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<li id="toc-Conquest_and_Republican_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conquest_and_Republican_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Conquest and Republican period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conquest_and_Republican_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mithridatic_and_civil_wars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mithridatic_and_civil_wars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Mithridatic and civil wars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mithridatic_and_civil_wars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Principate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Principate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Principate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Principate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Administration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_Roman_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_Roman_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Later Roman Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_Roman_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_Roman_governors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_Roman_governors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>List of Roman governors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_Roman_governors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_Roman_Correctors_of_the_Free_Cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_Roman_Correctors_of_the_Free_Cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>List of Roman Correctors of the Free Cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_Roman_Correctors_of_the_Free_Cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Achaia (Roman province)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 50 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-50" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">50 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achaea_(Romeinse_provinsie)" title="Achaea (Romeinse provinsie) – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Achaea (Romeinse provinsie)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achaea" title="Achaea – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Achaea" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7_(%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B7%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9)" title="آخايا (مقاطعة رومانية) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="آخايا (مقاطعة رومانية)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axeya_(Roma_%C9%99yal%C9%99ti)" title="Axeya (Roma əyaləti) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Axeya (Roma əyaləti)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achaea" title="Achaea – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Achaea" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%8F_(%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Ахая (римска провинция) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ахая (римска провинция)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achaea_(provi%C3%B1s_roman)" title="Achaea (proviñs roman) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Achaea (proviñs roman)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acaia_(prov%C3%ADncia_romana)" title="Acaia (província romana) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Acaia (província romana)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achaia_(%C5%99%C3%ADmsk%C3%A1_provincie)" title="Achaia (římská provincie) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Achaia (římská provincie)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achaea" title="Achaea – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Achaea" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achaea" title="Achaea – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Achaea" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achaea" title="Achaea – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Achaea" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahhaia_(Rooma_provints)" title="Ahhaia (Rooma provints) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ahhaia (Rooma provints)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%90%CE%B1_(%CF%81%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%87%CE%AF%CE%B1)" title="Αχαΐα (ρωμαϊκή επαρχία) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αχαΐα (ρωμαϊκή επαρχία)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acaya_(provincia_romana)" title="Acaya (provincia romana) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Acaya (provincia romana)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achaea" title="Achaea – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Achaea" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akaia_(erromatar_probintzia)" title="Akaia (erromatar probintzia) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Akaia (erromatar probintzia)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AE%DB%8C%D8%A7_(%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C)" title="آخیا (استان رومی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آخیا (استان رومی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acha%C3%AFe_(province_romaine)" title="Achaïe (province romaine) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Achaïe (province romaine)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acaia_(provincia_romana)" title="Acaia (provincia romana) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Acaia (provincia romana)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8D%87%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%B0_(%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%BC%F0%90%8D%89%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8C%B0_%F0%90%8C%B2%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8D%85%F0%90%8C%B9)" title="𐌰𐍇𐌰𐌹𐌰 (𐍂𐌿𐌼𐍉𐌽𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐍄𐌰 𐌲𐌰𐍅𐌹) – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌰𐍇𐌰𐌹𐌰 (𐍂𐌿𐌼𐍉𐌽𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐍄𐌰 𐌲𐌰𐍅𐌹)" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%B9%B4%EC%9D%B4%EC%95%84_%EC%86%8D%EC%A3%BC" title="아카이아 속주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아카이아 속주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provincia_Achaea" title="Provincia Achaea – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Provincia Achaea" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acaia_(provincia_romana)" title="Acaia (provincia romana) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Acaia (provincia romana)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%90_(%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90)" title="აქაია (რომის პროვინცია) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აქაია (რომის პროვინცია)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achaia_(provincia_Romana)" title="Achaia (provincia Romana) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Achaia (provincia Romana)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achaea" title="Achaea – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Achaea" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achaja_(Romos_provincija)" title="Achaja (Romos provincija) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Achaja (Romos provincija)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achaea" title="Achaea – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Achaea" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B0_(%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Ахаја (римска провинција) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ахаја (римска провинција)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%86_(%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4)" title="अकाइआ (रोमन प्रांत) – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अकाइआ (रोमन प्रांत)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achaea_(Romeinse_provincie)" title="Achaea (Romeinse provincie) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Achaea (Romeinse provincie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%AB%E3%82%A8%E3%82%A2" title="アカエア – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アカエア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achaea_(R%C3%B6%C3%B6msk_Prowins)" title="Achaea (Röömsk Prowins) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Achaea (Röömsk Prowins)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achaea" title="Achaea – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Achaea" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achaja_(prowincja_rzymska)" title="Achaja (prowincja rzymska) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Achaja (prowincja rzymska)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acaia_(prov%C3%ADncia_romana)" title="Acaia (província romana) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Acaia (província romana)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achaia_(provincie_roman%C4%83)" title="Achaia (provincie romană) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Achaia (provincie romană)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D0%B5%D1%8F_(%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Ахея (римская провинция) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ахея (римская провинция)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahaja_(rimska_provinca)" title="Ahaja (rimska provinca) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ahaja (rimska provinca)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B0_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Ахаја (провинција) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ахаја (провинција)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahaja_(rimska_provincija)" title="Ahaja (rimska provincija) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ahaja (rimska provincija)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achaea" title="Achaea – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Achaea" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achaea" title="Achaea – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Achaea" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2_(%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%91%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99)" title="อะเคีย (มณฑลของโรมัน) – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อะเคีย (มณฑลของโรมัน)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achaea" title="Achaea – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Achaea" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%8F_(%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Ахая (римська провінція) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ахая (римська провінція)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AE%DB%8C%D8%A7_(%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%81)" title="آخیا (رومی صوبہ) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آخیا (رومی صوبہ)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akayi" title="Akayi – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Akayi" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%A5%E4%BA%9A_(%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E8%A1%8C%E7%9C%81)" title="亚该亚 (罗马行省) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="亚该亚 (罗马行省)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q204772#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> 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.ib-former-subdiv-flagarms td{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms table{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms tbody tr:first-child td{width:50%;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}</style><table class="infobox ib-former-subdiv vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org">Achaia<br /><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Ἀχαΐα</span></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader category"><a href="/wiki/Roman_province" title="Roman province">Province</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader category">27 BC–7th century</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Roman_Empire_-_Achaia_(125_AD).