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Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B7_%D8%A3%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A9_870" title="خطوط أيتافيا الجوية الرحلة 870 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خطوط أيتافيا الجوية الرحلة 870" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Let_Itavia_870" title="Let Itavia 870 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Let Itavia 870" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerolinee_Itavia_Flight_870" title="Aerolinee Itavia Flight 870 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Aerolinee Itavia Flight 870" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerolinee-Itavia-Flug_870" title="Aerolinee-Itavia-Flug 870 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Aerolinee-Itavia-Flug 870" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuelo_870_de_Aerolinee_Itavia" title="Vuelo 870 de Aerolinee Itavia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vuelo 870 de Aerolinee Itavia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trag%C3%A9die_d%27Ustica" title="Tragédie d'Ustica – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tragédie d'Ustica" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%ED%83%80%EB%B9%84%EC%95%84_%ED%95%AD%EA%B3%B5_870%ED%8E%B8_%EC%B6%94%EB%9D%BD_%EC%82%AC%EA%B3%A0" title="이타비아 항공 870편 추락 사고 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이타비아 항공 870편 추락 사고" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zrakoplovna_nesre%C4%87a_Aerolinee_Itavia_870" title="Zrakoplovna nesreća Aerolinee Itavia 870 – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zrakoplovna nesreća Aerolinee Itavia 870" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerolinee_Itavia_Penerbangan_870" title="Aerolinee Itavia Penerbangan 870 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Aerolinee Itavia Penerbangan 870" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strage_di_Ustica" title="Strage di Ustica – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Strage di Ustica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Az_Itavia_870-es_j%C3%A1rat%C3%A1nak_katasztr%C3%B3f%C3%A1ja" title="Az Itavia 870-es járatának katasztrófája – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Az Itavia 870-es járatának katasztrófája" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerolinee_Itavia-vlucht_870" title="Aerolinee Itavia-vlucht 870 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Aerolinee Itavia-vlucht 870" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%BF%E3%83%93%E3%82%A2%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA870%E4%BE%BF%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="イタビア航空870便事件 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イタビア航空870便事件" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katastrofa_lotu_Aerolinee_Itavia_870" title="Katastrofa lotu Aerolinee Itavia 870 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Katastrofa lotu Aerolinee Itavia 870" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voo_Aerolinee_Itavia_870" title="Voo Aerolinee Itavia 870 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Voo Aerolinee Itavia 870" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B0_DC-9_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Катастрофа DC-9 над Тирренским морем – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Катастрофа DC-9 над Тирренским морем" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerolinee_Itavia_let_870" title="Aerolinee Itavia let 870 – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Aerolinee Itavia let 870" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA870%E5%8F%B7%E7%8F%AD%E6%9C%BA%E7%A9%BA%E9%9A%BE" title="意大利国内航空870号班机空难 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="意大利国内航空870号班机空难" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Itavia_Flight_870&params=38.839494_N_13.425293_E_type:event_region:IT"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">38°50′22″N</span> <span class="longitude">13°25′31″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">38.839494°N 13.425293°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">38.839494; 13.425293</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1980 aviation accident in Italy</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard vevent"><caption class="infobox-title fn org summary" style="padding-bottom:0.3em;">Itavia Flight 870</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:I-TIGI_Londra-Luton_1980.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/I-TIGI_Londra-Luton_1980.jpg/250px-I-TIGI_Londra-Luton_1980.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/I-TIGI_Londra-Luton_1980.jpg/375px-I-TIGI_Londra-Luton_1980.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/I-TIGI_Londra-Luton_1980.jpg/500px-I-TIGI_Londra-Luton_1980.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:1.3em;">I-TIGI, the aircraft involved in the accident, two months before the crash</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #082567; color: white">Accident</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">Date</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">27 June 1980</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">Summary</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Crashed into the sea; cause disputed</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">Site</th><td class="infobox-data flabel location" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Tyrrhenian_Sea" title="Tyrrhenian Sea">Tyrrhenian Sea</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Ustica" title="Ustica">Ustica</a>, Italy <br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Itavia_Flight_870&params=38.839494_N_13.425293_E_type:event_region:IT"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">38°50′22″N</span> <span class="longitude">13°25′31″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">38.839494°N 13.425293°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">38.839494; 13.425293</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #082567; color: white">Aircraft</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">Aircraft type</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-9-15" class="mw-redirect" title="Douglas DC-9-15">Douglas DC-9-15</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">Operator</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Itavia" title="Itavia">Itavia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">IATA flight No.</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">IH870</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">ICAO flight No.</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">IHS870</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">Call sign</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">ITAVIA 870</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_registration" title="Aircraft registration">Registration</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19800627-0">I-TIGI</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">Flight origin</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Bologna_Guglielmo_Marconi_Airport" title="Bologna Guglielmo Marconi Airport">Bologna Guglielmo Marconi Airport</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">Destination</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Palermo_Punta_Raisi_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Palermo Punta Raisi Airport">Palermo Punta Raisi Airport</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">Occupants</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">81</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">Passengers</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">77</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">Crew</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">4</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">Fatalities</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">81</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">Survivors</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">0</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>On 27 June 1980, <b>Itavia Flight 870</b> (IH 870, AJ 421), a <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9" title="McDonnell Douglas DC-9">Douglas DC-9</a> passenger jet en route from <a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a> to <a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a>, Italy, crashed into the <a href="/wiki/Tyrrhenian_Sea" title="Tyrrhenian Sea">Tyrrhenian Sea</a> between the islands of <a href="/wiki/Ponza" title="Ponza">Ponza</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ustica" title="Ustica">Ustica</a> at 20:59 <a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>, killing all 81 occupants on board. </p><p>Known in Italy as the <b>Ustica massacre</b> ("strage di Ustica"), the disaster led to numerous investigations, as well as legal actions and accusations; it continues to be a source of controversy, including claims of conspiracy by the Government of Italy and