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popup for the Insights Hub. --> <article class="site-content"> <section class="masthead masthead--image alignfull" aria-label="Banner"> <!-- Masthead Media --> <div class="masthead__media"> <picture> <img src='https://www.ppd.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/IMG_0229-1-scaled.jpg' width='2200' height='1022' srcset='' alt='Two older people sitting in a space together' class='object-pos-center' /> </picture> </div> <div class="masthead__overlay"> </div> <!-- Masthead Content --> <div class="masthead__content-wrapper alignwide"> <div class="masthead__content"> <h1 class="masthead__title">Therapeutic Expertise</h1> </div> </div> </section> <div class="breadcrumbs alignfull"><div class="breadcrumbs__inner"><div class="breadcrumbs__wrapper"><div class="breadcrumbs"><span><span class="breadcrumb_last" aria-current="page">Therapeutic Expertise</span></span></div></div><span class="breadcrumb-separator"></span><div class="breadcrumbs__dropdown"><span class="dropdown-trigger">Select a Topic</span><ul class="dropdown-menu"><li><a href="https://www.ppd.com/therapeutic-expertise/biosimilars-development/">Biosimilars Development</a></li><li><a href="https://www.ppd.com/therapeutic-expertise/cardiovascular/">Cardiovascular</a></li><li><a href="https://www.ppd.com/therapeutic-expertise/cell-and-gene-therapy-cro/">Cell & Gene Therapy</a></li><li><a href="https://www.ppd.com/therapeutic-expertise/critical-care/">Critical Care</a></li><li><a href="https://www.ppd.com/therapeutic-expertise/dermatology/">Dermatology</a></li><li><a href="https://www.ppd.com/therapeutic-expertise/hepatology-cro/">Hepatology</a></li><li><a href="https://www.ppd.com/therapeutic-expertise/gastroenterology/">Gastroenterology</a></li><li><a href="https://www.ppd.com/therapeutic-expertise/immunology/">Immunology and Rheumatology</a></li><li><a href="https://www.ppd.com/therapeutic-expertise/infectious-diseases-cro/">Infectious Diseases</a></li><li><a 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href="https://www.ppd.com/therapeutic-expertise/vaccine-development/">Vaccine Development</a></li><li><a href="https://www.ppd.com/therapeutic-expertise/womens-health/">Women's Health</a></li></ul></div></div></div><section id="media-content-block_c40156c700942d9dca9855cf0a77f0b6" class="media-content alignfull has-bg-image thirds-layout align-content-center " style=""> <div class="alignwide align-bg"> <div class="media-content__content has-container left-content"> <div class="content-container"> <h2 class="media-content__title2">A history of therapeutic expertise</h2> <div class="media-content__desc"><p><!-- wp:paragraph --></p> <p>Developing new drugs to treat human disease is an expensive, complex and time-consuming process. Bringing a new drug to market can take up to 15 years and costs $2.5 billion or more.</p> <p>Our biopharmaceutical and biotech customers have trusted us to help them advance their trials. Our <a href="#ppd-experience">therapeutic area expertise</a> spans large drug disease markets such as hematology/oncology and chronic conditions, along with growing areas of R&D innovation, such as immuno-oncology, cell and gene therapy and rare diseases.</p> <p>At every stage of the drug development process, the PPD<span class="TextRun SCXW64308651 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW64308651 BCX0" data-ccp-parastyle="No Spacing">™</span></span> clinical research business of Thermo Fisher Scientific deploys the expertise you need to design, plan and execute your clinical trials with skill, precision and unwavering focus on quality.</p> <p><!-- /wp:paragraph --></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="media-content__image bg-image" style="background-image: url(https://www.ppd.