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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Business_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Business development </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Business_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_expansion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_expansion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 International expansion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_expansion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Creation_of_the_HSBC_Group" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Creation_of_the_HSBC_Group"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Creation of the HSBC Group </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Creation_of_the_HSBC_Group-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2000_to_2010" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2000_to_2010"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 2000 to 2010 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2000_to_2010-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2010_to_2013" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010_to_2013"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 2010 to 2013 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010_to_2013-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Since_2013" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Since_2013"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.7 Since 2013 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Since_2013-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Operations </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Operations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Operations subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Size,_profit_and_auditors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Size,_profit_and_auditors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Size, profit and auditors </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Size,_profit_and_auditors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Principal_business_groups_and_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Principal_business_groups_and_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Principal business groups and divisions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Principal_business_groups_and_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Commercial_Banking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commercial_Banking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.1 Commercial Banking </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commercial_Banking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wealth_and_Personal_Banking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wealth_and_Personal_Banking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.2 Wealth and Personal Banking </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wealth_and_Personal_Banking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Group_service_centers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Group_service_centers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.3 Group service centers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Group_service_centers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Principal_subsidiaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Principal_subsidiaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Principal subsidiaries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Principal_subsidiaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Specialized_Ventures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specialized_Ventures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.1 Specialized Ventures </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Specialized_Ventures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spin-offs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spin-offs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.2 Spin-offs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spin-offs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Products" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Products"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Products </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Products-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Products subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Products-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-HSBC_Direct" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#HSBC_Direct"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 HSBC Direct </div> </a> <ul id="toc-HSBC_Direct-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-HSBCnet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#HSBCnet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 HSBCnet </div> </a> <ul id="toc-HSBCnet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-HSBC_Advance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#HSBC_Advance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 HSBC Advance </div> </a> <ul id="toc-HSBC_Advance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-HSBC_Premier" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#HSBC_Premier"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 HSBC Premier </div> </a> <ul id="toc-HSBC_Premier-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-HSBC_Jade" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#HSBC_Jade"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 HSBC Jade </div> </a> <ul id="toc-HSBC_Jade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Controversies </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Controversies subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Money_laundering" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Money_laundering"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Money laundering </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Money_laundering-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-US_Senate_investigation_(2012)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#US_Senate_investigation_(2012)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.1 US Senate investigation (2012) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-US_Senate_investigation_(2012)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-FinCEN_Files_(2020)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#FinCEN_Files_(2020)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.2 FinCEN Files (2020) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-FinCEN_Files_(2020)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Forex,_Libor_and_Euribor_scandals_(2014)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Forex,_Libor_and_Euribor_scandals_(2014)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Forex, Libor and Euribor scandals (2014) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Forex,_Libor_and_Euribor_scandals_(2014)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Belgian_tax_fraud,_money_laundering_charges_(2014)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Belgian_tax_fraud,_money_laundering_charges_(2014)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Belgian tax fraud, money laundering charges (2014) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Belgian_tax_fraud,_money_laundering_charges_(2014)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tax_avoidance_schemes_(2015)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tax_avoidance_schemes_(2015)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Tax avoidance schemes (2015) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tax_avoidance_schemes_(2015)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-$3.5_billion_currency_scheme_(2016)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#$3.5_billion_currency_scheme_(2016)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 $3.5 billion currency scheme (2016) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-$3.5_billion_currency_scheme_(2016)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Defense_industry_(2018)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Defense_industry_(2018)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6 Defense industry (2018) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Defense_industry_(2018)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Housing_crisis_fine_(2018)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Housing_crisis_fine_(2018)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.7 Housing crisis fine (2018) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Housing_crisis_fine_(2018)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Support_for_China's_Security_Law_for_Hong_Kong_(2020)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Support_for_China's_Security_Law_for_Hong_Kong_(2020)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.8 Support for China's Security Law for Hong Kong (2020) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Support_for_China's_Security_Law_for_Hong_Kong_(2020)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sterling_Lads_(2021)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sterling_Lads_(2021)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.9 Sterling Lads (2021) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sterling_Lads_(2021)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.10 Other </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Data_loss_(2008)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Data_loss_(2008)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.10.1 Data loss (2008) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Data_loss_(2008)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Breaching_Iran_sanctions_for_Huawei_(2009–2014)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Breaching_Iran_sanctions_for_Huawei_(2009–2014)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.10.2 Breaching Iran sanctions for Huawei (2009–2014) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Breaching_Iran_sanctions_for_Huawei_(2009–2014)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gaddafi_Libya_claims_(2011)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gaddafi_Libya_claims_(2011)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.10.3 Gaddafi Libya claims (2011) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gaddafi_Libya_claims_(2011)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deforestation_claims_(2012,_2018)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deforestation_claims_(2012,_2018)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.10.4 Deforestation claims (2012, 2018) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deforestation_claims_(2012,_2018)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Money-laundering_policies_(2014)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Money-laundering_policies_(2014)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.10.5 Money-laundering policies (2014) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Money-laundering_policies_(2014)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Payments-processing_failures_(2015)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Payments-processing_failures_(2015)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.10.6 Payments-processing failures (2015) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Payments-processing_failures_(2015)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spam_phone_calls_(2020)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spam_phone_calls_(2020)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.10.7 Spam phone calls (2020) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spam_phone_calls_(2020)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Racism_report_(2021)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Racism_report_(2021)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.10.8 Racism report (2021) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Racism_report_(2021)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate_change_(2022)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate_change_(2022)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.10.9 Climate change (2022) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate_change_(2022)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Logo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Logo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Logo </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Logo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sponsorships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sponsorships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Sponsorships </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sponsorships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ownership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ownership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Ownership </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ownership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leadership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leadership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Leadership </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Leadership-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Leadership subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Leadership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-List_of_former_group_chairmen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_former_group_chairmen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 List of former group chairmen </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_former_group_chairmen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_former_group_chief_executives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_former_group_chief_executives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 List of former group chief executives </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_former_group_chief_executives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">HSBC</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 55 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-55" aria-hidden="true" > 55 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSBC" title="HSBC – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="HSBC" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%AA%D8%B4_%D8%A5%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%B3%D9%8A" title="إتش إس بي سي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إتش إس بي سي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSBC" title="HSBC – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="HSBC" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSBC" title="HSBC – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="HSBC" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DA%86%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%E2%80%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="اچ‌اس‌بی‌سی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اچ‌اس‌بی‌سی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF" title="এইচএসবিসি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="এইচএসবিসি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSBC_Holdings" title="HSBC Holdings – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="HSBC Holdings" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSBC" title="HSBC – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="HSBC" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSBC" title="HSBC – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="HSBC" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSBC" title="HSBC – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="HSBC" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSBC" title="HSBC – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="HSBC" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSBC" title="HSBC – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="HSBC" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSBC" title="HSBC – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="HSBC" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSBC" title="HSBC – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="HSBC" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSBC" title="HSBC – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="HSBC" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSBC" title="HSBC – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="HSBC" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSBC" title="HSBC – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="HSBC" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DA%86%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%E2%80%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="اچ‌اس‌بی‌سی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اچ‌اس‌بی‌سی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSBC" title="HSBC – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="HSBC" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSBC" title="HSBC – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="HSBC" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSBC" title="HSBC – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="HSBC" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%B5%D5%B9-%D4%B7%D5%BD-%D4%B2%D5%AB-%D5%8D%D5%AB" title="Էյչ-Էս-Բի-Սի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էյչ-Էս-Բի-Սի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80" title="एचएसबीसी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="एचएसबीसी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSBC" title="HSBC – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="HSBC" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSBC" title="HSBC – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="HSBC" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSBC" title="HSBC – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="HSBC" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSBC" title="HSBC – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="HSBC" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSBC" title="HSBC – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="HSBC" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSBC" title="HSBC – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="HSBC" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSBC" title="HSBC – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="HSBC" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80" title="एचएसबीसी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="एचएसबीसी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B4_%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D9%89_%D8%B3%D9%89" title="اتش اس بى سى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اتش اس بى سى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSBC" title="HSBC – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="HSBC" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSBC" title="HSBC – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="HSBC" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSBC%E3%83%9B%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%82%B9" title="HSBCホールディングス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="HSBCホールディングス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSBC" title="HSBC – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="HSBC" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSBC" title="HSBC – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="HSBC" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSBC" title="HSBC – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="HSBC" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSBC" title="HSBC – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="HSBC" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSBC" title="HSBC – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="HSBC" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSBC" title="HSBC – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="HSBC" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSBC" title="HSBC – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="HSBC" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSBC" title="HSBC – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="HSBC" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSBC" title="HSBC – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="HSBC" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSBC" title="HSBC – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="HSBC" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSBC" title="HSBC – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="HSBC" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSBC" title="HSBC – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="HSBC" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5" title="เอชเอสบีซี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เอชเอสบีซี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSBC" title="HSBC – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="HSBC" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSBC" title="HSBC – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="HSBC" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%86_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="ایچ ایس بی سی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ایچ ایس بی سی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSBC" title="HSBC – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="HSBC" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%87%E4%B8%B0" title="汇丰 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="汇丰" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British multinational bank group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the HSBC Group. For individual entities of the group, see <a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank" title="HSBC Bank">HSBC Bank</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/HBC_(Hudson%27s_Bay_Company)" class="mw-redirect" title="HBC (Hudson's Bay Company)">HBC (Hudson's Bay Company)</a> or <a href="/wiki/HBSC" class="mw-redirect" title="HBSC">HBSC</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org" style="font-size: 125%;">HSBC Holdings plc</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><a href="/wiki/File:HSBC_logo_(2018).