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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit 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class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types_of_web_navigation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types_of_web_navigation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Types of web navigation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types_of_web_navigation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Types of web navigation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Types_of_web_navigation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hierarchical_website_navigation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hierarchical_website_navigation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Hierarchical website navigation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hierarchical_website_navigation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Global_website_navigation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Global_website_navigation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Global website navigation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Global_website_navigation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Local_website_navigation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_website_navigation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Local website navigation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_website_navigation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Styles_of_web_navigation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Styles_of_web_navigation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Styles of web navigation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Styles_of_web_navigation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Design_of_web_navigation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Design_of_web_navigation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Design of web navigation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Design_of_web_navigation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Web navigation</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 3 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-3" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">3 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%82%D9%84_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B9" title="التنقل في المواقع – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="التنقل في المواقع" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%88%D8%A8" title="ناوبری وب – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ناوبری وب" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9B%B9_%EB%82%B4%EB%B9%84%EA%B2%8C%EC%9D%B4%EC%85%98" title="웹 내비게이션 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="웹 내비게이션" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7978592#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Web_navigation" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Web_navigation" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Web_navigation"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Web_navigation&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Web_navigation&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Web_navigation"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Web_navigation&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Web_navigation&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Web_navigation" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Web_navigation" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Web_navigation&oldid=1246460132" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Web_navigation&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Web_navigation&id=1246460132&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FWeb_navigation"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FWeb_navigation"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Web_navigation&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Web_navigation&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7978592" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Following hyperlinks on the World Wide Web</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Web_browser_demo.webm/220px--Web_browser_demo.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="140" data-durationhint="24" data-mwtitle="Web_browser_demo.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Web_browser_demo.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c1/Web_browser_demo.webm/Web_browser_demo.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="756" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c1/Web_browser_demo.webm/Web_browser_demo.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1132" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c1/Web_browser_demo.webm/Web_browser_demo.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1700" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Web_browser_demo.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8"" data-width="2558" data-height="1626" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c1/Web_browser_demo.webm/Web_browser_demo.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="378" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c1/Web_browser_demo.webm/Web_browser_demo.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="566" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c1/Web_browser_demo.webm/Web_browser_demo.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="566" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Navigating to <a href="/wiki/English_Wikipedia" title="English Wikipedia">English Wikipedia</a> using a <a href="/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">web browser</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Web navigation</b> refers to the process of navigating a <a href="/wiki/Computer_network" title="Computer network">network</a> of <a href="/wiki/Web_resource" title="Web resource">information resources</a> in the <a href="/wiki/International_World_Wide_Web_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="International World Wide Web Conference">World Wide Web</a>, which is organized as <a href="/wiki/Hypertext" title="Hypertext">hypertext</a> or <a href="/wiki/Hypermedia" title="Hypermedia">hypermedia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Web_Engineering_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Web_Engineering-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/User_interface" title="User interface">user interface</a> that is used to do so is called a <a href="/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">web browser</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Relational_Markov_Models_and_their_Application_to_Adaptive_Web_Navigation_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Relational_Markov_Models_and_their_Application_to_Adaptive_Web_Navigation-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A central theme in <a href="/wiki/Web_design" title="Web design">web design</a> is the development of a web navigation interface that maximizes <a href="/wiki/Usability" title="Usability">usability</a>. </p><p>A website overall navigational scheme includes several navigational pieces such as global, local, supplemental, and contextual navigation; all of these are vital aspects of the broad topic of web navigation.<sup id="cite_ref-Designing_Effective_Web_Navigation_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Designing_Effective_Web_Navigation-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hierarchical navigation systems are vital as well since it is the primary navigation system. It allows for the user to navigate within the site using levels alone, which is often seen as restricting and requires additional navigation systems to better structure the website.<sup id="cite_ref-Design_and_Navigation_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Design_and_Navigation-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The global navigation of a website, as another segment of web navigation, serves as the outline and template in order to achieve an easy maneuver for the users accessing the <a href="/wiki/Website" title="Website">site</a>, while local navigation is often used to help the users within a specific section of the site.<sup id="cite_ref-Designing_Effective_Web_Navigation_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Designing_Effective_Web_Navigation-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All these navigational pieces fall under the categories of various types of web navigation, allowing for further development and for more efficient experiences upon visiting a web page. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Web_navigation&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Web navigation came about with the introduction of the World Wide Web in 1989, when <a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a> invented it.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a> was available, web navigation increasingly became a major aspect and role in jobs and everyday lives. With one-third of the world’s population now using the Internet, web navigation maintains a global use in today's ever evolving international society.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Web navigation is not restricted to just <a href="/wiki/Computer" title="Computer">computers</a>, either, as <a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone" title="Mobile phone">mobile phones</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tablet_computer" title="Tablet computer">tablets</a> have added avenues for access to the ever-growing information on the Web today. The most recent wave of technology which has affected web navigation is the introduction and growth of the <a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">smartphone</a>. Web navigation has evolved from a restricted action, to something that many people across the world now do on a daily basis.