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Therapeutics-shutterstock_737503960.jpg);"></div> </div> </section> <div class="wp-block-emagine-columns alignfull" id="ppd-experience"><div id="em-layout-id_cbde71-3c" class="em-row-layout-inner em-margin-top--none em-margin-bottom--none em-tablet-margin-top--none em-tablet-margin-bottom--none em-mobile-margin-top--none em-mobile-margin-bottom--none em-layout-id_cbde71-3c"><div class="em-row-column-wrap em-has-1-columns em-gutter-default em-row-valign-top em-row-layout-equal em-tab-layout-inherit em-m-colapse-left-to-right em-mobile-layout-row em-padding-top--xlarge em-padding-bottom--default em-tablet-padding-top--xlarge em-tablet-padding-bottom--default em-mobile-padding-top--xlarge em-mobile-padding-bottom--default alignwide"> <div class="wp-block-emagine-column emagine-column4888 inner-column-1"><div class="em-inside-inner-col em-padding-top--none em-padding-right--none em-padding-bottom--none em-padding-left--none em-tablet-padding-top--none em-tablet-padding-right--none em-tablet-padding-bottom--none em-tablet-padding-left--none em-mobile-padding-top--none em-mobile-padding-right--none em-mobile-padding-bottom--none em-mobile-padding-left--none"> <h3 class="wp-block-heading has-text-align-center" style="text-transform:none"> Our experience in the past five years supporting</h3> </div></div> </div></div></div> <div class="wp-block-emagine-columns alignfull"><div id="em-layout-id_33392b-2f" class="em-row-layout-inner em-margin-top--none em-margin-bottom--none em-tablet-margin-top--none em-tablet-margin-bottom--none em-mobile-margin-top--none em-mobile-margin-bottom--none em-layout-id_33392b-2f"><div class="em-row-column-wrap em-has-3-columns em-gutter-default em-row-valign-top em-row-layout-equal em-tab-layout-inherit em-m-colapse-left-to-right em-mobile-layout-row em-padding-top--none em-padding-bottom--none em-tablet-padding-top--none em-tablet-padding-bottom--none em-mobile-padding-top--none em-mobile-padding-bottom--none alignwide"> <div class="wp-block-emagine-column emagine-column1418 inner-column-1"><div class="em-inside-inner-col em-padding-top--none em-padding-right--none em-padding-bottom--xlarge em-padding-left--medium em-tablet-padding-top--none em-tablet-padding-right--none em-tablet-padding-bottom--none em-tablet-padding-left--large em-mobile-padding-top--none em-mobile-padding-right--none em-mobile-padding-bottom--none em-mobile-padding-left--none"><div id="countup-block-block_c9f71252ea7cd20d4b59424408f80e43" class="countup-block alignfull"> <div class="countup-block__wrapper green"> <div class="countup-block__hexagon"> <img decoding="async" src="https://www.ppd.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/icon-clinical-trials.svg" alt=""> </div> <div class="countup-block__content"> <span class="countup-block__number" data-number="2700">0</span> <span class="countup-block__before">+</span> <div class="countup-block__label"><p>trials in the past five years</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> <div class="wp-block-emagine-column emagine-column4320 inner-column-2"><div class="em-inside-inner-col em-padding-top--none em-padding-right--none em-padding-bottom--xlarge em-padding-left--none em-tablet-padding-top--none em-tablet-padding-right--none em-tablet-padding-bottom--none em-tablet-padding-left--large em-mobile-padding-top--none em-mobile-padding-right--none em-mobile-padding-bottom--none em-mobile-padding-left--none"><div id="countup-block-block_80a3468959e96ee38cea28d5933a53b9" class="countup-block alignfull"> <div class="countup-block__wrapper green"> <div class="countup-block__hexagon"> <img decoding="async" src="https://www.ppd.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/icon-medicine.svg" alt=""> </div> <div class="countup-block__content"> <span class="countup-block__number" data-number="93">0</span> <div class="countup-block__label"><p>drug approvals globally in 2021<a href="https://ppd.com/blog/glossary-term/ppd-analysis-of-fda-ema-nmpa-and-hc-data/"><sup>1</sup></a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> <div class="wp-block-emagine-column emagine-column6066 inner-column-3"><div class="em-inside-inner-col em-padding-top--none em-padding-right--none em-padding-bottom--xlarge em-padding-left--none em-tablet-padding-top--none em-tablet-padding-right--none em-tablet-padding-bottom--none em-tablet-padding-left--large em-mobile-padding-top--none em-mobile-padding-right--none em-mobile-padding-bottom--none em-mobile-padding-left--none"><div id="countup-block-block_f252ec838b8875fd7e2efbff6dc17197" class="countup-block alignfull"> <div class="countup-block__wrapper green"> <div class="countup-block__hexagon"> <img decoding="async" src="https://www.ppd.