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About: Double layer (surface science)
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class="text-nowrap">An Entity of Type: <a href="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Thing">Thing</a>, </span> <span class="text-nowrap">from Named Graph: <a href="http://dbpedia.org">http://dbpedia.org</a>, </span> <span class="text-nowrap">within Data Space: <a href="http://dbpedia.org">dbpedia.org</a></span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row pt-2"> <div class="col-xs-9 col-sm-10"> <p class="lead">A double layer (DL, also called an electrical double layer, EDL) is a structure that appears on the surface of an object when it is exposed to a fluid. The object might be a solid particle, a gas bubble, a liquid droplet, or a porous body. The DL refers to two parallel layers of charge surrounding the object. The first layer, the surface charge (either positive or negative), consists of ions adsorbed onto the object due to chemical interactions. The second layer is composed of ions attracted to the surface charge via the Coulomb force, electrically screening the first layer. This second layer is loosely associated with the object. It is made of free ions that move in the fluid under the influence of electric attraction and thermal motion rather than being firmly anchored. It is thus called</p> </div> <div class="col-xs-3 col-sm-2"> <a href="#" class="thumbnail"> <img src="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Double_Layer.png?width=300" alt="thumbnail" class="img-fluid" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </section> <!-- page-header --> <!-- property-table --> <section> <div class="container-xl"> <div class="row"> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="table table-hover table-sm table-light"> <thead> <tr> <th class="col-xs-3 ">Property</th> <th class="col-xs-9 px-3">Value</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="odd"><td class="col-2"><a class="uri" href="http://dbpedia.org/ontology/abstract"><small>dbo:</small>abstract</a> </td><td class="col-10 text-break"><ul> <li style="display:none;"><span class="literal"><span property="dbo:abstract" lang="ca" >La doble capa elèctrica descriu la variació del potencial elèctric pròxim a una superfície. La doble capa és un terme que descriu l'arranjament que presenten els ions i les molècules de dissolvent en solució en aproximar-se a la superfície d'un elèctrode carregat elèctricament, de tal manera que es presenten dues capes amb polaritat diferent separades per una distància d'ordre molecular. Aquest fenomen té una gran importància en el comportament dels col·loides i altres superfícies en contacte amb dissolvents. Un dels efectes principals de l'existència de la doble capa en la interfície elèctrode-dissolució és l'acumulació de càrrega o capacitància, superposada a una activitat faràdica.</span><small> (ca)</small></span></li> <li style="display:none;"><span class="literal"><span property="dbo:abstract" lang="de" >Elektrochemische Doppelschicht, elektrolytische Doppelschicht oder kurz Doppelschicht sind gebräuchliche Namen für Grenzschichten, an denen sich elektrisch getrennte geladene Schichten gegenüberstehen.</span><small> (de)</small></span></li> <li><span class="literal"><span property="dbo:abstract" lang="en" >A double layer (DL, also called an electrical double layer, EDL) is a structure that appears on the surface of an object when it is exposed to a fluid. The object might be a solid particle, a gas bubble, a liquid droplet, or a porous body. The DL refers to two parallel layers of charge surrounding the object. The first layer, the surface charge (either positive or negative), consists of ions adsorbed onto the object due to chemical interactions. The second layer is composed of ions attracted to the surface charge via the Coulomb force, electrically screening the first layer. This second layer is loosely associated with the object. It is made of free ions that move in the fluid under