelite community prior to the Babylonian captivity. During the exile in Babylon, Jews adopted the <a href="/wiki/Ktav_Ashuri" title="Ktav Ashuri">Ashuri script</a>, based on the Babylonians' <a href="/wiki/Aramaic_alphabet" title="Aramaic alphabet">Aramaic alphabet</a>, which was developed into the modern <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet" title="Hebrew alphabet">Hebrew alphabet</a>. Originally, all manuscripts of the Samaritan Pentateuch consisted of unvocalized text written using only the letters of the Samaritan alphabet. Beginning in the 12th century, some manuscripts show a partial vocalization resembling the Jewish <a href="/wiki/Tiberian_vocalization" title="Tiberian vocalization">Tiberian vocalization</a> used in Masoretic manuscripts.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More recently, manuscripts have been produced with full vocalization.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Samaritan Pentateuchal text is divided into 904 paragraphs. Divisions between sections of text are marked with various combinations of lines, dots or an asterisk; a dot is used to indicate the separation between words.<sup id="cite_ref-Fallows_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fallows-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Polyglot_(book)#London_Polyglot" title="Polyglot (book)"><i>London Polyglot</i></a> lists six thousand instances where the Samaritan Pentateuch differs from the Masoretic (Jewish) text.<sup id="cite_ref-Hjelm77_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hjelm77-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As different printed editions of the Samaritan Pentateuch are based upon different sets of manuscripts, the precise number varies significantly from one edition to another.<sup id="cite_ref-Purvis_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Purvis-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Only a minority of such differences are significant. Most are simply spelling differences, usually concerning Hebrew letters of similar appearance;<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the use of more <i><a href="/wiki/Mater_lectionis" title="Mater lectionis">matres lectionis</a></i> (symbols indicating vowels) in the Samaritan Pentateuch, compared with the Masoretic;<sup id="cite_ref-Purvis_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Purvis-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> different placement of words in a sentence;<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the replacement of some verbal constructions with equivalent ones.<sup id="cite_ref-Vanderkam93_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vanderkam93-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A comparison between both versions shows a preference in the Samaritan version for the Hebrew <a href="/wiki/Preposition_and_postposition" class="mw-redirect" title="Preposition and postposition">preposition</a> <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn">al</i></span> where the Masoretic text has <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn">el</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Purvis_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Purvis-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The most notable substantial differences between both texts are those related to <a href="/wiki/Mount_Gerizim" title="Mount Gerizim">Mount Gerizim</a>, the Samaritans' place of worship. The Samaritan version of the Ten Commandments includes the command that an altar be built on Mount Gerizim on which all sacrifices should be offered.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Soggin_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Soggin-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Samaritan Pentateuch contains the following paragraph, which is absent from the Jewish version: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>And when it so happens that L<span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">ORD</span> God brings you to the land of Canaan, which you are coming to possess, you shall set up there for you great stones and plaster them with plaster and you write on the stones all words of this law. And it becomes for you that across the Jordan you shall raise these stones, which I command you today, in mountain Gerizim. And you build there the altar to the L<span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">ORD</span> God of you. Altar of stones. Not you shall wave on them iron. With whole stones you shall build the altar to L<span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">ORD</span> God of you. And you bring on it ascend offerings to L<span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">ORD</span> God of you, and you sacrifice peace offerings, and you eat there and you rejoice before the face of the L<span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">ORD</span> God of you. The mountain this is across the Jordan behind the way of the rising of the sun, in the land of Canaan who is dwelling in the desert before the <a href="/wiki/Gilgal" title="Gilgal">Galgal</a>, beside Alvin-Mara, before <a href="/wiki/Shechem" title="Shechem">Sechem</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Another important difference between the Samaritan Torah and the Jewish (Masoretic) Torah is in Deuteronomy 27:4.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the Jewish text, the Israelites were told to enter the Promised Land and build an altar on <a href="/wiki/Mount_Ebal" title="Mount Ebal">Mount Ebal</a>, while the Samaritan text says that such altar, the first built by the Israelites in the Promised Land, should be built on Mount Gerizim.<sup id="cite_ref-Purvis_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Purvis-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A few verses afterwards, both the Jewish and the Samaritan texts contain instructions for the Israelites to perform two ceremonies upon entering the <a href="/wiki/Promised_Land" title="Promised Land">Promised Land</a>: one of blessings, to be held on Mount Gerizim, and one of cursings, to take place on Mount Ebal. </p><p>In 1946, the <a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea_Scrolls" title="Dead Sea Scrolls">Dead Sea Scrolls</a> were discovered, which include the oldest known versions of the <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a>. In Deuteronomy 27:4–7,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Dead Sea scroll fragments bring "Gerizim" instead of "Ebal", indicating that the Samaritan version was likely the original reading.<sup id="cite_ref-Soggin_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Soggin-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other differences between the Samaritan and the Masoretic (Jewish) texts include: </p><p>In Numbers 12:1,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Samaritan Pentateuch refers to <a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a>' wife as <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn">kaashet</i></span>, which translates as 'the beautiful woman', while the Jewish version and the Jewish commentaries suggest that the word used was <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn">Kushi</i></span>, meaning 'black woman' or '<a href="/wiki/Cushitic_languages" title="Cushitic languages">Cushite</a> woman'. For the Samaritans, therefore, Moses had only one wife, <a href="/wiki/Zipporah" title="Zipporah">Zipporah</a>, throughout his whole life, while Jewish sources generally understand that Moses had two wives, Zipporah and a second, unnamed Cushite woman.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several other differences are found.<sup id="cite_ref-Purvis_22-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Purvis-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Samaritan Pentateuch uses less <a href="/wiki/Anthropomorphism" title="Anthropomorphism">anthropomorphic</a> language in descriptions of God, with intermediaries performing actions that the Jewish version attributes directly to God. Where the Jewish text describes <a href="/wiki/Yahweh" title="Yahweh">Yahweh</a> as a "man of war" (Exodus 15:3),<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Samaritan has "hero of war", a phrase applied to spiritual beings. In Numbers 23:4,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Samaritan text reads "The <a href="/wiki/Angel_of_the_Lord" title="Angel of the Lord">Angel of God</a> found <a href="/wiki/Balaam" title="Balaam">Balaam</a>", in contrast with the Jewish text, which reads "And God met Balaam."<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Genesis 50:23,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Jewish text says that <a href="/wiki/Joseph_(Genesis)" title="Joseph (Genesis)">Joseph</a>'s grandchildren were born "upon the knees of Joseph", while the Samaritan text says they were born "in the days of Joseph".<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In about thirty-four instances, the Samaritan Pentateuch has repetitions in one section of text that was also found in other parts of the Pentateuch.<sup id="cite_ref-Purvis_22-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Purvis-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such repetitions are also implied or presupposed in the Jewish text, but not explicitly recorded in it. For example, the Samaritan text in the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Exodus" title="Book of Exodus">Book of Exodus</a> on multiple occasions records Moses repeating to <a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">Pharaoh</a> exactly what God had previously instructed Moses to tell him, which makes the text look repetitious, in comparison with the Jewish text.<sup id="cite_ref-Purvis_22-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Purvis-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In other occasions, the Samaritan Pentateuch has <a href="/wiki/Subject_(grammar)" title="Subject (grammar)">subjects</a>, prepositions, <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_particle" title="Grammatical particle">particles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apposition" title="Apposition">appositives</a>, including the repetition of words and phrases within a single passage, that are absent from the Jewish text.<sup id="cite_ref-Purvis_22-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Purvis-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comparison_with_the_Septuagint_and_Latin_Vulgate">Comparison with the Septuagint and Latin Vulgate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samaritan_Pentateuch&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Comparison with the Septuagint and Latin Vulgate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Samaritan Torah contains frequent agreements with the <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Latin Vulgate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Vanderkam93_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vanderkam93-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Septuagint text agrees with the Samaritan version in approximately 1,900 of the 6,000 instances in which it differs from the Masoretic (Jewish) text.<sup id="cite_ref-Hjelm77_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hjelm77-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of these agreements reflect inconsequential grammatical details, but some are significant. For example, Exodus 12:40<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in both the Samaritan and the Septuagint reads:<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Now the sojourning of the children of Israel and of their fathers which they had dwelt in the land of <a href="/wiki/Canaan" title="Canaan">Canaan</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> was four hundred and thirty years.