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/HSBC_logo_%282018%29.svg/250px-HSBC_logo_%282018%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/HSBC_logo_%282018%29.svg/330px-HSBC_logo_%282018%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/HSBC_logo_%282018%29.svg/500px-HSBC_logo_%282018%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="138" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><a href="/wiki/File:8-Canada-Square_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/8-Canada-Square_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-8-Canada-Square_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="390" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/8-Canada-Square_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-8-Canada-Square_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/8-Canada-Square_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-8-Canada-Square_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="809" data-file-height="1435" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Headquarters at <a href="/wiki/8_Canada_Square" title="8 Canada Square">8 Canada Square</a> in <a href="/wiki/Canary_Wharf" title="Canary Wharf">Canary Wharf</a>, <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Public_limited_company" title="Public limited company">Public</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Ticker_symbol" title="Ticker symbol">Traded as</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/London_Stock_Exchange" title="London Stock Exchange">LSE</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.londonstockexchange.com/stock/HSBA//">HSBA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Stock_Exchange" title="Hong Kong Stock Exchange">SEHK</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hkex.com.hk/Market-Data/Securities-Prices/Equities/Equities-Quote?sym=5&sc_lang=en">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">NYSE</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nyse.com/quote/XNYS:HSBC">HSBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Stock_Exchange" title="Bermuda Stock Exchange">BSX</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bsx.com/CompanyDisplay.asp?CompanyID=1077223879">HSBC.BH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FTSE_100_Index" title="FTSE 100 Index">FTSE 100</a> component (HSBA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hang_Seng_Index" title="Hang Seng Index">Hang Seng</a> component (5)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Financial_services" title="Financial services">Financial services</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data"><div><ul><li>First established on 3 March 1865; 160 years ago (1865-03-03) in <a href="/wiki/British_Hong_Kong" title="British Hong Kong">British Hong Kong</a><a href="#cite_note-Grouphistorylast-1">[1]</a> (as The Hongkong and Shanghai Bank)</li><li>First incorporated on 14 August 1866; 158 years ago (1866-08-14)<a href="#cite_note-incorporation-2">[2]</a> (as <a href="/wiki/The_Hongkong_and_Shanghai_Banking_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation">The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation</a>)</li><li>25 March 1991; 33 years ago (1991-03-25)<a href="#cite_note-Grouphistorylast-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-takeover-3">[3]</a> in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> (as HSBC Holdings plc, as parent holding company to the entity in Hong Kong now as a subsidiary)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sutherland_(banker)" title="Thomas Sutherland (banker)">Sir Thomas Sutherland</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/8_Canada_Square" title="8 Canada Square">8 Canada Square</a>, <div class="ib-company-locality locality"><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, England</div>, <div class="ib-company-country country-name">United Kingdom</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Area served</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Worldwide</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Tucker_(business)" title="Mark Tucker (business)">Sir Mark Tucker</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chairman" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman">group chairman</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Elhedery" title="Georges Elhedery">Georges Elhedery</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">Group Chief Executive</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asset_management" title="Asset management">Asset management</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Banking" class="mw-redirect" title="Banking">Banking</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Commodities" class="mw-redirect" title="Commodities">Commodities</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Credit_card" title="Credit card">Credit cards</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Equities_trading" class="mw-redirect" title="Equities trading">Equities trading</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Insurance" title="Insurance">Insurance</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Investment_management" title="Investment management">Investment management</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mortgage_loan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mortgage loan">Mortgage loans</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Private_equity" title="Private equity">Private equity</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wealth_management" title="Wealth management">Wealth management</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Revenue</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>62.440 billion (2024)<a href="#cite_note-results-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes" title="Earnings before interest and taxes">Operating income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> US$32.309 billion (2024)<a href="#cite_note-results-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Net_income" title="Net income">Net income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> US$24.999 billion (2024)<a href="#cite_note-results-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Asset" title="Asset">Total assets</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> US$3.017 trillion (2024)<a href="#cite_note-results-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Equity_(finance)" title="Equity (finance)">Total equity</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> US$192.273 billion (2024)<a href="#cite_note-results-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of employees</div></th><td class="infobox-data">221,000 (2025)<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">Subsidiaries</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Subsidiaries</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Hang_Seng_Bank" title="Hang Seng Bank">Hang Seng Bank</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_Australia" title="HSBC Bank Australia">HSBC Bank Australia</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_Argentina" title="HSBC Bank Argentina">HSBC Bank Argentina</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_Bermuda" title="HSBC Bank Bermuda">HSBC Bank Bermuda</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_India" title="HSBC Bank India">HSBC Bank India</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/HSBC_(Hong_Kong)" title="HSBC (Hong Kong)">HSBC Bank Hong Kong</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Trinkaus" title="HSBC Trinkaus">HSBC Trinkaus</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_Malaysia" title="HSBC Bank Malaysia">HSBC Bank Malaysia</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/HSBC_M%C3%A9xico" title="HSBC México">HSBC México</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_Middle_East" title="HSBC Bank Middle East">HSBC Bank Middle East</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Sri_Lanka" title="HSBC Sri Lanka">HSBC Sri Lanka</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_USA" title="HSBC Bank USA">HSBC Bank USA</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Finance" title="HSBC Finance">HSBC Finance</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/HSBC_UK" title="HSBC UK">HSBC UK</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/M%26S_Bank" title="M&S Bank">M&S Financial Services</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">HSBC Innovation Bank Limited<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hsbc.com">hsbc.com</a></td></tr></tbody></table> HSBC Holdings plc (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: 滙豐; initialism from its founding member <a href="/wiki/The_Hongkong_and_Shanghai_Banking_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation">The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation</a>) is a British <a href="/wiki/Universal_bank" title="Universal bank">universal bank</a> and <a href="/wiki/Financial_services" title="Financial services">financial services</a> group headquartered in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, England, with historical and business links to <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asia</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Multinational_corporation" title="Multinational corporation">multinational</a> footprint. It is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Europe" title="List of banks in Europe">largest Europe-based bank by total assets under management (AUM)</a>, ahead of <a href="/wiki/BNP_Paribas" title="BNP Paribas">BNP Paribas</a>, with US$3.098 <a href="/wiki/Trillion" title="Trillion">trillion</a> as of September 2024. Also putting it as the <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_banks" title="List of largest banks">7th largest bank in the world by AUM</a> behind <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_America" title="Bank of America">Bank of America</a>, and the 3rd largest <a href="/wiki/State_ownership" title="State ownership">non-state owned</a> bank in the world.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> In 2021, HSBC had $10.8 trillion in assets under <a href="/wiki/Custodian_bank" title="Custodian bank">custody</a> (AUC) and $4.9 trillion in assets under administration (AUA).<a href="#cite_note-results-4">[4]</a> HSBC traces its origin to a <a href="/wiki/Hong_(business)" title="Hong (business)">hong</a> trading house in <a href="/wiki/British_Hong_Kong" title="British Hong Kong">British Hong Kong</a>. The bank was established in 1865 in <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> and opened branches in <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a> in the same year.<a href="#cite_note-Grouphistorylast-1">[1]</a> It was first formally incorporated in 1866.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> In 1991, the present parent legal entity, HSBC Holdings plc, was established in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> and the historic Hong Kong–based bank from whose initials the group took its name became that entity's fully-owned subsidiary.<a href="#cite_note-HSBC-R-01-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-HSBC-R-02-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-Grouphistorytwo-11">[11]</a> The next year (1992), HSBC took over <a href="/wiki/Midland_Bank" title="Midland Bank">Midland Bank</a> and thus became one of the largest domestic banks in the United Kingdom. HSBC has offices, branches and subsidiaries in 62 countries and territories across Africa, Asia, Oceania, Europe, North America, and South America, serving around 39 million customers.<a href="#cite_note-aboutus-12">[12]</a> As of 2023, it was ranked no. 20 in the world in the Forbes rankings of large companies ranked by sales, profits, assets, and market value.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> HSBC has a dual<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> primary listing on the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Stock_Exchange" title="Hong Kong Stock Exchange">Hong Kong Stock Exchange</a> and <a href="/wiki/London_Stock_Exchange" title="London Stock Exchange">London Stock Exchange</a> and is a constituent of the <a href="/wiki/Hang_Seng_Index" title="Hang Seng Index">Hang Seng Index</a> and the <a href="/wiki/FTSE_100_Index" title="FTSE 100 Index">FTSE 100 Index</a>. It has secondary listings on the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">New York Stock Exchange</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Stock_Exchange" title="Bermuda Stock Exchange">Bermuda Stock Exchange</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HSBC&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foundation">Foundation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HSBC&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Foundation">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wardley_House_Hong_Kong.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Wardley_House_Hong_Kong.jpg/250px-Wardley_House_Hong_Kong.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Wardley_House_Hong_Kong.jpg/330px-Wardley_House_Hong_Kong.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Wardley_House_Hong_Kong.jpg 2x" data-file-width="408" data-file-height="329" /></a><figcaption>Wardley House on the Hong Kong <a href="/wiki/Praya" title="Praya">Praya</a> (waterfront), where the bank had leased its first Hong Kong office in 1865</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:First_Generation_of_HSBC_Building_on_the_Bund.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/First_Generation_of_HSBC_Building_on_the_Bund.jpg/220px-First_Generation_of_HSBC_Building_on_the_Bund.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/First_Generation_of_HSBC_Building_on_the_Bund.jpg/330px-First_Generation_of_HSBC_Building_on_the_Bund.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/First_Generation_of_HSBC_Building_on_the_Bund.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Former Shanghai Club building on No. 12 <a href="/wiki/The_Bund" title="The Bund">Bund, Shanghai</a>, purchased by HSBC in 1874 and its Shanghai head office until reconstruction in the early 1920s</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E4%BB%A3%E6%BB%99%E8%B1%90%E7%B8%BD%E8%A1%8C%E5%A4%A7%E5%BB%88_%E5%BE%B7%E8%BC%94%E9%81%93%E4%B8%AD_%E7%9A%87%E5%90%8E%E5%A4%A7%E9%81%93%E4%B8%AD_1st_Generation_of_Hong_Kong_HSBC_Building,_Des_Voeus_Road,_Queen%27s_Road,1865.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E4%BB%A3%E6%BB%99%E8%B1%90%E7%B8%BD%E8%A1%8C%E5%A4%A7%E5%BB%88_%E5%BE%B7%E8%BC%94%E9%81%93%E4%B8%AD_%E7%9A%87%E5%90%8E%E5%A4%A7%E9%81%93%E4%B8%AD_1st_Generation_of_Hong_Kong_HSBC_Building%2C_Des_Voeus_Road%2C_Queen%27s_Road%2C1865.png/220px-%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E4%BB%A3%E6%BB%99%E8%B1%90%E7%B8%BD%E8%A1%8C%E5%A4%A7%E5%BB%88_%E5%BE%B7%E8%BC%94%E9%81%93%E4%B8%AD_%E7%9A%87%E5%90%8E%E5%A4%A7%E9%81%93%E4%B8%AD_1st_Generation_of_Hong_Kong_HSBC_Building%2C_Des_Voeus_Road%2C_Queen%27s_Road%2C1865.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E4%BB%A3%E6%BB%99%E8%B1%90%E7%B8%BD%E8%A1%8C%E5%A4%A7%E5%BB%88_%E5%BE%B7%E8%BC%94%E9%81%93%E4%B8%AD_%E7%9A%87%E5%90%8E%E5%A4%A7%E9%81%93%E4%B8%AD_1st_Generation_of_Hong_Kong_HSBC_Building%2C_Des_Voeus_Road%2C_Queen%27s_Road%2C1865.png/330px-%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E4%BB%A3%E6%BB%99%E8%B1%90%E7%B8%BD%E8%A1%8C%E5%A4%A7%E5%BB%88_%E5%BE%B7%E8%BC%94%E9%81%93%E4%B8%AD_%E7%9A%87%E5%90%8E%E5%A4%A7%E9%81%93%E4%B8%AD_1st_Generation_of_Hong_Kong_HSBC_Building%2C_Des_Voeus_Road%2C_Queen%27s_Road%2C1865.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E4%BB%A3%E6%BB%99%E8%B1%90%E7%B8%BD%E8%A1%8C%E5%A4%A7%E5%BB%88_%E5%BE%B7%E8%BC%94%E9%81%93%E4%B8%AD_%E7%9A%87%E5%90%8E%E5%A4%A7%E9%81%93%E4%B8%AD_1st_Generation_of_Hong_Kong_HSBC_Building%2C_Des_Voeus_Road%2C_Queen%27s_Road%2C1865.png/440px-%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E4%BB%A3%E6%BB%99%E8%B1%90%E7%B8%BD%E8%A1%8C%E5%A4%A7%E5%BB%88_%E5%BE%B7%E8%BC%94%E9%81%93%E4%B8%AD_%E7%9A%87%E5%90%8E%E5%A4%A7%E9%81%93%E4%B8%AD_1st_Generation_of_Hong_Kong_HSBC_Building%2C_Des_Voeus_Road%2C_Queen%27s_Road%2C1865.png 2x" data-file-width="516" data-file-height="354" /></a><figcaption>The bank's first purpose-built head office building in Hong Kong (center right), designed by <a href="/wiki/Clement_Palmer" class="mw-redirect" title="Clement Palmer">Clement Palmer</a> and completed in 1886 on the former Wardley House location</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AL-135_Highfill_Album_Image_(15342031965)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/AL-135_Highfill_Album_Image_%2815342031965%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-AL-135_Highfill_Album_Image_%2815342031965%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/AL-135_Highfill_Album_Image_%2815342031965%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-AL-135_Highfill_Album_Image_%2815342031965%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/AL-135_Highfill_Album_Image_%2815342031965%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/500px-AL-135_Highfill_Album_Image_%2815342031965%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="908" data-file-height="679" /></a><figcaption>The same building (center right) following the <a href="/wiki/Praya_Reclamation_Scheme" title="Praya Reclamation Scheme">Praya Reclamation Scheme</a> and creation of <a href="/wiki/Statue_Square" title="Statue Square">Statue Square</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HKBank1890.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/HKBank1890.jpg/250px-HKBank1890.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/HKBank1890.jpg/330px-HKBank1890.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/HKBank1890.jpg/500px-HKBank1890.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="478" /></a><figcaption>Rear façade of the 1886 building on <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Road,_Hong_Kong" title="Queen's Road, Hong Kong">Queen's Road</a>, photographed in 1890</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tcitp_d123_interior_of_hongkong_and_shanghai_bank.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Tcitp_d123_interior_of_hongkong_and_shanghai_bank.jpg/250px-Tcitp_d123_interior_of_hongkong_and_shanghai_bank.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Tcitp_d123_interior_of_hongkong_and_shanghai_bank.jpg/330px-Tcitp_d123_interior_of_hongkong_and_shanghai_bank.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Tcitp_d123_interior_of_hongkong_and_shanghai_bank.jpg/500px-Tcitp_d123_interior_of_hongkong_and_shanghai_bank.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2117" data-file-height="1332" /></a><figcaption>HSBC Hong Kong <a href="/wiki/Banking_hall" title="Banking hall">banking hall</a> in 1908</figcaption></figure> After the British established Hong Kong as a <a href="/wiki/Crown_colony" title="Crown colony">crown colony</a> in the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/First_Opium_War" title="First Opium War">First Opium War</a>, merchants from other parts of the British Empire, now in Hong Kong, felt the need for a bank to finance the growing trade, through Hong Kong and sometimes also through Shanghai, between China and <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">India</a>, the rest of the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> and Europe, of goods, produces and merchandises of all kinds, but especially <a href="/wiki/Opium" title="Opium">opium</a>, cultivated in or transited (re-exported) through the Raj.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> The founder, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sutherland_(banker)" title="Thomas Sutherland (banker)">Thomas Sutherland</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_and_Oriental_Steam_Navigation_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company">Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company</a>, wanted a bank operating on "sound Scottish banking principles". Still, the original location of the bank was considered crucial and the founders chose <a href="/wiki/Bank_Street_(Hong_Kong)#Wardley_Street" class="mw-redirect" title="Bank Street (Hong Kong)">Wardley House</a> in Hong Kong since the construction was based on some of the best <a href="/wiki/Feng_shui" title="Feng shui">feng shui</a> in <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonial Hong Kong">colonial Hong Kong</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Lim-17">[17]</a> After raising a capital stock of HK$5 million, the bank commenced operations on 3 March 1865. It opened a branch in <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_International_Settlement" title="Shanghai International Settlement">Shanghai</a> in April of that year and started issuing locally denominated banknotes in both the Crown Colony and Shanghai soon afterwards. The bank was incorporated in Hong Kong as The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation by the Hongkong and Shanghai Bank Ordinance (Numbers 2 and 5 of 1866),<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> and a branch in <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> was also established in <a href="/wiki/Yokohama" title="Yokohama">Yokohama</a> in 1866.<a href="#cite_note-Grouphistorylast-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> Shares of the bank were one of 13 securities initially traded on the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Stock_Exchange" title="Shanghai Stock Exchange">Shanghai Stock Exchange</a>, and were traded on that exchange until <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_International_Settlement#Japanese_occupy_the_International_Settlement_(1941)" title="Shanghai International Settlement">the Japanese closed the exchange in 1941</a>.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Business_development">Business development</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HSBC&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Business development">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:9_Gracechurch_Street_(geograph_2514445).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/9_Gracechurch_Street_%28geograph_2514445%29.jpg/220px-9_Gracechurch_Street_%28geograph_2514445%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/9_Gracechurch_Street_%28geograph_2514445%29.jpg/330px-9_Gracechurch_Street_%28geograph_2514445%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/9_Gracechurch_Street_%28geograph_2514445%29.jpg/440px-9_Gracechurch_Street_%28geograph_2514445%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="463" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>First purpose-built HSBC London office on <a href="/wiki/Gracechurch_Street" title="Gracechurch Street">Gracechurch Street</a> (1913, designed by William Campbell-Jones), replacing leased offices at 31 Lombard Street; maintained by HSBC until relocation to <a href="/wiki/99_Bishopsgate" title="99 Bishopsgate">99 Bishopsgate</a> in 1976,<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> and later converted into a <a href="/wiki/Club_Quarters" title="Club Quarters">Club Quarters</a> hotel and <a href="/wiki/Wetherspoons" title="Wetherspoons">Wetherspoons</a> <a href="/wiki/Pub" title="Pub">pub</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Crosse_Keys_(interior)_20201103_160645_(50563442416).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/The_Crosse_Keys_%28interior%29_20201103_160645_%2850563442416%29.jpg/220px-The_Crosse_Keys_%28interior%29_20201103_160645_%2850563442416%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/The_Crosse_Keys_%28interior%29_20201103_160645_%2850563442416%29.jpg/330px-The_Crosse_Keys_%28interior%29_20201103_160645_%2850563442416%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/The_Crosse_Keys_%28interior%29_20201103_160645_%2850563442416%29.jpg/440px-The_Crosse_Keys_%28interior%29_20201103_160645_%2850563442416%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>The former HSBC <a href="/wiki/Banking_hall" title="Banking hall">banking hall</a> in the Gracechurch Street building, converted as the Crosse Keys pub</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E6%BB%A9%E6%B1%87%E4%B8%B0%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%A5%BC2021.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E6%BB%A9%E6%B1%87%E4%B8%B0%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%A5%BC2021.jpg/220px-%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E6%BB%A9%E6%B1%87%E4%B8%B0%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%A5%BC2021.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E6%BB%A9%E6%B1%87%E4%B8%B0%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%A5%BC2021.jpg/330px-%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E6%BB%A9%E6%B1%87%E4%B8%B0%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%A5%BC2021.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E6%BB%A9%E6%B1%87%E4%B8%B0%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%A5%BC2021.jpg/440px-%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E6%BB%A9%E6%B1%87%E4%B8%B0%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%A5%BC2021.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5132" data-file-height="3277" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Building,_the_Bund" title="HSBC Building, the Bund">HSBC Building on the Bund</a>, the bank's Shanghai headquarters from 1923 to 1955, photographed in 2021</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HSBC_1936.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/HSBC_1936.jpg/250px-HSBC_1936.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/HSBC_1936.jpg/330px-HSBC_1936.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/HSBC_1936.jpg/500px-HSBC_1936.jpg 2x" data-file-width="587" data-file-height="378" /></a><figcaption>HSBC Hong Kong head office in 1936 after reconstruction</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Sir_Thomas_Jackson,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Thomas Jackson, 1st Baronet">Sir Thomas Jackson</a> became chief manager in 1876. During his twenty-six-year tenure, the bank became a leader in Asia. A period of expansion followed, with new buildings constructed in <a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a> (1921), <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a> (1922) and <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a> (1923), and a new head office building in Hong Kong in 1935. Bank note issuance displaced other forms of the era and of the region, such as silver <a href="/wiki/Tael" title="Tael">taels</a>, due to political and economic instability. HSBC gained significant influence as a result.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_expansion">International expansion</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HSBC&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: International expansion">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:After_the_Bishopsgate_Bomb_of_1993_-_geograph.org.uk_-_653979.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/After_the_Bishopsgate_Bomb_of_1993_-_geograph.org.uk_-_653979.jpg/220px-After_the_Bishopsgate_Bomb_of_1993_-_geograph.org.uk_-_653979.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/After_the_Bishopsgate_Bomb_of_1993_-_geograph.org.uk_-_653979.jpg/330px-After_the_Bishopsgate_Bomb_of_1993_-_geograph.org.uk_-_653979.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/After_the_Bishopsgate_Bomb_of_1993_-_geograph.org.uk_-_653979.jpg/440px-After_the_Bishopsgate_Bomb_of_1993_-_geograph.org.uk_-_653979.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="612" /></a><figcaption>Tower at <a href="/wiki/99_Bishopsgate" title="99 Bishopsgate">99 Bishopsgate</a>, HSBC's main London office from 1976 to 1993 and occupied by the bank until its move to <a href="/wiki/Canary_Wharf" title="Canary Wharf">Canary Wharf</a> in 2002-2003</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HK_HSBC_Main_Building_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/HK_HSBC_Main_Building_2008.jpg/220px-HK_HSBC_Main_Building_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/HK_HSBC_Main_Building_2008.jpg/330px-HK_HSBC_Main_Building_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/HK_HSBC_Main_Building_2008.jpg/440px-HK_HSBC_Main_Building_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1177" data-file-height="1452" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Main_Building,_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="HSBC Main Building, Hong Kong">HSBC Main Building, Hong Kong</a>, designed by <a href="/wiki/Norman_Foster_(architect)" class="mw-redirect" title="Norman Foster (architect)">Norman Foster</a> and completed in 1985 on the same location as the 1886 and 1936 predecessors</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Turner_(banker)" title="Michael Turner (banker)">Michael Turner</a> became chief manager in 1953 and set about diversifying the business. His tenure came to an end in 1962 having established The Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation of California 1955 and having acquired <a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_Middle_East" title="HSBC Bank Middle East">The British Bank of the Middle East</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Mercantile_Bank_of_India,_London_and_China" title="Mercantile Bank of India, London and China">Mercantile Bank</a> (based in India) in Aug 1959. Turner was succeeded in 1962 by <a href="/wiki/Jake_Saunders" title="Jake Saunders">Jake Saunders</a>. In 1964 the Chief Managership was superseded as the top executive role in the bank by an Executive Chairmanship.