the influence of electric attraction and thermal motion rather than being firmly anchored. It is thus called the "diffuse layer". Interfacial DLs are most apparent in systems with a large surface area to volume ratio, such as a colloid or porous bodies with particles or pores (respectively) on the scale of micrometres to nanometres. However, DLs are important to other phenomena, such as the electrochemical behaviour of electrodes. DLs play a fundamental role in many everyday substances. For instance, homogenized milk exists only because fat droplets are covered with a DL that prevents their coagulation into butter. DLs exist in practically all heterogeneous fluid-based systems, such as blood, paint, ink and ceramic and cement slurry. The DL is closely related to electrokinetic phenomena and electroacoustic phenomena.</span><small> (en)</small></span></li> <li style="display:none;"><span class="literal"><span property="dbo:abstract" lang="es" >La doble capa eléctrica es la estructura que comprende la región de interfase entre dos fases. Contiene una distribución compleja de carga eléctrica que proviene de la transferencia de carga entre las fases, adsorción de los iones positivos y negativos, orientación de las moléculas con momento dipolar y polarización de la carga eléctrica en las moléculas. Adquiere gran importancia en el comportamiento de los coloides y otras superficies en contacto con solventes. Uno de los principales efectos de la existencia de la doble capa en la interfaz electrodo-solución es la acumulación de carga o capacidad, superpuesta a una actividad faradaica.</span><small> (es)</small></span></li> <li style="display:none;"><span class="literal"><span property="dbo:abstract" lang="fr" >La double couche électrique est un modèle décrivant la variation du potentiel électrique aux abords d'une surface. Elle intervient principalement lors de l'étude du comportement des colloïdes et des surfaces en contact avec des solutions. L'épaisseur de la double couche électrique est appelée longueur de Debye.</span><small> (fr)</small></span></li> <li style="display:none;"><span class="literal"><span property="dbo:abstract" lang="in" >Sebuah lapisan ganda (LG, juga disebut sebagai lapisan ganda elektrikal, LGE) adalah suatu struktur yang muncul pada permukaan suatu benda ketika terkena sebuah fluida. Objek tersebut dapat berupa partikel padat, gelembung gas, tetesan cairan, atau . LG mengacu pada dua lapisan paralel bermuatan di sekitar objek. Lapisan pertama, berupa permukaan yang bermuatan, terdiri dari ion yang teradsorpsi ke dalam objek tersebut karena adanya interaksi kimia. Lapisan kedua terdiri dari ion yang tertarik ke muatan permukaan karena adanya gaya Coloumb. Lapisan kedua memiliki ikatan yang lemah terhadap objek tersebut.</span><small> (in)</small></span></li> <li style="display:none;"><span class="literal"><span property="dbo:abstract" lang="it" >In elettrochimica, il doppio strato elettrico (in inglese electric double-layer) consiste in una struttura che si origina all'interfaccia solido-liquido, in corrispondenza della quale si instaura un trasferimento di carica elettrica accompagnato dallo svolgersi di semireazioni redox. In una cella elettrochimica, la fase solida è rappresentata dall'elettrodo mentre la fase liquida è rappresentata dall'elettrolita (in particolare da una soluzione elettrolitica o da un sale fuso). Siccome in una cella elettrochimica si hanno due elettrodi (il catodo e l'anodo), si avranno due doppi strati elettrici, ciascuno relativo a un elettrodo.</span><small> (it)</small></span></li> <li style="display:none;"><span class="literal"><span property="dbo:abstract" lang="nl" >De elektrochemische dubbellaag of EDL (Engels: electrical double layer) is een fysisch-chemisch verschijnsel dat optreedt rond oppervlakken die in contact staan met een vloeistof waarin ionen opgelost zijn. Eenvoudig gezegd is er bij een dubbellaag sprake van een geladen oppervlak dat opgeloste ionen van tegengestelde lading aantrekt.