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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-England_and_Wales" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#England_and_Wales"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>England and Wales</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-England_and_Wales-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle England and Wales subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-England_and_Wales-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_history_to_1964" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history_to_1964"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early history to 1964</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history_to_1964-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1964:_creation_of_independent_police_authorities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1964:_creation_of_independent_police_authorities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>1964: creation of independent police authorities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1964:_creation_of_independent_police_authorities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Funding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Funding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Funding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Funding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inspections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inspections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>Inspections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inspections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2012:_abolition_of_police_authorities_in_England_and_Wales" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2012:_abolition_of_police_authorities_in_England_and_Wales"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>2012: abolition of police authorities in England and Wales</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2012:_abolition_of_police_authorities_in_England_and_Wales-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-London" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#London"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>London</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-London-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Northern_Ireland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Northern_Ireland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Northern Ireland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Northern_Ireland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scotland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scotland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Scotland</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Scotland-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Scotland subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Scotland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Single_authority" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Single_authority"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Single authority</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Single_authority-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Joint_police_boards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Joint_police_boards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Joint police boards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Joint_police_boards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Special_police_forces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Special_police_forces"> <div 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class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Civil Nuclear Constabulary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civil_Nuclear_Constabulary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ministry_of_Defence_Police" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ministry_of_Defence_Police"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Ministry of Defence Police</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ministry_of_Defence_Police-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet 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.sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Law enforcement in the United Kingdom">Law enforcement<br /> in the United Kingdom</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="background:#ddddff;border-top:#aaa 1px solid;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Law of the United Kingdom">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courts_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Courts of the United Kingdom">Courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prisons_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of prisons in the United Kingdom">Prisons</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid;"> Topics</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_law_enforcement_agencies_in_the_United_Kingdom,_Crown_Dependencies_and_British_Overseas_Territories" title="List of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom, Crown Dependencies and British Overseas Territories">Agencies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_police_forces_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of police forces of the United Kingdom">police forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_defunct_law_enforcement_agencies_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of defunct law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom">defunct</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_use_of_firearms_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Police use of firearms in the United Kingdom">Firearms use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_law_enforcement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of law enforcement in the United Kingdom">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_ranks_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Police ranks of the United Kingdom">Ranks</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid;"> Equipment</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Police_aviation_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Police aviation in the United Kingdom">Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_police_firearms_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of police firearms in the United Kingdom">Firearms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_uniforms_and_equipment_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Police uniforms and equipment in the United Kingdom">Uniform and equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_vehicles_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Police