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/icon-Mountain-Top.svg" alt=""> </div> <div class="countup-block__content"> <span class="countup-block__number" data-number="454">0</span> <div class="countup-block__label"><p>drug approvals globally in the past five years<sup> <a href="https://ppd.com/blog/glossary-term/ppd-analysis-of-fda-ema-nmpa-and-hc-data/">1</a></sup></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div></div></div> <div class="wp-block-emagine-columns alignfull"><div id="em-layout-id_b83059-b8" class="em-row-layout-inner em-margin-top--none em-margin-bottom--none em-tablet-margin-top--none em-tablet-margin-bottom--none em-mobile-margin-top--none em-mobile-margin-bottom--none em-layout-id_b83059-b8"><div class="em-row-column-wrap em-has-2-columns em-gutter-default em-row-valign-top em-row-layout-equal em-tab-layout-inherit em-m-colapse-left-to-right em-mobile-layout-row em-padding-top--none em-padding-bottom--default em-tablet-padding-top--none em-tablet-padding-bottom--xlarge em-mobile-padding-top--none em-mobile-padding-bottom--xlarge aligndefault"> <div class="wp-block-emagine-column emagine-column2936 inner-column-1"><div class="em-inside-inner-col em-padding-top--none em-padding-right--none em-padding-bottom--xlarge em-padding-left--medium em-tablet-padding-top--none em-tablet-padding-right--none em-tablet-padding-bottom--none em-tablet-padding-left--large em-mobile-padding-top--none em-mobile-padding-right--none em-mobile-padding-bottom--none em-mobile-padding-left--none"><div id="countup-block-block_c5883dccb96c9801054d66bcd621bac0" class="countup-block alignfull"> <div class="countup-block__wrapper green"> <div class="countup-block__hexagon"> <img decoding="async" src="https://www.ppd.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/icon-Award.svg" alt=""> </div> <div class="countup-block__content"> <span class="countup-block__number" data-number="9">0</span> <div class="countup-block__label"><p>of the top 10 selling drugs<a href="https://www.ppd.com/blog/glossary-term/ppd-analysis-of-global-data-2021/"><sup>1</sup></a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> <div class="wp-block-emagine-column emagine-column9383 inner-column-2"><div class="em-inside-inner-col em-padding-top--none em-padding-right--none em-padding-bottom--xlarge em-padding-left--none em-tablet-padding-top--none em-tablet-padding-right--none em-tablet-padding-bottom--none em-tablet-padding-left--large em-mobile-padding-top--none em-mobile-padding-right--none em-mobile-padding-bottom--none em-mobile-padding-left--none"><div id="countup-block-block_e81412578632524eb5e1fc144d4eb115" class="countup-block alignfull"> <div class="countup-block__wrapper green"> <div class="countup-block__hexagon"> <img decoding="async" src="https://www.ppd.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/icon-Growth-Globe.svg" alt=""> </div> <div class="countup-block__content"> <span class="countup-block__number" data-number="100">0</span> <span class="countup-block__before">+</span> <div class="countup-block__label"><p>countries conducted studies across a wide spectrum of therapeutic areas</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div></div></div> <section id="grid-nav-block-block_507b210a6e2fb453ba84f4dca47141a2" class="grid-nav-block alignfull" style="background-image: url(https://www.ppd.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Background-Image.jpg);"> <div class="grid-nav-block__overlay"></div> <div class="inner alignwide"> <h2>Learn more about our therapeutic experience</h2> <div class="grid-nav-block__container grid grid--quarters"> <a href="https://www.ppd.com/therapeutic-expertise/biosimilars-development/" class="grid-nav-block__grid-item"> <span class="grid-item__title">Biosimilars Development</span> <span class="grid-item__desc">We have the proven expertise to help you execute a successful biosimilars program. Learn more about our biosimilars development services.</span> </a> <a href="https://www.ppd.com/therapeutic-expertise/cardiovascular/" class="grid-nav-block__grid-item"> <span class="grid-item__title">Cardiovascular</span> <span class="grid-item__desc">Experience across a broad range of indications and an investigator network of more than 6,000 cardiologists.