</span><small> (nl)</small></span></li> <li style="display:none;"><span class="literal"><span property="dbo:abstract" lang="ja" >電気二重層(でんきにじゅうそう、Electrical double layer (EDL))は、流体(荷電粒子が比較的自由に動ける系)中の物体の界面に電位が与えられたときに形成される2層の構造である。 一般に、仕事関数の違いや帯電の影響によって、2つの異なる物質が接する界面には電位差が生じる。そのため、どちらかの物質中で荷電粒子が移動可能であれば、界面には必ず電気二重層が形成される。具体的には、電気分解を行う際の電解液と電極の界面、コロイド粒子と分散媒の界面、半導体のpn接合面などについて考えられることが多い。他にも気泡、液滴、多孔質体などの表面に生じる。 電気二重層は、正電荷の表面に固定吸着された陰イオン(または負電荷に吸着した陽イオン)からなる非常に薄い層(Stern-Helmholtz層)と、静電引力の中で拡散しつつ濃度分布が生じる層(拡散層あるいはGouy-Chapman層)の2つの層で構成される。 電気二重層は、微小なスケールでの物質の運動に大きな影響を与えるため、ほとんどの電気化学現象のほか、コロイドの安定性や、Micro-TASでの流体力学などを考える際に重要となる。</span><small> (ja)</small></span></li> <li style="display:none;"><span class="literal"><span property="dbo:abstract" lang="pl" >Podwójna warstwa elektryczna – w fizykochemii koloidów i elektrochemii, to określenie modelu struktury pojawiającej się na granicy dwóch faz. Podwójna warstwa elektryczna ma fundamentalne znaczenie w opisie złożonych i powszechnie spotykanych struktur materii. Jest powodem stabilności wielu układów koloidalnych, na przykład mleka.</span><small> (pl)</small></span></li> <li style="display:none;"><span class="literal"><span property="dbo:abstract" lang="sv" >Det elektriska dubbelskiktet är en modell som beskriver den elektriska potentialens variation nära en yta hos en partikel i ett vätskemedium. Det skikt av som bildas kring partiklar med laddad yta i en partiklulär lösning, oftast av kolloidala dimensioner, har en repulsiv inverkan, vilket har en stor betydelse för den kolloidala stabiliteten. Om potentialen är för låg kommer partiklarna att agglomerera (klumpa ihop sig). Salttillsatser ökar elektrolytkoncentrationen och minskar det elektriska dubbelskiktets betydelse, vilket destabiliserar lösningen. De elektriska dubbelskiktet består av ett kompakt lager av motjoner där potentialen sjunker linjärt med avståndet från partikelytan. Sedan följer ett diffust lager av rörliga joner. Mellan dessa lager finns ett skjuvplan, där man kan uppmäta potentialen, kallad . Zeta-potentialen används som ett mått på dubbelskiktets tjocklek, och således dess stabiliserande inverkan på en suspension.</span><small> (sv)</small></span></li> <li style="display:none;"><span class="literal"><span property="dbo:abstract" lang="uk" >Подві́йний електри́чний шар (ПЕШ), (рос. двойной электрический слой (ДЭС), англ. double electric layer; нім. elektrische Doppelschicht f) — тонкий шар на межі двох фаз із просторово розділених електричних зарядів протилежного знаку. Оскільки просторовий розподіл зарядів завжди супроводжується виникненням електричної різниці потенціалів, ПЕШ можна розглядати, як своєрідний мікроконденсатор, відстань між обкладками якого визначається молекулярними розмірами.</span><small> (uk)</small></span></li> <li style="display:none;"><span class="literal"><span property="dbo:abstract" lang="ru" >Двойно́й электри́ческий слой (межфазный) (ДЭС) — слой ионов, образующийся на поверхности твёрдого тела в результате адсорбции ионов из раствора, диссоциации поверхностного соединения или ориентирования полярных молекул на границе раздела фаз. Ионы, непосредственно связанные с поверхностью, называются потенциалоопределяющими. Заряд этого слоя компенсируется зарядом второго слоя ионов, называемых противоионами. Стадии электродных процессов. Любая протекающая на электроде реакция в водном растворе, то есть электродный процесс, включает несколько последовательных стадий: 1) ион водорода из глубины раствора подходит к границе двойного электрического слоя и затем через диффузную часть двойного электрического слоя — к поверхности электрода на расстояние толщины двойного электрического слоя с высокой плотностью заряда, где может произойти переход электрона с электрода на ион; 2) подошедший к поверхности электрода ион водорода разряжается (то есть на него переходит электрон с электрода) и на электроде образуется адсорбированный атом водорода; 3) адсорбированный атомный водород удаляется с поверхности электрода с образованием молекулярного водорода, причем удаление атомного водорода с поверхности электрода может быть осуществлено различными путями.