vehicles in the United Kingdom">Vehicles</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid;"> Types of agency</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_police_force#United_Kingdom" title="Territorial police force">Territorial police forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_police_force#United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Special police force">Special police forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_law_enforcement_agencies_in_the_United_Kingdom,_Crown_Dependencies_and_British_Overseas_Territories#Ports_police" title="List of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom, Crown Dependencies and British Overseas Territories">Port police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_law_enforcement_agencies_in_the_United_Kingdom,_Crown_Dependencies_and_British_Overseas_Territories#Parks_police" title="List of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom, Crown Dependencies and British Overseas Territories">Park police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_law_enforcement_agencies_in_the_United_Kingdom,_Crown_Dependencies_and_British_Overseas_Territories#Service_police" title="List of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom, Crown Dependencies and British Overseas Territories">Service police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_law_enforcement_agencies_in_the_United_Kingdom,_Crown_Dependencies_and_British_Overseas_Territories#Bodies_with_limited_executive_powers" title="List of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom, Crown Dependencies and British Overseas Territories">Non-police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_law_enforcement_agencies_in_the_United_Kingdom,_Crown_Dependencies_and_British_Overseas_Territories#Other" title="List of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom, Crown Dependencies and British Overseas Territories">Other</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid;"> Types of agent</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Community_safety_accreditation_scheme" title="Community safety accreditation scheme">Accredited person</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bailiff#United_Kingdom" title="Bailiff">Bailiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Certified_enforcement_agent" class="mw-redirect" title="Certified enforcement agent">Certified enforcement agent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_enforcement_officer" title="Civil enforcement officer">Civil enforcement officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civilian_enforcement_officer" title="Civilian enforcement officer">Civilian enforcement officer</a> (<a href="/wiki/Magistrates%27_bailiff" class="mw-redirect" title="Magistrates' bailiff">magistrates' bailiffs</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Security_Guard_Service#Civilian_security_officer" title="Northern Ireland Security Guard Service">Civilian security officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Constabulary" title="Special Constabulary">Special Constabulary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constable#United_Kingdom_and_the_Commonwealth" title="Constable">Constable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_constable" title="Chief constable">Chief constable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_security_officer_(England_and_Wales)" title="Court security officer (England and Wales)">Court security officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_court_bailiff" class="mw-redirect" title="County court bailiff">County court bailiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Custody_officer" title="Custody officer">Custody officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Customs_officer#United_Kingdom" title="Customs officer">Customs officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Court_enforcement_officer" title="High Court enforcement officer">High Court enforcement officer</a> (High Court sheriff)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traffic_police" title="Traffic police">Traffic officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_officer#United_Kingdom" title="Immigration officer">Immigration officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Crime_Agency" title="National Crime Agency">National Crime Agency (officer)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Highways_traffic_officer" title="National Highways traffic officer">National Highways traffic officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_community_support_officer" title="Police community support officer">Police community support officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_custody_and_security_officer" title="Police custody and security officer">Police custody and security officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prison_officer" title="Prison officer">Prison officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tipstaff#United_Kingdom" title="Tipstaff">Tipstaff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traffic_warden" class="mw-redirect" title="Traffic warden">Traffic warden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_bailiff" title="Water bailiff">Water bailiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_inspector#United_Kingdom" title="Wildlife inspector">Wildlife inspector</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_police_officer" title="Chief police officer">Chief police officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_and_crime_commissioner" title="Police and crime commissioner">Police and crime commissioner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_control_centre" title="Emergency control centre">Emergency control centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_Office" title="Home Office">Home Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neighbourhood_policing_team" title="Neighbourhood policing team">Neighbourhood policing teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_area" title="Police area">Police area</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Police authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Initial_Police_Learning_and_Development_Programme" title="Initial Police Learning and Development Programme">Initial Police Learning and Development Programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_cadets_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Police cadets in the United Kingdom">Police cadets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_Federation_of_England_and_Wales" title="Police Federation of England and Wales">Police Federation of England and Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_Federation_for_Northern_Ireland" title="Police Federation for Northern Ireland">Police Federation for Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Police_Federation" title="Scottish