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Roman_Empire_-_Achaia_%28125_AD%29.svg/220px-Roman_Empire_-_Achaia_%28125_AD%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Roman_Empire_-_Achaia_%28125_AD%29.svg/330px-Roman_Empire_-_Achaia_%28125_AD%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Roman_Empire_-_Achaia_%28125_AD%29.svg/440px-Roman_Empire_-_Achaia_%28125_AD%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2186" data-file-height="1817" /></a></span><br />The province of Achaia within the Roman Empire, c. 125 AD</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data">Corinth</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Historical era</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_history" title="Ancient history">Antiquity</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Separated from the Province of Macedonia </div></th><td class="infobox-data">27 BC</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Reorganized into the <a href="/wiki/Theme_of_Hellas" class="mw-redirect" title="Theme of Hellas">Theme of Hellas</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">7th century</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(Roman_province)" title="Macedonia (Roman province)">Macedonia (Roman province)</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Hellas_(theme)" title="Hellas (theme)">Hellas (theme)</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Simple_Labarum.svg/20px-Simple_Labarum.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Simple_Labarum.svg/30px-Simple_Labarum.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Simple_Labarum.svg/40px-Simple_Labarum.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="127" data-file-height="178" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Peloponnese_(theme)" title="Peloponnese (theme)">Peloponnese (theme)</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Today part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Achaia</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Ἀχαΐα</span>), sometimes spelled <b>Achaea</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a <a href="/wiki/Roman_province" title="Roman province">province</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>, consisting of the <a href="/wiki/Peloponnese" title="Peloponnese">Peloponnese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Attica" title="Attica">Attica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boeotia" title="Boeotia">Boeotia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Euboea" title="Euboea">Euboea</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Cyclades" title="Cyclades">Cyclades</a> and parts of <a href="/wiki/Phthiotis" title="Phthiotis">Phthiotis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aetolia" title="Aetolia">Aetolia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Phocis" title="Phocis">Phocis</a>. In the north, it bordered on the provinces of <a href="/wiki/Epirus_vetus" class="mw-redirect" title="Epirus vetus">Epirus vetus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(Roman_province)" title="Macedonia (Roman province)">Macedonia</a>. The region was annexed by the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman Republic</a> in 146 BC following the sack of <a href="/wiki/Corinth,_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Corinth, Greece">Corinth</a> by the Roman general <a href="/wiki/Lucius_Mummius_Achaicus" title="Lucius Mummius Achaicus">Lucius Mummius</a>, who was awarded the surname "<i>Achaicus</i>" ('conqueror of Achaia'). Initially part of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_province_of_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman province of Macedonia">Roman province of Macedonia</a>, it was made into a separate province by <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a>. </p><p>Achaia was a <a href="/wiki/Senatorial_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Senatorial province">senatorial province</a>, thus free from military men and legions, and one of the most prestigious and sought-after provinces for senators to govern.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Athens was the primary center of education for the imperial elite, rivaled only by Alexandria, and one of the most important cities in the Empire.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Achaia was among the most prosperous and peaceful parts of the Roman world until <a href="/wiki/Late_antiquity" title="Late antiquity">late antiquity</a>, when it first suffered from barbarian invasions. The province remained prosperous and highly urbanized, however, as attested in the 6th-century <i><a href="/wiki/Synecdemus" title="Synecdemus">Synecdemus</a></i>. </p><p>The Slavic invasions of the 7th century led to widespread destruction, with much of the population fleeing to fortified cities, the Aegean islands and Italy, while some Slavic tribes settled the interior. The territories of Achaia remaining in <a href="/wiki/Byzantine" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine">Byzantine</a> hands were grouped into the <a href="/wiki/Theme_(Byzantine_district)" title="Theme (Byzantine district)">theme</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hellas_(theme)" title="Hellas (theme)">Hellas</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Achaia_(Roman_province)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conquest_and_Republican_period">Conquest and Republican period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Achaia_(Roman_province)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Conquest and Republican period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 150–148 BC the Romans fought the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Macedonian_War" title="Fourth Macedonian War">Fourth Macedonian War</a>, after which they annexed <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom)" title="Macedonia (ancient kingdom)">Macedon</a>, formerly the largest and most powerful state in mainland Greece. In 146 BC the <a href="/wiki/Achaean_League" title="Achaean League">Achaean League</a> initiated the <a href="/wiki/Achaean_War" title="Achaean War">Achaean War</a> against Rome. The contemporary historian <a href="/wiki/Polybius" title="Polybius">Polybius</a> blames the demagogues of the cities of the Achaean League for encouraging a rash decision and inciting a suicidal war. The League was quickly defeated by <a href="/wiki/Lucius_Mummius" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucius Mummius">Lucius Mummius</a> and its main city, <a href="/wiki/Corinth" title="Corinth">Corinth</a>, was destroyed. After the war, the Romans annexed mainland Greece. A group of ten commissioners "put down democracies" in the Greek cities (<a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a>) through a programme of "constitutional restructuring"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGirdvainyte2020225_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGirdvainyte2020225-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which involved the introduction of property qualifications for participating in civic politics, temporarily abolished the Achaean, <a href="/wiki/Boeotian_league" class="mw-redirect" title="Boeotian league">Boeotian</a>, Locrian, and Phocaean Leagues, and levied tribute on the individual cities. However, the cities remained mostly self-governing.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGirdvainyte2020212_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGirdvainyte2020212-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Sparta</a>, which had not participated in the war remained autonomous and free. It is disputed whether Greece became part of the Roman province <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(Roman_province)" title="Macedonia (Roman province)">Macedonia</a> or was left unincorporated. Interventions by the governor of Macedonia in Greek affairs are attested, but also the dispatch of separate <a href="/wiki/Roman_legate" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman legate">legates</a> direct from Rome.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGirdvainyte2020217_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGirdvainyte2020217-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Roman governance over the following century remained "rather ad hoc."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGirdvainyte2020218_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGirdvainyte2020218-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dyme_Affair&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dyme Affair (page does not exist)">Dyme Affair</a> of 144 BC, a faction in the city of <a href="/wiki/Dyme" title="Dyme">Dyme</a> passed laws "contrary to the type of government granted by the Romans," staged a revolution, and destroyed their town hall and official records. At the request of the Dymaean town councillors, Quintus Fabius Maximus<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> issued a ruling, sentencing the revolutionaries to death.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGirdvainyte2020217-218,_226_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGirdvainyte2020217-218,_226-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An inscription recording judicial decisions made in the Greek city of <a href="/wiki/Demetrias" title="Demetrias">Demetrias</a> in the mid-second century BC says that the judgements were made in accordance with local law and "the edicts and judgements of the Romans", indicating that Roman law was already considered to apply to the region only a few years after the Achaean War.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGirdvainyte2020216-217_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGirdvainyte2020216-217-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the following decades, many Greek communities sought to establish treaty relationships of "friendship and alliance" with Rome, apparently finding this preferable to free status. Treaties are attested, mostly by inscriptions, with <a href="/wiki/Epidaurus" title="Epidaurus">Epidaurus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Troezen" title="Troezen">Troezen</a> in the late second century BC, <a href="/wiki/Astypalaea" title="Astypalaea">Astypalaea</a> in 105 BC, <a href="/wiki/Thyrium" title="Thyrium">Thyrium</a> in 94 BC. The cities probably sought these treaties as a way of safeguarding their territory from their larger neighbours.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGirdvainyte2020212_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGirdvainyte2020212-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rome was increasingly called upon by the Greek communities to arbitrate in disputes between them, instead of seeking inter-state arbitration as had been common in the Hellenistic period.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGirdvainyte2020213_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGirdvainyte2020213-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In these disputes, "friends and allies" of the Romans were usually favoured.