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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Purpose"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Purpose</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Purpose-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Updates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Updates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Updates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Updates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culbertson_honor-tricks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culbertson_honor-tricks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Culbertson honor-tricks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culbertson_honor-tricks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-BBO_Test" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#BBO_Test"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>BBO Test</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-BBO_Test-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scoring_tables" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scoring_tables"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Scoring tables</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scoring_tables-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Capitalization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 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data-ooui='{"_":"OO.ui.ToggleSwitchWidget","href":"\/w\/index.php?title=User:Newwhist\/sandbox\/Project_WPCB\/Bidding_and_play&diff=prev&oldid=1232372479&diff-type=inline","value":false,"title":"Switches between inline format and two-column format"}'><span class='oo-ui-toggleSwitchWidget-glow'></span><a href='/w/index.php?title=User:Newwhist/sandbox/Project_WPCB/Bidding_and_play&diff=prev&oldid=1232372479&diff-type=inline'><span class='oo-ui-toggleSwitchWidget-grip'></span></a></div></div></div></div></div></div><table class="diff diff-type-table diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" class="diff-otitle diff-side-deleted"><div id="mw-diff-otitle1"><strong><a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Newwhist/sandbox/Project_WPCB/Bidding_and_play&oldid=1232371989" title="User:Newwhist/sandbox/Project WPCB/Bidding and play">Revision as of 12:09, 3 July 2024</a> <span class="mw-diff-edit"><a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Newwhist/sandbox/Project_WPCB/Bidding_and_play&action=edit&oldid=1232371989" title="User:Newwhist/sandbox/Project WPCB/Bidding and play">edit</a></span><span class="mw-diff-timestamp" data-timestamp="2024-07-03T12:09:36Z"></span></strong></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle2"><a href="/wiki/User:Newwhist" class="mw-userlink" title="User:Newwhist" data-mw-revid="1232371989"><bdi>Newwhist</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Newwhist" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:Newwhist">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Newwhist" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/Newwhist">contribs</a>)</span><div class="mw-diff-usermetadata"><div class="mw-diff-userroles"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Extended_confirmed_editors" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Extended confirmed editors">Extended confirmed users</a></div><div class="mw-diff-usereditcount"><span>23,547</span> edits</div></div></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle3"> <span class="comment comment--without-parentheses"><span class="autocomment"><a href="#References">→<bdi dir="ltr">References</bdi></a>: </span> ce</span></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle5"></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle4"><a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Newwhist/sandbox/Project_WPCB/Bidding_and_play&diff=prev&oldid=1232371989" title="User:Newwhist/sandbox/Project WPCB/Bidding and play" id="differences-prevlink">← Previous edit</a></div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-ntitle diff-side-added"><div id="mw-diff-ntitle1"><strong><a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Newwhist/sandbox/Project_WPCB/Bidding_and_play&oldid=1232372479" title="User:Newwhist/sandbox/Project WPCB/Bidding and play">Revision as of 12:13, 3 July 2024</a> <span class="mw-diff-edit"><a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Newwhist/sandbox/Project_WPCB/Bidding_and_play&action=edit&oldid=1232372479" title="User:Newwhist/sandbox/Project WPCB/Bidding and play">edit</a></span><span class="mw-diff-timestamp" data-timestamp="2024-07-03T12:13:28Z"></span> <span class="mw-diff-undo"><a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Newwhist/sandbox/Project_WPCB/Bidding_and_play&action=edit&undoafter=1232371989&undo=1232372479" title=""Undo" reverts this edit and opens the edit form in preview mode. It allows adding a reason in the summary.">undo</a></span></strong></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle2"><a href="/wiki/User:Newwhist" class="mw-userlink" title="User:Newwhist" data-mw-revid="1232372479"><bdi>Newwhist</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Newwhist" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:Newwhist">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Newwhist" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/Newwhist">contribs</a>)</span><div class="mw-diff-usermetadata"><div class="mw-diff-userroles"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Extended_confirmed_editors" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Extended confirmed editors">Extended confirmed users</a></div><div class="mw-diff-usereditcount"><span>23,547</span> edits</div></div></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle3"> <span class="comment comment--without-parentheses"><span class="autocomment"><a href="#History">→<bdi dir="ltr">History</bdi></a>: </span> ce</span></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle5"></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle4"><a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Newwhist/sandbox/Project_WPCB/Bidding_and_play&diff=next&oldid=1232372479" title="User:Newwhist/sandbox/Project WPCB/Bidding and play" id="differences-nextlink">Next edit →</a></div></td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 283:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 283:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>"Uniquely amongst bridge conventions, it should arguably be spelled with a lowercase first letter – lebensohl."[5] and it was thought to be the brainchild of Kenneth Lebensold (whose name had been misspelled). However, Lebensold emphatically denied any part of the convention's development. For lack of a better name, George Boehm appropriated the misspelling and introduced "lebensohl" in The Bridge World, (November, 1970).</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>"Uniquely amongst bridge conventions, it should arguably be spelled with a lowercase first letter – lebensohl."[5] and it was thought to be the brainchild of Kenneth Lebensold (whose name had been misspelled). However, Lebensold emphatically denied any part of the convention's development. For lack of a better name, George Boehm appropriated the misspelling and introduced "lebensohl" in The Bridge World, (November, 1970).</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>;References</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>;References<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> select</ins></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-right" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to old location." href="#movedpara_6_0_lhs">⚫</a></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div><a name="movedpara_2_0_rhs"></a>* {{cite book</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-right" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to old location." href="#movedpara_6_1_lhs">⚫</a></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div><a name="movedpara_2_1_rhs"></a> |last = Kearse</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-right" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to old location." href="#movedpara_6_2_lhs">⚫</a></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div><a name="movedpara_2_2_rhs"></a> |first = Amalya</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-right" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to old location." href="#movedpara_6_3_lhs">⚫</a></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div><a name="movedpara_2_3_rhs"></a> |author-link = Amalya Lyle Kearse</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-right" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to old location." href="#movedpara_6_4_lhs">⚫</a></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div><a name="movedpara_2_4_rhs"></a> |title = Bridge Convention Complete</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-right" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to old location." href="#movedpara_6_5_lhs">⚫</a></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div><a name="movedpara_2_5_rhs"></a> |publisher = Devyn Press, Inc.</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-right" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to old location." href="#movedpara_6_6_lhs">⚫</a></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div><a name="movedpara_2_6_rhs"></a> |location = Louisville, KY</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-right" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to old location." href="#movedpara_6_7_lhs">⚫</a></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div><a name="movedpara_2_7_rhs"></a> |edition = Revised and Expanded </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-right" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to old location." href="#movedpara_6_8_lhs">⚫</a></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div><a name="movedpara_2_8_rhs"></a> |pages = 484-486</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-right" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to old location." href="#movedpara_6_9_lhs">⚫</a></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div><a name="movedpara_2_9_rhs"></a> |year = 1990</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-right" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to old location." href="#movedpara_6_10_lhs">⚫</a></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div><a name="movedpara_2_10_rhs"></a> |isbn = 0-910791-76-7}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>*{{cite book</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>*{{cite book</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div> |last = Andersen</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div> |last = Andersen</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 293:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 304:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div> |year = 1987</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div> |year = 1987</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div> |isbn = 0-910791-82-1}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div> |isbn = 0-910791-82-1}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-right" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to old location." href="#movedpara_8_0_lhs">⚫</a></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div><a name="movedpara_4_0_rhs"></a>* {{cite book</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-right" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to old location." href="#movedpara_8_1_lhs">⚫</a></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div><a name="movedpara_4_1_rhs"></a> |last = Lindkvist</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-right" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to old location." href="#movedpara_8_2_lhs">⚫</a></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div><a name="movedpara_4_2_rhs"></a> |first = Magnus</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-right" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to old location." href="#movedpara_8_3_lhs">⚫</a></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div><a name="movedpara_4_3_rhs"></a> |title = Bridge: Classic and Modern Conventions</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-right" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to old location." href="#movedpara_8_4_lhs">⚫</a></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div><a name="movedpara_4_4_rhs"></a> |location = Bucharest, Romania</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-right" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to old location." href="#movedpara_8_5_lhs">⚫</a></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div><a name="movedpara_4_5_rhs"></a> |year = 2001</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-right" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to old location." href="#movedpara_8_6_lhs">⚫</a></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div><a name="movedpara_4_6_rhs"></a> |isbn = 91-631-1099-7}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>;References all</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>* {{cite book</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>* {{cite book</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div> |last = De Satnick</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div> |last = De Satnick</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 344:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 363:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div> |url = https://archive.org/details/simpleconvention0000hort/page/96</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div> |url = https://archive.org/details/simpleconvention0000hort/page/96</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div> }}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div> }}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-left" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to new location." href="#movedpara_2_0_rhs">⚫</a></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div><a name="movedpara_6_0_lhs"></a>* {{cite book</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-left" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to new location." href="#movedpara_2_1_rhs">⚫</a></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div><a name="movedpara_6_1_lhs"></a> |last = Kearse</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-left" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to new location." href="#movedpara_2_2_rhs">⚫</a></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div><a name="movedpara_6_2_lhs"></a> |first = Amalya</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-left" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to new location." href="#movedpara_2_3_rhs">⚫</a></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div><a name="movedpara_6_3_lhs"></a> |author-link = Amalya Lyle Kearse</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-left" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to new location." href="#movedpara_2_4_rhs">⚫</a></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div><a name="movedpara_6_4_lhs"></a> |title = Bridge Convention Complete</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-left" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to new location." href="#movedpara_2_5_rhs">⚫</a></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div><a name="movedpara_6_5_lhs"></a> |publisher = Devyn Press, Inc.