others. <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Cossiga" title="Francesco Cossiga">Francesco Cossiga</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Italy" title="Prime Minister of Italy">Prime Minister of Italy</a> at the time, attributed the crash to accidental shooting down by a French missile during a <a href="/wiki/Dogfight" title="Dogfight">dogfight</a> between <a href="/wiki/Libyan_Air_Force" title="Libyan Air Force">Libyan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Armee_de_L%27air" class="mw-redirect" title="Armee de L'air">French</a> fighter jets. In September 2023, former Italian prime minister <a href="/wiki/Giuliano_Amato" title="Giuliano Amato">Giuliano Amato</a> declared that the accident was "part of a plan to shoot down the airplane of <a href="/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi" title="Muammar Gaddafi">Gaddafi</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aircraft">Aircraft</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Itavia_Flight_870&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Aircraft"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="locmap noviewer noresize thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:242px"><div style="position:relative;width:240px;border:1px solid lightgray"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Itavia Flight 870 is located in Italy"><img alt="Itavia Flight 870 is located in Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg/240px-Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg/360px-Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg/480px-Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1034" data-file-height="1299" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:23.675%;left:39.755%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bologna Guglielmo Marconi"><img alt="Bologna Guglielmo Marconi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/8px-Green_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/12px-Green_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/16px-Green_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>Bologna Guglielmo Marconi</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:63.499%;left:52.474%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-5px;top:-5px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Crash site"><img alt="Crash site" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Airplane_silhouette.svg/10px-Airplane_silhouette.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Airplane_silhouette.svg/15px-Airplane_silhouette.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Airplane_silhouette.svg/20px-Airplane_silhouette.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:6px"><div>Crash site</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:76.182%;left:53.902%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Palermo Punta Raisi"><img alt="Palermo Punta Raisi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>Palermo Punta Raisi</div></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg" title="File:Italy provincial location map 2016.svg">class=notpageimage| </a></div>The location of the crash site between the departure and destination airports</div></div></div> <p>The aircraft involved was a <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9" title="McDonnell Douglas DC-9">Douglas DC-9-15</a> flown as <a href="/wiki/Itavia" title="Itavia">Aerolinee Itavia</a> Flight 870, was manufactured in 1966 and acquired by the airline on 27 February 1972 with the <a href="/wiki/Serial_number" title="Serial number">serial number</a> 45724 and <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_registration" title="Aircraft registration">registered</a> as I-TIGI (formerly N902H,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> operated by <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Airlines" title="Hawaiian Airlines">Hawaiian Airlines</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Disaster">Disaster</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Itavia_Flight_870&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Disaster"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 27 June 1980 at 20:08 CEST, the aircraft departed with a delay of one hour and 53 minutes from <a href="/wiki/Bologna_Guglielmo_Marconi_Airport" title="Bologna Guglielmo Marconi Airport">Bologna Guglielmo Marconi Airport</a> for a scheduled service to <a href="/wiki/Palermo_Punta_Raisi_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Palermo Punta Raisi Airport">Palermo Punta Raisi Airport</a>, Sicily. With 77 passengers aboard, Captain Domenico Gatti (34), and First Officer Enzo Fontana (32), were at the controls, with two <a href="/wiki/Flight_attendants" class="mw-redirect" title="Flight attendants">flight attendants</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mayday_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mayday-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The flight was designated IH 870 by air traffic control, while the military radar system used AJ 421.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Contact was lost shortly after the last message from the aircraft was received at 20:37, giving its position over the <a href="/wiki/Tyrrhenian_Sea" title="Tyrrhenian Sea">Tyrrhenian Sea</a> near the island of Ustica, about 120 kilometres (70 mi) southwest of <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At 20:59 CEST, the aircraft broke apart in mid-air and crashed.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two <a href="/wiki/Italian_Air_Force" title="Italian Air Force">Italian Air Force</a> <a href="/wiki/F-104" class="mw-redirect" title="F-104">F-104s</a> were scrambled at 21:00 from <a href="/wiki/Grosseto_Airport" title="Grosseto Airport">Grosseto Air Force Base</a> to locate the accident area and search for any survivors, but failed to locate the area because of poor visibility.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="two f-104 were in flight before the crash, landing at Grosseto air base. no information about F-104 crash-related take off from Grosseto, but hh3f helicopters from Ciampino. (June 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Floating wreckage parts were later found in the area.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were no survivors among the 81 occupants on board.<sup id="cite_ref-mig-23_p26_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mig-23_p26-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2006, the re-assembled fragments of the DC-9 were returned to Bologna from <a href="/wiki/Pratica_di_Mare_Air_Force_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Pratica di Mare Air Force Base">Pratica di Mare Air Force Base</a> near Rome. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Official_statements_and_litigation">Official statements and litigation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Itavia_Flight_870&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Official statements and litigation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The perpetrators of the crime remain unidentified. After hearings held from 1989 to 1991, the Parliamentary Commission on Terrorism, headed by Senator <a href="/w/index.php?title=Libero_Gualtieri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Libero Gualtieri (page does not exist)">Libero Gualtieri</a>, issued an official statement concerning the crash of Flight 870, which became known as the "Ustica Massacre" (<i>Strage di Ustica</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Then the crash was referred to by a "prima facie" judicial act as "primarily an act of war, a de facto unreported war – as has been customary ever since Pearl Harbor, until the latest Balkan conflict – an international police operation, in fact, up to the great powers, since there was no mandate in this sense; a non-military coercive action exercised lawfully or illicitly, by one State against another; or an act of terrorism, as it was later claimed, of an attack on a head of state or regime leader.".<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A number of <a href="/wiki/Italian_Air_Force" title="Italian Air Force">Italian Air Force</a> personnel have been investigated and tried for a number of alleged offences, including falsification of documents, high treason, perjury, abuse of office and aiding and abetting. None have been convicted. On 30 April 2004, Generals Corrado Melillo and Zeno Tascio were held to be not guilty of high treason. Lesser charges against a number of other military personnel were also dropped. Other allegations could no longer be pursued after the expiration of the <a href="/wiki/Statute_of_limitations" title="Statute of limitations">statute of limitations</a>, since the disaster had occurred more than 15 years before, which included charges against Generals Lamberto Bartolucci and Franco Ferri. In 2005, an appeals court ruled that no evidence supported the charges. On 10 January 2007, the <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Cassation_(Italy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Court of Cassation (Italy)">Italian Court of Cassation</a> upheld this ruling and conclusively closed the case, fully acquitting Bartolucci and Ferri of any wrongdoing. </p><p>In June 2010, Italian President <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Napolitano" title="Giorgio Napolitano">Giorgio Napolitano</a> urged all Italian authorities to cooperate in the investigation of the accident.