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGirdvainyte2020213_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGirdvainyte2020213-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mithridatic_and_civil_wars">Mithridatic and civil wars</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Achaia_(Roman_province)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Mithridatic and civil wars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/First_Mithridatic_War" title="First Mithridatic War">First Mithridatic War</a> (89–85 BC) was fought in Attica and Boeotia, two regions which were to become part of the province of Achaia. In 89 BC, <a href="/wiki/Mithradates_VI_Eupator" class="mw-redirect" title="Mithradates VI Eupator">Mithradates VI Eupator</a>, king of Pontus, seized the <a href="/wiki/Roman_province_of_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman province of Asia">Roman Province of Asia</a> (in western <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a>). Mithridates then sent <a href="/wiki/Archelaus_(Pontic_army_officer)" title="Archelaus (Pontic army officer)">Archelaus</a> (his leading military commander) to southern Greece, where he established <a href="/wiki/Aristion" title="Aristion">Aristion</a> as a tyrant in Athens. The Roman consul <a href="/wiki/Lucius_Cornelius_Sulla" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucius Cornelius Sulla">Lucius Cornelius Sulla</a> landed in <a href="/wiki/Epirus" title="Epirus">Epirus</a> (in western Greece) and marched on Athens. He marched through <a href="/wiki/Boeotia" title="Boeotia">Boeotia</a> on his way to Attica. Sulla besieged Athens and Piraeus in 87-86 BC and then sacked Athens and destroyed Piraeus. He then defeated Archelaus at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chaeronea_(86_BC)" title="Battle of Chaeronea (86 BC)">Battle of Chaeronea</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Orchomenus" title="Battle of Orchomenus">Battle of Orchomenus</a>, both fought in <a href="/wiki/Boeotia" title="Boeotia">Boeotia</a> in 86 BC. Roman rule was preserved. Following the war, Sulla pardoned the Greek cities that had followed Mithridates and restored the legal systems that had been given to them by the Romans previously.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGirdvainyte2020227_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGirdvainyte2020227-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As the part of the Roman East closest to Italy, Greece was a central theatre of the civil wars of the <a href="/wiki/Late_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Republic">Late Republic</a>. <a href="/wiki/Caesar%27s_civil_war" title="Caesar's civil war">The war</a> between <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pompey_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Pompey the Great">Pompey the Great</a> culminated in Caesar's victory at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pharsalus" title="Battle of Pharsalus">Battle of Pharsalus</a> in Thessaly in 48 BC. in 46 BC, southern Greece was separated out from Macedonia as a separate province for first time by <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a>, who placed it under a <a href="/wiki/Proconsul" title="Proconsul">proconsul</a>, but this was reversed at some point after his assassination in 44 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGirdvainyte2020210_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGirdvainyte2020210-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Caesar also ordered the refoundation of Corinth, abandoned since 146 BC, as a <a href="/wiki/Roman_colony" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman colony">Roman colony</a>. Caesar's assassins, led by <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Junius_Brutus_the_Younger" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcus Junius Brutus the Younger">Marcus Junius Brutus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gaius_Cassius_Longinus" title="Gaius Cassius Longinus">Gaius Cassius Longinus</a>, based themselves in Greece during the <a href="/wiki/Liberators%27_civil_war" title="Liberators' civil war">Liberators' civil war</a>, until their defeat by <a href="/wiki/Octavian" class="mw-redirect" title="Octavian">Octavian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mark_Antony" title="Mark Antony">Mark Antony</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Triumvirate" title="Second Triumvirate">Second Triumvirate</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Philippi" title="Battle of Philippi">Battle of Philippi</a> in 42 BC. After the battle, the Second Triumvirate assigned Greece along with the rest of the East to Mark Antony, who remained in control of it until his defeat by Octavian at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Actium" title="Battle of Actium">Battle of Actium</a> in 31 BC. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Principate">Principate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Achaia_(Roman_province)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Principate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Roman_Empire_125.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Roman_Empire_125.png/350px-Roman_Empire_125.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Roman_Empire_125.png/525px-Roman_Empire_125.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Roman_Empire_125.png/700px-Roman_Empire_125.png 2x" data-file-width="2186" data-file-height="1817" /></a><figcaption>The Roman Empire under <a href="/wiki/Hadrian" title="Hadrian">Hadrian</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 117–138</span>), showing the <a href="/wiki/Senatorial_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Senatorial province">senatorial province</a> of Achaia (southern Greece)</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HADRIANUS_RIC_II_938-789065.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/HADRIANUS_RIC_II_938-789065.jpg/250px-HADRIANUS_RIC_II_938-789065.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/HADRIANUS_RIC_II_938-789065.jpg/375px-HADRIANUS_RIC_II_938-789065.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/HADRIANUS_RIC_II_938-789065.jpg/500px-HADRIANUS_RIC_II_938-789065.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="390" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Sestertius" title="Sestertius">Sestertius</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Hadrian" title="Hadrian">Hadrian</a> celebrating Achaia province.</figcaption></figure> <p>After the defeat of Antony and Cleopatra at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Actium" title="Battle of Actium">Battle of Actium</a>, the Emperor <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a> separated Greece, Thessaly, and part of Epirus from Macedonia in 27 BC. The new province was named Achaia and was a senatorial province (Macedonia remained a senatorial province as well).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGirdvainyte2020210_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGirdvainyte2020210-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In AD 15, Emperor <a href="/wiki/Tiberius" title="Tiberius">Tiberius</a>, responding to complaints of mismanagement by the senatorial proconsul made Achaia and Macedonia Imperial provinces and placed both of them under the control of <a href="/wiki/Gaius_Poppaeus_Sabinus" title="Gaius Poppaeus Sabinus">Gaius Poppaeus Sabinus</a>, the Imperial <a href="/wiki/Procurator_(Ancient_Rome)" class="mw-redirect" title="Procurator (Ancient Rome)">procurator</a> of <a href="/wiki/Moesia" title="Moesia">Moesia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGirdvainyte2020210_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGirdvainyte2020210-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Sabinus' death in AD 35, this situation continued under the new procurator, <a href="/wiki/Publius_Memmius_Regulus" title="Publius Memmius Regulus">Publius Memmius Regulus</a>, until AD 44, when Emperor <a href="/wiki/Claudius" title="Claudius">Claudius</a> separated Macedonia and Achaia once more and restored them to the Senate.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGirdvainyte2020210_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGirdvainyte2020210-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Emperor">Roman Emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Nero" title="Nero">Nero</a> visited Greece in AD 66, and performed at the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Olympic_Games" title="Ancient Olympic Games">Ancient Olympic Games</a>, despite the rules against non-Greek participation. He was honoured with a victory in every contest, and in the following year, he proclaimed the freedom of the Greeks at the <a href="/wiki/Isthmian_Games" title="Isthmian Games">Isthmian Games</a> in Corinth, just as <a href="/wiki/Titus_Quinctius_Flamininus" title="Titus Quinctius Flamininus">Flamininus</a> had over 200 years previously.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGirdvainyte2020210_17-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGirdvainyte2020210-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This grant of freedom was cancelled by <a href="/wiki/Vespasian" title="Vespasian">Vespasian</a>, who is meant to have quipped that "the Greeks had forgotten how to be free."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGirdvainyte2020210_17-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGirdvainyte2020210-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Hadrian" title="Hadrian">Hadrian</a> (117–138) was particularly fond of the Greeks, particularly Athens. He saw himself as an heir to <a href="/wiki/Theseus" title="Theseus">Theseus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pericles" title="Pericles">Pericles</a> and had served as an <a href="/wiki/Eponymous_archon" title="Eponymous archon">eponymous archon</a> of Athens before he became emperor. <sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He carried out constitutional reforms at Athens in 126 and instituted a special 'council of the Panhellenes', where representatives of all Greek states met to discuss religious affairs, in Athens and under Athenian leadership. Hadrian was also responsible for large scale construction projects there, such as the completion of the <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Olympian_Zeus,_Athens" title="Temple of Olympian Zeus, Athens">Temple of Olympian Zeus</a> and the Athenians built the <a href="/wiki/Arch_of_Hadrian_(Athens)" title="Arch of Hadrian (Athens)">Arch of Hadrian</a> in his honour nearby.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Construction was also carried out by local notables, many of whom became Roman citizens and joined the Imperial elite, most notably <a href="/wiki/Herodes_Atticus" title="Herodes Atticus">Herodes Atticus</a>. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Marcomannic_Wars" title="Marcomannic Wars">Marcomannic Wars</a>, in 170 or 171, the <a href="/wiki/Costoboci" title="Costoboci">Costoboci</a> invaded Roman territory, sweeping south through the Balkans to Achaia, where they sacked the sanctuary of Demeter and Persephone at <a href="/wiki/Eleusis" class="mw-redirect" title="Eleusis">Eleusis</a>. Even though much of the invasion force was spent, the local resistance was insufficient and the procurator <a href="/wiki/Lucius_Julius_Vehilius_Gratus_Julianus" title="Lucius Julius Vehilius Gratus Julianus">Lucius Julius Vehilius Gratus Julianus</a> was sent to Greece with a small force to clear out the remnants of the invaders.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Administration">Administration</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Achaia_(Roman_province)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many of the cities in the province, including Athens, <a href="/wiki/Delphi" title="Delphi">Delphi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thespis" title="Thespis">Thespis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Plataea" title="Plataea">Plataea</a>, were "free cities" and did not fall under the authority of the governor. From some time in the reign of <a href="/wiki/Trajan" title="Trajan">Trajan</a> a separate official the <i>corrector</i> was appointed to oversee their affairs. This office was increasingly merged with that of the provincial governor as time went on.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOliver1973_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOliver1973-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Legal cases could be appealed to the governor. He was advised by a "council" (<i>consilium</i>) and often delegated judicial powers to members of the council or other officials. There were also juries of provincials, composed of both Greeks and Roman citizens resident in the province. Cases regarding borders between provinces, free cities, and Roman colonies were usually decided by the emperor.