CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-not-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Cookbook:Bread - Wikibooks, open books for an open world</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-not-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikibooksmwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"dc7e5c2f-34fb-41e7-a2de-68065987d2dd","wgCanonicalNamespace":"Cookbook","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":102,"wgPageName":"Cookbook:Bread","wgTitle":"Bread","wgCurRevisionId":4435337,"wgRevisionId":4435337,"wgArticleId":8099,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Ingredients"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Cookbook:Bread","wgRelevantArticleId":8099,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikibooks","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"value":{"levels":3}}},"wgStableRevisionId":4435337,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true, "wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q7802","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["architecture","bitness","brands","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"wgSiteNoticeId":"2.24"};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.categoryTree.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready", "skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.flaggedRevs.basic":"ready","mediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready","ext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.categoryTree","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.flaggedRevs.advanced","ext.gadget.wikidialog","ext.gadget.commons-file","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","wikibase.sidebar.tracking","ext.dismissableSiteNotice"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.categoryTree.styles%7Cext.cite.styles%7Cext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles%7Cext.flaggedRevs.basic%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cmediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.3"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Cookbook:Bread - Wikibooks, open books for an open world"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Bread"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit" href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&action=edit"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikibooks.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikibooks (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikibooks.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Bread"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikibooks Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-102 ns-subject mw-editable page-Cookbook_Bread rootpage-Cookbook_Bread skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main Page</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Find help on how to use and edit Wikibooks"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-Browse" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Card_Catalog_Office" title="Check out what Wikibooks has to offer"><span>Browse</span></a></li><li id="n-Cookbook" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Table_of_Contents" title="Learn recipes from around the world"><span>Cookbook</span></a></li><li id="n-Wikijunior" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikijunior" title="Books for children"><span>Wikijunior</span></a></li><li id="n-Featured-books" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Featured_books" title="The best of Wikibooks"><span>Featured books</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes in the wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-randomrootpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RandomInCategory/Book:Wikibooks_Stacks/Books"><span>Random book</span></a></li><li id="n-Using-Wikibooks" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Using_Wikibooks"><span>Using Wikibooks</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-community" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-community" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Community </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Reading-room-forum" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Reading_room"><span>Reading room forum</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Community_Portal" title="Find your way around the Wikibooks community"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Reading_room/Bulletin_Board" title="Important community news"><span>Bulletin Board</span></a></li><li id="n-maintenance" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Maintenance" title="Frequent tasks that you can help with"><span>Help out!</span></a></li><li id="n-Policies-and-guidelines" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Policies_and_guidelines" title="Pages detailing important rules and procedures"><span>Policies and guidelines</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Contact_us" title="Alternative methods of communication"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikibooks.svg" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikibooks" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikibooks-wordmark-vi.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.9375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Textbook Project" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikibooks-tagline-en.svg" width="120" height="10" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.625em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikibooks [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikibooks" aria-label="Search Wikibooks" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikibooks [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikibooks.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donations</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Cookbook%3ABread" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Cookbook%3ABread" title="You are encouraged to log in; however, it is not mandatory [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikibooks.org&uselang=en"><span>Donations</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Cookbook%3ABread" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Cookbook%3ABread" title="You are encouraged to log in; however, it is not mandatory [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussion for this IP address</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Edismiss\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"anonnotice\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"width: fit-content; padding: 5px; border: 3px solid gray; background-color: #fafafa; text-align: center; margin: auto;\"\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/File:OOjs_UI_icon_robot.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/OOjs_UI_icon_robot.svg/40px-OOjs_UI_icon_robot.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"40\" height=\"40\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/OOjs_UI_icon_robot.svg/60px-OOjs_UI_icon_robot.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/OOjs_UI_icon_robot.svg/80px-OOjs_UI_icon_robot.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"20\" data-file-height=\"20\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E The Wikibooks community is developing a policy on the use of generative AI. Please review the \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Wikibooks:Artificial_Intelligence\" title=\"Wikibooks:Artificial Intelligence\"\u003Edraft policy\u003C/a\u003E and provide feedback on \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Wikibooks_talk:Artificial_Intelligence\" title=\"Wikibooks talk:Artificial Intelligence\"\u003Eits talk page\u003C/a\u003E.\n\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Cookbook:Bread</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 5 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-5" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">5 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikibooks.org/wiki/Artes_culinarias/Recetas/Pan_casero" title="Artes culinarias/Recetas/Pan casero – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Artes culinarias/Recetas/Pan casero" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikibooks.org/wiki/Livre_de_cuisine/Recettes_de_pains" title="Livre de cuisine/Recettes de pains – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Livre de cuisine/Recettes de pains" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikibooks.org/wiki/Kookboek/Brood" title="Kookboek/Brood – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kookboek/Brood" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikibooks.org/wiki/Carte_de_bucate:P%C3%A2ine" title="Carte de bucate:Pâine – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Carte de bucate:Pâine" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%82:%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1" title="Рецепт:Хлеб – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рецепт:Хлеб" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7802#sitelinks-wikibooks" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-cookbook" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Bread" title="View the subject page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Recipe</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook_talk:Bread" rel="discussion" title="Discussion about the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Bread"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&veaction=edit" title="Edit this page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&action=edit" title="Edit the source code of this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit source</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Bread"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&veaction=edit" title="Edit this page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&action=edit" title="Edit the source code of this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit source</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Cookbook:Bread" title="A list of all wiki pages that link here [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Cookbook:Bread" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=en" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&oldid=4435337" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Cookbook%3ABread&id=4435337&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FCookbook%3ABread"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FCookbook%3ABread"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-sister_projects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-sister_projects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sister projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Wikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page"><span>Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Wikiversity" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wikiversity:Main_Page"><span>Wikiversity</span></a></li><li id="n-Wiktionary" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:Main_Page"><span>Wiktionary</span></a></li><li id="n-Wikiquote" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Main_Page"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li id="n-Wikisource" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Main_Page"><span>Wikisource</span></a></li><li id="n-Wikinews" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Main_Page"><span>Wikinews</span></a></li><li id="n-Wikivoyage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Main_Page"><span>Wikivoyage</span></a></li><li id="n-Commons" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li id="n-Wikidata" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Main_Page"><span>Wikidata</span></a></li><li id="n-MediaWiki" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Main_Page"><span>MediaWiki</span></a></li><li id="n-Meta-Wiki" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page"><span>Meta-Wiki</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Cookbook%3ABread"><span>Create a collection</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Cookbook%3ABread&action=show-download-screen"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Bread" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikipedia mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bread" hreflang="en"><span>Wikipedia</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Bread" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7802" title="Link to connected data repository item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikibooks, open books for an open world</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4421339">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent;color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox" style="background-color: #f6f6f6; min-width: 300px; font-size:small; padding: 5px"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #58E0D5; font-size:medium; overflow-wrap: break-word; width:300px;">Bread</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bread_in_Boudin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Bread_in_Boudin.jpg/300px-Bread_in_Boudin.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Bread_in_Boudin.jpg/450px-Bread_in_Boudin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Bread_in_Boudin.jpg/600px-Bread_in_Boudin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align: left;">Category</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Category:Ingredients" title="Category:Ingredients">Ingredients</a></td></tr></tbody></table><p><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Table_of_Contents" title="Cookbook:Table of Contents">Cookbook</a> | <a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Recipes" title="Cookbook:Recipes">Recipes</a> | <a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Ingredients" title="Cookbook:Ingredients">Ingredients</a> | <a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Equipment" title="Cookbook:Equipment">Equipment</a> | <a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Cooking_Techniques" title="Cookbook:Cooking Techniques">Techniques</a> | <a href="/wiki/Category:Cookbook_disambiguation_pages" title="Category:Cookbook disambiguation pages">Cookbook Disambiguation Pages</a> | <a href="/wiki/Category:Ingredients" title="Category:Ingredients">Ingredients</a> <span id="displaytitle" title="Ingredient"></span> </p><p><b>Bread</b> is a type of cooked preparation made from a <a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Dough" title="Cookbook:Dough">dough</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Flour" title="Cookbook:Flour">flour</a> and water, often with additional ingredients.<sup id="cite_ref-:22_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:12_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Varieties">Varieties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Varieties" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Varieties"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are many types of bread across the world, each with its own history, style, and taste. Typically, these can be described according to a couple characteristics. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leavened_vs_unleavened">Leavened vs unleavened</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Leavened vs unleavened" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Leavened vs unleavened"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Leavened breads</b> include a <a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Leavening_Agent" title="Cookbook:Leavening Agent">component to lighten and expand the crumb</a>, while <b>unleavened breads</b> do not.