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Konfrontasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Konfrontasi">Konfrontasi</a> period in the 1960s, a group of Indonesian forces <a href="/wiki/MacDonald_House_bombing" title="MacDonald House bombing">bombed the MacDonald House building</a> in Singapore (at the time used by HSBC) just a few months after Singapore was granted its independence from Malaysia. Three people were killed, 33 injured, and the two Indonesian military officers responsible for the bombing were tried and executed.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> The present building in Hong Kong was designed by <a href="/wiki/Norman_Foster,_Baron_Foster_of_Thames_Bank" title="Norman Foster, Baron Foster of Thames Bank">Sir Norman Foster</a> and was held as one of the most expensive and technologically advanced buildings in the world in 1986, costing HK$5.3 billion.<a href="#cite_note-Lim-17">[17]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Creation_of_the_HSBC_Group">Creation of the HSBC Group</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HSBC&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Creation of the HSBC Group">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Striking_new_offices_on_the_Thames_near_London_Bridge_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2280747.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Striking_new_offices_on_the_Thames_near_London_Bridge_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2280747.jpg/220px-Striking_new_offices_on_the_Thames_near_London_Bridge_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2280747.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Striking_new_offices_on_the_Thames_near_London_Bridge_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2280747.jpg/330px-Striking_new_offices_on_the_Thames_near_London_Bridge_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2280747.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Striking_new_offices_on_the_Thames_near_London_Bridge_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2280747.jpg/440px-Striking_new_offices_on_the_Thames_near_London_Bridge_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2280747.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Building at 10 <a href="/wiki/Thames_Street,_London" title="Thames Street, London">Lower Thames Street</a> in London, completed in 1989, occupied by <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Montagu_%26_Co." title="Samuel Montagu & Co.">Samuel Montagu & Co.</a>, then used by HSBC Holdings as global head office from 1993 to relocation to Canary Wharf in 2002–2003; eventually sold by the bank in May 2011<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></figcaption></figure> On 6 October 1989, it was registered as a regulated bank with the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Monetary_Authority#History" title="Hong Kong Monetary Authority">Banking Commissioner of the Government of Hong Kong</a>.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> HSBC Holdings plc, originally incorporated in England and Wales,<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> was a non-trading, dormant <a href="/wiki/Shelf_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Shelf company">shelf company</a> when it completed its transformation on 25 March 1991<a href="#cite_note-takeover-3">[3]</a> into the parent holding company to the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited now as a subsidiary, in preparation for its purchase of the UK-based <a href="/wiki/Midland_Bank" title="Midland Bank">Midland Bank</a> and the impending <a href="/wiki/Handover_of_Hong_Kong" title="Handover of Hong Kong">transfer of sovereignty of Hong Kong</a> to China. HSBC Holdings' acquisition of Midland Bank was completed in 1992 and gave HSBC a substantial market presence in the United Kingdom. As part of the takeover conditions for the acquisition of the bank thereof, HSBC Holdings plc was required to relocate its world headquarters from Hong Kong to London in 1993.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> Major acquisitions in South America started with the purchase of the Banco Bamerindus of Brazil for $1 billion in March 1997<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> and the acquisition of Roberts SA de Inversiones of Argentina for $600 million in May 1997.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> In May 1999, HSBC expanded its presence in the United States with the purchase of <a href="/wiki/Republic_New_York" title="Republic New York">Republic National Bank of New York</a> for $10.3 billion.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2000_to_2010">2000 to 2010</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HSBC&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 2000 to 2010">edit</a>]</div> Expansion into <a href="/wiki/Continental_Europe" title="Continental Europe">Continental Europe</a> took place in April 2000 with the acquisition of <a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A9dit_Commercial_de_France" title="Crédit Commercial de France">Crédit Commercial de France</a>, a large French bank, for £6.6 billion.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> In July 2001 HSBC bought <a href="/wiki/Demirbank" title="Demirbank">Demirbank</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Insolvent" class="mw-redirect" title="Insolvent">insolvent</a> Turkish bank.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> In July 2002, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Andersen" title="Arthur Andersen">Arthur Andersen</a> announced that HSBC USA, Inc., through a new subsidiary, Wealth and Tax Advisory Services USA Inc. (<a href="/wiki/WTAS" class="mw-redirect" title="WTAS">WTAS</a>), would purchase a portion of Andersen's tax practice. The new HSBC Private Client Services Group would serve the wealth and tax advisory needs of high-net-worth individuals. Then in August 2002 HSBC acquired Grupo Financiero Bital, SA de CV, Mexico's third largest retail bank for $1.1 billion.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> In November 2002, HSBC expanded further in the United States. Under the chairmanship of John Bond, it spent £9 billion (US$15.5 billion) to acquire <a href="/wiki/HSBC_Finance" title="HSBC Finance">Household Finance Corporation (HFC)</a>, a US credit card issuer and <a href="/wiki/Subprime" class="mw-redirect" title="Subprime">subprime</a> lender.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> In a 2003 cover story, <a href="/wiki/The_Banker" title="The Banker">The Banker</a> noted "when banking historians look back, they may conclude that [it] was the deal of the first decade of the 21st century".<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> Under the new name of <a href="/wiki/HSBC_Finance" title="HSBC Finance">HSBC Finance</a>, the division was the second largest subprime lender in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> The new headquarters of HSBC Holdings at <a href="/wiki/8_Canada_Square" title="8 Canada Square">8 Canada Square</a>, London officially opened in April 2003.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> In July 2003, HSBC announced that it had agreed to acquire 82.19% of the Korean fund administrator, Asset Management Technology (AM TeK), for $12.47 million in cash; it was the largest fund administrator in South Korea, with $24 billion of assets under administration.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> In September 2003 HSBC bought Polski Kredyt Bank SA of Poland for $7.8 million.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> In June 2004 HSBC expanded into China buying 19.9% of the <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Communications" title="Bank of Communications">Bank of Communications</a> of Shanghai.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> In the United Kingdom HSBC acquired Marks & Spencer Retail Financial Services Holdings Ltd for £763 million in December 2004.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> Acquisitions in 2005 included Metris Inc, a US credit card issuer for $1.6 billion in August<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> and 70.1% of Dar es Salaam Investment Bank of Iraq in October.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> In April 2006, HSBC bought the 90 branches in Argentina of <a href="/wiki/Banca_Nazionale_del_Lavoro" title="Banca Nazionale del Lavoro">Banca Nazionale del Lavoro</a> for $155 million.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> In December 2007 HSBC acquired the Chinese Bank in Taiwan.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> In May 2008, HSBC acquired <a href="/wiki/IL%26FS" class="mw-redirect" title="IL&FS">IL&FS</a> Investment, an Indian retail broking firm.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> On August 3, 2008, HSBC began its banking operations in Algeria with the opening of a branch in Algiers.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> In 2005, Bloomberg Markets magazine accused HSBC of <a href="/wiki/Money_laundering" title="Money laundering">money laundering</a> for drug dealers and state sponsors of terrorism. Then-CEO <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Green,_Baron_Green_of_Hurstpierpoint" title="Stephen Green, Baron Green of Hurstpierpoint">Stephen Green</a> said that "This was a singular and wholly irresponsible attack on the bank's international compliance procedures", but subsequent investigation indicated that it was accurate and proved that the bank was involved in money laundering for the <a href="/wiki/Sinaloa_Cartel" title="Sinaloa Cartel">Sinaloa Cartel</a> and throughout <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mazur-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> In July 2006, HSBC announced that it would acquire <a href="/wiki/Westpac" title="Westpac">Westpac</a>'s sub-custody operations in Australia and New Zealand for $112.5 million, making HSBC the leading sub-custody and clearing player in Australia and New Zealand.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> In 2007, HSBC wrote down its holdings of subprime-related mortgage securities by $10.5 billion, becoming the first major bank to report its losses due to the unfolding <a href="/wiki/Subprime_mortgage_crisis" title="Subprime mortgage crisis">subprime mortgage crisis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg</a>, "HSBC is one of world's strongest banks by some measures".<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> When <a href="/wiki/HM_Treasury" title="HM Treasury">HM Treasury</a> required all UK banks to increase their capital in October 2007, the group transferred £750 million to London within hours, and announced that it had just lent £4 billion to other UK banks.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> In March 2009, HSBC announced that it would shut down the branch network of its HSBC Finance arm in the United States, leading to nearly 6,000 job losses and leaving only the credit card business to continue operating.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-bloom1-60">[60]</a> Chairman <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Green,_Baron_Green_of_Hurstpierpoint" title="Stephen Green, Baron Green of Hurstpierpoint">Stephen Green</a> stated, "HSBC has a reputation for telling it as it is. With the benefit of hindsight, this is an acquisition we wish we had not undertaken."<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> According to analyst Colin Morton, "the takeover was an absolute disaster".<a href="#cite_note-bloom1-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> In March 2009, it announced that it had made US$9.3 billion of profit in 2008 and announced a £12.5 billion (US$17.7 billion; HK$138 billion) <a href="/wiki/Rights_issue" title="Rights issue">rights issue</a> to enable it to buy other banks that were struggling to survive.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> However, uncertainty over the rights issue's implications for institutional investors caused volatility in the Hong Kong stock market: on 9 March 2009 HSBC's share price fell 24.14%, with 12 million shares sold in the last few seconds of trading.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2010_to_2013">2010 to 2013</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HSBC&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 2010 to 2013">edit</a>]</div> On 25 April 2011, HSBC decided to shut down its retail banking business in <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> and reduce its private banking presence to a representative office.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> HSBC announced renaming of its Personal Financial Services (PFS) business group to Retail Banking and Wealth Management (also known as RBWM) on HSBC's 2011 Investor Day.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> On 11 May 2013, the new chief executive <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Gulliver" title="Stuart Gulliver">Stuart Gulliver</a> announced that HSBC would refocus its business strategy and that a large-scale retrenchment of operations, particularly in respect of the retail sector, was planned. HSBC would no longer seek to be 'the world's local bank', as costs associated with this were spiraling and US$3.5 billion needed to be saved by 2013, with the aim of bringing overheads down from 55% of revenues to 48%. In 2010, then-chairman <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Green,_Baron_Green_of_Hurstpierpoint" title="Stephen Green, Baron Green of Hurstpierpoint">Stephen Green</a> planned to depart HSBC to accept a government appointment in the Trade Ministry. Group Chief Executive <a href="/wiki/Michael_Geoghegan" title="Michael Geoghegan">Michael Geoghegan</a> was expected to become the next chairman. However, while many current and former senior employees supported the tradition of promoting the chief executive to chairman, many shareholders instead pushed for an external candidate.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> HSBC's board of directors had reportedly been split over the succession planning and investors were alarmed that the row would damage the company.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> On 23 September 2010, Geoghegan announced he would step down as chief executive of HSBC.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> He was succeeded as chief executive by <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Gulliver" title="Stuart Gulliver">Stuart Gulliver</a>, while Green was succeeded as chairman by <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Flint" title="Douglas Flint">Douglas Flint</a>; Flint was serving as HSBC's finance director (chief financial officer). August 2011: Further to CEO Stuart Gulliver's plan to cut $3.5 billion in costs over the next two years, HSBC announced that it will cut 25,000 jobs and exit from 20 countries by 2013 in addition to 5,000 job cuts announced earlier in the year. The consumer banking division of HSBC will focus on the UK, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, high-growth markets such as Mexico, Singapore, Turkey, and Brazil, and smaller countries where it has a leading market share.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> According to Reuters, Chief Executive Stuart Gulliver told the media, "There will be further job cuts. There will be something like 25,000 roles eliminated between now and the end of 2013."<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> In August 2011 "to align our U.S. business with our global network and meet the local and international needs of domestic and overseas clients", HSBC agreed to sell 195 branches in <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> and <a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a> to <a href="/wiki/First_Niagara_Bank" title="First Niagara Bank">First Niagara Financial Group Inc</a>, and divestitures to <a href="/wiki/KeyBank" title="KeyBank">KeyCorp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Community_Bank,_N.A." title="Community Bank, N.A.">Community Bank, N.A.</a> and <a href="/wiki/Five_Star_Bank_(New_York)" title="Five Star Bank (New York)">Five Star Bank</a> for around $1 billion, and announced the closure of 13 branches in Connecticut and <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>. The rest of HSBC's U.S. network will only be about half from a total 470 branches before divestments.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> On 9 August 2011, <a href="/wiki/Capital_One" title="Capital One">Capital One</a> Financial Corp. agreed to acquire HSBC's U.S. credit card business for $2.6 billion,<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> netting HSBC Holdings an estimated after-tax profit of $2.4 billion.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> In September it was announced that HSBC sought to sell its general insurance business for around $1 billion.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> In 2012, HSBC was the subject of hearings of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a> permanent subcommittee for investigations for severe deficiencies in its <a href="/wiki/Anti-money_laundering" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-money laundering">anti-money laundering</a> practices (see <a href="#Controversies">Controversies</a>). On 16 July the committee presented its findings.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> Among other things, it concluded that HSBC had been transferring $7 billion in banknotes from its Mexican to its US subsidiary (much of it related to <a href="/wiki/Drug_dealing" class="mw-redirect" title="Drug dealing">drug dealing</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a>), was disregarding terrorist financing links<a href="#cite_note-Mazur-51">[51]</a> and was actively circumventing US safeguards designed to prevent transactions involving terrorists, drug lords and rogue regimes, including hiding $19.4 billion in transactions with Iran. This investigation followed on from a probe by the US Federal Reserve and Office of the Comptroller of the Currency found that there was "significant potential for unreported money laundering or terrorist financing".<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> On 11 December 2012, HSBC agreed to pay a record $1.92 billion fine in this money laundering case. It was reported that bank officials consistently overlooked internal warnings about the inadequacy of HSBC's monitoring systems, according to the Justice Department. For example, in 2008, the CEO of HSBC Mexico was reportedly informed by Mexican law enforcement about a recording of a Mexican drug lord, who indicated that HSBC Mexico was a preferred location for money laundering.<a href="#cite_note-reuters1-82">[82]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">United States Department of Justice</a>, however, decided not to pursue criminal penalties, a decision which the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a> labelled a "dark day for the rule of law."<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> HSBC chief executive Stuart Gulliver said: "We accept responsibility for our past mistakes. We have said we are profoundly sorry for them, and we do so again."<a href="#cite_note-reuters1-82">[82]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Since_2013">Since 2013</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HSBC&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Since 2013">edit</a>]</div> In July 2013, Alan Keir was appointed chief executive of <a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_(Europe)" class="mw-redirect" title="HSBC Bank (Europe)">HSBC Bank plc</a> after Brian Robertson's resignation. Keir's duties include overseeing the firm's UK, European, Middle Eastern, and African divisions.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> In June 2014, an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary HSBC Life (UK) Limited agreed to sell its £4.2 billion UK pensions business to <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Re" title="Swiss Re">Swiss Re</a>.<a href="#cite_note-HSBlife-85">[85]</a> In February 2015 the <a href="/wiki/The_Global_Muckraker" class="mw-redirect" title="The Global Muckraker">International Consortium of Investigative Journalists</a> released information about the business conduct of HSBC under the title <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Leaks" title="Swiss Leaks">Swiss Leaks</a> based on the 2007 hacked HSBC account records from whistle-blower <a href="/wiki/Herv%C3%A9_Falciani" title="Hervé Falciani">Hervé Falciani</a>. The ICIJ alleges that the bank profited from doing business with corrupt politicians, dictators, tax evaders, dealers of blood diamonds, arms dealers and other clients.<a href="#cite_note-auto-86">[86]</a> US Senate investigators in 2012 had sought the hacked HSBC account records from Falciani and French authorities, but never received the data.<a href="#cite_note-ICIJ-87">[87]</a> HSBC announced in August 2015 that it would be selling its <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazilian</a> unit to <a href="/wiki/Banco_Bradesco" title="Banco Bradesco">Banco Bradesco</a> for $5.2 billion following years of disappointing performance.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> In 2015, HSBC was recognised as the most trusted foreign bank in India by The Brand Trust Report 2015.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> In 2016, the bank was mentioned numerous times in connection with the <a href="/wiki/Panama_Papers" title="Panama Papers">Panama Papers</a> investigation. Many Syrians were angered when their accounts were judged high-risk and closed, despite the bank reportedly telling <a href="/wiki/Mossack_Fonseca" title="Mossack Fonseca">Mossack Fonseca</a> it was "comfortable" with <a href="/wiki/Rami_Makhlouf" title="Rami Makhlouf">Rami Makhlouf</a> as a customer, even though US Treasury sanctions against him were in effect at the time.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> On 20 March 2017, the British newspaper <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> reported that hundreds of banks had helped launder <a href="/wiki/KGB" title="KGB">KGB</a>-related funds out of <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, as uncovered by an investigation named <a href="/wiki/Russian_Laundromat" title="Russian Laundromat">Global Laundromat</a>. HSBC was listed among the 17 banks in the UK that were "facing questions over what they knew about the international scheme and why they did not turn away suspicious money transfers," as HSBC "processed $545.3m in Laundromat cash, mostly routed through its <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> branch." Other banks facing scrutiny under the investigation included the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Bank_of_Scotland" title="Royal Bank of Scotland">Royal Bank of Scotland</a>, <a href="/wiki/NatWest" title="NatWest">NatWest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lloyds_Bank" title="Lloyds Bank">Lloyds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barclays" title="Barclays">Barclays</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coutts" title="Coutts">Coutts</a>.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> In response, HSBC stated that it was against financial crime, and that the case "highlights the need for greater information sharing between the public and private sectors."<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> On 1 October 2017, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Tucker_(business)" title="Mark Tucker (business)">Mark Tucker</a> succeeded Douglas Flint as group chairman of HSBC, the first non-executive and outside chairman appointed by the group.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> Also in October 2017, HSBC announced that John Flint, chief executive of Retail Banking and Wealth Management, would succeed Stuart Gulliver as Group Chief Executive on 21 February 2018.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> It was further announced on 5 August 2019 that Flint was leaving and his role would be filled on a temporary basis by Noel Quinn, head of HSBC's global commercial bank.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> Noel Quinn was subsequently appointed to the role on a permanent basis in March 2020.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> In February 2020, HSBC announced it would cut 35,000 jobs worldwide after it was announced corporate profits decreased by 33% in 2019.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> In 2020, HSBC announced merging two of its business lines: Retail Banking and Wealth Management & Global Private Banking to form a new business unit as Wealth and Personal Banking.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> In October 2020, HSBC committed to achieve zero-emission by 2050, e.g., by this year it would not only become carbon neutral by itself but also will work only with carbon-neutral clients. It also committed to providing 750–1,000 billion dollars to help clients make the transition. It also pledged to achieve <a href="/wiki/Carbon_neutrality" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon neutrality">carbon neutrality</a> in his own operations by 2030.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> In January 2021, HSBC announced that it would be closing 82 branches in Britain.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> In May 2021, HSBC announced the exit of US retail banking business by selling 10 California branches to <a href="/wiki/Cathay_Bank" title="Cathay Bank">Cathay Bank</a> and 80 branches to <a href="/wiki/Citizens_Financial_Group" title="Citizens Financial Group">Citizens Financial Group</a> and closing the remaining branches.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> The bank said it intends to focus on the banking and wealth management needs of globally connected affluent and high net worth clients.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> In May 2021, HSBC committed to end the financing of the <a href="/wiki/Coal_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Coal industry">coal industry</a>, with a commitment to publish a new coal policy and provide further detail on its climate strategy by the end of 2021.