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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="ko"> <head> <title>OASIS Repository@POSTECHLIBRARY: Nitrosamine formation driven by electrochemical chlorination of urine-containing source waters: Effects of operational conditions</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <meta name="Generator" content="DSpace 5.5" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="description" content="Postech OASIS Repository" /> <meta name="keywords" content="오아시스,레포지토리,리포지터리,저장소,포스텍,박태준학술정보관,포항공과대학교,포항공대,POSTECH,Pohang University of Science and Technology,도서관,IR,연구업적,학술실적,연구성과,dspace" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon"/> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open-search/description.xml" title="DSpace" /> <link rel="schema.DCTERMS" href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" /> <link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" /> <link rel="schema.OAK" href="http://www.oak.go.kr/terms/" /> <meta name="OAK.author" content="Seid, Mingizem Gashaw" scheme="OAK.AUTHOR" /> <meta name="OAK.author" content="Chae, Sung Ho" scheme="OAK.AUTHOR" /> <meta name="OAK.author" content="Lee, Changha" scheme="OAK.AUTHOR" /> <meta name="OAK.author" content="Cho, Kangwoo" scheme="OAK.AUTHOR" /> <meta name="OAK.author" content="Hong, Seok Won" scheme="OAK.AUTHOR" /> <meta name="DCTERMS.dateAccepted" content="2024-11-22T01:20:07Z" scheme="DCTERMS.W3CDTF" /> <meta name="DCTERMS.available" content="2024-11-22T01:20:07Z" scheme="DCTERMS.W3CDTF" /> <meta name="DCTERMS.created" content="2024-09-11" scheme="DCTERMS.W3CDTF" /> <meta name="DCTERMS.issued" content="2024-10" scheme="DCTERMS.W3CDTF" /> <meta name="OAK.identifier.issn" content="0043-1354" scheme="OAK.ISSN" /> <meta name="DC.identifier" content="https://oasis.postech.ac.kr/handle/2014.oak/124805" scheme="DCTERMS.URI" /> <meta name="DCTERMS.abstract" content="We investigated the formation of nitrosamines from urine during electrochemical chlorination (EC) using dimensionally stable anodes. Short-term electrolysis (< 1 h) of urine at 25 mA cm(-2) generated seven nitrosamines (0.1-7.4 <mu>g L-1), where N-nitrosodimethylamine, N-nitrosomethylethylamine, and N-nitrosodiethylamine were predominant with concentrations ranging from 1.2 to 7.4 mu g L-1. Mechanistic studies showed that the formation kinetics of nitrosamines was influenced by urine aging and composition, with fresh urine generating the highest levels (0.9-5.8 mu g L-1) compared with aged, centrifuged, or filtered urine (0.2-4.1 mu g L-1). Concurrently, studies on urine pretreatment through filtration and centrifugation underscored the significance of nitrogenous metabolites (such as protein-like products and urinary amino acids) and particle-associated humic fractions in nitrosamine formation during EC of urine. This finding was confirmed through chromatographic and spectroscopic studies utilizing LCOCD, Raman spectra, and 3DEEM fluorescence spectra. Parametric studies demonstrated that the ultimate [nitrosamines] increased at a pH range of 4.5-6.2, and with increasing [bromide], [ammonium], and current density. Conversely, sulfate and carbonate ions inhibited nitrosamine formation. Moreover, the implications of EC in urine-containing source waters were evaluated. The results indicate that regardless of the urine source (individual volunteers, septic tank, swimming pool, untreated municipal wastewater), high levels of nitrosamines (0.1-17.6 mu g L-1) were generated, surpassing the potable reuse guideline of 10 ng L-1. Overall, this study provides insights to elucidate the mechanisms underlying nitrosamine formation and optimize the operating conditions. Such insights facilitate suppressing the generation of nitrosamine byproducts during electrochemical treatment of urine-containing wastewater." /> <meta name="DC.language" content="English" /> <meta name="DC.publisher" content="Elsevier BV" /> <meta name="DC.relation" content="Water Research" /> <meta name="DC.title" content="Nitrosamine formation driven by electrochemical chlorination of urine-containing source waters: Effects of operational conditions" /> <meta name="DC.type" content="Article" /> <meta name="DC.identifier" content="10.1016/j.watres.2024.122190" /> <meta name="DC.identifier" content="58837" /> <meta name="DC.type" content="ART" /> <meta name="DC.identifier" content="Water Research, v.263" /> <meta name="DC.identifier" content="001290119300001" /> <meta name="OAK.relation.journal" content="Water Research" scheme="OAK.JOURNAL" /> <meta name="OAK.relation.volume" content="263" scheme="OAK.VOLUME" /> <meta name="DC.contributor" content="Cho, Kangwoo" /> <meta name="DC.identifier" content="2-s2.0-85200232545" /> <meta name="DC.description" content="1" /> <meta name="DC.description" content="1" /> <meta name="DC.description" content="N" /> <meta name="DC.type" content="Article" /> <meta name="DC.subject" content="MATRIX" /> <meta name="DC.subject" content="ELECTROOXIDATION" /> <meta name="DC.subject" content="PHARMACEUTICALS" /> <meta name="DC.subject" content="TRACE ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS" /> <meta name="DC.subject" content="BY-PRODUCT FORMATION" /> <meta name="DC.subject" content="N-NITROSAMINES" /> <meta name="DC.subject" content="NDMA FORMATION" /> <meta name="DC.subject" content="DEGRADATION" /> <meta name="DC.subject" content="SUBSTANCES" /> <meta name="DC.subject" content="PRECURSORS" /> <meta name="DC.subject" content="Electrochemical chlorination" /> <meta name="DC.subject" content="3DEEM fluorescence" /> <meta name="DC.subject" content="Urine pH and age" /> <meta name="DC.subject" content="Bromide" /> <meta name="DC.subject" content="Current density" /> <meta name="DC.subject" content="LC-OCD and Raman spectra" /> <meta name="DC.relation" content="Engineering, Environmental" /> <meta name="DC.relation" content="Environmental Sciences" /> <meta name="DC.relation" content="Water Resources" /> <meta name="DC.description" content="scie" /> <meta name="DC.description" content="scopus" /> <meta name="citation_keywords" content="Article" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="Nitrosamine formation driven by electrochemical chlorination of urine-containing source waters: Effects of operational conditions" /> <meta