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGirdvainyte2020219_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGirdvainyte2020219-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cases could only be appealed to these authorities if they involved more than a certain amount of money, involved status, or carried the death penalty.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGirdvainyte2020219_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGirdvainyte2020219-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Culture">Culture</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Achaia_(Roman_province)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Pax_Romana" title="Pax Romana">Pax Romana</a> was the longest period of peace in Greek history, and Greece became a major crossroads of maritime trade between Rome and the Greek speaking eastern half of the empire. The <a href="/wiki/Koine_Greek" title="Koine Greek">Greek language</a> served as a <i><a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a></i> in the <a href="/wiki/East" title="East">East</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Roman_Italy" title="Roman Italy">Italy</a>, and many Greek intellectuals such as <a href="/wiki/Galen" title="Galen">Galen</a> would perform most of their work in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>. Roman culture was highly influenced by the Greeks; as <a href="/wiki/Horace" title="Horace">Horace</a> said, <i>Graecia capta ferum victorem cepit</i> ("Captive Greece captured her rude conqueror").<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The epics of <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a> inspired the <i><a href="/wiki/Aeneid" title="Aeneid">Aeneid</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Virgil" title="Virgil">Virgil</a>, and authors such as <a href="/wiki/Seneca_the_Younger" title="Seneca the Younger">Seneca the Younger</a> wrote using Greek styles. Some Roman nobles regarded the contemporary Greeks as backwards and petty, while still embracing the Greeks' <a href="/wiki/Greek_literature" title="Greek literature">literature</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greek_philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek philosophy">philosophy</a>, and heritage.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During this time, Greece and much of the rest of the Roman east came under the influence of <a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early Christianity</a>. The apostle <a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a> <a href="/wiki/Tarsus_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarsus (city)">of Tarsus</a> preached in <a href="/wiki/Philippi" title="Philippi">Philippi</a>, Corinth and Athens, and Greece soon became one of the most highly Christianized areas of the empire. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_Roman_Empire">Later Roman Empire</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Achaia_(Roman_province)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Later Roman Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Greece" title="Byzantine Greece">Byzantine Greece</a></div> <p>Under <a href="/wiki/Diocletian" title="Diocletian">Diocletian</a>, the province of Achaia became a subdivision of the new <a href="/wiki/Roman_diocese" title="Roman diocese">diocese</a> of <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Moesiae" title="Diocese of Moesiae">Moesia</a>. Under Constantine, the diocese was split and Achaia became part of the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Macedonia" title="Diocese of Macedonia">Diocese of Macedonia</a>, which was itself assigned to the <a href="/wiki/Praetorian_prefecture" title="Praetorian prefecture">Praetorian prefecture</a> of <a href="/wiki/Praetorian_prefecture_of_Italy" title="Praetorian prefecture of Italy">Italy</a> or <a href="/wiki/Praetorian_prefecture_of_Illyricum" title="Praetorian prefecture of Illyricum">Illyricum</a> at different points in the fourth century AD. </p><p>In 267, the <a href="/wiki/Heruli" title="Heruli">Heruli</a> led a naval invasion of the <a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea" title="Aegean Sea">Aegean</a>, before landing near <a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Sparta</a> and plundering the <a href="/wiki/Peloponnese" title="Peloponnese">Peloponnese</a>, including not only Sparta, but also <a href="/wiki/Corinth" title="Corinth">Corinth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Argos,_Peloponnese" title="Argos, Peloponnese">Argos</a>, and the sanctuary of Zeus at <a href="/wiki/Olympia,_Greece" title="Olympia, Greece">Olympia</a>. They then moved north and <a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Athens_(267_AD)" title="Sack of Athens (267 AD)">sacked</a> Athens, before being defeated by a local force led by the Athenian <a href="/wiki/Dexippus" title="Dexippus">Dexippus</a>, whose writings were a source for later historians.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the aftermath of this invasion, much of the classical and imperial monuments of Athens were <a href="/wiki/Spolia" title="Spolia">spoliated</a> to build the Post-Herulian wall, which enclosed only a small area around the Acropolis. Although a smaller city, Athens remained a centre of Greek culture and especially of <a href="/wiki/Neo-Platonist" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Platonist">Neo-Platonist</a> pagan philosophy. </p><p>Greece was again invaded in 395 by the <a href="/wiki/Visigoths" title="Visigoths">Visigoths</a> under <a href="/wiki/Alaric_I" title="Alaric I">Alaric I</a>. <a href="/wiki/Stilicho" title="Stilicho">Stilicho</a>, who ruled as a regent for Emperor <a href="/wiki/Arcadius" title="Arcadius">Arcadius</a>, evacuated Thessaly and Arcadius' chief advisor <a href="/wiki/Eutropius_(consul_399)" title="Eutropius (consul 399)">Eutropius</a> allowed Alaric to enter Greece, where he looted Athens, Corinth and the <a href="/wiki/Peloponnese" title="Peloponnese">Peloponnese</a>. Stilicho eventually drove him out around 397 and Alaric was made <a href="/wiki/Magister_militum" title="Magister militum">magister militum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Praetorian_prefecture_of_Illyricum" title="Praetorian prefecture of Illyricum">Illyricum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Greece remained part of the relatively cohesive and robust eastern half of the empire, which eventually became the center of the remaining Roman Empire, the Eastern Roman now referred to as <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>. Contrary to outdated visions of <a href="/wiki/Late_Antiquity" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Antiquity">Late Antiquity</a>, the Greek peninsula was most likely one of the most prosperous regions of the Roman Empire. Older scenarios of poverty, depopulation, barbarian destruction, and civil decay have been revised in light of recent archaeological discoveries.<sup id="cite_ref-corinth_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-corinth-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In fact the <a href="/wiki/Polis" title="Polis">polis</a>, as an institution, appears to have remained prosperous until at least the 6th century. Contemporary texts such as Hierokles' <i>Syndekmos</i> affirm that late antiquity Greece was highly urbanised and contained approximately eighty cities.<sup id="cite_ref-corinth_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-corinth-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This view of extreme prosperity is widely accepted today, and it is assumed between the 4th and 7th centuries AD, Greece may have been one of the most economically active regions in the eastern <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean">Mediterranean</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-corinth_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-corinth-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Achaia_(Roman_province)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Copper, lead, and silver mines were exploited in Achaia, though production was not as great as the mines of other Roman-controlled areas, such as <a href="/wiki/Noricum" title="Noricum">Noricum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Britain" title="Roman Britain">Britannia</a>, and the provinces of Hispania. Marble from Greek quarries was a valuable commodity. </p><p>Educated Greek slaves were much in demand in Rome in the role of doctors and teachers, and educated men were a significant export. Achaia also produced household luxuries, such as furniture, pottery, cosmetics, and linens. Greek olives and olive oil were exported to the rest of the Empire. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_Roman_governors">List of Roman governors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Achaia_(Roman_province)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: List of Roman governors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Publius_Rutilius_Nudus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Publius Rutilius Nudus (page does not exist)">Publius Rutilius Nudus</a> (c. 89 BC);<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaius_Quinctius_Trogus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaius Quinctius Trogus (page does not exist)">Gaius Quinctius, Gaius filius, Trogus</a></i> (50s BC);<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Publius_Rutilius_Lupus_(praetor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Publius Rutilius Lupus (praetor) (page does not exist)">Publius Rutilius Lupus</a> (48 BC);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servius_Sulpicius_Rufus" title="Servius Sulpicius Rufus">Servius Sulpicius Rufus</a> (46—45 BC);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Acilius_Glabrio_(consul_33_BC)" title="Marcus Acilius Glabrio (consul 33 BC)">Manius Acilius Glabrio Caninianus</a> (45—44 BC);</li> <li><i>Mescinius</i> (between 27 BC and AD 14);</li> <li><i>Atidius Geminus</i> (before AD 25);<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaius_Poppaeus_Sabinus" title="Gaius Poppaeus Sabinus">Gaius Poppaeus Sabinus</a> (with Macedonia and Moesia, AD 15–35)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGirdvainyte2020214_n._23_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGirdvainyte2020214_n._23-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Publius_Memmius_Regulus" title="Publius Memmius Regulus">Publius Memmius Regulus</a> (with Macedonia, AD 35–44);<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quintus_Granius_Bassus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quintus Granius Bassus (page does not exist)">Quintus Granius Bassus</a> (between 41 and 54);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Junius_Gallio_Annaeanus" title="Lucius Junius Gallio Annaeanus">Lucius Junius Gallio Annaeanus</a> (before 54);</li> <li><i>Aegeates</i> (c. 70s);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titus_Avidius_Quietus" title="Titus Avidius Quietus">Titus Avidius Quietus</a> (91—92);<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaius_Avidius_Nigrinus_(proconsul)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaius Avidius Nigrinus (proconsul)">Gaius Avidius Nigrinus</a> (c. 90s);</li> <li><i>Armenius Brocchus</i> (c. 90s);</li> <li><i>L. Munatius Gallus</i> (c. 90s);</li> <li><i>M. Mettius Rufus</i> (c. 90s);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Herennius_Saturninus" title="Lucius Herennius Saturninus">Lucius Herennius Saturninus</a> (98—99);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Julius_Marinus_Caecilius_Simplex" title="Lucius Julius Marinus Caecilius Simplex">Lucius Julius Marinus Caecilius Simplex</a> (99—100);</li> <li><i>C. Caristanius Julianus</i> (100—101);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaius_Minicius_Fundanus" title="Gaius Minicius Fundanus">Gaius Minicius Fundanus</a> (between 101 and 103);</li> <li><i>Cassius Longinus</i> (before 109);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaius_Avidius_Nigrinus" title="Gaius Avidius Nigrinus">Gaius