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href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%B9%D8%A9" title="القديسون التسعة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="القديسون التسعة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dev%C4%9Bt_svat%C3%BDch" title="Devět svatých – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Devět svatých" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuf_Saints" title="Neuf Saints – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Neuf Saints" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist" style="border-collapse:collapse;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Oriental_Orthodoxy" title="Category:Oriental Orthodoxy"> a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodoxy"><span style="color:7a2cfe;font-size:14pt">Oriental Orthodoxy</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ChristCopticArt.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/ChristCopticArt.png/100px-ChristCopticArt.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/ChristCopticArt.png 1.5x" data-file-width="140" data-file-height="263" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:#7a2cfe; color:#FFFFFF;"> Oriental Orthodox churches</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox_Church" title="Coptic Orthodox Church">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Orthodox_Church" title="Syriac Orthodox Church">Syriac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Apostolic_Church" title="Armenian Apostolic Church">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church" title="Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See_of_Cilicia" title="Holy See of Cilicia">Cilicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Tewahedo" title="Orthodox Tewahedo">Orthodox Tewahedo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Orthodox_Tewahedo_Church" title="Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church">Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Orthodox_Tewahedo_Church" title="Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church">Eritrean</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Independent churches</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em; text-align:center;padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox_Church" title="Coptic Orthodox Church">Coptic</a>: <a href="/wiki/British_Orthodox_Church" title="British Orthodox Church">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Orthodox_Church" title="Syriac Orthodox Church">Syriac</a>: <a href="/wiki/Malabar_Independent_Syrian_Church" title="Malabar Independent Syrian Church">Malabar Independent</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Autonomous churches</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em; text-align:center;padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox_Church" title="Coptic Orthodox Church">Coptic</a>: <a href="/wiki/French_Coptic_Orthodox_Church" title="French Coptic Orthodox Church">French Coptic Orthodox Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Apostolic_Church" title="Armenian Apostolic Church">Armenian</a>: <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople" title="Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople">Constantinople</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Patriarchate_of_Jerusalem" title="Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Orthodox_Church" title="Syriac Orthodox Church">Syriac</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jacobite_Syrian_Christian_Church" title="Jacobite Syrian Christian Church">Jacobite Syrian Christian Church</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">History and theology</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em; text-align:center;padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Oriental_Orthodoxy" title="History of Oriental Orthodoxy">History of Oriental Orthodoxy</a>:</li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_history" title="Coptic history">Coptic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Orthodox_Tewahedo_Christianity" title="Timeline of Orthodox Tewahedo Christianity">Tewahedo history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Christianity" title="Syriac Christianity">Syriac history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Christians" title="Saint Thomas Christians">Saint Thomas Christians</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li>Ecumenical Councils:</li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">Nicaea I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Constantinople" title="First Council of Constantinople">Constantinople I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ephesus" title="Council of Ephesus">Ephesus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Council_of_Ephesus" title="Second Council of Ephesus">Ephesus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Council_of_Ephesus" title="Third Council of Ephesus">Ephesus III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Dvin" title="First Council of Dvin">Dvin I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Council_of_Dvin" title="Second Council of Dvin">Dvin II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Council_of_Dvin" title="Third Council of Dvin">Dvin III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Council_of_Dvin" title="Fourth Council of Dvin">Dvin IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Manzikert" title="Council of Manzikert">Manzikert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Capharthutha" title="Council of Capharthutha">Capharthutha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Shirakavan" title="Council of Shirakavan">Shirakavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Hromkla" title="Council of Hromkla">Hromkla</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li>Theology:</li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miaphysitism" title="Miaphysitism">Miaphysitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox_Theology" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodox Theology">Oriental Orthodox Theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Chalcedonian_Christianity" title="Non-Chalcedonian Christianity">Non-Chalcedonian Christianity</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Liturgy and practices</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em; text-align:center;padding-top:0;"> <ul><li>Anaphora & Rites:</li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandrian_Rite" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandrian Rite">Alexandrian Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaphora_of_Saint_Gregory" title="Anaphora of Saint Gregory">Anaphora of Saint Gregory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Rite" title="Armenian Rite">Armenian Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Syriac_Rite" title="West