<sup id="cite_ref-:32_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:32-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, unleavened bread is usually denser. Beyond the simple presence/absence of leavener, breads can also be classified as <b>yeasted breads</b>, which use yeast as the leavener, or <b>quickbreads</b>, which use a chemical leavener like <a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Baking_Powder" title="Cookbook:Baking Powder">baking powder</a> or <a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Baking_Soda" title="Cookbook:Baking Soda">baking soda</a>—either way, the resulting carbon dioxide gas is what leavens the bread.<sup id="cite_ref-:32_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:32-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Loaves_vs_flatbreads">Loaves vs flatbreads</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Loaves vs flatbreads" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Loaves vs flatbreads"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Afghan_bread.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Afghan_bread.jpg/220px-Afghan_bread.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Afghan_bread.jpg/330px-Afghan_bread.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Afghan_bread.jpg/440px-Afghan_bread.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1091" data-file-height="818" /></a><figcaption>Flatbread example</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Loaves</b> are shaped to have several inches of height, with an outer crust and inner crumb that have different textures—they are almost always leavened and made with a significant proportion of wheat flour. On the other hand, <b>flatbreads</b> are thin and usually crustless, though they may be either leavened or unleavened. Because of their simplicity and non-reliance on leavening, flatbreads are the most basic and widespread type of bread worldwide,<b><sup id="cite_ref-:92_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:92-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b> and they can use a range of flours. Typically, flatbreads local to a culture will incorporate the grains or starches local to that area.<b><sup id="cite_ref-:92_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:92-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lean_vs_enriched">Lean vs enriched</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Lean vs enriched" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Lean vs enriched"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Lean breads</b> have little to no fat in them, while <b>enriched breads</b> contain fat, eggs, and or sugar, all of which impact the texture.<sup id="cite_ref-:102_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:102-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Typically, enriched breads have a much softer and more tender crumb as a result. Like cheese, bread is made from very simple ingredients, and it is the specific choices made during the multi-stage production process that create the wide array of options we see.<sup id="cite_ref-:102_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:102-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Production" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Production"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mixing">Mixing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Mixing" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Mixing"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kneading.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Kneading.jpg/220px-Kneading.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="312" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Kneading.jpg/330px-Kneading.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Kneading.jpg/440px-Kneading.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1764" data-file-height="2502" /></a><figcaption>Kneading by hand</figcaption></figure> <p>The vast majority of breads begin by simply combining the ingredients into a dough, followed by a period of continuous kneading in <a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Gluten" title="Cookbook:Gluten">gluten</a>-based doughs. In the first or "pickup" step, all the ingredients are combined on a low speed to make a rough and shaggy dough.<sup id="cite_ref-:72_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:72-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:52_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:52-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If needed, adjustments can be made at this point.<sup id="cite_ref-:62_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:62-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dough is then kneaded at a medium (not high)<sup id="cite_ref-:72_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:72-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> speed for several minutes until all flour is incorporated, the dough is smooth and shiny, and the gluten is properly developed.<sup id="cite_ref-:52_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:52-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:62_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:62-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:42_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:42-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Add-ins like nuts or fruit may then be incorporated.<sup id="cite_ref-:62_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:62-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kneading time depends on the type of dough being made, as well as the type of flour used—harder wheat flours require more kneading.<sup id="cite_ref-:42_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:42-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One good way to tell if a wheat dough is ready is through the "windowpane test". Here, a piece of the dough is gently stretched as thin as possible into a square—if the gluten network is strong enough, the dough will form a nearly translucent membrane through which you will be able to see light.<sup id="cite_ref-:72_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:72-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:52_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:52-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:62_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:62-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Conversely, if the dough is ropy and tears, the dough is not ready. Note that it is technically possible to over-knead dough, at which point the gluten network will start to break down and the dough will become a sticky mess that cannot be rescued.<sup id="cite_ref-:72_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:72-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:52_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:52-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, this is typically not a concern when hand-kneading or using a basic mixer—rather, it is more of a concern in large-scale bakeries with powerful mixers. </p><p>Kneading serves several important purposes. As the dough is mixed, the water begins to hydrate both the starch and the proteins.<sup id="cite_ref-:82_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:82-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The continued agitation of the hydrated mixture detangles glutenin and gliadin proteins and encourages them to bond to each other, thus creating a strong and flexible gluten network that is necessary to trap gas bubbles, retain moisture, and provide structure to the bread.<sup id="cite_ref-:32_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:32-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:52_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:52-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:42_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:42-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:82_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:82-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kneading also increases the dough's temperature via friction and distributes the yeast throughout.<sup id="cite_ref-:52_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:52-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:62_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:62-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Serious bread bakers will often seek to carefully regulate the temperature of the dough as it comes out of the mixing stage, in order to get it off to a desirable start during fermentation. In order to do so, the baker will often take the temperature of the ingredients and the room, then use a formula to calculate the required temperature of the water to get the desired final dough temperature with the given parameters.<sup id="cite_ref-:62_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:62-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, ice-cold water may be used to counterbalance a hot environment or long mixing time, or to otherwise slow down fermentation.<sup id="cite_ref-:72_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:72-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Direct_vs_indirect_method">Direct vs indirect method</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Direct vs indirect method" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Direct vs indirect method"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While all yeasted wheat doughs are mixed and kneaded, there are two primary methods used, which produces slightly different results. In the "straight" or "direct" mixing method for yeasted wheat doughs, the ingredients (flour, liquid, yeast, salt, and additions) are simply combined in one stage and mixed.<sup id="cite_ref-:72_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:72-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:52_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:52-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:62_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:62-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The yeast may or may not first be activated by mixing with sugar and warm water, depending on the variety. The dough then proceeds to the bulk fermentation stage. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Focaccia_-_Poolish_the_next_day.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Focaccia_-_Poolish_the_next_day.jpg/220px-Focaccia_-_Poolish_the_next_day.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Focaccia_-_Poolish_the_next_day.jpg/330px-Focaccia_-_Poolish_the_next_day.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Focaccia_-_Poolish_the_next_day.jpg/440px-Focaccia_-_Poolish_the_next_day.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Poolish after a day's fermentation—note the bubbles</figcaption></figure> <p>On the other hand, the "preferment" or "indirect" mixing method builds the final dough in separate stages, with an intermediate fermentation stage between them.<sup id="cite_ref-:72_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:72-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:62_8-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:62-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Owing to the long fermentation time, this type of dough creation results in more complex flavor and improved texture,<sup id="cite_ref-:62_8-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:62-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:52_7-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:52-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> especially in breads with a proportion of non-wheat flour like rye. There are several types of pre-ferment, which range in texture and fermentation style. A <b>pâte fermentée</b> is just a piece of bread dough from a day or two prior that has been kept in the fridge.<sup id="cite_ref-:72_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:72-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <b>sponge</b> combines a recipe's yeast, liquid, and half the flour, allows this mixture to ferment for about an hour until doubled, and then mixes in the remaining flour and other ingredients.<sup id="cite_ref-:72_6-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:72-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:62_8-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:62-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <b>poolish</b> is a thin mixture of approximately equal weights flour and water, with variable quantities of yeast depending on the desired fermentation time—less yeast and water means a longer fermentation. The poolish is then allowed to ferment a little past its peak rise (typically several hours) before incorporation into the final dough.<sup id="cite_ref-:72_6-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:72-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:52_7-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:52-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <b>biga</b> is a stiff mixture of only 50% hydration and 1% yeast that is allowed to ferment for 16–18 hours before incorporation into the final dough.<sup id="cite_ref-:72_6-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:72-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:52_7-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:52-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to the lower hydration, bigas tend to be more stable over time than thinner pre-ferments like poolish.<sup id="cite_ref-:52_7-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:52-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A sourdough starter is a long-term, living mixture that sustains an ongoing population of wild yeast and bacteria in a flour-and-water mixture.<sup id="cite_ref-:32_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:32-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:72_6-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:72-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It must be regularly fed, and it contributes complex, sour flavors to the final dough that incorporates it.<sup id="cite_ref-:72_6-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:72-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <b>levain</b> or <b>leaven sponge</b> is simply a sponge that uses sourdough starter instead of commercial yeast.<sup id="cite_ref-:52_7-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:52-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_rise">First rise</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: First rise" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: First rise"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Craisin_bread_dough.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Craisin_bread_dough.jpg/220px-Craisin_bread_dough.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Craisin_bread_dough.jpg/330px-Craisin_bread_dough.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Craisin_bread_dough.jpg/440px-Craisin_bread_dough.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2931" data-file-height="2146" /></a><figcaption>Dough in the first rise</figcaption></figure> <p>After mixing, yeasted doughs must undergo a period of <a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Fermentation" title="Cookbook:Fermentation">fermentation</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:32_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:32-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sometimes called the "first rise", "bulk fermentation", or "proofing".