name="citation_issn" content="0043-1354" /> <meta name="citation_publisher" content="Elsevier BV" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Seid, Mingizem Gashaw" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Chae, Sung Ho" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Lee, Changha" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Cho, Kangwoo" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Hong, Seok Won" /> <meta name="citation_date" content="2024-10" /> <meta name="citation_abstract_html_url" content="https://oasis.postech.ac.kr/handle/2014.oak/124805" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/bootstrap.min.css" defer /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/layout.css" async /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/mquery.css" defer /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/slidebars.css" defer />  <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/owl.carousel.css" defer />  <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/owl.theme.css" defer /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/bootstrap-partof.css" defer /> <script src="/js/jquery-1.9.1.min.js"></script> <script src="/js/jquery-ui.js"></script> <script src="/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> <script src="/js/owl.carousel.min.js"></script> <script src="/js/common.js" defer></script> <script src="/utils.js" defer></script> <script src="/static/js/holder.js" defer></script> <script src="/static/js/choice-support.js" defer></script> <script src="/js/ms-clarity.js"></script> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-B9EHYYGM78"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; 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Short-term electrolysis (< 1 h) of urine at 25 mA cm(-2) generated seven nitrosamines (0.1-7.4 <mu>g L-1), where N-nitrosodimethylamine, N-nitrosomethylethylamine, and N-nitrosodiethylamine were predominant with concentrations ranging from 1.2 to 7.4 mu g L-1. Mechanistic studies showed that the formation kinetics of nitrosamines was influenced by urine aging and composition, with fresh urine generating the highest levels (0.9-5.8 mu g L-1) compared with aged, centrifuged, or filtered urine (0.2-4.1 mu g L-1). Concurrently, studies on urine pretreatment through filtration and centrifugation underscored the significance of nitrogenous metabolites (such as protein-like products and urinary amino acids) and particle-associated humic fractions in nitrosamine formation during EC of urine. This finding was confirmed through chromatographic and spectroscopic studies utilizing LCOCD, Raman spectra, and 3DEEM fluorescence spectra. Parametric studies demonstrated that the ultimate [nitrosamines] increased at a pH range of 4.5-6.2, and with increasing [bromide], [ammonium], and current density. Conversely, sulfate and carbonate ions inhibited nitrosamine formation. Moreover, the implications of EC in urine-containing source waters were evaluated. The results indicate that regardless of the urine source (individual volunteers, septic tank, swimming pool, untreated municipal wastewater), high levels of nitrosamines (0.1-17.6 mu g L-1) were generated, surpassing the potable reuse guideline of 10 ng L-1. Overall, this study provides insights to elucidate the mechanisms underlying nitrosamine formation and optimize the operating conditions. Such insights facilitate suppressing the generation of nitrosamine byproducts during electrochemical treatment of urine-containing wastewater.</dd></dl> <dl><dt>URI</dt><dd><a href="https://oasis.postech.ac.kr/handle/2014.oak/124805" class="link_type">https://oasis.postech.ac.kr/handle/2014.oak/124805</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>DOI</dt><dd><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2024.122190">10.1016/j.watres.2024.122190</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>ISSN</dt><dd>0043-1354</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Article Type</dt><dd>Article</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Citation</dt><dd>Water Research, vol. 263, 2024-10</dd></dl> <dl class="file_item_dl"><dt>Files in This Item:</dt> <dd class="file_download">There are no files associated with this item.</dd> </dl> </div> <div class="record_bt_box"> <a href="/handle/2014.oak/124805?mode=full">Show full item record</a> </div> <div class="al_right"> </div> <div class="sns_wrap"> <div class="sns_box"> <p class="qr_box"><img src="https://api.qrserver.com/v1/create-qr-code/?size=66x66&data=https://oasis.postech.ac.kr/handle/2014.oak/124805" alt="qr_code"></p> <div class="sns_inner"> <ul> <li> <p><a href="http://www.mendeley.com/import/?url=https://oasis.postech.ac.kr/handle/2014.oak/124805" target="_blank"><img src="/image/common/mendeley_icon.gif" alt="mendeley" /></a></p> <p class="twitter_box"> <a href="https://twitter.com/share" class="tweet_bt twitter-share-button" data-lang="en" data-size="large" data-dnt="true">트윗하기</a> <script> !function(d, s, id) { var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (!d.getElementById(id)) { js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = "//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js"; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); } }(document, "script", "twitter-wjs"); </script> </p> </li> <li class="facebook_li"> <span id="fb-root"></span> <script> (function(d, s, id) { var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) return; js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = "//connect.facebook.net/ko_KR/all.js#xfbml=1"; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); }(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk')); </script> <span class="fb-like" data-send="true" data-layout="standard" data-width="450" data-show-faces="false" data-font="verdana"></span> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <p class="sns_text"> <span> Items in DSpace are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.</span> </p> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="sub_right_box"> <div class="w_cc"> <h4 class="widget_title">Communities & Collection</h4> <ul> <li><a href="/handle/2014.oak/458" class="cc_item">General Graduate School> Environmental Engineering (일반대학원 환경공학부)</a> <ul> <li><a href="/handle/2014.oak/459">1. 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