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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-The_Iron_Range_and_its_economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Iron_Range_and_its_economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>The Iron Range and its economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Iron_Range_and_its_economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cities_and_towns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cities_and_towns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Cities and towns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cities_and_towns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div 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.geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Iron_Range&params=47_27_N_92_56_W_region:US_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">47°27′N</span> <span class="longitude">92°56′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">47.450°N 92.933°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">47.450; -92.933</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Iron-ore mining districts around Lake Superior in the United States and Canada</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the locality in Queensland, Australia, see <a href="/wiki/Iron_Range,_Queensland" title="Iron Range, Queensland">Iron Range, Queensland</a>. For the National Park and former USAF Bomber base in Queensland, Australia, see <a href="/wiki/Kutini-Payamu_(Iron_Range)_National_Park" title="Kutini-Payamu (Iron Range) National Park">Kutini-Payamu (Iron Range) National Park</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iron_Ranges.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Iron_Ranges.jpg/300px-Iron_Ranges.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Iron_Ranges.jpg/450px-Iron_Ranges.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Iron_Ranges.jpg/600px-Iron_Ranges.jpg 2x" data-file-width="675" data-file-height="510" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lake_Superior" title="Lake Superior">Lake Superior</a> Iron Ranges</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Iron Range</b> is collectively or individually a number of elongated <a href="/wiki/Iron-ore" class="mw-redirect" title="Iron-ore">iron-ore</a> mining districts around <a href="/wiki/Lake_Superior" title="Lake Superior">Lake Superior</a> in the United States and Canada. Much of the ore-bearing region lies alongside the range of granite hills formed by the Giants Range <a href="/wiki/Batholith" title="Batholith">batholith</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Allison1925_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allison1925-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These <a href="/wiki/Chert" title="Chert">cherty</a> iron ore deposits are <a href="/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian">Precambrian</a> in the Vermilion Range and middle Precambrian in the <a href="/wiki/Mesabi_Range" title="Mesabi Range">Mesabi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cuyuna_Range" title="Cuyuna Range">Cuyuna</a> ranges, all in <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Gogebic_Range" title="Gogebic Range">Gogebic Range</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Marquette_Iron_Range" title="Marquette Iron Range">Marquette Iron Range</a> and Menominee Range in <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a> have similar characteristics and are of similar age. Natural ores and concentrates were produced from 1848 until the mid-1950s, when <a href="/wiki/Taconite" title="Taconite">taconites</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jasper" title="Jasper">jaspers</a> were concentrated and <a href="/wiki/Pelletizing" title="Pelletizing">pelletized</a>, and started to become the major source of iron production.<sup id="cite_ref-Ridge_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ridge-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The mining districts are in Minnesota's <a href="/wiki/Arrowhead_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Arrowhead region">Arrowhead region</a>. The region's far eastern area, containing the <a href="/wiki/Duluth_Complex" title="Duluth Complex">Duluth Complex</a> along the shore of Lake Superior, and the far northern area, along the <a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93United_States_border" title="Canada–United States border">Canada–U.S. border</a>, are not associated with iron ore mining, but deposits of copper, nickel, and cobalt at the northern boundary of the Duluth Complex, where it meets the iron formations, are being considered for mining.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Iron_Range_and_its_economy">The Iron Range and its economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iron_Range&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: The Iron Range and its economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iron_Range-20050725.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Iron_Range-20050725.jpg/220px-Iron_Range-20050725.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Iron_Range-20050725.jpg/330px-Iron_Range-20050725.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Iron_Range-20050725.jpg/440px-Iron_Range-20050725.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Iron ore</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Croft_Mine_Park.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Croft_Mine_Park.jpg/220px-Croft_Mine_Park.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Croft_Mine_Park.jpg/330px-Croft_Mine_Park.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Croft_Mine_Park.jpg/440px-Croft_Mine_Park.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Croft Mine Historic Park</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SoudanMine_arf.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/SoudanMine_arf.JPG/220px-SoudanMine_arf.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/SoudanMine_arf.JPG/330px-SoudanMine_arf.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/SoudanMine_arf.JPG/440px-SoudanMine_arf.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1023" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Soudan_Underground_Mine_State_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Soudan Underground Mine State Park">Soudan Underground Mine State Park</a></figcaption></figure> <p>From a <a href="/wiki/Geology" title="Geology">geological perspective</a>, Minnesota's Iron Range includes these four major iron deposits:<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mesabi_Range" title="Mesabi Range">Mesabi Range</a>, the largest iron range, largely within Itasca and Saint Louis counties;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermilion_Range_(Minnesota)" title="Vermilion Range (Minnesota)">Vermilion Range</a>, northeast of the Mesabi, in Saint Louis and Lake counties;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunflint_Range" title="Gunflint Range">Gunflint Range</a>, in the extreme northern portion of Cook County and extending into <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>; and</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuyuna_Range" title="Cuyuna Range">Cuyuna Range</a>, southwest of the Mesabi, largely within <a href="/wiki/Crow_Wing_County,_Minnesota" title="Crow Wing County, Minnesota">Crow Wing County</a>.</li></ul> <p>Within Minnesota, "The Iron Range Resources and Rehabilitation is a State Department, established by the legislature of 1941 to render public service through research and the actual development of all the state's resources both natural and human."<sup id="cite_ref-Gruner_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gruner-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Iron_Range_Resources_and_Rehabilitation_Board" title="Iron Range Resources and Rehabilitation Board">Iron Range Resources and Rehabilitation Board</a> (IRRRB), known as "the I-triple-R-B" or Iron Range Resources,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is an economic development agency funded partly by state taxes on <a href="/wiki/Taconite" title="Taconite">taconite</a>-producing companies and charged with creating jobs. </p><p>There have been attempts to expand mining for other metals to areas near the Iron Range, most notably with the <a href="/wiki/Twin_Metals_mine" title="Twin Metals mine">Twin Metals mine</a>, but these have received pushback from the federal government and environmentalists because of environmental concerns resulting from their proximity to national protected lands.