<sup id="cite_ref-:72_6-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:72-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:52_7-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:52-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this stage, the entire dough is covered, greased, or placed in a humid environment to prevent a skin from forming, and the entire mass is allowed to rest and rise until doubled in volume.<sup id="cite_ref-:72_6-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:72-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:52_7-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:52-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:42_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:42-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The exact duration of this rising period will depend on the amount of yeast in the dough, the ambient temperature, and whether the dough is enriched—less yeast, cooler temperatures, and greater enrichment will all slow down the process.<sup id="cite_ref-:52_7-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:52-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:62_8-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:62-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> You can tell whether the dough is ready by gently poking it with a finger or two—when ready, the dough should no longer spring back, instead leaving an impression.<sup id="cite_ref-:62_8-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:62-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some recipes call for the dough to be gently folded over itself periodically during rising. This is said to help further develop the gluten and properly distribute the carbon dioxide.<sup id="cite_ref-:72_6-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:72-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:82_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:82-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This rising period causes several key effects. First, the fermentation of the dough by the yeast and any bacteria generates various organic molecules such as alcohols and acids, which add a more complex flavor.<sup id="cite_ref-:72_6-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:72-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:52_7-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:52-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:62_8-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:62-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of these substances also have a conditioning effect on the dough by tenderizing the gluten network, thereby making them stretchier, with better structure and mouthfeel.<sup id="cite_ref-:72_6-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:72-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:52_7-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:52-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:62_8-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:62-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:42_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:42-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This gluten network also traps the carbon dioxide produced by the microbes in the dough, giving it a lighter crumb.<sup id="cite_ref-:32_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:32-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:82_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:82-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Note that the temperature can be adjusted to regulate the dough and its qualities. The base temperature range that optimizes yeast growth is 24–27°C (75–80°F).<sup id="cite_ref-:52_7-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:52-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:42_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:42-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Below 21 °C (70 °F), the yeast's activity is slowed, and bacteria and their byproducts are favored<sup id="cite_ref-:52_7-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:52-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:42_9-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:42-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—deliberately fermenting the dough at cool temperatures (3–10°C/38–50°F) is called retardation, and it causes greater acidity and development of the dough's flavor.<sup id="cite_ref-:72_6-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:72-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:52_7-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:52-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:62_8-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:62-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Note that dough can still become over-proofed while refrigerated if left too long. </p><p>A good environment for rising bread is an oven; turning the oven on to a low setting for a few minutes prior to putting the dough in will encourage better leavening, but remember to turn the oven off for when the dough is in. Professionals will have dedicated proofing boxes, which ensure an optimum environment for bread to rise. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deflating">Deflating</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Deflating" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Deflating"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The next step after fermentation is to gently deflate the dough, which is sometimes confusingly called "punching down" or "knocking down", even though you should not actually be so rough with the dough.<sup id="cite_ref-:82_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:82-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This process involves gently folding and pressing down on the dough, which releases excess carbon dioxide and breaks large bubbles into smaller, finer ones.<sup id="cite_ref-:822_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:822-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also evens out the temperature and relaxes the gluten network, which helps with shaping.<sup id="cite_ref-:62_8-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:62-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:82_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:82-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shaping">Shaping</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Shaping" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Shaping"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Challah_Braiding.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Challah_Braiding.jpg/220px-Challah_Braiding.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Challah_Braiding.jpg/330px-Challah_Braiding.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Challah_Braiding.jpg/440px-Challah_Braiding.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1758" data-file-height="1132" /></a><figcaption>Braiding bread dough</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kastenform_mit_brot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Kastenform_mit_brot.jpg/220px-Kastenform_mit_brot.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Kastenform_mit_brot.jpg/330px-Kastenform_mit_brot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Kastenform_mit_brot.jpg/440px-Kastenform_mit_brot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1321" /></a><figcaption>Bread in a loaf pan</figcaption></figure> <p>Bread dough can be shaped into a multitude of shapes/styles, through various techniques like stretching, <a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Dough#Rolling" title="Cookbook:Dough">rolling out</a>, rolling up into a spiral, folding, twisting, and molding.<sup id="cite_ref-:72_6-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:72-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:42_9-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:42-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Flatbreads are often patted or rolled out thin. Free-form loaves may be shaped using the hands, baskets, or thick cloths.<sup id="cite_ref-:72_6-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:72-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:62_8-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:62-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dough may also be placed in a loaf pan or pot to give it a rigid form. In some cases, the dough may be slashed or scored with a sharp tool, either before or after the second rise, to help the bread rise properly in the oven and to give it an appealing design.<sup id="cite_ref-:72_6-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:72-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:62_8-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:62-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sometimes, a brief 10–20 minute rest period is enacted before the final shaping in order to let the gluten relax further.<sup id="cite_ref-:72_6-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:72-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_rise">Second rise</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Second rise" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Second rise"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some yeasted breads—typically loaves—are given a second rising stage after shaping, and it is this rise that governs the final crumb in the oven.<sup id="cite_ref-:52_7-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:52-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of the same principles apply as with the first rise, and this rise is typically always done at warm room temperature.<sup id="cite_ref-:52_7-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:52-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, unless making small items like rolls, the dough should not be allowed to rise to its maximum, or it may over-proof in the oven and collapse.<sup id="cite_ref-:72_6-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:72-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:42_9-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:42-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Garnishing">Garnishing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Garnishing" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Garnishing"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Garnishes may be applied to the outsides of some breads before baking, providing added texture and flavor. These garnishes are as varied as those that can go into a loaf. Some common garnishes include <a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Sesame_Seed" title="Cookbook:Sesame Seed">sesame seeds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Poppy_Seed" title="Cookbook:Poppy Seed">poppy seeds</a>, herbs, <a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Cheese" title="Cookbook:Cheese">cheese</a>, coarse salt, and <a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Onion" title="Cookbook:Onion">onion</a>. Some garnishes will stick better if applied on top of an egg or milk wash. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cooking">Cooking</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Cooking" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Cooking"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Breads are typically cooked by <a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Baking" title="Cookbook:Baking">baking</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Steaming" title="Cookbook:Steaming">steaming</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Frying" title="Cookbook:Frying">frying</a>. Frying is the simplest method, achieved by placing a flatbread on a hot stone, pan, or metal sheet. Some breads can be steamed in a simple pot steamer setup to yield a soft bread with no significant crust.<sup id="cite_ref-:32_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:32-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In baking, the bread is typically placed in a very hot oven, where it begins to cook from the outside in.<sup id="cite_ref-:42_9-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:42-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the dough is warmed, the yeast gets a final rapid proofing stage and produces extra carbon dioxide before being killed by the heat.<sup id="cite_ref-:42_9-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:42-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The protein network also weakens slightly, allowing the gas bubbles in the dough to expand further.<sup id="cite_ref-:52_7-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:52-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This expansion of the dough in the oven is called "oven spring".<sup id="cite_ref-:72_6-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:72-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around 60°C (140°F), the starch begins to gelatinize and set, and proteins denature and set around 71–74°C (160–165°F), contributing to the finished structure of the loaf.<sup id="cite_ref-:52_7-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:52-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:42_9-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:42-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once the crust is fully set at around 90°C (194°F), the oven spring halts, as further expansion is no longer possible.<sup id="cite_ref-:82_10-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:82-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From this point on, the inner structure continues to set, water evaporates, and the crust dries out and browns.<sup id="cite_ref-:42_9-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:42-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:82_10-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:82-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finally, the bread is cooked when it sounds hollow when tapped, usually around 82–88°C (180–190°F) for enriched breads and 88–99°C (190–210°F) for lean breads—instant-read thermometers are helpful here.<sup id="cite_ref-:52_7-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:52-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:62_8-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:62-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is usually very important to use a very hot oven when baking loaves, in order to cause a rapid expansion and setting, avoiding collapse.<sup id="cite_ref-:42_9-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:42-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is especially important when baking free-form loaves.<sup id="cite_ref-:52_7-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:52-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In many cases, steam is added to the oven early in the baking process, which helps to form make a crisp and shiny crust by gelatinizing the starch and facilitating enzymatic reactions at the surface.<sup id="cite_ref-:72_6-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:72-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:52_7-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:52-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:62_8-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:62-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:42_9-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:42-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Note that this effect is only applicable in the early stages of baking; injecting steam into the oven at later stages would just re-moisten the bread. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cooling">Cooling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Cooling" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Cooling"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With loaves of bread, cooling is an important stage. They must be allowed to rest so the starch can cool and set properly.<sup id="cite_ref-:62_8-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:62-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:82_10-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:82-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> You also want to make sure it is removed from any pans and cooled on a rack in order to prevent condensation and softening of the crust.<sup id="cite_ref-:72_6-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:72-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:62_8-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:62-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Characteristics" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Characteristics"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The specific properties of bread are governed by a variety of factors. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flour">Flour</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Flour" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Flour"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Wheat" title="Cookbook:Wheat">Wheat</a> flour is the most popular flour to use in loaves, because wheat has many qualities that contribute to a good loaf. White flour is used more frequently than unrefined whole wheat flour. Additionally, older, more oxidized flour will form a stronger gluten network.<sup id="cite_ref-:82_10-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:82-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other flours used include those of <a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Rye" title="Cookbook:Rye">rye</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Corn" title="Cookbook:Corn">corn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Oats" title="Cookbook:Oats">oat</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Barley" title="Cookbook:Barley">barley</a>. Using a mixture of different flours can make an interesting loaf of bread. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liquid">Liquid</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Liquid" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Liquid"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Water, or some other liquid, is used to form the flour into a paste or dough. The volume of liquid required varies between recipes, but a ratio of 1 part liquid to 3 parts flour is common for yeast breads, while recipes that use steam as the primary leavening method may have a liquid content in excess of one part liquid to one part flour by volume. In addition to water, other types of liquids that may be used include dairy products, fruit juices, or beer. In addition to the water in each of these, they also contribute additional sweeteners, fats, and/or leavening components. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flavor">Flavor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Flavor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Flavor"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In lean breads made mainly with wheat flour and water, the flavor comes primarily from the byproducts of fermentation and from Maillard/caramelization reactions at high heat.<sup id="cite_ref-:32_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:32-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:82_10-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:82-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In these breads, longer fermentation and interesting microbial cultures (e.g. sourdough) are typically the key to more developed flavors.<sup id="cite_ref-:72_6-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:72-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In enriched doughs, the fat contributes and carries additional flavor. Flavor can also be developed in breads by incorporating ingredients with distinctive flavors, such as non-wheat flours, flavorful liquids, spices and herbs, and dairy products. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Texture">Texture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Texture" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Texture"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Texture in breads is generally governed by the flour, water, and fat in the dough. The flour is typically what contributes starch and protein, including gluten, to the bread.<sup id="cite_ref-:72_6-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:72-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> High-gluten breads like those made from wheat have the ability to incorporate air bubbles and a light, elastic crumb.<sup id="cite_ref-:42_9-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:42-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whole-grain flours make a denser and less soft bread.<sup id="cite_ref-:32_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:32-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:52_7-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:52-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Breads with higher hydration levels have a more open and chewy texture.<sup id="cite_ref-:72_6-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:72-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:52_7-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:52-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fats also play an interesting role in bread texture, generally contributing a tenderizing quality.<sup id="cite_ref-:42_9-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:42-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In gluten-containing doughs, a small amount (3% by weight) of fat will help reinforce the gluten network and increase the viscoelastic nature of the bread<sup id="cite_ref-:42_9-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:42-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—however, greater than that, the fat will interfere with the gluten network, producing a softer crumb and crust.<sup id="cite_ref-:72_6-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:72-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:42_9-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:42-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:82_10-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:82-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In all breads, fats will coat the starch granules, which helps delay staling by delaying the release of moisture from the bread.<sup id="cite_ref-:42_9-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:42-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:82_10-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:82-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Salt tightens the gluten network, but it also helps inhibit enzymes that can digest and degrade the gluten network.<sup id="cite_ref-:42_9-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:42-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Add-ins">Add-ins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Add-ins" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Add-ins"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Once the basic ingredients have been considered, a lot of the experimentation comes in the extra additions to a loaf. Nuts and seeds can add both extra nutrition and variety in taste and texture. Some dried fruit, such as <a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Raisin" title="Cookbook:Raisin">raisins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Cranberry" title="Cookbook:Cranberry">cranberries</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Apricot" title="Cookbook:Apricot">apricots</a>, may be found enjoyable in a loaf, especially a sweeter one. Cheese in bread is popular, and it may be mixed in directly with the dough or rolled in during the final shaping stages. Adding different herbs and spices can change how a loaf is perceived dramatically. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selection_and_storage">Selection and storage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Selection and storage" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Selection and storage"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When selecting bread, decide what attributes you want.<sup id="cite_ref-:102_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:102-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Generic commercial "sandwich" bread and rolls are very soft, with minimal crust and flavor, but they are easy to eat with sandwiches. If you're looking for a more flavorful and textural bread, artisan-style breads with crisp crust and well-developed interior are better. Flatbreads are great for eating with the hands and/or containing foods, and <a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Gluten-Free" title="Cookbook:Gluten-Free">gluten-free</a> options are available. </p><p>Bread going stale is not just a matter of it losing moisture and drying out, although this is a part of the problem. The main reason for staling is the crystallisation of the starch molecules within bread, whereby the molecules lock together.<sup id="cite_ref-:82_10-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:82-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moisture in bread sits between the starch molecules, inhibiting the crystallisation process. Evaporation of this moisture, which is accelerated by increased surface area, therefore contributes to a speedier staling. The crystallisation takes place over time, so the longer the bread sits out, the more it occurs and the harder the bread gets. Breads with high moisture and/or fat will stale more slowly. Breads that undergo a long fermentation period also stale more slowly.<sup id="cite_ref-:72_6-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:72-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:52_7-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:52-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Refrigerating bread accelerates the staling process, and freezing interrupts it.<sup id="cite_ref-:82_10-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:82-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, bread is best stored at room temperature for up to a day or so, followed by freezing for longer-term storage.<sup id="cite_ref-:62_8-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:62-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:42_9-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:42-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With slightly stale bread, moistening and heating it can temporarily reverse the staling by interfering with the starch crystallization<sup id="cite_ref-:42_9-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:42-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:82_10-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:82-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—moistening and toasting slightly stale bread can help recover it for eating. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Techniques">Techniques</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Techniques" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Techniques"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Autolyse">Autolyse</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Autolyse" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: Autolyse"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The autolyse is a special technique sometimes used when mixing lean wheat bread doughs. In this process, the flour and water are gently combined on low speed, then left to rest and hydrate for 10–30 minutes.<sup id="cite_ref-:72_6-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:72-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:52_7-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:52-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This rest period allows enzymes to break down the gluten proteins into smaller pieces that will align more quickly into a stronger network,<sup id="cite_ref-:52_7-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:52-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:82_10-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:82-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it also helps high-fiber flour to better absorb water.<sup id="cite_ref-:72_6-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:72-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ultimately, this shortens the kneading stage after the remaining ingredients are incorporated and makes the dough easier to handle.<sup id="cite_ref-:72_6-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:72-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:52_7-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:52-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:82_10-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:82-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Soakers">Soakers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Soakers" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section's source code: Soakers"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>If incorporating grains and seeds into a bread dough, it's good practice to pre-soak them in liquid overnight before incorporating into the dough. This prevents them from pulling moisture out of the dough, which would negatively affect the bread's final texture.<sup id="cite_ref-:72_6-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:72-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:52_7-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:52-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use">Use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Use" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section's source code: Use"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Breads are nearly ubiquitous across the world, playing a range of roles in cuisine. Flatbreads like roti, naan, and more are often used to help pick up foods. <a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Tortilla" title="Cookbook:Tortilla">Tortillas</a> and sliced breads are used to enclose fillings for consumption. Breads of all kinds may also be served alongside dishes to soak up liquids and add bulk to a meal. Loaves of bread can even be hollowed out to make "bread bowls" that contain soups, soften, and take on additional flavor.<sup id="cite_ref-:42_9-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:42-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Breads soaked in egg or other rich liquids can be baked or fried, making a hearty breakfast or sweet dessert. Breads have also historically been used as thickeners for soups and sauces,<sup id="cite_ref-:102_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:102-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:42_9-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:42-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and they can be processed into croutons and breadcrumbs for incorporation into dishes.<sup id="cite_ref-:102_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:102-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:42_9-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:42-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Substitution">Substitution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Substitution" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section's source code: Substitution"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some breads can be substituted for each other if they have similar properties, especially if they are simply to be served alongside a dish or used as a vehicle for food. Crackers or crispbreads may also be substituted, depending on the function. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recipes">Recipes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Recipes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section's source code: Recipes"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recipes_for_bread">Recipes for bread</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Recipes for bread" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section's source code: Recipes for bread"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="column-count:3"> <div class="CategoryTreeTag" data-ct-options="{"mode":20,"hideprefix":20,"showcount":false,"namespaces":false,"notranslations":false}"><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Recipes_for_bread" data-ct-loaded="1" aria-expanded="true"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Recipes_for_bread" title="Category:Recipes for bread">Recipes for bread</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren"><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Biscuit_recipes" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Biscuit_recipes" title="Category:Biscuit recipes">Biscuit recipes</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Recipes_for_cornbread" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Recipes_for_cornbread" title="Category:Recipes for cornbread">Recipes for cornbread</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Recipes_for_flatbread" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Recipes_for_flatbread" title="Category:Recipes for flatbread">Recipes for flatbread</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Alkubus_(Nigerian_Steamed_Bread)" title="Cookbook:Alkubus (Nigerian Steamed Bread)">Cookbook:Alkubus (Nigerian Steamed Bread)</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Anise_Bread_(Penia)" title="Cookbook:Anise Bread (Penia)">Cookbook:Anise Bread (Penia)</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Apple_Potato_Bread" title="Cookbook:Apple Potato Bread">Cookbook:Apple Potato Bread</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Bacon_and_Cheese_Puffs" title="Cookbook:Bacon and Cheese Puffs">Cookbook:Bacon and Cheese Puffs</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Baguette" title="Cookbook:Baguette">Cookbook:Baguette</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Basic_Bread_Dough" title="Cookbook:Basic Bread Dough">Cookbook:Basic Bread Dough</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Beer_Bread" title="Cookbook:Beer Bread">Cookbook:Beer Bread</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Buchteln_(Austrian_Sweet_Buns)" title="Cookbook:Buchteln (Austrian Sweet Buns)">Cookbook:Buchteln (Austrian Sweet Buns)</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Bulgur_Bread" title="Cookbook:Bulgur Bread">Cookbook:Bulgur Bread</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Calentita_(Gibraltarian_Chickpea_Bread)" title="Cookbook:Calentita (Gibraltarian Chickpea Bread)">Cookbook:Calentita (Gibraltarian Chickpea Bread)</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Cardamom_Bread" title="Cookbook:Cardamom Bread">Cookbook:Cardamom Bread</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Challah" title="Cookbook:Challah">Cookbook:Challah</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Cheddar_and_Broccoli_Bread_Roll" title="Cookbook:Cheddar and Broccoli Bread Roll">Cookbook:Cheddar and Broccoli Bread Roll</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Cheese_and_Bacon_Rolls" title="Cookbook:Cheese and Bacon Rolls">Cookbook:Cheese and Bacon Rolls</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Cheese_Puffs_(P%C3%A3o_de_Queijo)" title="Cookbook:Cheese Puffs (Pão de Queijo)">Cookbook:Cheese Puffs (Pão de Queijo)</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Chocolate_and_Banana_Bread" title="Cookbook:Chocolate and Banana Bread">Cookbook:Chocolate and Banana Bread</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Chocolate_Chip_Coffee_Cake" title="Cookbook:Chocolate Chip Coffee Cake">Cookbook:Chocolate Chip Coffee Cake</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Chocolate_Chip_Rolls" title="Cookbook:Chocolate Chip Rolls">Cookbook:Chocolate Chip Rolls</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Ciabatta" title="Cookbook:Ciabatta">Cookbook:Ciabatta</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Cinnamon_Bun" title="Cookbook:Cinnamon Bun">Cookbook:Cinnamon Bun</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Damper_(Australian_Campfire_Bread)" title="Cookbook:Damper (Australian Campfire Bread)">Cookbook:Damper (Australian Campfire Bread)</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Deli_Roll_Bread" title="Cookbook:Deli Roll Bread">Cookbook:Deli Roll Bread</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Dhokla_(Steamed_Black_Gram_Bread)" title="Cookbook:Dhokla (Steamed Black Gram Bread)">Cookbook:Dhokla (Steamed Black Gram Bread)</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Doro_Dabo_(Ethiopian_Chicken_with_Spiced_Bread)" title="Cookbook:Doro Dabo (Ethiopian Chicken with Spiced Bread)">Cookbook:Doro Dabo (Ethiopian Chicken with Spiced Bread)</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Doubles_(Trinidadian_Bread_with_Curried_Chickpeas)" title="Cookbook:Doubles (Trinidadian Bread with Curried Chickpeas)">Cookbook:Doubles (Trinidadian Bread with Curried Chickpeas)</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Doughnuts_(Yeasted)" title="Cookbook:Doughnuts (Yeasted)">Cookbook:Doughnuts (Yeasted)</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Drover%27s_Damper" title="Cookbook:Drover's Damper">Cookbook:Drover's Damper</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Easy_Batter_Bread" title="Cookbook:Easy Batter Bread">Cookbook:Easy Batter Bread</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Easy_French_Bread" title="Cookbook:Easy French Bread">Cookbook:Easy French Bread</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Easy_No-knead_Raisin_Bread" title="Cookbook:Easy No-knead Raisin Bread">Cookbook:Easy No-knead Raisin Bread</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:English_Muffins" title="Cookbook:English Muffins">Cookbook:English Muffins</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Focaccia_(Genovese)" title="Cookbook:Focaccia (Genovese)">Cookbook:Focaccia (Genovese)</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Focaccia_I" title="Cookbook:Focaccia I">Cookbook:Focaccia I</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Focaccia_II" title="Cookbook:Focaccia II">Cookbook:Focaccia II</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Focaccia_with_Onion_Marmalade,_Blue_Cheese,_and_Walnuts" title="Cookbook:Focaccia with Onion Marmalade, Blue Cheese, and Walnuts">Cookbook:Focaccia with Onion Marmalade, Blue Cheese, and Walnuts</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:French_Bread" title="Cookbook:French Bread">Cookbook:French Bread</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Fried_Bread" title="Cookbook:Fried Bread">Cookbook:Fried Bread</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Herb_Bubble_Bread" title="Cookbook:Herb Bubble Bread">Cookbook:Herb Bubble Bread</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Hot_Cross_Bun" title="Cookbook:Hot Cross Bun">Cookbook:Hot Cross Bun</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Idli_(Steamed_Rice_and_Black_Gram_Bread)" title="Cookbook:Idli (Steamed Rice and Black Gram Bread)">Cookbook:Idli (Steamed Rice and Black Gram Bread)</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Indian_Hard_Tack_(Baati)" title="Cookbook:Indian Hard Tack (Baati)">Cookbook:Indian Hard Tack (Baati)</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Irish_Soda_Bread" title="Cookbook:Irish Soda Bread">Cookbook:Irish Soda Bread</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Italian_Bread" title="Cookbook:Italian Bread">Cookbook:Italian Bread</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Ka%27ak_(Savory_Ring-Shaped_Biscuit)" title="Cookbook:Ka'ak (Savory Ring-Shaped Biscuit)">Cookbook:Ka'ak (Savory Ring-Shaped Biscuit)</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Khachapuri_(Georgian_Cheese_Bread)" title="Cookbook:Khachapuri (Georgian Cheese Bread)">Cookbook:Khachapuri (Georgian Cheese Bread)</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Khaman_Dhokla_(Steamed_Gram_Bread)" title="Cookbook:Khaman Dhokla (Steamed Gram Bread)">Cookbook:Khaman Dhokla (Steamed Gram Bread)</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Kubaneh_(Yemenite_Pull-Apart_Bread)" title="Cookbook:Kubaneh (Yemenite Pull-Apart Bread)">Cookbook:Kubaneh (Yemenite Pull-Apart Bread)</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:La_Boule_(Steamed_Millet_Bread)" title="Cookbook:La Boule (Steamed Millet Bread)">Cookbook:La Boule (Steamed Millet Bread)</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Luciabullar_(Scandinavian_Saffron_Buns)" title="Cookbook:Luciabullar (Scandinavian Saffron Buns)">Cookbook:Luciabullar (Scandinavian Saffron Buns)</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Madeira_Honey_Cake" title="Cookbook:Madeira Honey Cake">Cookbook:Madeira Honey Cake</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Mini_Herb_Baguettes" title="Cookbook:Mini Herb Baguettes">Cookbook:Mini Herb Baguettes</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Monkey_Bread_I" title="Cookbook:Monkey Bread I">Cookbook:Monkey Bread I</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Monkey_Bread_II" title="Cookbook:Monkey Bread II">Cookbook:Monkey Bread II</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Nigerian_Sardine_Bread" title="Cookbook:Nigerian Sardine Bread">Cookbook:Nigerian Sardine Bread</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:No-Knead_Bread" title="Cookbook:No-Knead Bread">Cookbook:No-Knead Bread</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:No-Knead_Oatmeal_Bread" title="Cookbook:No-Knead Oatmeal Bread">Cookbook:No-Knead Oatmeal Bread</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Nut_Roll" title="Cookbook:Nut Roll">Cookbook:Nut Roll</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Obuwunga_(Ugandan_Traditional_Bread)" title="Cookbook:Obuwunga (Ugandan Traditional Bread)">Cookbook:Obuwunga (Ugandan Traditional Bread)</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Olive_Oil_Bread" title="Cookbook:Olive Oil Bread">Cookbook:Olive Oil Bread</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Pain_au_Levain_Naturel" title="Cookbook:Pain au Levain Naturel">Cookbook:Pain au Levain Naturel</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Pan_de_Jam%C3%B3n" title="Cookbook:Pan de Jamón">Cookbook:Pan de Jamón</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Perfect_Three_Course_Dinner" title="Cookbook:Perfect Three Course Dinner">Cookbook:Perfect Three Course Dinner</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Plain_Bagels" title="Cookbook:Plain Bagels">Cookbook:Plain Bagels</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Poticza" title="Cookbook:Poticza">Cookbook:Poticza</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Pretzels_(Soft)" title="Cookbook:Pretzels (Soft)">Cookbook:Pretzels (Soft)</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Quick_Oat_Bread" title="Cookbook:Quick Oat Bread">Cookbook:Quick Oat Bread</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Rosemary_Bread" title="Cookbook:Rosemary Bread">Cookbook:Rosemary Bread</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Rustic_Beer_Bread" title="Cookbook:Rustic Beer Bread">Cookbook:Rustic Beer Bread</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Rye_Bread" title="Cookbook:Rye Bread">Cookbook:Rye Bread</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:San_Francisco_Sourdough_Bread" title="Cookbook:San Francisco Sourdough Bread">Cookbook:San Francisco Sourdough Bread</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Scottish_Wheat_Bannock_Bread" title="Cookbook:Scottish Wheat Bannock Bread">Cookbook:Scottish Wheat Bannock Bread</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Slow_Cooker_Soda_Bread_with_Spring_Herbs" title="Cookbook:Slow Cooker Soda Bread with Spring Herbs">Cookbook:Slow Cooker Soda Bread with Spring Herbs</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Smokehouse_Burgers" title="Cookbook:Smokehouse Burgers">Cookbook:Smokehouse Burgers</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Soda_Bread" title="Cookbook:Soda Bread">Cookbook:Soda Bread</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Soy_Protein_Bread" title="Cookbook:Soy Protein Bread">Cookbook:Soy Protein Bread</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Spelt_Bread" title="Cookbook:Spelt Bread">Cookbook:Spelt Bread</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Stollen" title="Cookbook:Stollen">Cookbook:Stollen</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Tapalapa_(Gambian_Bread)" title="Cookbook:Tapalapa (Gambian Bread)">Cookbook:Tapalapa (Gambian Bread)</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Welsh_Fruit_Bread_(Bara_Brith)_II" title="Cookbook:Welsh Fruit Bread (Bara Brith) II">Cookbook:Welsh Fruit Bread (Bara Brith) II</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:White_Bread" title="Cookbook:White Bread">Cookbook:White Bread</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Whole_Wheat_Bread" title="Cookbook:Whole Wheat Bread">Cookbook:Whole Wheat Bread</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Whole_Wheat_Bread_(Vegan)" title="Cookbook:Whole Wheat Bread (Vegan)">Cookbook:Whole Wheat Bread (Vegan)</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Whole_Wheat_Irish_Soda_Bread" title="Cookbook:Whole Wheat Irish Soda Bread">Cookbook:Whole Wheat Irish Soda Bread</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Yeasted_Rolls_I" title="Cookbook:Yeasted Rolls I">Cookbook:Yeasted Rolls I</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Yeasted_Rolls_II" title="Cookbook:Yeasted Rolls II">Cookbook:Yeasted Rolls II</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Yoghurt_Bread" title="Cookbook:Yoghurt Bread">Cookbook:Yoghurt Bread</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Yorkshire_Pudding" title="Cookbook:Yorkshire Pudding">Cookbook:Yorkshire Pudding</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Yorkshire_Pudding_(Vegan)" title="Cookbook:Yorkshire Pudding (Vegan)">Cookbook:Yorkshire Pudding (Vegan)</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div></div></div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recipes_using_bread">Recipes using bread</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Recipes using bread" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section's source code: Recipes using bread"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="column-count:3"> <div class="CategoryTreeTag" data-ct-options="{"mode":20,"hideprefix":20,"showcount":false,"namespaces":false,"notranslations":false}"><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Recipes_using_bread" data-ct-loaded="1" aria-expanded="true"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Recipes_using_bread" title="Category:Recipes using bread">Recipes using bread</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren"><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Recipes_using_cornbread" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Recipes_using_cornbread" title="Category:Recipes using cornbread">Recipes using cornbread</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Tortilla_recipes" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Tortilla_recipes" title="Category:Tortilla recipes">Tortilla