Police Federation">Scottish Police Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_Information_Point" class="mw-redirect" title="Police Information Point">Police Information Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_Oath" class="mw-redirect" title="Police Oath">Police Oath</a></li> <li>Police powers in: <a href="/wiki/Powers_of_the_police_in_England_and_Wales" title="Powers of the police in England and Wales">England and Wales</a> - <a href="/wiki/Powers_of_the_police_in_Scotland" title="Powers of the police in Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_Support_Volunteer" class="mw-redirect" title="Police Support Volunteer">Police Support Volunteer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland_Yard" title="Scotland Yard">Scotland Yard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_101" title="Police 101">Police 101 number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Policing_by_consent" class="mw-redirect" title="Policing by consent">Policing by consent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrant_card" title="Warrant card">Warrant card</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Acts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Highway_Act_1835" title="Highway Act 1835">Highway Act 1835</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_Act_1964" title="Police Act 1964">Police Act 1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_(Scotland)_Act_1967" title="Police (Scotland) Act 1967">Police (Scotland) Act 1967</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Functions_of_Traffic_Wardens_Order_1970&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Functions of Traffic Wardens Order 1970 (page does not exist)">The Functions of Traffic Wardens Order 1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Act_1971" title="Immigration Act 1971">Immigration Act 1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misuse_of_Drugs_Act_1971" title="Misuse of Drugs Act 1971">Misuse of Drugs Act 1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmon_and_Freshwater_Fisheries_Act_1975" title="Salmon and Freshwater Fisheries Act 1975">Salmon & Freshwater Fisheries Act 1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_and_Criminal_Evidence_Act_1984" title="Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984">Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_Traffic_Regulation_Act_1984" title="Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984">Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Removal_and_Disposal_of_Vehicles_Regulations_1986&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Removal and Disposal of Vehicles Regulations 1986 (page does not exist)">Removal and Disposal of Vehicles Regulations 1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_Traffic_Act_1988" title="Road Traffic Act 1988">Road Traffic Act 1988</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_Traffic_Offenders_Act_1988&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Road Traffic Offenders Act 1988 (page does not exist)">Road Traffic Offenders Act 1988</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protection_of_Children_Act_1989&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protection of Children Act 1989 (page does not exist)">Protection of Children Act 1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_Protection_Act_1990" title="Environmental Protection Act 1990">Environmental Protection Act 1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_Justice_and_Public_Order_Act_1994" title="Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994">Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_Act_1996" title="Police Act 1996">Police Act 1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confiscation_of_Alcohol_(Young_Persons)_Act_1997" title="Confiscation of Alcohol (Young Persons) Act 1997">Confiscation of Alcohol (Young Persons) Act 1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_Act_2000" title="Terrorism Act 2000">Terrorism Act 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_Justice_and_Police_Act_2001" title="Criminal Justice and Police Act 2001">Criminal Justice and Police Act 2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_Reform_Act_2002" title="Police Reform Act 2002">Police Reform Act 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-social_Behaviour_Act_2003" title="Anti-social Behaviour Act 2003">Anti-social Behaviour Act 2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_and_Courts_Act_2013" title="Crime and Courts Act 2013">Crime and Courts Act 2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Licensing_Act_2003" title="Licensing Act 2003">Licensing Act 2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railways_and_Transport_Safety_Act_2003" title="Railways and Transport Safety Act 2003">Railways and Transport Safety Act 2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clean_Neighbourhoods_and_Environment_Act_2005" title="Clean Neighbourhoods and Environment Act 2005">Clean Neighbourhoods and Environment Act 2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serious_Organised_Crime_and_Police_Act_2005" title="Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005">Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_Reform_and_Social_Responsibility_Act_2011" title="Police Reform and Social Responsibility Act 2011">Police Reform and Social Responsibility Act 2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Social_Behaviour,_Crime_and_Policing_Act_2014" title="Anti-Social Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act 2014">Anti-Social Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Policing_and_Crime_Act_2017" title="Policing and Crime Act 2017">Policing and Crime Act 2017</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Statutory instruments</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Police_and_Criminal_Evidence_(Northern_Ireland)_Order_1989" title="Police and Criminal Evidence (Northern Ireland) Order 1989">Police and Criminal Evidence (Northern Ireland) Order 1989</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="background:#ddddff;border-top:#aaa 1px solid; border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Crime in the United Kingdom">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Terrorism in the United Kingdom">Terrorism</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Law_enforcement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template:Law enforcement in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Law_enforcement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template talk:Law enforcement in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Law_enforcement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Law enforcement in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>police