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> The organisation's "Thermal Coal Phase-Out Policy" was published in December 2021.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> In August 2021, HSBC announced the acquisition of <a href="/wiki/AXA" class="mw-redirect" title="AXA">AXA</a> Singapore. HSBC Insurance (Asia-Pacific) Holdings Ltd, an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of HSBC would acquire 100% of the issued share capital of AXA Singapore for $575m.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> In December 2021, HSBC Asset Management (India) Private Ltd, an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of HSBC announced it would acquire L&T Investment Management for $425 million from <a href="/wiki/Larsen_%26_Toubro" title="Larsen & Toubro">L&T Finance Holdings</a>.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> In June 2022, HSBC announced its intention to sell its business in Russia. This requires approval from the Russian government, and the deal is expected to close in the first half of 2024. The projected loss is $300 million. A possible buyer is the Russian <a href="/wiki/Expobank" title="Expobank">Expobank</a>.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> In February 2024, the President of Russia allowed HSBC and Expobank to carry out this transaction.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> In July 2022, HSBC became the first foreign lender to open a <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> (CCP) committee in its Chinese investment banking subsidiary.<a href="#cite_note-:4-109">[109]</a> The subsidiary, HSBC Qianhai Securities, is a 90% HSBC-owned joint venture.<a href="#cite_note-:4-109">[109]</a> In November 2022, HSBC announced its intention to exit the Canadian market. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Bank_of_Canada" title="Royal Bank of Canada">Royal Bank of Canada</a> would acquire 100% of the common shares of <a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_Canada" title="HSBC Bank Canada">HSBC Canada</a> for an all-cash purchase price of $13.5 billion, 9.4 times HSBC Canada's estimated 2024 earnings. Completion of the transaction is expected by late 2023, subject to regulatory approvals.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> HSBC has been under pressure to cut costs and divest non-Asian businesses.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> In February 2023, HSBC announced that its profits for the last quarter of 2022 had almost doubled compared to those at the same time the previous year. However, its pre-tax profit actually fell because it absorbed the cost of selling its French retail banking operations.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> The bank also announced that they were closing 114 branches in the United Kingdom. The move came as more people were using online banking since the pandemic, reducing the need for physical branches. The move has been criticized by <a href="/wiki/Unite_the_Union" title="Unite the Union">Unite</a>.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> As <a href="/wiki/Interest" title="Interest">interest</a> rates increased globally in May 2023, HSBC Holdings reported a 212% increase in <a href="/wiki/Quarterly" class="mw-redirect" title="Quarterly">quarterly</a> profit.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> In May 2023, HSBC defeated a proposal, backed by its largest stakeholder Chinese insurer <a href="/wiki/Ping_An_Insurance" title="Ping An Insurance">Ping An</a>, to consider spinning off its Asia business into a Hong Kong-listed entity.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> In December 2023, HSBC Asset Management announced they would be acquiring the Singapore Based Investment manager, Silkroad Property Partners. The proposed acquisition includes Singapore-based SilkRoad Property Partners Pte Ltd, along with its subsidiaries in Hong Kong, Shanghai and Tokyo, and the five general partner entities associated with its active funds. Terms of the agreement were not disclosed. The deal would expand HSBC's real estate fund management capabilities in the region by bringing on board a business with an estimated $2 billion in assets under management, primarily in value-add strategies, as well as a senior team with experience executing deals in the region's major cities.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> HSBC announced, in December 2023, that it intended to move its head office from <a href="/wiki/8_Canada_Square" title="8 Canada Square">8 Canada Square</a> to <a href="/wiki/81_Newgate_Street" title="81 Newgate Street">81 Newgate Street</a> when the lease on the former building expires in 2027.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> In 2024, HSBC, as part of the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Association_of_Banks" title="Hong Kong Association of Banks">Hong Kong Association of Banks</a>, began developing a roadmap to phase out cheques in the city and switch to electronic payments. According to <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Interbank_Clearing_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong Interbank Clearing Limited">Hong Kong Interbank Clearing Limited</a>, cheque transactions in <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> fell to HK$488.6 billion (US$62.5 billion) in December, down 13 percent year-on-year.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> In 2024, HSBC announced an international payments app, Zing, a competitor to <a href="/wiki/Revolut" title="Revolut">Revolut</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wise_(company)" title="Wise (company)">Wise</a> apps. It will also focus on retail customers and low-cost currency exchange.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> In January 2025, HSBC decided to shut down the app only one year after its launch, as part of a cost-cutting drive.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> In 2024, HSBC Philippines launched "Omni Collect" to allow companies to connect to HSBC's single <a href="/wiki/API" title="API">API</a> to offer and manage payments across multiple channels. "It supports multiple online and offline payment options for customers and delivers transaction data through HSBC’s global digital platform, HSBCnet," the bank Head Art Tanseco said.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> On 9 April 2024, HSBC announced the sale of its Argentina business to Galicia for $550 million. HSBC said that the deal awaited government approval but was expected to be finalized by the year-end.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> HSBC was also approved to exit its Armenia holdings by the central bank in a sale to <a href="/wiki/Ardshinbank" title="Ardshinbank">Ardshinbank</a> on 27 August.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> In January 2025, HSBC announced the closure of some of its investment banking units in Europe, UK and US as part of the ongoing restructuring effort by its CEO <a href="/wiki/Georges_Elhedery" title="Georges Elhedery">Georges Elhedery</a>,<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> followed by a new round of investment bank job cuts.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> These significant revamps were expected to bring $1.8 billion cost savings by the end of 2026.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operations">Operations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HSBC&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Operations">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pudong,_Shanghai,_China_-_panoramio_(33).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Pudong%2C_Shanghai%2C_China_-_panoramio_%2833%29.jpg/220px-Pudong%2C_Shanghai%2C_China_-_panoramio_%2833%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Pudong%2C_Shanghai%2C_China_-_panoramio_%2833%29.jpg/330px-Pudong%2C_Shanghai%2C_China_-_panoramio_%2833%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Pudong%2C_Shanghai%2C_China_-_panoramio_%2833%29.jpg/440px-Pudong%2C_Shanghai%2C_China_-_panoramio_%2833%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Head office of <a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_(China)" title="HSBC Bank (China)">HSBC Bank (China)</a> in the north tower of <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_IFC" title="Shanghai IFC">Shanghai IFC</a> (right)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Olympian_City_HSBC_Centre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Olympian_City_HSBC_Centre.jpg/250px-Olympian_City_HSBC_Centre.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Olympian_City_HSBC_Centre.jpg/330px-Olympian_City_HSBC_Centre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Olympian_City_HSBC_Centre.jpg/500px-Olympian_City_HSBC_Centre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Centre,_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="HSBC Centre, Hong Kong">HSBC Centre, Hong Kong</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bur_Dubai_HSBC_bank._Al_Souqe_Al_Kabeer_-_Dubai_-_United_Arab_Emirates_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Bur_Dubai_HSBC_bank._Al_Souqe_Al_Kabeer_-_Dubai_-_United_Arab_Emirates_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-Bur_Dubai_HSBC_bank._Al_Souqe_Al_Kabeer_-_Dubai_-_United_Arab_Emirates_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Bur_Dubai_HSBC_bank._Al_Souqe_Al_Kabeer_-_Dubai_-_United_Arab_Emirates_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-Bur_Dubai_HSBC_bank._Al_Souqe_Al_Kabeer_-_Dubai_-_United_Arab_Emirates_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Bur_Dubai_HSBC_bank._Al_Souqe_Al_Kabeer_-_Dubai_-_United_Arab_Emirates_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-Bur_Dubai_HSBC_bank._Al_Souqe_Al_Kabeer_-_Dubai_-_United_Arab_Emirates_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4016" data-file-height="2677" /></a><figcaption>HSBC building in <a href="/wiki/Bur_Dubai" title="Bur Dubai">Bur Dubai</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beirut_Skyline_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Beirut_Skyline_1.jpg/250px-Beirut_Skyline_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Beirut_Skyline_1.jpg/330px-Beirut_Skyline_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Beirut_Skyline_1.jpg/500px-Beirut_Skyline_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>HSBC building in <a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a> (right)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paris_Kleber_HSBC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Paris_Kleber_HSBC.jpg/220px-Paris_Kleber_HSBC.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Paris_Kleber_HSBC.jpg/330px-Paris_Kleber_HSBC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Paris_Kleber_HSBC.jpg/440px-Paris_Kleber_HSBC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2660" data-file-height="2133" /></a><figcaption>Building at 38, avenue Kléber in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, head office of HSBC Continental Europe</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:One_Centenary_Square.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/One_Centenary_Square.jpg/220px-One_Centenary_Square.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/One_Centenary_Square.jpg/330px-One_Centenary_Square.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/One_Centenary_Square.jpg/440px-One_Centenary_Square.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2866" data-file-height="3821" /></a><figcaption>Building at <a href="/wiki/One_Centenary_Square" title="One Centenary Square">One Centenary Square</a> in <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a>, head office of <a href="/wiki/HSBC_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="HSBC (United Kingdom)">HSBC UK</a> since 2018</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:En_Angel_y_el_edificio_HSBC_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/En_Angel_y_el_edificio_HSBC_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-En_Angel_y_el_edificio_HSBC_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/En_Angel_y_el_edificio_HSBC_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-En_Angel_y_el_edificio_HSBC_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/En_Angel_y_el_edificio_HSBC_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-En_Angel_y_el_edificio_HSBC_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Tower,_Mexico_City" title="HSBC Tower, Mexico City">HSBC Tower, Mexico City</a> facing the <a href="/wiki/Angel_of_Independence" title="Angel of Independence">Angel of Independence</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HSBC_Building_Vancouver_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/HSBC_Building_Vancouver_2015.jpg/220px-HSBC_Building_Vancouver_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="343" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/HSBC_Building_Vancouver_2015.jpg/330px-HSBC_Building_Vancouver_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/HSBC_Building_Vancouver_2015.jpg/440px-HSBC_Building_Vancouver_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="641" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Canada_Building" class="mw-redirect" title="HSBC Canada Building">HSBC Canada Building</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HSBC_Tower_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/HSBC_Tower_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-HSBC_Tower_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="345" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/HSBC_Tower_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-HSBC_Tower_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/HSBC_Tower_%28cropped%29.jpg/500px-HSBC_Tower_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1214" data-file-height="1906" /></a><figcaption>HSBC tower in <a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></figcaption></figure> HSBC has its world headquarters at <a href="/wiki/8_Canada_Square" title="8 Canada Square">8 Canada Square</a> in <a href="/wiki/Canary_Wharf" title="Canary Wharf">Canary Wharf</a>, <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> In June 2023, the bank announced its intentions to exit this building when its lease expires in 2027, stating their intention to move to a building in the <a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</a> near <a href="/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Cathedral" title="St Paul's Cathedral">St Paul's Cathedral</a>.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> HSBC's U.S. headquarters is located at <a href="/wiki/The_Spiral_(New_York_City)" title="The Spiral (New York City)">The Spiral</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hudson_Yards,_Manhattan" title="Hudson Yards, Manhattan">Hudson Yards</a>, a neighbourhood in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> Designed by M Moser Associates, it is a 260,000-square-foot, zero-carbon office space.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Size,_profit_and_auditors">Size, profit and auditors</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HSBC&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Size, profit and auditors">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>As of 2014, according to Relsbank, HSBC was the fourth-largest bank in the world by assets (with $2,670.00  billion), the second largest in terms of revenues (with $146.50 billion) and the largest in terms of market value (with $180.81 billion).<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a></li> <li>It was also the most profitable bank in the world with $19.13 billion in net income in 2007 (compared to <a href="/wiki/Citigroup" title="Citigroup">Citigroup</a>'s $3.62 billion and <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_America" title="Bank of America">Bank of America</a>'s $14.98 billion in the same period).<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a></li> <li>In June 2006, <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a> stated that since the end of 2005 HSBC has been rated the largest banking group in the world by <a href="/wiki/Tier_1_capital" title="Tier 1 capital">Tier 1 capital</a>.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> In June 2014 <a href="/wiki/The_Banker" title="The Banker">The Banker</a> ranked HSBC first in Western Europe and 5th in the world for <a href="/wiki/Tier_1_capital" title="Tier 1 capital">Tier 1 capital</a>.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a></li> <li>In February 2008, HSBC was named the world's most valuable banking brand by The Banker magazine.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a></li> <li>HSBC has been audited by <a href="/wiki/PricewaterhouseCoopers" class="mw-redirect" title="PricewaterhouseCoopers">PwC</a>, one of the <a href="/wiki/Big_Four_auditors" class="mw-redirect" title="Big Four auditors">Big Four auditors</a> since 2015.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a></li> <li>Despite being domiciled in the UK, HSBC generates around two-thirds of its profits in Asia, with China contributing 44% of the bank's profit in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HSBC_Building_at_Beach_Street_in_George_Town,_Penang.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/HSBC_Building_at_Beach_Street_in_George_Town%2C_Penang.jpg/220px-HSBC_Building_at_Beach_Street_in_George_Town%2C_Penang.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/HSBC_Building_at_Beach_Street_in_George_Town%2C_Penang.jpg/330px-HSBC_Building_at_Beach_Street_in_George_Town%2C_Penang.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/HSBC_Building_at_Beach_Street_in_George_Town%2C_Penang.jpg/440px-HSBC_Building_at_Beach_Street_in_George_Town%2C_Penang.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2811" data-file-height="3748" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Building_(Penang)" title="HSBC Building (Penang)">HSBC Building</a> in <a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Penang" title="George Town, Penang">George Town</a>, <a href="/wiki/Penang" title="Penang">Penang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Principal_business_groups_and_divisions">Principal business groups and divisions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HSBC&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Principal business groups and divisions">edit</a>]</div> HSBC organises its customer-facing activities within three business groups: Commercial Banking (CMB); Global Banking and Markets (GBM); Wealth and Personal Banking (WPB).<a href="#cite_note-abouthsbc-143">[143]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Commercial_Banking">Commercial Banking</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HSBC&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Commercial Banking">edit</a>]</div> Commercial Banking group has more than 2 million commercial banking customers, including <a href="/wiki/Sole_proprietorship" title="Sole proprietorship">sole proprietors</a>, partnerships, clubs and <a href="/wiki/Voluntary_association" title="Voluntary association">associations</a>, incorporated businesses and publicly quoted companies.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Wealth_and_Personal_Banking">Wealth and Personal Banking</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HSBC&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Wealth and Personal Banking">edit</a>]</div> Wealth and Personal Banking group helps customers to take care of their day-to-day finances and to manage, protect and grow their wealth. HSBC provides more than 54 million such customers.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> It is focused on three operational divisions: Wealth Management, Global Asset Management, and Global Private Banking.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> Retail Banking and Wealth Management (also known as RBWM) was previously referred to as Personal Financial Services (PFS). This rename was announced during HSBC's 2011 Investor Day.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> In 2020, HSBC announced merging two of its business lines: Retail Banking and Wealth Management & Global Private Banking to form a new business unit as Wealth and Personal Banking.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Group_service_centers">Group service centers</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HSBC&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Group service centers">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HSBC-Bangalore-Bannerghatta-Road.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/HSBC-Bangalore-Bannerghatta-Road.jpg/220px-HSBC-Bangalore-Bannerghatta-Road.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/HSBC-Bangalore-Bannerghatta-Road.jpg/330px-HSBC-Bangalore-Bannerghatta-Road.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/HSBC-Bangalore-Bannerghatta-Road.jpg/440px-HSBC-Bangalore-Bannerghatta-Road.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="733" /></a><figcaption>HSBC Data Processing Center in <a href="/wiki/Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a>, India</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HSBC_Group_Service_Center,_Rajagiriya.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/HSBC_Group_Service_Center%2C_Rajagiriya.jpg/250px-HSBC_Group_Service_Center%2C_Rajagiriya.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/HSBC_Group_Service_Center%2C_Rajagiriya.jpg/330px-HSBC_Group_Service_Center%2C_Rajagiriya.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/HSBC_Group_Service_Center%2C_Rajagiriya.jpg/500px-HSBC_Group_Service_Center%2C_Rajagiriya.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="835" /></a><figcaption>The HSBC Technology Center in <a href="/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo">Colombo</a>, Sri Lanka</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Chief_operating_officer" title="Chief operating officer">COO</a> Alan Jebson said in March 2005 that he would be very surprised if fewer than 25,000 people were working in the centers over the next three years: "I don't have a precise target but I would be surprised if we had less than 15 (global service centers) in three years' time." He went on to say that each centre cost the bank from $20m to $30m to set up, but that for every job moved the bank saves about $20,000 (£10,400).<a href="#cite_note-bbc1-149">[149]</a> <a href="/wiki/Trades_union" class="mw-redirect" title="Trades union">Trades unions</a>, particularly in the UK and US, blame these centers for job losses and also for the effective imposition of wage caps on their members.<a href="#cite_note-bbc1-149">[149]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Principal_subsidiaries">Principal subsidiaries</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HSBC&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Principal subsidiaries">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HSBC_Colombo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/HSBC_Colombo.jpg/220px-HSBC_Colombo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/HSBC_Colombo.jpg/330px-HSBC_Colombo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/HSBC_Colombo.jpg/440px-HSBC_Colombo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="525" /></a><figcaption>HSBC Bank in Colombo Fort, <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></figcaption></figure> These are HSBC's subsidiaries worldwide:<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <dl><dt>Africa</dt></dl> <ul><li>HSBC Mauritius (Only commercial banking)</li> <li>HSBC South Africa (Only commercial banking)</li></ul> <dl><dt>Asia-Pacific</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_(Hong_Kong)" title="HSBC (Hong Kong)">HSBC (Hong Kong)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hang_Seng_Bank" title="Hang Seng Bank">Hang Seng Bank</a> <ul><li>Hang Seng Bank (China)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_Australia" title="HSBC Bank Australia">HSBC Bank Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_(Hong_Kong)#Bangladesh" title="HSBC (Hong Kong)">HSBC Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_(China)" title="HSBC Bank (China)">HSBC China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_India" title="HSBC Bank India">HSBC Bank India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_(Hong_Kong)#Indonesia" title="HSBC (Hong Kong)">HSBC Bank Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_(Hong_Kong)#Japan" title="HSBC (Hong Kong)">HSBC Japan</a> (Only commercial banking) (HSBC withdrew consumer retail banking from Japan in 2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_(Hong_Kong)#South_Korea" title="HSBC (Hong Kong)">HSBC Korea</a> (Only commercial banking) (HSBC withdrew consumer retail banking from South Korea in 2013)</li> <li>HSBC Bank Macau</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_Malaysia" title="HSBC Bank Malaysia">HSBC Bank Malaysia</a></li> <li>HSBC Maldives (Only commercial banking) (HSBC withdrew consumer retail banking from Maldives in 2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_(Hong_Kong)#New_Zealand" title="HSBC (Hong Kong)">HSBC New Zealand</a> (Only commercial banking) (HSBC withdrew consumer retail banking from New Zealand in 2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_(Hong_Kong)#Philippines" title="HSBC (Hong Kong)">HSBC Bank Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_(Hong_Kong)" title="HSBC (Hong Kong)">HSBC Bank Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Sri_Lanka" title="HSBC Sri Lanka">HSBC Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_(Taiwan)" title="HSBC Bank (Taiwan)">HSBC Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_(Hong_Kong)#Thailand" title="HSBC (Hong Kong)">HSBC Thailand</a> (Only commercial banking) (HSBC withdrew consumer retail banking from Thailand in 2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_(Hong_Kong)#Vietnam" title="HSBC (Hong Kong)">HSBC Bank Vietnam</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Europe</dt></dl> <ul><li>HSBC Austria (Only Asset Management)</li> <li>HSBC Channel Islands and Isle of Man</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_France" class="mw-redirect" title="HSBC France">HSBC Continental Europe</a> (Only commercial banking). Formed by: <ul><li>HSBC Continental Europe, Belgium</li> <li>HSBC Continental Europe, Czech Republic</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_France" class="mw-redirect" title="HSBC France">HSBC Continental Europe, France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Trinkaus" title="HSBC Trinkaus">HSBC Continental Europe, Germany</a></li> <li>HSBC Continental Europe, Ireland</li> <li>HSBC Continental Europe, Italy</li> <li>HSBC Continental Europe, Luxembourg</li> <li>HSBC Continental Europe, Netherlands</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_Polska" title="HSBC Bank Polska">HSBC Continental Europe, Poland</a></li> <li>HSBC Continental Europe, Spain</li> <li>HSBC Continental Europe, Sweden</li></ul></li> <li>HSBC Denmark (Only Asset Management)</li> <li>HSBC Finland (Only Asset Management)</li> <li>HSBC Greece (Only Asset Management) (HSBC withdrew consumer retail banking from Greece in 2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_Malta" title="HSBC Bank Malta">HSBC Bank Malta</a></li> <li>HSBC Norway (Only Asset Management)</li> <li>HSBC Portugal (Only Asset Management)</li> <li>HSBC Switzerland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_UK" title="HSBC UK">HSBC UK Bank plc</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>The Americas</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_Bermuda" title="HSBC Bank Bermuda">HSBC Bank Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_(Brazil)" title="HSBC Bank (Brazil)">HSBC Brazil</a> (Only commercial banking) (HSBC withdrew consumer retail banking from Brazil in 2016)</li> <li>HSBC Institutional Trust Services (British Virgin Islands)</li> <li>HSBC Cayman Services (Cayman Islands) (HSBC withdrew consumer retail banking from the Cayman Islands in 2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="HSBC Bank Chile">HSBC Bank Chile</a> (Only commercial banking)</li> <li>HSBC Colombia (HSBC withdrew consumer retail banking from Colombia in 2012)</li> <li>HSBC Peru (HSBC withdrew consumer retail banking from Peru in 2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_M%C3%A9xico" title="HSBC México">HSBC México</a></li> <li>HSBC Uruguay</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_USA" title="HSBC Bank USA">HSBC Bank USA</a> <ul><li>HSBC Securities (USA) Inc.