Avidius Nigrinus</a> (between 105 and 110);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titus_Calestrius_Tiro_Orbius_Speratus" title="Titus Calestrius Tiro Orbius Speratus">Titus Calestrius Tiro Orbius Speratus</a> (111—112);</li> <li><i>Cassius Maximus</i> (116—117);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaius_Valerius_Severus" title="Gaius Valerius Severus">Gaius Valerius Severus</a> (117—118);</li> <li><i>Clodius Granianus</i> (118—119);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titus_Prifernius_Geminus" title="Titus Prifernius Geminus">T. Prifernius Paetus Rosianus Geminus</a> (122—123);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Antonius_Albus_(proconsul_of_Asia)" title="Lucius Antonius Albus (proconsul of Asia)">Lucius Antonius Albus</a> (127—128);</li> <li><i>C. Julius Severus</i> (133—134);</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaius_Julius_Scapula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaius Julius Scapula (page does not exist)">Gaius Julius Scapula</a> (135—136);</li> <li><i>Julius Candidus</i> (136—137);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Marcius_Celer_Marcus_Calpurnius_Longus" title="Lucius Marcius Celer Marcus Calpurnius Longus">Lucius Marcius Celer Marcus Calpurnius Longus</a> (between 134 and 144);<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quintus_Licinius_Modestinus" title="Quintus Licinius Modestinus">Q. Licinius Modestinus Sex. Attius Labeo</a> (144—145);<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sextus_Quintilius_Condianus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sextus Quintilius Condianus (page does not exist)">Sextus Quintilius Condianus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sextus_Quintilius_Valerius_Maximus" title="Sextus Quintilius Valerius Maximus">Sextus Quintilius Valerius Maximus</a> (together, between 170 and 175);<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOliver197066–72_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOliver197066–72-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucius_Albinus_Saturninus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lucius Albinus Saturninus (page does not exist)">Lucius Albinus Saturninus</a> (between 175 and 182);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaius_Sabucius_Maior_Caecilianus" title="Gaius Sabucius Maior Caecilianus">Gaius Sabucius Maior Caecilianus</a> (184—185);<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucius_Calpurnius_Proculus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lucius Calpurnius Proculus (page does not exist)">Lucius Calpurnius Proculus</a> (184—185);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaius_Caesonius_Macer_Rufinianus" title="Gaius Caesonius Macer Rufinianus">Gaius Caesonius Macer Rufinianus</a> (c. 192);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pupienus" title="Pupienus">Pupienus Maximus</a> (late 2nd century)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaius_Asinius_Protimus_Quadratus" title="Gaius Asinius Protimus Quadratus">Gaius Asinius Protimus Quadratus</a> (between 192 and 211);</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claudius_Demetrius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Claudius Demetrius (page does not exist)">[M.?] Claudius Demetrius</a> (between 193 and 198);</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcus_Aemilius_Saturninus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marcus Aemilius Saturninus (page does not exist)">Marcus Aemilius Saturninus</a> (between 192 and 211);</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcus_Aurelius_Amarantus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marcus Aurelius Amarantus (page does not exist)">Marcus Aurelius Amarantus</a> (between 193 and 211);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Julius_Julianus" title="Lucius Julius Julianus">Lucius Julius Julianus</a> (between 198 and 211);</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurelius_Proculus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aurelius Proculus (page does not exist)">Aurelius Proculus</a> (late 2nd century);</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quintus_Flavius_Balbus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quintus Flavius Balbus (page does not exist)">Quintus Flavius Balbus</a> (between 200 and 213);</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucius_Lucius_Priscillianus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lucius Lucius Priscillianus (page does not exist)">Lucius Lucius Priscillianus</a> (between 211 and 217);</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gnaeus_Claudius_Leonticus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gnaeus Claudius Leonticus (page does not exist)">Gnaeus Claudius Leonticus</a> (first quarter of the 3rd century);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutilius_Pudens_Crispinus" title="Rutilius Pudens Crispinus">Rutilius Pudens Crispinus</a> (234—237);</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcus_Ulpius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marcus Ulpius (page does not exist)">Marcus Ulpius</a> (end of the 2nd/beginning of the 3rd century);</li> <li>[Ge]<i>minius Modestus</i> (between 222 and 235);</li> <li>[...]<i>us Paulinus</i> (during the Severan dynasty);</li> <li>Ti. Claudius Ti. Me[vius P]risc[us J]unior (between 221 and 250):<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valens_Thessalonicus" title="Valens Thessalonicus">Valens Thessalonicus</a> (250s, under Gallienus);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurelius_Valerius_Symmachus_Tullianus" title="Aurelius Valerius Symmachus Tullianus">Aurelius Valerius Symmachus Tullianus</a> (c. 319);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategius_Musonianus" title="Strategius Musonianus">Strategius Musonianus</a> (353);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flavius_Hermogenes" title="Flavius Hermogenes">Flavius Hermogenes</a> (350s);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vettius_Agorius_Praetextatus" title="Vettius Agorius Praetextatus">Vettius Agorius Praetextatus</a> (c. 364).</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_Roman_Correctors_of_the_Free_Cities">List of Roman Correctors of the Free Cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Achaia_(Roman_province)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: List of Roman Correctors of the Free Cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Dates</th> <th>Title</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>Maximus </td> <td>ca. 100-110 </td> <td>Corrector of the free cities </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Younger" title="Pliny the Younger">Pliny</a> <i>Letters</i> 8.24; <a href="/wiki/Arrian" title="Arrian">Arrian</a> <i>Epict.</i> 3.7<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOliver1973403–405_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOliver1973403–405-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gaius_Avidius_Nigrinus" title="Gaius Avidius Nigrinus">Gaius Avidius Nigrinus</a> </td> <td>ca. 114 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Legatus_Augusti_pro_praetore" title="Legatus Augusti pro praetore">Legatus Augusti pro praetore</a> </td> <td><i>FD</i> III 4, no. 290–296; <i><a href="/wiki/Supplementum_Epigraphicum_Graecum" title="Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum">SEG</a></i> 52.139 <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOliver1973403–405_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOliver1973403–405-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Previously governor of Achaia. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Publius_Pactumeius_Clemens" title="Publius Pactumeius Clemens">Publius Pactumeius Clemens</a> </td> <td>ca. 122? </td> <td>Legatus of the Divine Hadrian to Athens, Thespiae, and Plataea </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Corpus_Inscriptionum_Latinarum" title="Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum">CIL</a></i> VIII 7059.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOliver1973403–405_45-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOliver1973403–405-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Son-in-law of governor <a href="/wiki/Titus_Prifernius_Geminus" title="Titus Prifernius Geminus">Titus Prifernius Geminus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Aemilius_Juncus" title="Lucius Aemilius Juncus">Lucius Aemilius Juncus</a> </td> <td>ca. 134 </td> <td>Legatus Augusti pro praetore; Justice-giver; Corrector of the Free Cities </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOliver1973403–405_45-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOliver1973403–405-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Severus </td> <td>ca. 139 </td> <td>Prefect </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Inscriptiones_Graecae" title="Inscriptiones Graecae">IG</a></i> II² 1092<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOliver1973403–405_45-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOliver1973403–405-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sextus_Quintilius_Condianus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sextus Quintilius Condianus (page does not exist)">Sextus Quintilius Condianus</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Sextus_Quintilius_Valerius_Maximus" title="Sextus Quintilius Valerius Maximus">Sextus Quintilius Valerius Maximus</a> </td> <td>ca. 170 and 175 </td> <td>Rulers of Greece </td> <td>Together, combining the role with governorship.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOliver1973403–405_45-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOliver1973403–405-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Claudius Demetrius </td> <td>ca. 193-198 </td> <td>Legatus Augusti pro praetore; Proconsul; Corrector of the Free Cities </td> <td>Combining role with governorship.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOliver1973403–405_45-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOliver1973403–405-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tiberus Claudius Callippianus Italicus </td> <td>ca. 198-211 </td> <td>Legatus Augusti pro praetore; Consular; Corrector of the Free Cities </td> <td><i>IG</i> II² 4215. Combining role with governorship.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOliver1973403–405_45-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOliver1973403–405-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Egnatius Proculus </td> <td>ca. 198-211 </td> <td>Consular; Corrector </td> <td><i>IG</i> V 1, 541.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOliver1973403–405_45-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOliver1973403–405-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tiberius Claudius Suatianus Proculus </td> <td>ca. 200-206 </td> <td>Curator of Athens and Patras </td> <td><i>ILS</i> 9488.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOliver1973403–405_45-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOliver1973403–405-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gnaeus Claudius Leonticus </td> <td>ca. 200-217 </td> <td>Counsular and Corrector of Achaia; Proconsul </td> <td><i>SIG</i><sup>3</sup> 877; <i>FD</i> III 4, 269–271, 331A-B. Combining role with governorship.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOliver1973403–405_45-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOliver1973403–405-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gaius Licinius Telemachus </td> <td>209 </td> <td>Legatus Augusti pro praetore; <a href="/wiki/Clarissimus" class="mw-redirect" title="Clarissimus">Clarissimus</a>; Curator of Athens </td> <td><i>IG</i> II² 1077; 2963. Combining role with governorship?<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOliver1973403–405_45-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOliver1973403–405-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Paulinus </td> <td>ca. 200-235 </td> <td>Governor and Corrector of Greece </td> <td><i>IG</i> V 1, 538.