Syriac Rite">West Syriac Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_Saint_James" title="Liturgy of Saint James">Liturgy of Saint James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_Saint_Basil" title="Liturgy of Saint Basil">Liturgy of Saint Basil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_Saint_Cyril" title="Liturgy of Saint Cyril">Liturgy of Saint Cyril</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malankara_Rite" title="Malankara Rite">Malankara Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Qurobo" title="Holy Qurobo">Holy Qurobo</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li>Calendars:</li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints_(Armenian_Apostolic_Church)" title="Calendar of saints (Armenian Apostolic Church)">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_calendar" title="Coptic calendar">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar" title="Ethiopian calendar">Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li>Bible:</li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peshitta" title="Peshitta">Peshitta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_Bible" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic Bible">Coptic Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Bible" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian Bible">Armenian Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Tewahedo_Bible" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthodox Tewahedo Bible">Orthodox Tewahedo Bible</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li>Cross:</li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_cross" title="Coptic cross">Coptic cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Cross" title="Armenian Cross">Armenian Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Christian_cross" title="Saint Thomas Christian cross">St. Thomas Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_cross" title="Ethiopian cross">Ethiopian cross</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Major figures</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em; text-align:center;padding-top:0;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Alexandria" title="Cyril of Alexandria">Cyril of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Addai_of_Edessa" title="Addai of Edessa">Mor Addai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abgar_V" title="Abgar V">Abgar V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_the_Illuminator" title="Gregory the Illuminator">Gregory the Illuminator</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nine Saints of Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiridates_III_of_Armenia" title="Tiridates III of Armenia">Tiridates III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar_Awgin" title="Mar Awgin">Mar Awgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephrem_the_Syrian" title="Ephrem the Syrian">Ephrem the Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezana_of_Axum" title="Ezana of Axum">Ezana of Axum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frumentius" title="Frumentius">Frumentius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenoute" title="Shenoute">Shenoute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesrop_Mashtots" title="Mesrop Mashtots">Mesrop Mashtots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Dioscorus_I_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Dioscorus I of Alexandria">Dioscorus of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severus_of_Antioch" title="Severus of Antioch">Severus of Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_(Copt)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abraham (Copt)">Abraham of Farshut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yared" title="Yared">Yared</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_the_Tanner" title="Simon the Tanner">Simon the Tanner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Narek" title="Gregory of Narek">Gregory of Narek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerses_IV_the_Gracious" title="Nerses IV the Gracious">Nerses IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_the_Syrian" title="Michael the Syrian">Michael the Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar_Hebraeus" title="Bar Hebraeus">Bar Hebraeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tekle_Haymanot" title="Tekle Haymanot">Tekle Haymanot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giyorgis_of_Segla" title="Giyorgis of Segla">Giyorgis of Segla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar_Thoma_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Mar Thoma I">Mar Thoma I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorios_Abdal_Jaleel" title="Gregorios Abdal Jaleel">Gregorios Abdal Jaleel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geevarghese_Mar_Gregorios_of_Parumala" class="mw-redirect" title="Geevarghese Mar Gregorios of Parumala">Geevarghese Gregorios</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em; text-align:center;padding-top:0;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abuna" title="Abuna">Abuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholicos" title="Catholicos">Catholicos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholicos_of_India" title="Catholicos of India">Catholicos of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Orthodox_Patriarch_of_Antioch" class="mw-redirect" title="Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch"> Patriarch of Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maphrian" title="Maphrian">Maphrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_ecclesiastical_titles" title="Ethiopian ecclesiastical titles">Ethiopian titles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Church-Ordinance" title="Apostolic Church-Ordinance">Apostolic Church-Ordinance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_monasticism" title="Coptic monasticism">Coptic monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Coptic_saints" title="List of Coptic saints">Coptic saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debtera" title="Debtera">Debtera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coonan_Cross_Oath" title="Coonan Cross Oath">Coonan Cross Oath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_chant" title="Ethiopian chant">Ethiopian chant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_of_Nineveh" title="Fast of Nineveh">Fast of Nineveh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasting_and_abstinence_of_the_Coptic_Orthodox_Church" title="Fasting and abstinence of the Coptic Orthodox Church">Coptic fasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasting_and_abstinence_in_the_Ethiopian_Orthodox_Tewahedo_Church" title="Fasting and abstinence in