</li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt>Middle East</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_Egypt" title="HSBC Bank Egypt">HSBC Bank Egypt</a></li> <li>HSBC Israel (Only commercial banking)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_Middle_East#Lebanon" title="HSBC Bank Middle East">HSBC Lebanon</a> (Only commercial banking) (HSBC withdrew consumer retail banking from Lebanon in 2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_Middle_East" title="HSBC Bank Middle East">HSBC Bank Middle East</a>. Formed by: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_Middle_East#Algeria" title="HSBC Bank Middle East">HSBC Bank Middle East Limited Algeria Branch</a> (Only commercial banking)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_Middle_East#Bahrain" title="HSBC Bank Middle East">HSBC Bank Middle East Limited Bahrain Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_Middle_East#Kuwait" title="HSBC Bank Middle East">HSBC Bank Middle East Limited Kuwait Branch</a> (Only commercial banking)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_Middle_East#Oman" title="HSBC Bank Middle East">HSBC Bank Middle East Limited Oman Branch</a> (Only commercial banking) (HSBC withdrew consumer retail banking from Oman in 2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_Middle_East#Qatar" title="HSBC Bank Middle East">HSBC Bank Middle East Limited Qatar Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_Middle_East#United_Arab_Emirates" title="HSBC Bank Middle East">HSBC Bank Middle East Limited UAE Branch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Awwal_Bank" title="Saudi Awwal Bank">Saudi Awwal Bank</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Saudi_Arabia" title="HSBC Saudi Arabia">HSBC Saudi Arabia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_(Turkey)" title="HSBC Bank (Turkey)">HSBC Bank (Turkey)</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Specialized_Ventures">Specialized Ventures</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HSBC&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Specialized Ventures">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115" /><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Finance" title="HSBC Finance">HSBC Finance</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Non-bank_financial_institution" title="Non-bank financial institution">non-banking financial services</a> arm that focuses on credit card networking and consumer finance.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Insurance_(Asia_Pacific)" title="HSBC Insurance (Asia Pacific)">HSBC Insurance (Asia Pacific)</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Insurance" title="Insurance">insurance</a> arm.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Private_Bank" title="HSBC Private Bank">HSBC Private Bank</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Private_banking" title="Private banking">private banking</a> arm.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Expat" title="HSBC Expat">HSBC Expat</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Offshore_bank" title="Offshore bank">offshore banking</a> arm that focuses on providing finance and cross border services to <a href="/wiki/Expatriate" title="Expatriate">expatriates</a> and <a href="/wiki/Immigration" title="Immigration">migrants</a>.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Spin-offs">Spin-offs</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HSBC&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Spin-offs">edit</a>]</div> HSBC ceased retail banking operations in <a href="/wiki/HSBC_(Hong_Kong)#Thailand" title="HSBC (Hong Kong)">Thailand</a> and <a href="/wiki/HSBC_(Hong_Kong)#Japan" title="HSBC (Hong Kong)">Japan</a> in 2012, <a href="/wiki/HSBC_(Hong_Kong)#South_Korea" title="HSBC (Hong Kong)">South Korea</a> in 2013, <a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="HSBC Bank Brazil">Brazil</a> and Maldives in 2016, <a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_Middle_East#Oman" title="HSBC Bank Middle East">Oman</a> in 2023, and New Zealand, Mauritius and <a href="/wiki/HSBC_Continental_Europe" title="HSBC Continental Europe">France</a> in 2024.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> HSBC sold its businesses in <a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_Costa_Rica" title="HSBC Bank Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Banco_Davivienda_El_Salvador" title="Banco Davivienda El Salvador">El Salvador</a>, Honduras, Colombia, Peru, Uruguay, Paraguay and Hungary in 2012,<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> <a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_Panama" title="HSBC Bank Panama">Panama</a> and Guatemala in 2013,<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> Kazakhstan, <a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_Middle_East#Pakistan" title="HSBC Bank Middle East">Pakistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_Middle_East#Jordan" title="HSBC Bank Middle East">Jordan</a>, Libya, Cook Islands and Cayman Islands in 2014,<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> <a href="/wiki/HSBC_Private_Bank_(Monaco)" title="HSBC Private Bank (Monaco)">Monaco</a> and <a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_Middle_East#Lebanon" title="HSBC Bank Middle East">Lebanon</a> in 2016,<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> <a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_Greece" title="HSBC Bank Greece">Greece</a> in 2023,<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> and <a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_Canada" title="HSBC Bank Canada">Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_Argentina" title="HSBC Bank Argentina">Argentina</a>, <a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_(Russia)" title="HSBC Bank (Russia)">Russia</a> and <a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_Armenia" title="HSBC Bank Armenia">Armenia</a> in 2024<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> HSBC ceased banking operations in Nicaragua in 2009,<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> <a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_Georgia" title="HSBC Bank Georgia">Georgia</a> in 2011,<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> Slovakia in 2012,<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> and <a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_Middle_East#Palestinian_Territories" title="HSBC Bank Middle East">Palestine</a> in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> HSBC disposed of its 70.1% stake in the <a href="/wiki/Dar_Es_Salaam_Investment_Bank" title="Dar Es Salaam Investment Bank">Dar Es Salaam Investment Bank</a>, a bank based in <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> <a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_(Turkey)" title="HSBC Bank (Turkey)">HSBC Bank (Turkey)</a> transferred its operations in the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus">Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus</a> to ALBANK in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> HSBC entered Brunei in 1947 but commenced winding down its operations in April 2016 citing the bank's optimisation of its global network and reduced complexity.<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> As of 2019,<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=HSBC&action=edit">[update]</a> HSBC stopped offering Amanah (a retail banking product and service in compliance with the Islamic Shari'ah laws) in Bahrain, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Singapore and the UAE following a strategic review of its global Islamic Finance businesses, while the bank continues on offering the same Shari'ah compliant products and services in Malaysia and in Saudi Arabia.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Products">Products</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HSBC&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Products">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="HSBC_Direct">HSBC Direct</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HSBC&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: HSBC Direct">edit</a>]</div> HSBC Direct is a telephone/online direct banking operation which attracts customers through mortgages, accounts and savings. It was first launched in the USA<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> in November 2005 and is based on HSBC's '<a href="/wiki/First_Direct" title="First Direct">First Direct</a>' subsidiary in Britain which was launched in the 1980s. The service is now also available in Taiwan,<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> South Korea,<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> Australia, France.<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> Poland is launching business direct in September 2009. In the US, HSBC Direct is now part of HSBC Advance.<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="HSBCnet">HSBCnet</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HSBC&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: HSBCnet">edit</a>]</div> HSBCnet provides access to transaction banking functionality – ranging from payments and cash management to trade services features – as well as to research and analytical content from HSBC. It also includes foreign exchange and money markets trading functionality. The system is used widely by HSBC's high-end corporate and institutional clients served variously by the bank's global banking and markets, commercial banking, and global transaction banking divisions. HSBCnet is also the brand under which HSBC markets its global e-commerce proposition to its corporate and institutional clients.<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="HSBC_Advance">HSBC Advance</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HSBC&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: HSBC Advance">edit</a>]</div> HSBC Advance is the group's product aimed at working professionals. The exact benefits and qualifications vary depending on country, but typically require a monthly direct deposit or maintain US$5,000 of deposit/investments or residential mortgage. Business owners may use commercial relationship to qualify. Advantages may vary depending on country, such as day-to-day banking services including but not limited to a Platinum Credit Card, Advance ATM Card, Current Account and Savings Account. Protection plans and Financial Planning Services. A HSBC Advance customer enables the customer to open accounts in another country and transfer their credit history.<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="HSBC_Premier">HSBC Premier</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HSBC&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: HSBC Premier">edit</a>]</div> HSBC Premier is the group's premium financial services product.<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> It has its own portfolio of credit cards around the world. The exact benefits and qualification criteria vary depending on the country. Customers have a dedicated premier relationship manager, global 24-hour access to call centres, free banking services, and preferential rates. A HSBC Premier customer receives the HSBC Premier services in all countries that offer HSBC Premier, without having to meet that country's qualifying criteria ("Premier in One, Premier in All").<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="HSBC_Jade">HSBC Jade</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HSBC&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: HSBC Jade">edit</a>]</div> HSBC Jade is an invite-only financial services product aimed at individuals with net worths typically between $1 million and $5 million in investible assets held with HSBC. Before invitation, members must be HSBC Premier members for a designated period of time. In addition to HSBC Premier benefits, HSBC Jade have select concierge services, estate planning services, and access to Jade Centres around the globe.<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HSBC&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Controversies">edit</a>]</div> HSBC has been implicated in a number of <a href="#Controversies">controversies</a> and the bank has been repeatedly fined for <a href="/wiki/Money_laundering" title="Money laundering">money laundering</a> (sometimes in relation to major criminal organizations such as the <a href="/wiki/Sinaloa_cartel" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinaloa cartel">Sinaloa cartel</a>)<a href="#cite_note-too-big-to-jail-194">[194]</a> or setting up large scale <a href="/wiki/Tax_avoidance" title="Tax avoidance">tax avoidance</a> schemes. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Money_laundering">Money laundering</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HSBC&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Money laundering">edit</a>]</div> In both 2003 and 2010, U.S. regulators ordered HSBC to strengthen its anti-money laundering practices.<a href="#cite_note-CNNMoney_Dec_12_2012-195">[195]</a> In October 2010, the United States <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Comptroller_of_the_Currency" title="Office of the Comptroller of the Currency">OCC</a> issued a <a href="/wiki/Cease_and_desist" title="Cease and desist">Cease and Desist Order</a> requiring HSBC to strengthen multiple aspects of its Anti-Money Laundering (AML) program. The identified problems included a once massive backlog of over 17,000 alerts identifying suspicious activity, failure to file timely <a href="/wiki/Suspicious_activity_report" title="Suspicious activity report">suspicious activity reports</a> with U.S. law enforcement, failure to conduct any <a href="/wiki/Due_diligence" title="Due diligence">due diligence</a> to assess risks to HSBC affiliates before opening <a href="/wiki/Correspondent_account" title="Correspondent account">correspondent accounts</a> for them, a three-year failure by <a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_USA" title="HSBC Bank USA">HBUS</a> from mid-2006 to mid-2009 to conduct any AML of $15 billion in bulk cash transactions from those same HSBC affiliates, failure to monitor $60 trillion in annual wire transfers by customers in countries rated lower risk by HBUS, and inadequate and unqualified AML staffing, resources, and leadership. It was noted that HSBC fully cooperated with the Senate investigation.<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> In 2012, HSBC was fined by $14 million by Argentina for failure to report suspicious transactions in the country in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a> On 19 July 2012, India investigated alleged violation of safety compliance, in which Indian employees were believed to be involved.<a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a> On 9 November 2012, Indian activist and politician <a href="/wiki/Arvind_Kejriwal" title="Arvind Kejriwal">Arvind Kejriwal</a> said he had details of 700 Indian bank accounts hiding black money with a total value of ₹60 billion (US$690 million) with HSBC in <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>.<a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a> In June 2013, a media outlet in India did an undercover expose where HSBC officers were caught on camera agreeing to launder "black money." HSBC placed these employees on leave pending their own internal investigation.<a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a> In November 2012, it was reported that HSBC had set up offshore accounts in <a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a> for suspected drug-dealers and other criminals, and that <a href="/wiki/HM_Revenue_and_Customs" title="HM Revenue and Customs">HM Revenue and Customs</a> had launched an investigation following a <a href="/wiki/Whistleblower" class="mw-redirect" title="Whistleblower">whistle blower</a> leaking details of £700 million allegedly held in HSBC accounts in the Crown dependency.<a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a> Following search warrants and raids beginning in January 2013, in mid-March 2013 Argentina's main taxing authority accused HSBC of using fake receipts and dummy accounts to facilitate money laundering and tax evasion.<a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a><a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a> In early February 2013, appearing before UK's Parliamentary Banking Standards Commission, CEO Stuart Gulliver acknowledged that the structure of the bank had been "not fit for purpose." He also stated, "Matters that should have been shared and escalated were not shared and escalated."<a href="#cite_note-Independent_Feb_6_2013-205">[205]</a> HSBC has also been accused of laundering money for terrorist groups.<a href="#cite_note-Independent_Feb_6_2013-205">[205]</a><a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a> In June 2015, HSBC was fined by the Geneva authorities after an investigation into money laundering within its Swiss subsidiary. The fine was 40 million Swiss Francs.<a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a> In 2018, HSBC was fined 15 million rand by South Africa's central bank for weaknesses in its processes meant to detect money laundering and terrorism financing, though it also added that HSBC was not found to have facilitated any transactions involving money laundering or the financing of terrorism in South Africa.<a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a> In 2020, HSBC told AUSTRAC that it may have broken Australia's anti money laundering and counter-terrorism laws after allegedly failing to report thousands of transactions to AUSTRAC.<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a><a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a> In July 2021, HSBC disclosed that in 2016 it discovered a suspected money laundering network that received $4.2 billion worth of payments which has raised questions over whether it disclosed this appropriately to US monitors as the bank was still under probation by U.S. authorities over anti-money laundering concerns.<a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a><a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a> In December 2021, HSBC was fined 64 million pounds ($85 million) by British regulators for failings in its anti-money laundering processes spanning eight years.<a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="US_Senate_investigation_(2012)">US Senate investigation (2012)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HSBC&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: US Senate investigation (2012)">edit</a>]</div> In July 2012, a US Senate committee issued a report<a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a> which stated that HSBC had been in breach of money-laundering rules, and had assisted Iran and North Korea to circumvent US nuclear-weapons sanctions.<a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a><a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a> In December 2012, Assistant U.S. Attorney General <a href="/wiki/Lanny_A._Breuer" title="Lanny A. Breuer">Lanny Breuer</a> suggested that the U.S. government might resist criminal prosecution of HSBC which could lead to the loss of the bank's U.S. charter. He stated, "Our goal here is not to bring HSBC down, it's not to cause a systemic effect on the economy, it's not for people to lose thousands of jobs."<a href="#cite_note-CNNMoney_Dec_12_2012-195">[195]</a> In December 2012, HSBC was penalised $1.9 billion (US), the largest fine under the <a href="/wiki/Bank_Secrecy_Act" title="Bank Secrecy Act">Bank Secrecy Act</a>, for violating four U.S. laws designed to protect the U.S. financial system.<a href="#cite_note-theglobeandmail.com-217">[217]</a> HSBC had allegedly laundered at least $881 million in drugs proceeds through the U.S. financial system for international cartels, as well as processing an additional $660 million for banks in US sanctioned countries. According to the report, "The U.S. bank subsidiary [also] failed to monitor more than $670 billion in wire transfers and more than $9.4 billion in purchases of physical dollars from its Mexico unit."<a href="#cite_note-theglobeandmail.com-217">[217]</a> As part of the agreement deferring its prosecution, HSBC acknowledged that for years it had ignored warning signs that drug cartels in Mexico were using its branches to launder millions of dollars, and also acknowledged that HSBC's international staff had stripped identifying information on transactions made through the United States from countries facing economic sanctions such as Iran and Sudan.<a href="#cite_note-CNNMoney_Dec_12_2012-195">[195]</a> A December 2012 <a href="/wiki/CNN_Business" title="CNN Business">CNNMoney</a> article compared the 1.9 billion dollar fine to HSBC's profit "last year" (2011) of 16.8 billion.<a href="#cite_note-CNNMoney_Dec_12_2012-195">[195]</a> In 2016, HSBC was sued by American families involved in deaths by organized-crime gangs for processing funds ("money laundering") for the Sinaloa cartel.<a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="FinCEN_Files_(2020)">FinCEN Files (2020)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HSBC&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: FinCEN Files (2020)">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/FinCEN_Files" title="FinCEN Files">FinCEN Files</a> showed that HSBC continued to serve alleged criminals and corporations involved in government corruption, including $292 million for the Waked Family company Viva Panama between 2010 and 2016 before the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Department of the Treasury">United States Department of the Treasury</a> declared it a drug money-laundering organization. HSBC's activities took place while the bank was under probation from the U.S. government; six former HSBC employees reported to the <a href="/wiki/International_Consortium_of_Investigative_Journalists" title="International Consortium of Investigative Journalists">International Consortium of Investigative Journalists</a> that the deferred prosecution agreement for HSBC marked a "cultural shift" in the organization toward profit-making motives. Employees working in compliance at HSBC also expressed concern to Buzzfeed about what they felt were inadequate efforts to combat money laundering, including hasty investigations and unachievable internal investigation quotas.<a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a><a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a> In response to the report HSBC said it is "continually seeking ways to improve" its financial crime compliance regime.<a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Forex,_Libor_and_Euribor_scandals_(2014)">Forex, Libor and Euribor scandals (2014)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HSBC&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Forex, Libor and Euribor scandals (2014)">edit</a>]</div> The bank was fined US$275m by the US <a href="/wiki/Commodity_Futures_Trading_Commission" title="Commodity Futures Trading Commission">CFTC</a> in 2014 for taking part in the <a href="/wiki/Forex_scandal" title="Forex scandal">Forex scandal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a> The bank also settled for US$18m in the related <a href="/wiki/Libor_scandal" title="Libor scandal">Libor scandal</a> and EUR 33m for the <a href="/wiki/Euribor" title="Euribor">Euribor</a> rate scandal (relative to other banks a small amount).<a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a><a href="#cite_note-224">[224]</a> In October 2020 HSBC was fined about $2.2 million over the <a href="/wiki/Euribor" title="Euribor">Euribor</a> rate scandal in Switzerland.