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOliver1973403–405_45-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOliver1973403–405-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Combining role with governorship. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Egnatius_Victor_Lollianus" title="Lucius Egnatius Victor Lollianus">Lucius Egnatius Victor Lollianus</a> </td> <td>ca. 230 </td> <td>Clarissimus Counsular; Corrector of Achaia </td> <td><i>IG</i> VII 2510.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOliver1973403–405_45-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOliver1973403–405-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Achaia_(Roman_province)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to the classical scholar Robert M. Kallet-Marx, if the date of 144 BC is accurate, the Quintus Fabius Maximus in question is almost certainly <a href="/wiki/Quintus_Fabius_Maximus_Servilianus" title="Quintus Fabius Maximus Servilianus">Quintus Fabius Maximus Servilianus</a>. Less likely possibilities include <a href="/wiki/Quintus_Fabius_Maximus_Eburnus" title="Quintus Fabius Maximus Eburnus">Quintus Fabius Maximus Eburnus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quintus_Fabius_Maximus_Aemilianus" title="Quintus Fabius Maximus Aemilianus">Quintus Fabius Maximus Aemilianus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Quintus_Fabius_Maximus_Allobrogicus" title="Quintus Fabius Maximus Allobrogicus">Quintus Fabius Maximus Allobrogicus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Achaia_(Roman_province)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Roman_and_Byzantine_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Roman and Byzantine Greece">History of Roman and Byzantine Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_province" title="Roman province">Roman province</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Achaia_(Roman_province)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barrington Atlas, map 100</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The spelling "Achaea" is based on an erroneous but well-established transliteration of the Greek original (which does not have a diphthong) and in disregard of the Latin spelling (Achaia). The Cambridge University Press's publication <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=USnl3Mm8qqoC&pg=PA1">"Pausanias' Greece"</a> claims (on p.1): "Following modern standard usage, 'Achaia' refers to the Roman province, 'Achaea' to an area of the northern Peloponnese." Furthermore, Oliver (1983) <i>The Civic Tradition and Roman Athens</i>, p. 152 n. 6: 'The name of the province is <i>Achaia</i>. [...] It is so spelled in good manuscripts of [Tacitus, Suetonius, and Seneca] and all Latin inscriptions.' The transliteration "Akhaïa" of the (Ancient and Modern) Greek is sometimes used in English, for example by the Encyclopædia Britannica and the Collins English Dictionary as an alternative to "Achaea".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Roman provincial coinage: Τόμος 1, Andrew Burnett, <a href="/wiki/Michel_Amandry" title="Michel Amandry">Michel Amandry</a>, Pere Pau Ripollés Alegre - 2003</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGirdvainyte2020225-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGirdvainyte2020225_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGirdvainyte2020">Girdvainyte 2020</a>, p. 225.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGirdvainyte2020212-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGirdvainyte2020212_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGirdvainyte2020212_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGirdvainyte2020">Girdvainyte 2020</a>, p. 212.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGirdvainyte2020217-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGirdvainyte2020217_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGirdvainyte2020">Girdvainyte 2020</a>, p. 217.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGirdvainyte2020218-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGirdvainyte2020218_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGirdvainyte2020">Girdvainyte 2020</a>, p. 218.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKallet-Marx1995" class="citation journal cs1">Kallet-Marx, Robert M. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/639723">"Quintus Fabius Maximus and the Dyme Affair (Syll. 684)"</a>. <i>The Classical Quarterly</i>. <b>45</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">141–</span>143. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0009838800041756">10.1017/S0009838800041756</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/639723">639723</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:170256313">170256313</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Classical+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Quintus+Fabius+Maximus+and+the+Dyme+Affair+%28Syll.+684%29&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E141-%3C%2Fspan%3E143&rft.date=1995&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A170256313%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F639723%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0009838800041756&rft.aulast=Kallet-Marx&rft.aufirst=Robert+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F639723&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAchaia+%28Roman+province%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGirdvainyte2020217-218,_226-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGirdvainyte2020217-218,_226_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGirdvainyte2020">Girdvainyte 2020</a>, p. 217-218, 226.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGirdvainyte2020216-217-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGirdvainyte2020216-217_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGirdvainyte2020">Girdvainyte 2020</a>, p. 216-217.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGirdvainyte2020213-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGirdvainyte2020213_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGirdvainyte2020213_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGirdvainyte2020">Girdvainyte 2020</a>, p. 213.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Appian" title="Appian">Appian</a> <i>Mithridatic Wars</i> 6.39</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGirdvainyte2020227-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGirdvainyte2020227_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGirdvainyte2020">Girdvainyte 2020</a>, p. 227.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGirdvainyte2020210-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGirdvainyte2020210_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGirdvainyte2020210_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGirdvainyte2020210_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGirdvainyte2020210_17-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGirdvainyte2020210_17-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGirdvainyte2020210_17-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGirdvainyte2020">Girdvainyte 2020</a>, p. 210.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tacitus, <i>Annals</i>.1.76</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Suetonius, <i>Life of Claudius</i>, 25.3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Kouremenos, Anna 2022. "Introduction: Collective Historical Nostalgia in 2nd Century Achaea". In A. Kouremenos (Ed) <i>The Province of Achaea in the 2nd Century CE: The Past Present</i>. London: Routledge. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kouremenos, Anna 2022. "'The City of Hadrian and not of Theseus': A Cultural History of Hadrian's Arch". In A. Kouremenos (Ed) <i>The Province of Achaea in the 2nd Century CE: The Past Present</i>. London: Routledge.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBirley2000" class="citation book cs1">Birley, Anthony R. (2000) [1987]. <i>Marcus Aurelius: A Biography</i> (2 ed.). 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Völker im Alpen- und Donauraum (300-600)</i></a>. Kohlhammer Verlag. pp. <span class="nowrap">58–</span>60. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783170251700" title="Special:BookSources/9783170251700"><bdi>9783170251700</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rom+und+die+Barbaren.+V%C3%B6lker+im+Alpen-+und+Donauraum+%28300-600%29&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E58-%3C%2Fspan%3E60&rft.pub=Kohlhammer+Verlag&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9783170251700&rft.aulast=Steinacher&rft.aufirst=Roland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRIt4DwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAchaia+%28Roman+province%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKulikowski2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Kulikowski" title="Michael Kulikowski">Kulikowski, Michael</a> (2006). <i>Rome's Gothic Wars: From the Third Century to Alaric</i>. Cambridge and New York: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. p. 127. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-84633-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-84633-2"><bdi>978-0-521-84633-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rome%27s+Gothic+Wars%3A+From+the+Third+Century+to+Alaric&rft.place=Cambridge+and+New+York&rft.pages=127&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-521-84633-2&rft.aulast=Kulikowski&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAchaia+%28Roman+province%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-corinth-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-corinth_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-corinth_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-corinth_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rothaus, Richard M. <i>Corinth: The First City of Greece</i>. Brill, 2000. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-10922-6" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-10922-6">90-04-10922-6</a>, p. 10. "The question of the continuity of civic institutions and the nature of the <i>polis</i> in the late antique and early Byzantine world have become a vexed question, for a variety of reasons. Students of this subject continue to contend with scholars of earlier periods who adhere to a much-outdated vision of late antiquity as a decadent decline into impoverished fragmentation. The cities of late-antique Greece displayed a marked degree of continuity. Scenarios of barbarian destruction, civic decay, and manorialization simply do not fit. In fact, the city as an institution appears to have prospered in Greece during this period. It was not until the end of the 6th century (and maybe not even then) that the dissolution of the city became a problem in Greece. If the early 6th century <i>Syndekmos</i> of Hierokles is taken at face value, late-antique Greece was highly urbanized and contained approximately eighty cities. This extreme prosperity is born out by recent archaeological surveys in the Aegean. For late-antique Greece, a paradigm of prosperity and transformation is more accurate and useful than a paradigm of decline and fall."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Bingen, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.persee.fr/doc/bch_0007-4217_1954_num_78_1_2434">Inscriptions d’Achaïe</a>, <i>Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique</i>, 78 (1954), pp. 82—85</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/L%27Ann%C3%A9e_%C3%A9pigraphique" title="L'Année épigraphique">AE</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi_einzel_en.php?p_belegstelle=AE+1954%2C+00031&r_sortierung=Belegstelle">1954, 31</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Corpus_Inscriptionum_Latinarum" title="Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum">CIL</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi_einzel_en.php?p_belegstelle=CIL+01%2C+02955&r_sortierung=Belegstelle">I, 2955</a>;</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">R. Sherk, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PnP7LdsgrIoC&dq=CIL+Magie+RRAM+I+325,+n.