</span><small> (ru)</small></span></li> <li style="display:none;"><span class="literal"><span property="dbo:abstract" lang="zh" >双电层(double layer,缩写DL)模型是胶体化学中有关胶体结构的一个模型,是一种在物体暴露于流体时出现在物体表面的结构。物体可能是固体颗粒,气泡,液滴或多孔介质。双电层是指围绕物体的两个平行电荷层。第一层表面电荷由因化学相互作用而吸附到物体上的离子组成。第二层由受到表面电荷的库仑力吸引的离子组成,第二层对第一层有电场屏蔽作用。第二层由自由离子组成,与物体本身的联系很松散,这些自由离子在电吸引和热运动的影响下在流体中移动,而不是被牢固地锚定。因此,第二层被称为“扩散层”。 界面双电层在表面积与体积之比较大的系统中最为明显,例如微米尺度上的胶体或带有纳米尺度的微粒或孔的多孔体。但是,双电层对其他现象(例如电极的电化学行为)同样起重要的影响。 双电层在许多日常物质中起着基本作用。例如,存在均质的牛奶仅是因为脂肪滴被双电层覆盖,阻止了其凝结成奶油。双电层实际上存在于所有基于异质流体的系统中,例如血液,油漆,油墨,陶瓷和水泥浆。 双电层与和密切相关。</span><small> (zh)</small></span></li> </ul></td></tr><tr class="even"><td class="col-2"><a class="uri" href="http://dbpedia.org/ontology/thumbnail"><small>dbo:</small>thumbnail</a> </td><td class="col-10 text-break"><ul> <li><span class="literal"><a class="uri" rel="dbo:thumbnail" resource="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Double_Layer.png?width=300" href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Double_Layer.png?width=300"><small>wiki-commons</small>:Special:FilePath/Double_Layer.png?width=300</a></span></li> </ul></td></tr><tr class="odd"><td 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class="col-10 text-break"><ul> <li><span class="literal"><a class="uri" rel="rdf:type" resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Thing" href="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Thing"><small>owl</small>:Thing</a></span></li> </ul></td></tr><tr class="odd"><td class="col-2"><a class="uri" href="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment"><small>rdfs:</small>comment</a> </td><td class="col-10 text-break"><ul> <li style="display:none;"><span class="literal"><span property="rdfs:comment" lang="ca" >La doble capa elèctrica descriu la variació del potencial elèctric pròxim a una superfície. La doble capa és un terme que descriu l'arranjament que presenten els ions i les molècules de dissolvent en solució en aproximar-se a la superfície d'un elèctrode carregat elèctricament, de tal manera que es presenten dues capes amb polaritat diferent separades per una distància d'ordre molecular. Aquest fenomen té una gran importància en el comportament dels col·loides i altres superfícies en contacte amb dissolvents. Un dels efectes principals de l'existència de la doble capa en la interfície elèctrode-dissolució és l'acumulació de càrrega o capacitància, superposada a una activitat faràdica.</span><small> (ca)</small></span></li> <li style="display:none;"><span class="literal"><span property="rdfs:comment" lang="de" >Elektrochemische Doppelschicht, elektrolytische Doppelschicht oder kurz Doppelschicht sind gebräuchliche Namen für Grenzschichten, an denen sich elektrisch getrennte geladene Schichten gegenüberstehen.</span><small> (de)</small></span></li> <li style="display:none;"><span class="literal"><span property="rdfs:comment" lang="es" >La doble capa eléctrica es la estructura que comprende la región de interfase entre dos fases. Contiene una distribución compleja de carga eléctrica que proviene de la transferencia de carga entre las fases, adsorción de los iones positivos y negativos, orientación de las moléculas con momento dipolar y polarización de la carga eléctrica en las moléculas. Adquiere gran importancia en el comportamiento de los coloides y otras superficies en contacto con solventes. Uno de los principales efectos de la existencia de la doble capa en la interfaz electrodo-solución es la acumulación de carga o capacidad, superpuesta a una actividad faradaica.</span><small> (es)</small></span></li> <li style="display:none;"><span class="literal"><span property="rdfs:comment" lang="fr" >La double couche électrique est un modèle décrivant la variation du potentiel électrique aux abords d'une surface. Elle intervient principalement lors de l'étude du comportement des colloïdes et des surfaces en contact avec des solutions. L'épaisseur de la double couche électrique est appelée longueur de Debye.