<a href="#cite_note-225">[225]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Belgian_tax_fraud,_money_laundering_charges_(2014)">Belgian tax fraud, money laundering charges (2014)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HSBC&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Belgian tax fraud, money laundering charges (2014)">edit</a>]</div> In November 2014, HSBC was accused of tax fraud and money laundering by Belgian Prosecutors for helping hundreds of clients move money into offshore tax havens.<a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a><a href="#cite_note-227">[227]</a> In August 2019, HSBC agreed to pay $336 million to settle the case.<a href="#cite_note-228">[228]</a><a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tax_avoidance_schemes_(2015)">Tax avoidance schemes (2015)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HSBC&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Tax avoidance schemes (2015)">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Leaks" title="Swiss Leaks">Swiss Leaks</a></div> In February 2015, the <a href="/wiki/The_Global_Muckraker" class="mw-redirect" title="The Global Muckraker">International Consortium of Investigative Journalists</a> released information about the bank's business conduct under the title <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Leaks" title="Swiss Leaks">Swiss Leaks</a>. The ICIJ alleges that the bank profited from doing business with tax evaders and other clients.<a href="#cite_note-auto-86">[86]</a> The <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> reported that the bank had put pressure on media not to report about the controversy, with British newspaper <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> claiming bank advertising had been put "on pause" after The Guardian's coverage of the matter.<a href="#cite_note-230">[230]</a> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Oborne" title="Peter Oborne">Peter Oborne</a>, chief political commentator at <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a>, resigned from the paper and in an open letter claimed the newspaper suppressed negative stories and dropped investigations into HSBC because of the bank's advertising.<a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a> In November 2017, <a href="/wiki/HSBC_Private_Bank" title="HSBC Private Bank">HSBC</a> agreed to pay $352 million to settle a French investigation into the case.<a href="#cite_note-232">[232]</a> In August 2019, the former head of HSBC Swiss from 2000 to 2008, Peter Braunwalder pleaded guilty in a French court for helping wealthy clients hide $1.8 billion. He was fined $560,000 and received a one-year suspended jail sentence.<a href="#cite_note-233">[233]</a> In December 2019, HSBC Swiss agreed to pay a $192 million United States fine for the case.<a href="#cite_note-234">[234]</a><a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="$3.5_billion_currency_scheme_(2016)">$3.5 billion currency scheme (2016)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HSBC&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: $3.5 billion currency scheme (2016)">edit</a>]</div> In July 2016, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">United States Department of Justice</a> charged two executives from HSBC Bank over an alleged $3.5 billion currency scheme which <a href="/wiki/Defraud" class="mw-redirect" title="Defraud">defrauded</a> HSBC clients and "manipulated the foreign exchange market to benefit themselves and their bank".<a href="#cite_note-:0-236">[236]</a> "Mark Johnson and Stuart Scott, both British citizens, are being accused." "Johnson was arrested late Tuesday [19 July 2016] at JFK International Airport in New York City."<a href="#cite_note-:1-237">[237]</a> "Stuart Scott, who was HSBC's European head of foreign exchange trading in London until December 2014, is accused of the same crimes." A warrant was issued for Scott's arrest, but he fled to Britain. In July 2018 the <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Justice" title="High Court of Justice">High Court of Justice</a> ruled against extraditing him to the United States since most of the alleged crimes took place in Britain and because Scott has no significant connection to the United States.<a href="#cite_note-238">[238]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-236">[236]</a> Mark Johnson was later convicted of nine counts of wire fraud and conspiracy to defraud related to front running the currency trades of HSBC clients and sentenced to two years in federal prison.<a href="#cite_note-239">[239]</a><a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a> He was released after serving three months in prison and was allowed to return home to the U.K. while he pursued an appeal. November 2020 the U.S. Supreme Court declined to hear an appeal of his 2017 conviction, which was previously upheld by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Second_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit</a>. It meant he would have to return to the U.S. to serve his sentence.<a href="#cite_note-241">[241]</a> In February 2021 a judge ruled that Johnson would not need to report to prison until he is vaccinated against COVID-19.<a href="#cite_note-242">[242]</a> In January 2018 HSBC agreed to pay a $101.5 million fine over the case.<a href="#cite_note-243">[243]</a><a href="#cite_note-244">[244]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Defense_industry_(2018)">Defense industry (2018)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HSBC&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Defense industry (2018)">edit</a>]</div> In December 2018, <a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post" title="The Jerusalem Post">The Jerusalem Post</a> reported that HSBC confirmed that the bank would divest from <a href="/wiki/Elbit_Systems" title="Elbit Systems">Elbit Systems Ltd</a>., Israel's largest non-government-owned military contractor,<a href="#cite_note-245">[245]</a> active in numerous defence-related industries. HSBC justified its decision by claiming it "strongly supports observance of international human rights principles as they apply to business."<a href="#cite_note-246">[246]</a> In response, the group Palestine Solidarity Campaign (PSC) released a press release in which it "declared a victory" and quoted PSC director Ben Jamal saying the decision demonstrates "the effectiveness of <a href="/wiki/Boycott,_Divestment_and_Sanctions" title="Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions">Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions</a> as a tactic."<a href="#cite_note-247">[247]</a> JewishPress.com reported that multiple sources claimed HSBC's decision was not influenced by the BDS movement but was an "investment decision."<a href="#cite_note-248">[248]</a> In an editorial titled "Bad Banking", The Jerusalem Post wrote, "HSBC, if this is your final decision, you will go down on the wrong side of history. Do you understand that Israel is using Elbit technology to protect itself against Palestinian terror, and not to undermine the rights of the Palestinian people? If you are really concerned about human rights, perhaps you might consider using some of your own income to invest in the Palestinian economy, and boost cooperation between Israeli and Palestinian institutions."<a href="#cite_note-249">[249]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Housing_crisis_fine_(2018)">Housing crisis fine (2018)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HSBC&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Housing crisis fine (2018)">edit</a>]</div> In 2018, HSBC agreed to pay a $765 million fine to settle claims it mis-sold <a href="/wiki/Residential_mortgage-backed_security" title="Residential mortgage-backed security">Residential mortgage-backed securities</a> between 2005 and 2007.<a href="#cite_note-250">[250]</a><a href="#cite_note-251">[251]</a> Forbes noted the settlement was the lowest of 11 banks that settled with the Department of Justice.<a href="#cite_note-252">[252]</a> HSBC has said in a statement that it has been improving relevant control mechanisms since the financial crisis.<a href="#cite_note-253">[253]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Support_for_China's_Security_Law_for_Hong_Kong_(2020)">Support for China's Security Law for Hong Kong (2020)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HSBC&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Support for China's Security Law for Hong Kong (2020)">edit</a>]</div> In June 2020, on the eve of the anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/1989_Tiananmen_Square_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="1989 Tiananmen Square protests">Tiananmen Square protests</a>, HSBC took the rare step of wading into political issues by publicly backing Beijing's controversial new <a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Congress_decision_on_Hong_Kong_national_security_legislation" title="National People's Congress decision on Hong Kong national security legislation">national security law</a> for <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Bloomberg-254">[254]</a> The chief executive for HSBC's Asia-Pacific division, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Wong_(banker)" title="Peter Wong (banker)">Peter Wong</a>, signed a petition supporting the law and stated in a post on Chinese social media that HSBC "respects and supports all laws that stabilise Hong Kong's social order."<a href="#cite_note-Globe_and_Mail-255">[255]</a><a href="#cite_note-Fortune-256">[256]</a> Though HSBC moved its headquarters to London in 1993, Hong Kong remains its largest market accounting for 54% of its profit, a third of its global revenue, and 50,000 local staff.<a href="#cite_note-BBC_News_4_June_2020-257">[257]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bloomberg_2-258">[258]</a> In response, <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Wong" title="Joshua Wong">Joshua Wong</a>, a top Hong Kong pro-democracy activist decried the bank's position stating that HSBC's stance demonstrates "how China will use the national security law as new leverage for more political influence over foreign business community in this global city."<a href="#cite_note-Fortune-256">[256]</a> <a href="/wiki/Alistair_Carmichael" title="Alistair Carmichael">Alistair Carmichael</a>, the U.K. chairman of the All Parliamentary Group on Hong Kong, said HSBC made a serious error by bending to China's will regarding the security law, calling it "a colossal misjudgment" since it would be seen as a large British corporation advocating for "a fairly flagrant breach of international law" when banks rely on a rules-based system.<a href="#cite_note-Bloomberg-254">[254]</a> <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> alleged that "the new national security law will deal the most severe blow to the rights of people in Hong Kong since the territory's transfer to China in 1997."<a href="#cite_note-BBC_News_4_June_2020-257">[257]</a> British <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Foreign_and_Commonwealth_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs">Foreign Secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/Dominic_Raab" title="Dominic Raab">Dominic Raab</a> also commented on HSBC's stance, saying "Businesses will make their own judgment calls, but let me just put it this way – we will not sacrifice the people of Hong Kong over the altar of banker bonuses".<a href="#cite_note-259">[259]</a> Since August 2020, HSBC has frozen the accounts of numerous pro-democratic organizations and activists, and their families, including <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Lai" title="Jimmy Lai">Jimmy Lai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ted_Hui" title="Ted Hui">Ted Hui</a> and the Good Neighbour North District Church.<a href="#cite_note-260">[260]</a><a href="#cite_note-261">[261]</a> In January 2021, the CEO of HSBC defended its relationship with Chinese authorities in Hong Kong and freezing of Ted Hui's account to the United Kingdom's parliamentary foreign affairs committee.<a href="#cite_note-262">[262]</a><a href="#cite_note-263">[263]</a> In February 2021, more than 50 members of the <a href="/wiki/Inter-Parliamentary_Alliance_on_China" title="Inter-Parliamentary Alliance on China">Inter-Parliamentary Alliance on China</a> called for the immediate unfreezing of funds belonging to Ted Hui and his family,<a href="#cite_note-264">[264]</a><a href="#cite_note-265">[265]</a> In 2023 an <a href="/wiki/All-party_parliamentary_group" title="All-party parliamentary group">All-party parliamentary group</a> released a report regarding the actions of the bank's operations in Hong Kong.<a href="#cite_note-266">[266]</a> The report found that HSBC was complicit in human rights abuses by bank's cutting off the pension plan after the Hong Kong authority cut off pension funding for those that fled the anti-democratic crackdown on the region. The group was chaired by <a href="/wiki/Alistair_Carmichael" title="Alistair Carmichael">Alistair Carmichael</a> who stated that the bank has been "complicit in the repression of the human rights of innocent Hong Kongers".<a href="#cite_note-267">[267]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sterling_Lads_(2021)">Sterling Lads (2021)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HSBC&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Sterling Lads (2021)">edit</a>]</div> EU antitrust regulators fined HSBC 174.3 million euros for foreign exchange market rigging by exchanging sensitive information and trading plans through an online chat room dubbed "Sterling Lads".<a href="#cite_note-268">[268]</a><a href="#cite_note-269">[269]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HSBC&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Other">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Data_loss_(2008)">Data loss (2008)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HSBC&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Data loss (2008)">edit</a>]</div> In 2008, HSBC issued a statement confirming it had lost a disc containing details of 370,000 customers of its <a href="/wiki/Life_insurance" title="Life insurance">life insurance</a> business. HSBC said the disc had failed to arrive in the post between offices and it was not <a href="/wiki/Encrypted" class="mw-redirect" title="Encrypted">encrypted</a>.<a href="#cite_note-270">[270]</a> The bank was later fined over £3 million by the <a href="/wiki/Financial_Services_Authority" title="Financial Services Authority">Financial Services Authority</a> for failing to exercise reasonable care with regards to data protection in connection with this and other lost customer information.<a href="#cite_note-271">[271]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Breaching_Iran_sanctions_for_Huawei_(2009–2014)">Breaching Iran sanctions for Huawei (2009–2014)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HSBC&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Breaching Iran sanctions for Huawei (2009–2014)">edit</a>]</div> From 2009 to 2014, in breach of United States sanctions on Iran, the bank facilitated money transfers in Iran on behalf of the Chinese company <a href="/wiki/Huawei" title="Huawei">Huawei</a>.<a href="#cite_note-272">[272]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gaddafi_Libya_claims_(2011)">Gaddafi Libya claims (2011)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HSBC&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Gaddafi Libya claims (2011)">edit</a>]</div> According to <a href="/wiki/Global_Witness" title="Global Witness">Global Witness</a> and cited by BBC, "billions of dollars of assets" were held by the bank for the <a href="/wiki/Libyan_Investment_Authority" title="Libyan Investment Authority">Libyan Investment Authority</a>, controlled by Colonel <a href="/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi" title="Muammar Gaddafi">Muammar Gaddafi</a>. Following Gaddafi's overthrow the bank declined to reveal information about the funds citing customer confidentiality.<a href="#cite_note-273">[273]</a><a href="#cite_note-274">[274]</a><a href="#cite_note-275">[275]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Deforestation_claims_(2012,_2018)">Deforestation claims (2012, 2018)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HSBC&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Deforestation claims (2012, 2018)">edit</a>]</div> In the report titled "In the Future There Will Be No Forests Left" produced by <a href="/wiki/Global_Witness" title="Global Witness">Global Witness</a>, the bank was accused of supporting the seven largest <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysian</a> timber conglomerates, which are responsible for <a href="/wiki/Deforestation" title="Deforestation">deforestation</a> in the Malaysian state of <a href="/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak">Sarawak</a>.<a href="#cite_note-276">[276]</a> The bank declined to divulge its clients, citing client confidentiality, but maintains that the accusations are not accurate.<a href="#cite_note-277">[277]</a> The environmentalist group <a href="/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace">Greenpeace</a> has also alleged that the bank is contributing to the deforestation in Indonesia and subsequent hazardous impacts in the region by providing funds to palm oil producers for new plantations. The bank has denied these claims, citing its sustainability policy that prohibits the bank from financing projects that "damage high conservation value forest."<a href="#cite_note-278">[278]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Money-laundering_policies_(2014)">Money-laundering policies (2014)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HSBC&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Money-laundering policies (2014)">edit</a>]</div> The bank was reported to have refused large cash withdrawals for customers without a third-party letter confirming what the money would be used for.<a href="#cite_note-bbc25861717-279">[279]</a> <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Carswell" title="Douglas Carswell">Douglas Carswell</a>, the Conservative MP for Clacton, was alarmed by the policy: "All these regulations which have been imposed on banks allow enormous interpretation. It basically infantilises the customer. In a sense, your money becomes pocket money and the bank becomes your parent."<a href="#cite_note-bbc25861717-279">[279]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Payments-processing_failures_(2015)">Payments-processing failures (2015)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HSBC&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Payments-processing failures (2015)">edit</a>]</div> In August 2015, the bank failed to process <a href="/wiki/BACS" class="mw-redirect" title="BACS">BACS</a> payments resulting in thousands of salaries not paid, house purchase and payment for essential home care failures.<a href="#cite_note-BBC_News-280">[280]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Spam_phone_calls_(2020)">Spam phone calls (2020)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HSBC&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Spam phone calls (2020)">edit</a>]</div> In January 2020, HSBC agreed to pay a $2.4 million settlement for a lawsuit filed in 2015 by customers who stated they received spam phone calls from the company.<a href="#cite_note-281">[281]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Racism_report_(2021)">Racism report (2021)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HSBC&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Racism report (2021)">edit</a>]</div> HSBC banker Ian Clarke alleged a failure of HSBC to retain or promote black and other ethnic minority staff, a lack of such people in senior positions, and insufficient policies to address these problems. HSBC did not address the specifics of Clarke's assertions and he resigned shortly thereafter.<a href="#cite_note-282">[282]</a><a href="#cite_note-283">[283]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Climate_change_(2022)">Climate change (2022)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HSBC&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Climate change (2022)">edit</a>]</div> Stuart Kirk, the bank's global head of responsible investing, was suspended in May due to his speech in which he said "There's always some nut job telling me about the end of the world." He quit his position in July, criticising the "cancel culture" in his Linkedin post, and blaming it for his suspension and resignation.<a href="#cite_note-284">[284]</a> In October, the company had its two advertisements banned due to being misleading about the company's activities for reducing the effects of climate change. The Advertising Standards Authority (ASA), who was behind the ban, stated that the posters omitted material information about how HSBC planned to tackle the climate change and reduce its impact.<a href="#cite_note-285">[285]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Logo">Logo</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HSBC&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Logo">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:HSBC.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/HSBC.svg/200px-HSBC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/HSBC.svg/300px-HSBC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/HSBC.svg/400px-HSBC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="56" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Logo used from 1998 to 2018, a previous version had the hexagon and HSBC name in differing sizes and positioning</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:HSBC_logo_(2018).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/HSBC_logo_%282018%29.svg/250px-HSBC_logo_%282018%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/HSBC_logo_%282018%29.svg/330px-HSBC_logo_%282018%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/HSBC_logo_%282018%29.svg/500px-HSBC_logo_%282018%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="138" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Logo used from 2018 to present</div></div></div></div></div> The group announced in November 1998 that the HSBC brand and the hexagon symbol would be adopted as the unified brand in all the markets where HSBC operates, with the aim of enhancing recognition of the group and its values by customers, shareholders and staff throughout the world. The hexagon symbol was originally adopted by the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation as its logo in 1983. It was developed from the bank's house <a href="/wiki/Flag" title="Flag">flag</a>, a white rectangle divided diagonally to produce a red <a href="/wiki/Hourglass_(sandglass)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hourglass (sandglass)">hourglass</a> shape. Like many other Hong Kong company flags that originated in the 19th century, and because of its founder's nationality, the design was based on the <a href="/wiki/Saltire" title="Saltire">cross</a> of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Andrew" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Andrew">Saint Andrew</a>. The logo was designed by Austrian graphic artist <a href="/wiki/Henry_Steiner" title="Henry Steiner">Henry Steiner</a>.<a href="#cite_note-286">[286]</a> In 2018, HSBC made minor changes to their logo. The wordmark was repositioned from left to the right, resized to be smaller, and was switched from <a href="/wiki/Serif" title="Serif">Serif</a> to a licensed custom font called Univers Next for HSBC. The logo red was made slightly darker red.<a href="#cite_note-287">[287]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sponsorships">Sponsorships</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HSBC&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Sponsorships">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Webber_usgp_2004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Webber_usgp_2004.jpg/220px-Webber_usgp_2004.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Webber_usgp_2004.jpg/330px-Webber_usgp_2004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Webber_usgp_2004.jpg/440px-Webber_usgp_2004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>The 2004 <a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Racing" title="Jaguar Racing">Jaguar Racing</a> <a href="/wiki/Formula_One" title="Formula One">Formula One</a> car, being driven by <a href="/wiki/Mark_Webber_(racing_driver)" title="Mark Webber (racing driver)">Mark Webber</a></figcaption></figure> Having sponsored the <a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Racing" title="Jaguar Racing">Jaguar Racing</a> <a href="/wiki/Formula_One" title="Formula One">Formula One</a> team since the days of <a href="/wiki/Stewart_Grand_Prix" title="Stewart Grand Prix">Stewart Grand Prix</a>, HSBC ended its relationship with motorsport after seven years when <a href="/wiki/Red_Bull" title="Red Bull">Red Bull</a> purchased Jaguar Racing from <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford</a>.<a href="#cite_note-288">[288]</a> In the mid-2000s, HSBC switched its focus to golf, taking title sponsorship of several events such as the <a href="/wiki/HSBC_World_Match_Play_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="HSBC World Match Play Championship">HSBC World Match Play Championship</a>, <a href="/wiki/HSBC_Women%27s_World_Match_Play_Championship" title="HSBC Women's World Match Play Championship">HSBC Women's World Match Play Championship</a> (now defunct), <a href="/wiki/WGC-HSBC_Champions" title="WGC-HSBC Champions">WGC-HSBC Champions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abu_Dhabi_HSBC_Golf_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Dhabi HSBC Golf Championship">Abu Dhabi HSBC Golf Championship</a>, <a href="/wiki/HSBC_Women%27s_Champions" title="HSBC Women's Champions">HSBC Women's Champions</a>, HSBC Golf Business Forum and HSBC Golf Roots (a youth development programme). HSBC was named the 'Official Banking Partner' of <a href="/wiki/The_Open_Championship" title="The Open Championship">the Open Championship</a>, in a five-year deal announced in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-289">[289]</a> In October 2010, the International Rugby Board announced that they had concluded a 5-year deal with HSBC which granted them status as the first-ever title sponsor of the <a href="/wiki/World_Sevens_Series" class="mw-redirect" title="World Sevens Series">World Sevens Series</a>. Through the accord, HSBC is paying more than $100 million for the title naming rights to all the tournaments. HSBC opted to sub-license the naming rights to all but one of the individual tournaments while retaining its name sponsorship of the overall series and the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Sevens" title="Hong Kong Sevens">Hong Kong Sevens</a>.