authority</b> in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> is a public authority that is responsible for overseeing the operations of a <a href="/wiki/Police_force" class="mw-redirect" title="Police force">police force</a>. The nature and composition of police authorities has varied over time, and there are now just four dedicated "police authorities" in the United Kingdom, although the term can refer to various similar successor bodies. </p><p>Until 2012/13, individual police authorities were maintained for each of the 43 <a href="/wiki/Territorial_police_force" title="Territorial police force">territorial police forces</a> in <a href="/wiki/England_and_Wales" title="England and Wales">England and Wales</a>, and for the 8 territorial police forces in <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>. Police authorities in England and Wales were abolished in November 2012, and replaced with directly elected <a href="/wiki/Police_and_crime_commissioner" title="Police and crime commissioner">police and crime commissioners</a>, and those in Scotland were merged in April 2013 to form the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Police_Authority" title="Scottish Police Authority">Scottish Police Authority</a> as part of the creation of <a href="/wiki/Police_Scotland" title="Police Scotland">Police Scotland</a>, the single police force for Scotland. The <a href="/wiki/Police_Service_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Police Service of Northern Ireland">Police Service of Northern Ireland</a> is overseen by the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Policing_Board" title="Northern Ireland Policing Board">Northern Ireland Policing Board</a>, and two of the three UK-wide <a href="/wiki/Special_police_force" class="mw-redirect" title="Special police force">special police forces</a> continue to be overseen by individual police authorities. The oversight of the two police forces serving London continues to be implemented via unique arrangements. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="England_and_Wales">England and Wales</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Police_authority&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: England and Wales"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history_to_1964">Early history to 1964</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Police_authority&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early history to 1964"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The introduction of police forces on a national scale in England and Wales began with the <a href="/wiki/Municipal_Corporations_Act_1835" title="Municipal Corporations Act 1835">Municipal Corporations Act 1835</a>, which required each <a href="/wiki/Borough" title="Borough">borough</a> to establish a "<a href="/wiki/Watch_committee" title="Watch committee">watch committee</a>" and thus appoint constables to "preserve the peace". Before the advent of police authorities, the regulatory bodies for police forces confined to a single borough were these watch committees, whilst those for counties from 1889 had been "standing joint committees" (after 1889 some control passed to the elected <a href="/wiki/County_council" title="County council">county council</a>; the joint committee also had magistrates). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1964:_creation_of_independent_police_authorities">1964: creation of independent police authorities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Police_authority&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1964: creation of independent police authorities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Police_Act_1964" title="Police Act 1964">Police Act 1964</a> introduced major reforms to the organisation and oversight of the police in England and Wales, following the report of the Royal Commission on the Police in 1962. The 1964 act abolished the old watch committee system which had come under severe criticism following several high-profile corruption scandals. </p><p>The act introduced <a href="/wiki/Police_area" title="Police area">police areas</a>, which would be administrative counties, county boroughs or "combined police areas", consisting of combinations of counties and county boroughs, served by a single force, overseen by an independent "police authority". The new police authorities would consist of two-thirds elected members of county or borough councils, and one-third magistrates. Under the <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_1972" title="Local Government Act 1972">Local Government Act 1972</a> the remaining borough police forces were abolished, and police authorities consisted of county councillors and magistrates in a ratio of two to one. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Police_and_Magistrates%27_Courts_Act_1994" title="Police and Magistrates' Courts Act 1994">Police and Magistrates' Courts Act 1994</a> altered the composition of the authorities with independent members being added. Typically, a police authority was made up of seventeen members – nine elected members (who were drawn from the local authority or authorities for the force area, and would be reflective of the political makeup of those authorities). The remaining eight members were called independent members, and were appointed from the local community for fixed terms of four years by the police authority itself - a long list, from applications received, was submitted by a committee of elected members and magistrates to the <a href="/wiki/Home_Office" title="Home Office">Home Office</a>. That committee then appointed the independent members from a shortlist returned by the Home Office. At least three of the police authority's independent members were magistrates. There was no difference in power or responsibility between the different types of member – there were examples of elected, independent and magistrate members chairing police authorities throughout England and Wales. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Funding">Funding</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Police_authority&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Funding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The bulk of police funding came from the <a href="/wiki/Home_Office" title="Home Office">Home Office</a> in the form of an annual grant (calculated on a proportionate basis by the Home Office to take into account the differences between the 43 forces in England and Wales, which vary significantly in terms of population, geographical size and crime levels and trends), though police authorities could also set a precept on the <a href="/wiki/Council_Tax" title="Council Tax">Council Tax</a> to raise additional funds. The Home Office had the power to prevent any precept increases deemed to be excessive. It was the police authority's responsibility to set the budget for the force area, which included allocating itself enough money from the overall policing budget to ensure that it can discharge its own functions effectively. </p><p>In its annual Policing Plan, a police authority was obliged to publish its budget for the year, as well as a value for money statement and to outline planned efficiency savings. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Inspections">Inspections</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Police_authority&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Inspections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Her_Majesty%27s_Inspectorate_of_Constabulary" class="mw-redirect" title="Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary">Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Audit_Commission_(United_Kingdom)" title="Audit Commission (United Kingdom)">Audit Commission</a> (or the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh_Audit_Commission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Welsh Audit Commission (page does not exist)">Welsh Audit Commission</a> in Wales) began a programme of inspection for police authorities in September 2009. Inspection scores four areas of police authority capability: </p> <ul><li>Setting strategic direction and priorities</li> <li>Scrutinising performance outcomes</li> <li>Achieving results through community engagement and partnerships</li> <li>Ensuring value for money and productivity</li></ul> <p>Each theme was scored from one to four: </p> <ol><li>Performs poorly</li> <li>Performs adequately</li> <li>Performs well</li> <li>Performs excellently</li></ol> <p>The police authority was also given an overall score using the same 1-4 system.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ten inspection reports were published, with the majority of inspected authorities scoring 2. The inspectorates published "Learning Lessons: An overview of the first ten joint inspections of police authorities by HMIC and the Audit Commission", outlining their findings from the first ten inspections, in March 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2012:_abolition_of_police_authorities_in_England_and_Wales">2012: abolition of police authorities in England and Wales</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Police_authority&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 2012: abolition of police authorities in England and Wales"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/2010_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2010 United Kingdom general election">2010 British general election campaign</a>, both the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrats</a>' manifestos outlined plans, respectively, to replace or reform police authorities, both parties raising concerns about the perceived lack of accountability of police authorities to the communities they served. The Conservatives proposed to replace them with a single elected individual<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (a 'police and crime commissioner', criticised as a model by some in policing),<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whilst the Liberal Democrats proposed to introduce direct elections to police authorities, whilst strengthening their powers.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following Royal Assent of the <a href="/wiki/Police_Reform_and_Social_Responsibility_Act_2011" title="Police Reform and Social Responsibility Act 2011">Police Reform and Social Responsibility Act 2011</a> police authorities were abolished and replaced with directly elected <a href="/wiki/Police_and_crime_commissioner" title="Police and crime commissioner">police and crime commissioners</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on 22 November 2012. Many of the outgoing members of police authorities stood for the role of PCC, highlighting their successive experience in the field, and many were elected. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="London">London</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Police_authority&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: London"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Police" title="Metropolitan Police">Metropolitan Police</a> and <a href="/wiki/City_of_London_Police" title="City of London Police">City of London Police</a> have historically been exceptions to the national rule. The Metropolitan Police were under the direct control of the <a href="/wiki/Home_Secretary" title="Home Secretary">Home Secretary</a> from their establishment in 1829 until 2000, when the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Police_Authority" title="Metropolitan Police Authority">Metropolitan Police Authority</a> (MPA) was established under the <a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Authority" title="Greater London Authority">Greater London Authority</a> to oversee the force. The MPA was replaced in January 2012, alongside the introduction of police and crime commissioners, by the <a href="/wiki/Mayor%27s_Office_for_Policing_and_Crime" title="Mayor's Office for Policing and Crime">Mayor's Office for Policing and Crime</a>, under the control of the <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_London" title="Mayor of London">Mayor of London</a>, and reporting to the Police and Crime Committee of the <a href="/wiki/London_Assembly" title="London Assembly">London Assembly</a>. Unlike the other police forces in England and Wales, where the chief officer is appointed by the locally elected police and crime commissioner, the national and international importance of the work of the Metropolitan Police means the appointment of the <a href="/wiki/Commissioner_of_Police_of_the_Metropolis" title="Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis">Metropolitan Police Commissioner</a> is still in the hands of the Home Secretary (and constitutionally made by the Monarch), although they must "have regard to any recommendations made" by the Mayor of London since the introduction of that position in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/City_of_London_Corporation" title="City of London Corporation">City of London Corporation</a> has been the police authority for the <a href="/wiki/City_of_London_Police" title="City of London Police">City of London Police</a> since their formal establishment in 1839. Despite the introduction of police and crime commissioners in 2012, the function of the Corporation as the police authority was retained by the <a href="/wiki/Police_Reform_and_Social_Responsibility_Act_2011" title="Police Reform and Social Responsibility Act 2011">Police Reform and Social Responsibility Act 2011</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This function is currently exercised by the Police Authority Board of the <a href="/wiki/City_of_London_Corporation#Court_of_Common_Council" title="City of London Corporation">Court of Common Council</a>, the elected body that runs the Corporation. Eleven of the members of the Board — including the chair and their deputy — are elected members of the Common Council, and the other three are appointed independent members.