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vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Początek</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Tradycyjna_historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tradycyjna_historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Tradycyjna historia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tradycyjna_historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Park_Norbulingka_i_Pałac_Letni_oraz_inne_działania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Park_Norbulingka_i_Pałac_Letni_oraz_inne_działania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Park Norbulingka i Pałac Letni oraz inne działania</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Park_Norbulingka_i_Pałac_Letni_oraz_inne_działania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Późniejsze_życie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Późniejsze_życie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Późniejsze życie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Późniejsze_życie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Przypisy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Przypisy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Przypisy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Przypisy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Spis treści" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Przełącz stan spisu treści" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Przełącz stan spisu treści</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Jamphel Gjaco</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Przejdź do artykułu w innym języku. Treść dostępna w 34 językach" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">34 języki</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%88" title="جامفيل غياتسو – arabski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جامفيل غياتسو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalai_Lama_8-s%C3%A8" title="Dalai Lama 8-sè – minnański" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Dalai Lama 8-sè" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%A4%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%92%E0%BE%B1%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%9A%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B" title="བྱམས་སྤེལ་རྒྱ་མཚོ་ – tybetański" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="བྱམས་སྤེལ་རྒྱ་མཚོ་" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tybetański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/8-%D1%80_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="8-р Далай Лама – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="8-р Далай Лама" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamphel_Gyatso" title="Jamphel Gyatso – kataloński" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jamphel Gyatso" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataloński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEampal_Gjamccho" title="Džampal Gjamccho – czeski" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Džampal Gjamccho" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="czeski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamphel_Gyatso" title="Jamphel Gyatso – korsykański" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Jamphel Gyatso" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsykański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jampel_Gyatsho" title="Jampel Gyatsho – niemiecki" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jampel Gyatsho" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8th_Dalai_Lama" title="8th Dalai Lama – angielski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="8th Dalai Lama" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angielski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamphel_Gyatso" title="Jamphel Gyatso – hiszpański" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jamphel Gyatso" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hiszpański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamphel_Gyatso" title="Jamphel Gyatso – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Jamphel Gyatso" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamphel_Gyatso" title="Jamphel Gyatso – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Jamphel Gyatso" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7" title="هشتمین دالایی لاما – perski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هشتمین دالایی لاما" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamphel_Gyatso" title="Jamphel Gyatso – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jamphel Gyatso" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%9C8%EB%8C%80_%EB%8B%AC%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4_%EB%9D%BC%EB%A7%88" title="제8대 달라이 라마 – koreański" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="제8대 달라이 라마" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B5_%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1_VIII" title="Դալայ լամա VIII – ormiański" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դալայ լամա VIII" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ormiański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalai_Lama_ke-8" title="Dalai Lama ke-8 – indonezyjski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Dalai Lama ke-8" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jampel_Gyatso" title="Jampel Gyatso – włoski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Jampel Gyatso" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="włoski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzsampal_Gyaco" title="Dzsampal Gyaco – węgierski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Dzsampal Gyaco" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="węgierski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%83%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%BE" title="Џамфел Ѓацо – macedoński" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Џамфел Ѓацо" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE" title="എട്ടാം ദലായ് ലാമ – malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="എട്ടാം ദലായ് ലാമ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%88" title="جامفيل جياتسو – egipski arabski" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جامفيل