<a href="#cite_note-290">[290]</a> The company also sponsors the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Rugby_Union" title="Hong Kong Rugby Union">Hong Kong Rugby Union</a> and the <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales_Waratahs" title="New South Wales Waratahs">New South Wales Waratahs</a> team in <a href="/wiki/Super_Rugby" title="Super Rugby">Super Rugby</a>. It sponsored <a href="/wiki/British_%26_Irish_Lions" title="British & Irish Lions">British & Irish Lions</a> during their <a href="/wiki/2009_British_%26_Irish_Lions_tour_to_South_Africa" title="2009 British & Irish Lions tour to South Africa">2009 tour to South Africa</a> and <a href="/wiki/2013_British_%26_Irish_Lions_tour_to_Australia" title="2013 British & Irish Lions tour to Australia">2013 tour to Australia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-291">[291]</a> HSBC is the official banking partner of the <a href="/wiki/Wimbledon_Championships" title="Wimbledon Championships">Wimbledon Championships</a> tennis tournament, providing banking facilities on site and renaming the junior event as the HSBC Road to Wimbledon National 14 and Under Challenge.<a href="#cite_note-292">[292]</a> HSBC's other sponsorships are mainly in the area of education, health and the environment. In November 2006, HSBC announced a $5 million partnership with <a href="/wiki/SOS_Children%27s_Villages_UK" title="SOS Children's Villages UK">SOS Children</a> as part of Future First.<a href="#cite_note-293">[293]</a> In 2022, it was announced that <a href="/wiki/Zhou_Guanyu" title="Zhou Guanyu">Zhou Guanyu</a>, the first Chinese F1 driver in history who made his debut a few months earlier, became an ambassador for the Chinese subsidiary of HSBC.<a href="#cite_note-294">[294]</a> From 1999 until 2011, HSBC's American division was the venue sponsor for the <a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Sabres" title="Buffalo Sabres">Buffalo Sabres</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">National Hockey League</a> (NHL), known as the HSBC Arena, which was renamed to FirstNiagara Center in 2011 after its divesture of its upstate New York bank branches to Buffalo-based <a href="/wiki/First_Niagara_Bank" title="First Niagara Bank">First Niagara Bank</a> before becoming <a href="/wiki/KeyBank_Center" title="KeyBank Center">KeyBank Center</a> in 2016 following KeyBank's merger with First Niagara.<a href="#cite_note-295">[295]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ownership">Ownership</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HSBC&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Ownership">edit</a>]</div> Around 44% of HSBC shares are held by the general public and around 56% are held by institutions. The largest shareholders in early 2024 were:<a href="#cite_note-296">[296]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BlackRock" title="BlackRock">BlackRock</a> (8.9%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ping_An_Insurance" title="Ping An Insurance">Ping An Asset Management</a> (8.82%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Vanguard_Group" title="The Vanguard Group">The Vanguard Group</a> (4.75%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norges_Bank" title="Norges Bank">Norges Bank</a> (2.87%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_%26_General" title="Legal & General">Legal & General</a> (1.89%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Street_Global_Advisors" title="State Street Global Advisors">State Street Global Advisors</a> (1.66%)</li> <li>HSBC Asset Management (1.12%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UBS" title="UBS">UBS Asset Management AG</a> (1.05%)</li> <li>HSBC Holdings General Employee Benefit Trust (0.9%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schroder_Investment_Management" class="mw-redirect" title="Schroder Investment Management">Schroder Investment Management</a> (0.71%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Trust_Global_Investments" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Trust Global Investments">Northern Trust Global Investments</a> (0.68%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aviva_Investors" title="Aviva Investors">Aviva Investors</a> (0.64%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_London_Asset_Management" title="Royal London Asset Management">Royal London Asset Management</a> (0.61%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amundi" title="Amundi">Amundi</a> (0.54%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abrdn_Plc" class="mw-redirect" title="Abrdn Plc">Abrdn Plc</a> (0.53%)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leadership">Leadership</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HSBC&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Leadership">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Group Chairman: <a href="/wiki/Mark_Tucker_(business)" title="Mark Tucker (business)">Sir Mark Tucker</a> (October 2017 to present)<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-297">[297]</a></li> <li>Group Chief Executive: <a href="/wiki/Georges_Elhedery" title="Georges Elhedery">Georges Elhedery</a> (September 2024 to present)<a href="#cite_note-298">[298]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="List_of_former_group_chairmen">List of former group chairmen</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HSBC&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: List of former group chairmen">edit</a>]</div> The position of Group Chairman was formed in 1991; the preceding position, Chairman of <a href="/wiki/HSBC_(Hong_Kong)" title="HSBC (Hong Kong)">The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation</a>, has remained a separate position.<a href="#cite_note-:3-299">[299]</a> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/William_Purves_(banker)" title="William Purves (banker)">Sir William Purves</a> (1991–1998); concurrently Group Chief Executive from 1991 to 1993<a href="#cite_note-300">[300]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bond_(banker)" title="John Bond (banker)">Sir John Bond</a> (1998–2006)<a href="#cite_note-301">[301]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Green,_Baron_Green_of_Hurstpierpoint" title="Stephen Green, Baron Green of Hurstpierpoint">The Lord Green</a> (2006–2010)<a href="#cite_note-green-302">[302]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Flint" title="Douglas Flint">Sir Douglas Flint</a> (2010–2017)<a href="#cite_note-303">[303]</a></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="List_of_former_group_chief_executives">List of former group chief executives</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HSBC&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: List of former group chief executives">edit</a>]</div> The position of Group Chief Executive was formed in 1991; the preceding position, chief executive of The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, has remained a separate position.<a href="#cite_note-:3-299">[299]</a> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/William_Purves_(banker)" title="William Purves (banker)">William Purves</a> (1991–1993)<a href="#cite_note-304">[304]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bond_(banker)" title="John Bond (banker)">John Bond</a> (1993–1998)<a href="#cite_note-305">[305]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Whitson" title="Keith Whitson">Keith Whitson</a> (1998–2003)<a href="#cite_note-306">[306]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Green,_Baron_Green_of_Hurstpierpoint" title="Stephen Green, Baron Green of Hurstpierpoint">Stephen Green</a> (2003–2006)<a href="#cite_note-green-302">[302]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Geoghegan" title="Michael Geoghegan">Michael Geoghegan</a> (2007–2010)<a href="#cite_note-307">[307]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Gulliver" title="Stuart Gulliver">Stuart Gulliver</a> (2011–2018)<a href="#cite_note-308">[308]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Flint_(businessman)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Flint (businessman)">John Flint</a> (2018–2019)<a href="#cite_note-309">[309]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noel_Quinn" title="Noel Quinn">Noel Quinn</a> (2020–2024)<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-297">[297]</a><a href="#cite_note-310">[310]</a></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HSBC&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/All-currency-symbol.svg/19px-All-currency-symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/All-currency-symbol.svg/29px-All-currency-symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/All-currency-symbol.svg/38px-All-currency-symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="54" data-file-height="54" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Banks" title="Portal:Banks">Banks</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster,_London_-_May_2007_icon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png/11px-Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png/17px-Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png/22px-Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="427" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:London" title="Portal:London">London</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/19px-Industry5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/29px-Industry5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/38px-Industry5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Companies" title="Portal:Companies">Companies</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_lions" title="HSBC lions">HSBC lions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of banks in the United Kingdom">List of banks in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_buildings_and_structures_in_Hong_Kong" title="List of buildings and structures in Hong Kong">List of buildings and structures in Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_investors_in_Bernard_L._Madoff_Investment_Securities" title="List of investors in Bernard L. Madoff Investment Securities">List of investors in Bernard L. 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Pares, Susan. A Political And Economic Dictionary of East Asia. UK Routledge Publishing (London), 2005. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85743-258-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85743-258-9">978-1-85743-258-9</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.about.hsbc.co.jp/hsbc-in-japan">"About HSBC (HSBC in Japan)"</a>. The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited of Hong Kong, Japan Branch (Tokyo). 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Retrieved 1 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shanghai+Stock+Exchange+Project&rft.pub=Yale+School+of+Management&rft.date=2013-07-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsom.yale.edu%2Ffaculty-research%2Four-centers-initiatives%2Finternational-center-finance%2Fdata%2Fhistorical-financial-research-data%2Fshanghai-stock-exchange-project&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHSBC" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://claxity.com/hongkong-and-shanghai-banking-co/">"Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Co"</a>. Claxity. 15 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Claxity&rft.atitle=Hongkong+and+Shanghai+Banking+Co.&rft.date=2021-02-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fclaxity.com%2Fhongkong-and-shanghai-banking-co%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHSBC" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHoresh2009" class="citation book cs1">Horesh, Niv (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/587626534">Shanghai's Bund and beyond : British banks, banknote Issuance, and monetary policy in China, 1842-1937</a>. New Haven: Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-14362-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-14362-1"><bdi>978-0-300-14362-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/587626534">587626534</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shanghai%27s+Bund+and+beyond+%3A+British+banks%2C+banknote+Issuance%2C+and+monetary+policy+in+China%2C+1842-1937&rft.place=New+Haven&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F587626534&rft.isbn=978-0-300-14362-1&rft.aulast=Horesh&rft.aufirst=Niv&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F587626534&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHSBC" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCollis1965" class="citation book cs1">Collis, Maurice (1965). Wayfoong: The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation. London: Faber and Faber. p. 251. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/2865302">2865302</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wayfoong%3A+The+Hongkong+and+Shanghai+Banking+Corporation&rft.place=London&rft.pages=251&rft.pub=Faber+and+Faber&rft.date=1965&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F2865302&rft.aulast=Collis&rft.aufirst=Maurice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHSBC" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2014/02/13/macdonald-house-attack-still-strikes-home-spore.html">"MacDonald House attack still strikes home in S'pore"</a>. The Jakarta Post.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jakarta+Post&rft.atitle=MacDonald+House+attack+still+strikes+home+in+S%27pore&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejakartapost.com%2Fnews%2F2014%2F02%2F13%2Fmacdonald-house-attack-still-strikes-home-spore.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHSBC" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBen_Laurance_and_Michael_Gillard2012" class="citation web cs1">Ben Laurance and Michael Gillard (13 April 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/hsbc-loses-ps22-6m-on-hq-sale-6963282.html">"HSBC loses £22.6m on HQ sale"</a>. Evening Standard.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Evening+Standard&rft.atitle=HSBC+loses+%C2%A322.6m+on+HQ+sale&rft.date=2012-04-13&rft.au=Ben+Laurance+and+Michael+Gillard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.standard.co.uk%2Fhp%2Ffront%2Fhsbc-loses-ps22-6m-on-hq-sale-6963282.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHSBC" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.gov.hk/blis_pdf.nsf/CurAllEngDoc/D8C2D918B6855482482575EE0036EC7E/$FILE/CAP_70_e_b5.pdf">"The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited Ordinance (Number 6 of 1929) (Chapter 70, 1950)), amended by L.N. 333 of 1989"</a> (PDF). 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January 1956 and received on the 1st. January 1959 (as amended by Special Resolutions passed on the 20th. July 1981 and on the 18th. December 1990), Re-registration of Memorandum and Articles, dated the 24. December 1990, and stamped by Companies House on the 21st. December 1998, page 1, note 1"</a>. HSBC Holdings PLC (reproduced and digitalised by Companies House). Retrieved 21 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Memorandum+of+Association+of+HSBC+Holdings+PLC+dated+the+18th.+January+1956+and+received+on+the+1st.+January+1959+%28as+amended+by+Special+Resolutions+passed+on+the+20th.+July+1981+and+on+the+18th.+December+1990%29%2C+Re-registration+of+Memorandum+and+Articles%2C+dated+the+24.+December+1990%2C+and+stamped+by+Companies+House+on+the+21st.+December+1998%2C+page+1%2C+note+1&rft.pub=HSBC+Holdings+PLC+%28reproduced+and+digitalised+by+Companies+House%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fs3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com%2Fdocument-api-images-prod%2Fdocs%2FgvHb4DeBPyq_iHzb5lbTglud6aN_4aZV2pmZ_TifGaY%2Fapplication-pdf%3FAWSAccessKeyId%3DASIAIMEGSGYVHXMEEJTQ%26Expires%3D1434936728%26Signature%3DofveDkn7iBiuhsNwIJVrgOVy6HU%253D%26x-amz-security-token%3DAQoDYXdzEJn%252F%252F%252F%252F%252F%252F%252F%252F%252F%252FwEa0APp9I6Xrb12gkHCCrtrtYXkVSFOt5N%252FZwdsgoS%252F6uNxVvbAWz143kGwHMth4qPYupx5lnWmlnGM6yn%252BScZawtTDrIKnMPvWol6PpoIVh93GhmKQgqAPiD2Y7DrtvDH4RcxlwC3N8Bl0Y4VrUU0BPGBWqwyxwpm%252FB3GvHh2I1ze%252F2b5pKy43mGT2J4H2OoZ1A21AI3Jh8SFP7hdFOhcRdM4nuLe%252FUj3arTJlxxe5n5M8i1GwZ7OcfWqG52Xgf0CUI3iYtlkW2N957NMueqyhWmsTPseCzxAaxznFk72GlznDmIb39wbEnM%252F%252F4w%252FIzj8WaJEPgSZnWR3AUTu6B3WoYkcwM8U558XIIxjSzwOZwrGtX0tbbXRN1X8G%252Fc2reUJPLG8mHQANnchvqEsyVUkA2eq%252Fnx5raKDUu9fDMMdUBw%252F10EFLN%252Flkfg9tnTU%252B64L95XA2l2o0Kf6s1l91PzKPbmGbURHB4MXWgXj2jm5neJZf9ncY%252FGon4W2jWYWgkbRfo7PNZE%252BnitOKxgGDpXZHatS7aQF8Pypvtn8K5nrQDxJiC58TYg2yChoO0uU0hBtSbbm%252FSEBDZWsK4fQfXrGjZ64HCe3EWvvqMWmw3yuGOUNIDiCUm52sBQ%253D%253D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHSBC" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://qz.com/616791/hong-kong-has-probably-lost-hsbcs-headquarters-for-good-and-beijing-is-to-blame/">"Hong Kong has probably lost HSBC's headquarters for good—and Beijing is to blame"</a>. 15 February 2016. Retrieved 14 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hong+Kong+has+probably+lost+HSBC%27s+headquarters+for+good%E2%80%94and+Beijing+is+to+blame&rft.date=2016-02-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fqz.com%2F616791%2Fhong-kong-has-probably-lost-hsbcs-headquarters-for-good-and-beijing-is-to-blame%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHSBC" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9504E6D9143AF93BA15750C0A961958260">"HSBC Buys Bamerindus, Brazil Bank, For Billion"</a>. 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The New York Times. 11 May 1999.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Bank+Group+to+Buy+Republic+New+York&rft.date=1999-05-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D9A06EFDC153FF932A25756C0A96F958260&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHSBC" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGarfield2000" class="citation news cs1">Garfield, Andrew (3 April 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091031061852/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/hsbc-leads-the-way-into-euro-zone-with-pound66bn-french-bank-takeover-719601.html">"HSBC leads the way into euro zone with £6.6bn French bank takeover"</a>. The Independent. London. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/hsbc-leads-the-way-into-euro-zone-with-pound66bn-french-bank-takeover-719601.html">the original</a> on 31 October 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=HSBC+leads+the+way+into+euro+zone+with+%C2%A36.6bn+French+bank+takeover&rft.date=2000-04-03&rft.aulast=Garfield&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fbusiness%2Fnews%2Fhsbc-leads-the-way-into-euro-zone-with-pound66bn-french-bank-takeover-719601.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHSBC" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/1449170.stm">"HSBC buys insolvent Turkish bank"</a>. BBC News. 20 July 2001.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=HSBC+buys+insolvent+Turkish+bank&rft.date=2001-07-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fbusiness%2F1449170.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHSBC" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/2207891.stm">"HSBC buys Mexico's biggest retail bank"</a>. 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Retrieved 7 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Business+%26%23124%3B+Timeline%3A+Sub-prime+losses&rft.pub=BBC+News&rft.date=2008-05-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fbusiness%2F7096845.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHSBC" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> Jon Menon '<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aGiiBHDGHLHY">HSBC to Raise $17.7 Billion as Subprime Cuts Profit</a>', <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_L.P." title="Bloomberg L.P.">Bloomberg L.P.</a>, 2 March 2009 </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSeib2008" class="citation news cs1">Seib, Christine (10 October 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.com/article/hsbc-quick-to-comply-with-refinancing-demands-2jzkw65h72q">"HSBC quick to comply with refinancing demands"</a>. The Times. London.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=HSBC+quick+to+comply+with+refinancing+demands&rft.date=2008-10-10&rft.aulast=Seib&rft.aufirst=Christine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.com%2Farticle%2Fhsbc-quick-to-comply-with-refinancing-demands-2jzkw65h72q&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHSBC" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thesunnews.com/business/story/804943.html">HSBC bank closes its operations in the U.S.</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-bloom1-60">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bloom1_60-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bloom1_60-1">b</a> Jon Menon, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=ajBfkUKrgsZY">HSBC Rues Household Deal, Halts U.S. Subprime Lending</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_L.P." title="Bloomberg L.P.">Bloomberg L.P.</a> 2 March 2009. </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> Neil Hume, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ftalphaville.ft.com/blog/2009/03/02/53079/quote-du-jour-stephen-green/">Quote du jour – Stephen Green</a>, <a href="/wiki/FT_Alphaville" title="FT Alphaville">FT Alphaville</a>, 2 March 2009: "HSBC has a reputation for telling it as it is. With the benefit of hindsight, this is an acquisition we wish we had not undertaken." </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thesunnews.com/business/story/804943.html">HSBC bank closes its operations in the U.S.</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> Benjamin Scent <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=1&art_id=79062&sid=22962897&con_type=1">HSBC seeking to build `war chest'</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Standard_(Hong_Kong)" title="The Standard (Hong Kong)">The Standard</a>, 4 March 2009. </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> Benjamin Scent '<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=30&art_id=79303&sid=23037200&con_type=3">Plunge probe</a>' <a href="/wiki/The_Standard_(Hong_Kong)" title="The Standard (Hong Kong)">The Standard</a>, 10 March 2009. </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-hsbc-russia-idUKTRE73O11P20110425">"HSBC to close retail banking business in Russia"</a>. 25 April 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=HSBC+to+close+retail+banking+business+in+Russia&rft.date=2011-04-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fuk-hsbc-russia-idUKTRE73O11P20110425&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHSBC" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120526155915/http://www.hsbc.com/1/content/assets/investor_relations/strategy_day/2011/110511_strategy_day_overview_transcript.pdf">"Strategy Day"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hsbc.com/1/content/assets/investor_relations/strategy_day/2011/110511_strategy_day_overview_transcript.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 26 May 2012. Retrieved 21 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Strategy+Day&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hsbc.com%2F1%2Fcontent%2Fassets%2Finvestor_relations%2Fstrategy_day%2F2011%2F110511_strategy_day_overview_transcript.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHSBC" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilsonFarrellAldrick2010" class="citation news cs1">Wilson, Harry; Farrell, Sean; Aldrick, Philip (22 September 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/banksandfinance/8019235/HSBC-investors-against-Michael-Geoghegan-becoming-chairman.html">"HSBC investors against Michael Geoghegan becoming chairman"</a>. The Daily Telegraph. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/banksandfinance/8019235/HSBC-investors-against-Michael-Geoghegan-becoming-chairman.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=HSBC+investors+against+Michael+Geoghegan+becoming+chairman&rft.date=2010-09-22&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Harry&rft.au=Farrell%2C+Sean&rft.au=Aldrick%2C+Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Ffinance%2Fnewsbysector%2Fbanksandfinance%2F8019235%2FHSBC-investors-against-Michael-Geoghegan-becoming-chairman.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHSBC" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131204195626/http://www.news.com.au/business/hsbc-chief-michael-geoghegan-to-quit-after-failing-to-get-top-job/story-e6frfm1i-1225928665163">"HSBC chief Michael Geoghegan 'to quit' after failing to get top job"</a>. 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Retrieved 28 May 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NewsCore&rft.atitle=HSBC+chief+Michael+Geoghegan+%27to+quit%27+after+failing+to+get+top+job&rft.date=2010-09-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.com.au%2Fbusiness%2Fhsbc-chief-michael-geoghegan-to-quit-after-failing-to-get-top-job%2Fstory-e6frfm1i-1225928665163&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHSBC" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilson2010" class="citation news cs1">Wilson, Harry (23 September 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/banksandfinance/8021673/Douglas-Flint-to-be-HSBC-chairman-Michael-Geoghegan-to-leave-in-radical-reshuffle.html">"Douglas Flint to be HSBC chairman, Michael Geoghegan to leave in radical reshuffle"</a>. The Daily Telegraph. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/banksandfinance/8021673/Douglas-Flint-to-be-HSBC-chairman-Michael-Geoghegan-to-leave-in-radical-reshuffle.