</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-left" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to new location." href="#movedpara_2_6_rhs">⚫</a></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div><a name="movedpara_6_6_lhs"></a> |location = Louisville, KY</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-left" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to new location." href="#movedpara_2_7_rhs">⚫</a></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div><a name="movedpara_6_7_lhs"></a> |edition = Revised and Expanded </div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-left" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to new location." href="#movedpara_2_8_rhs">⚫</a></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div><a name="movedpara_6_8_lhs"></a> |pages = 484-486</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-left" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to new location." href="#movedpara_2_9_rhs">⚫</a></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div><a name="movedpara_6_9_lhs"></a> |year = 1990</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-left" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to new location." href="#movedpara_2_10_rhs">⚫</a></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div><a name="movedpara_6_10_lhs"></a> |isbn = 0-910791-76-7}}</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>* {{cite book</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>* {{cite book</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div> |last = Klinger</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div> |last = Klinger</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 401:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 409:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div> |edition = 3rd</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div> |edition = 3rd</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div> |isbn = 978-0-906031-37-7}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div> |isbn = 978-0-906031-37-7}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-left" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to new location." href="#movedpara_4_0_rhs">⚫</a></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div><a name="movedpara_8_0_lhs"></a>* {{cite book</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-left" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to new location." href="#movedpara_4_1_rhs">⚫</a></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div><a name="movedpara_8_1_lhs"></a> |last = Lindkvist</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-left" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to new location." href="#movedpara_4_2_rhs">⚫</a></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div><a name="movedpara_8_2_lhs"></a> |first = Magnus</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-left" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to new location." href="#movedpara_4_3_rhs">⚫</a></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div><a name="movedpara_8_3_lhs"></a> |title = Bridge: Classic and Modern Conventions</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-left" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to new location." href="#movedpara_4_4_rhs">⚫</a></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div><a name="movedpara_8_4_lhs"></a> |location = Bucharest, Romania</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-left" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to new location." href="#movedpara_4_5_rhs">⚫</a></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div><a name="movedpara_8_5_lhs"></a> |year = 2001</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-left" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to new location." href="#movedpara_4_6_rhs">⚫</a></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div><a name="movedpara_8_6_lhs"></a> |isbn = 91-631-1099-7}}</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>* {{cite book</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>* {{cite book</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div> |last1 = Root</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div> |last1 = Root</div></td> </tr> </table><hr class='diff-hr' id='mw-oldid' /> <h2 class='diff-currentversion-title'>Revision as of 12:13, 3 July 2024</h2> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading1"><h1 id="Transfers_following_a_double">Transfers following a double</h1></div> <p>When partner opens 1NT and the intervening opponent doubles, there are several variations as to the meaning of responder's actions. </p> <ol><li>Notwithstanding the meaning of other actions, most agree that Stayman is 'on' and a response of 2<span style="color:black" class="clubs" title="clubs">♣</span> over the double is Stayman.</li></ol> <p>sometimes depending upon whether the double is for penalty or has another conventional meaning, such as in DONT where it shows a one-suited hand. </p><p>Opinions vary as to the other The Double is for penalty </p> <ol><li>Systems are 'off': Transfers and Stayman become inoperative, i.e. all 2-level bids are for take-out. This has the advantage of simplicity but the disadvantage that the stronger hand becomes dummy with a resultant offering of information to opponents, though conversely responder's hand which could have a wide range of possible strengths is completely concealed from opponents.</li></ol> <ul><li>All 2-level bids become transfers according to this scheme (known as "exit transfers" in some quarters): <ul><li>redouble transfers to 2<span style="color:black" class="clubs" title="clubs">♣</span>.</li> <li>2<span style="color:black" class="clubs" title="clubs">♣</span> transfers to 2<span style="color:red" class="diamonds" title="diamonds">♦</span>.</li> <li>2<span style="color:red" class="diamonds" title="diamonds">♦</span> transfers to 2<span style="color: red" class="hearts" title="hearts">♥</span>.</li> <li>2<span style="color: red" class="hearts" title="hearts">♥</span> transfers to 2<span style="color:black" class="spades" title="spades">♠</span>.</li> <li>2<span style="color:black" class="spades" title="spades">♠</span> (Acol - I have 11 HCP) transfers to NT at the appropriate level.</li> <li>2NT (Acol - I have 12 HCP)</li></ul></li></ul> <p>(Note: some partnerships use a "forcing pass" by the partner of the 1NT opener. The 1NT opener is then obliged to redouble. The partner of the 1NT opener may then pass the redouble with a good hand and 1NT redoubled is judged to be makeable, or with a poor hand initiate bidding 4-card suits up-the-line until at least at 4-3 suit fit is found). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading1"><h1 id="Combinations">Combinations</h1></div> <p><i><b>See main article <a href="/wiki/Suit_combinations" class="mw-redirect" title="Suit combinations">Suit combinations</a>.</b></i> </p><p>The tables presented below indicate the best line of play in <a href="/wiki/Contract_bridge" title="Contract bridge">contract bridge</a> for a single suit in isolation in which declarer and dummy lack the ten but possess the ace, king, queen and jack. The required minimum number of tricks is indicated as well as the probability of success (POS). The line of play that is optimal in <a href="/wiki/Duplicate_bridge#Matchpoint_scoring" title="Duplicate bridge">matchpoint</a> scoring (the line of play that beats other lines of play on as many lay-outs as possible) is marked with (MP). Best defense is assumed (including falsecarding where necessary). In all cases, it is assumed declarer and dummy have enough entries via the other suits. In the lay-out for declarer and dummy, irrelevant small cards are denoted by 'x'. In the descriptions, 'RHO' stands for 'right hand opponent' (the opponent sitting behind dummy), and 'LHO' stands for 'left hand opponent' (the opponent sitting behind declarer). </p><p>The lines of play are based on the absence of any information about the lay of the opponent’s cards. In practice some information may be inferred from the bidding or prior play. In addition, which line of play is chosen will depend upon declarer’s objectives given the method of scoring and his willingness to accept a greater risk of failure for a greater reward. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Official_Encyclopedia_of_Bridge">The Official Encyclopedia of Bridge</h2></div> <p>First edited by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eric_Crowhurst&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eric Crowhurst (page does not exist)">Eric Crowhurst</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and presented, with corrections, in each subsequent edition of <a href="/wiki/The_Official_Encyclopedia_of_Bridge" title="The Official Encyclopedia of Bridge">The Official Encyclopedia of Bridge</a> (OEB),<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the options for the line of play of a particular suit combination is considered in two ways: (1) from the angle of safety plays, the number of tricks required is given together with the appropriate play and the percentage prospects, and (2) where no particular number of tricks is required but declarer simply wants to do as well as possible, the indicated maximum play (Max) is given with the expectation of tricks if this line is followed. </p><p>The lines of play presented in the OEB are based on the absence of any information about the lay of the opponent’s cards. In practice some information may be inferred from the bidding or prior play. In addition, which line of play is chosen will depend upon declarer’s objectives given the method of scoring and his willingness to accept a greater risk of failure for a greater reward. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Missing_the_ten">Missing the ten</h2></div> <p>The best line of play in contract bridge for a single suit in isolation in which declarer and dummy lack the ten but possess the ace, king, queen and jack. The line of play varies depending on how many cards are held by the defence, and the required minimum number of tricks. The probability of success is also shown. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Declarer_and_dummy_hold_six_cards_combined">Declarer and dummy hold six cards combined</h2></div> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th width="90">Declarer - dummy</th> <th width="60">Tricks required</th> <th>Line of play</th> <th width="40">POS </th></tr> <tr> <td>x - AKQJ9</td> <td>5</td> <td>Cash the top honours (mp)</td> <td>0.719 </td></tr> <tr> <td>x - AKQJ8</td> <td>5</td> <td>Cash the top honours (mp)</td> <td>0.636 </td></tr> <tr> <td>x - AKQJx</td> <td>5</td> <td>Cash the top honours (mp)</td> <td>0.622 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Declarer_and_dummy_hold_seven_cards_combined">Declarer and dummy hold seven cards combined</h2></div> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th width="90">Declarer - dummy</th> <th width="60">Tricks required</th> <th>Line of play</th> <th width="40">POS </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">x - AKQJ9x</td> <td>6</td> <td>Cash the top honours (mp)</td> <td>0.864 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td>Finesse the 9</td> <td>0.993 </td></tr> <tr> <td>xx - AKQJ9</td> <td>5</td> <td>Cash the top honours (mp)</td> <td>0.871 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jx - AKQ9x</td> <td>5</td> <td>Cash the top honours (mp)</td> <td>0.871 </td></tr> <tr> <td>xx - AKQJx</td> <td>5</td> <td>Cash the top honours (mp)</td> <td>0.840 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jx - AKQxx</td> <td>5</td> <td>Cash the top honours (mp)</td> <td>0.840 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Declarer_and_dummy_hold_eight_cards_combined">Declarer and dummy hold eight cards combined</h2></div> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th width="90">Declarer - dummy</th> <th width="60">Tricks required</th> <th>Line of play</th> <th width="40">POS </th></tr> <tr> <td>x - AKQJxxx</td> <td>7</td> <td>Cash the top honours (mp)</td> <td>0.961 </td></tr> <tr> <td>xx - AKQJ9x</td> <td>6</td> <td>Cash the top honours, but finesse the 9 if rho shows out in first round (mp)</td> <td>0.980 </td></tr> <tr> <td>xx - AKQJxx</td> <td>6</td> <td>Cash the top honours (mp)</td> <td>0.961 </td></tr> <tr> <td>xxx - AKQJ9</td> <td>5</td> <td>Cash the top honours, but finesse the 9 if rho shows out in the first round (mp)</td> <td>0.980 </td></tr> <tr> <td>xxx - AKQJ8</td> <td>5</td> <td>Cash the top honours, but repeat the finesse to the 8 if rho shows out in the first round (mp)</td> <td>0.980 </td></tr> <tr> <td>xxx - AKQJx</td> <td>5</td> <td>Cash the top honours (mp)</td> <td>0.961 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Suit_combinations&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Suit combinations (page does not exist)">Suit combinations</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading1"><h1 id="WBS">WBS</h1></div> <p>The <b>Bridge World Standard</b> (BWS) is a <a href="/wiki/Bidding_system" title="Bidding system">bidding system</a> in the card game <a href="/wiki/Contract_bridge" title="Contract bridge">contract bridge</a>, first developed and serially published between 1967<sup id="cite_ref-TBW1967_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TBW1967-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 1969<sup id="cite_ref-TBW1969_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TBW1969-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by <a href="/wiki/The_Bridge_World" title="The Bridge World">The Bridge World</a> magazine. It has been updated periodically. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Purpose">Purpose</h2></div> <p>Like the <a href="/wiki/Standard_American#SAYC" title="Standard American">Standard American Yellow Card</a> (SAYC), it was intended "for use by impromptu or casual partnerships" and "as a basis for discussion by those who wish to formulate their own system." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Updates">Updates</h2></div> <p>The system was updated as the BWS 1984, BWS 1994,BWS 2001 and BWS 2017 editions. It is based on majority preferences of poled<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="typo or technical term? (November 2016)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> experts and readers of the magazine. </p><p>The system shares some similarities with <a href="/wiki/Standard_American" title="Standard American">Standard American</a> and <a href="/wiki/2/1_game_forcing" title="2/1 game forcing">2/1 game forcing</a>, but with many advanced treatments. </p><p>Refs<sup id="cite_ref-TBW1967_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TBW1967-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TBW1969_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TBW1969-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TBW1984_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TBW1984-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TBW2001_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TBW2001-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TBW1994_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TBW1994-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TBW1993_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TBW1993-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TBW2016_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TBW2016-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TBW2017_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TBW2017-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-TBW1967_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TBW1967-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-TBW1969_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TBW1969-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-TBW1984_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TBW1984-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-TBW1993_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TBW1993-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-TBW1994_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TBW1994-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-TBW2001_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TBW2001-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-TBW2016_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TBW2016-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-TBW2017_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TBW2017-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><i>The Bridge World</i> magazine's <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bridgeworld.com/?d=bw_standard&f=bwstandardmainpage.html">main page</a> for the Bridge World Standard system.