the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church">Tewahedo fasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timkat" title="Timkat">Timkat</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Links and resources</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em; text-align:center;padding-top:0;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Oriental_Orthodoxy" title="Category:Oriental Orthodoxy">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Oriental_Orthodox_sidebar" title="Template:Oriental Orthodox sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Oriental_Orthodox_sidebar" title="Template talk:Oriental Orthodox sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Oriental_Orthodox_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Oriental Orthodox sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">5th-century group of exiled Christian missionaries to expand Christianity in Ethiopia</div> <p>The <b>Nine Saints</b> were a group of <a href="/wiki/Missionary" title="Missionary">missionaries</a> who were important in the initial growth of <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> in what is now <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> during the late 5th century. The names of the Nine Saints are: </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Abba_Aftse" title="Abba Aftse">Abba Aftse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abba_Alef" title="Abba Alef">Abba Alef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abuna_Aregawi" title="Abuna Aregawi">Abba Aragawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abba_Garima" title="Abba Garima">Abba Garima</a> (Isaac or Yeshaq)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abba_Guba" title="Abba Guba">Abba Guba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abba_Liqanos" title="Abba Liqanos">Abba Liqanos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abba_Pantelewon" title="Abba Pantelewon">Abba Pantelewon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abba_Tsahma" title="Abba Tsahma">Abba Tsahma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abba_Yem%27ata" title="Abba Yem'ata">Abba Yem'ata</a></li></ol> <p>Rugare Rukuni and Erna Oliver identify the Nine Saints as <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Christians" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Christians">Jewish Christians</a>, and attribute the Judaic character of Ethiopian Christianity, in part, to their influence.<sup id="cite_ref-RukuniOliver_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RukuniOliver-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 6, 8">: 6, 8 </span></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nine_Saints&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although frequently described as coming from <a href="/wiki/Syria_(region)" title="Syria (region)">Syria</a>, only two or three actually came from that province; according to <a href="/wiki/Paul_B._Henze" title="Paul B. Henze">Paul B. Henze</a>, others have been traced to <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a>, and even <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Ethiopian historian <a href="/wiki/Taddesse_Tamrat" title="Taddesse Tamrat">Taddesse Tamrat</a> speculates that they may have been connected with the anti-<a href="/wiki/Monophysite" class="mw-redirect" title="Monophysite">Monophysite</a> and anti-<a href="/wiki/Miaphysitism" title="Miaphysitism">Miaphysite</a> persecutions that followed the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">Council of Chalcedon</a>, which adopted <a href="/wiki/Chalcedonian" class="mw-redirect" title="Chalcedonian">Dyophysitism</a>. Their activities spread Christianity beyond "a narrow corridor between <a href="/wiki/Adulis" title="Adulis">Adulis</a> and Aksum along the caravan routes."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Founding_of_monasteries">Founding of monasteries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nine_Saints&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Founding of monasteries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Besides converting the local inhabitants to Christianity, they also founded a number of <a href="/wiki/Monasticism" title="Monasticism">monastic</a> houses that followed the rule of Saint <a href="/wiki/Pachomius" class="mw-redirect" title="Pachomius">Pachomius</a>: <a href="/wiki/Abba_Aftse" title="Abba Aftse">Abba Aftse</a> founded the monastery at <a href="/wiki/Yeha" title="Yeha">Yeha</a>; <a href="/wiki/Abba_Alef" title="Abba Alef">Abba Alef</a> the northernmost establishment at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bi%27isa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bi'isa (page does not exist)">Bi'isa</a> on the south bank of the <a href="/wiki/Mareb_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Mareb River">Mareb River</a>; the foundation of the important monastery of <a href="/wiki/Debre_Damo" class="mw-redirect" title="Debre Damo">Debre Damo</a> is attributed to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abba_Aragawi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abba Aragawi (page does not exist)">Abba Aragawi</a>; <a href="/wiki/Abba_Liqanos" title="Abba Liqanos">Abba Liqanos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abba_Pantelewon" title="Abba Pantelewon">Abba Pantelewon</a> are credited with establishing <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pentalewon_Monastery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pentalewon Monastery (page does not exist)">Pentalewon Monastery</a> in <a href="/wiki/Axum" title="Axum">Axum</a>; <a href="/wiki/Abba_Garima" title="Abba Garima">Abba Garima</a> founded <a href="/wiki/Abba_Garima_Monastery" title="Abba Garima Monastery">Abba Garima Monastery</a> north of <a href="/wiki/Adwa" title="Adwa">Adwa</a>; <a href="/wiki/Abba_Guba" title="Abba Guba">Abba Guba</a> the one at Madara; <a href="/wiki/Abba_Tsahma" title="Abba Tsahma">Abba Tsahma</a> the one at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sedenya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sedenya (page does not exist)">Sedenya</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Abba_Yem%27ata" title="Abba Yem'ata">Abba Yem'ata</a> founded the southernmost one of the group in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gar%27alta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gar'alta (page does not exist)">Gar'alta</a>, noted for its <a href="/wiki/Abuna_Yemata_Guh" title="Abuna Yemata Guh">Abuna Yemata Guh</a> church named after him.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nine_Saints.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Nine_Saints.jpg/250px-Nine_Saints.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Nine_Saints.jpg/375px-Nine_Saints.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Nine_Saints.jpg/500px-Nine_Saints.