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types_of_web_navigation">Types of web navigation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Web_navigation&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Types of web navigation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The use of website navigation tools allow for a website's visitors to experience the site with the most efficiency and the least incompetence. A website navigation system is analogous to a road map which enables web page visitors to explore and discover different areas and information contained within the website.<sup id="cite_ref-webpagemistakes.ca_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webpagemistakes.ca-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are many different types of website navigation: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hierarchical_website_navigation">Hierarchical website navigation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Web_navigation&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Hierarchical website navigation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The structure of the website navigation is built from general to specific. This provides a clear, simple path to all the web pages from anywhere on the website. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Global_website_navigation">Global website navigation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Web_navigation&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Global website navigation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Global website navigation shows the top level sections/pages of the website. It is available on each page and lists the main content sections/pages of the website. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_website_navigation">Local website navigation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Web_navigation&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Local website navigation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Local navigation is the links within the text of a given web page, linking to other pages within the website.<sup id="cite_ref-webpagemistakes.ca_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webpagemistakes.ca-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Styles_of_web_navigation">Styles of web navigation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Web_navigation&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Styles of web navigation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Web navigations vary in styles between different website as well as within a certain site. The availability of different navigational styles allows for the information in the website to be delivered easily and directly. This also differentiates between categories and the sites themselves to indicate what the vital information is and to enable the users access to more information and facts discussed within the website. Across the globe, different cultures prefer certain styles for web navigations, allowing for a more enjoyable and functional experience as navigational styles expand and differentiate. </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Navigation_bar" title="Navigation bar">Navigation bar</a></b>: A <b>navigation bar</b><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or (<b>navigation system</b>) is a section of a <a href="/wiki/Website" title="Website">website</a> or online page intended to aid visitors in travelling through the online document.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sitemap" class="mw-redirect" title="Sitemap">Sitemap</a></b>: A <b>site map</b> (or <b>sitemap</b>) is a list of pages of a web site accessible to <a href="/wiki/Web_crawler" title="Web crawler">crawlers</a> or users. It can be either a document in any form used as a planning tool for <a href="/wiki/Web_design" title="Web design">web design</a>, or a <a href="/wiki/Web_page" title="Web page">web page</a> that lists the pages on a <a href="/wiki/Website" title="Website">website</a>, typically organized in hierarchical fashion.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dropdown_menu" class="mw-redirect" title="Dropdown menu">Dropdown menu</a></b>: In <a href="/wiki/Computing" title="Computing">computing</a> with <a href="/wiki/Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">graphical user interfaces</a>, a <b>dropdown menu</b> or <b>drop-down menu</b> or <b>drop-down list</b> is a <a href="/wiki/User_interface" title="User interface">user interface</a> <a href="/wiki/Widget_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Widget (computing)">control</a> <a href="/wiki/Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">GUI</a> element ("<a href="/wiki/GUI_widget" class="mw-redirect" title="GUI widget">widget</a>" or "control"), similar to a <a href="/wiki/List_box" title="List box">list box</a>, which allows the user to choose one value from a list.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menu_(computing)" title="Menu (computing)"><b>Flyout menu</b></a>: In <a href="/wiki/Computing" title="Computing">computing</a> with <a href="/wiki/Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">graphical user interfaces</a>, a menu that flies out (either down or to the side) when you click or hover (<a href="/wiki/Mouseover" title="Mouseover">mouseover</a>) some <a href="/wiki/Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">GUI</a> element.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML_anchor" class="mw-redirect" title="HTML anchor"><b>Named anchor</b></a>: An anchor element is called an anchor because web designers can use it to anchor a URL to some text on a web page. When users view the web page in a browser, they can click the text to activate the link and visit the page whose URL is in the link.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design_of_web_navigation">Design of web navigation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Web_navigation&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Design of web navigation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>What makes web design navigation difficult to work with is that it can be so versatile. Navigation varies in design through the presence of a few main pages in comparison to multi-level architecture. Content can also vary between logged-in users and logged-out users and more. Because navigation has so many differences between websites, there are no set guidelines or to-do lists for organizing navigation. Designing navigation is all about using good information architecture, and expressing the model or concept of information used in activities requiring explicit details of complex systems.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Web_navigation&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human%E2%80%93computer_interaction" title="Human–computer interaction">Human–computer interaction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_and_communications_technology" title="Information and communications technology">Information and communications technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interaction_technique" title="Interaction technique">Interaction technique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_literacy" title="Web literacy">Web literacy</a> (navigation)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_traffic" title="Web traffic">Web traffic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_directory" title="Web directory">Web directory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webring" title="Webring">Webring</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Web_navigation&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output 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Burmeister, p. 96.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smashingmagazine.com/web-design-navigation-showcases/">"Web Design Navigation Showcases – Smashing Magazine"</a>. <i>Smashing Magazine</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Smashing+Magazine&rft.atitle=Web+Design+Navigation+Showcases+%E2%80%93+Smashing+Magazine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smashingmagazine.com%2Fweb-design-navigation-showcases%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWeb+navigation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones" class="citation web cs1">Jones, Henry. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webdesignledger.com/inspiration/30-examples-of-clean-and-minimal-website-navigation">"30 Examples of Clean and Minimal Website Navigation"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=30+Examples+of+Clean+and+Minimal+Website+Navigation&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwebdesignledger.com%2Finspiration%2F30-examples-of-clean-and-minimal-website-navigation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWeb+navigation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Web_navigation&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Kalbach, James (2007), Designing Web Navigation <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcat.org/search?qt=wikipedia&q=isbn%3A9780596528102">Worldcat</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://swimbi.com/blog/22-principles-of-good-web-navigation-and-maximum-usability/">Key principles of creating good website navigation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sigchi.org/chi97/proceedings/paper/sg.htm">Linda Tauscher and Saul Greenberg et al. © Copyright ACM 1997 </a> retrieved 23/09/11</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www10.org/cdrom/papers/599/index.html">Steven.Pemberton et al. Copyright is held by the author/owner</a> retrieved 23/09/11</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academia.edu/Papers/in/Web_Navigation">Academia.edu short list</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://usask.academia.edu/AaronGenest/Papers/633994/Looking_Ahead_A_Comparison_of_Page_Preview_Techniques_for_Goal-Directed_Web_Navigation">A.Genest</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mopdf.com/search/editing-web-navigation">Mopdf.com</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mopdf.com/search/editing-web-navigation">PDF Free Download</a> retrieved 23/09/12</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output 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dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt 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