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2011, a Palermo civil tribunal ordered the Italian government to pay 100 million euros ($137 million) in civil damages to the relatives of the victims for failing to protect the flight, concealing the truth and destroying evidence.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 23 January 2013, the Civil Cassation Court ruled that there was "abundantly" clear evidence that the flight was brought down by a stray <a href="/wiki/Missile" title="Missile">missile</a>, confirming the lower court's order that the Italian government must pay compensation.<sup id="cite_ref-washingtonpost.com_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-washingtonpost.com-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2015, an appeals court in Palermo confirmed the rulings of the 2011 Palermo civil tribunal and dismissed an appeal by the state attorney.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hypotheses_on_the_causes">Hypotheses on the causes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Itavia_Flight_870&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Hypotheses on the causes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Terrorist_bomb">Terrorist bomb</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Itavia_Flight_870&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Terrorist bomb"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/Years_of_Lead_(Italy)" title="Years of Lead (Italy)">series of bombings that hit Italy in the 1970s</a>, a terrorist act was the first explanation to be proposed. As the flight was delayed in Bologna by almost three hours, a bomb's timer may have been set to actually cause an explosion at the Palermo airport, or on a further flight of the same aircraft. </p><p>The 1990 judicial inquiry was supported by a technical commission, led by independent investigator Frank Taylor. The technical commission's report concluded that an explosion in the rear toilet, and not a missile strike, was the only conclusion supported by the wreckage analysis.<sup id="cite_ref-taylorrep_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taylorrep-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A test explosion in a DC-9 lavatory had shown the resulting deformation in the surrounding structure to be almost identical to that of the accident aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The technical commission's report was criticised in the Italian media by <i><a href="/wiki/Corriere_della_Sera" title="Corriere della Sera">Corriere della Sera</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/La_Repubblica" title="La Repubblica">La Repubblica</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In particular it was stated that there was no evidence of explosive residue, per tests performed in 1994 by the Defence Research Agency in the United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Missile_strike_during_military_operation">Missile strike during military operation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Itavia_Flight_870&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Missile strike during military operation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Parts of the Italian media alleged that the aircraft was shot down during a <a href="/wiki/Dogfight" title="Dogfight">dogfight</a> involving <a href="/wiki/Libyan_Air_Force" title="Libyan Air Force">Libyan</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="French Air Force">French</a> and <a href="/wiki/Italian_Air_Force" title="Italian Air Force">Italian Air Force</a> fighters in an assassination attempt by <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> members on an important Libyan politician, perhaps even Libyan leader <a href="/wiki/Muammar_al-Gaddafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muammar al-Gaddafi">Muammar al-Gaddafi</a>, who was flying in the same airspace that evening.<sup id="cite_ref-historicwings_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-historicwings-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This version was supported in 1999 by Judge Rosario Priore,<sup id="cite_ref-Guardian_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guardian-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who said in his concluding report that his investigation had been deliberately obstructed by the Italian military and members of the secret service, in compliance with NATO requests.<sup id="cite_ref-Guardian_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guardian-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the Italian media, documents from the archives of the Libyan secret service passed on to <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tripoli_(2011)" title="Battle of Tripoli (2011)">fall of Tripoli</a> show that Flight 870 and a Libyan MiG were attacked by two French jets.<sup id="cite_ref-Malta_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Malta-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 18 July 1980, 21 days after the Itavia Flight 870 crash, a Libyan <a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-23" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23">MiG-23MS</a> was found crashed in the <a href="/wiki/Sila_Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Sila Mountains">Sila Mountains</a> in <a href="/wiki/Castelsilano" title="Castelsilano">Castelsilano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calabria" title="Calabria">Calabria</a>, southern Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Libyan_Air_Force" title="Libyan Air Force">Libyan Air Force</a> sources, the pilot was a victim of <a href="/wiki/Hypoxia_(medical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypoxia (medical)">hypoxia</a>. As his aircraft's <a href="/wiki/Autopilot" title="Autopilot">autopilot</a> was activated, it just kept flying straight and level until running out of fuel, and eventually crashed in the Sila Mountains.<sup id="cite_ref-mig-23_p26_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mig-23_p26-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2008, <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Cossiga" title="Francesco Cossiga">Francesco Cossiga</a> (Prime Minister when the accident occurred) said that Itavia Flight 870 had been shot down by French warplanes.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 7 July 2008, a claim for damages was served on the French President.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 2023, former <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Italy" title="Prime Minister of Italy">Italian prime minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Giuliano_Amato" title="Giuliano Amato">Giuliano Amato</a> said that France downed the aircraft while targeting a Libyan military jet in an attempt to kill <a href="/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi" title="Muammar Gaddafi">Muammar Gaddafi</a>. Amato said that Italy tipped off Libya about the planned assassination and consequently Gaddafi did not board the Libyan military jet.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conspiracy_theories">Conspiracy theories</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Itavia_Flight_870&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Conspiracy theories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theories" class="mw-redirect" title="Conspiracy theories">conspiracy theories</a> explaining the disaster persist.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_2013_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_2013-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, the vessel that carried out the search for debris on the ocean floor was French, but only US officials had access to the aircraft parts they found. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Several radar reports were erased and several Italian generals were indicted 20 years later for obstruction of justice. The difficulty the investigators and the victims' relatives had in receiving complete, reliable information on the Ustica disaster has been popularly described as <i>un muro di gomma</i> (literally, a rubber wall),<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_1992_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_1992-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> because investigations just seemed to "bounce back". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Memorial">Memorial</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Itavia_Flight_870&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Memorial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Museo_ustica.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Museo_ustica.JPG/220px-Museo_ustica.