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2773" data-file-height="1284" /></a><figcaption>Icon of the Nine Saints, at Abba Pentalewon Monastery near <a href="/wiki/Axum" title="Axum">Axum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Abba_Garima_and_the_Garima_Gospels">Abba Garima and the Garima Gospels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nine_Saints&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Abba Garima and the Garima Gospels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Recent radiocarbon dating supports the tradition of Saint <a href="/wiki/Abba_Garima" title="Abba Garima">Abba Garima</a>'s arrival at the <a href="/wiki/Abba_Garima_Monastery" title="Abba Garima Monastery">Abba Garima Monastery</a> in 494.<sup id="cite_ref-Bailey_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bailey-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Garima_Gospels" title="Garima Gospels">Garima Gospels</a>, which Garima is said to have written, is now regarded as "the world's earliest illustrated Christian manuscript" and the oldest surviving Ethiopian manuscript of any kind.<sup id="cite_ref-Bailey_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bailey-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nine_Saints&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Assyrian_Fathers" title="Thirteen Assyrian Fathers">Thirteen Assyrian Fathers</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nine_Saints&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-RukuniOliver-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RukuniOliver_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRukuniOliver2019" class="citation journal cs1">Rukuni, Rugare; Oliver, Erna (January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hts.v75i1.5335">"Ethiopian Christianity: A continuum of African Early Christian polities"</a>. <i>Hervormde Teologiese Studies</i>. <b>75</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">1–</span>9. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4102%2Fhts.v75i1.5335">10.4102/hts.v75i1.5335</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hervormde+Teologiese+Studies&rft.atitle=Ethiopian+Christianity%3A+A+continuum+of+African+Early+Christian+polities&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E9&rft.date=2019-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4102%2Fhts.v75i1.5335&rft.aulast=Rukuni&rft.aufirst=Rugare&rft.au=Oliver%2C+Erna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.4102%2Fhts.v75i1.5335&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANine+Saints" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Henze, <i>Layers of Time: A History of Ethiopia</i> (New York: Palgrave, 2000) p. 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Taddesse Tamrat, <i>Church and State in Ethiopia, 1270-1527</i> (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1972 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-821671-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-821671-8">0-19-821671-8</a>), p. 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This list is from <a href="/wiki/Richard_Pankhurst_(academic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Pankhurst (academic)">Richard Pankhurst</a>, <i>The Ethiopians, A history</i> (Oxford: Blackwell, 2001), p. 37 n. 38</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bailey-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bailey_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bailey_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin_Bailey" class="citation web cs1">Martin Bailey. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theartnewspaper.com/articles/Discovery-of-earliest-illuminated-manuscript%20%20/20990">"Discovery of earliest illuminated manuscript"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Discovery+of+earliest+illuminated+manuscript&rft.au=Martin+Bailey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theartnewspaper.com%2Farticles%2FDiscovery-of-earliest-illuminated-manuscript%2520%2520%2F20990&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANine+Saints" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120501030359/http://ethiopianheritagefund.org/artsNewspaper.html">"?"</a>. June 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ethiopianheritagefund.org/artsNewspaper.html">the original</a> on 2012-05-01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%3F&rft.date=2010-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fethiopianheritagefund.org%2FartsNewspaper.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANine+Saints" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nine_Saints&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927002016/http://www.dacb.org/stories/ethiopia/pantalewon_.html">Life of Abba Pantelewon from <i>The Dictionary of Ethiopian Biography</i></a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nine_Saints" title="Template talk:Nine Saints"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nine_Saints" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nine Saints"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nine_Saints_of_Ethiopia27" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nine Saints</a> of Ethiopia</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abba_Aftse" title="Abba Aftse">Aftse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abba_Alef" title="Abba Alef">Alef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abuna_Aregawi" title="Abuna Aregawi">Aregawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abba_Garima" title="Abba Garima">Garima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abba_Guba" title="Abba Guba">Guba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abba_Liqanos" title="Abba Liqanos">Liqanos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abba_Pantelewon" title="Abba Pantelewon">Pantelewon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abba_Tsahma" title="Abba Tsahma">Tsahma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abba_Yem%27ata" title="Abba Yem'ata">Yem'ata</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ethiopian_saints_by_feast_day482" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethiopian_saints_by_feast_day" title="Template:Ethiopian saints by feast day"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethiopian_saints_by_feast_day" title="Template talk:Ethiopian saints by feast day"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethiopian_saints_by_feast_day" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethiopian saints by feast day"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethiopian_saints_by_feast_day482" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Ethiopian saints by feast day</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">January</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abeluzius" title="Abeluzius">Abeluzius</a> (15th)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abba_Tsahma" title="Abba Tsahma">Tsahma</a> (24th)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="11" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_of_Waldebba" title="Samuel of Waldebba"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Samuel_of_Waldebba_Painting.jpg/120px-Samuel_of_Waldebba_Painting.