</span><small> (fr)</small></span></li> <li style="display:none;"><span class="literal"><span property="rdfs:comment" lang="in" >Sebuah lapisan ganda (LG, juga disebut sebagai lapisan ganda elektrikal, LGE) adalah suatu struktur yang muncul pada permukaan suatu benda ketika terkena sebuah fluida. Objek tersebut dapat berupa partikel padat, gelembung gas, tetesan cairan, atau . LG mengacu pada dua lapisan paralel bermuatan di sekitar objek. Lapisan pertama, berupa permukaan yang bermuatan, terdiri dari ion yang teradsorpsi ke dalam objek tersebut karena adanya interaksi kimia. Lapisan kedua terdiri dari ion yang tertarik ke muatan permukaan karena adanya gaya Coloumb. Lapisan kedua memiliki ikatan yang lemah terhadap objek tersebut.</span><small> (in)</small></span></li> <li style="display:none;"><span class="literal"><span property="rdfs:comment" lang="nl" >De elektrochemische dubbellaag of EDL (Engels: electrical double layer) is een fysisch-chemisch verschijnsel dat optreedt rond oppervlakken die in contact staan met een vloeistof waarin ionen opgelost zijn. Eenvoudig gezegd is er bij een dubbellaag sprake van een geladen oppervlak dat opgeloste ionen van tegengestelde lading aantrekt.</span><small> (nl)</small></span></li> <li style="display:none;"><span class="literal"><span property="rdfs:comment" lang="ja" >電気二重層(でんきにじゅうそう、Electrical double layer (EDL))は、流体(荷電粒子が比較的自由に動ける系)中の物体の界面に電位が与えられたときに形成される2層の構造である。 一般に、仕事関数の違いや帯電の影響によって、2つの異なる物質が接する界面には電位差が生じる。そのため、どちらかの物質中で荷電粒子が移動可能であれば、界面には必ず電気二重層が形成される。具体的には、電気分解を行う際の電解液と電極の界面、コロイド粒子と分散媒の界面、半導体のpn接合面などについて考えられることが多い。他にも気泡、液滴、多孔質体などの表面に生じる。 電気二重層は、正電荷の表面に固定吸着された陰イオン(または負電荷に吸着した陽イオン)からなる非常に薄い層(Stern-Helmholtz層)と、静電引力の中で拡散しつつ濃度分布が生じる層(拡散層あるいはGouy-Chapman層)の2つの層で構成される。 電気二重層は、微小なスケールでの物質の運動に大きな影響を与えるため、ほとんどの電気化学現象のほか、コロイドの安定性や、Micro-TASでの流体力学などを考える際に重要となる。</span><small> (ja)</small></span></li> <li style="display:none;"><span class="literal"><span property="rdfs:comment" lang="pl" >Podwójna warstwa elektryczna – w fizykochemii koloidów i elektrochemii, to określenie modelu struktury pojawiającej się na granicy dwóch faz. Podwójna warstwa elektryczna ma fundamentalne znaczenie w opisie złożonych i powszechnie spotykanych struktur materii. Jest powodem stabilności wielu układów koloidalnych, na przykład mleka.</span><small> (pl)</small></span></li> <li style="display:none;"><span class="literal"><span property="rdfs:comment" lang="uk" >Подві́йний електри́чний шар (ПЕШ), (рос. двойной электрический слой (ДЭС), англ. double electric layer; нім. elektrische Doppelschicht f) — тонкий шар на межі двох фаз із просторово розділених електричних зарядів протилежного знаку. Оскільки просторовий розподіл зарядів завжди супроводжується виникненням електричної різниці потенціалів, ПЕШ можна розглядати, як своєрідний мікроконденсатор, відстань між обкладками якого визначається молекулярними розмірами.</span><small> (uk)</small></span></li> <li style="display:none;"><span class="literal"><span property="rdfs:comment" lang="zh" >双电层(double layer,缩写DL)模型是胶体化学中有关胶体结构的一个模型,是一种在物体暴露于流体时出现在物体表面的结构。物体可能是固体颗粒,气泡,液滴或多孔介质。双电层是指围绕物体的两个平行电荷层。第一层表面电荷由因化学相互作用而吸附到物体上的离子组成。第二层由受到表面电荷的库仑力吸引的离子组成,第二层对第一层有电场屏蔽作用。第二层由自由离子组成,与物体本身的联系很松散,这些自由离子在电吸引和热运动的影响下在流体中移动,而不是被牢固地锚定。因此,第二层被称为“扩散层”。 界面双电层在表面积与体积之比较大的系统中最为明显,例如微米尺度上的胶体或带有纳米尺度的微粒或孔的多孔体。但是,双电层对其他现象(例如电极的电化学行为)同样起重要的影响。 双电层在许多日常物质中起着基本作用。例如,存在均质的牛奶仅是因为脂肪滴被双电层覆盖,阻止了其凝结成奶油。双电层实际上存在于所有基于异质流体的系统中,例如血液,油漆,油墨,陶瓷和水泥浆。 双电层与和密切相关。