</p></blockquote> <p>In the Masoretic (Jewish) text, the passage reads: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Now the sojourning of the children of Israel, who dwelt in Egypt, was four hundred and thirty years.</p></blockquote> <p>Passages in the Latin Vulgate also show agreements with the Samaritan version, in contrast with the Masoretic (Jewish) version. For instance, in Genesis 22:2,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Samaritan Pentateuch places the <a href="/wiki/Binding_of_Isaac" title="Binding of Isaac">binding and near-sacrifice of Isaac</a> in the "land of Moreh" (Hebrew: <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language text"><span lang="hbo" dir="rtl">מוראה</span></span>), while the Jewish Pentateuch has "land of <a href="/wiki/Moriah" title="Moriah">Moriah</a>" (Hebrew: <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language text"><span lang="hbo" dir="rtl">מריה</span></span>). The Samaritan "Moreh" describes the region around <a href="/wiki/Shechem" title="Shechem">Shechem</a> and modern-day <a href="/wiki/Nablus" title="Nablus">Nablus</a>, where the Samaritans' holy <a href="/wiki/Mount_Gerizim" title="Mount Gerizim">Mount Gerizim</a> is situated, while Jews claim the land is the same as <a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount" title="Temple Mount">Mount Moriah</a>, in Jerusalem.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Vulgate translates this phrase as <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">in terram visionis</i></span> ('in the land of vision') which implies that <a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome</a> was familiar with the reading 'Moreh', a Hebrew word whose <a href="/wiki/Semitic_root" title="Semitic root">triliteral root</a> suggests 'vision.'<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evaluations_of_its_relevance_for_textual_criticism">Evaluations of its relevance for textual criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samaritan_Pentateuch&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Evaluations of its relevance for textual criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gerizim_Samaritan_Torah_IMG_2118.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Gerizim_Samaritan_Torah_IMG_2118.JPG/230px-Gerizim_Samaritan_Torah_IMG_2118.JPG" decoding="async" width="230" height="345" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Gerizim_Samaritan_Torah_IMG_2118.JPG/345px-Gerizim_Samaritan_Torah_IMG_2118.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Gerizim_Samaritan_Torah_IMG_2118.JPG/460px-Gerizim_Samaritan_Torah_IMG_2118.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="5184" /></a><figcaption>Samaritan Torah scrolls preserved in the Samaritan synagogue on <a href="/wiki/Mount_Gerizim" title="Mount Gerizim">Mount Gerizim</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The earliest recorded assessments of the Samaritan Pentateuch are found in <a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_literature" title="Rabbinic literature">rabbinic literature</a> and the writings of the early Christian <a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church Fathers</a> of the first millennium. The <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a> records <a href="/wiki/Eleazar_ben_Simeon" title="Eleazar ben Simeon">Eleazar ben Simeon</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_Judaism" title="Rabbinic Judaism">Rabbinic Jew</a>, condemning the Samaritan scribes: "You have falsified your Pentateuch... and you have not profited aught by it."<sup id="cite_ref-Fallows_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fallows-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some early Christian writers found the Samaritan Pentateuch useful for <a href="/wiki/Textual_criticism" title="Textual criticism">textual criticism</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Alexandria" title="Cyril of Alexandria">Cyril of Alexandria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Procopius_of_Gaza" title="Procopius of Gaza">Procopius of Gaza</a>, and others spoke of certain words missing from the Hebrew Text, but present in the Samaritan Pentateuch.<sup id="cite_ref-Fallows_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fallows-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Eusebius" title="Eusebius">Eusebius</a> wrote that the "Greek translation [of the Bible] also differs from the Hebrew, though not so much from the Samaritan" and noted that the Septuagint agrees with the Samaritan Pentateuch in the number of years elapsed from <a href="/wiki/Noah%27s_Flood" class="mw-redirect" title="Noah's Flood">Noah's Flood</a> to <a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Christian interest in the Samaritan Pentateuch fell into neglect during the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The publication of a manuscript of the Samaritan Pentateuch in 17th-century Europe reawakened interest in the text and fueled a controversy between <a href="/wiki/Protestants" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestants">Protestants</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholics" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholics">Roman Catholics</a> over which <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a> textual traditions are authoritative. Roman Catholics showed a particular interest in the study of the Samaritan Pentateuch on account of the antiquity of the text and its frequent agreements with the Septuagint and the Latin Vulgate.<sup id="cite_ref-Vanderkam93_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vanderkam93-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some Catholics including <a href="/wiki/Jean_Morin_(theologian)" title="Jean Morin (theologian)">Jean Morin</a>, a convert from <a href="/wiki/Calvinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinism">Calvinism</a> to Catholicism, argued that the Samaritan Pentateuch's correspondences with the Latin Vulgate and Septuagint indicated that it represents a more authentic Hebrew text than the Masoretic.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several Protestants replied with a defense of the Masoretic text's authority and argued that the Samaritan text is a late and unreliable derivation from the Masoretic.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> The 18th-century Protestant Hebrew scholar <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Kennicott" title="Benjamin Kennicott">Benjamin Kennicott</a>'s analysis of the Samaritan Pentateuch stands as a notable exception to the general trend of early Protestant research on the text.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He questioned the underlying assumption that the Masoretic text must be more authentic simply because it has been more widely accepted as the authoritative Hebrew version of the Pentateuch:<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><blockquote><p>We see then that as the evidence of one text destroys the evidence of the other and as there is in fact the authority of versions to oppose to the authority of versions no certain argument or rather no argument at all can be drawn from hence to fix the corruption on either side.</p></blockquote><p>Kennicott also states that the reading Gerizim may actually be the original reading, since that is the mountain for proclaiming blessings, and that it is very green and rich of vegetation (as opposed to Mt. Ebal, which is barren and the mountain for proclaiming curses) amongst other arguments.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>German scholar <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Gesenius" title="Wilhelm Gesenius">Wilhelm Gesenius</a> published a study of the Samaritan Pentateuch in 1815 which biblical scholars widely embraced during the next century.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He argued that the Septuagint and the Samaritan Pentateuch share a common source in a family of Hebrew manuscripts which he named the "Alexandrino-Samaritanus". In contrast to the proto-Masoretic "Judean" manuscripts carefully preserved and copied in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>, he regarded the Alexandrino-Samaritanus as having been carelessly handled by scribal copyists who popularized, simplified, and expanded the text.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gesenius concluded that the Samaritan text contained only four valid variants when compared to the Masoretic text.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1915, <a href="/wiki/Paul_E._Kahle" title="Paul E. Kahle">Paul Kahle</a> published a paper which compared passages from the Samaritan text to Pentateuchal quotations in the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pseudepigrapha" title="Pseudepigrapha">pseudepigraphal</a> texts including the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jubilees" title="Book of Jubilees">Book of Jubilees</a>, the <a href="/wiki/First_Book_of_Enoch" class="mw-redirect" title="First Book of Enoch">First Book of Enoch</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_Moses" title="Assumption of Moses">Assumption of Moses</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He concluded that the Samaritan Pentateuch preserves "many genuine old readings and an ancient form of the Pentateuch."<sup id="cite_ref-Vanderkam93_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vanderkam93-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Support for Kahle's thesis was bolstered by the discovery of biblical manuscripts among the <a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea_Scrolls" title="Dead Sea Scrolls">Dead Sea Scrolls</a>, which contain a text similar to the Samaritan Pentateuch.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Dead Sea Scroll texts have demonstrated that a Pentateuchal text type resembling the Samaritan Pentateuch goes back to the second century BCE and perhaps even earlier.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> These discoveries have demonstrated that manuscripts bearing a "pre-Samaritan" text of at least some portions of the Pentateuch such as <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Exodus" title="Book of Exodus">Exodus</a><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Numbers" title="Book of Numbers">Numbers</a><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> circulated alongside other manuscripts with a "pre-Masoretic" text. One Dead Sea Scroll copy of the Book of Exodus, conventionally named 4QpaleoExod<sup>m</sup>, shows a particularly close relation to the Samaritan Pentateuch:<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><blockquote><p>The scroll shares all the major typological features with the SP, including all the major expansions of that tradition where it is extant (twelve), with the single exception of the new tenth commandment inserted in Exodus 20 from Deuteronomy 11 and 27 regarding the altar on Mount Gerizim.</p></blockquote><p><a href="/wiki/Frank_Moore_Cross" title="Frank Moore Cross">Frank Moore Cross</a> has described the origin of the Samaritan Pentateuch within the context of his local texts hypothesis. He views the Samaritan Pentateuch as having emerged from a manuscript tradition local to the <a href="/wiki/Land_of_Israel" title="Land of Israel">Land of Israel</a>. The Hebrew texts that form the underlying basis for the Septuagint branched out from the Israelite tradition as Israelites emigrated to Egypt and took copies of the Pentateuch with them. Cross states that the Samaritan and the Septuagint share a nearer common ancestor than either does with the Masoretic, which he suggested developed from local texts used by the Babylonian Jewish community. His explanation accounts for the Samaritan and the Septuagint sharing variants not found in the Masoretic and their differences reflecting the period of their independent development as distinct local text traditions.