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iron_Range&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Geologically, the Mesabi, Gunflint, and Cuyuna Ranges in Minnesota belong to the <a href="/wiki/Paleoproterozoic" title="Paleoproterozoic">Paleoproterozoic</a> <a href="/wiki/Animikie_Group" title="Animikie Group">Animikie Group</a>, while the Vermilion Range is <a href="/wiki/Neoarchean" title="Neoarchean">Neoarchean</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The geologic history of the <a href="/wiki/Formation_(geology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Formation (geology)">formations</a> containing iron are typical of <a href="/wiki/Banded_iron_formation" title="Banded iron formation">banded iron formations</a> worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-Ridge_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ridge-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 502–504">: 502–504 </span></sup> </p><p>Before the 19th century, Native American groups mined <a href="/wiki/Native_copper" title="Native copper">native copper</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Keweenaw_Peninsula" title="Keweenaw Peninsula">Keweenaw Peninsula</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/William_Austin_Burt" title="William Austin Burt">William Austin Burt</a> discovered iron ore in the Marquette Range near <a href="/wiki/Negaunee,_Michigan" title="Negaunee, Michigan">Negaunee, Michigan</a> in 1844. Iron ore was discovered on the Menominee Range in 1867 and on the Gogebic Range in 1884. It was first discovered in Minnesota on the Vermilion Range in 1885, the Mesabi Range in 1890, and the Cuyuna Range in 1903.<sup id="cite_ref-Ridge_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ridge-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Underground mines were developed to remove the valuable ore of most ranges. But on the Mesabi and Cuyuna Ranges, iron mining operations evolved into enormous <a href="/wiki/Open_pit_mines" class="mw-redirect" title="Open pit mines">open pit mines</a>, where steamshovels and other industrial machines could remove massive amounts of ore. "Large-scale commercial production of magnetite taconite ore on the Mesabi Range started in 1956 at the Peter Mitchell Mine near <a href="/wiki/Babbitt,_Minnesota" title="Babbitt, Minnesota">Babbitt, Minnesota</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-Ridge_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ridge-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cities_and_towns">Cities and towns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iron_Range&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Cities and towns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some of the more significant communities in the region include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aitkin,_Minnesota" title="Aitkin, Minnesota">Aitkin</a> (pop. 2,165) is on the <a href="/wiki/Cuyuna_Range" title="Cuyuna Range">Cuyuna Range</a>'s eastern edge.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurora,_Minnesota" title="Aurora, Minnesota">Aurora</a> (pop. 1,853) is on the Eastern Mesabi Range. The former St. James, Meadow, Miller and Stephens mines lie within the city limits.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babbitt,_Minnesota" title="Babbitt, Minnesota">Babbitt</a> (pop. 1,475)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biwabik,_Minnesota" title="Biwabik, Minnesota">Biwabik</a> (pop. 969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bovey,_Minnesota" title="Bovey, Minnesota">Bovey</a> (pop. 804) is along <a href="/wiki/U.S._Highway_169" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Highway 169">U.S. Highway 169</a> between <a href="/wiki/Coleraine,_Minnesota" title="Coleraine, Minnesota">Coleraine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Taconite,_Minnesota" title="Taconite, Minnesota">Taconite</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buhl,_Minnesota" title="Buhl, Minnesota">Buhl</a> (pop. 1,000) is along U.S. Highway 169 between <a href="/wiki/Chisholm,_Minnesota" title="Chisholm, Minnesota">Chisholm</a> and <a href="/wiki/Virginia,_Minnesota" title="Virginia, Minnesota">Virginia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chisholm,_Minnesota" title="Chisholm, Minnesota">Chisholm</a> (pop. 4,976) is the Mesabi Range's geographic center.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coleraine,_Minnesota" title="Coleraine, Minnesota">Coleraine</a> (pop. 1,970) has been called the "start place of the Iron Range."</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crosby,_Minnesota" title="Crosby, Minnesota">Crosby</a> (pop. 2,386) is an old mining <a href="/wiki/Boomtown" title="Boomtown">boomtown</a> on the Iron Range's southwestern edge.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deerwood,_Minnesota" title="Deerwood, Minnesota">Deerwood</a> (pop. 529) Mining engineer Cuyler Adams discovered the Cuyuna Range near Deerwood in 1895.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ely,_Minnesota" title="Ely, Minnesota">Ely</a> (pop. 3,460), in the Vermillion Range, the most popular entry point for the <a href="/wiki/Boundary_Waters_Canoe_Area_Wilderness" title="Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness">Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eveleth,_Minnesota" title="Eveleth, Minnesota">Eveleth</a> (pop. 3,718) Home of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Hockey_Hall_of_Fame" title="United States Hockey Hall of Fame">U.S. Hockey Hall of Fame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Rapids,_Minnesota" title="Grand Rapids, Minnesota">Grand Rapids</a> (pop. 10,869) is named for the local rapids in the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert,_Minnesota" title="Gilbert, Minnesota">Gilbert</a> (pop. 1,799) is the location of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Ore-be-gone" title="Lake Ore-be-gone">Lake Ore-be-gone</a>, an artificial lake created by flooding three open-pit iron ore mines.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hibbing,_Minnesota" title="Hibbing, Minnesota">Hibbing</a> (pop. 16,361) is the largest city by area in the state of Minnesota. It is home to the <a href="/wiki/Hull%E2%80%93Rust%E2%80%93Mahoning_Open_Pit_Iron_Mine" title="Hull–Rust–Mahoning Open Pit Iron Mine">Hull–Rust–Mahoning Open Pit Iron Mine</a>, one of the world's largest open pit iron mines.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoyt_Lakes,_Minnesota" title="Hoyt Lakes, Minnesota">Hoyt Lakes</a> (pop. 1,888) is in the eastern Mesabi Range. Erie Mining Company previously mined ore and testing to mine new minerals is ongoing.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keewatin,_Minnesota" title="Keewatin, Minnesota">Keewatin</a> (pop. 1,068) is between Nashwauk and Hibbing. It is home to U.S. Steel's KeeTac taconite mining and processing plant.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinney,_Minnesota" title="Kinney, Minnesota">Kinney</a> (pop. 169) is an old mining boomtown on the Iron Range, between <a href="/wiki/Buhl,_Minnesota" title="Buhl, Minnesota">Buhl</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mountain_Iron" class="mw-redirect" title="Mountain Iron">Mountain Iron</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Iron" class="mw-redirect" title="Mountain Iron">Mountain Iron</a> (pop. 2,869) is home to Minntac, the world's largest taconite processing plant.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashwauk,_Minnesota" title="Nashwauk, Minnesota">Nashwauk</a> (pop. 983) is a small town between Grand Rapids and Hibbing, 4 miles from Keewatin.