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Museo_ustica.JPG/330px-Museo_ustica.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Museo_ustica.JPG/440px-Museo_ustica.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Remains of the plane at the Museum for the Memory of Ustica, Bologna, Italy</figcaption></figure> <p>On 27 June 2007, the Museum for the Memory of Ustica was opened in Bologna. The museum is in possession of parts of the plane, which are assembled and on display, including almost all of the external fuselage. The museum also has objects belonging to those on board that were found in the sea near the plane. <a href="/wiki/Christian_Boltanski" title="Christian Boltanski">Christian Boltanski</a> was commissioned to produce a site-specific installation. The installation consists of: </p> <ul><li>81 pulsing lamps hanging over the plane</li> <li>81 black mirrors</li> <li>81 loudspeakers (behind the mirrors)</li></ul> <p>Each loudspeaker describes a simple thought/worry (e.g. "when I arrive I will go to the beach") All the objects found are contained in a wooden box covered with a black plastic skin. A small book with the photos of all objects and various information is available to visitors upon request. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dramatization">Dramatization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Itavia_Flight_870&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Dramatization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The crash of Itavia Flight 870 was featured in the 13th season of the Canadian documentary series <i><a href="/wiki/Mayday_(Canadian_TV_series)" title="Mayday (Canadian TV series)">Mayday</a></i> in an episode entitled "<a href="/wiki/List_of_Mayday_episodes#Season_13_.282013.29" title="List of Mayday episodes">Massacre over the Mediterranean</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The episode discussed the separate investigations into the event, and appeared to favour the investigation led by Frank Taylor, which concluded that the wreckage ruled out a missile and pointed to an explosion in or near the rear lavatory was the most likely.<sup id="cite_ref-taylorrep_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taylorrep-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 1991 Italian film by <a href="/wiki/Marco_Risi" title="Marco Risi">Marco Risi</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Invisible_Wall_(1991_film)" title="The Invisible Wall (1991 film)">The Invisible Wall</a></i>, tells the story of a journalist in search of answers to the many questions left open by the accident. The film theorises on a few possible scenarios, including the possibility that the DC-9 was mistakenly shot down during an aerial engagement between NATO and Libyan jet fighters.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Itavia_Flight_870&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_accidents_and_incidents_resulting_in_at_least_50_fatalities" class="mw-redirect" title="List of aircraft accidents and incidents resulting in at least 50 fatalities">List of aircraft accidents and incidents resulting in at least 50 fatalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_unsolved_murders_(1980%E2%80%932000)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of unsolved murders (1980–2000)">List of unsolved murders</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Itavia_Flight_870&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/topnews/2023/09/02/-ustica-amato-a-la-repubblica-missile-francese-colpi-dc9-_9fd0d3fe-42bf-44a4-b127-69988a8a647d.html">Agenzia ANSA, 2 September 2023</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output 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Es müsse eine befriedigende und ehrliche Rekonstruktion der Ereignisse stattfinden, damit alle Unklarheiten beseitigt würden.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Napolitano+fordert+Aufkl%C3%A4rung+des+Absturzes+von+Ustica&rft.date=2010-06-27&rft.aulast=Troendle&rft.aufirst=Stefan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tagesschau.de%2Fausland%2Fustica108.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItavia+Flight+870" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190408080430/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/italy-court-fines-government-137-million-over-mysterious-crash-of-plane-over-ustica/2011/09/13/gIQArlRxPK_story.html">"Italy court fines government $137 million over mysterious crash of plane over Ustica"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. 13 September 2011. 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Taylor (1998) "The study of aircraft wreckage: the key to accident investigation," <i>Technology, Law and Insurance</i>, <b>3</b> (2) : 129–147.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.corriere.it/cronache/21_giugno_27/ustica-41-anni-dopo-mig-morti-sospette-depistaggi-ecco-cosa-sappiamo-227aec22-d67c-11eb-94c4-73c6504e8d78.shtml">"Ustica, 41 anni dopo. Mig, morti sospette, depistaggi: ecco cosa sappiamo"</a>. <i>corriere.com</i> (in Italian). 27 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Archivio+-+la+Repubblica.it&rft.atitle=LE+MISTERIOSE+ASSENZE+DEI+PERITI+DI+USTICA+-+la+Repubblica.it&rft.date=1994-06-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fricerca.repubblica.it%2Frepubblica%2Farchivio%2Frepubblica%2F1994%2F06%2F28%2Fle-misteriose-assenze-dei-periti-di-ustica.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItavia+Flight+870" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151125133658/http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/1994/luglio/12/Ustica_perito_inglese_depistaggio_missile_co_8_9407122121.shtml">"Ustica, perito inglese: depistaggio il missile Contesta le tesi degli altri esperti: c' e' molta puzza di disinformazione " Un nesso con la strage di Bologna "<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. 25 November 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/1994/luglio/12/Ustica_perito_inglese_depistaggio_missile_co_8_9407122121.shtml">the original</a> on 25 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ustica%2C+perito+inglese%3A+depistaggio+il+missile+Contesta+le+tesi+degli+altri+esperti%3A+c%27+e%27+molta+puzza+di+disinformazione+%22+Un+nesso+con+la+strage+di+Bologna+%22&rft.date=2015-11-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F1994%2Fluglio%2F12%2FUstica_perito_inglese_depistaggio_missile_co_8_9407122121.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItavia+Flight+870" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-historicwings-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-historicwings_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas_Van_Hare2012" class="citation journal cs1">Thomas Van Hare (27 June 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fly.historicwings.com/2012/06/italys-darkest-night/">"Italy's Darkest Night"</a>. <i>Historic Wings</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Historic+Wings&rft.atitle=Italy%27s+Darkest+Night&rft.date=2012-06-27&rft.au=Thomas+Van+Hare&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffly.historicwings.com%2F2012%2F06%2Fitalys-darkest-night%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItavia+Flight+870" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guardian-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Guardian_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guardian_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/elsewhere/journalist/story/0,,1825348,00.html">The Mystery of Flight 870</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>, 21 July 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Malta-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Malta_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNoel_Grima2011" class="citation journal cs1">Noel Grima (18 September 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2011-09-18/news/libyan-secret-documents-said-to-uncover-ustica-tragedy-and-how-gaddafi-escaped-to-malta-unscathed-298884/">"Libyan secret documents said to uncover Ustica tragedy... and how Gaddafi escaped to Malta unscathed"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Malta_Independent" title="The Malta Independent">The Malta Independent</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Malta+Independent&rft.atitle=Libyan+secret+documents+said+to+uncover+Ustica+tragedy...+and+how+Gaddafi+escaped+to+Malta+unscathed&rft.date=2011-09-18&rft.au=Noel+Grima&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.com.mt%2Farticles%2F2011-09-18%2Fnews%2Flibyan-secret-documents-said-to-uncover-ustica-tragedy-and-how-gaddafi-escaped-to-malta-unscathed-298884%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItavia+Flight+870" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCooperGrandoliniDelalande2015">Cooper, Grandolini & Delalande 2015</a>, p. 41</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090211174216/http://uk.reuters.com/article/latestCrisis/idUKL2264892420080622">Italy Reopens Probe Into 1980 Plane Crash: Media</a>, Reuters, 22 June 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFD'Emilio2023" class="citation web cs1">D'Emilio, Francis (2 September 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/italian-ex-premier-says-french-missile-downed-an-airliner-in-1980-by-accident-in-bid-to-kill-gadhafi/ar-AA1g90h1">"Italian ex-premier says French missile downed an airliner in 1980 by accident in bid to kill Gadhafi"</a>. <i>Associated Press</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2023</span> – via MSN.