<sup id="cite_ref-Purvis_22-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Purvis-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the basis of archaizing and pseudo-archaic forms, Cross dates the emergence of the Samaritan Pentateuch as a uniquely Samaritan textual tradition to the post-<a href="/wiki/Maccabees" title="Maccabees">Maccabean</a> age.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Scholars widely agree that many textual elements previously classified as "Samaritan variants" actually derive from the earlier phases of the Pentateuch's textual history.<sup id="cite_ref-Vanderkam93_25-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vanderkam93-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Regarding the controversy between the Samaritan and Masoretic versions of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0527.htm#4">Deuteronomy 27:4–7</a>, the Dead Sea Scrolls texts agree with the Samaritan version, in that, in them, the Israelites were instructed to build their first altar in the Promised Land on Mount Gerizim, as stated in the Samaritan Torah, and not on Mount Ebal, as stated in the Masoretic text.<sup id="cite_ref-Soggin_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Soggin-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Derivative_works">Derivative works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samaritan_Pentateuch&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Derivative works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Translations">Translations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samaritan_Pentateuch&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Translations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Samaritan <a href="/wiki/Targum" title="Targum">Targum</a>, composed in the Samaritan variety of <a href="/wiki/Western_Aramaic" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Aramaic">Western Aramaic</a>, is the earliest translation of the Samaritan Pentateuch. Its creation was motivated by the same need to translate the Pentateuch into the Aramaic language spoken by the community which led to the creation of Jewish Targums such as <a href="/wiki/Targum_Onkelos" title="Targum Onkelos">Targum Onkelos</a>. Samaritans have traditionally ascribed the Targum to Nathanael, a Samaritan priest who died <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 20 BCE</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-CathEncyc_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CathEncyc-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Samaritan Targum has a complex textual tradition represented by manuscripts belonging to one of three fundamental text types exhibiting substantial divergences from one another. Affinities that the oldest of these textual traditions share with the Dead Sea Scrolls and Onkelos suggest that the Targum may originate from the same school which finalized the Samaritan Pentateuch itself.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others have placed the origin of the Targum around the beginning of the third century<sup id="cite_ref-CathEncyc_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CathEncyc-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or even later.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Extant manuscripts of the Targum are "extremely difficult to use"<sup id="cite_ref-Brotzman_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brotzman-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on account of scribal errors caused by a faulty understanding of Hebrew on the part of the Targum's translators and a faulty understanding of Aramaic on the part of later copyists. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Scholia" title="Scholia">Scholia</a> of <a href="/wiki/Origen" title="Origen">Origen</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Hexapla" title="Hexapla">Hexapla</a> and the writings of some <a href="/wiki/Church_fathers" class="mw-redirect" title="Church fathers">church fathers</a> contain references to "the <a href="/wiki/Samareitikon" title="Samareitikon">Samareitikon</a>" (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">το Σαμαρειτικόν</span>),<sup id="cite_ref-CathEncyc_63-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CathEncyc-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a work that is no longer extant. Despite earlier suggestions that it was merely a series of Greek scholia translated from the Samaritan Pentateuch,<sup id="cite_ref-Fallows_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fallows-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> scholars now concur that it was a complete Greek translation of the Samaritan Pentateuch either directly translated from it or via the Samaritan Targum.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It may have been composed for the use of a Greek-speaking Samaritan community residing in Egypt.<sup id="cite_ref-CathEncyc_63-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CathEncyc-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the displacement of Samaritan Aramaic by Arabic as the language of the Samaritan community in the centuries following the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_the_Levant" title="Muslim conquest of the Levant">Muslim conquest of the Levant</a>, they employed several Arabic translations of the Pentateuch. The oldest was an adaptation of <a href="/wiki/Saadia_Gaon" title="Saadia Gaon">Saadia Gaon</a>'s mid-900s <i><a href="/wiki/Tafsir" title="Tafsir">Tafsir</a> Rasag</i> or Arabic targum of the Masoretic Text. Although the text was modified to suit the Samaritan community, it still retained many unaltered Jewish readings.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the 11th or 12th century, a new Arabic translation directly based upon the Samaritan Pentateuch had appeared in <a href="/wiki/Nablus" title="Nablus">Nablus</a>. Manuscripts containing this translation are notable for their bilingual or trilingual character; the Arabic text is accompanied by the original Samaritan Hebrew in a parallel column and sometimes the Aramaic text of the Samaritan Targum in a third.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later Arabic translations also appeared; one featured a further Samaritan revision of Saadia Gaon's translation to bring it into greater conformity with the Samaritan Pentateuch and others were based upon Arabic Pentateuchal translations used by Christians.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2013, a complete English translation of the Samaritan Pentateuch comparing it to the Masoretic version was published.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exegetical_and_liturgical_texts">Exegetical and liturgical texts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samaritan_Pentateuch&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Exegetical and liturgical texts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several biblical commentaries and other theological texts based upon the Samaritan Pentateuch have been composed by members of the Samaritan community from the fourth century CE onwards.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Samaritans also employ <a href="/wiki/Liturgy" title="Liturgy">liturgical</a> texts containing <a href="/wiki/Catena_(Biblical_commentary)" class="mw-redirect" title="Catena (Biblical commentary)">catenae</a> extracted from their Pentateuch.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Manuscripts_and_printed_editions">Manuscripts and printed editions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samaritan_Pentateuch&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Manuscripts and printed editions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Manuscripts">Manuscripts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samaritan_Pentateuch&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Manuscripts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Abisha_Scroll">Abisha Scroll</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samaritan_Pentateuch&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Abisha Scroll"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Samaritans attach special importance to the <i>Abisha Scroll</i> used in the Samaritan synagogue of Nablus. It consists of a continuous length of <a href="/wiki/Parchment" title="Parchment">parchment</a> sewn together from the skins of rams that, according to a Samaritan tradition, were ritually sacrificed.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The text is written in gold letters.<sup id="cite_ref-Fallows_20-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fallows-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rollers tipped with ornamental knobs are attached to both ends of the parchment and the whole is kept in a cylindrical silver case when not in use.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Samaritans claim it was penned by <a href="/wiki/Abishua" title="Abishua">Abishua</a>, great-grandson of <a href="/wiki/Aaron" title="Aaron">Aaron</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt25a06.htm#35">1 Chronicles 6:35</a>), thirteen years after the entry into the land of Israel under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Joshua" title="Joshua">Joshua</a>, son of Nun,<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although contemporary scholars describe it as a composite of several fragmentary scrolls each penned between the 12th and 14th centuries CE.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other manuscripts of the Samaritan Pentateuch consist of <a href="/wiki/Vellum" title="Vellum">vellum</a> or cotton paper written upon with black ink.<sup id="cite_ref-Fallows_20-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fallows-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Numerous manuscripts of the text exist, but none written in the original Hebrew or in translation predates the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Vanderkam93_25-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vanderkam93-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The scroll contains a cryptogram, dubbed the <i>tashqil</i> by scholars, which Samaritans consider to be Abishua's ancient colophon: </p> <blockquote><p>I am Abishua, the son of Phinehas, the son of Eleazar, the son of Aaron the <a href="/wiki/Kohen" title="Kohen">Priest</a>, unto them be accorded the grace of YHWH and His glory—I wrote this holy book at the entrance of the tabernacle on Mount Gerizim, in the year thirteen of the Israelites' possession of the Land of Canaan according to its boundaries [all] around; I praise YHWH.</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Western_scholarship">Western scholarship<span class="anchor" id="Codex_B"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samaritan_Pentateuch&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Western scholarship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Genesis_5_18_as_published_by_Jean_Morin_in_1631_in_the_first_publication_of_the_Samaritan_Pentateuch.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Genesis_5_18_as_published_by_Jean_Morin_in_1631_in_the_first_publication_of_the_Samaritan_Pentateuch.png/220px-Genesis_5_18_as_published_by_Jean_Morin_in_1631_in_the_first_publication_of_the_Samaritan_Pentateuch.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Genesis_5_18_as_published_by_Jean_Morin_in_1631_in_the_first_publication_of_the_Samaritan_Pentateuch.png/330px-Genesis_5_18_as_published_by_Jean_Morin_in_1631_in_the_first_publication_of_the_Samaritan_Pentateuch.