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The appointment of the Commissioner of the City of London Police is now made by the Common Council (although technically by the Monarch).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Northern_Ireland">Northern Ireland</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Police_authority&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Northern Ireland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Police_Service_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Police Service of Northern Ireland">Police Service of Northern Ireland</a> (PSNI) is supervised by the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Policing_Board" title="Northern Ireland Policing Board">Northern Ireland Policing Board</a>, of which ten are members of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Assembly" title="Northern Ireland Assembly">Northern Ireland Assembly</a> and nine are independent. The Board and the PSNI are the successors to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Police_Authority_for_Northern_Ireland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Police Authority for Northern Ireland (page does not exist)">Police Authority for Northern Ireland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Royal_Ulster_Constabulary" title="Royal Ulster Constabulary">Royal Ulster Constabulary</a> respectively, who they replaced on 4 November 2001. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scotland">Scotland</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Police_authority&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Scotland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, supervision of the police was historically the responsibility of the <a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Scotland" title="Local government in Scotland">elected local authority</a> which either directly supervised the local police force where its border was conterminous with the force, or through <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_in_the_United_Kingdom#Joint-boards" class="mw-redirect" title="Local Government in the United Kingdom">joint boards</a> with neighbouring local authorities where one forces covered more than one council area. The eight territorial police forces in Scotland were replaced in April 2013 by <a href="/wiki/Police_Scotland" title="Police Scotland">Police Scotland</a>, which is overseen by the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Police_Authority" title="Scottish Police Authority">Scottish Police Authority</a>, an independent public body that reports to the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Parliament" title="Scottish Parliament">Scottish Parliament</a>. The SPA also incorporated the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Police_Services_Authority" title="Scottish Police Services Authority">Scottish Police Services Authority</a>, which was the police authority for the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Crime_and_Drug_Enforcement_Agency" title="Scottish Crime and Drug Enforcement Agency">Scottish Crime and Drug Enforcement Agency</a> (itself merged into Police Scotland). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Single_authority">Single authority</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Police_authority&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Single authority"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following police forces were supervised by one single local authority: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Police force </th> <th>Local authority </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dumfries_and_Galloway_Constabulary" title="Dumfries and Galloway Constabulary">Dumfries and Galloway Constabulary</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dumfries_and_Galloway" title="Dumfries and Galloway">Dumfries and Galloway</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fife_Constabulary" title="Fife Constabulary">Fife Constabulary</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fife" title="Fife">Fife</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Joint_police_boards">Joint police boards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Police_authority&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Joint police boards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following police forces were supervised by a joint board: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Police force </th> <th>Joint board authorities </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Central_Scotland_Police" title="Central Scotland Police">Central Scotland Police</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Clackmannanshire" title="Clackmannanshire">Clackmannanshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Falkirk_(council_area)" title="Falkirk (council area)">Falkirk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stirling_(council_area)" title="Stirling (council area)">Stirling</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Grampian_Police" title="Grampian Police">Grampian Police</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aberdeenshire_(council_area)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aberdeenshire (council area)">Aberdeenshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aberdeen_City_(council_area)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aberdeen City (council area)">Aberdeen City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moray" title="Moray">Moray</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lothian_and_Borders_Police" title="Lothian and Borders Police">Lothian and Borders Police</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/City_of_Edinburgh_(council_area)" class="mw-redirect" title="City of Edinburgh (council area)">City of Edinburgh</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Lothian" title="East Lothian">East Lothian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Borders" title="Scottish Borders">Scottish Borders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Midlothian" title="Midlothian">Midlothian</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Lothian" title="West Lothian">West Lothian</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Northern_Constabulary" title="Northern Constabulary">Northern Constabulary</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Highland_(council_area)" title="Highland (council area)">Highland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orkney" title="Orkney">Orkney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shetland" title="Shetland">Shetland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Outer_Hebrides" title="Outer