</span><small> (zh)</small></span></li> <li><span class="literal"><span property="rdfs:comment" lang="en" >A double layer (DL, also called an electrical double layer, EDL) is a structure that appears on the surface of an object when it is exposed to a fluid. The object might be a solid particle, a gas bubble, a liquid droplet, or a porous body. The DL refers to two parallel layers of charge surrounding the object. The first layer, the surface charge (either positive or negative), consists of ions adsorbed onto the object due to chemical interactions. The second layer is composed of ions attracted to the surface charge via the Coulomb force, electrically screening the first layer. This second layer is loosely associated with the object. It is made of free ions that move in the fluid under the influence of electric attraction and thermal motion rather than being firmly anchored. It is thus called</span><small> (en)</small></span></li> <li style="display:none;"><span class="literal"><span property="rdfs:comment" lang="it" >In elettrochimica, il doppio strato elettrico (in inglese electric double-layer) consiste in una struttura che si origina all'interfaccia solido-liquido, in corrispondenza della quale si instaura un trasferimento di carica elettrica accompagnato dallo svolgersi di semireazioni redox.</span><small> (it)</small></span></li> <li style="display:none;"><span class="literal"><span property="rdfs:comment" lang="ru" >Двойно́й электри́ческий слой (межфазный) (ДЭС) — слой ионов, образующийся на поверхности твёрдого тела в результате адсорбции ионов из раствора, диссоциации поверхностного соединения или ориентирования полярных молекул на границе раздела фаз. Ионы, непосредственно связанные с поверхностью, называются потенциалоопределяющими. Заряд этого слоя компенсируется зарядом второго слоя ионов, называемых противоионами. Стадии электродных процессов. Любая протекающая на электроде реакция в водном растворе, то есть электродный процесс, включает несколько последовательных стадий:</span><small> (ru)</small></span></li> <li style="display:none;"><span class="literal"><span property="rdfs:comment" lang="sv" >Det elektriska dubbelskiktet är en modell som beskriver den elektriska potentialens variation nära en yta hos en partikel i ett vätskemedium. Det skikt av som bildas kring partiklar med laddad yta i en partiklulär lösning, oftast av kolloidala dimensioner, har en repulsiv inverkan, vilket har en stor betydelse för den kolloidala stabiliteten. Om potentialen är för låg kommer partiklarna att agglomerera (klumpa ihop sig). Salttillsatser ökar elektrolytkoncentrationen och minskar det elektriska dubbelskiktets betydelse, vilket destabiliserar lösningen.</span><small> (sv)</small></span></li> </ul></td></tr><tr class="even"><td class="col-2"><a class="uri" href="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label"><small>rdfs:</small>label</a> </td><td class="col-10 text-break"><ul> <li style="display:none;"><span class="literal"><span property="rdfs:label" lang="ca" >Doble capa elèctrica</span><small> (ca)</small></span></li> <li style="display:none;"><span class="literal"><span property="rdfs:label" lang="de" >Elektrochemische Doppelschicht</span><small> (de)</small></span></li> <li style="display:none;"><span class="literal"><span property="rdfs:label" lang="es" >Doble capa eléctrica</span><small> (es)</small></span></li> <li><span class="literal"><span property="rdfs:label" lang="en" >Double layer (surface science)</span><small> (en)</small></span></li> <li style="display:none;"><span class="literal"><span property="rdfs:label" lang="fr" >Double couche électrique</span><small> (fr)</small></span></li> <li style="display:none;"><span class="literal"><span property="rdfs:label" lang="in" >Lapisan ganda (ilmu permukaan)</span><small> (in)</small></span></li> <li style="display:none;"><span class="literal"><span property="rdfs:label" lang="it" >Doppio strato elettrico</span><small> (it)</small></span></li> <li style="display:none;"><span class="literal"><span property="rdfs:label" lang="ja" >電気二重層</span><small> (ja)</small></span></li> <li style="display:none;"><span class="literal"><span property="rdfs:label" lang="nl" >Elektrochemische dubbellaag</span><small> (nl)</small></span></li> <li style="display:none;"><span class="literal"><span property="rdfs:label" lang="pl" >Podwójna warstwa elektryczna</span><small> (pl)</small></span></li> <li style="display:none;"><span class="literal"><span property="rdfs:label" lang="ru" >Двойной электрический слой</span><small> (ru)</small></span></li> 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