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Genesis_5_18_as_published_by_Jean_Morin_in_1631_in_the_first_publication_of_the_Samaritan_Pentateuch.png/440px-Genesis_5_18_as_published_by_Jean_Morin_in_1631_in_the_first_publication_of_the_Samaritan_Pentateuch.png 2x" data-file-width="498" data-file-height="588" /></a><figcaption>Genesis 5:18-22 as published by Jean Morin in 1631 in the first publication of the Samaritan Pentateuch</figcaption></figure> <p>Interest in the Samaritan Pentateuch was awakened in 1616 when the traveler <a href="/wiki/Pietro_della_Valle" class="mw-redirect" title="Pietro della Valle">Pietro della Valle</a> purchased a copy of the text in <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>. This manuscript, now known as Codex B, was deposited in a <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Parisian</a> library. In 1631, an edited copy of Codex B was published in Le Jay's (Paris) Polyglot by Jean Morin.<sup id="cite_ref-Florentin_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Florentin-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was republished in Walton's Polyglot in 1657. Subsequently, <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_Ussher" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbishop Ussher">Archbishop Ussher</a> and others procured additional copies which were brought to Europe and later, America.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_publications">Modern publications</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samaritan_Pentateuch&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Modern publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Until the latter half of the 20th century, <a href="/wiki/Textual_criticism" title="Textual criticism">critical editions</a> of the Samaritan Pentateuch were largely based upon Codex B. The most notable of these is <i>Der Hebräische Pentateuch der Samaritaner</i> (<i>The Hebrew Pentateuch of the Samaritans</i>) compiled by August von Gall and published in 1918. An extensive critical apparatus is included listing variant readings found in previously published manuscripts of the Samaritan Pentateuch. His work is still regarded as being generally accurate despite the presence of some errors, but it neglects important manuscripts including the Abisha Scroll which had not yet been published at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-Vanderkam93_25-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vanderkam93-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Textual variants found in the Abisha scroll were published in 1959 by Federico Pérez Castro<sup id="cite_ref-Brotzman_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brotzman-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and between 1961 and 1965 by A. and R. Sadaqa in <i>Jewish and Samaritan Versions of the Pentateuch – With Particular Stress on the Differences Between Both Texts</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Vanderkam93_25-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vanderkam93-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1976 L.F. Giron-Blanc published Codex Add. 1846, a Samaritan Pentateuch codex dating to 1100 CE in the critical edition <i>Pentateuco Hebreo-Samaritano: Génesis</i> supplemented with variants found in fifteen previously unpublished manuscripts.<sup id="cite_ref-Brotzman_66-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brotzman-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Certain recently published critical editions of Pentateuchal books take Samaritan variants into account, including D.L. Phillips' edition of Exodus.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Arabic translation of the Samaritan Pentateuch has been edited and published at the beginning of the 21st century.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several publications containing the text of the Samaritan Targum have appeared. In 1875, the German scholar Adolf Brüll published his <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Das samaritanische Targum zum Pentateuch</i></span> (<i>The Samaritan Targum to the Pentateuch</i>). More recently a two volume set edited by Abraham Tal appeared featuring the first critical edition based upon all extant manuscripts containing the Targumic text.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samaritan_Pentateuch&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_Hebrew" title="Samaritan Hebrew">Samaritan Hebrew</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samaritan_Pentateuch&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samaritan_Pentateuch&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Florentin_2013-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Florentin_2013_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Florentin_2013_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFlorentin2013" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Florentin, Moshe (2013). "Samaritan Pentateuch". In <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Khan" title="Geoffrey Khan">Khan, Geoffrey</a>; Bolozky, Shmuel; Fassberg, Steven; <a href="/wiki/Gary_A._Rendsburg" title="Gary A. Rendsburg">Rendsburg, Gary A.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Aaron_D._Rubin" title="Aaron D. Rubin">Rubin, Aaron D.</a>; Schwarzwald, Ora R.; Zewi, Tamar (eds.). <i>Encyclopedia of Hebrew Language and Linguistics</i>. <a href="/wiki/Leiden" title="Leiden">Leiden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>: <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill Publishers</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F2212-4241_ehll_EHLL_COM_00000282">10.1163/2212-4241_ehll_EHLL_COM_00000282</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-17642-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-17642-3"><bdi>978-90-04-17642-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Samaritan+Pentateuch&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Hebrew+Language+and+Linguistics&rft.place=Leiden+and+Boston&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F2212-4241_ehll_EHLL_COM_00000282&rft.isbn=978-90-04-17642-3&rft.aulast=Florentin&rft.aufirst=Moshe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritan+Pentateuch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Florentin-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Florentin_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Florentin_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFlorentin2005">Florentin 2005</a>, p. 1: "When the Samaritan version of the Pentateuch was revealed to the Western world early in the 17th century... [footnote: 'In 1632 the Frenchman Jean Morin published the Samaritan Pentateuch in the Parisian Biblia Polyglotta based on a manuscript that the traveler Pietro Della Valle had bought from Damascus sixteen years previously.]"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndersonGiles2012150-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndersonGiles2012150_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAndersonGiles2012">Anderson & Giles 2012</a>, p. 150.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McDonald-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McDonald_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Canon Debate</i>, McDonald & Sanders editors, 2002, chapter 6: <i>Questions of Canon through the Dead Sea Scrolls</i> by James C. VanderKam, page 94, citing private communication with Emanuel Tov on <i>biblical manuscripts</i>: Qumran scribe type c. 25%, proto-Masoretic Text c. 40%, pre-Samaritan texts c. 5%, texts close to the Hebrew model for the Septuagint c. 5% and nonaligned c. 25%.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTov2015" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Tov" title="Emanuel Tov">Tov, Emanuel</a> (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mnu9BwAAQBAJ&pg=PA387">"The Samaritan Pentateuch and the Dead Sea Scrolls: The Proximity of the Pre-Samaritan Qumran Scrolls to the SP"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Tov" title="Emanuel Tov">Tov, Emanuel</a> (ed.). <i>Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible, Qumran, Septuagint: Collected Essays, Volume 3</i>. <a href="/wiki/Vetus_Testamentum" title="Vetus Testamentum">Vetus Testamentum, Supplements</a>. Vol. 167. <a href="/wiki/Leiden" title="Leiden">Leiden</a>: <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill Publishers</a>. pp. 387–410. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-27013-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-27013-8"><bdi>978-90-04-27013-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Samaritan+Pentateuch+and+the+Dead+Sea+Scrolls%3A+The+Proximity+of+the+Pre-Samaritan+Qumran+Scrolls+to+the+SP&rft.btitle=Textual+Criticism+of+the+Hebrew+Bible%2C+Qumran%2C+Septuagint%3A+Collected+Essays%2C+Volume+3&rft.place=Leiden&rft.series=Vetus+Testamentum%2C+Supplements&rft.pages=387-410&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-90-04-27013-8&rft.aulast=Tov&rft.aufirst=Emanuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dmnu9BwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA387&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritan+Pentateuch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gaster-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gaster_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gaster_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gaster, T.H. "Samaritans," pp. 190–97 in <i>Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible, Volume 4</i>. George Arthur Buttrick, gen. ed. Nashville: Abingdon, 1962.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cal.huc.edu/oneentry.php?lemma=q%24w%2B+N&cits=all">"The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon"</a>. HUC.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Comprehensive+Aramaic+Lexicon&rft.pub=HUC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcal.huc.edu%2Foneentry.php%3Flemma%3Dq%2524w%252B%2BN%26cits%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritan+Pentateuch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SBMXnB4CRpUC&pg=PA91">Vanderkam</a> 2002, p. 91.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Although a paucity of extant source material makes it impossible to be certain that the earliest Samaritans also rejected the other books of the Tanakh, the third-century church father <a href="/wiki/Origen" title="Origen">Origen</a> confirms that the Samaritans in his day "receive[d] the books of Moses alone." (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf04.vi.ix.i.l.html">Commentary on John</a> 13:26)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaster1908" class="citation journal cs1">Gaster, M. (1908). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eUCRAfZvwRgC&pg=PA166">"A Samaritan Book of Joshua"</a>. <i>The Living Age</i>. <b>258</b>: 166.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Living+Age&rft.atitle=A+Samaritan+Book+of+Joshua&rft.volume=258&rft.pages=166&rft.date=1908&rft.aulast=Gaster&rft.aufirst=M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeUCRAfZvwRgC%26pg%3DPA166&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritan+Pentateuch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt35a04.htm#11">Ezra 4:11</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tov_2001,_pp._82–83-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tov_2001,_pp._82–83_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=U1UfMyO-RiEC&pg=PA82">[1]</a> Tov 2001, pp. 82–83.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=U1UfMyO-RiEC&pg=PA83">Tov 2001, p. 82</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Antiquities</i> XI.7.2; 8.2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=U1UfMyO-RiEC&pg=PA83">Tov 2001</a>, p. 83.