</span> </a> <a href="https://www.ppd.com/therapeutic-expertise/cell-and-gene-therapy-cro/" class="grid-nav-block__grid-item"> <span class="grid-item__title">Cell and Gene Therapy</span> <span class="grid-item__desc">Working with a cell and gene therapy CRO across the development lifecycle fosters better integration of services and capabilities throughout your ATMP clinical trials. </span> </a> <a href="https://www.ppd.com/therapeutic-expertise/critical-care/" class="grid-nav-block__grid-item"> <span class="grid-item__title">Critical Care</span> <span class="grid-item__desc">Discover how our experience in critical care makes us adept at overcoming common challenges to quickly move your program forward.</span> </a> <a href="https://www.ppd.com/therapeutic-expertise/dermatology/" class="grid-nav-block__grid-item"> <span class="grid-item__title">Dermatology</span> <span class="grid-item__desc">Experience with dermatology trials ranging from small Phase I studies involving healthy volunteers to large, global, multicenter Phase III trials.</span> </a> <a href="https://www.ppd.com/therapeutic-expertise/gastroenterology/" class="grid-nav-block__grid-item"> <span class="grid-item__title">Gastroenterology</span> <span class="grid-item__desc">More than 800 clinical development professionals worldwide with experience in gastroenterology protocols.</span> </a> <a href="https://www.ppd.com/therapeutic-expertise/immunology/" class="grid-nav-block__grid-item"> <span class="grid-item__title">Immunology and Rheumatology</span> <span class="grid-item__desc">Our global rheumatology and immunology CRO experience and expert team is one of the worlds best for clinical trials and research.</span> </a> <a href="https://www.ppd.com/therapeutic-expertise/infectious-diseases-cro/" class="grid-nav-block__grid-item"> <span class="grid-item__title">Infectious Diseases</span> <span class="grid-item__desc">Our infectious disease CRO delivers the data you need to support your clinical development strategy. Learn more about the proven clinical expertise of PPD. </span> </a> <a href="https://www.ppd.com/therapeutic-expertise/metabolic-endocrine/" class="grid-nav-block__grid-item"> <span class="grid-item__title">Metabolic and Endocrine</span> <span class="grid-item__desc">Our endocrinology and metabolic clinical trial experience helps us to manage programs of any size and complexity around the world.</span> </a> <a href="https://www.ppd.com/therapeutic-expertise/nephrology-and-renal-disease/" class="grid-nav-block__grid-item"> <span class="grid-item__title">Nephrology and Renal Diseases</span> <span class="grid-item__desc">In-depth clinical trial expertise in nephrology and renal disease.</span> </a> <a href="https://www.ppd.com/therapeutic-expertise/neuroscience-clinical-research/" class="grid-nav-block__grid-item"> <span class="grid-item__title">Neuroscience Research</span> <span class="grid-item__desc">Our neuroscience clinical research team differentiates itself in the field of neuroscience research through a multifaceted therapeutic expertise for CNS clinical trials. </span> </a> <a href="https://www.ppd.com/therapeutic-expertise/oncology-and-hematology-cro/" class="grid-nav-block__grid-item"> <span class="grid-item__title">Oncology and Hematology</span> <span class="grid-item__desc">Extensive knowledge of hematology and oncology cro research, vast capabilities and experience with feasibility studies and a large investigator network.</span> </a> <a href="https://www.ppd.com/therapeutic-expertise/ophthalmology/" class="grid-nav-block__grid-item"> <span class="grid-item__title">Ophthalmology</span> <span class="grid-item__desc">Expertise in ophthalmic research, experience with therapeutic-specific ophthalmic vendors and an international network of experienced investigative sites.</span> </a> <a href="https://www.ppd.com/therapeutic-expertise/pediatrics-research/" class="grid-nav-block__grid-item"> <span class="grid-item__title">Pediatrics</span> <span class="grid-item__desc">Learn how PPD uses its expert team of physicians and pediatric specialists to create a meaningful strategy for pediatric therapeutic research.</span> </a> <a href="https://www.ppd.com/therapeutic-expertise/rare-disease/" class="grid-nav-block__grid-item"> <span class="grid-item__title">Rare Disease CRO Services</span> <span class="grid-item__desc">PPD is deeply committed to advancing rare disease CRO research. 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