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soudan,_Minnesota" title="Soudan, Minnesota">Soudan</a> is an unincorporated community in Breitung Township, Saint Louis County immediately east of the city of <a href="/wiki/Tower,_Minnesota" title="Tower, Minnesota">Tower</a> on Minn.Highway 169 / Minn.Highway 1. It is the home of the <a href="/wiki/Soudan_Underground_Mine_State_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Soudan Underground Mine State Park">Soudan Underground Mine State Park</a>, which contained the University of Minnesota's Soudan Underground Laboratory, which housed detectors, including MINOS, over 700 meters below the Earth's surface.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taconite,_Minnesota" title="Taconite, Minnesota">Taconite</a> (pop. 360), named after the taconite pellets from iron ore, was a town many miners lived in.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia,_Minnesota" title="Virginia, Minnesota">Virginia</a> (pop. 8,712) is next to the <a href="/wiki/Rouchleau_Mine" title="Rouchleau Mine">Rouchleau mine pit</a>, which is nearly three miles long, half a mile wide and 450 feet deep. The state's <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Rukavina_Memorial_Bridge" title="Thomas Rukavina Memorial Bridge">tallest bridge</a> crosses the pit.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winton,_Minnesota" title="Winton, Minnesota">Winton</a> (pop 172). Once several times larger than Ely, Winton sits just 3 miles north of Ely, and was once home to a very large lumber mill and a lumber boomtown.</li></ul> <p>Nearby communities important to the Iron Range: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duluth,_Minnesota" title="Duluth, Minnesota">Duluth</a> (pop. 86,265) The fourth largest city in the state, is a destination for much of the ore shipped via the DM&IR railroad and loaded onto <a href="/wiki/Lake_freighter" title="Lake freighter">Lake freighters</a>. A large part of the Iron Range is also included in the <a href="/wiki/Twin_Ports" title="Twin Ports">Duluth MN-WI MSA</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Marais,_Minnesota" title="Grand Marais, Minnesota">Grand Marais</a> (pop. 1,351) The area was a bustling fur trading station since the 1700s, and the French <a href="/wiki/Voyageurs" title="Voyageurs">voyageurs</a> called the settled village Grand Marais ("Great Marsh"), referring to a marsh that in early fur-trading times was 20 acres (8.1 ha) or less in area, nearly at the level of Lake Superior, and situated at the head of the little bay and harbor that led to the settlement of the village. The town comprises much of the Gunflint Trail, which extends to the former <a href="/wiki/Paulson_Mine" title="Paulson Mine">Paulson Mine</a> site.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Bay,_Minnesota" title="Silver Bay, Minnesota">Silver Bay</a> (pop 1,857) is home to the plant that processes taconite from Babbitt.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_Harbors,_Minnesota" title="Two Harbors, Minnesota">Two Harbors</a> (pop. 3,745) is the county seat of Lake County, along the shore of Lake Superior. It was historically an important port for loading and shipping iron ore from the Range.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iron_Range&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Immigrants from over 23 countries settled the area, drawn to the mining industry. By 1910 the Finns were the largest immigrant group, followed by Slovenes and Croats from the Austrian Empire, and Italians and Swedes.<sup id="cite_ref-LaVigne2020_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LaVigne2020-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over time the area developed a strong "Ranger" culture and accent. This northern Minnesota <a href="/wiki/Accent_(sociolinguistics)" title="Accent (sociolinguistics)">accent</a> is still present in the area, especially among older people; hence the popular nickname "da Range".<sup id="cite_ref-BinghamGansler2003_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BinghamGansler2003-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The regional culture is strongly linked to former periods of steady, usually well-paid mining employment, although in recent decades, the region's outdoor recreation and relative remoteness has attracted new residents unconnected to the industry.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are tensions between supporters and detractors of mining, especially over the potential reuse of ironworks to exploit copper ores. <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a>, who grew up in <a href="/wiki/Hibbing,_Minnesota" title="Hibbing, Minnesota">Hibbing</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-EDLIS_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EDLIS-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> memorialized the Iron Range in the 1963 song "<a href="/wiki/North_Country_Blues" title="North Country Blues">North Country Blues</a>", a lament portraying hard times in the region. Presented in his 1964 album <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_They_Are_a-Changin%27_(album)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Times They Are a-Changin' (album)">The Times They Are a-Changin'</a></i>, it includes such lines as: </p> <dl><dd><i>So the mining gates locked and the red iron rotted</i></dd> <dd><i>And the room smelled heavy from drinking</i></dd> <dd><i>When the sad, silent song made the hour twice as long</i></dd> <dd><i>As I waited for the sun to go sinking</i> <sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Iron_Range_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Iron Range cuisine">Iron Range cuisine</a> is known for <a href="/wiki/Cornish_pasties" class="mw-redirect" title="Cornish pasties">Cornish pasties</a> stuffed with a combination of beef, rutabaga, onion, carrots, and potatoes. Pasties were an easy lunch for those working deep in the iron mines.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Slovenian_cuisine" title="Slovenian cuisine">Slovenian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Croatian_cuisine" title="Croatian cuisine">Croatian</a> immigrants brought the honey-nut bread <a href="/wiki/Potica" title="Potica">potica</a> to the Iron Range; it is still served on Easter and Christmas in northern Minnesota.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">Ice hockey</a> is a predominant sport in the region, which has produced several <a href="/wiki/NHL" class="mw-redirect" title="NHL">NHL</a> players as well as the three members of the "Iron Range line" from the 1980 <a href="/wiki/United_States_men%27s_national_ice_hockey_team" title="United States men's national ice hockey team">United States men's national ice hockey team</a> that defeated the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union_men%27s_national_ice_hockey_team" title="Soviet Union men's national ice hockey team">Soviet Union team</a> in the "<a href="/wiki/Miracle_on_Ice" title="Miracle on Ice">Miracle on Ice</a>" game.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2022, <a href="/wiki/Hockeyland" title="Hockeyland">Hockeyland</a>, a documentary focusing on high school hockey in the Iron Range and Duluth area was released.