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Buttrick52-35-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Buttrick52-35_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Buttrick52-35_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Buttrick 1952, p. 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Magen, Y. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.antiquities.org.il/Article_eng.aspx?sec_id=36&subj_id=286&id=472">The Temple on Mount Gerizim</a></i>. Israeli Antiquities Authority.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=93_Dc4SC5ngC&pg=PA65">Brotzman 1994, pp. 64–65</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=U1UfMyO-RiEC&pg=PA81">Tov 2001, p. 81</a>. "Only in recent generations have the Samaritans written a few manuscripts – only for use outside their community – with full vocalization."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fallows-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fallows_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fallows_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fallows_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fallows_20-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fallows_20-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fallows_20-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFallowsAndrew_Constantinides_ZenosHerbert_Lockwood_Willett1911" class="citation book cs1">Fallows, Samuel; Andrew Constantinides Zenos; Herbert Lockwood Willett (1911). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FLRUAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA1701"><i>The Popular and Critical Bible Encyclopædia and Scriptural Dictionary, Volume 3</i></a>. Howard-Severance. p. 1701.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Popular+and+Critical+Bible+Encyclop%C3%A6dia+and+Scriptural+Dictionary%2C+Volume+3&rft.pages=1701&rft.pub=Howard-Severance&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Fallows&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rft.au=Andrew+Constantinides+Zenos&rft.au=Herbert+Lockwood+Willett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFLRUAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA1701&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritan+Pentateuch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hjelm77-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hjelm77_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hjelm77_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1oZu6GjRg_IC&pg=PA77">Hjelm 2000, p. 77</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Purvis-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Purvis_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Purvis_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Purvis_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Purvis_22-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Purvis_22-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Purvis_22-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Purvis_22-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Purvis_22-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Purvis_22-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Purvis, J.D. "Samaritan Pentateuch," pp. 772–775 in <i>Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible, Supplementary Volume</i>. Keith Crim, gen. ed. Nashville: Abingdon, 1976. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780687192694" title="Special:BookSources/9780687192694">9780687192694</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/cu31924029099864#page/n303/mode/1up">Thomson 1919, pp. 289–296.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/cu31924029099864#page/n312/mode/1up">Thomson 1919, pp. 296–301.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vanderkam93-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Vanderkam93_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vanderkam93_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vanderkam93_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vanderkam93_25-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vanderkam93_25-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vanderkam93_25-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vanderkam93_25-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vanderkam93_25-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SBMXnB4CRpUC&pg=PA93">Vanderkam 2002, p. 93</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.meson.org/religion/torahcompare.php">"Overview of the Differences Between the Jewish and Samaritan Versions of the Pentateuch"</a>. Web.meson.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-12-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Overview+of+the+Differences+Between+the+Jewish+and+Samaritan+Versions+of+the+Pentateuch&rft.pub=Web.meson.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.meson.org%2Freligion%2Ftorahcompare.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritan+Pentateuch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Soggin-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Soggin_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Soggin_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Soggin_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSoggin1989" class="citation book cs1">Soggin, J. Alberto (1989). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/introductiontool00sogg_1"><i>Introduction to the Old Testament: From Its Origins to the Closing of the Alexandrian Canon</i></a></span>. Westminster John Knox Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/introductiontool00sogg_1/page/26">26</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780664221560" title="Special:BookSources/9780664221560"><bdi>9780664221560</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+the+Old+Testament%3A+From+Its+Origins+to+the+Closing+of+the+Alexandrian+Canon&rft.pages=26&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=9780664221560&rft.aulast=Soggin&rft.aufirst=J.+Alberto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fintroductiontool00sogg_1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritan+Pentateuch" class="Z3988"></span> "But there is at least one case, Deut.27.4–7, in which the reading 'Gerizim' in the Samaritan Pentateuch, confirmed by Σ and by the Old Latin, seems to be preferable to that of the Massoretic text, which has Ebal, the other mountain standing above Nablus."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160820215020/https://sites.google.com/site/interlinearpentateuch/online-samaritan-pentateuch-in-english/deuteronomy">"Deuteronomy – Interlinear Pentateuch"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sites.google.com/site/interlinearpentateuch/online-samaritan-pentateuch-in-english/deuteronomy">the original</a> on 2016-08-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-01-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Deuteronomy+%E2%80%93+Interlinear+Pentateuch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsites.google.com%2Fsite%2Finterlinearpentateuch%2Fonline-samaritan-pentateuch-in-english%2Fdeuteronomy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritan+Pentateuch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0527.htm#4">Deuteronomy 27:4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0527.htm#4">Deuteronomy 27:4–7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharlesworth" class="citation web cs1">Charlesworth, James H. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151126051707/http://blogs.owu.edu/magazine/the-discovery-of-an-unknown-dead-sea-scroll-the-original-text-of-deuteronomy-27/">"The Discovery of an Unknown Dead Sea Scroll: The Original Text of Deuteronomy 27?"</a>. Ohio Wesleyan Magazine. Archived from the original on 26 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Discovery+of+an+Unknown+Dead+Sea+Scroll%3A+The+Original+Text+of+Deuteronomy+27%3F&rft.pub=Ohio+Wesleyan+Magazine&rft.aulast=Charlesworth&rft.aufirst=James+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.owu.edu%2Fmagazine%2Fthe-discovery-of-an-unknown-dead-sea-scroll-the-original-text-of-deuteronomy-27%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritan+Pentateuch" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span> A newly published Dead Sea Scroll fragment of Deuteronomy has "Gerizim" instead of "Ebal" in Deuteronomy 27:4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0412.htm#1">Numbers 12:1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tsedaka, Benyamim, and Sharon Sullivan, eds. <i>The Israelite Samaritan Version of the Torah: First English Translation Compared with the Masoretic Version.</i> Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2013. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0802865199" title="Special:BookSources/978-0802865199">978-0802865199</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0215.htm#3">Exodus 15:3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0423.htm#4">Numbers 23:4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/cu31924029099864#page/n326/mode/1up">Thomson 1919, p. 312.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0150.htm#23">Genesis 50:23</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SBMXnB4CRpUC&pg=PA94">Vanderkam 2002, p. 94</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0212.htm#40">Exodus 12:40</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Wikisource" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEaston1897" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Matthew_George_Easton" title="Matthew George Easton">Easton, Matthew George</a> (1897). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Easton%27s_Bible_Dictionary_(1897)/Samaritan_Pentateuch" class="extiw" title="s:Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Samaritan Pentateuch">Samaritan Pentateuch</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Easton%27s_Bible_Dictionary" title="Easton's Bible Dictionary">Easton's Bible Dictionary</a></i> (New and revised ed.). T. Nelson and Sons.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Samaritan+Pentateuch&rft.btitle=Easton%27s+Bible+Dictionary&rft.edition=New+and+revised&rft.pub=T.+Nelson+and+Sons&rft.date=1897&rft.aulast=Easton&rft.aufirst=Matthew+George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritan+Pentateuch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0122.htm#2">Genesis 22:2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/samaritanpentate00bart/page/31">Barton 1903, p. 31</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/cu31924029099864#page/n328/mode/1up">Thomson 1919, pp. 312–313.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDu_Pin1699" class="citation book cs1">Du Pin, Louis Ellies (1699). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VzZWAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA167"><i>A compleat history of the canon and writers of the books of the Old and New Testament, Volume 1</i></a>. H. Rhodes. p. 167.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+compleat+history+of+the+canon+and+writers+of+the+books+of+the+Old+and+New+Testament%2C+Volume+1&rft.pages=167&rft.pub=H.+Rhodes&rft.date=1699&rft.aulast=Du+Pin&rft.aufirst=Louis+Ellies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVzZWAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA167&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritan+Pentateuch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPamphili" class="citation web cs1">Pamphili, Eusebius. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rbedrosian.com/euseb7.htm">"Eusebius' Chronicle: The Hebrew Chronicle"</a>. Translated by Robert Bedrosian. History Workshop<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eusebius%27+Chronicle%3A+The+Hebrew+Chronicle&rft.pub=History+Workshop&rft.aulast=Pamphili&rft.aufirst=Eusebius&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frbedrosian.com%2Feuseb7.