Hebrides">Na h-Eileanan Siar (Western Isles)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Strathclyde_Police" title="Strathclyde Police">Strathclyde Police</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Argyll_and_Bute" title="Argyll and Bute">Argyll and Bute</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Ayrshire" title="East Ayrshire">East Ayrshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Dunbartonshire" title="East Dunbartonshire">East Dunbartonshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Renfrewshire" title="East Renfrewshire">East Renfrewshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glasgow_City_(council_area)" class="mw-redirect" title="Glasgow City (council area)">Glasgow City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inverclyde" title="Inverclyde">Inverclyde</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Ayrshire" title="North Ayrshire">North Ayrshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Lanarkshire" title="North Lanarkshire">North Lanarkshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Renfrewshire" title="Renfrewshire">Renfrewshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Ayrshire" title="South Ayrshire">South Ayrshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Lanarkshire" title="South Lanarkshire">South Lanarkshire</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Dunbartonshire" title="West Dunbartonshire">West Dunbartonshire</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tayside_Police" title="Tayside Police">Tayside Police</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Angus,_Scotland" title="Angus, Scotland">Angus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dundee_City_(council_area)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dundee City (council area)">Dundee City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Perth_and_Kinross" title="Perth and Kinross">Perth and Kinross</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Special_police_forces">Special police forces</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Police_authority&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Special police forces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The various <a href="/wiki/Special_police_force" class="mw-redirect" title="Special police force">special police forces</a> in the United Kingdom each have different oversight arrangements. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_Transport_Police">British Transport Police</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Police_authority&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: British Transport Police"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/British_Transport_Police" title="British Transport Police">British Transport Police</a>, a privately funded police force responsible for policing the <a href="/wiki/Railways_of_Great_Britain" class="mw-redirect" title="Railways of Great Britain">railways of Great Britain</a>, is overseen by the <a href="/wiki/British_Transport_Police_Authority" title="British Transport Police Authority">British Transport Police Authority</a>. The Authority was created in 2004 by the <a href="/wiki/Railways_and_Transport_Safety_Act_2003" title="Railways and Transport Safety Act 2003">Railways and Transport Safety Act 2003</a> and is made up of approximately 12-15 members, each of whom represents groups concerned with the control, operation or use of the railways. They include representatives of the railway operators, railway users (freight and passenger), employees and the appropriate government departments dealing with transport in England, Scotland and Wales.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Civil_Nuclear_Constabulary">Civil Nuclear Constabulary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Police_authority&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Civil Nuclear Constabulary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Civil_Nuclear_Constabulary" title="Civil Nuclear Constabulary">Civil Nuclear Constabulary</a>, which polices nuclear power-related facilities and shipments in the United Kingdom, is overseen by the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Nuclear_Police_Authority" title="Civil Nuclear Police Authority">Civil Nuclear Police Authority</a>. The Authority was created in 2004 by the <a href="/wiki/Energy_Act_2004" title="Energy Act 2004">Energy Act 2004</a>; it is made up of eight members; four are nominated by the nuclear industry, while the remaining four include the Chairman.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ministry_of_Defence_Police">Ministry of Defence Police</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Police_authority&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Ministry of Defence Police"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_Police" title="Ministry of Defence Police">Ministry of Defence Police</a> does not have a police authority; however, the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_Police#Oversight" title="Ministry of Defence Police">Ministry of Defence Police Committee</a>, established by the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_Police_Act_1987" title="Ministry of Defence Police Act 1987">Ministry of Defence Police Act 1987</a>, advises the <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Defence" title="Secretary of State for Defence">Secretary of State for Defence</a> on matters concerning the Ministry of Defence Police.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Committee (or its members) also has various functions in determining police misconduct and appeals cases.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Police_authority&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20091205013243/http://www.audit-commission.gov.uk/SiteCollectionDocuments/MethodologyAndTools/Guidance/policeinspectionframeworkjul09.pdf">"Joint Audit Commission and Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary Police Authority Inspection Framework"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Audit_Commission_(United_Kingdom)" title="Audit Commission (United Kingdom)">Audit Commission</a></i>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.conservatives.com/Policy/Manifesto.aspx">the original</a> on 26 November 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Conservative+Party&rft.atitle=The+Conservative+Manifesto+2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservatives.com%2FPolicy%2FManifesto.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolice+authority" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/election_2010/england/8630195.stm">"Tories' elected police commissioner plan criticised"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. 