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Italian+ex-premier+says+French+missile+downed+an+airliner+in+1980+by+accident+in+bid+to+kill+Gadhafi&rft.date=2023-09-02&rft.aulast=D%27Emilio&rft.aufirst=Francis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.msn.com%2Fen-us%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fitalian-ex-premier-says-french-missile-downed-an-airliner-in-1980-by-accident-in-bid-to-kill-gadhafi%2Far-AA1g90h1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItavia+Flight+870" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFD'Emilio2023" class="citation news cs1">D'Emilio, Frances (2 September 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/italy-france-libya-gadhafi-plane-5dc7758c2e76d6a56a95f4e296f3172a">"Italian ex-premier says French missile downed an airliner in 1980 by accident in bid to kill Gadhafi"</a>. <i>AP News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft.atitle=Italian+ex-premier+says+French+missile+downed+an+airliner+in+1980+by+accident+in+bid+to+kill+Gadhafi&rft.date=2023-09-02&rft.aulast=D%27Emilio&rft.aufirst=Frances&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fitaly-france-libya-gadhafi-plane-5dc7758c2e76d6a56a95f4e296f3172a&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItavia+Flight+870" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.eu/article/giuliano-amato-muammar-gaddafiv-itavia-flight-870/">"Italy ex-PM alleges France downed passenger jet in bid to kill Gaddafi"</a>. <i>POLITICO</i>. 2 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=POLITICO&rft.atitle=Italy+ex-PM+alleges+France+downed+passenger+jet+in+bid+to+kill+Gaddafi&rft.date=2023-09-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.eu%2Farticle%2Fgiuliano-amato-muammar-gaddafiv-itavia-flight-870%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItavia+Flight+870" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT_2013-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYT_2013_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElisabetta_Povoledo2013" class="citation journal cs1">Elisabetta Povoledo (10 February 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/11/world/europe/itavia-flight-870-ruling-adds-support-to-a-theory.html">"Conspiracy Buffs Gain in Court Ruling on Crash"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Conspiracy+Buffs+Gain+in+Court+Ruling+on+Crash&rft.date=2013-02-10&rft.au=Elisabetta+Povoledo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F02%2F11%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fitavia-flight-870-ruling-adds-support-to-a-theory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItavia+Flight+870" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT_1992-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYT_1992_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFALAN_COWELL1992" class="citation journal cs1">ALAN COWELL (10 February 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1992/02/10/world/italian-obsession-was-airliner-shot-down.html">"Italian Obsession: Was Airliner Shot Down?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Italian+Obsession%3A+Was+Airliner+Shot+Down%3F&rft.date=1992-02-10&rft.au=ALAN+COWELL&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1992%2F02%2F10%2Fworld%2Fitalian-obsession-was-airliner-shot-down.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItavia+Flight+870" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRotten_Tomatoes" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes" title="Rotten Tomatoes">Rotten Tomatoes</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rottentomatoes.com/tv/mayday/s13/e07">"Mayday: Season 13, Episode 7 | Massacre over the Mediterranean"</a>. <i>www.rottentomatoes.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.rottentomatoes.com&rft.atitle=Mayday%3A+Season+13%2C+Episode+7+%7C+Massacre+over+the+Mediterranean&rft.au=Rotten+Tomatoes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rottentomatoes.com%2Ftv%2Fmayday%2Fs13%2Fe07&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItavia+Flight+870" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0102487/"><i>The Invisible Wall (1991)</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2024</span> – via m.imdb.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Invisible+Wall+%281991%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt0102487%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItavia+Flight+870" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Itavia_Flight_870&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooper2018" class="citation book cs1">Cooper, Tom (2018). <i>MiG-23 Flogger in the Middle East, Mikoyan i Gurevich MiG-23 in Service in Algeria, Egypt, Iraq, Libya and Syria, 1973-2018</i>. Warwick: Helion & Company Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-912-390328" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-912-390328"><bdi>978-1-912-390328</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=MiG-23+Flogger+in+the+Middle+East%2C+Mikoyan+i+Gurevich+MiG-23+in+Service+in+Algeria%2C+Egypt%2C+Iraq%2C+Libya+and+Syria%2C+1973-2018&rft.place=Warwick&rft.pub=Helion+%26+Company+Publishing&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-912-390328&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=Tom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItavia+Flight+870" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooperGrandoliniDelalande2015" class="citation book cs1">Cooper, Tom; Grandolini, Albert; Delalande, Arnaud (2015). <i>Libyan Air Wars, Part 1: 1973-1985</i>. Helion & Company Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-909982-39-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-909982-39-0"><bdi>978-1-909982-39-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Libyan+Air+Wars%2C+Part+1%3A+1973-1985&rft.pub=Helion+%26+Company+Publishing&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-909982-39-0&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft.au=Grandolini%2C+Albert&rft.au=Delalande%2C+Arnaud&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItavia+Flight+870" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Itavia_Flight_870&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070205130800/http://www.comune.bologna.it/iperbole/ustica/index.html">Official Site of the Association of the Relatives of the Victims of the Accident</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130502234741/http://www.airdisaster.com/cgi-bin/view_details.cgi?date=06271980&reg=I-TIGI&airline=Itavia">AirDisaster.Com Accident Synopsis of Flight 870</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Template:Usurped/doc" title="Template:Usurped/doc">[usurped]</a></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.planecrashinfo.com/1980/1980-32.htm">Accident details</a> at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.planecrashinfo.com/">planecrashinfo.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0102487/"><i>Il Muro di gomma</i></a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3794924#P345" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span>, film about the accident</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/elsewhere/journalist/story/0,,1825348,00.html">The mystery of flight 870</a> – Guardian Newspaper.