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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aria-labelledby="Contract_bridge" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Index_of_contract_bridge_articles" title="Template:Index of contract bridge articles"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Index_of_contract_bridge_articles" title="Template talk:Index of contract bridge articles"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Index_of_contract_bridge_articles" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Index of contract bridge articles"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Contract_bridge" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Contract_bridge" title="Contract bridge">Contract bridge</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Overview" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Overview</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent; text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="General" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auction_bridge" title="Auction bridge">Auction bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_ethics" title="Bridge ethics">Bridge ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge-O-Rama" title="Bridge-O-Rama">Bridge-O-Rama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_maxims" title="Bridge maxims">Bridge maxims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_Murder_case" title="Bridge Murder case">Bridge Murder case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_scoring" title="Bridge scoring">Bridge scoring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_whist" title="Bridge whist">Bridge whist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridgette_(game)" title="Bridgette (game)">Bridgette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheating_in_bridge" title="Cheating in bridge">Cheating in bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_(bridge_card_game)" title="Chicago (bridge card game)">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_bridge" title="Computer bridge">Computer bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contract_bridge" title="Contract bridge">Contract bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contract_bridge_diagram" title="Contract bridge diagram">Contract bridge diagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duplicate_bridge" title="Duplicate bridge">Duplicate bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duplicate_bridge_movements" title="Duplicate bridge movements">Duplicate bridge movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five-suit_bridge" title="Five-suit bridge">Five-suit bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goulash_(bridge)" title="Goulash (bridge)">Goulash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_contract_bridge_terms" title="Glossary of contract bridge terms">Glossary of contract bridge terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_card_by_suit" title="High card by suit">High card by suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_contract_bridge" title="History of contract bridge">History of contract bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laws_of_Duplicate_Bridge" title="Laws of Duplicate Bridge">Laws of Duplicate Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masterpoints" title="Masterpoints">Masterpoints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minibridge" title="Minibridge">Minibridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuberg_formula" title="Neuberg formula">Neuberg formula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubber_bridge" title="Rubber bridge">Rubber bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screen_(bridge)" title="Screen (bridge)">Screen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singaporean_bridge" title="Singaporean bridge">Singaporean bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suit_(cards)" class="mw-redirect" title="Suit (cards)">Suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traveling_scoreslip" title="Traveling scoreslip">Traveling scoreslip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_(card_games)" title="Trump (card games)">Trump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vugraph" title="Vugraph">Vugraph</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Bidding" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Bidding</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent; text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balanced_hand" title="Balanced hand">Balanced hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balancing_(bridge)" title="Balancing (bridge)">Balancing (bridge)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidding_box" title="Bidding box">Bidding box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidding_system" title="Bidding system">Bidding system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_(bridge)" title="Board (bridge)">Board (bridge)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_convention" title="Bridge convention">Bridge convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_sticker" title="Brown sticker">Brown sticker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_card" title="Convention card">Convention card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cue_bid" title="Cue bid">Cue bid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five-card_majors" title="Five-card majors">Five-card majors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forcing_bid" title="Forcing bid">Forcing bid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forcing_pass" title="Forcing pass">Forcing pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_try" title="Game try">Game try</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand_evaluation" title="Hand evaluation">Hand evaluation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honor_point_count" title="Honor point count">Honor point count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverted_minors" title="Inverted minors">Inverted minors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_total_tricks" title="Law of total tricks">Law of total tricks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Losing-Trick_Count" title="Losing-Trick Count">Losing-Trick Count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_suit" title="Major suit">Major suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minor_suit" title="Minor suit">Minor suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optimum_contract_and_par_contract" title="Optimum contract and par contract">Optimum contract and par contract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overcall" title="Overcall">Overcall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preempt" title="Preempt">Preempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prepared_opening_bid" title="Prepared opening bid">Prepared opening bid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principle_of_fast_arrival" title="Principle of fast arrival">Principle of fast arrival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychic_bid" title="Psychic bid">Psychic bid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantitative_notrump_bids" title="Quantitative notrump bids">Quantitative notrump bids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_(bridge)" title="Reverse (bridge)">Reverse (bridge)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrifice_(bridge)" title="Sacrifice (bridge)">Sacrifice (bridge)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_(bridge)" title="Shooting (bridge)">Shooting (bridge)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_suiter" title="Single suiter">Single suiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stolen_bid" title="Stolen bid">Stolen bid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strong_pass" title="Strong pass">Strong pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takeout_double" title="Takeout double">Takeout double</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_suiter" title="Three suiter">Three suiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_suiter" title="Two suiter">Two suiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Useful_space_principle" title="Useful space principle">Useful space principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Void_(cards)" title="Void (cards)">Void (cards)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weak_two_bid" title="Weak two bid">Weak two bid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zar_Points" title="Zar Points">Zar Points</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bidding_systems" title="List of bidding systems">List of bidding systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2/1_game_forcing" title="2/1 game forcing">2/1 game forcing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acol" title="Acol">Acol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidding_system" title="Bidding system">Bidding system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Club" title="Blue Club">Blue Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boring_Club" title="Boring Club">Boring Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_Base_Basic" title="Bridge Base Basic">Bridge Base Basic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_World_Standard" title="Bridge World Standard">Bridge World Standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canap%C3%A9_(bridge)" title="Canapé (bridge)">Canapé (bridge)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrot_Club" title="Carrot Club">Carrot Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EHAA" title="EHAA">EHAA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantunes" title="Fantunes">Fantunes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highly_unusual_method" title="Highly unusual method">Highly unusual method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaplan%E2%80%93Sheinwold" title="Kaplan–Sheinwold">Kaplan–Sheinwold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Major" title="Little Major">Little Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscito" title="Moscito">Moscito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Club" title="Polish Club">Polish Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precision_Club" title="Precision Club">Precision Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Club" title="Roman Club">Roman Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romex_system" title="Romex system">Romex system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A4ffle_Spade" title="Säffle Spade">Säffle Spade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_American" title="Standard American">Standard American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strong_club_system" title="Strong club system">Strong club system</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conventions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bridge_conventions" title="Category:Bridge conventions">List of bidding conventions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Card_play" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Card play</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent; text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_play_techniques_(bridge)" title="List of play techniques (bridge)">List of play techniques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avoidance_play" title="Avoidance play">Avoidance play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_card" title="Beer card">Beer card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caddy_(bridge)" title="Caddy (bridge)">Caddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Card_reading_(bridge)" title="Card reading (bridge)">Card reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duck_(bridge)" title="Duck (bridge)">Duck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endplay" title="Endplay">Endplay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entry_(cards)" title="Entry (cards)">Entry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grosvenor_gambit" title="Grosvenor gambit">Grosvenor gambit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hold_up_(bridge)" title="Hold up (bridge)">Hold up</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percentage_play" title="Percentage play">Percentage play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pin_(bridge)" title="Pin (bridge)">Pin (bridge)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principle_of_restricted_choice" title="Principle of restricted choice">Principle of restricted choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contract_bridge_probabilities" title="Contract bridge probabilities">Probabilities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revoke" title="Revoke">Revoke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruff_(cards)" title="Ruff (cards)">Ruff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_(bridge)" title="Shooting (bridge)">Shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smother_play" title="Smother play">Smother play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempo_(bridge)" title="Tempo (bridge)">Tempo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_promotion" title="Trump promotion">Trump promotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uppercut_(bridge)" title="Uppercut (bridge)">Uppercut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vacant_Places" title="Vacant Places">Vacant Places</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Declarer play</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><span class="tmp-color" style="color:blue"><span class="smallcaps">Basic:</span></span></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finesse" title="Finesse">Finesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_play" title="Safety play">Safety play</a></li> <li><b><span class="tmp-color" style="color:blue"><span class="smallcaps">Coups:</span></span></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcatraz_coup" title="Alcatraz coup">Alcatraz coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bath_coup" title="Bath