جياتسو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egipski arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamp%C3%A4l_Gyatso" title="Jampäl Gyatso – niderlandzki" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jampäl Gyatso" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%80%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A9%E3%83%9E8%E4%B8%96" title="ダライ・ラマ8世 – japoński" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ダライ・ラマ8世" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamphel_Gyatso" title="Jamphel Gyatso – norweski (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jamphel Gyatso" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norweski (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamphel_Gyatso" title="Jamphel Gyatso – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jamphel Gyatso" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9-%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_VIII" title="Далай-лама VIII – rosyjski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Далай-лама VIII" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rosyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamphel_Gyatso" title="Jamphel Gyatso – szwedzki" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jamphel Gyatso" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="szwedzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikawalong_Dalai_Lama_ng_Tibet" title="Ikawalong Dalai Lama ng Tibet – tagalski" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ikawalong Dalai Lama ng Tibet" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/VIII-%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9-%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="VIII-ки Далай-Лама – tuwiński" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="VIII-ки Далай-Лама" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuwiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9-%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_VIII" title="Далай-лама VIII – ukraiński" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Далай-лама VIII" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7_%DB%81%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%85" title="دلائی لاما ہشتم – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="دلائی لاما ہشتم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%B7%E7%99%BD%E5%98%89%E6%8E%AA" title="強白嘉措 – kantoński" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="強白嘉措" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E5%85%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%BE%BE%E8%B5%96%E5%96%87%E5%98%9B" title="第八世达赖喇嘛 – chiński" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="第八世达赖喇嘛" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q25248#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edytuj linki pomiędzy wersjami językowymi" class="wbc-editpage">Edytuj linki</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Przestrzenie nazw"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Jamphel_Gjaco" title="Zobacz stronę treści [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artykuł</span></a></li><li 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class="infobox"> <caption class="naglowek"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r65781301">.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex{display:flex;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:center;gap:4px}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex>.iboxt-ikona{flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:0;font-size:7px;max-width:40px;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex>.iboxt-tekst{flex-grow:1}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-1{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-2{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-3{font-style:italic;font-size:90%}</style><div class="iboxt-1">Jamphel Gjaco</div> </caption> <tbody><tr class="grafika iboxs"> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Jamphel_Gyatso,_8th_Dalai_Lama_-_AMNH_-_DSC06244.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ilustracja" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Jamphel_Gyatso%2C_8th_Dalai_Lama_-_AMNH_-_DSC06244.JPG/180px-Jamphel_Gyatso%2C_8th_Dalai_Lama_-_AMNH_-_DSC06244.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Jamphel_Gyatso%2C_8th_Dalai_Lama_-_AMNH_-_DSC06244.JPG/270px-Jamphel_Gyatso%2C_8th_Dalai_Lama_-_AMNH_-_DSC06244.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Jamphel_Gyatso%2C_8th_Dalai_Lama_-_AMNH_-_DSC06244.JPG/360px-Jamphel_Gyatso%2C_8th_Dalai_Lama_-_AMNH_-_DSC06244.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3240" data-file-height="4320" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#ddd; color:black; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #aaa;"><a href="/wiki/Dalajlama" title="Dalajlama">VIII Dalajlama</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Okres </th> <td> <p>od 1762<br />do 1804 </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Koronacja </th> <td> <p>1786 </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Poprzednik </th> <td> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kelzang_Gjaco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kelzang Gjaco (strona nie istnieje)">Kelzang Gjaco</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Następca </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Lungtok_Gjaco" title="Lungtok Gjaco">Lungtok Gjaco</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#ddd; color:black; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #aaa;">Dane biograficzne </td></tr> <tr> <th>Data i miejsce urodzenia </th> <td> <p>1758 <br />Thobgyal, <a href="/wiki/%C3%9C-Tsang" title="Ü-Tsang">Ü-Tsang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tybet" class="mw-disambig" title="Tybet">Tybet</a>, </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Data i miejsce śmierci </th> <td> <p>1804 <br /><a href="/wiki/Tybet" class="mw-disambig" title="Tybet">Tybet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dynastia_Qing" title="Dynastia Qing">Chiny</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; spacing:0px; padding:0px; height:0px;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Ojciec </th> <td> <p>Sonam Dhargye </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Matka </th> <td> <p>Phuntsok Wangmo </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; spacing:0px; padding:0px; height:0px;"> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Jamphel Gjaco</b> (1758–1804) – był ósmym <a href="/wiki/Dalajlama" title="Dalajlama">Dalajlamą</a> <a href="/wiki/Tybet_(region)" title="Tybet (region)">Tybetu</a>. </p><p>Urodzony w 1758 roku w Lhari Gang (Tob-rgyal Lha-ri Gang) w regionie Górnego <a href="/wiki/%C3%9C-Tsang" title="Ü-Tsang">Ü-Tsang</a> w południowo-zachodnim <a href="/wiki/Tybet_(region)" title="Tybet (region)">Tybecie</a>, jego ojciec Sonam Dhargye i matka Phuntsok Wangmo pochodzili z <a href="/wiki/Kham" title="Kham">Kham</a><sup id="cite_ref-Khetsun_Sangpo_Rinpoche_1982_p._47_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khetsun_Sangpo_Rinpoche_1982_p._47-1">[1]</a></sup>. Byli dalekimi potomkami Dhrali Tsegyala, który był jednym z głównych bohaterów <a href="/wiki/Gesar" title="Gesar">eposu Gesar</a><sup id="cite_ref-namgyalmonastery.org_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-namgyalmonastery.org-2">[2]</a></sup>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tradycyjna_historia">Tradycyjna historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamphel_Gjaco&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj sekcję: Tradycyjna historia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamphel_Gjaco&action=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Tradycyjna historia"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Został eskortowany do Lhasy i intronizowany jako przywódca Tybetańczyków w <a href="/wiki/Pa%C5%82ac_Potala" title="Pałac Potala">Pałacu Potala</a> w 7. miesiącu Roku Konia Wodnego (1762), gdy miał pięć lat (cztery według zachodnich szacunków). Ceremonii intronizacji przewodniczył Demo Tulku Jamphel Yeshi, pierwszy z szeregu regentów reprezentujących Dalajlamów, gdy byli nieletni<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup>. Ceremonia odbyła się w „Świątyni Poza Umysłem Drugiej Potali”<sup id="cite_ref-Khetsun_Sangpo_Rinpoche_1982_p._472_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khetsun_Sangpo_Rinpoche_1982_p._472-4">[4]</a></sup>. </p><p>Był uczniem Yongtsina Yeshe Gyaltsena, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kushok_Bakula_Rinpocze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kushok Bakula Rinpocze (strona nie istnieje)">Kushoka Bakuli Rinpocze</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup> </p><p>Krajem nadal rządzili regenci aż do Roku Drewnianego Smoka (1784), kiedy to regent został wysłany jako ambasador do Chin, a Dalajlama rządził samodzielnie aż do 1790, kiedy regent powrócił, aby pomóc Jamphelowi Gyatso. W 1788 roku doszło do konfliktu z <a href="/wiki/Nepalczycy" title="Nepalczycy">nepalskimi</a> handlarzami wełną, który doprowadził do potyczki z <a href="/wiki/Gurkhowie" title="Gurkhowie">Gurkhami</a>. W 1790 roku Gurkhowie najechali południowy Tybet i podbili kilka prowincji, w tym Nya-nang i Kyi-drong. Miasto Shigatse i klasztor Tashilhunpo zostały zdobyte i splądrowane, ale Gurkhowie zostali wypędzeni z powrotem do Nepalu w 1791 roku, po wysłaniu wojsk przez dynastię Qing do Tybetu. Traktat pokojowy między dynastią Qing a Gurkhami został zawarty w 1796 roku. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Park_Norbulingka_i_Pałac_Letni_oraz_inne_działania"><span id="Park_Norbulingka_i_Pa.C5.82ac_Letni_oraz_inne_dzia.C5.82ania"></span>Park Norbulingka i Pałac Letni oraz inne działania</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamphel_Gjaco&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj sekcję: Park Norbulingka i Pałac Letni oraz inne działania" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamphel_Gjaco&action=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Park Norbulingka i Pałac Letni oraz inne działania"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zbudował park <a href="/wiki/Norbulingka" title="Norbulingka">Norbulingka</a> i Pałac Letni w 1783 roku na obrzeżach Lhasy<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup>. Zamówił także dla mieszkańców południowego Tybetu przepiękny miedziany posąg Buddy, który sprowadzono do Indii w latach 60. XX wieku i obecnie znajduje się w Bibliotece Tybetańskich Dzieł i Archiwów w <i>Dharamsali</i> w Indiach<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Późniejsze_życie"><span id="P.C3.B3.C5.BAniejsze_.C5.BCycie"></span>Późniejsze życie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamphel_Gjaco&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj sekcję: Późniejsze życie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamphel_Gjaco&action=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Późniejsze życie"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>„Był osobą łagodną i kontemplacyjną, niezbyt interesującą się sprawami doczesnymi i chociaż dożył 45 lat [44 według zachodnich szacunków], przez większość swojego życia zadowalał się pozwoleniem regentowi na prowadzenie administracji”<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup>.</dd> <dd>Zmarł w 1804 roku w wieku 47 lat (46 według zachodnich szacunków)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup>.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamphel_Gjaco&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Edytuj sekcję: Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamphel_Gjaco&action=edit&section=4" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Bibliografia"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Khetsun Sangpo Rinpocze. (1982). „Życie i czasy od ósmego do dwunastego Dalajlamów”. <i>Dziennik Tybetański</i>. Tom. VII nr 1 i 2. Wiosna/Lato 1982, s. 47–48.