+8&pg=PA51">Rome and the Greek East to the Death of Augustus</a></i> (Cambridge: University Press, 1984), vol. IV pp. 50—51;</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jeanne Robert & Louis Robert, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_1979_num_92_438_4248">"Bulletin épigraphique"</a>, <i>Revue des Études Grecques</i>, 92 (1979), pp. 413—541, p. 444 n. 205</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/T._Corey_Brennan" title="T. Corey Brennan">T. Corey Brennan</a>, <i>The Praetorship in The Roman Republic</i> (Oxford: University Press, 2000), Vol. II p. 894 n. 100</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Tacitus" title="Tacitus">Tacitus</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Annales_(Tacitus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Annales (Tacitus)">Annales</a></i>, iv.43; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas_Elliott2004" class="citation thesis cs1">Thomas Elliott (2004). <i>Epigraphic Evidence for Boundary Disputes in the Roman Empire</i> (PhD). University of North Carolina. p. 74-79.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Epigraphic+Evidence+for+Boundary+Disputes+in+the+Roman+Empire&rft.inst=University+of+North+Carolina&rft.date=2004&rft.au=Thomas+Elliott&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAchaia+%28Roman+province%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGirdvainyte2020214_n._23-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGirdvainyte2020214_n._23_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGirdvainyte2020">Girdvainyte 2020</a>, p. 214 n. 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMelfi2007" class="citation book cs1">Melfi, Milena (2007). <i>I santuari di Asclepio in Grecia</i>. Roma: L'Erma di Bretschneider. p. 76. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788882653477" title="Special:BookSources/9788882653477"><bdi>9788882653477</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=I+santuari+di+Asclepio+in+Grecia&rft.place=Roma&rft.pages=76&rft.pub=L%27Erma+di+Bretschneider&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9788882653477&rft.aulast=Melfi&rft.aufirst=Milena&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAchaia+%28Roman+province%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Unless otherwise noted, governors from 91/92 to 136/137 are taken from Werner Eck, "Jahres- und Provinzialfasten der senatorischen Statthalter von 69/70 bis 138/139", <i><a href="/wiki/Chiron_(journal)" title="Chiron (journal)">Chiron</a></i>, <b>12</b> (1982), pp. 281-362; <b>13</b> (1983), pp. 147-237.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Werner Eck, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/20187449">L. Marcius Celer M. Calpurnius Longus Prokonsul von Achaia und Suffektkonsul unter Hadrian</a>", in <i><a href="/wiki/Zeitschrift_f%C3%BCr_Papyrologie_und_Epigraphik" title="Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik">Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik</a></i>, 86 (1991), pp. 97–106.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Giuseppe Camodeca, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/20189807">Una nuova coppia di consoli del 148 e il proconsul Achaiae M. Calpurnius Longus</a>", in <i>Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik</i>, 112 (1996), pp. 235–240.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Unless otherwise noted, governors from 144 to 182 are taken from Géza Alföldy, <i>Konsulat und Senatorenstand unter der Antoninen</i> (Bonn: Rudolf Habelt Verlag, 1977), pp. 260-262</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOliver197066–72-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOliver197066–72_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOliver1970">Oliver 1970</a>, pp. 66–72.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Unless otherwise noted, governors from 184 to about 235 are taken from Paul M. M. Leunissen, <i>Konsuln und Konsulare in der Zeit von Commodus bis Severus Alexander</i> (Amsterdam: J.C. Gieben, 1989), pp. 293-296</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Corpus_Inscriptionum_Latinarum" title="Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum">CIL</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi_einzel_en.php?p_belegstelle=CIL+10%2C+03723&r_sortierung=Belegstelle">X, 3723</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOliver1973403–405-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOliver1973403–405_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOliver1973403–405_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOliver1973403–405_45-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOliver1973403–405_45-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOliver1973403–405_45-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOliver1973403–405_45-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOliver1973403–405_45-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOliver1973403–405_45-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOliver1973403–405_45-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOliver1973403–405_45-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOliver1973403–405_45-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOliver1973403–405_45-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOliver1973403–405_45-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOliver1973403–405_45-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOliver1973">Oliver 1973</a>, pp. 403–405.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eck, "Jahres- und Provinzialfasten der senatorischen Statthalter von 69/70 bis 138/139", <i><a href="/wiki/Chiron_(journal)" title="Chiron (journal)">Chiron</a></i>, 13 (1983), p. 157</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Achaia_(Roman_province)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGirdvainyte2020" class="citation book cs1">Girdvainyte, Lina (2020). "Law and Citizenship in Roman Achaia: Continuity and Change". In Czakowski, Kimberley; Eckhardt, Benedikt (eds.). <i>Law in the Roman provinces</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">210–</span>242. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-884408-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-884408-2"><bdi>978-0-19-884408-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Law+and+Citizenship+in+Roman+Achaia%3A+Continuity+and+Change&rft.btitle=Law+in+the+Roman+provinces&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E210-%3C%2Fspan%3E242&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-0-19-884408-2&rft.aulast=Girdvainyte&rft.aufirst=Lina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAchaia+%28Roman+province%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Kouremenos, Anna (Ed) 2022. <i>The Province of Achaea in the 2nd Century CE: The Past Present</i>. London: Routledge. ISBN 9781032014852</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOliver1973" class="citation journal cs1">Oliver, James H. (1973). "Imperial Commissioners in Achaia". <i>Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies</i>. <b>14</b>: <span class="nowrap">389–</span>405.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Greek%2C+Roman%2C+and+Byzantine+Studies&rft.atitle=Imperial+Commissioners+in+Achaia&rft.volume=14&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E389-%3C%2Fspan%3E405&rft.date=1973&rft.aulast=Oliver&rft.aufirst=James+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAchaia+%28Roman+province%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOliver1970" class="citation book cs1">Oliver, J. H. (1970). <i>Marcus Aurelius: : Aspects of Civic and Cultural Policy</i>. Princeton.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marcus+Aurelius%3A+%3A+Aspects+of+Civic+and+Cultural+Policy&rft.place=Princeton&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Oliver&rft.aufirst=J.+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAchaia+%28Roman+province%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Roman_provinces_AD_117" title="Template:Roman provinces AD 117"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Roman_provinces_AD_117" title="Template talk:Roman provinces AD 117"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Roman_provinces_AD_117" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Roman provinces AD 117"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Provinces_of_the_early_Roman_Empire_(117_AD)239" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Roman_province#The_Roman_provinces_in_117" title="Roman province">Provinces of the early Roman Empire <small>(117 AD)</small></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Achaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt_(Roman_province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Egypt (Roman province)">Aegyptus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Africa_(Roman_province)" title="Africa (Roman province)">Africa proconsularis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpes_Cottiae" title="Alpes Cottiae">Alpes Cottiae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpes_Maritimae" title="Alpes Maritimae">Alpes Maritimae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpes_Graiae_et_Poeninae" title="Alpes Graiae et Poeninae">Alpes Graiae et Poeninae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabia_Petraea" title="Arabia Petraea">Arabia Petraea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Armenia" title="Roman Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia_(Roman_province)" title="Asia (Roman province)">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyria_(Roman_province)" title="Assyria (Roman province)">Assyria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bithynia_and_Pontus" title="Bithynia and Pontus">Bithynia and Pontus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Britain" title="Roman Britain">Britannia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappadocia_(Roman_province)" title="Cappadocia (Roman province)">Cappadocia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cilicia_(Roman_province)" title="Cilicia (Roman province)">Cilicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corsica_and_Sardinia" class="mw-redirect" title="Corsica and Sardinia">Corsica and Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crete_and_Cyrenaica" title="Crete and Cyrenaica">Crete and Cyrenaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Cyprus" title="Roman Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Dacia" title="Roman Dacia">Dacia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalmatia_(Roman_province)" title="Dalmatia (Roman province)">Dalmatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epirus_(Roman_province)" title="Epirus (Roman province)">Epirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galatia_(Roman_province)" title="Galatia (Roman province)">Galatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallia_Aquitania" title="Gallia Aquitania">Gallia Aquitania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallia_Belgica" title="Gallia Belgica">Gallia Belgica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallia_Lugdunensis" title="Gallia Lugdunensis">Gallia Lugdunensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallia_Narbonensis" title="Gallia Narbonensis">Gallia Narbonensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germania_Inferior" title="Germania Inferior">Germania Inferior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germania_Superior" title="Germania Superior">Germania Superior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispania_Baetica" title="Hispania Baetica">Hispania Baetica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lusitania" title="Lusitania">Hispania Lusitania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispania_Tarraconensis" title="Hispania Tarraconensis">Hispania Tarraconensis</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roman_Italy" title="Roman Italy">Italia</a></i> <sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaea_(Roman_province)" title="Judaea (Roman province)">Iudaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycia_et_Pamphylia" title="Lycia et Pamphylia">Lycia et Pamphylia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(Roman_province)" title="Macedonia (Roman province)">Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauretania_Caesariensis" title="Mauretania Caesariensis">Mauretania Caesariensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauretania_Tingitana" title="Mauretania Tingitana">Mauretania Tingitana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia_(Roman_province)" title="Mesopotamia (Roman province)">Mesopotamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moesia" title="Moesia">Moesia Inferior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moesia" title="Moesia">Moesia Superior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noricum" title="Noricum">Noricum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannonia_Inferior" title="Pannonia Inferior">Pannonia Inferior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannonia_Superior" title="Pannonia Superior">Pannonia Superior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raetia" title="Raetia">Raetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilia_(Roman_province)" title="Sicilia (Roman province)">Sicilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Syria" title="Roman Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thracia_(Roman_province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thracia (Roman province)">Thracia</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RomanEmpire_117.