recipes</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Aj%C3%AD_de_Gallina_(Peruvian_Chili_Chicken)" title="Cookbook:Ají de Gallina (Peruvian Chili Chicken)">Cookbook:Ají de Gallina (Peruvian Chili Chicken)</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Albanian_Fried_Meatballs" title="Cookbook:Albanian Fried Meatballs">Cookbook:Albanian Fried Meatballs</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Algerian_Chakhchoukha_(Vegetable_and_Flatbread_Stew)" title="Cookbook:Algerian Chakhchoukha (Vegetable and Flatbread Stew)">Cookbook:Algerian Chakhchoukha (Vegetable and Flatbread Stew)</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Au_Jus_Sandwich" title="Cookbook:Au Jus Sandwich">Cookbook:Au Jus Sandwich</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Austrian_Napkin_Dumpling_(Serviettenkn%C3%B6del)" title="Cookbook:Austrian Napkin Dumpling (Serviettenknödel)">Cookbook:Austrian Napkin Dumpling (Serviettenknödel)</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Baked_Brunch_Omelet" title="Cookbook:Baked Brunch Omelet">Cookbook:Baked Brunch Omelet</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Baked_Chicken_with_Onions,_Sumac_and_Allspice_(Musakhan)" title="Cookbook:Baked Chicken with Onions, Sumac and Allspice (Musakhan)">Cookbook:Baked Chicken with Onions, Sumac and Allspice (Musakhan)</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Baloney_Sandwich" title="Cookbook:Baloney Sandwich">Cookbook:Baloney Sandwich</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Balsamic_Steak_and_Brie_Paninis" title="Cookbook:Balsamic Steak and Brie Paninis">Cookbook:Balsamic Steak and Brie Paninis</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Banana_Chocolate_Bread_Pudding" title="Cookbook:Banana Chocolate Bread Pudding">Cookbook:Banana Chocolate Bread Pudding</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Beef_Skewers_with_Baguette_Slices" title="Cookbook:Beef Skewers with Baguette Slices">Cookbook:Beef Skewers with Baguette Slices</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Beer_and_Rye_Bread_Porridge_(%C3%98llebr%C3%B8d)" title="Cookbook:Beer and Rye Bread Porridge (Øllebrød)">Cookbook:Beer and Rye Bread Porridge (Øllebrød)</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:BLT_Sandwich" title="Cookbook:BLT Sandwich">Cookbook:BLT Sandwich</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Bread_Filled_with_Potato_Curry_(Pani_Puri)" title="Cookbook:Bread Filled with Potato Curry (Pani Puri)">Cookbook:Bread Filled with Potato Curry (Pani Puri)</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Bread_Pudding" title="Cookbook:Bread Pudding">Cookbook:Bread Pudding</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Bread_with_Tomato_Sauce_(Pappa_al_Pomodoro)" title="Cookbook:Bread with Tomato Sauce (Pappa al Pomodoro)">Cookbook:Bread with Tomato Sauce (Pappa al Pomodoro)</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Brioche_Stuffing" title="Cookbook:Brioche Stuffing">Cookbook:Brioche Stuffing</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Bruschetta" title="Cookbook:Bruschetta">Cookbook:Bruschetta</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:B%C3%A1nh_M%C3%AC" title="Cookbook:Bánh Mì">Cookbook:Bánh Mì</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Cheese_Egg_Toast" title="Cookbook:Cheese Egg Toast">Cookbook:Cheese Egg Toast</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Cheese_on_Toast" title="Cookbook:Cheese on Toast">Cookbook:Cheese on Toast</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Cheese_Spread_on_French_Bread" title="Cookbook:Cheese Spread on French Bread">Cookbook:Cheese Spread on French Bread</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Chicken_and_Ricotta_Paninis" title="Cookbook:Chicken and Ricotta Paninis">Cookbook:Chicken and Ricotta Paninis</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Chicken_Gyros" title="Cookbook:Chicken Gyros">Cookbook:Chicken Gyros</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Chip_Butty" title="Cookbook:Chip Butty">Cookbook:Chip Butty</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Chivito_(Uruguayan_Beef_Sandwich)" title="Cookbook:Chivito (Uruguayan Beef Sandwich)">Cookbook:Chivito (Uruguayan Beef Sandwich)</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Chocolate_Chip_Peanut_Butter_Toast" title="Cookbook:Chocolate Chip Peanut Butter Toast">Cookbook:Chocolate Chip Peanut Butter Toast</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Cinnamon_Croutons" title="Cookbook:Cinnamon Croutons">Cookbook:Cinnamon Croutons</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Cioppino_(Italian_Seafood_Stew)" title="Cookbook:Cioppino (Italian Seafood Stew)">Cookbook:Cioppino (Italian Seafood Stew)</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Croque_Monsieur" title="Cookbook:Croque Monsieur">Cookbook:Croque Monsieur</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Crotopo_Soup" title="Cookbook:Crotopo Soup">Cookbook:Crotopo Soup</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Cuban_Sandwich_I" title="Cookbook:Cuban Sandwich I">Cookbook:Cuban Sandwich I</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Cuban_Sandwich_II" title="Cookbook:Cuban Sandwich II">Cookbook:Cuban Sandwich II</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Cucumber_Sprout_Sandwich" title="Cookbook:Cucumber Sprout Sandwich">Cookbook:Cucumber Sprout Sandwich</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Doro_Fitfit_(Ethiopian_Chicken_Salad)" title="Cookbook:Doro Fitfit (Ethiopian Chicken Salad)">Cookbook:Doro Fitfit (Ethiopian Chicken Salad)</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Dorowot_Fitfit_(Ethiopian_Chicken_Stew_Salad)" title="Cookbook:Dorowot Fitfit (Ethiopian Chicken Stew Salad)">Cookbook:Dorowot Fitfit (Ethiopian Chicken Stew Salad)</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Double_Hamburgers" title="Cookbook:Double Hamburgers">Cookbook:Double Hamburgers</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Duonos_Gira_(Lithuanian_Rye_Drink)" title="Cookbook:Duonos Gira (Lithuanian Rye Drink)">Cookbook:Duonos Gira (Lithuanian Rye Drink)</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:D%C3%B6ner_Kebab" title="Cookbook:Döner Kebab">Cookbook:Döner Kebab</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Egg_Casserole" title="Cookbook:Egg Casserole">Cookbook:Egg Casserole</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:English_Breakfast" title="Cookbook:English Breakfast">Cookbook:English Breakfast</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Fabes_con_Almejas_(Spanish_Beans_with_Clams)" title="Cookbook:Fabes con Almejas (Spanish Beans with Clams)">Cookbook:Fabes con Almejas (Spanish Beans with Clams)</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Fattah_(Egyptian_Layered_Bread_Dish)" title="Cookbook:Fattah (Egyptian Layered Bread Dish)">Cookbook:Fattah (Egyptian Layered Bread Dish)</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Fit-fit_(Ethiopian_Bread_Salad)" title="Cookbook:Fit-fit (Ethiopian Bread Salad)">Cookbook:Fit-fit (Ethiopian Bread Salad)</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Fondue_Neuchateloise" title="Cookbook:Fondue Neuchateloise">Cookbook:Fondue Neuchateloise</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Fool%27s_Gold_Loaf" title="Cookbook:Fool's Gold Loaf">Cookbook:Fool's Gold Loaf</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:French_Toast" title="Cookbook:French Toast">Cookbook:French Toast</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Fresh_Mozzarella_Bruschetta" title="Cookbook:Fresh Mozzarella Bruschetta">Cookbook:Fresh Mozzarella Bruschetta</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Fried_Pita_Bread_with_Eggs" title="Cookbook:Fried Pita Bread with Eggs">Cookbook:Fried Pita Bread with Eggs</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Ful_Medames_(Egyptian_Fava_Beans)" title="Cookbook:Ful Medames (Egyptian Fava Beans)">Cookbook:Ful Medames (Egyptian Fava Beans)</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Garlic_Bread" title="Cookbook:Garlic Bread">Cookbook:Garlic Bread</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Garlic_Croutons_I" title="Cookbook:Garlic Croutons I">Cookbook:Garlic Croutons I</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Garlic_Croutons_II" title="Cookbook:Garlic Croutons II">Cookbook:Garlic Croutons II</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Garlic_Croutons_III" title="Cookbook:Garlic Croutons III">Cookbook:Garlic Croutons III</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Garlic_Mayonnaise_made_with_Bread_and_Fish_Stock_(Rouille)" title="Cookbook:Garlic Mayonnaise made with Bread and Fish Stock (Rouille)">Cookbook:Garlic Mayonnaise made with Bread and Fish Stock (Rouille)</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Garlic,_Tomato_and_Cheddar_Sandwich" title="Cookbook:Garlic, Tomato and Cheddar Sandwich">Cookbook:Garlic, Tomato and Cheddar Sandwich</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Gazpacho" title="Cookbook:Gazpacho">Cookbook:Gazpacho</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:German_Meatballs" title="Cookbook:German Meatballs">Cookbook:German Meatballs</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Grilled_Cheese_Sandwich" title="Cookbook:Grilled Cheese Sandwich">Cookbook:Grilled Cheese Sandwich</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Grilled_Cheese_Sandwich_II" title="Cookbook:Grilled Cheese Sandwich II">Cookbook:Grilled Cheese Sandwich II</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Grilled_Peanut_Butter_Sandwiches" title="Cookbook:Grilled Peanut Butter Sandwiches">Cookbook:Grilled Peanut Butter Sandwiches</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Grilled_Vegetable_Sandwich" title="Cookbook:Grilled Vegetable Sandwich">Cookbook:Grilled Vegetable Sandwich</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Hawawshi_(Egyptian_Meat_Pies)" title="Cookbook:Hawawshi (Egyptian Meat Pies)">Cookbook:Hawawshi (Egyptian Meat Pies)</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Hyderabadi_Fried_Bread_with_Syrup_and_Nuts_(Double_ka_meetha)" title="Cookbook:Hyderabadi Fried Bread with Syrup and Nuts (Double ka meetha)">Cookbook:Hyderabadi Fried Bread with Syrup and Nuts (Double ka meetha)</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Jalapeno_Eggs" title="Cookbook:Jalapeno Eggs">Cookbook:Jalapeno Eggs</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Jam_Sandwich" title="Cookbook:Jam Sandwich">Cookbook:Jam Sandwich</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Jamaican_Curry_Chicken_with_Bullga" title="Cookbook:Jamaican Curry Chicken with Bullga">Cookbook:Jamaican Curry Chicken with Bullga</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Jamaican_Patty" title="Cookbook:Jamaican Patty">Cookbook:Jamaican Patty</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Khus_Khus_Halwa" title="Cookbook:Khus Khus Halwa">Cookbook:Khus Khus Halwa</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Lettuce_Soup" title="Cookbook:Lettuce Soup">Cookbook:Lettuce Soup</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Meatloaf_IV" title="Cookbook:Meatloaf IV">Cookbook:Meatloaf IV</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Milk_Toast_I" title="Cookbook:Milk Toast I">Cookbook:Milk Toast I</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Milk_Toast_II" title="Cookbook:Milk Toast II">Cookbook:Milk Toast II</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Modern_Reuben_Sandwich" title="Cookbook:Modern Reuben Sandwich">Cookbook:Modern Reuben Sandwich</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Monte_Cristo_Sandwich" title="Cookbook:Monte Cristo Sandwich">Cookbook:Monte Cristo Sandwich</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Muffuletta_Sandwich" title="Cookbook:Muffuletta Sandwich">Cookbook:Muffuletta Sandwich</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Musakhan_(Palestinian_Spiced_Chicken)" title="Cookbook:Musakhan (Palestinian Spiced Chicken)">Cookbook:Musakhan (Palestinian Spiced Chicken)</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Nigerian_Wheatbread_Toast" title="Cookbook:Nigerian Wheatbread Toast">Cookbook:Nigerian Wheatbread Toast</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Not_Quite_Eggs_Benedict" title="Cookbook:Not Quite Eggs Benedict">Cookbook:Not Quite Eggs Benedict</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Onion_Soup" title="Cookbook:Onion Soup">Cookbook:Onion Soup</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Orange_French_Toast" title="Cookbook:Orange French Toast">Cookbook:Orange French Toast</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Pan-Fried_White_Brined_Cheese_(Saganaki)" title="Cookbook:Pan-Fried White Brined Cheese (Saganaki)">Cookbook:Pan-Fried White Brined Cheese (Saganaki)</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Peanut_Butter_and_Jelly_Sandwich" title="Cookbook:Peanut Butter and Jelly Sandwich">Cookbook:Peanut Butter and Jelly Sandwich</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Peanut_Butter_Sandwich" title="Cookbook:Peanut Butter Sandwich">Cookbook:Peanut Butter Sandwich</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Philosopher%27s_Stew" title="Cookbook:Philosopher's Stew">Cookbook:Philosopher's Stew</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Ploughman%27s_Lunch" title="Cookbook:Ploughman's Lunch">Cookbook:Ploughman's Lunch</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Ploughman%27s_Sandwich" title="Cookbook:Ploughman's Sandwich">Cookbook:Ploughman's Sandwich</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Po%27_Boy" title="Cookbook:Po' Boy">Cookbook:Po' Boy</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Potato_and_Sausage_Casserole_(Papa_Turmada)" title="Cookbook:Potato and Sausage Casserole (Papa Turmada)">Cookbook:Potato and Sausage Casserole (Papa Turmada)</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Quorn_Pitta" title="Cookbook:Quorn Pitta">Cookbook:Quorn Pitta</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Rabbit_with_Abbey_Beer_(Konijn_met_Paterbier)" title="Cookbook:Rabbit with Abbey Beer (Konijn met Paterbier)">Cookbook:Rabbit with Abbey Beer (Konijn met Paterbier)</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Red_and_White_Onion_Tapenade" title="Cookbook:Red and White Onion Tapenade">Cookbook:Red and White Onion Tapenade</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Red_Devils" title="Cookbook:Red Devils">Cookbook:Red Devils</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Reuben_Sandwich" title="Cookbook:Reuben Sandwich">Cookbook:Reuben Sandwich</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Rhubarb_and_Custard_Bread_Pudding" title="Cookbook:Rhubarb and Custard Bread Pudding">Cookbook:Rhubarb and Custard Bread Pudding</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Rhubarb_Pudding" title="Cookbook:Rhubarb Pudding">Cookbook:Rhubarb Pudding</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Roasted_Meatballs_(Kyufteta)" title="Cookbook:Roasted Meatballs (Kyufteta)">Cookbook:Roasted Meatballs (Kyufteta)</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Rye_Bread_Layer_Cake" title="Cookbook:Rye Bread Layer Cake">Cookbook:Rye Bread Layer Cake</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Sabich_(Vegetable_and_Pita_Sandwich)" title="Cookbook:Sabich (Vegetable and Pita Sandwich)">Cookbook:Sabich (Vegetable and Pita Sandwich)</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Salmorejo_(Spanish_Tomato_Garlic_Pur%C3%A9e)" title="Cookbook:Salmorejo (Spanish Tomato Garlic Purée)">Cookbook:Salmorejo (Spanish Tomato Garlic Purée)</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Sandwich_Layer-Cake" title="Cookbook:Sandwich Layer-Cake">Cookbook:Sandwich Layer-Cake</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Sausage_Sizzle" title="Cookbook:Sausage Sizzle">Cookbook:Sausage