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritan+Pentateuch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/samaritansearlie00montuoft#page/286/mode/1up">Montgomery 1907, p. 286</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/samaritansearlie00montuoft#page/288/mode/1up">Montgomery 1907, p. 288</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/cu31924029099864#page/n290/mode/1up">Thomson 1919, pp. 275–276.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaebo2008" class="citation book cs1">Saebo, Magne (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OMlT-FViF40C&pg=PA796"><i>Hebrew Bible / Old Testament: The History of Its Interpretation</i></a>. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783525539828" title="Special:BookSources/9783525539828"><bdi>9783525539828</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hebrew+Bible+%2F+Old+Testament%3A+The+History+of+Its+Interpretation&rft.pub=Vandenhoeck+%26+Ruprecht&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9783525539828&rft.aulast=Saebo&rft.aufirst=Magne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOMlT-FViF40C%26pg%3DPA796&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritan+Pentateuch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MSMUAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA32">Kennicott 1759</a>, p. 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AORDAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA20">Kennicott 1759, p. 20</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGesenius1815" class="citation book cs1">Gesenius, Wilhelm (1815). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/depentateuchisa00gesegoog"><i>De Pentateuchi Samaritani origine, indole et auctoritate commentatio philologico-critica</i></a>. Halae.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=De+Pentateuchi+Samaritani+origine%2C+indole+et+auctoritate+commentatio+philologico-critica&rft.pub=Halae&rft.date=1815&rft.aulast=Gesenius&rft.aufirst=Wilhelm&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdepentateuchisa00gesegoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritan+Pentateuch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SBMXnB4CRpUC&pg=PA92">Vanderkam 2002, pp. 92–93</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/samaritansearlie00montuoft#page/288/mode/1up">Montgomery 1907, p. 288</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kahle, Paul. <i>Theologische Studien und Kritiken</i> 88 (1915): 399–429.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Some examples include the Dead Sea Scroll manuscripts conventionally designated as 4QpaleoExod<sup>m</sup>, 4QExod-Lev<sup>f</sup> and 4QNum<sup>b</sup>. See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SBMXnB4CRpUC&pg=PA95">Vanderkam 2002</a>, p. 95.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=U1UfMyO-RiEC&pg=PA80">Tov 2001</a>, p. 80.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SBMXnB4CRpUC&pg=PA95">Vanderkam 2002, p. 95</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SBMXnB4CRpUC&pg=PA106">Vanderkam 2002, p. 106</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SBMXnB4CRpUC&pg=PA110">Vanderkam 2002, p. 110</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Skehan, Patrick, Eugene Ulrich and Judith Sanderson (1992). <i>Discoveries in the Judean Desert, Volume IX.</i> Quoted in Hendel, Ronald S. "Assessing the Text-Critical Theories of the Hebrew Bible After Qumran," p. 284 in Lim, Timothy and John Collins (2010). <i>The Oxford Handbook of the Dead Sea Scrolls.</i> Oxford: Oxford University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19920723-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19920723-7">978-0-19920723-7</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Moore_Cross" title="Frank Moore Cross">Frank Moore Cross</a> <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Theological_Review" title="Harvard Theological Review">Harvard Theological Review</a> July 1966 "The language of the Samaritan Pentateuch also includes archaizing forms and pseudo-archaic forms which surely point to the post-Maccabaean age for its date"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CathEncyc-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CathEncyc_63-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CathEncyc_63-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CathEncyc_63-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CathEncyc_63-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerbermann1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Samaritan_Language_and_Literature" class="extiw" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Samaritan Language and Literature">Samaritan Language and Literature</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Samaritan+Language+and+Literature&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritan+Pentateuch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrown2001" class="citation book cs1">Crown, Alan David (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=e5iW24esf-sC&pg=PA18"><i>Samaritan Scribes and Manuscripts</i></a>. Mohr Siebeck. p. 18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-16-147490-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-16-147490-3"><bdi>978-3-16-147490-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Samaritan+Scribes+and+Manuscripts&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=Mohr+Siebeck&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-3-16-147490-3&rft.aulast=Crown&rft.aufirst=Alan+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3De5iW24esf-sC%26pg%3DPA18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritan+Pentateuch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Buttrick 1952, p. 57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brotzman-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brotzman_66-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brotzman_66-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brotzman_66-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=93_Dc4SC5ngC&pg=PA66">Brotzman 1994, p. 66</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarcos2000" class="citation book cs1">Marcos, Natalio (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8MbvEZ4bgdwC&pg=PA168"><i>The Septuagint in Context: Introduction to the Greek Version of the Bible</i></a>. Brill. p. 168. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004115743" title="Special:BookSources/9789004115743"><bdi>9789004115743</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Septuagint+in+Context%3A+Introduction+to+the+Greek+Version+of+the+Bible&rft.pages=168&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9789004115743&rft.aulast=Marcos&rft.aufirst=Natalio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8MbvEZ4bgdwC%26pg%3DPA168&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritan+Pentateuch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrown2001" class="citation book cs1">Crown, Alan David (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=e5iW24esf-sC&pg=PA23"><i>Samaritan Scribes and Manuscripts</i></a>. Mohr Siebeck. p. 23. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-16-147490-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-16-147490-3"><bdi>978-3-16-147490-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Samaritan+Scribes+and+Manuscripts&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=Mohr+Siebeck&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-3-16-147490-3&rft.aulast=Crown&rft.aufirst=Alan+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3De5iW24esf-sC%26pg%3DPA23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritan+Pentateuch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrown2001" class="citation book cs1">Crown, Alan David (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=e5iW24esf-sC&pg=PA24"><i>Samaritan Scribes and Manuscripts</i></a>. Mohr Siebeck. p. 24. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-16-147490-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-16-147490-3"><bdi>978-3-16-147490-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Samaritan+Scribes+and+Manuscripts&rft.pages=24&rft.pub=Mohr+Siebeck&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-3-16-147490-3&rft.aulast=Crown&rft.aufirst=Alan+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3De5iW24esf-sC%26pg%3DPA24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritan+Pentateuch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrown2001" class="citation book cs1">Crown, Alan David (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=e5iW24esf-sC&pg=PA25"><i>Samaritan Scribes and Manuscripts</i></a>. Mohr Siebeck. p. 25. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-16-147490-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-16-147490-3"><bdi>978-3-16-147490-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Samaritan+Scribes+and+Manuscripts&rft.pages=25&rft.pub=Mohr+Siebeck&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-3-16-147490-3&rft.aulast=Crown&rft.aufirst=Alan+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3De5iW24esf-sC%26pg%3DPA25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritan+Pentateuch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTsedakaSharon_Sullivan2012" class="citation book cs1">Tsedaka, Benyamim; Sharon Sullivan (2012). <i>The Israelite Samaritan Version of the Torah: First English Translation Compared with the Masoretic Version</i>. Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780802865199" title="Special:BookSources/9780802865199"><bdi>9780802865199</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Israelite+Samaritan+Version+of+the+Torah%3A+First+English+Translation+Compared+with+the+Masoretic+Version&rft.place=Grand+Rapids%2C+Michigan%2C+USA&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780802865199&rft.aulast=Tsedaka&rft.aufirst=Benyamim&rft.au=Sharon+Sullivan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritan+Pentateuch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/samaritansearlie00montuoft#page/294/mode/1up">Montgomery 1907, pp. 293–297</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/samaritansearlie00montuoft#page/297/mode/2up">Montgomery 1907, pp. 297–298</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/samaritanpentate00bart/page/9">Barton 1903, p. 9</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/samaritanpentate00bart/page/9">Barton 1903, pp. 9–10</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Abisha scroll makes this claim for itself in a note inserted between columns of text at Deuteronomy 5. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/samaritansearlie00montuoft#page/287/mode/1up">Montgomery 1907, p. 287</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MURxhWhTRTQC&pg=PA215">Eshel 2003, p. 215</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IOAtAAAAYAAJ">Exercitationes ecclesiasticae in utrumque Samaritanorum Pentateuchum</a>, 1631</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCowper1863" class="citation book cs1">Cowper, B. Harris (1863). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/journalsacredli15cowpgoog"><i>Journal of Sacred Literature and Biblical Record</i></a>. Williams and Norgate. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/journalsacredli15cowpgoog/page/n144">131</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Journal+of+Sacred+Literature+and+Biblical+Record&rft.pages=131&rft.pub=Williams+and+Norgate&rft.date=1863&rft.aulast=Cowper&rft.aufirst=B.