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9_family" title="Template:McDonnell Douglas DC-9 family"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9_family" title="Template talk:McDonnell Douglas DC-9 family"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9_family" title="Special:EditPage/Template:McDonnell Douglas DC-9 family"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9_family" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas" title="McDonnell Douglas">McDonnell Douglas</a> <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9" title="McDonnell Douglas DC-9">DC-9</a> family</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Civil/Commercial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9" title="McDonnell Douglas DC-9">DC-9</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-80" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-80">-80/81/82/83/87/88</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-80" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-80">MD-80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-80" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-80">MD-81</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-80" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-80">MD-82</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-80" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-80">MD-83</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-80" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-80">MD-87</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-80" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-80">MD-88</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-80" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-80">MD-89</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-90" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-90">MD-90</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-90" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-90">MD-91</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-90" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-90">MD-92</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-94X" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-94X">MD-94</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_717" title="Boeing 717">MD-95</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_717" title="Boeing 717">Boeing 717</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_C-9" title="McDonnell Douglas C-9">C-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-94X" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-94X">P-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_X-66" title="Boeing X-66">X-66</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Accidents and<br />incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><small>DC-9</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Coast_Airlines_Flight_956" title="West Coast Airlines Flight 956">West Coast Airlines Flight 956</a> <small>(1966)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TWA_Flight_553" title="TWA Flight 553">TWA Flight 553</a> <small>(1967)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozark_Air_Lines_Flight_965" title="Ozark Air Lines Flight 965">Ozark Air Lines Flight 965</a> <small>(1968)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozark_Air_Lines_Flight_982" title="Ozark Air Lines Flight 982">Ozark Air Lines Flight 982</a> <small>(1968)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viasa_Flight_742" title="Viasa Flight 742">Viasa Flight 742</a> <small>(1969)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allegheny_Airlines_Flight_853" title="Allegheny Airlines Flight 853">Allegheny Airlines Flight 853</a> <small>(1969)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominicana_DC-9_air_disaster" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominicana DC-9 air disaster">1970 Dominicana air disaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Air_Lines_Shuttle_Flight_1320" title="Eastern Air Lines Shuttle Flight 1320">Eastern Air Lines Shuttle Flight 1320</a> <small>(1970)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALM_Flight_980" title="ALM Flight 980">ALM Flight 980</a> <small>(1970)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Airways_Flight_932" title="Southern Airways Flight 932">Southern Airways Flight 932</a> <small>(1970)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hughes_Airwest_Flight_706" title="Hughes Airwest Flight 706">Hughes Airwest Flight 706</a> <small>(1971)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Turkish_Airlines_Adana_crash" class="mw-redirect" title="1972 Turkish Airlines Adana crash">1972 Turkish Airlines Adana crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JAT_Flight_367" title="JAT Flight 367">JAT Flight 367</a> <small>(1972)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EgyptAir_Flight_763" title="EgyptAir Flight 763">EgyptAir Flight 763</a> <small>(1972)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Air_Lines_Flight_9570" title="Delta Air Lines Flight 9570">Delta Air Lines Flight 9570</a> <small>(1972)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Airlines_System_Flight_130" title="Scandinavian Airlines System Flight 130">Scandinavian Airlines System Flight 130</a> <small>(1972)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Airways_Flight_49" title="Southern Airways Flight 49">Southern Airways Flight 49</a> <small>(1972)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Chicago%E2%80%93O%27Hare_runway_collision" title="1972 Chicago–O'Hare runway collision">1972 Chicago–O'Hare runway collision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Nantes_mid-air_collision" title="1973 Nantes mid-air collision">1973 Nantes mid-air collision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerom%C3%A9xico_Flight_229" title="Aeroméxico Flight 229">Aeroméxico Flight 229</a> <small>(1973)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Air_Lines_Flight_723" title="Delta Air Lines Flight 723">Delta Air Lines Flight 723</a> <small>(1973)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Air_Lines_Flight_212" title="Eastern Air Lines Flight 212">Eastern Air Lines Flight 212</a> <small>(1974)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avensa_Flight_358" title="Avensa Flight 358">Avensa Flight 358</a> <small>(1974)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inex-Adria_Aviopromet_Flight_450" title="Inex-Adria Aviopromet Flight 450">Inex-Adria Aviopromet Flight 450</a> <small>(1975)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Zagreb_mid-air_collision" title="1976 Zagreb mid-air collision">1976 Zagreb mid-air collision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Airways_Flight_242" title="Southern Airways Flight 242">Southern Airways Flight 242</a> <small>(1977)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Canada_Flight_189" title="Air Canada Flight 189">Air Canada Flight 189</a> <small>(1978)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TWA_Flight_541" title="TWA Flight 541">TWA Flight 541</a> <small>(1978)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alitalia_Flight_4128" title="Alitalia Flight 4128">Alitalia Flight 4128</a> <small>(1978)</small></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Itavia Flight 870</a> <small>(1980)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garuda_Indonesian_Airways_Flight_206" title="Garuda Indonesian Airways Flight 206">Garuda Indonesian Airways Flight 206</a> <small>(1981)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerom%C3%A9xico_Flight_230" title="Aeroméxico Flight 230">Aeroméxico Flight 230</a> <small>(1981)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerom%C3%A9xico_Flight_110" title="Aeroméxico Flight 110">Aeroméxico Flight 110</a> <small>(1981)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avensa_Flight_007" title="Avensa Flight 007">Avensa Flight 007</a> <small>(1983)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Canada_Flight_797" title="Air Canada Flight 797">Air Canada Flight 797</a> <small>(1983)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrid_runway_disaster" class="mw-redirect" title="Madrid runway disaster">1983 Madrid runway disaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozark_Air_Lines_Flight_650" title="Ozark Air Lines Flight 650">Ozark Air Lines Flight 650</a> <small>(1983)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Air_Lines_Flight_494" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Air Lines Flight 494">Eastern Air Lines Flight 494</a> <small>(1985)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midwest_Express_Airlines_Flight_105" title="Midwest Express Airlines Flight 105">Midwest Express Airlines Flight 105</a> <small>(1985)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerom%C3%A9xico_Flight_498" title="Aeroméxico Flight 498">Aeroméxico Flight 498</a> <small>(1986)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garuda_Indonesia_Flight_035" title="Garuda Indonesia Flight 035">Garuda Indonesia Flight 035</a> <small>(1987)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Airlines_Flight_1713" title="Continental Airlines Flight 1713">Continental Airlines Flight 1713</a> <small>(1987)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evergreen_International_Airlines_Flight_17" title="Evergreen International Airlines Flight 17">Evergreen International Airlines Flight 17</a> <small>(1988)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alitalia_Flight_404" title="Alitalia Flight 404">Alitalia Flight 404</a> <small>(1990)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Wayne_County_Airport_runway_collision" title="1990 Wayne County Airport runway collision">1990 Wayne County Airport runway collision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_International_Airlines_Flight_590" title="Ryan International Airlines Flight 590">Ryan International Airlines Flight 590</a> <small>(1991)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeropostal_Alas_de_Venezuela_Flight_108" title="Aeropostal Alas de Venezuela Flight 108">Aeropostal Alas de Venezuela Flight 108</a> <small>(1991)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Air_System_Flight_451" title="Japan Air System Flight 451">Japan Air System Flight 451</a> <small>(1993)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USAir_Flight_1016" title="USAir Flight 1016">USAir Flight 