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iron_Range&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right; font-size:95%;"> <caption><b>Presidential election results (seven core counties)</b><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr style="background:lightgrey;"> <th>Year </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </th> <th>Others </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/U.S._presidential_election,_2020" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. presidential election, 2020">2020</a></b> </td> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>51.9%</b> <i>100,997</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6">45.8% <i>89,032</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background:#EEEEEE">2.3% <i>4,387</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/U.S._presidential_election,_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. presidential election, 2016">2016</a></b> </td> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>47.6%</b> <i>85,673</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6">43.8% <i>78,884</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background:#EEEEEE">8.6% <i>15,465</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/U.S._presidential_election,_2012" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. presidential election, 2012">2012</a></b> </td> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>60.7%</b> <i>111,518</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6">36.7% <i>67,422</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background:#EEEEEE">2.6% <i>4,747</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/U.S._presidential_election,_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. presidential election, 2008">2008</a></b> </td> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>62.0%</b> <i>116,749</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6">35.6% <i>67,027</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background:#EEEEEE">2.3% <i>4,411</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/U.S._presidential_election,_2004" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. presidential election, 2004">2004</a></b> </td> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>61.7%</b> <i>116,856</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6">37.0% <i>70,024</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background:#EEEEEE">1.3% <i>2,521</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/U.S._presidential_election,_2000" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. presidential election, 2000">2000</a></b> </td> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>56.2%</b> <i>94,923</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6">36.5% <i>61,581</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background:#EEEEEE">7.3% <i>12,277</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/U.S._presidential_election,_1996" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. presidential election, 1996">1996</a></b> </td> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>58.1%</b> <i>91,333</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6">27.5% <i>43,194</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background:#EEEEEE">14.5% <i>22,749</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/U.S._presidential_election,_1992" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. presidential election, 1992">1992</a></b> </td> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>53.7%</b> <i>90,464</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6">24.3% <i>40,901</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background:#EEEEEE">22.0% <i>37,034</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/U.S._presidential_election,_1988" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. presidential election, 1988">1988</a></b> </td> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>65.0%</b> <i>102,348</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6">34.0% <i>53,552</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background:#EEEEEE">1.0% <i>1,631</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/U.S._presidential_election,_1984" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. presidential election, 1984">1984</a></b> </td> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>65.2%</b> <i>112,105</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6">34.0% <i>58,455</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background:#EEEEEE">0.9% <i>1,497</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/U.S._presidential_election,_1980" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. presidential election, 1980">1980</a></b> </td> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>58.2%</b> <i>102,952</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6">32.2% <i>56,925</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background:#EEEEEE">9.6% <i>16,975</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/U.S._presidential_election,_1976" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. presidential election, 1976">1976</a></b> </td> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>64.6%</b> <i>110,411</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6">32.2% <i>55,064</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background:#EEEEEE">3.2% <i>5,518</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/U.S._presidential_election,_1972" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. presidential election, 1972">1972</a></b> </td> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>56.4%</b> <i>87,367</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6">42.0% <i>64,982</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background:#EEEEEE">1.6% <i>2,550</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/U.S._presidential_election,_1968" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. presidential election, 1968">1968</a></b> </td> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>69.2%</b> <i>104,151</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6">26.9% <i>40,457</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background:#EEEEEE">3.9% <i>5,806</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/U.S._presidential_election,_1964" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. presidential election, 1964">1964</a></b> </td> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>75.3%</b> <i>116,567</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6">24.4% <i>37,734</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background:#EEEEEE">0.3% <i>520</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/U.S._presidential_election,_1960" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. presidential election, 1960">1960</a></b> </td> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>62.0%</b> <i>99,703</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6">37.5% <i>60,283</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background:#EEEEEE">0.5% <i>801</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The area has remained a <a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Democratic-Farmer-Labor_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party">Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party</a> stronghold despite its predominantly white and rural population because of its history of a largely unionized workforce in the mining industry, the mainstay of the economy of the Iron Range. In 2004, <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a> carried most of the <a href="/wiki/County_(United_States)" title="County (United States)">counties</a> in the region by a comfortable margin over <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a>. <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> outperformed McCain in 2008, carrying every county in the Range. The area was the largest rural Democratic stronghold in Minnesota outside of the urban centers in Minneapolis and St. Paul. </p><p>In 2016, <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>'s economic policies changed the Range's electoral profile. He won multiple counties, reduced past Democratic winning margins and received endorsements from local Democratic mayors.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Endorsements_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Endorsements-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/2022_midterm_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 midterm elections">2022 midterm elections</a>, the Democratic-Farmer-Labor party lost more ground on the Iron Range, with Republican candidates running for lower-profile statewide offices flipping <a href="/wiki/Carlton_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Carlton County">Carlton County</a>. In the state legislature, Republicans picked up several seats on the Range despite losing both chambers overall. Nevertheless, the Range as a whole still votes slightly in favor of Democratic presidential nominees, thanks to <a href="/wiki/Duluth,_Minnesota" title="Duluth, Minnesota">Duluth</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iron_Range&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The region is known for harsh winters and pleasant summers. The average year-round temperature is in the 30s °F (between about 2 °C and 4 °C). Temperatures below −40 °F/°C occur somewhere in the region during most winters. The Midwestern Regional Climate Center climate summaries<sup id="cite_ref-MRCC_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MRCC-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> record that <a href="/wiki/Virginia,_Minnesota" title="Virginia, Minnesota">Virginia</a> has a mean annual temperature of 38 °F, with an average January low temperature of −6.2 °F (about −21 °C) and July high of 77.4 °F (25 °C). Precipitation there averages 27 in (690 mm) annually and snowfall 53.2 in (135 cm). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iron_Range&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Minnesota" title="Geology of Minnesota">Geology of Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesaba_Railway" title="Mesaba Railway">Mesaba Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stromatolite" title="Stromatolite">Stromatolite</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iron_Range&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Allison1925-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Allison1925_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAllison1925" class="citation journal cs1">Allison, Ira S. (July 1925). "The Giants Range Batholith of Minnesota". <i>The Journal of Geology</i>. <b>33</b> (5): 488–508. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F623215">10.1086/623215</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fuc1.%24b30134">2027/uc1.$b30134</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:140669590">140669590</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Geology&rft.atitle=The+Giants+Range+Batholith+of+Minnesota&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=488-508&rft.date=1925-07&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fuc1.%24b30134&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A140669590%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F623215&rft.aulast=Allison&rft.aufirst=Ira+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIron+Range" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ridge-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ridge_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ridge_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ridge_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ridge_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarsden1968" class="citation book cs1">Marsden, Ralph (1968). John D. Ridge (ed.). <i>Geology of the Iron Ores of the Lake Superior Region in the United States, in Volume 1 of Ore Deposits of the United States, 1933–1967</i>. The American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers, Inc. pp. 490–492.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geology+of+the+Iron+Ores+of+the+Lake+Superior+Region+in+the+United+States%2C+in+Volume+1+of+Ore+Deposits+of+the+United+States%2C+1933%E2%80%931967&rft.pages=490-492&rft.pub=The+American+Institute+of+Mining%2C+Metallurgical%2C+and+Petroleum+Engineers%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1968&rft.aulast=Marsden&rft.aufirst=Ralph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIron+Range" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dnr.state.mn.us/lands_minerals/metallic_nf/exp_areas.html">"Nonferrous Metallic Minerals - Exploration Areas"</a>. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 14,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nonferrous+Metallic+Minerals+-+Exploration+Areas&rft.pub=Minnesota+Department+of+Natural+Resources&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dnr.state.mn.us%2Flands_minerals%2Fmetallic_nf%2Fexp_areas.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIron+Range" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110809053412/http://events.mnhs.org/Timepieces/EventDetail.cfm?EventID=598">"2 Billion Years Ago: Iron Range Beginnings"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Historical_Society" title="Minnesota Historical Society">Minnesota Historical Society</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://events.mnhs.org/Timepieces/EventDetail.cfm?EventID=598">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(Timepieces)</span> on August 9, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Minnesota+Historical+Society&rft.atitle=2+Billion+Years+Ago%3A+Iron+Range+Beginnings&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fevents.mnhs.org%2FTimepieces%2FEventDetail.cfm%3FEventID%3D598&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIron+Range" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gruner-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gruner_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGruner1946" class="citation book cs1">Gruner, John (1946). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reflections.mndigital.org/catalog/mgs:4983#/image/0"><i>The Mineralogy and Geology of the Taconites and Iron Ores of the Mesabi Range, Minnesota</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 10,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Feds+issue+draft+assessment+that+could+doom+northern+Minnesota+mine&rft.pub=KARE-TV&rft.date=2022-06-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kare11.com%2Farticle%2Ftech%2Fscience%2Fenvironment%2Ftwin-metals-mine-boundary-waters-minnesota-us-forest-service%2F89-44fc51bd-8fdd-4da3-a639-8c8cbdc63749&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIron+Range" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lodge et al., 2013, New U–Pb geochronology from Timiskaming-type assemblages in the Shebandowan and Vermilion greenstone belts, Wawa subprovince, Superior Craton: Implications for the Neoarchean development of the southwestern Superior Province, Precambrian Research 235, p. 264-277</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/kewe/learn/historyculture/copper-mining-timeline.htm">"Timeline of Michigan Copper Mining Prehistory to 1850"</a>. 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Minnesota Historical Society<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 19,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MNpedia&rft.atitle=Immigration+to+the+Iron+Range%2C+1880%E2%80%931930&rft.date=2020-11-10&rft.aulast=LaVigne&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mnopedia.org%2Fimmigration-iron-range-1880-1930&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIron+Range" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BinghamGansler2003-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BinghamGansler2003_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClara_BinghamLaura_Leedy_Gansler2003" class="citation book cs1">Clara Bingham; Laura Leedy Gansler (October 14, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=N4xIDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA31"><i>Class Action: The Landmark Case that Changed Sexual Harassment Law</i></a>. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. pp. 29–34. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-385-49613-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-385-49613-1"><bdi>978-0-385-49613-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1005478412">1005478412</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Class+Action%3A+The+Landmark+Case+that+Changed+Sexual+Harassment+Law&rft.pages=29-34&rft.pub=Knopf+Doubleday+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2003-10-14&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1005478412&rft.isbn=978-0-385-49613-1&rft.au=Clara+Bingham&rft.au=Laura+Leedy+Gansler&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DN4xIDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIron+Range" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Erik Kojola. 2020. Divergent memories and visions of the future in conflicts over mining development. Journal of Political Ecology 27: 898-916. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.2458/v27i1.23210">https://doi.org/10.2458/v27i1.23210</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EDLIS-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EDLIS_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Bob Dylan's Hibbing</i>. Hibbing, Minnesota: EDLIS Café Press. 2019. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781091782891" title="Special:BookSources/9781091782891"><bdi>9781091782891</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bob+Dylan%27s+Hibbing&rft.place=Hibbing%2C+Minnesota&rft.pub=EDLIS+Caf%C3%A9+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9781091782891&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIron+Range" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160802070522/http://www.metrolyrics.com/north-country-blues-lyrics-bob-dylan.html">"Bob Dylan - North Country Blues Lyrics"</a>. <i>Metro Lyrics</i>. 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September 14, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 10,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ESPN.com&rft.atitle=Inside+the+making+of+%27Hockeyland%27&rft.date=2022-09-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espn.com%2Fnhl%2Fstory%2F_%2Fid%2F34585835%2Finside-making-hockeyland-bringing-minnesota-high-school-hockey-big-screen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIron+Range" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ourcampaigns.com/">"Our Campaigns"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 16,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=the+Guardian&rft.atitle=%27The+Democratic+party+left+us%27%3A+how+rural+Minnesota+is+making+the+switch+to+Trump&rft.date=2020-10-16&rft.aulast=McGreal&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fus-news%2F2020%2Foct%2F16%2Fminnesota-democrat-switch-trump-election&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIron+Range" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Endorsements-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Endorsements_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlater,_Brady2020" class="citation news cs1">Slater, Brady (September 4, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.duluthnewstribune.com/news/government-and-politics/6640777-Some-Iron-Range-mayors-surprised-disapproving-of-Trump-endorsement">"Some Iron Range mayors surprised, disapproving of Trump endorsement"</a>. <i>Duluth News Tribune</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Duluth+News+Tribune&rft.atitle=Some+Iron+Range+mayors+surprised%2C+disapproving+of+Trump+endorsement&rft.date=2020-09-04&rft.au=Slater%2C+Brady&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.duluthnewstribune.com%2Fnews%2Fgovernment-and-politics%2F6640777-Some-Iron-Range-mayors-surprised-disapproving-of-Trump-endorsement&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIron+Range" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wdio.com/front-page/election-news/changing-political-landscape-on-the-range/">"Changing political landscape on the Iron Range"</a>. November 10, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Changing+political+landscape+on+the+Iron+Range&rft.date=2022-11-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wdio.com%2Ffront-page%2Felection-news%2Fchanging-political-landscape-on-the-range%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIron+Range" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minnesotareformer.com/2022/11/11/iron-range-seething-at-the-twin-cities-continues-right-turn/">"Iron Range, seething at the Twin Cities, continues right turn"</a>. November 11, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iron+Range%2C+seething+at+the+Twin+Cities%2C+continues+right+turn&rft.date=2022-11-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fminnesotareformer.com%2F2022%2F11%2F11%2Firon-range-seething-at-the-twin-cities-continues-right-turn%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIron+Range" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MRCC-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MRCC_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mrcc.illinois.edu/mw_climate/climateSummaries/climSumm.jsp">"Midwest Climate: Climate Summaries"</a>. <i>Midwestern Regional Climate Center</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 1,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Midwestern+Regional+Climate+Center&rft.atitle=Midwest+Climate%3A+Climate+Summaries&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmrcc.illinois.edu%2Fmw_climate%2FclimateSummaries%2FclimSumm.jsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIron+Range" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iron_Range&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLamppa2004" class="citation book cs1">Lamppa, Marvin G. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=88VVAAAACAAJ"><i>Minnesota's Iron Country: Rich Ore, Rich Lives</i></a>. Lake Superior Port Cities. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-942235-56-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-942235-56-2"><bdi>978-0-942235-56-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/54826192">54826192</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Minnesota%27s+Iron+Country%3A+Rich+Ore%2C+Rich+Lives&rft.pub=Lake+Superior+Port+Cities&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F54826192&rft.isbn=978-0-942235-56-2&rft.aulast=Lamppa&rft.aufirst=Marvin+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D88VVAAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIron+Range" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span 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title="Culture of Minnesota">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Minnesota" title="Crime in Minnesota">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Minnesota" title="Demographics of Minnesota">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Minnesota" title="Economy of Minnesota">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Minnesota" title="Education in Minnesota">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Minnesota" class="mw-redirect" title="Homelessness in Minnesota">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Minnesota" title="Law of Minnesota">Law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Minnesota" title="Cannabis in Minnesota">Cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_laws_in_Minnesota" title="Gun laws in Minnesota">Guns</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Minnesota" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Minnesota">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_shows_and_movies_in_Minnesota" title="List of television shows and movies in Minnesota">Movies and TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Minnesota" title="Music of Minnesota">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Minnesota" title="List of newspapers in Minnesota">Newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Minnesota" title="Politics of Minnesota">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Minnesota" title="Religion in Minnesota">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Minnesota" title="Sports in Minnesota">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theater_in_Minnesota" class="mw-redirect" title="Theater in Minnesota">Theater</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Minnesota#Regions" title="Geography of Minnesota">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrowhead_Region" title="Arrowhead Region">Arrowhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boundary_Waters" title="Boundary Waters">Boundary Waters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Ridge" title="Buffalo Ridge">Buffalo Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Minnesota" title="Central Minnesota">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coteau_des_Prairies" title="Coteau des Prairies">Coteau des Prairies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissected_Till_Plains" title="Dissected Till Plains">Dissected Till Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driftless_Area" title="Driftless Area">Driftless Area</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Iron Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_River" title="Minnesota River">Minnesota River Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Shore_(Lake_Superior)" title="North Shore (Lake Superior)">North Shore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Angle" title="Northwest Angle">Northwest