+Harris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjournalsacredli15cowpgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritan+Pentateuch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="/wiki/Ellis_R._Brotzman" title="Ellis R. Brotzman">Ellis R. Brotzman</a> notes that Gall's edition "because of the principles used to prepare it, must be used with caution." (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=93_Dc4SC5ngC&pg=PA66">Brotzman 1994, p. 66</a>.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Phillips, D.L. <i>Hebrew-English: Paleo Exodus: Scripture at the End of the Iron II Period.</i> Edwin Mellen, 2004.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Arabic Translation of the Samaritan Pentateuch - Volume One: Genesis-Exodus. Volume Two: Leviticus-Numbers-Duteronomy, Hebrew and Arabic. Shehadeh, Haseeb, The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities. 2002</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTal1981" class="citation book cs1">Tal, Abraham F. (1981). <i>The Samaritan Targum of the Pentateuch: a critical edition (2 vols.)(Texts and Studies in the Hebrew Language and Related Subjects, 5.)</i>. Tel-Aviv: Tel-Aviv University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Samaritan+Targum+of+the+Pentateuch%3A+a+critical+edition+%282+vols.%29%28Texts+and+Studies+in+the+Hebrew+Language+and+Related+Subjects%2C+5.%29&rft.place=Tel-Aviv&rft.pub=Tel-Aviv+University&rft.date=1981&rft.aulast=Tal&rft.aufirst=Abraham+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritan+Pentateuch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samaritan_Pentateuch&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndersonGiles2012" class="citation book cs1">Anderson, Robert T.; Giles, Terry (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YLVOwkX1hyAC&pg=PA150"><i>The Samaritan Pentateuch: an introduction to its origin, history, and significance for Biblical studies</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Biblical_Literature" title="Society of Biblical Literature">Society of Biblical Literature</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58983-700-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58983-700-3"><bdi>978-1-58983-700-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Samaritan+Pentateuch%3A+an+introduction+to+its+origin%2C+history%2C+and+significance+for+Biblical+studies&rft.pub=Society+of+Biblical+Literature&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-58983-700-3&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Robert+T.&rft.au=Giles%2C+Terry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYLVOwkX1hyAC%26pg%3DPA150&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritan+Pentateuch" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarton1903" class="citation book cs1">Barton, William E. (1903). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/samaritanpentate00bart"><i>The Samaritan Pentateuch: The Story of a Survival among the Sects</i></a>. Oberlin, Ohio: The Bibliotheca Sacra Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Samaritan+Pentateuch%3A+The+Story+of+a+Survival+among+the+Sects&rft.place=Oberlin%2C+Ohio&rft.pub=The+Bibliotheca+Sacra+Company&rft.date=1903&rft.aulast=Barton&rft.aufirst=William+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsamaritanpentate00bart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritan+Pentateuch" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrotzman1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ellis_R._Brotzman" title="Ellis R. Brotzman">Brotzman, Ellis R.</a> (1994). <i>Old Testament Textual Criticism: A Practical Introduction</i>. Baker Academic. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780801010651" title="Special:BookSources/9780801010651"><bdi>9780801010651</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Old+Testament+Textual+Criticism%3A+A+Practical+Introduction&rft.pub=Baker+Academic&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9780801010651&rft.aulast=Brotzman&rft.aufirst=Ellis+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritan+Pentateuch" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Arthur_Buttrick" title="George Arthur Buttrick">Buttrick, George Arthur</a> and board, eds. (1952). <i>The Interpreter's Bible</i>, Vol. 1. Nashville, Tennessee: Abingdon Press.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrown2001" class="citation book cs1">Crown, Alan David (2001). <i>Samaritan Scribes and Manuscripts</i>. Mohr Siebeck. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783161474903" title="Special:BookSources/9783161474903"><bdi>9783161474903</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Samaritan+Scribes+and+Manuscripts&rft.pub=Mohr+Siebeck&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9783161474903&rft.aulast=Crown&rft.aufirst=Alan+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritan+Pentateuch" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEshelEshel2003" class="citation book cs1">Eshel, Esther; Eshel, Hanan (2003). "Dating the Samaritan Pentateuch's Compilation in Light of the Qumran Biblical Scrolls". In Paul, Shalom M.; Kraft, Robert A.; Schiffmann, Lawrence H.; Fields, Weston W. (eds.). <i>Emanuel: Studies in Hebrew Bible, Septuagint, and Dead Sea Scrolls in Honor of Emanuel Tov</i>. <a href="/wiki/Vetus_Testamentum" title="Vetus Testamentum">Vetus Testamentum: Supplements</a>. Vol. 94. <a href="/wiki/Leiden" title="Leiden">Leiden</a>: <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill Publishers</a>. pp. 215–240. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F9789004276215_016">10.1163/9789004276215_016</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-12679-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-12679-4"><bdi>978-90-04-12679-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0083-5889">0083-5889</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Dating+the+Samaritan+Pentateuch%27s+Compilation+in+Light+of+the+Qumran+Biblical+Scrolls&rft.btitle=Emanuel%3A+Studies+in+Hebrew+Bible%2C+Septuagint%2C+and+Dead+Sea+Scrolls+in+Honor+of+Emanuel+Tov&rft.place=Leiden&rft.series=Vetus+Testamentum%3A+Supplements&rft.pages=215-240&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&rft.date=2003&rft.issn=0083-5889&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F9789004276215_016&rft.isbn=978-90-04-12679-4&rft.aulast=Eshel&rft.aufirst=Esther&rft.au=Eshel%2C+Hanan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritan+Pentateuch" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlorentin2005" class="citation book cs1">Florentin, Moshe (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1dNk_b1uDzUC"><i>Late Samaritan Hebrew: A Linguistic Analysis Of Its Different Types</i></a>. Studies in Semitic Languages and Linguistics. Vol. 43. <a href="/wiki/Leiden" title="Leiden">Leiden</a>: <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill Publishers</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-13841-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-13841-4"><bdi>978-90-04-13841-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0081-8461">0081-8461</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Late+Samaritan+Hebrew%3A+A+Linguistic+Analysis+Of+Its+Different+Types&rft.place=Leiden&rft.series=Studies+in+Semitic+Languages+and+Linguistics&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&rft.date=2005&rft.issn=0081-8461&rft.isbn=978-90-04-13841-4&rft.aulast=Florentin&rft.aufirst=Moshe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1dNk_b1uDzUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritan+Pentateuch" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvon_Gall1914" class="citation book cs1">von Gall, August (1914). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/derhebrischepent01gall"><i>Der hebräische Pentateuch der Samaritaner</i></a>. Töpelmann.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Der+hebr%C3%A4ische+Pentateuch+der+Samaritaner&rft.pub=T%C3%B6pelmann&rft.date=1914&rft.aulast=von+Gall&rft.aufirst=August&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fderhebrischepent01gall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritan+Pentateuch" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHjelm2000" class="citation book cs1">Hjelm, Ingrid (2000). <i>The Samaritans and Early Judaism: A Literary Analysis</i>. Continuum International Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781841270722" title="Special:BookSources/9781841270722"><bdi>9781841270722</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Samaritans+and+Early+Judaism%3A+A+Literary+Analysis&rft.pub=Continuum+International+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9781841270722&rft.aulast=Hjelm&rft.aufirst=Ingrid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritan+Pentateuch" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKennicott1759" class="citation book cs1">Kennicott, Benjamin (1759). <i>The State of the Printed Hebrew text of the Old Testament</i>. Oxford.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+State+of+the+Printed+Hebrew+text+of+the+Old+Testament&rft.pub=Oxford&rft.date=1759&rft.aulast=Kennicott&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritan+Pentateuch" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMetzgerMichael_David_Coogan1993" class="citation book cs1">Metzger, Bruce Manning; Michael David Coogan (1993). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195046458"><i>The Oxford Companion to the Bible</i></a></span>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195046458" title="Special:BookSources/9780195046458"><bdi>9780195046458</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+the+Bible&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=9780195046458&rft.aulast=Metzger&rft.aufirst=Bruce+Manning&rft.au=Michael+David+Coogan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780195046458&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritan+Pentateuch" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMontgomery1907" class="citation book cs1">Montgomery, James Alan (1907). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924028585929"><i>The Samaritans, the Earliest Jewish Sect: Their History, Theology and Literature</i></a>. The J.C. Winston Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Samaritans%2C+the+Earliest+Jewish+Sect%3A+Their+History%2C+Theology+and+Literature&rft.pub=The+J.C.+Winston+Co.&rft.date=1907&rft.aulast=Montgomery&rft.aufirst=James+Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcu31924028585929&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritan+Pentateuch" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomson1919" class="citation book cs1">Thomson, J.E.H. (1919). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/samaritanstheirt00thomuoft"><i>The Samaritans: Their Testimony to the Religion of Israel</i></a>. Edinburgh and London: Oliver and Boyd.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Samaritans%3A+Their+Testimony+to+the+Religion+of+Israel&rft.place=Edinburgh+and+London&rft.pub=Oliver+and+Boyd&rft.date=1919&rft.aulast=Thomson&rft.aufirst=J.E.H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsamaritanstheirt00thomuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritan+Pentateuch" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTov2001" class="citation book cs1">Tov, Emanuel (2001). <i>Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible</i>. Uitgeverij Van Gorcum. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789023237150" title="Special:BookSources/9789023237150"><bdi>9789023237150</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Textual+Criticism+of+the+Hebrew+Bible&rft.pub=Uitgeverij+Van+Gorcum&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9789023237150&rft.aulast=Tov&rft.aufirst=Emanuel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritan+Pentateuch" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVanderkamPeter_Flint2002" class="citation book cs1">Vanderkam, James; Peter Flint (2002). <i>The Meaning of the Dead Sea Scrolls</i>. Harper San Francisco. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780060684655" title="Special:BookSources/9780060684655"><bdi>9780060684655</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Meaning+of+the+Dead+Sea+Scrolls&rft.pub=Harper+San+Francisco&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780060684655&rft.aulast=Vanderkam&rft.aufirst=James&rft.au=Peter+Flint&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritan+Pentateuch" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samaritan_Pentateuch&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Tsedaka, Benyamim, and Sharon Sullivan, eds. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-wn8ABo-Fz0C">The Israelite Samaritan Version of the Torah</a>: First English Translation Compared with the Masoretic Version</i>. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2013. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-80286519-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-80286519-9">978-0-80286519-9</a></li> <li>Shoulson, Mark E, compiler 2008. <i>The Torah: Jewish and Samaritan versions compared</i> (Hebrew). Evertype. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-904808-18-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-904808-18-2">1-904808-18-2</a> / <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-904808-18-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-904808-18-3">978-1-904808-18-3</a>.</li> <li>Schorch, Stefan (June 3, 2004). <i>Die Vokale des Gesetzes: Die samaritanische Lesetradition als Textzeugin der Tora (Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft)</i> (German ed., Walter de Gruyter). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-11-018101-0" title="Special:BookSources/3-11-018101-0">3-11-018101-0</a> / <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-018101-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-11-018101-2">978-3-11-018101-2</a></li> <li>A.C. Hwiid, Specimen ineditae versionis Arabico-Samaritanae, Pentateuchi e codice manuscripto Bibliothecae Barberinae (Rome, 1780).</li> <li>A.S. Halkin, “The Scholia to Numbers and Deuteronomy in the Samaritan Arabic Pentateuch,” Jewish Quarterly Review 34 n.s. (1943–44): 41–59.</li> <li>T.G.J. Juynboll, “Commentatio de versione Arabico-Samaritana, et de scholiis, quae codicibus Parisiensibus n. 2 et 4 adscripta sunt,” Orientalia 2 (1846), pp. 113–1</li></ul> <p>57. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samaritan_Pentateuch&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/belief/articles/the-other-torah">"The Other Torah"</a>, by Chavie Lieber, 14 May 2013, tabletmag.com</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samaritan_Pentateuch&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External 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Hebrew Bible canon">Development of the Hebrew Bible canon</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Samaritan Pentateuch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Jamnia" title="Council of Jamnia">Council of Jamnia</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P46.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/P46.jpg/60px-P46.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/P46.jpg/90px-P46.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/P46.jpg/120px-P46.jpg 2x" data-file-width="580" data-file-height="819" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Christian<br />canons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 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Trent</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thirty-nine_Articles" title="Thirty-nine Articles">Thirty-nine Articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Confession_of_Faith" title="Westminster Confession of Faith">Westminster Confession of Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Jerusalem_(1672)" title="Synod of Jerusalem (1672)">Synod of Jerusalem</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Bible" title="Portal:Bible">Bible portal</a></b> · <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Samaritans" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Samaritans" title="Template:Samaritans"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Samaritans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Samaritans (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Samaritans" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Samaritans"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Samaritans" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Samaritans" title="Samaritans">Samaritans</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samaritanism" title="Samaritanism">Samaritanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Gerizim" title="Mount Gerizim">Mount Gerizim</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Samaritan Pentateuch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_High_Priest" title="Samaritan High Priest">Priesthood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passover_(Samaritan_holiday)" title="Passover (Samaritan holiday)">Passover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Joseph" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomb of Joseph">Tomb of Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hill_of_Phinehas" title="Hill of Phinehas">Hill of Phinehas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_Hebrew" title="Samaritan Hebrew">Samaritan Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_Aramaic" title="Samaritan Aramaic">Samaritan Aramaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_script" title="Samaritan script">Samaritan script</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samerina" title="Samerina">Samerina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Gerizim_Temple" title="Mount Gerizim Temple">Mount Gerizim Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_revolts" title="Samaritan revolts">Samaritan revolts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Asatir" title="The Asatir">The Asaṭīr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_l-Fath" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu l-Fath">The Kitab al-Tarikh of Abu 'l-Fath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Joshua_(Samaritan)" title="Book of Joshua (Samaritan)">Book of Joshua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marqah" title="Marqah">Memar Marqah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolidah" title="Tolidah">Tolidah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Settlements and communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holon" title="Holon">Holon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Luza" title="Kiryat Luza">Kiryat Luza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attil" title="Attil">Attil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awarta" title="Awarta">Awarta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Badhan" title="Al-Badhan">al-Badhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayt_Dajan" title="Bayt Dajan">Bayt Dajan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Dajan,_Nablus" title="Beit Dajan, Nablus">Beit Dajan, Nablus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Wazan" title="Beit Wazan">Beit Wazan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Furik" title="Beit Furik">Beth Phurik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imwas" title="Imwas">Emmaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fahma" title="Fahma">Fahma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fara%27ata" title="Fara'ata">Fara'ata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farkha" title="Farkha">Farkha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Funduq" title="Al-Funduq">Fondeka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaza city">Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immatain" title="Immatain">Immatain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaffa" title="Jaffa">Jaffa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jit,_Qalqilya" title="Jit, Qalqilya">Jit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasuf" title="Yasuf">Jusepheh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Abbush" title="Kafr Abbush">Kafr Abbush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Qaddum" title="Kafr Qaddum">Kafr Qaddum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Qallil" title="Kafr Qallil">Kafr Qallil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Zibad" title="Kafr Zibad">Kafr Zibad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khirbet_Kurkush" title="Khirbet Kurkush">Khirbet Kurkush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khirbet_Samara" title="Khirbet Samara">Khirbet Samara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajjah,_Qalqilya" title="Hajjah, Qalqilya">Kiryat Hagga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marda,_Salfit" title="Marda, Salfit">Merdah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salim,_Nablus" title="Salim, Nablus">Salem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salbit" title="Salbit">Selebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shechem" title="Shechem">Shechem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silat_ad-Dhahr" title="Silat ad-Dhahr">Silat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirin,_Baysan" title="Sirin, Baysan">Sirin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talluza" title="Talluza">Tira Luzeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulkarm" title="Tulkarm">Tulkarm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasuf" title="Yasuf">Yasuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeita,_Tulkarm" title="Zeita, Tulkarm">Zeita</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Important figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sanballat_the_Horonite" title="Sanballat the Horonite">Sanballat the Horonite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Magus" title="Simon Magus">Simon Magus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dositheos_(Samaritan)" title="Dositheos (Samaritan)">Dositheos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudokia_of_Heliopolis" title="Eudokia of Heliopolis">Eudokia of Heliopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justa_(rebel)" title="Justa (rebel)">Justa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marinus_of_Neapolis" title="Marinus of Neapolis">Marinus of Neapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baba_Rabba" title="Baba Rabba">Baba Rabba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julianus_ben_Sabar" title="Julianus ben Sabar">Julianus ben Sabar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samaria" title="Samaria">Samaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuthites" title="Cuthites">Cuthites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites">Israelites</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Ephraim" title="Tribe of Ephraim">Tribe of Ephraim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Manasseh" title="Tribe of Manasseh">Tribe of Manasseh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Levi" title="Tribe of Levi">Tribe of Levi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Good_Samaritan" title="Parable of the Good Samaritan">Parable of the Good Samaritan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_woman_at_the_well" title="Samaritan woman at the well">Samaritan woman at the well</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_Lost_Tribes" title="Ten Lost Tribes">Ten Lost Tribes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" 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