1016</a> <small>(1994)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercontinental_de_Aviaci%C3%B3n_Flight_256" title="Intercontinental de Aviación Flight 256">Intercontinental de Aviación Flight 256</a> <small>(1995)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ValuJet_Flight_592" title="ValuJet Flight 592">ValuJet Flight 592</a> <small>(1996)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austral_L%C3%ADneas_A%C3%A9reas_Flight_2553" title="Austral Líneas Aéreas Flight 2553">Austral Líneas Aéreas Flight 2553</a> <small>(1997)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cebu_Pacific_Flight_387" title="Cebu Pacific Flight 387">Cebu Pacific Flight 387</a> <small>(1998)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TAESA_Flight_725" title="TAESA Flight 725">TAESA Flight 725</a> <small>(1999)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sosoliso_Airlines_Flight_1145" title="Sosoliso Airlines Flight 1145">Sosoliso Airlines Flight 1145</a> <small>(2005)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Mexico_DC-9_drug_bust" title="2006 Mexico DC-9 drug bust">2006 Mexico drug bust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hewa_Bora_Airways_Flight_122" title="Hewa Bora Airways Flight 122">Hewa Bora Airways Flight 122</a> <small>(2008)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><small>MD-80</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inex-Adria_Aviopromet_Flight_1308" title="Inex-Adria Aviopromet Flight 1308">Inex-Adria Aviopromet Flight 1308</a> <small>(1981)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Airlines_Flight_255" title="Northwest Airlines Flight 255">Northwest Airlines Flight 255</a> <small>(1987)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austral_L%C3%ADneas_A%C3%A9reas_Flight_046" title="Austral Líneas Aéreas Flight 046">Austral Líneas Aéreas Flight 046</a> <small>(1988)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Airlines_System_Flight_751" title="Scandinavian Airlines System Flight 751">Scandinavian Airlines System Flight 751</a> <small>(1991)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Eastern_Airlines_Flight_5398" title="China Eastern Airlines Flight 5398">China Eastern Airlines Flight 5398</a> <small>(1993)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Northern_Airlines_Flight_6901" title="China Northern Airlines Flight 6901">China Northern Airlines Flight 6901</a> <small>(1993)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Airlines_System_Flight_347" title="Scandinavian Airlines System Flight 347">Scandinavian Airlines System Flight 347</a> <small>(1994)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TWA_Flight_427" class="mw-redirect" title="TWA Flight 427">TWA Flight 427</a> <small>(1994)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_1572" title="American Airlines Flight 1572">American Airlines Flight 1572</a> <small>(1995)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Air_Lines_Flight_1288" title="Delta Air Lines Flight 1288">Delta Air Lines Flight 1288</a> <small>(1996)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Air_Flight_1533" title="Korean Air Flight 1533">Korean Air Flight 1533</a> <small>(1999)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_1420" title="American Airlines Flight 1420">American Airlines Flight 1420</a> <small>(1999)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Airlines_Flight_261" title="Alaska Airlines Flight 261">Alaska Airlines Flight 261</a> <small>(2000)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linate_Airport_disaster" class="mw-redirect" title="Linate Airport disaster">2001 Linate Airport disaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Northern_Airlines_Flight_6136" title="China Northern Airlines Flight 6136">China Northern Airlines Flight 6136</a> <small>(2002)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lion_Air_Flight_538" title="Lion Air Flight 538">Lion Air Flight 538</a> <small>(2004)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Caribbean_Airways_Flight_708" title="West Caribbean Airways Flight 708">West Caribbean Airways Flight 708</a> <small>(2005)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-Two-GO_Airlines_Flight_269" class="mw-redirect" title="One-Two-GO Airlines Flight 269">One-Two-GO Airlines Flight 269</a> <small>(2007)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlasjet_Flight_4203" title="Atlasjet Flight 4203">Atlasjet Flight 4203</a> <small>(2007)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanair_Flight_5022" title="Spanair Flight 5022">Spanair Flight 5022</a> <small>(2008)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dana_Air_Flight_0992" title="Dana Air Flight 0992">Dana Air Flight 0992</a> <small>(2012)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Alg%C3%A9rie_Flight_5017" title="Air Algérie Flight 5017">Air Algérie Flight 5017</a> <small>(2014)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Air_Lines_Flight_1086" title="Delta Air Lines Flight 1086">Delta Air Lines Flight 1086</a> <small>(2015)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ameristar_Charters_Flight_9363" title="Ameristar Charters Flight 9363">Ameristar Charters Flight 9363</a> <small>(2017)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caspian_Airlines_Flight_6936" title="Caspian Airlines Flight 6936">Caspian Airlines Flight 6936</a> <small>(2020)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Houston_MD-87_crash" title="2021 Houston MD-87 crash">2021 Houston MD-87 crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RED_Air_Flight_203" title="RED Air Flight 203">RED Air Flight 203</a> <small>(2022)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><small>MD-90</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uni_Air_Flight_873" title="Uni Air Flight 873">Uni Air Flight 873</a> <small>(1999)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Operators <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_McDonnell_Douglas_MD-80_operators" title="List of McDonnell Douglas MD-80 operators">MD-80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_McDonnell_Douglas_MD-90_operators" title="List of McDonnell Douglas MD-90 operators">MD-90</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Boeing_717_operators" title="List of Boeing 717 operators">Boeing 717</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Aviation_accidents_and_incidents_in_Italy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Aviation_accidents_and_incidents_in_Italy" title="Template:Aviation accidents and incidents in Italy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Aviation_accidents_and_incidents_in_Italy" title="Template talk:Aviation accidents and incidents in Italy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Aviation_accidents_and_incidents_in_Italy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Aviation accidents and incidents in Italy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Aviation_accidents_and_incidents_in_Italy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Aviation accidents and incidents in Italy</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Before 1900</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Zambeccari" title="Francesco Zambeccari">Francesco Zambeccari</a> (September 1812)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1900s-1940s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jorge_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Jorge Chávez">Jorge Chávez</a> (September 1910)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1919_Verona_Caproni_Ca.48_crash" title="1919 Verona Caproni Ca.48 crash">Verona Caproni Ca.48 crash</a> (August 1919)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dixmude_(airship)" title="Dixmude (airship)">Dixmude</a> (December 1923)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1945_Avro_York_crash" title="1945 Avro York crash">1945 Avro York crash</a> (February 1945)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1948_Royal_Air_Force_Avro_Lancaster_crash" title="1948 Royal Air Force Avro Lancaster crash">1948 Royal Air Force Avro Lancaster crash</a> (September 1948)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Superga_air_disaster" title="Superga air disaster">Superga air disaster</a> (May 1949)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/BOAC_Flight_115" title="BOAC Flight 115">BOAC Flight 115</a> (October 1952)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1953_Mediterranean_Sea_mid-air_collision" title="1953 Mediterranean Sea mid-air collision">Mediterranean Sea mid-air collision</a> (January 1953)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/BOAC_Flight_781" title="BOAC Flight 781">BOAC Flight 781</a> (January 1954)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Airways_Flight_201" title="South African Airways Flight 201">South African Airways Flight 201</a> (April 1954)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sabena_Flight_503" title="Sabena Flight 503">Sabena Flight 503</a> (February 1955)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/British_European_Airways_Flight_142" title="British European Airways Flight 142">British European Airways