Sizzle</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Sausage-Egg_Breakfast_Dish" title="Cookbook:Sausage-Egg Breakfast Dish">Cookbook:Sausage-Egg Breakfast Dish</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Scalloped_Oysters" title="Cookbook:Scalloped Oysters">Cookbook:Scalloped Oysters</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Scheiterhaufen_(Austrian_Bread_Pudding)" title="Cookbook:Scheiterhaufen (Austrian Bread Pudding)">Cookbook:Scheiterhaufen (Austrian Bread Pudding)</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Seafood_Bruschetta" title="Cookbook:Seafood Bruschetta">Cookbook:Seafood Bruschetta</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Seasoned_Bread_and_Butter_Balls" title="Cookbook:Seasoned Bread and Butter Balls">Cookbook:Seasoned Bread and Butter Balls</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Semmelknoedel_(Bavarian_Bread_Dumplings)" title="Cookbook:Semmelknoedel (Bavarian Bread Dumplings)">Cookbook:Semmelknoedel (Bavarian Bread Dumplings)</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Sesame_Shrimp_Toast" title="Cookbook:Sesame Shrimp Toast">Cookbook:Sesame Shrimp Toast</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Sindhi_Vegetable_Kofta" title="Cookbook:Sindhi Vegetable Kofta">Cookbook:Sindhi Vegetable Kofta</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Smokehouse_Turkey_Panini" title="Cookbook:Smokehouse Turkey Panini">Cookbook:Smokehouse Turkey Panini</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Smoky_Tuna_Melts" title="Cookbook:Smoky Tuna Melts">Cookbook:Smoky Tuna Melts</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Spiced_Cr%C3%A8me_Caramel" title="Cookbook:Spiced Crème Caramel">Cookbook:Spiced Crème Caramel</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Steak_Melts" title="Cookbook:Steak Melts">Cookbook:Steak Melts</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Steak_Sandwiches" title="Cookbook:Steak Sandwiches">Cookbook:Steak Sandwiches</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Steak_Tartare" title="Cookbook:Steak Tartare">Cookbook:Steak Tartare</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Steak,_Bacon,_and_Gruyere_Paninis" title="Cookbook:Steak, Bacon, and Gruyere Paninis">Cookbook:Steak, Bacon, and Gruyere Paninis</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Stoofvlees_(Flemish_Beef_Stew)" title="Cookbook:Stoofvlees (Flemish Beef Stew)">Cookbook:Stoofvlees (Flemish Beef Stew)</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Stuffed_Duck_Breast_with_Cabbage_and_Dumplings" title="Cookbook:Stuffed Duck Breast with Cabbage and Dumplings">Cookbook:Stuffed Duck Breast with Cabbage and Dumplings</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Stuffed_French_Toast" title="Cookbook:Stuffed French Toast">Cookbook:Stuffed French Toast</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Stuffing" title="Cookbook:Stuffing">Cookbook:Stuffing</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Summer_Pudding" title="Cookbook:Summer Pudding">Cookbook:Summer Pudding</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Sylheti_Doner_Kebab" title="Cookbook:Sylheti Doner Kebab">Cookbook:Sylheti Doner Kebab</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Tiramisu_Paninis" title="Cookbook:Tiramisu Paninis">Cookbook:Tiramisu Paninis</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Toast" title="Cookbook:Toast">Cookbook:Toast</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Toast_Sandwich" title="Cookbook:Toast Sandwich">Cookbook:Toast Sandwich</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Toasted_Baguette_Slices_with_Pecan_Butter,_Brie_and_Apples" title="Cookbook:Toasted Baguette Slices with Pecan Butter, Brie and Apples">Cookbook:Toasted Baguette Slices with Pecan Butter, Brie and Apples</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Tofu_Scramble_I" title="Cookbook:Tofu Scramble I">Cookbook:Tofu Scramble I</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Tomato_Basil_Soup_with_Garlic_Toasts" title="Cookbook:Tomato Basil Soup with Garlic Toasts">Cookbook:Tomato Basil Soup with Garlic Toasts</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Tomato_Paste_and_Ham_Sandwiches_(Pan_Tomaca)" title="Cookbook:Tomato Paste and Ham Sandwiches (Pan Tomaca)">Cookbook:Tomato Paste and Ham Sandwiches (Pan Tomaca)</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Umm_Ali_(Egyptian_Bread_Pudding)" title="Cookbook:Umm Ali (Egyptian Bread Pudding)">Cookbook:Umm Ali (Egyptian Bread Pudding)</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Vegemite_Sandwich" title="Cookbook:Vegemite Sandwich">Cookbook:Vegemite Sandwich</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Vegetable_Party_Sandwiches" title="Cookbook:Vegetable Party Sandwiches">Cookbook:Vegetable Party Sandwiches</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Vegetable_Soup" title="Cookbook:Vegetable Soup">Cookbook:Vegetable Soup</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Wakeup_Sausage_Casserole" title="Cookbook:Wakeup Sausage Casserole">Cookbook:Wakeup Sausage Casserole</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Welsh_Rarebit" title="Cookbook:Welsh Rarebit">Cookbook:Welsh Rarebit</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Xat%C3%B3_(Catalan_Endives_and_Fish)" title="Cookbook:Xató (Catalan Endives and Fish)">Cookbook:Xató (Catalan Endives and Fish)</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div></div></div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&veaction=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:22-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-:22_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4271529">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFKipfer2012" class="citation book cs1">Kipfer, Barbara Ann (2012-04-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7xUafQwz2tkC&newbks=0&hl=en&source=newbks_fb"><i>The Culinarian: A Kitchen Desk Reference</i></a>. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-544-18603-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-544-18603-3"><bdi>978-0-544-18603-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Culinarian%3A+A+Kitchen+Desk+Reference&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Harcourt&rft.date=2012-04-11&rft.isbn=978-0-544-18603-3&rft.aulast=Kipfer&rft.aufirst=Barbara+Ann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7xUafQwz2tkC%26newbks%3D0%26hl%3Den%26source%3Dnewbks_fb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikibooks.org%3ACookbook%3ABread" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:12-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-:12_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4271529"><cite id="CITEREFGibson2018" class="citation book cs1">Gibson, Mark (2018-01-04). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jycsDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&hl=en"><i>Food Science and the Culinary Arts</i></a>. Academic Press. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-12-811817-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-12-811817-7"><bdi>978-0-12-811817-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Food+Science+and+the+Culinary+Arts&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=2018-01-04&rft.isbn=978-0-12-811817-7&rft.aulast=Gibson&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjycsDwAAQBAJ%26newbks%3D0%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikibooks.org%3ACookbook%3ABread" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:32-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:32_3-0"><i><b>a</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:32_3-1"><i><b>b</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:32_3-2"><i><b>c</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:32_3-3"><i><b>d</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:32_3-4"><i><b>e</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:32_3-5"><i><b>f</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:32_3-6"><i><b>g</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:32_3-7"><i><b>h</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:32_3-8"><i><b>i</b></i></a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4271529"><cite id="CITEREFZhouHui2014" class="citation book cs1">Zhou, Weibiao; Hui, Y. H. (2014-08-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EaimAwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&hl=en"><i>Bakery Products Science and Technology</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-119-96715-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-119-96715-6"><bdi>978-1-119-96715-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bakery+Products+Science+and+Technology&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2014-08-11&rft.isbn=978-1-119-96715-6&rft.aulast=Zhou&rft.aufirst=Weibiao&rft.au=Hui%2C+Y.+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEaimAwAAQBAJ%26newbks%3D0%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikibooks.org%3ACookbook%3ABread" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:92-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:92_4-0"><i><b>a</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:92_4-1"><i><b>b</b></i></a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4271529"><cite id="CITEREFFriberg2016" class="citation book cs1">Friberg, Bo (2016-09-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gmpkzgAACAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en"><i>The Professional Pastry Chef: Fundamentals of Baking and Pastry</i></a>. Wiley. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-470-46629-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-470-46629-2"><bdi>978-0-470-46629-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Professional+Pastry+Chef%3A+Fundamentals+of+Baking+and+Pastry&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2016-09-13&rft.isbn=978-0-470-46629-2&rft.aulast=Friberg&rft.aufirst=Bo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgmpkzgAACAAJ%26newbks%3D0%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikibooks.org%3ACookbook%3ABread" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:102-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:102_5-0"><i><b>a</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:102_5-1"><i><b>b</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:102_5-2"><i><b>c</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:102_5-3"><i><b>d</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:102_5-4"><i><b>e</b></i></a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4271529"><cite id="CITEREFRuhlman2008" class="citation book cs1">Ruhlman, Michael (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cO6-wjf_XdgC&newbks=0&hl=en"><i>The Elements of Cooking: Translating the Chef's Craft for Every Kitchen</i></a>. Black Incorporated. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86395-143-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86395-143-2"><bdi>978-1-86395-143-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Elements+of+Cooking%3A+Translating+the+Chef%27s+Craft+for+Every+Kitchen&rft.pub=Black+Incorporated&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-86395-143-2&rft.aulast=Ruhlman&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcO6-wjf_XdgC%26newbks%3D0%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikibooks.org%3ACookbook%3ABread" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:72-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:72_6-0"><i><b>a</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:72_6-1"><i><b>b</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:72_6-2"><i><b>c</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:72_6-3"><i><b>d</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:72_6-4"><i><b>e</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:72_6-5"><i><b>f</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:72_6-6"><i><b>g</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:72_6-7"><i><b>h</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:72_6-8"><i><b>i</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:72_6-9"><i><b>j</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:72_6-10"><i><b>k</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:72_6-11"><i><b>l</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:72_6-12"><i><b>m</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:72_6-13"><i><b>n</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:72_6-14"><i><b>o</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:72_6-15"><i><b>p</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:72_6-16"><i><b>q</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:72_6-17"><i><b>r</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:72_6-18"><i><b>s</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:72_6-19"><i><b>t</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:72_6-20"><i><b>u</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:72_6-21"><i><b>v</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:72_6-22"><i><b>w</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:72_6-23"><i><b>x</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:72_6-24"><i><b>y</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:72_6-25"><i><b>z</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:72_6-26"><i><b>aa</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:72_6-27"><i><b>ab</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:72_6-28"><i><b>ac</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:72_6-29"><i><b>ad</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:72_6-30"><i><b>ae</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:72_6-31"><i><b>af</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:72_6-32"><i><b>ag</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:72_6-33"><i><b>ah</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:72_6-34"><i><b>ai</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:72_6-35"><i><b>aj</b></i></a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4271529"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Culinary_Institute_of_America_(CIA)2015" class="citation book cs1">The Culinary Institute of America (CIA) (2015-02-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Jl0EEAAAQBAJ&newbks=0"><i>Baking and Pastry: Mastering the Art and Craft</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-470-92865-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-470-92865-3"><bdi>978-0-470-92865-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Baking+and+Pastry%3A+Mastering+the+Art+and+Craft&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2015-02-25&rft.isbn=978-0-470-92865-3&rft.au=The+Culinary+Institute+of+America+%28CIA%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJl0EEAAAQBAJ%26newbks%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikibooks.org%3ACookbook%3ABread" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:52-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:52_7-0"><i><b>a</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:52_7-1"><i><b>b</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:52_7-2"><i><b>c</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:52_7-3"><i><b>d</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:52_7-4"><i><b>e</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:52_7-5"><i><b>f</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:52_7-6"><i><b>g</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:52_7-7"><i><b>h</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:52_7-8"><i><b>i</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:52_7-9"><i><b>j</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:52_7-10"><i><b>k</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:52_7-11"><i><b>l</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:52_7-12"><i><b>m</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:52_7-13"><i><b>n</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:52_7-14"><i><b>o</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:52_7-15"><i><b>p</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:52_7-16"><i><b>q</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:52_7-17"><i><b>r</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:52_7-18"><i><b>s</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:52_7-19"><i><b>t</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:52_7-20"><i><b>u</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:52_7-21"><i><b>v</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:52_7-22"><i><b>w</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:52_7-23"><i><b>x</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:52_7-24"><i><b>y</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:52_7-25"><i><b>z</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:52_7-26"><i><b>aa</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:52_7-27"><i><b>ab</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:52_7-28"><i><b>ac</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:52_7-29"><i><b>ad</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:52_7-30"><i><b>ae</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:52_7-31"><i><b>af</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:52_7-32"><i><b>ag</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:52_7-33"><i><b>ah</b></i></a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4271529"><cite id="CITEREFAmendolaRees2003" class="citation book cs1">Amendola, Joseph; Rees, Nicole (2003-01-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bQcxoepvxOwC&newbks=0&hl=en"><i>Understanding Baking: The Art and Science of Baking</i></a>. Wiley. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-471-44418-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-471-44418-3"><bdi>978-0-471-44418-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+Baking%3A+The+Art+and+Science+of+Baking&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2003-01-03&rft.isbn=978-0-471-44418-3&rft.aulast=Amendola&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.au=Rees%2C+Nicole&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbQcxoepvxOwC%26newbks%3D0%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikibooks.org%3ACookbook%3ABread" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:62-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:62_8-0"><i><b>a</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:62_8-1"><i><b>b</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:62_8-2"><i><b>c</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:62_8-3"><i><b>d</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:62_8-4"><i><b>e</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:62_8-5"><i><b>f</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:62_8-6"><i><b>g</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:62_8-7"><i><b>h</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:62_8-8"><i><b>i</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:62_8-9"><i><b>j</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:62_8-10"><i><b>k</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:62_8-11"><i><b>l</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:62_8-12"><i><b>m</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:62_8-13"><i><b>n</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:62_8-14"><i><b>o</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:62_8-15"><i><b>p</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:62_8-16"><i><b>q</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:62_8-17"><i><b>r</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:62_8-18"><i><b>s</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:62_8-19"><i><b>t</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:62_8-20"><i><b>u</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:62_8-21"><i><b>v</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:62_8-22"><i><b>w</b></i></a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4271529"><cite id="CITEREFLabenskyMartelDamme2015" class="citation book cs1">Labensky, Sarah; Martel, Priscilla; Damme, Eddy Van (2015-01-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=k87uoQEACAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en"><i>On Baking: A Textbook of Baking and Pastry Fundamentals, Updated Edition</i></a>. Pearson Education. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-13-388675-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-13-388675-7"><bdi>978-0-13-388675-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+Baking%3A+A+Textbook+of+Baking+and+Pastry+Fundamentals%2C+Updated+Edition&rft.pub=Pearson+Education&rft.date=2015-01-06&rft.isbn=978-0-13-388675-7&rft.aulast=Labensky&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft.au=Martel%2C+Priscilla&rft.au=Damme%2C+Eddy+Van&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dk87uoQEACAAJ%26newbks%3D0%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikibooks.org%3ACookbook%3ABread" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:42-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:42_9-0"><i><b>a</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:42_9-1"><i><b>b</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:42_9-2"><i><b>c</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:42_9-3"><i><b>d</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:42_9-4"><i><b>e</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:42_9-5"><i><b>f</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:42_9-6"><i><b>g</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:42_9-7"><i><b>h</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:42_9-8"><i><b>i</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:42_9-9"><i><b>j</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:42_9-10"><i><b>k</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:42_9-11"><i><b>l</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:42_9-12"><i><b>m</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:42_9-13"><i><b>n</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:42_9-14"><i><b>o</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:42_9-15"><i><b>p</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:42_9-16"><i><b>q</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:42_9-17"><i><b>r</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:42_9-18"><i><b>s</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:42_9-19"><i><b>t</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:42_9-20"><i><b>u</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:42_9-21"><i><b>v</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:42_9-22"><i><b>w</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:42_9-23"><i><b>x</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:42_9-24"><i><b>y</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:42_9-25"><i><b>z</b></i></a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4271529"><cite id="CITEREFDavidson2014" class="citation book cs1">Davidson, Alan (2014-01-01). Jaine, Tom (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199677337.001.0001/acref-9780199677337"><i>The Oxford Companion to Food</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/w:doi_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:w:doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facref%2F9780199677337.001.0001">10.1093/acref/9780199677337.001.0001</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-967733-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-967733-7"><bdi>978-0-19-967733-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+Food&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2014-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Facref%2F9780199677337.001.0001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-967733-7&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordreference.com%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Facref%2F9780199677337.001.0001%2Facref-9780199677337&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikibooks.org%3ACookbook%3ABread" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:82-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:82_10-0"><i><b>a</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:82_10-1"><i><b>b</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:82_10-2"><i><b>c</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:82_10-3"><i><b>d</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:82_10-4"><i><b>e</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:82_10-5"><i><b>f</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:82_10-6"><i><b>g</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:82_10-7"><i><b>h</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:82_10-8"><i><b>i</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:82_10-9"><i><b>j</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:82_10-10"><i><b>k</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:82_10-11"><i><b>l</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:82_10-12"><i><b>m</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:82_10-13"><i><b>n</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:82_10-14"><i><b>o</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:82_10-15"><i><b>p</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:82_10-16"><i><b>q</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:82_10-17"><i><b>r</b></i></a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4271529"><cite id="CITEREFProvostColabroyKellyWallert2016" class="citation book cs1">Provost, Joseph J.; Colabroy, Keri L.; Kelly, Brenda S.; Wallert, Mark A. (2016-05-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9ydECwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&hl=en"><i>The Science of Cooking: Understanding the Biology and Chemistry Behind Food and Cooking</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-118-67420-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-118-67420-8"><bdi>978-1-118-67420-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Science+of+Cooking%3A+Understanding+the+Biology+and+Chemistry+Behind+Food+and+Cooking&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2016-05-02&rft.isbn=978-1-118-67420-8&rft.aulast=Provost&rft.aufirst=Joseph+J.&rft.au=Colabroy%2C+Keri+L.&rft.au=Kelly%2C+Brenda+S.&rft.au=Wallert%2C+Mark+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9ydECwAAQBAJ%26newbks%3D0%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikibooks.org%3ACookbook%3ABread" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4271529"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kingarthurbaking.com/blog/2016/12/09/levain-sandwich-bread">"Levain for sandwich bread | King Arthur Baking"</a>. <i>www.kingarthurbaking.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-06-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.kingarthurbaking.com&rft.atitle=Levain+for+sandwich+bread+%7C+King+Arthur+Baking&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kingarthurbaking.com%2Fblog%2F2016%2F12%2F09%2Flevain-sandwich-bread&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikibooks.org%3ACookbook%3ABread" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4271529"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theperfectloaf.com/what-is-a-levain-and-how-is-it-different-from-a-starter/">"What is a Levain And How is it Different From a Starter? | The Perfect Loaf"</a>. <i>www.theperfectloaf.com</i>. 2020-09-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-06-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.theperfectloaf.com&rft.atitle=What+is+a+Levain+And+How+is+it+Different+From+a+Starter%3F+%7C+The+Perfect+Loaf&rft.date=2020-09-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theperfectloaf.com%2Fwhat-is-a-levain-and-how-is-it-different-from-a-starter%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikibooks.org%3ACookbook%3ABread" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:822-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-:822_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4271529"><cite id="CITEREFProvostColabroyKellyWallert2016" class="citation book cs1">Provost, Joseph J.; Colabroy, Keri L.; Kelly, Brenda S.; Wallert, Mark A. (2016-05-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9ydECwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&hl=en"><i>The Science of Cooking: Understanding the Biology and Chemistry Behind Food and Cooking</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-118-67420-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-118-67420-8"><bdi>978-1-118-67420-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Science+of+Cooking%3A+Understanding+the+Biology+and+Chemistry+Behind+Food+and+Cooking&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2016-05-02&rft.isbn=978-1-118-67420-8&rft.aulast=Provost&rft.aufirst=Joseph+J.&rft.au=Colabroy%2C+Keri+L.&rft.au=Kelly%2C+Brenda+S.&rft.au=Wallert%2C+Mark+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9ydECwAAQBAJ%26newbks%3D0%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikibooks.org%3ACookbook%3ABread" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4271529"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kingarthurbaking.com/blog/2020/10/28/3-ways-to-switch-up-your-bread-baking">"3 ways to switch up your bread baking | King Arthur Baking"</a>. <i>www.kingarthurbaking.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-06-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.kingarthurbaking.com&rft.atitle=3+ways+to+switch+up+your+bread+baking+%7C+King+Arthur+Baking&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kingarthurbaking.com%2Fblog%2F2020%2F10%2F28%2F3-ways-to-switch-up-your-bread-baking&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikibooks.org%3ACookbook%3ABread" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&oldid=4435337">https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&oldid=4435337</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ingredients" title="Category:Ingredients">Ingredients</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 11 September 2024, at 18:54.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy Policy.</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Welcome">About Wikibooks</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikibooks.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Cookbook:Bread&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-647f8b45db-qk7dm","wgBackendResponseTime":147,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.461","walltime":"0.668","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2009,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":27416,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":400,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":8,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":151350,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 523.157 1 -total"," 26.42% 138.192 11 Template:Cite_book"," 8.08% 42.272 1 Template:Ingredient_summary"," 7.29% 38.134 1 Template:Infobox"," 2.88% 15.063 1 Template:Ingredient"," 2.60% 13.619 3 Template:Cite_web"," 2.33% 12.193 1 Template:Cookbook_page_type"," 0.68% 3.551 1 Template:Displaytitle"," 0.54% 2.837 1 Template:Template_other"," 0.42% 2.199 1 Template:Cooknav"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.127","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":3894147,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-647f8b45db-zgzbb","timestamp":"20241118181203","ttl":21600,"transientcontent":true}}});});</script> </body> </html>