coup">Bath coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belladonna_coup" title="Belladonna coup">Belladonna coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coup_(bridge)" title="Coup (bridge)">Coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coup_en_passant" title="Coup en passant">Coup en passant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crocodile_coup" title="Crocodile coup">Crocodile coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deschapelles_coup" title="Deschapelles coup">Deschapelles coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devil%27s_coup" title="Devil's coup">Devil's coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loser_on_loser" title="Loser on loser">Loser on loser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merrimac_coup" title="Merrimac coup">Merrimac coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morton%27s_fork_coup" title="Morton's fork coup">Morton's fork coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scissors_coup" title="Scissors coup">Scissors coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_coup" title="Trump coup">Trump coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_coup" title="Vienna coup">Vienna coup</a></li> <li><b><span class="tmp-color" style="color:blue"><span class="smallcaps">Squeezes:</span></span></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backwash_squeeze" title="Backwash squeeze">Backwash squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannibal_squeeze" title="Cannibal squeeze">Cannibal squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clash_squeeze" title="Clash squeeze">Clash squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compound_squeeze" title="Compound squeeze">Compound squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criss-cross_squeeze" title="Criss-cross squeeze">Criss-cross squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_squeeze" title="Double squeeze">Double squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entry_squeeze" title="Entry squeeze">Entry squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entry-shifting_squeeze" title="Entry-shifting squeeze">Entry-shifting squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guard_squeeze" title="Guard squeeze">Guard squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knockout_squeeze" title="Knockout squeeze">Knockout squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-simultaneous_double_squeeze" title="Non-simultaneous double squeeze">Non-simultaneous double squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_squeeze" title="Progressive squeeze">Progressive squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-squeeze" title="Pseudo-squeeze">Pseudo-squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturated_squeeze" title="Saturated squeeze">Saturated squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_squeeze" title="Simple squeeze">Simple squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simultaneous_double_squeeze" title="Simultaneous double squeeze">Simultaneous double squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-suit_squeeze" title="Single-suit squeeze">Single-suit squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squeeze_play_(bridge)" title="Squeeze play (bridge)">Squeeze play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stepping-stone_squeeze" title="Stepping-stone squeeze">Stepping-stone squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strip_squeeze" title="Strip squeeze">Strip squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_squeeze" title="Triple squeeze">Triple squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_squeeze" title="Trump squeeze">Trump squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_squeeze" title="Vice squeeze">Vice squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winkle_squeeze" title="Winkle squeeze">Winkle squeeze</a></li> <li><b><span class="tmp-color" style="color:blue"><span class="smallcaps">Suit combinations:</span></span></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suit_combination" title="Suit combination">Suit combination</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defender play</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forcing_defense" title="Forcing defense">Forcing defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journalist_leads" title="Journalist leads">Journalist leads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opening_lead" title="Opening lead">Opening lead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_10-12" title="Rule of 10-12">Rule of 10-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_11" title="Rule of 11">Rule of 11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rusinow_leads" title="Rusinow leads">Rusinow leads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signal_(bridge)" title="Signal (bridge)">Signal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith_signal" title="Smith signal">Smith signal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="People_and_organizations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">People and organizations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent; text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ACBL_Youngest_Life_Master" title="ACBL Youngest Life Master">ACBL Youngest Life Master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_contract_bridge_people" title="List of contract bridge people">List of contract bridge people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sportspeople_who_competed_for_more_than_one_country#Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sportspeople who competed for more than one country">List of nationality transfers in sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_Headquarters" title="Bridge Headquarters">Bridge Headquarters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Players by country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Australian_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Australian contract bridge players">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Austrian_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Austrian contract bridge players">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Brazilian_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Brazilian contract bridge players">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:British contract bridge players">Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bulgarian_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Bulgarian contract bridge players">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Canadian_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Canadian contract bridge players">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chinese_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Chinese contract bridge players">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Danish_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Danish contract bridge players">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dutch_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Dutch contract bridge players">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Egyptian_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Egyptian contract bridge players">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:English_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:English contract bridge players">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fictional_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Fictional contract bridge players">Fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:French_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:French contract bridge players">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:German_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:German contract bridge players">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hungarian_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Hungarian contract bridge players">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Indian contract bridge players">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Irish_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Irish contract bridge players">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Israeli_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Israeli contract bridge players">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Italian_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Italian contract bridge players">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mexican_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Mexican contract bridge players">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Monegasque_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Monegasque contract bridge players">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:New_Zealand_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:New Zealand contract bridge players">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Norwegian_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Norwegian contract bridge players">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pakistani_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Pakistani contract bridge players">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Polish_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Polish contract bridge players">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Russian_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Russian contract bridge players">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Swedish_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Swedish contract bridge players">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Swiss_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Swiss contract bridge players">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Taiwanese_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Taiwanese contract bridge players">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:American contract bridge players">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_contract_bridge_people#People_with_Wikipedia_articles" title="List of contract bridge people">List of bridge people with Wikipedia (English) articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Contract_bridge_administrators" title="Category:Contract bridge administrators">List of bridge administrators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Contract_bridge_writers" title="Category:Contract bridge writers">List of bridge writers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Teams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Team_(bridge)" title="Blue Team (bridge)">Blue Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dallas_Aces" title="Dallas Aces">Dallas Aces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Aces_(bridge)" title="Four Aces (bridge)">Four Aces</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Clubs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_Base_Online" title="Bridge Base Online">Bridge Base Online</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavendish_Club" title="Cavendish Club">Cavendish Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crockford%27s_(club)" title="Crockford's (club)">Crockford's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galatasaray_Bridge_Team" title="Galatasaray Bridge Team">Galatasaray Bridge Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melville_Bridge_Club" title="Melville Bridge Club">Melville Bridge Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portland_Club_(London)" title="Portland Club (London)">Portland Club (London)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoy_Club" title="Savoy Club">Savoy Club</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governing bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Bridge_Association" title="American Bridge Association">American Bridge Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Contract_Bridge_League" title="American Contract Bridge League">American Contract Bridge League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Bridge_Federation" title="Austrian Bridge Federation">Austrian Bridge Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Bridge_Federation" title="Brazilian Bridge Federation">Brazilian Bridge Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_Federation_of_India" title="Bridge Federation of India">Bridge Federation of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Bridge_League" title="British Bridge League">British Bridge League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Bridge_Federation" title="Canadian Bridge Federation">Canadian Bridge Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Bridge_Federation" title="Dutch Bridge Federation">Dutch Bridge Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Bridge_Union" title="English Bridge Union">English Bridge Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Bridge_League" title="European Bridge League">European Bridge League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Bridge_Federation" title="Hungarian Bridge Federation">Hungarian Bridge Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Mind_Sports_Association" title="International Mind Sports Association">International Mind Sports Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_contract_bridge_governing_bodies" title="List of contract bridge governing bodies">List of contract bridge governing bodies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Bridge_Federation" title="Norwegian Bridge Federation">Norwegian Bridge Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Bridge_Federation" title="South African Bridge Federation">South African Bridge Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bridge_Federation" title="United States Bridge Federation">United States Bridge Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Bridge_Federation" title="World Bridge Federation">World Bridge Federation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Championships" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Championships</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent; text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bridge_competitions_and_awards" title="List of bridge competitions and awards">List of bridge competitions and awards</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">World</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Bowl" title="Bermuda Bowl">Bermuda Bowl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_at_the_2008_World_Mind_Sports_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="Bridge at the 2008 World Mind Sports Games">Bridge at the 2008 World Mind Sports Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_at_the_2012_World_Mind_Sports_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="Bridge at the 2012 World Mind Sports Games">Bridge at the 2012 World Mind Sports Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavendish_Invitational" title="Cavendish Invitational">Cavendish Invitational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_Olympiad#Bridge" title="Computer Olympiad">Computer Olympiad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McConnell_Cup" title="McConnell Cup">McConnell Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosenblum_Cup" title="Rosenblum Cup">Rosenblum Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senior_Bowl_(bridge)" title="Senior Bowl (bridge)">Senior Bowl (bridge)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_crown_of_bridge" title="Triple crown of bridge">Triple crown of bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venice_Cup" title="Venice Cup">Venice Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WBF_Youth_Award" title="WBF Youth Award">WBF Youth Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Bridge_Championships" title="World Bridge Championships">World Bridge Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_IMP_Pairs_Championship" title="World IMP Pairs Championship">World IMP Pairs Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Junior_Pairs_Championship" title="World Junior Pairs Championship">World Junior Pairs Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Junior_Teams_Championship" title="World Junior Teams Championship">World Junior Teams Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Mind_Sports_Games" title="World Mind Sports Games">World Mind Sports Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Mixed_Pairs_Championship" title="World Mixed Pairs Championship">World Mixed Pairs Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Mixed_Teams_Championship" title="World Mixed Teams Championship">World Mixed Teams Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Open_Pairs_Championship" title="World Open Pairs Championship">World Open Pairs Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Senior_Pairs_Championship" title="World Senior Pairs Championship">World Senior Pairs Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Senior_Teams_Championship" title="World Senior Teams Championship">World Senior Teams Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Team_Olympiad" title="World Team Olympiad">World Team Olympiad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Transnational_Open_Teams_Championship" title="World Transnational Open Teams Championship">World Transnational Open Teams Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Women_Pairs_Championship" title="World Women Pairs Championship">World Women Pairs Championship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National and Zonal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buffett_Cup" title="Buffett Cup">Buffett Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camrose_Trophy" title="Camrose Trophy">Camrose Trophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Nations_Bridge_Championships" title="Commonwealth Nations Bridge Championships">Commonwealth Nations Bridge Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Universities_Bridge_Championships" title="European Universities Bridge Championships">European Universities Bridge Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Cup_(bridge)" title="Gold Cup (bridge)">Gold Cup (bridge)</a></li> <li><b><span class="tmp-color" style="color:blue"><span class="smallcaps">North American bridge Championships:</span></span></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACBL_King_or_Queen_of_Bridge" title="ACBL King or Queen of Bridge">ACBL King or Queen of Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Kaplan_Blue_Ribbon_Pairs" title="Edgar Kaplan Blue Ribbon Pairs">Edgar Kaplan Blue Ribbon Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_LM%E2%80%935000_Pairs" title="Bruce LM–5000 Pairs">Bruce LM–5000 Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Mixed_Board-a-Match" title="Chicago Mixed Board-a-Match">Chicago Mixed Board-a-Match</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_National_Open_Pairs" title="Fall National Open Pairs">Fall National Open Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_Open_Pairs" title="Fast Open Pairs">Fast Open Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishbein_Trophy" title="Fishbein Trophy">Fishbein Trophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goren_Trophy" title="Goren Trophy">Goren Trophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_National_Teams" title="Grand National Teams">Grand National Teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilliard_Mixed_Pairs" title="Hilliard Mixed Pairs">Hilliard Mixed Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacoby_Open_Swiss_Teams" title="Jacoby Open Swiss Teams">Jacoby Open Swiss Teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keohane_North_American_Swiss_Teams" title="Keohane North American Swiss Teams">Keohane North American Swiss Teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebhar_IMP_Pairs" title="Lebhar IMP Pairs">Lebhar IMP Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leventritt_Silver_Ribbon_Pairs" title="Leventritt Silver Ribbon Pairs">Leventritt Silver Ribbon Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machlin_Women%27s_Swiss_Teams" title="Machlin Women's Swiss Teams">Machlin Women's Swiss Teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manfield_Non-Life_Master_Pairs" title="Manfield Non-Life Master Pairs">Manfield Non-Life Master Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Cup" title="Marcus Cup">Marcus Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_Individual" title="Master Individual">Master Individual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mini-Blue_Ribbon_Pairs" title="Mini-Blue Ribbon Pairs">Mini-Blue Ribbon Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mini-Spingold" title="Mini-Spingold">Mini-Spingold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitchell_Board-a-Match_Teams" title="Mitchell Board-a-Match Teams">Mitchell Board-a-Match Teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mott-Smith_Trophy" title="Mott-Smith Trophy">Mott-Smith Trophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nail_Life_Master_Open_Pairs" title="Nail Life Master Open Pairs">Nail Life Master Open Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_199er_Pairs" title="National 199er Pairs">National 199er Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_49er_Pairs" title="National 49er Pairs">National 49er Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_99er_Pairs" title="National 99er Pairs">National 99er Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Life_Master_Swiss_Teams" title="Non-Life Master Swiss Teams">Non-Life Master Swiss Teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Kay_Platinum_Pairs" title="Norman Kay Platinum Pairs">Norman Kay Platinum Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Bridge_Championships" title="North American Bridge Championships">North American Bridge Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Pairs" title="North American Pairs">North American Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Ribbon_Pairs" title="Red Ribbon Pairs">Red Ribbon Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reisinger" title="Reisinger">Reisinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockwell_Mixed_Pairs" title="Rockwell Mixed Pairs">Rockwell Mixed Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roth_Open_Swiss_Teams" title="Roth Open Swiss Teams">Roth Open Swiss Teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senior_Knockout_Teams" title="Senior Knockout Teams">Senior Knockout Teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silodor_Open_Pairs" title="Silodor Open Pairs">Silodor Open Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith_Life_Master_Women%27s_Pairs" title="Smith Life Master Women's Pairs">Smith Life Master Women's Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spingold" title="Spingold">Spingold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sternberg_Women%27s_Board-a-Match_Teams" title="Sternberg Women's Board-a-Match Teams">Sternberg Women's Board-a-Match Teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truscott_Senior_Swiss_Teams" title="Truscott Senior Swiss Teams">Truscott Senior Swiss Teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bridge_Championships_-_Open" title="United States Bridge Championships - Open">United States Bridge Championships - Open</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanderbilt_Trophy" title="Vanderbilt Trophy">Vanderbilt Trophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Von_Zedtwitz_Life_Master_Pairs" title="Von Zedtwitz Life Master Pairs">Von Zedtwitz Life Master Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagar_Women%27s_Knockout_Teams" title="Wagar Women's Knockout Teams">Wagar Women's Knockout Teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wernher_Open_Pairs" title="Wernher Open Pairs">Wernher Open Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitehead_Women%27s_Pairs" title="Whitehead Women's Pairs">Whitehead Women's Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_LM%E2%80%931500_Pairs" title="Young LM–1500 Pairs">Young LM–1500 Pairs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Publications_and_resources" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Publications and resources</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent; text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_contract_bridge_books" title="List of contract bridge books">List of contract bridge books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_Point_Press" title="Master Point Press">Master Point Press</a></li> <li><b><span class="tmp-color" style="color:blue"><span class="smallcaps">Bibliographies:</span></span></b> <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Kantar_bibliography" title="Edwin Kantar bibliography">Edwin Kantar bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Kelsey#Publications" title="Hugh Kelsey">Hugh Kelsey bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terence_Reese_bibliography" title="Terence Reese bibliography">Terence Reese bibliography</a></li> <li><b><span class="tmp-color" style="color:blue"><span class="smallcaps">Books:</span></span></b> <i><a href="/wiki/25_Bridge_Conventions_You_Should_Know" title="25 Bridge Conventions You Should Know">25 Bridge Conventions You Should Know</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bridge_Squeezes_Complete" title="Bridge Squeezes Complete">Bridge Squeezes Complete</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cardturner" title="The Cardturner">The Cardturner</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Contract_Bridge_for_Beginners" title="Contract Bridge for Beginners">Contract Bridge for Beginners</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Design_for_Bidding" title="Design for Bidding">Design for Bidding</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Official_Encyclopedia_of_Bridge" title="The Official Encyclopedia of Bridge">The Official Encyclopedia of Bridge</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Planning_the_Play_of_a_Bridge_Hand" title="Planning the Play of a Bridge Hand">Planning the Play of a Bridge Hand</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Right_Through_the_Pack" title="Right Through the Pack">Right Through the Pack</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tickets_to_the_Devil" title="Tickets to the Devil">Tickets to the Devil</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Magazines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_contract_bridge_magazines" title="List of contract bridge magazines">List of contract bridge magazines</a></li> <li><b><span class="tmp-color" style="color:blue"><span class="smallcaps">Magazines:</span></span></b> <i><a href="/wiki/Bridge_d%27Italia" title="Bridge d'Italia">Bridge d'Italia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bridge_Magazine" title="Bridge Magazine">Bridge Magazine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bridge_World" title="The Bridge World">The Bridge World</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">TV and Radio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Slam_(BBC_TV)" title="Grand Slam (BBC TV)">Grand Slam (BBC TV)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">External links</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_Base_Basic" title="Bridge Base Basic">Bridge Base Basic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading1"><h1 id="Culbertson_honor-tricks">Culbertson honor-tricks</h1></div> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Culbertson Honor-trick table (1930) </th></tr> <tr> <th>Number of <br />Honor-tricks</th> <th>Honor combinations </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>2</td> <td align="left">A K in the same suit </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>1½</td> <td align="left">A Q in the same suit<br />A J 10 in the same suit<br />K Q 10 in the same suit </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>1</td> <td align="left">Any ace<br />K Q in the same suit<br />K J x in the same suit<br />K x in one suit and Q x in another suit </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>½</td> <td align="left">K x<br />Q J x<br />Q x and J x in different suits </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Plus values</td> <td align="left">In addition to the above-noted "plus" values are the following:<br />   Any K alone<br />   Q x<br />   J 10 x </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Culbertson Honor-trick table (undated) </th></tr> <tr> <th>Number of <br />Honor-tricks</th> <th>Honor combinations </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>2+</td> <td align="left">A K Q or A K J in the same suit </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>2</td> <td align="left">A K in the same suit </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>1½</td> <td align="left">A Q in the same suit<br />K Q J in the same suit<br />A Q J in the same suit is counted as 1½+ honor-trick </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>1</td> <td align="left">Any ace<br />K Q in the same suit<br />K J 10 in the same suit<br />K x in one suit and Q x in another suit<br />A J x in the same suit is counted as 1+ honor-trick </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>½</td> <td align="left">K x, K J alone or K 10 alone in one suit<br />Q J x or Q J 10 in one suit<br />Q x and Q x in different suits<br />K J x in the same suit is counted as ½+ honor-trick </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Plus values</td> <td align="left">In addition to the above-noted "plus" values are the following:<br />   Any K alone<br />   Q x<br />   J 10 x<br />   J x and J x in different suits<br />Two plus values are counted as ½ hnor trick. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading1"><h1 id="BBO_Test">BBO Test</h1></div> <p><iframe " src="<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.bridgebase.com/tools/handviewer.html?d=e&v=ew&w&wn=Larry&nn=Hamman&en=Jeff&sn=Zia&w=sq7654hj2d5ckqt85&n=sat32hak76da9c632&e=hq85djt876432c94&a=p1n(15-17)2c(clubs+another)x3dp3sx4dxppp">http://www.bridgebase.com/tools/handviewer.html?d=e&v=ew&w&wn=Larry&nn=Hamman&en=Jeff&sn=Zia&w=sq7654hj2d5ckqt85&n=sat32hak76da9c632&e=hq85djt876432c94&a=p1n(15-17)2c(clubs+another)x3dp3sx4dxppp</a>"></iframe></p> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Newwhist/sandbox/Project_WPCB/Bidding_and_play" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Special:Search/Newwhist/sandbox/Project WPCB/Bidding and play">Newwhist/sandbox/Project WPCB/Bidding and play</a></b></div></div></div> </div> <p><iframe src="<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.bridgebase.com/tools/handviewer.html?s=sakqhakqdakqcakqj&d=w&a=3hpp">http://www.bridgebase.com/tools/handviewer.html?s=sakqhakqdakqcakqj&d=w&a=3hpp</a>" height="350px" width="200px"/> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading1"><h1 id="Scoring_tables">Scoring tables</h1></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Total Points for the Declaring Side When:<br />U = Undoubled, X = Doubled, XX = Redoubled </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Contract</th> <th rowspan="2">Made</th> <th colspan="3">Not Vulnerable</th> <th colspan="3">Vulnerable </th></tr> <tr> <th>U</th> <th>X</th> <th>XX</th> <th>U</th> <th>X</th> <th>XX </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td rowspan="7" valign="top">1<span style="color:black" class="clubs" title="clubs">♣</span>/1<span style="color:red" class="diamonds" title="diamonds">♦</span></td> <td>1</td> <td>70</td> <td>140</td> <td>230</td> <td>70</td> <td>140</td> <td>230 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>2</td> <td>90</td> <td>240</td> <td>430</td> <td>90</td> <td>340</td> <td>630 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>3</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>4</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>5</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>6</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>7</td> <td>190</td> <td>740</td> <td>1430</td> <td>190</td> <td>1340</td> <td>2630 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td rowspan="7" valign="top">1<span style="color: red" class="hearts" title="hearts">♥</span>/1<span style="color:black" class="spades" title="spades">♠</span></td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>2</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>3</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>4</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>5</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>6</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>7</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td rowspan="7" valign="top">1NT</td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>2</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>3</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>4</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>5</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>6</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>7</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td rowspan="6" valign="top">2<span style="color:black" class="clubs" title="clubs">♣</span>/1<span style="color:red" class="diamonds" title="diamonds">♦</span></td> <td>2</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>3</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>4</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>5</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>6</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>7</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td rowspan="6" valign="top">2<span style="color: red" class="hearts" title="hearts">♥</span>/2<span style="color:black" class="spades" title="spades">♠</span></td> <td>2</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>3</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>4</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>5</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>6</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>7</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td rowspan="6" valign="top">2NT</td> <td>2</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>3</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>4</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>5</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>6</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>7</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading1"><h1 id="Capitalization">Capitalization</h1></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Contract_bridge/Manual_of_Style#Vocabulary_and_spelling" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Contract bridge/Manual of Style">WikiProject Contract bridge Manual of Style</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading1"><h1 id="GSG">GSG</h1></div> <p>The <b>Grand Slam Force</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Slam-seeking_conventions" title="Slam-seeking conventions">bidding convention</a> in <a href="/wiki/Contract_bridge" title="Contract bridge">contract bridge</a> that was developed by <a href="/wiki/Ely_Culbertson" title="Ely Culbertson">Ely Culbertson</a> in 1936.<sup id="cite_ref-OEB7289_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OEB7289-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is intended to be used in cases where a small slam (winning at least 12 tricks) is judged likely even if partner has no honours in the trump suit and a grand slam (winning all 13 tricks) is possible if partner has some top honour support.<sup id="cite_ref-Kearse_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kearse-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. It enables a player to enquire about the quality of the top trumps (i.e., the ace, king and queen) held by his partner. </p><p>In its simplest form, the Grand Slam Force (GSF), is a jump to five notrump (5NT) after a trump suit has been established and would generally be used when the 5NT bidder holds one of the three top honours in the trump suit<sup id="cite_ref-Kearse_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kearse-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. The 5NT bid is an artificial bid and asks partner to bid a grand slam if he has two of the top three trump honours and a small slam if he does not. </p><p>There are several variation of the conventional responses depending upon the established trump suit, the specific honours held by the responding partner and whether the asker has a self-sufficient alternative suit of his own. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3></div> <p>The development of the Grand Slam Force by Ely Culbertson in 1936 was first published in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Bridge_World" title="The Bridge World">The Bridge World</a></i> magazine under the byline of his wife <a href="/wiki/Josephine_Culbertson" title="Josephine Culbertson">Josephine Culbertson</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-OEB7289_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OEB7289-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> accordingly, the convention may be referred to as Josephine in Europe<sup id="cite_ref-OEB7289_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OEB7289-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Context">Context</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_variants_or_Extensions">Modern variants or Extensions</h3></div> <p>Blackwood had not evolved into what has become the standard: Roman Keycard Blackwood (often called RKCB). Using KCB, there are 5 keycards -- the four aces and the king of trumps. The responses to 4NT are: 5C = 1 or 4 keycards; 5D = 0 or 3 keycards; 5H = 2 keycards without the Queen of trumps; 5S = 2 keycards with the Queen of trumps. As you can see, there is no need to bid 5NT to ask for the A, K, and Q of trumps. These days, the only time the Grand Slam Force is used is when partner opens the bidding or when the opener and responder have voids. In fact, 5NT is now used almost exclusively as "5NT Pick-A-Slam." </p><p>When this convention is in force, a bid of 5NT (five notrump), when it does not conflict with other conventions used by that partnership (e.g., a 5NT <a href="/wiki/Blackwood_convention" title="Blackwood convention">Blackwood</a> bid), is forcing to slam in the suit last bid, unless the trump suit has already been agreed on earlier in the auction. The partner of the 5NT bidder bids as follows: </p> <ul><li>6 of the agreed trump suit if holding one of the top three trump honors (e.g., the ace)</li> <li>7 of the agreed trump suit if holding two of the top three trump honors (e.g., the king and queen)</li></ul> <p>Actually, the previous sentence is the way the convention used to be used -- but these days, respond 7C with 2 of the top 3. Maybe partner has his own trump suit which is better than opener's, but responder has potential losers in opener's suit. </p><p>For example, if a partnership is using the Grand Slam Force and one member bids 1<span style="color: red" class="hearts" title="hearts">♥</span> and his partner bids 5NT, it is implied that hearts are the desired trump suit. The original bidder will sign off in 6<span style="color: red" class="hearts" title="hearts">♥</span> with one of the top three heart honors and 7<span style="color: red" class="hearts" title="hearts">♥</span> with two of the top three heart honors. </p><p>As with all bidding systems, the Grand Slam Force has its limitations, not the least of which is that the chances of employing it directly over an opening one-bid are extremely rare and 5NT must be understood to be the GSF in other situations. Numerous variations of the convention have been developed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading1"><h1 id="Lebensohl">Lebensohl</h1></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <p>While its originator is unknown, Lebensohl first appeared in late 1960's along with initial variations on its spelling. </p> <dl><dt>Origins</dt></dl> <p>In October 1965, <a href="/wiki/List_of_bridge_magazines#tbjmagazine" class="mw-redirect" title="List of bridge magazines">The Bridge Journal</a> magazine reviewed an auction where partner’s 1NT opening was overcalled with 2<span style="color:black" class="spades" title="spades">♠</span> by right-hand-opponent (RHO). The article highlighted weakness in the ability of the bidding to determine if the opening side had a spade stopper in pursuit of a game bid in 3NT; no satisfactory approach was identified and the authors concluded that: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>...this fairly common problem deserves more study by the active theorists.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Dionis,Tony; Lewis, Harlow (October 1965). "Problem Forum". <a href="/wiki/List_of_contract_bridge_magazines#tbjmagazine" title="List of contract bridge magazines"><i>The Bridge Journal</i>.</a> <b>2</b> (10): 34-35</cite></div></blockquote><p> The first know publication of details of the convention is a 1970 article in <a href="/wiki/The_Bridge_World" title="The Bridge World">The Bridge World</a> magazine by George Boehm which included anecdotal commentary on what was thought to be its origins. Boehom wrote that "About a year ago, in preparation for a Swiss Team event"... he and his partner son, Augie, refined their convention card to include the entry...<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Lebensohl when you overcall our notrump opening.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Bohem, George (November 1970). "lebensohl". <i>The Bridge World</i> <b>42</b> (2):14-17.</cite></div></blockquote> <p>Later, a 1987 book on the convention stated: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>According to international authority <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Kaplan" title="Edgar Kaplan">Edgar Kaplan</a>, the true history of Lebensohl has been lost forever. Sometime in the late 60’s, it began to appear on convention cards …</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Ron Andersen, <i>The Lebensohl Convention Complete in Contract Bridge</i> (1987) p. 7</cite></div></blockquote> <dl><dt>Spelling</dt></dl> <p>The convention was first published with a lower case spelling. </p><p>The November 1970 article by George Boehm is recognized as the first published on Lebensohl. In it, Boehme recounts that in preparation for a competition in New York in late 1969, his convention card had the entry "Lebensohl when you overcall our notrump opening..."<sup id="cite_ref-BWLeb_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BWLeb-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>...thought to be the brainchild of Kenneth Lebensold (whose name had been misspelled). However, Lebensold emphatically denied any part of the convention's development. For lack of a better name, George Boehm appropriated the misspelling and introduced "lebensohl" in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Bridge_World" title="The Bridge World">The Bridge World</a></i>, (November, 1970).</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Ron Andersen, <i>The Lebensohl Convention Complete in Contract Bridge</i> (1987) p. 7</cite></div></blockquote> <p>The November 1970 Bridge World article by Boehm was the first published on Lebensohl[6] but he does not attribute the convention to Ken Lebensold in it. However, Boehm does recount that in preparation for a competition in New York in late 1969, his convention card had the entry "Lebensohl when you overcall our notrump opening". Ken Lebensold was also a competitor at the event and upon reviewing Boehm's convention card, "disowned the convention". Boehm goes on to state that therefore he and his playing partner (son, Augie) "have decided to designate it "lebensohl" and to continue to use it without fee or license".[6] </p><p>Notwithstanding Boehm naming and spelling it uncapitalized, most bridge literature refers to the convention as Lebensohl with occasional post-1970 use of Lebensold going uncorrected. </p><p>Entries in various editions of The Official Encyclopedia of Bridge were updated as better understandings as to the origin of the convention emerged. The Official Encyclopedia of Bridge (OEB) first listed and described LEBENSOHL in its third edition published in 1976, with no entries in the first (1964) and second (1971) editions. </p><p>This third edition, attributed its design to George Boehm;[3] the fourth OEB edition, under the entry LEBENSOLD, states that George Boehm first described the convention and that Boehm had wrongly attributed it to Ken Lebensold;[4] the fifth and sixth editions state likewise but under LEBENSOHL. In the seventh edition and for the first time, the OEB notes </p><p>"Uniquely amongst bridge conventions, it should arguably be spelled with a lowercase first letter – lebensohl."[5] and it was thought to be the brainchild of Kenneth Lebensold (whose name had been misspelled). However, Lebensold emphatically denied any part of the convention's development. For lack of a better name, George Boehm appropriated the misspelling and introduced "lebensohl" in The Bridge World, (November, 1970). </p> <dl><dt>References select</dt></dl> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKearse1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Amalya_Lyle_Kearse" class="mw-redirect" title="Amalya Lyle Kearse">Kearse, Amalya</a> (1990). <i>Bridge Convention Complete</i> (Revised and Expanded ed.). Louisville, KY: Devyn Press, Inc. pp. 484–486. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-910791-76-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-910791-76-7"><bdi>0-910791-76-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bridge+Convention+Complete&rft.place=Louisville%2C+KY&rft.pages=484-486&rft.edition=Revised+and+Expanded&rft.pub=Devyn+Press%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-910791-76-7&rft.aulast=Kearse&rft.aufirst=Amalya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUser%3ANewwhist%2Fsandbox%2FProject+WPCB%2FBidding+and+play" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndersen1987" class="citation book cs1">Andersen, Ron (1987). <i>The <a href="/wiki/Lebensohl" title="Lebensohl">Lebensohl</a> Convention Complete in Contract Bridge</i>. Louisville, KY: Devyn Press, Inc. p. 103. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-910791-82-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-910791-82-1"><bdi>0-910791-82-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lebensohl+Convention+Complete+in+Contract+Bridge&rft.place=Louisville%2C+KY&rft.pages=103&rft.pub=Devyn+Press%2C+Inc&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-910791-82-1&rft.aulast=Andersen&rft.aufirst=Ron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUser%3ANewwhist%2Fsandbox%2FProject+WPCB%2FBidding+and+play" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLindkvist2001" class="citation book cs1">Lindkvist, Magnus (2001). <i>Bridge: Classic and Modern Conventions</i>. Bucharest, Romania. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/91-631-1099-7" title="Special:BookSources/91-631-1099-7"><bdi>91-631-1099-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bridge%3A+Classic+and+Modern+Conventions&rft.place=Bucharest%2C+Romania&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=91-631-1099-7&rft.aulast=Lindkvist&rft.aufirst=Magnus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUser%3ANewwhist%2Fsandbox%2FProject+WPCB%2FBidding+and+play" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li></ul> <dl><dt>References all</dt></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_Satnick1984" class="citation book cs1">De Satnick, Shelly (1984). <i>Everyone's Introduction to Bridge Conventions</i>. New York: Avon. p. 137. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-380-89318-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-380-89318-8"><bdi>978-0-380-89318-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Everyone%27s+Introduction+to+Bridge+Conventions&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=137&rft.pub=Avon&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-380-89318-8&rft.aulast=De+Satnick&rft.aufirst=Shelly&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUser%3ANewwhist%2Fsandbox%2FProject+WPCB%2FBidding+and+play" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGranovetterGranovetter2003" class="citation book cs1">Granovetter, Matthew; Granovetter, Pamela (2003). <i>Bridge Conventions in Depth</i>. Toronto: Master Point Press. p. 290. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-894154-56-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-894154-56-8"><bdi>1-894154-56-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bridge+Conventions+in+Depth&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pages=290&rft.pub=Master+Point+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1-894154-56-8&rft.aulast=Granovetter&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.au=Granovetter%2C+Pamela&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUser%3ANewwhist%2Fsandbox%2FProject+WPCB%2FBidding+and+play" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrant2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Audrey_Grant" title="Audrey Grant">Grant, Audrey</a> (2000). <i>Commonly Used Conventions</i>. Memphis, TN: American Contract Bridge League. p. 359. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-943855-14-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-943855-14-1"><bdi>978-0-943855-14-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Commonly+Used+Conventions&rft.place=Memphis%2C+TN&rft.pages=359&rft.pub=American+Contract+Bridge+League&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-943855-14-1&rft.aulast=Grant&rft.aufirst=Audrey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUser%3ANewwhist%2Fsandbox%2FProject+WPCB%2FBidding+and+play" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrant2001" class="citation book cs1">Grant, Audrey (2001). <i>More Commonly Used Conventions</i>. Memphis, TN: American Contract Bridge League. p. 395. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-943855-15-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-943855-15-8"><bdi>978-0-943855-15-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=More+Commonly+Used+Conventions&rft.place=Memphis%2C+TN&rft.pages=395&rft.pub=American+Contract+Bridge+League&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-943855-15-8&rft.aulast=Grant&rft.aufirst=Audrey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUser%3ANewwhist%2Fsandbox%2FProject+WPCB%2FBidding+and+play" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorton2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Horton_(bridge)" title="Mark Horton (bridge)">Horton, Mark</a> (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/simpleconvention0000hort/page/96"><i>Simple Conventions</i></a>. How to Play Bridge Series. NTC Publishing Group. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/simpleconvention0000hort/page/96">96</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8442-2223-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8442-2223-3"><bdi>978-0-8442-2223-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Simple+Conventions&rft.series=How+to+Play+Bridge+Series&rft.pages=96&rft.pub=NTC+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-8442-2223-3&rft.aulast=Horton&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsimpleconvention0000hort%2Fpage%2F96&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUser%3ANewwhist%2Fsandbox%2FProject+WPCB%2FBidding+and+play" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlinger1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ron_Klinger" title="Ron Klinger">Klinger, Ron</a> (1993). <i>Bridge Conventions, Defenses and Countermeasures</i>. London: Victor Gallancz in association with Peter Crawley. p. 143. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-575-05564-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-575-05564-2"><bdi>0-575-05564-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bridge+Conventions%2C+Defenses+and+Countermeasures&rft.place=London&rft.pages=143&rft.pub=Victor+Gallancz+in+association+with+Peter+Crawley&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-575-05564-2&rft.aulast=Klinger&rft.aufirst=Ron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUser%3ANewwhist%2Fsandbox%2FProject+WPCB%2FBidding+and+play" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlingerKambites2001" class="citation book cs1">Klinger, Ron; Kambites, Andrew (2001). <i>Bridge Conventions For You</i> (Revised & enlarged ed.). London: Cassell, in association with Peter Crawley. p. 144. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-304-35795-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-304-35795-6"><bdi>978-0-304-35795-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bridge+Conventions+For+You&rft.place=London&rft.pages=144&rft.edition=Revised+%26+enlarged&rft.pub=Cassell%2C+in+association+with+Peter+Crawley&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-304-35795-6&rft.aulast=Klinger&rft.aufirst=Ron&rft.au=Kambites%2C+Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUser%3ANewwhist%2Fsandbox%2FProject+WPCB%2FBidding+and+play" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLandyHortonSeagram2006" class="citation book cs1">Landy, Sandra; <a href="/wiki/Mark_Horton_(bridge)" title="Mark Horton (bridge)">Horton, Mark</a>; <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Seagram" title="Barbara Seagram">Seagram, Barbara</a> (2006). <i>25 Bridge Conventions for ACOL Players</i>. Toronto: Master Point Press. p. 208. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-897106-14-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-897106-14-3"><bdi>978-1-897106-14-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=25+Bridge+Conventions+for+ACOL+Players&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pages=208&rft.pub=Master+Point+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-897106-14-3&rft.aulast=Landy&rft.aufirst=Sandra&rft.au=Horton%2C+Mark&rft.au=Seagram%2C+Barbara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUser%3ANewwhist%2Fsandbox%2FProject+WPCB%2FBidding+and+play" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLederer1982" class="citation book cs1">Lederer, Rhoda (1982). <i>Bridge Conventions Made Clear</i> (3rd ed.). Hounslow, England: Bibliagora. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-906031-37-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-906031-37-7"><bdi>978-0-906031-37-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bridge+Conventions+Made+Clear&rft.place=Hounslow%2C+England&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Bibliagora&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0-906031-37-7&rft.aulast=Lederer&rft.aufirst=Rhoda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUser%3ANewwhist%2Fsandbox%2FProject+WPCB%2FBidding+and+play" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRootPavlicek1981" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Root_(bridge)" title="Bill Root (bridge)">Root, William</a>; <a href="/wiki/Richard_Pavlicek" title="Richard Pavlicek">Pavlicek, Richard</a> (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/modernbridgeconv00root"><i>Modern Bridge Conventions</i></a>. New York: Crown Trade Paperbacks. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-517-58727-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-517-58727-0"><bdi>0-517-58727-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+Bridge+Conventions&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Crown+Trade+Paperbacks&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=0-517-58727-0&rft.aulast=Root&rft.aufirst=William&rft.au=Pavlicek%2C+Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmodernbridgeconv00root&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUser%3ANewwhist%2Fsandbox%2FProject+WPCB%2FBidding+and+play" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeagramSmith1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Seagram" title="Barbara Seagram">Seagram, Barbara</a>; <a href="/wiki/Marc_Smith_(bridge)" title="Marc Smith (bridge)">Smith, Marc</a> (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781894154079/page/190"><i>25 Bridge Conventions You Should Know</i></a>. Toronto: Master Point Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781894154079/page/190">190</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-894154-07-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-894154-07-X"><bdi>1-894154-07-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=25+Bridge+Conventions+You+Should+Know&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pages=190&rft.pub=Master+Point+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=1-894154-07-X&rft.aulast=Seagram&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft.au=Smith%2C+Marc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9781894154079%2Fpage%2F190&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUser%3ANewwhist%2Fsandbox%2FProject+WPCB%2FBidding+and+play" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeagramBird2003" class="citation book cs1">Seagram, Barbara; <a href="/wiki/David_Bird_(bridge_writer)" class="mw-redirect" title="David Bird (bridge writer)">Bird, David</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781894154659/page/210"><i>25 More Bridge Conventions You Should Know</i></a>. Toronto: Master Point Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781894154659/page/210">210</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-894154-65-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-894154-65-7"><bdi>1-894154-65-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=25+More+Bridge+Conventions+You+Should+Know&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pages=210&rft.pub=Master+Point+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1-894154-65-7&rft.aulast=Seagram&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft.au=Bird%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9781894154659%2Fpage%2F210&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUser%3ANewwhist%2Fsandbox%2FProject+WPCB%2FBidding+and+play" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSenior2001" class="citation book cs1">Senior, Brian (2001). <i>Bridge Conventions Today</i>. Better Bridge Now. London: Chess & Bridge Limited. p. 127. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9530218-1-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-9530218-1-5"><bdi>0-9530218-1-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bridge+Conventions+Today&rft.place=London&rft.series=Better+Bridge+Now&rft.pages=127&rft.pub=Chess+%26+Bridge+Limited&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-9530218-1-5&rft.aulast=Senior&rft.aufirst=Brian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUser%3ANewwhist%2Fsandbox%2FProject+WPCB%2FBidding+and+play" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading1"><h1 id="References">References</h1></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreyTruscott1964" class="citation book cs1">Frey, Richard L.; <a href="/wiki/Alan_Truscott" title="Alan Truscott">Truscott, Alan F.</a>, eds. (1964). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Official_Encyclopedia_of_Bridge" title="The Official Encyclopedia of Bridge">The Official Encyclopedia of Bridge</a></i> (1st ed.). New York: Crown Publishers. p. Forword. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/64023817">64023817</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Official+Encyclopedia+of+Bridge&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=Forword&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Crown+Publishers&rft.date=1964&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F64023817&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUser%3ANewwhist%2Fsandbox%2FProject+WPCB%2FBidding+and+play" class="Z3988"></span>,</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreyTruscott1964" class="citation book cs1">Frey, Richard L.; <a href="/wiki/Alan_Truscott" title="Alan Truscott">Truscott, Alan F.</a>, eds. (1964). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Official_Encyclopedia_of_Bridge" title="The Official Encyclopedia of Bridge">The Official Encyclopedia of Bridge</a></i> (1st ed.). New York: Crown Publishers. p. 536. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/64023817">64023817</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Official+Encyclopedia+of+Bridge&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=536&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Crown+Publishers&rft.date=1964&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F64023817&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUser%3ANewwhist%2Fsandbox%2FProject+WPCB%2FBidding+and+play" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreyTruscottSmith1971" class="citation book cs1">Frey, Richard L.; <a href="/wiki/Alan_Truscott" title="Alan Truscott">Truscott, Alan F.</a>; Smith, Thomas M., eds. (1971). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Official_Encyclopedia_of_Bridge" title="The Official Encyclopedia of Bridge">The Official Encyclopedia of Bridge</a></i> (2nd ed.). New York: Crown Publishers. p. 422. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/73108084">73108084</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/250404789">250404789</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Official+Encyclopedia+of+Bridge&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=422&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Crown+Publishers&rft.date=1971&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F250404789&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F73108084&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUser%3ANewwhist%2Fsandbox%2FProject+WPCB%2FBidding+and+play" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreyTruscottKearse1976" class="citation book cs1">Frey, Richard L.; <a href="/wiki/Alan_Truscott" title="Alan Truscott">Truscott, Alan F.