19 April 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webarchive.org.uk/wayback/en/archive/20100420200916/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/election_2010/england/8630195.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 20 April 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Tories%27+elected+police+commissioner+plan+criticised&rft.date=2010-04-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk_politics%2Felection_2010%2Fengland%2F8630195.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolice+authority" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111222042146/http://www.libdems.org.uk/our_manifesto.aspx">"Our Manifesto"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrats</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Liberal+Democrats&rft.atitle=Our+Manifesto&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.libdems.org.uk%2Four_manifesto.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolice+authority" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2011/13/section/1/">"Police Reform and Social Responsibility Act 2011: Section 1"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Legislation.gov.uk" title="Legislation.gov.uk">legislation.gov.uk</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">The National Archives</a>, 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCity_of_London_Police2010" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/City_of_London_Police" title="City of London Police">City of London Police</a> (15 December 2010). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.policeoracle.com/news/City-of-London-Appoints-New-Commissioner_29026.html">"City of London Appoints New Commissioner"</a></span>. <i>Police Oracle</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2004/20/section/51/">"Energy Act 2004: Section 51"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Legislation.gov.uk" title="Legislation.gov.uk">legislation.gov.uk</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">The National Archives</a>, 2004 c. 20  (s. 51)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=legislation.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Energy+Act+2004%26%2358%3B+Section+51&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flegislation.gov.uk%2Fukpga%2F2004%2F20%2Fsection%2F51%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolice+authority" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2004/20/schedule/10/">"Energy Act 2004: Schedule 10"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Legislation.gov.uk" title="Legislation.gov.uk">legislation.gov.uk</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">The National Archives</a>, 2004 c. 20 (sch. 10)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=legislation.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Energy+Act+2004%26%2358%3B+Schedule+10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flegislation.gov.uk%2Fukpga%2F2004%2F20%2Fschedule%2F10%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolice+authority" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1987/4/section/1/">"Ministry of Defence Police Act 1987: Section 1"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Legislation.gov.uk" title="Legislation.gov.uk">legislation.gov.uk</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">The National Archives</a>, 1987 c. 4  (s. 1)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=legislation.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Ministry+of+Defence+Police+Act+1987%26%2358%3B+Section+1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flegislation.gov.uk%2Fukpga%2F1987%2F4%2Fsection%2F1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolice+authority" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2009/1609/made">"The Ministry of Defence Police (Committee) Regulations 2009"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Legislation.gov.uk" title="Legislation.gov.uk">legislation.gov.uk</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">The National Archives</a>, SI 2009/1609</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=legislation.gov.uk&rft.atitle=The+Ministry+of+Defence+Police+%28Committee%29+Regulations+2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flegislation.gov.uk%2Fuksi%2F2009%2F1609%2Fmade&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolice+authority" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ministry-of-defence-police-committee-terms-of-reference/mod-police-committee-terms-of-reference">"MOD Police Committee: terms of reference"</a>. <i>GOV.UK</i>. <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom)" title="Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)">Ministry of Defence</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20140810124450/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ministry-of-defence-police-committee-terms-of-reference/mod-police-committee-terms-of-reference">Archived</a> from the original on 10 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GOV.UK&rft.atitle=MOD+Police+Committee%3A+terms+of+reference&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fpublications%2Fministry-of-defence-police-committee-terms-of-reference%2Fmod-police-committee-terms-of-reference&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolice+authority" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2009/3070/made">"The Ministry of Defence Police Appeals Tribunals Regulations 2009"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Legislation.gov.uk" title="Legislation.gov.uk">legislation.gov.uk</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">The National Archives</a>, SI 2009/3070</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=legislation.gov.uk&rft.atitle=The+Ministry+of+Defence+Police+Appeals+Tribunals+Regulations+2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flegislation.gov.uk%2Fuksi%2F2009%2F3070%2Fmade&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolice+authority" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2009/3069/made">"The Ministry of Defence Police (Conduct) Regulations 2009"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Legislation.gov.uk" title="Legislation.gov.uk">legislation.gov.uk</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">The National Archives</a>, SI 2009/3069</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=legislation.gov.uk&rft.atitle=The+Ministry+of+Defence+Police+%28Conduct%29+Regulations+2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flegislation.gov.uk%2Fuksi%2F2009%2F3069%2Fmade&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolice+authority" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Police_authority&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apccs.police.uk/">Website of the Association of Police and Crime Commissioners</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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