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Roman Empire at its greatest extent, at the death of Trajan (117 AD)"><img alt="The Roman Empire at its greatest extent, at the death of Trajan (117 AD)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/RomanEmpire_117.svg/150px-RomanEmpire_117.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/RomanEmpire_117.svg/225px-RomanEmpire_117.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/RomanEmpire_117.svg/300px-RomanEmpire_117.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="376" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><sup>†</sup> Italy was never constituted as a province, instead retaining a special juridical status until <a href="/wiki/Diocletian" title="Diocletian">Diocletian</a>'s reforms.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Roman_governors34" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Roman_governors" title="Template:Roman governors"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Roman_governors" title="Template talk:Roman governors"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Roman_governors" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Roman governors"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Roman_governors34" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Roman_governor" title="Roman governor">Roman governors</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Achaia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Roman governors of Achaia">Achaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Roman_Egypt" title="List of governors of Roman Egypt">Aegyptus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Africa" title="List of Roman governors of Africa">Africa proconsularis</a></li> <li>Alpes (<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Roman_governors_of_Alpes_Cottiae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Roman governors of Alpes Cottiae (page does not exist)">Alpes Cottiae</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Roman_governors_of_Alpes_Maritimae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Roman governors of Alpes Maritimae (page does not exist)">Alpes Maritimae</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Roman_governors_of_Alpes_Poeninae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Roman governors of Alpes Poeninae (page does not exist)">Alpes Poeninae</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Arabia_Petraea" title="List of Roman governors of Arabia Petraea">Arabia Petraea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Roman_governors_of_Roman_Armenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Roman governors of Roman Armenia (page does not exist)">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Asia" title="List of Roman governors of Asia">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Roman_governors_of_Assyria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Roman governors of Assyria (page does not exist)">Assyria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Bithynia_and_Pontus" title="List of Roman governors of Bithynia and Pontus">Bithynia and Pontus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Roman_Britain" title="List of governors of Roman Britain">Britannia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Cappadocia" title="List of Roman governors of Cappadocia">Cappadocia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Cilicia" title="List of Roman governors of Cilicia">Cilicia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Roman_governors_of_Corsica_and_Sardinia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Roman governors of Corsica and Sardinia (page does not exist)">Corsica and Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Crete_et_Cyrernaica" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Roman governors of Crete et Cyrernaica">Crete and Cyrenaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Roman_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Roman governors of Roman Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Dacia_Traiana" title="List of Roman governors of Dacia Traiana">Dacia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Dalmatia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Roman governors of Dalmatia">Dalmatia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Roman_governors_of_Epirus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Roman governors of Epirus (page does not exist)">Epirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Galatia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Roman governors of Galatia">Galatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Republican_governors_of_Gaul" title="Roman Republican governors of Gaul">Gaul</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Gallia_Aquitania" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Roman governors of Gallia Aquitania">Gallia Aquitania</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Gallia_Belgica" title="List of Roman governors of Gallia Belgica">Gallia Belgica</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Gallia_Lugdunensis" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Roman governors of Gallia Lugdunensis">Gallia Lugdunensis</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Gallia_Narbonensis" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Roman governors of Gallia Narbonensis">Gallia Narbonensis</a>)</li> <li>Germania (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Germania_Inferior" title="List of Roman governors of Germania Inferior">Germania Inferior</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Germania_Superior" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Roman governors of Germania Superior">Germania Superior</a>)</li> <li>Hispania (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Hispania_Baetica" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Roman governors of Hispania Baetica">Hispania Baetica</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Hispania_Tarraconensis" title="List of Roman governors of Hispania Tarraconensis">Hispania Tarraconensis</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_administration_of_Judaea_(AD_6%E2%80%93135)" title="Roman administration of Judaea (AD 6–135)">Judaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Lusitania" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Roman governors of Lusitania">Lusitania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Lycia_et_Pamphylia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Roman governors of Lycia et Pamphylia">Lycia et Pamphylia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Roman governors of Macedonia">Macedonia</a></li> <li>Mauretania (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Mauretania_Caesariensis" title="List of Roman governors of Mauretania Caesariensis">Mauretania Caesariensis</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Mauretania_Tingitana" title="List of Roman governors of Mauretania Tingitana">Mauretania Tingitana</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Roman_governors_of_Mesopotamia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Roman governors of Mesopotamia (page does not exist)">Mesopotamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Moesia" title="List of Roman governors of Moesia">Moesia</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Lower_Moesia" title="List of Roman governors of Lower Moesia">Moesia Inferior</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Upper_Moesia" title="List of Roman governors of Upper Moesia">Moesia Superior</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Noricum" title="List of Roman governors of Noricum">Noricum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Pannonia" title="List of Roman governors of Pannonia">Pannonia</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Pannonia_Inferior" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Roman governors of Pannonia Inferior">Pannonia Inferior</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Pannonia_Superior" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Roman governors of Pannonia Superior">Pannonia Superior</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Raetia" title="List of Roman governors of Raetia">Raetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Sicilia" title="List of Roman governors of Sicilia">Sicilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Syria" title="List of Roman governors of Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Thracia" title="List of Roman governors of Thracia">Thracia</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RomanEmpire_117.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Roman Empire at its greatest extent, at the death of Trajan (117 AD)"><img alt="The Roman Empire at its greatest extent, at the death of Trajan (117 AD)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/RomanEmpire_117.svg/150px-RomanEmpire_117.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/RomanEmpire_117.svg/225px-RomanEmpire_117.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/RomanEmpire_117.svg/300px-RomanEmpire_117.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="376" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Achaia_(Roman_province)&params=38.7200_N_22.5400_E_source:wikidata"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">38°43′12″N</span> <span class="longitude">22°32′24″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">38.7200°N 22.5400°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">38.7200; 22.5400</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204772#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1161" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204772#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1161" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204772#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/132739432">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1243555726">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2006002121">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Achaia (Řecko)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge117349&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810613157905606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007465441405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/981502">Pleiades</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Achaia_(Roman_province)&oldid=1277593373">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Achaia_(Roman_province)&oldid=1277593373</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" 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