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Samuel_of_Waldebba_Painting.jpg/180px-Samuel_of_Waldebba_Painting.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Samuel_of_Waldebba_Painting.jpg/240px-Samuel_of_Waldebba_Painting.jpg 2x" data-file-width="251" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">March</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abba_Alef" title="Abba Alef">Alef</a> (20th)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">May</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Abraham_(Ethiopian)" title="Saint Abraham (Ethiopian)">Saint Abraham</a> (5th)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yared" title="Yared">Yared</a> (19th)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaleb_of_Axum" title="Kaleb of Axum">Kaleb</a> (28th)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ablak_(saint)" title="Ablak (saint)">Ablak</a> (30th)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">June</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abba_Aftse" title="Abba Aftse">Aftse</a> (5th)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abba_Guba" title="Abba Guba">Guba</a> (5th)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gebre_Meskel_Lalibela" title="Gebre Meskel Lalibela">Gebre Meskel Lalibela</a> (6th)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abba_Garima" title="Abba Garima">Garima</a> (24th)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">July</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moses_the_Black" title="Moses the Black">Moses the Black</a> (1st)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giyorgis_of_Segla" title="Giyorgis of Segla">Giyorgis of Segla</a> (14th)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">August</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tekle_Haymanot" title="Tekle Haymanot">Tekle Haymanot</a> (17th and 24th)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">September</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dawit_II" title="Dawit II">Dawit II</a> (2nd)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abnodius" title="Abnodius">Abnodius</a> (3rd)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melki_of_Clysma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Melki of Clysma (page does not exist)">Melki of Clysma</a> (11th)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daysa_the_Egyptian" class="mw-redirect" title="Daysa the Egyptian">Daysa the Egyptian</a> (12th)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamas_the_Martyr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mamas the Martyr (page does not exist)">Mamas the Martyr</a> (15th)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebna_Dengel" class="mw-redirect" title="Lebna Dengel">Lebna Dengel</a> (15th)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fasilidas_(saint)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fasilidas (saint) (page does not exist)">Fasilidas</a> (19th)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yasay_(saint)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yasay (saint) (page does not exist)">Yasay</a> (19th)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matronya" class="mw-redirect" title="Matronya">Matronya</a> (20th)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Absadi" title="Absadi">Absadi</a> (27th)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">October</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ezana_of_Axum" title="Ezana of Axum">Ezana</a> (1st)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saizana" title="Saizana">Saizana</a> (1st)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matlan_the_physician&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matlan the physician (page does not exist)">Matlan the physician</a> (4th)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abuna_Aregawi" title="Abuna Aregawi">Aregawi</a> (24th)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemrehana_Krestos" title="Yemrehana Krestos">Yemrehana Krestos</a> (29th)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">November</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abba_Yem%E2%80%99ata" class="mw-redirect" title="Abba Yem’ata">Yem’ata</a> (2nd)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baeda_Maryam_I" title="Baeda Maryam I">Baeda Maryam I</a> (8th)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amda_Seyon_I" title="Amda Seyon I">Amda Seyon I</a> (26th)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">December</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iyasus_Mo%27a" title="Iyasus Mo'a">Iyasus Mo'a</a> (5th)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abba_Liqanos" title="Abba Liqanos">Liqanos</a> (7th)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gebre_Meskel" title="Gebre Meskel">Gebre Meskel</a> (8th)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_of_Waldebba" title="Samuel of Waldebba">Samuel of Waldebba</a> (21st)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frumentius" title="Frumentius">Frumentius</a> (27th)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">All months</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gabra_Manfas_Qeddus" class="mw-redirect" title="Gabra Manfas Qeddus">Gabra Manfas Qeddus</a> (5th)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tekle_Haymanot" title="Tekle Haymanot">Tekle Haymanot</a> (24th)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <dl><dt>Related topics</dt></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/Giustino_de_Jacobis" title="Giustino de Jacobis">Giustino de Jacobis</a> (Roman Catholic), <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nine Saints</a> •  <a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints_(Armenian_Apostolic_Church)" title="Calendar of saints (Armenian Apostolic Church)">Armenian Apostolic liturgical calendar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coptic_calendar" title="Coptic calendar">Coptic calendar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_liturgical_calendar" title="Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar">Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar</a> •  <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Ethiopian_saints" title="Category:Ethiopian saints">Category:Ethiopian saints</a> </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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