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Amalya_Lyle_Kearse" class="mw-redirect" title="Amalya Lyle Kearse">Kearse, Amalya L.</a>, eds. (1976). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Official_Encyclopedia_of_Bridge" title="The Official Encyclopedia of Bridge">The Official Encyclopedia of Bridge</a></i> (3rd ed.). New York: Crown Publishers. p. 439. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-517-52724-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-517-52724-3"><bdi>0-517-52724-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/76017053">76017053</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Official+Encyclopedia+of+Bridge&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=439&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Crown+Publishers&rft.date=1976&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F76017053&rft.isbn=0-517-52724-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUser%3ANewwhist%2Fsandbox%2FProject+WPCB%2FBidding+and+play" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrancisTruscottFreyHayward1984" class="citation book cs1">Francis, Henry G.; <a href="/wiki/Alan_Truscott" title="Alan Truscott">Truscott, Alan F.</a>; Frey, Richard L.; Hayward, Diane, eds. (1984). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Official_Encyclopedia_of_Bridge" title="The Official Encyclopedia of Bridge">The Official Encyclopedia of Bridge</a></i> (4th ed.). New York: Crown Publishers. p. 416. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-517-55272-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-517-55272-8"><bdi>0-517-55272-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/84001791">84001791</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Official+Encyclopedia+of+Bridge&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=416&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Crown+Publishers&rft.date=1984&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F84001791&rft.isbn=0-517-55272-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUser%3ANewwhist%2Fsandbox%2FProject+WPCB%2FBidding+and+play" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrancisTruscottFrancis1994" class="citation book cs1">Francis, Henry G.; <a href="/wiki/Alan_Truscott" title="Alan Truscott">Truscott, Alan F.</a>; Francis, Dorthy A., eds. (1994). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Official_Encyclopedia_of_Bridge" title="The Official Encyclopedia of Bridge">The Official Encyclopedia of Bridge</a></i> (5th ed.). Memphis, TN: <a href="/wiki/American_Contract_Bridge_League" title="American Contract Bridge League">American Contract Bridge League</a>. p. 425. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-943855-48-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-943855-48-9"><bdi>0-943855-48-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/96188639">96188639</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Official+Encyclopedia+of+Bridge&rft.place=Memphis%2C+TN&rft.pages=425&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=American+Contract+Bridge+League&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F96188639&rft.isbn=0-943855-48-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUser%3ANewwhist%2Fsandbox%2FProject+WPCB%2FBidding+and+play" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrancisTruscottFrancis2001" class="citation book cs1">Francis, Henry G.; <a href="/wiki/Alan_Truscott" title="Alan Truscott">Truscott, Alan F.</a>; Francis, Dorthy A., eds. (2001). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Official_Encyclopedia_of_Bridge" title="The Official Encyclopedia of Bridge">The Official Encyclopedia of Bridge</a></i> (6th ed.). Memphis, TN: <a href="/wiki/American_Contract_Bridge_League" title="American Contract Bridge League">American Contract Bridge League</a>. p. 447. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-943855-44-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-943855-44-6"><bdi>0-943855-44-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/49606900">49606900</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Official+Encyclopedia+of+Bridge&rft.place=Memphis%2C+TN&rft.pages=447&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=American+Contract+Bridge+League&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F49606900&rft.isbn=0-943855-44-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUser%3ANewwhist%2Fsandbox%2FProject+WPCB%2FBidding+and+play" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManleyHortonGreenberg-YarbroRigal2011" class="citation book cs1">Manley, Brent; <a href="/wiki/Mark_Horton_(bridge)" title="Mark Horton (bridge)">Horton, Mark</a>; Greenberg-Yarbro, Tracey; <a href="/wiki/Barry_Rigal" title="Barry Rigal">Rigal, Barry</a>, eds. (2011). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Official_Encyclopedia_of_Bridge" title="The Official Encyclopedia of Bridge">The Official Encyclopedia of Bridge</a></i> (7th ed.). Horn Lake, MS: <a href="/wiki/American_Contract_Bridge_League" title="American Contract Bridge League">American Contract Bridge League</a>. p. 507. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-939460-99-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-939460-99-1"><bdi>978-0-939460-99-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Official+Encyclopedia+of+Bridge&rft.place=Horn+Lake%2C+MS&rft.pages=507&rft.edition=7th&rft.pub=American+Contract+Bridge+League&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-939460-99-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUser%3ANewwhist%2Fsandbox%2FProject+WPCB%2FBidding+and+play" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TBW1967-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TBW1967_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TBW1967_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TBW1967_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Editors1967" class="citation journal cs1">The Editors (April 1967). "The Bridge World Standard". <i>The Bridge World</i>. <b>38</b> (7): 4–7.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Bridge+World&rft.atitle=The+Bridge+World+Standard&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=4-7&rft.date=1967-04&rft.au=The+Editors&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUser%3ANewwhist%2Fsandbox%2FProject+WPCB%2FBidding+and+play" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|last=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TBW1969-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TBW1969_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TBW1969_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TBW1969_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Editors1969" class="citation journal cs1">The Editors (August 1969). "The Bridge World Standard, XIX". <i>The Bridge World</i>. <b>40</b> (11): 33–35.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Bridge+World&rft.atitle=The+Bridge+World+Standard%2C+XIX&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=33-35&rft.date=1969-08&rft.au=The+Editors&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUser%3ANewwhist%2Fsandbox%2FProject+WPCB%2FBidding+and+play" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|last=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TBW1984-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TBW1984_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TBW1984_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Editors1984" class="citation journal cs1">The Editors (April 1984). "The Bridge World Standard". <i>The Bridge World</i>. <b>55</b> (7): 19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Bridge+World&rft.atitle=The+Bridge+World+Standard&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=19&rft.date=1984-04&rft.au=The+Editors&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUser%3ANewwhist%2Fsandbox%2FProject+WPCB%2FBidding+and+play" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|last=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TBW2001-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TBW2001_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TBW2001_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Editors,_The_Bridge_World_Magazine" class="citation book cs1">The Editors, The Bridge World Magazine. <i>The Pocket Guide to Bridge World Standard</i> (2001 ed.). New York, NY: The Bridge World Books. p. 6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9753419-2-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9753419-2-6"><bdi>978-0-9753419-2-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pocket+Guide+to+Bridge+World+Standard&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pages=6&rft.edition=2001&rft.pub=The+Bridge+World+Books&rft.isbn=978-0-9753419-2-6&rft.au=The+Editors%2C+The+Bridge+World+Magazine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUser%3ANewwhist%2Fsandbox%2FProject+WPCB%2FBidding+and+play" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|last=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TBW1994-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TBW1994_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TBW1994_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Editors1993" class="citation journal cs1">The Editors (November 1993). "The Bridge World Standard—1994, V". <i>The Bridge World</i>. <b>65</b> (2): 19–26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Bridge+World&rft.atitle=The+Bridge+World+Standard%26mdash%3B1994%2C+V&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=19-26&rft.date=1993-11&rft.au=The+Editors&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUser%3ANewwhist%2Fsandbox%2FProject+WPCB%2FBidding+and+play" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|last=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TBW1993-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TBW1993_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TBW1993_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Editors1993" class="citation journal cs1">The Editors (December 1993). "The Bridge World Standard—1994, VI". <i>The Bridge World</i>. <b>65</b> (3): 17–26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Bridge+World&rft.atitle=The+Bridge+World+Standard%26mdash%3B1994%2C+VI&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=17-26&rft.date=1993-12&rft.au=The+Editors&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUser%3ANewwhist%2Fsandbox%2FProject+WPCB%2FBidding+and+play" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|last=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TBW2016-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TBW2016_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TBW2016_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bridgeworld.com/indexphp.php?page=/pages/readingroom/bws/bwscompletesystem2001.html">"Bridge World Standard 2001"</a>. <i>The Bridge World</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Bridge+World&rft.atitle=Bridge+World+Standard+2001&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bridgeworld.com%2Findexphp.php%3Fpage%3D%2Fpages%2Freadingroom%2Fbws%2Fbwscompletesystem2001.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUser%3ANewwhist%2Fsandbox%2FProject+WPCB%2FBidding+and+play" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TBW2017-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TBW2017_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TBW2017_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bridgeworld.com/indexphp.php?page=/pages/readingroom/bwsmainpage.html">"Bridge World Standard 2017"</a>. <i>The Bridge World</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Bridge+World&rft.atitle=Bridge+World+Standard+2017&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bridgeworld.com%2Findexphp.php%3Fpage%3D%2Fpages%2Freadingroom%2Fbwsmainpage.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUser%3ANewwhist%2Fsandbox%2FProject+WPCB%2FBidding+and+play" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OEB7289-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OEB7289_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OEB7289_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OEB7289_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManleyHortonGreenberg-YarbroRigal2011" class="citation book cs1">Manley, Brent; <a href="/wiki/Mark_Horton_(bridge)" title="Mark Horton (bridge)">Horton, Mark</a>; Greenberg-Yarbro, Tracey; <a href="/wiki/Barry_Rigal" title="Barry Rigal">Rigal, Barry</a>, eds. (2011). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Official_Encyclopedia_of_Bridge" title="The Official Encyclopedia of Bridge">The Official Encyclopedia of Bridge</a></i> (7th ed.). Horn Lake, MS: <a href="/wiki/American_Contract_Bridge_League" title="American Contract Bridge League">American Contract Bridge League</a>. p. 289-290. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-939460-99-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-939460-99-1"><bdi>978-0-939460-99-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Official+Encyclopedia+of+Bridge&rft.place=Horn+Lake%2C+MS&rft.pages=289-290&rft.edition=7th&rft.pub=American+Contract+Bridge+League&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-939460-99-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUser%3ANewwhist%2Fsandbox%2FProject+WPCB%2FBidding+and+play" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kearse-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kearse_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kearse_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKearse1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Amalya_Kearse" title="Amalya Kearse">Kearse, Amalya</a> (1990). <i>Bridge Conventions Complete</i> (Revised and Expanded ed.). Louisville, KY: Devyn Press Inc. pp. 381–391. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-910791-76-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-910791-76-7"><bdi>0-910791-76-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bridge+Conventions+Complete&rft.place=Louisville%2C+KY&rft.pages=381-391&rft.edition=Revised+and+Expanded&rft.pub=Devyn+Press+Inc.&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-910791-76-7&rft.aulast=Kearse&rft.aufirst=Amalya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUser%3ANewwhist%2Fsandbox%2FProject+WPCB%2FBidding+and+play" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BWLeb-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BWLeb_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/The_Bridge_World" title="The Bridge World">The Bridge World</a> website: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bridgeworld.com/default.asp?d=article_sampler&f=samleb.html">The lebensohl Mystery</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111102190343/http://www.bridgeworld.com/default.asp?d=article_sampler&f=samleb.html">Archived</a> 2011-11-02 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Newwhist/sandbox/Project_WPCB/Bidding_and_play&oldid=1232372479">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Newwhist/sandbox/Project_WPCB/Bidding_and_play&oldid=1232372479</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks catlinks-allhidden" data-mw="interface"></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 3 July 2024, at 12:13<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright"><span class="nowraplinks">This version of the page has been <a href="/wiki/Help:Page_history" title="Help:Page history">revised</a>. 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