Angle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurentian_Mixed_Forest_Province" title="Laurentian Mixed Forest Province">North Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipestone_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Pipestone Region">Pipestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_River_Valley" title="Red River Valley">Red River Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siouxland" title="Siouxland">Siouxland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Minnesota" title="Southeast Minnesota">Southeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minneapolis%E2%80%93Saint_Paul" title="Minneapolis–Saint Paul">Twin Cities metropolitan area</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Minnesota" title="List of cities in Minnesota">Largest cities<br />pop. over 25,000</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andover,_Minnesota" title="Andover, Minnesota">Andover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Valley,_Minnesota" title="Apple Valley, Minnesota">Apple Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin,_Minnesota" title="Austin, Minnesota">Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaine,_Minnesota" title="Blaine, Minnesota">Blaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomington,_Minnesota" title="Bloomington, Minnesota">Bloomington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Center,_Minnesota" title="Brooklyn Center, Minnesota">Brooklyn Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Park,_Minnesota" title="Brooklyn Park, Minnesota">Brooklyn Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burnsville,_Minnesota" title="Burnsville, Minnesota">Burnsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chanhassen,_Minnesota" title="Chanhassen, Minnesota">Chanhassen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaska,_Minnesota" title="Chaska, Minnesota">Chaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coon_Rapids,_Minnesota" title="Coon Rapids, Minnesota">Coon Rapids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cottage_Grove,_Minnesota" title="Cottage Grove, Minnesota">Cottage Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duluth,_Minnesota" title="Duluth, Minnesota">Duluth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagan,_Minnesota" title="Eagan, Minnesota">Eagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eden_Prairie,_Minnesota" title="Eden Prairie, Minnesota">Eden Prairie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edina,_Minnesota" title="Edina, Minnesota">Edina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elk_River,_Minnesota" title="Elk River, Minnesota">Elk River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fridley,_Minnesota" title="Fridley, Minnesota">Fridley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inver_Grove_Heights,_Minnesota" title="Inver Grove Heights, Minnesota">Inver Grove Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakeville,_Minnesota" title="Lakeville, Minnesota">Lakeville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mankato,_Minnesota" title="Mankato, Minnesota">Mankato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maple_Grove,_Minnesota" title="Maple Grove, Minnesota">Maple Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maplewood,_Minnesota" title="Maplewood, Minnesota">Maplewood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnetonka,_Minnesota" title="Minnetonka, Minnesota">Minnetonka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moorhead,_Minnesota" title="Moorhead, Minnesota">Moorhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakdale,_Minnesota" title="Oakdale, Minnesota">Oakdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owatonna,_Minnesota" title="Owatonna, Minnesota">Owatonna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth,_Minnesota" title="Plymouth, Minnesota">Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prior_Lake,_Minnesota" title="Prior Lake, Minnesota">Prior Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsey,_Minnesota" title="Ramsey, Minnesota">Ramsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richfield,_Minnesota" title="Richfield, Minnesota">Richfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochester,_Minnesota" title="Rochester, Minnesota">Rochester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosemount,_Minnesota" title="Rosemount, Minnesota">Rosemount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roseville,_Minnesota" title="Roseville, Minnesota">Roseville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Cloud,_Minnesota" title="St. Cloud, Minnesota">St. Cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Park,_Minnesota" title="St. Louis Park, Minnesota">St. Louis Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul,_Minnesota" title="Saint Paul, Minnesota">Saint Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savage,_Minnesota" title="Savage, Minnesota">Savage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakopee,_Minnesota" title="Shakopee, Minnesota">Shakopee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoreview,_Minnesota" title="Shoreview, Minnesota">Shoreview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winona,_Minnesota" title="Winona, Minnesota">Winona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodbury,_Minnesota" title="Woodbury, Minnesota">Woodbury</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Minnesota" title="List of counties in Minnesota">Counties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aitkin_County,_Minnesota" title="Aitkin County, Minnesota">Aitkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anoka_County,_Minnesota" title="Anoka County, Minnesota">Anoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Becker_County,_Minnesota" title="Becker County, Minnesota">Becker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beltrami_County,_Minnesota" title="Beltrami County, Minnesota">Beltrami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benton_County,_Minnesota" title="Benton County, Minnesota">Benton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Stone_County,_Minnesota" title="Big Stone County, Minnesota">Big Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Earth_County,_Minnesota" title="Blue Earth County, Minnesota">Blue Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_County,_Minnesota" title="Brown County, Minnesota">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlton_County,_Minnesota" title="Carlton County, Minnesota">Carlton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carver_County,_Minnesota" title="Carver County, Minnesota">Carver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cass_County,_Minnesota" title="Cass County, Minnesota">Cass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chippewa_County,_Minnesota" title="Chippewa County, Minnesota">Chippewa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chisago_County,_Minnesota" title="Chisago County, Minnesota">Chisago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clay_County,_Minnesota" title="Clay County, Minnesota">Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clearwater_County,_Minnesota" title="Clearwater County, Minnesota">Clearwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cook_County,_Minnesota" title="Cook County, Minnesota">Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cottonwood_County,_Minnesota" title="Cottonwood County, Minnesota">Cottonwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crow_Wing_County,_Minnesota" title="Crow Wing County, Minnesota">Crow Wing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakota_County,_Minnesota" title="Dakota County, Minnesota">Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodge_County,_Minnesota" title="Dodge County, Minnesota">Dodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_County,_Minnesota" title="Douglas County, Minnesota">Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faribault_County,_Minnesota" title="Faribault County, Minnesota">Faribault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fillmore_County,_Minnesota" title="Fillmore County, Minnesota">Fillmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeborn_County,_Minnesota" title="Freeborn