Flight 142</a> (October 1958)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/TWA_Flight_891" title="TWA Flight 891">TWA Flight 891</a> (June 1959)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1971_RAF_Hercules_crash" title="1971 RAF Hercules crash">RAF Hercules crash</a> (November 1971)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alitalia_Flight_112" title="Alitalia Flight 112">Alitalia Flight 112</a> (May 1972)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aero_Trasporti_Italiani_Flight_327" title="Aero Trasporti Italiani Flight 327">Aero Trasporti Italiani Flight 327</a> (October 1972)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Argo_16" title="Argo 16">Argo 16</a> (November 1973)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1973_Rome_airport_attacks_and_hijacking" title="1973 Rome airport attacks and hijacking">Rome airport attacks and hijacking</a> (December 1973)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alitalia_Flight_4128" title="Alitalia Flight 4128">Alitalia Flight 4128</a> (December 1978)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aero_Trasporti_Italiani_Flight_12" title="Aero Trasporti Italiani Flight 12">Aero Trasporti Italiani Flight 12</a> (September 1979)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Itavia Flight 870</a> (June 1980)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aero_Trasporti_Italiani_Flight_460" title="Aero Trasporti Italiani Flight 460">Aero Trasporti Italiani Flight 460</a> (October 1987)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Uganda_Airlines_Flight_775" title="Uganda Airlines Flight 775">Uganda Airlines Flight 775</a> (October 1988)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1990_Italian_Air_Force_MB-326_crash" title="1990 Italian Air Force MB-326 crash">Italian Air Force MB-326 crash</a> (December 1990)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Banat_Air_Flight_166" title="Banat Air Flight 166">Banat Air Flight 166 </a> (December 1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Air_Littoral_Flight_701A" title="Air Littoral Flight 701A">Air Littoral Flight 701A</a> (July 1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1998_Cavalese_cable_car_crash" title="1998 Cavalese cable car crash">Cavalese cable car crash</a> (February 1998)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Linate_Airport_disaster" class="mw-redirect" title="Linate Airport disaster">Linate Airport disaster</a> (October 2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2002_Pirelli_Tower_airplane_crash" title="2002 Pirelli Tower airplane crash">Pirelli Tower crash</a> (April 2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tuninter_Flight_1153" title="Tuninter Flight 1153">Tuninter Flight 1153</a> (August 2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Air_Alg%C3%A9rie_Flight_2208" title="Air Algérie Flight 2208">Air Algérie Flight 2208</a> (August 2006)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ASL_Airlines_Hungary_Flight_7332" title="ASL Airlines Hungary Flight 7332">ASL Airlines Hungary Flight 7332</a> (August 2016)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2023_National_Aerobatic_Team_Aermacchi_MB-339_crash" title="2023 National Aerobatic Team Aermacchi MB-339 crash">National Aerobatic Team Aermacchi MB-339 crash</a> (September 2023)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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style="white-space:nowrap;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks plainlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Aviation_accidents_and_incidents_in_1980" title="Template:Aviation accidents and incidents in 1980"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Aviation_accidents_and_incidents_in_1980" title="Template talk:Aviation accidents and incidents in 1980"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Aviation_accidents_and_incidents_in_1980" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Aviation accidents and incidents in 1980"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Aviation_accidents_and_incidents_in_1980_(1980)" class="hlist vevent" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="summary"><a href="/wiki/Aviation_accidents_and_incidents" title="Aviation accidents and incidents">Aviation accidents and incidents</a> in 1980<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1980</span>)</span> </span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;padding-left:0.5em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> <div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Jan 21</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Iran_Air_Flight_291" title="Iran Air Flight 291">Iran Air Flight 291</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Feb 21</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Advance_Airlines_Flight_4210" title="Advance Airlines Flight 4210">Advance Airlines Flight 4210</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Feb 27</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/China_Airlines_Flight_811" title="China Airlines Flight 811">China Airlines Flight 811</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Mar 14</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/LOT_Polish_Airlines_Flight_007" title="LOT Polish Airlines Flight 007">LOT Polish Airlines Flight 007</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Apr 12</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Transbrasil_Flight_303" title="Transbrasil Flight 303">Transbrasil Flight 303</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Apr 25</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Dan-Air_Flight_1008" title="Dan-Air Flight 1008">Dan-Air Flight 1008</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Apr 27</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Thai_Airways_Flight_231" title="Thai Airways Flight 231">Thai Airways Flight 231</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Jun 1</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Barra_do_Gar%C3%A7as_air_disaster" title="Barra do Garças air disaster">Barra do Garças air disaster</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Jun 12</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Air_Wisconsin_Flight_965" title="Air Wisconsin Flight 965">Air Wisconsin Flight 965</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Jun 12</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Aeroflot_Flight_Sh-88" title="Aeroflot Flight Sh-88">Aeroflot Flight Sh-88</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Jun 27</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Itavia Flight 870</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Jul 8</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Aeroflot_Flight_4225" title="Aeroflot Flight 4225">Aeroflot Flight 4225</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Aug 19</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Saudia_Flight_163" title="Saudia Flight 163">Saudia Flight 163</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Sep 12</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Florida_Commuter_Airlines_Flight_65" title="Florida Commuter Airlines Flight 65">Florida Commuter Airlines Flight 65</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Sep 21</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/1980_Biggin_Hill_Invader_crash" title="1980 Biggin Hill Invader crash">Biggin Hill Invader crash</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Nov 3</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/1980_Latin_Carga_Convair_CV-880_crash" title="1980 Latin Carga Convair CV-880 crash">Latin Carga Convair CV-880 crash</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Nov 19</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Korean_Air_Lines_Flight_015" title="Korean Air Lines Flight 015">Korean Air Lines Flight 015</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Dec 4</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/1980_Camarate_air_crash" class="mw-redirect" title="1980 Camarate air crash">Camarate air crash</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Dec 21</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/1980_Riohacha_TAC_Caravelle_crash" title="1980 Riohacha TAC Caravelle crash">Riohacha TAC Caravelle crash</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Dec 22</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Saudia_Flight_162" title="Saudia Flight 162">Saudia Flight 162</a></div></div> </div> <div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Template:Aviation_accidents_and_incidents_in_1979" title="Template:Aviation accidents and incidents in 1979">1979   ◄</a><span class="nowrap">   </span> <a href="/wiki/Template:Aviation_accidents_and_incidents_in_1981" title="Template:Aviation accidents and incidents in 1981">►   1981</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q784466#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh95003178">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007544476305171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 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