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051213024822/http://www.dalailama.com/page.51.htm">https://web.archive.org/web/20051213024822/http://www.dalailama.com/page.51.htm</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Przypisy">Przypisy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamphel_Gjaco&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Edytuj sekcję: Przypisy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamphel_Gjaco&action=edit&section=5" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Przypisy"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="do-not-make-smaller refsection"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Khetsun_Sangpo_Rinpoche_1982_p._47-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Khetsun_Sangpo_Rinpoche_1982_p._47_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Khetsun Sangpo Rinpoche. (1982). "Life and times of the Eighth to Twelfth Dalai Lamas." <i>The Tibet Journal</i>. Vol. VII Nos. 1 & 2. Spring/Summer 1982, p. 47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-namgyalmonastery.org-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-namgyalmonastery.org_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071217034355/http://namgyalmonastery.org/hhdl/hhdl8">"The Eighth Dalai Lama JAMPHEL GYATSO"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071217034355/http://namgyalmonastery.org/hhdl/hhdl8">"The Eighth Dalai Lama JAMPHEL GYATSO."</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Khetsun_Sangpo_Rinpoche_1982_p._472-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Khetsun_Sangpo_Rinpoche_1982_p._472_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Khetsun Sangpo Rinpoche. (1982). "Life and times of the Eighth to Twelfth Dalai Lamas." <i>The Tibet Journal</i>. Vol. VII Nos. 1 & 2. Spring/Summer 1982, p. 47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Namang Tsering Shakspo: "The role of incarnate Lamas in Buddhist tradition: A Brief Surveyof bakula Rinpoche's Previous Incarnations" in "Recent Research on Ladakh", Proceedings of the 7th Colloquium of the International Association for Ladakh Studies held in Bonn/Sankt Augustin, 12–15 June 1995</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Dalai Lamas of Tibet</i>, p. 102. Thubten Samphel and Tendar. Roli & Janssen, New Delhi. (2004). <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/8174360859" title="Specjalna:Książki/8174360859">ISBN <span class="isbn">81-7436-085-9</span></a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sheel, R. N. Rahul. "The Institution of the Dalai Lama", p. 30. <i>The Tibet Journal</i>. Vol. XIV, No. 3. Autumn, 1989.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Edward_Richardson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hugh Edward Richardson (strona nie istnieje)">Richardson, Hugh E</a>. (1984). <i>Tibet and its History. Second Edition, Revised and Updated</i>, p. 59. Shambhala. Boston & London. <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/0877733767" title="Specjalna:Książki/0877733767">ISBN <span class="isbn">0-87773-376-7</span></a> (pbk)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Khetsun Sangpo Rinpoche. (1982). "Life and times of the Eighth to Twelfth Dalai Lamas." <i>The Tibet Journal</i>. Vol. VII Nos. 1 & 2. Spring/Summer 1982, pp. 47–48.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74016753">.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div+div{margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div>div{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);padding:.2em .5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul li:first-child{padding-left:.5em;border-left:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}</style> <div id="normdaten" class="catlinks"><div class="normdaten-typ-p"><div><a href="/wiki/Kontrola_autorytatywna" title="Kontrola autorytatywna">Kontrola autorytatywna</a> (<span class="description">osoba</span>):</div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000029132868">0000000029132868</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://viaf.org/viaf/50103327">50103327</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lccn.loc.gov/n85102859">n85102859</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/122235711">122235711</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_Universitaire_de_Documentation" title="Système Universitaire de Documentation">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idref.fr/114714592">114714592</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Holenderska_Biblioteka_Narodowa" title="Holenderska Biblioteka Narodowa">NTA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/doc/thes/p106988352">106988352</a></span></li><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Library" class="extiw" title="en:Open Library">Open Library</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL306597A">OL306597A</a></span></li></ul></div><div class="normdaten-andere"><div><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_internetowa" title="Encyklopedia internetowa">Encyklopedie internetowe</a>:</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_Britannica" title="Encyklopedia Britannica">Britannica</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jam-dpal-rgya-mtsho">biography/Jam-dpal-rgya-mtsho</a></span></li></ul> </div></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Źródło: „<a dir="ltr" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jamphel_Gjaco&oldid=74029425">https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jamphel_Gjaco&oldid=74029425</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Kategorie" title="Specjalna:Kategorie">Kategorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Dalajlamowie" title="Kategoria:Dalajlamowie">Dalajlamowie</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Urodzeni_w_1758" title="Kategoria:Urodzeni w 1758">Urodzeni w 1758</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Zmarli_w_1804" title="Kategoria:Zmarli w 1804">Zmarli w 1804</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Ukryte kategorie: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:W%C5%82a%C5%9Bciwo%C5%9B%C4%87_P569_inna_ni%C5%BC_wpisana_lokalnie" title="Kategoria:Właściwość P569 inna niż wpisana lokalnie">Właściwość P569 inna niż wpisana lokalnie</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Brak_w%C5%82a%C5%9Bciwo%C5%9Bci_P119_w_Wikidanych" title="Kategoria:Brak właściwości P119 w Wikidanych">Brak właściwości P119 w Wikidanych</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Tę stronę ostatnio edytowano 17 cze 2024, 11:53.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst udostępniany na licencji <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pl">Creative Commons: uznanie autorstwa, na tych samych warunkach</a>, z możliwością obowiązywania dodatkowych ograniczeń. 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