County, Minnesota">Freeborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goodhue_County,_Minnesota" title="Goodhue County, Minnesota">Goodhue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grant_County,_Minnesota" title="Grant County, Minnesota">Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hennepin_County,_Minnesota" title="Hennepin County, Minnesota">Hennepin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_County,_Minnesota" title="Houston County, Minnesota">Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubbard_County,_Minnesota" title="Hubbard County, Minnesota">Hubbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isanti_County,_Minnesota" title="Isanti County, Minnesota">Isanti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itasca_County,_Minnesota" title="Itasca County, Minnesota">Itasca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson_County,_Minnesota" title="Jackson County, Minnesota">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanabec_County,_Minnesota" title="Kanabec County, Minnesota">Kanabec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandiyohi_County,_Minnesota" title="Kandiyohi County, Minnesota">Kandiyohi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kittson_County,_Minnesota" title="Kittson County, Minnesota">Kittson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koochiching_County,_Minnesota" title="Koochiching County, Minnesota">Koochiching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lac_qui_Parle_County,_Minnesota" title="Lac qui Parle County, Minnesota">Lac qui Parle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_County,_Minnesota" title="Lake County, Minnesota">Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_of_the_Woods_County,_Minnesota" title="Lake of the Woods County, Minnesota">Lake of the Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Sueur_County,_Minnesota" title="Le Sueur County, Minnesota">Le Sueur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_County,_Minnesota" title="Lincoln County, Minnesota">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyon_County,_Minnesota" title="Lyon County, Minnesota">Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahnomen_County,_Minnesota" title="Mahnomen County, Minnesota">Mahnomen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_County,_Minnesota" title="Marshall County, Minnesota">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_County,_Minnesota" title="Martin County, Minnesota">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McLeod_County,_Minnesota" title="McLeod County, Minnesota">McLeod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meeker_County,_Minnesota" title="Meeker County, Minnesota">Meeker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mille_Lacs_County,_Minnesota" title="Mille Lacs County, Minnesota">Mille Lacs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morrison_County,_Minnesota" title="Morrison County, Minnesota">Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mower_County,_Minnesota" title="Mower County, Minnesota">Mower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_County,_Minnesota" title="Murray County, Minnesota">Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicollet_County,_Minnesota" title="Nicollet County, Minnesota">Nicollet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobles_County,_Minnesota" title="Nobles County, Minnesota">Nobles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_County,_Minnesota" title="Norman County, Minnesota">Norman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olmsted_County,_Minnesota" title="Olmsted County, Minnesota">Olmsted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otter_Tail_County,_Minnesota" title="Otter Tail County, Minnesota">Otter Tail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennington_County,_Minnesota" title="Pennington County, Minnesota">Pennington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pine_County,_Minnesota" title="Pine County, Minnesota">Pine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipestone_County,_Minnesota" title="Pipestone County, Minnesota">Pipestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polk_County,_Minnesota" title="Polk County, Minnesota">Polk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_County,_Minnesota" title="Pope County, Minnesota">Pope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsey_County,_Minnesota" title="Ramsey County, Minnesota">Ramsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Lake_County,_Minnesota" title="Red Lake County, Minnesota">Red Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redwood_County,_Minnesota" title="Redwood County, Minnesota">Redwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renville_County,_Minnesota" title="Renville County, Minnesota">Renville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_County,_Minnesota" title="Rice County, Minnesota">Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_County,_Minnesota" title="Rock County, Minnesota">Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roseau_County,_Minnesota" title="Roseau County, Minnesota">Roseau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_County,_Minnesota" title="St. Louis County, Minnesota">Saint Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_County,_Minnesota" title="Scott County, Minnesota">Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherburne_County,_Minnesota" title="Sherburne County, Minnesota">Sherburne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibley_County,_Minnesota" title="Sibley County, Minnesota">Sibley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stearns_County,_Minnesota" title="Stearns County, Minnesota">Stearns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steele_County,_Minnesota" title="Steele County, Minnesota">Steele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stevens_County,_Minnesota" title="Stevens County, Minnesota">Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swift_County,_Minnesota" title="Swift County, Minnesota">Swift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Todd_County,_Minnesota" title="Todd County, Minnesota">Todd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traverse_County,_Minnesota" title="Traverse County, Minnesota">Traverse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wabasha_County,_Minnesota" title="Wabasha County, Minnesota">Wabasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadena_County,_Minnesota" title="Wadena County, Minnesota">Wadena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waseca_County,_Minnesota" title="Waseca County, Minnesota">Waseca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_County,_Minnesota" title="Washington County, Minnesota">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watonwan_County,_Minnesota" title="Watonwan County, Minnesota">Watonwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilkin_County,_Minnesota" title="Wilkin County, Minnesota">Wilkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winona_County,_Minnesota" title="Winona County, Minnesota">Winona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wright_County,_Minnesota" title="Wright County, Minnesota">Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Medicine_County,_Minnesota" title="Yellow Medicine County, Minnesota">Yellow Medicine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Minnesota.svg/32px-Flag_of_Minnesota.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Minnesota.svg/48px-Flag_of_Minnesota.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Minnesota.svg/64px-Flag_of_Minnesota.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Minnesota" title="Portal:Minnesota">Minnesota portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Iron_Range&params=47_27_N_92_56_W_region:US_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">47°27′N</span> <span class="longitude">92°56′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">47.450°N 92.933°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">47.450; -92.933</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iron_Range&oldid=1240776146">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iron_Range&oldid=1240776146</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" 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