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Douglas+Flint+to+be+HSBC+chairman%2C+Michael+Geoghegan+to+leave+in+radical+reshuffle&rft.date=2010-09-23&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Harry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Ffinance%2Fnewsbysector%2Fbanksandfinance%2F8021673%2FDouglas-Flint-to-be-HSBC-chairman-Michael-Geoghegan-to-leave-in-radical-reshuffle.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHSBC" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.euromoney.com/Article/2676783/Great-HSBC-reshuffle.html">"Great HSBC reshuffle"</a>. 23 September 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Great+HSBC+reshuffle&rft.date=2010-09-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.euromoney.com%2FArticle%2F2676783%2FGreat-HSBC-reshuffle.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHSBC" class="Z3988">Euromoney </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120328095901/http://story.sierraleonetimes.com/index.php/ct/9/cid/3a8a80d6f705f8cc/id/819237/cs/1/ht/HSBC">"HSBC significantly cutting staff and operations to save money"</a>. 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Retrieved 21 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HSBC+significantly+cutting+staff+and+operations+to+save+money&rft.pub=Story.sierraleonetimes.com&rft.date=2011-08-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstory.sierraleonetimes.com%2Findex.php%2Fct%2F9%2Fcid%2F3a8a80d6f705f8cc%2Fid%2F819237%2Fcs%2F1%2Fht%2FHSBC%2520significantly%2520cutting%2520staff%2520and%2520operations%2520to%2520save%2520money%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHSBC" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-hsbc/hsbc-sheds-30000-jobs-posts-surprise-profit-rise-idUSTRE7701HH20110801">"HSBC sheds 30,000 jobs, posts surprise profit rise"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessweek.com/news/2011-08-01/hsbc-to-sell-195-branches-to-first-niagara-for-1-billion.html">the original</a> on 2 November 2012. Retrieved 21 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HSBC+to+Sell+195+Branches+to+First+Niagara+for+%241+Billion&rft.pub=Businessweek&rft.date=2011-08-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessweek.com%2Fnews%2F2011-08-01%2Fhsbc-to-sell-195-branches-to-first-niagara-for-1-billion.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHSBC" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/g/a/2011/08/09/bloomberg1376-LPP3AG6JTSE901-4OVIGDLCAAK4H5OLO3B09ACAL9.DTL">Capital One to Buy HSBC Card Unit for $2.6 Billion Premium</a> HSBC provided a credit line used by Best Buy to lend consumers credit on purchases.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/g/a/2011/08/10/bloomberg1376-LPP3AG6JTSE901-1GG6MR0VTKVI7LOVDL4C30NRLE.DTL">"HSBC to Reap $2.4 Billion Gain From Sale of U.S. Card Division"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HSBC+to+Reap+%242.4+Billion+Gain+From+Sale+of+U.S.+Card+Division&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Farticle.cgi%3Ff%3D%2Fg%2Fa%2F2011%2F08%2F10%2Fbloomberg1376-LPP3AG6JTSE901-1GG6MR0VTKVI7LOVDL4C30NRLE.DTL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHSBC" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.insuranceage.co.uk/insurance-age/news/2108702/hsbc-insurance-sell">"HSBC in insurance sell-off"</a>. 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HSBC Bank Bangladesh - Islamic Banking. HSBC Bank Bangladesh, a wholly owned subsidiary of HSBC Group. Retrieved 1 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HSBC+Bank+Bangladesh+-+Islamic+Banking&rft.atitle=HSBC+Group+has+taken+the+decision+to+restructure+its+global+Islamic+banking+business+and+will+no+longer+offer+Shari%27ah+compliant+products+and+services&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hsbc.com.bd%2F1%2F2%2Fhsbc-amanah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHSBC" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hsbc.com.bd/1/2/amanah-retail-banking-faq">"HSBC Group has announced that it will focus its Islamic Finance offering on customers in Malaysia and Saudi Arabia"</a>. 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Retrieved 7 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Breakingviews+-+Gulliver+exits+HSBC+with+nearly+full+scorecard&rft.date=2018-02-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-hsbc-results-breakingviews-idUSKCN1G41AG&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHSBC" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-309"><a href="#cite_ref-309">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/business/2019/aug/05/hsbc-boss-john-flint-resigns-by-mutual-agreement">"HSBC boss John Flint resigns 'by mutual agreement'"</a>. The Guardian. 5 August 2019. Retrieved 7 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=HSBC+boss+John+Flint+resigns+%27by+mutual+agreement%27&rft.date=2019-08-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbusiness%2F2019%2Faug%2F05%2Fhsbc-boss-john-flint-resigns-by-mutual-agreement&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHSBC" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-310"><a href="#cite_ref-310">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPatrick2020" class="citation news cs1">Patrick, Simon Clark and Margot (17 March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/hsbc-appoints-noel-quinn-as-permanent-ceo-11584469873">"HSBC Appoints Noel Quinn as Permanent CEO"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0099-9660">0099-9660</a>. Retrieved 22 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=HSBC+Appoints+Noel+Quinn+as+Permanent+CEO&rft.date=2020-03-17&rft.issn=0099-9660&rft.aulast=Patrick&rft.aufirst=Simon+Clark+and+Margot&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fhsbc-appoints-noel-quinn-as-permanent-ceo-11584469873&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHSBC" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HSBC&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:HSBC" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:HSBC">HSBC</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hsbc.com/">Official website</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190464#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li></ul> <ul><li>Business data for HSBC Holdings plc: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist inline"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=1089113">SEC filings</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opencorporates.com/corporate_groupings/HSBC">HSBC companies</a> grouped at <a href="/wiki/OpenCorporates" title="OpenCorporates">OpenCorporates</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:HSBC" title="Template:HSBC"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:HSBC" title="Template talk:HSBC"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:HSBC" title="Special:EditPage/Template:HSBC"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="frameless&#124;21px_HSBC725" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/File:HSBC_%E6%BB%99%E8%B1%90_(logo_only).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/HSBC_%E6%BB%99%E8%B1%90_%28logo_only%29.svg/40px-HSBC_%E6%BB%99%E8%B1%90_%28logo_only%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/HSBC_%E6%BB%99%E8%B1%90_%28logo_only%29.svg/60px-HSBC_%E6%BB%99%E8%B1%90_%28logo_only%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="88" data-file-height="44" /></a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">HSBC</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#DB0011; color:#FFFFFF;width:1%">Origin</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_(Hong_Kong)" title="HSBC (Hong Kong)">The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:HSBC_logo_(2018).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="The logo of HSBC"><img alt="The logo of HSBC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/HSBC_logo_%282018%29.svg/250px-HSBC_logo_%282018%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/HSBC_logo_%282018%29.svg/330px-HSBC_logo_%282018%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="138" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#DB0011; color:#FFFFFF;width:1%">Board of directors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_L._Casey" title="Kathleen L. Casey">Kathleen Casey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Cha" title="Laura Cha">Laura Cha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Castries" title="Henri de Castries">Henri de Castries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Evans,_Baron_Evans_of_Weardale" title="Jonathan Evans, Baron Evans of Weardale">Jonathan Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Nish_(businessman)" title="David Nish (businessman)">David Nish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noel_Quinn" title="Noel Quinn">Noel Quinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Tucker_(business)" title="Mark Tucker (business)">Mark Tucker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#DB0011; color:#FFFFFF;width:1%">Brands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Expat" title="HSBC Expat">HSBC Expat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_InvestDirect" title="HSBC InvestDirect">HSBC InvestDirect</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#HSBC_Premier">HSBC Premier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Private_Bank" title="HSBC Private Bank">HSBC Private Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PayMe" title="PayMe">PayMe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_Argentina#Proa" title="HSBC Bank Argentina">Proa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#DB0011; color:#FFFFFF;width:1%">Principal local banks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_Australia" title="HSBC Bank Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_(Hong_Kong)#Bangladesh" title="HSBC (Hong Kong)">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_Bermuda" title="HSBC Bank Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="HSBC Bank Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_(Chile)" title="HSBC Bank (Chile)">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_(China)" title="HSBC Bank (China)">Mainland China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_Egypt" title="HSBC Bank Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Continental_Europe" title="HSBC Continental Europe">Continental Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Trinkaus" title="HSBC Trinkaus">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_(Hong_Kong)" title="HSBC (Hong Kong)">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_India" title="HSBC Bank India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_(Hong_Kong)#Indonesia" title="HSBC (Hong Kong)">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_(Hong_Kong)#New_Zealand" title="HSBC (Hong Kong)">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_Malaysia" title="HSBC Bank Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_Malta" title="HSBC Bank Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_Middle_East" title="HSBC Bank Middle East">Middle East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="HSBC Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Private_Bank_(Monaco)" title="HSBC Private Bank (Monaco)">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_(Hong_Kong)#Philippines" title="HSBC (Hong Kong)">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_Polska" title="HSBC Bank Polska">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SABB_(Saudi_bank)" class="mw-redirect" title="SABB (Saudi bank)">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_(Hong_Kong)#Singapore" title="HSBC (Hong Kong)">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_(Hong_Kong)#South_Korea" title="HSBC (Hong Kong)">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Sri_Lanka" title="HSBC Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_(Hong_Kong)#Japan" title="HSBC (Hong Kong)">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_(Taiwan)" title="HSBC Bank (Taiwan)">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_(Hong_Kong)#Thailand" title="HSBC (Hong Kong)">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_(Turkey)" title="HSBC Bank (Turkey)">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_(Europe)" class="mw-redirect" title="HSBC Bank (Europe)">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_USA" title="HSBC Bank USA">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#DB0011; color:#FFFFFF;width:1%">Subsidiary banks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Direct" title="First Direct">First Direct (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hang_Seng_Bank" title="Hang Seng Bank">Hang Seng Bank (Hong Kong)</a> (63.04%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%26S_Bank" title="M&S Bank">M&S Bank (UK)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#DB0011; color:#FFFFFF;width:1%">Minority stakes and JVs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Communications" title="Bank of Communications">Bank of Communications</a> (19%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canara_HSBC_Life_Insurance" title="Canara HSBC Life Insurance">Canara HSBC Life Insurance</a> (26%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Saudi_Arabia" title="HSBC Saudi Arabia">HSBC Saudi Arabia</a> (60%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SABB_(Saudi_bank)" class="mw-redirect" title="SABB (Saudi bank)">SABB</a> (40%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Techcombank" title="Techcombank">Techcombank</a> (15%)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#DB0011; color:#FFFFFF;width:1%">Predecessor companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_British_Columbia" title="Bank of British Columbia">Bank of British Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barclays_Bank_Canada" title="Barclays Bank Canada">Barclays Bank Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beneficial_Corporation" title="Beneficial Corporation">Beneficial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Bank_of_Canada" title="Continental Bank of Canada">Continental Bank of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A9dit_Commercial_de_France" title="Crédit Commercial de France">Crédit Commercial de France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Savings_Bank" title="Greenwich Savings Bank">Greenwich Savings Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grupo_Banistmo" title="Grupo Banistmo">Grupo Banistmo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Guyerzeller_Bank" title="HSBC Guyerzeller Bank">Guyerzeller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Finance" title="HSBC Finance">Household</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Bank_of_Persia" title="Imperial Bank of Persia">Imperial Bank of Persia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyds_Bank_Canada" title="Lloyds Bank Canada">Lloyds Bank Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Midland_Bank" title="Marine Midland Bank">Marine Midland Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midland_Bank" title="Midland Bank">Midland Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_New_York" title="Republic New York">Republic New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Montagu_%26_Co." title="Samuel Montagu & Co.">Samuel Montagu & Co.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williamsburgh_Savings_Bank" title="Williamsburgh Savings Bank">Williamsburgh Savings Bank</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#DB0011; color:#FFFFFF;width:1%">Former local banks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_Argentina" title="HSBC Bank Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_Armenia" title="HSBC Bank Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_Canada" title="HSBC Bank Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_Costa_Rica" title="HSBC Bank Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_Georgia" title="HSBC Bank Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_Greece" title="HSBC Bank Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_Panama" title="HSBC Bank Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_(Russia)" title="HSBC Bank (Russia)">Russia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#DB0011; color:#FFFFFF;width:1%">Former subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charterhouse_Capital_Partners" title="Charterhouse Capital Partners">Charterhouse Capital Partners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eversholt_Rail_Group" title="Eversholt Rail Group">HSBC Rail</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#DB0011; color:#FFFFFF;width:1%">Scandals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libor_scandal" title="Libor scandal">Libor scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Leaks" title="Swiss Leaks">Swiss Leaks</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Controversies">more</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#DB0011; color:#FFFFFF"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:HSBC" title="Category:HSBC">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/HSBC" class="extiw" title="commons:HSBC">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles92" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Links_to_related_articles92" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Links to related 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#eee;"><a href="/wiki/Bulge_bracket" title="Bulge bracket">Bulge bracket</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barclays" title="Barclays">Barclays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_America" title="Bank of America">Bank of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citigroup" title="Citigroup">Citigroup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bank" title="Deutsche Bank">Deutsche Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPMorgan_Chase" title="JPMorgan Chase">JPMorgan Chase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UBS" title="UBS">UBS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banco_Bradesco" title="Banco Bradesco">Bradesco BBI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMO_Capital_Markets" title="BMO Capital Markets">BMO Capital Markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIBC_World_Markets" class="mw-redirect" title="CIBC World Markets">CIBC World Markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ita%C3%BA_Unibanco" title="Itaú Unibanco">Itaú BBA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_Canada" title="National Bank of Canada">National Bank Financial Markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RBC_Capital_Markets" title="RBC Capital Markets">RBC Capital Markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotiabank" title="Scotiabank">Scotiabank GBM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TD_Securities" title="TD Securities">TD Securities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TD_Cowen" title="TD Cowen">TD Cowen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wells_Fargo" title="Wells Fargo">Wells Fargo Securities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Europe,_the_Middle_East_and_Africa" title="Europe, the Middle East and Africa">EMEA</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banca_Akros" title="Banca Akros">Banca Akros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banca_IMI" title="Banca IMI">Banca IMI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BNP_Paribas_CIB" title="BNP Paribas CIB">BNP Paribas CIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A9dit_Agricole_Corporate_and_Investment_Bank" title="Crédit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank">Crédit Agricole CIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Credit_Suisse" title="Credit Suisse">Credit Suisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danske_Bank" title="Danske Bank">Danske Bank LC&I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Abu_Dhabi_Bank" title="First Abu Dhabi Bank">First Abu Dhabi Bank CIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handelsbanken" title="Handelsbanken">Handelsbanken Capital Markets</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">HSBC GBM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ING_Group" title="ING Group">ING WB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0%C5%9F_Yat%C4%B1r%C4%B1m" title="İş Yatırım">İş Yatırım</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyds_Bank_Corporate_Markets" title="Lloyds Bank Corporate Markets">Lloyds Bank Corporate Markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natixis" class="mw-redirect" title="Natixis">Natixis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NatWest_Markets" title="NatWest Markets">NatWest Markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordea" title="Nordea">Nordea CI&IB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banco_Santander" title="Banco Santander">Santander CIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sberbank_CIB" title="Sberbank CIB">Sberbank CIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SEB_Group" title="SEB Group">SEB LC&FI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_G%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale" title="Société Générale">Société Générale CIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chartered" title="Standard Chartered">Standard Chartered CCIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UniCredit" title="UniCredit">UniCredit CIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VTB_Capital" title="VTB Capital">VTB Capital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Asia%E2%80%93Pacific" title="Asia–Pacific">APAC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BOC_International" title="BOC International">BOC International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CITIC_Securities" title="CITIC Securities">CITIC Securities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CLSA" title="CLSA">CLSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSC_Financial" title="CSC Financial">CSC Financial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_UFJ_Securities" title="Mitsubishi UFJ Securities">Mitsubishi UFJ Securities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizuho_Securities" title="Mizuho Securities">Mizuho Securities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NH_Investment_%26_Securities" title="NH Investment & Securities">NH Investment & Securities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SBI_Capital_Markets" title="SBI Capital Markets">SBI Capital Markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SMBC_Nikko_Securities" title="SMBC Nikko Securities">SMBC Nikko Securities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UOB-Kay_Hian" title="UOB-Kay Hian">UOB-Kay Hian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Independents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Bulge bracket</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goldman_Sachs" title="Goldman Sachs">Goldman Sachs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Stanley" title="Morgan Stanley">Morgan Stanley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allen_%26_Company" title="Allen & Company">Allen & Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B.C._Ziegler" title="B.C. Ziegler">B.C. Ziegler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._Riley_Financial" title="B. Riley Financial">B. Riley Financial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FBR_Capital_Markets" title="FBR Capital Markets">FBR Capital Markets</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baird_(investment_bank)" title="Baird (investment bank)">Baird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BDT_%26_MSD_Partners" title="BDT & MSD Partners">BDT & MSD Partners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_Brothers_Harriman" class="mw-redirect" title="Brown Brothers Harriman">Brown Brothers Harriman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_Gibbons_Lang_%26_Company" title="Brown Gibbons Lang & Company">Brown Gibbons Lang & Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BTG_Pactual" title="BTG Pactual">BTG Pactual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canaccord_Genuity" title="Canaccord Genuity">Canaccord Genuity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantor_Fitzgerald" title="Cantor Fitzgerald">Cantor Fitzgerald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centerview_Partners" title="Centerview Partners">Centerview Partners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drexel_Hamilton" title="Drexel Hamilton">Drexel Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ducera_Partners" title="Ducera Partners">Ducera Partners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evercore" title="Evercore">Evercore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_Technology_Partners" title="Financial Technology Partners">Financial Technology Partners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenhill_%26_Co." title="Greenhill & Co.">Greenhill & Co.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guggenheim_Partners" title="Guggenheim Partners">Guggenheim Partners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harris_Williams_%26_Co." title="Harris Williams & Co.">Harris Williams & Co.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houlihan_Lokey" title="Houlihan Lokey">Houlihan Lokey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferies_Group" title="Jefferies Group">Jefferies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazard" title="Lazard">Lazard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leerink_Partners" title="Leerink Partners">Leerink Partners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_International" title="Lincoln International">Lincoln International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LionTree" title="LionTree">LionTree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathon_Capital" title="Marathon Capital">Marathon Capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moelis_%26_Company" title="Moelis & Company">Moelis & Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Needham_%26_Company" title="Needham & Company">Needham & Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oppenheimer_Holdings" title="Oppenheimer Holdings">Oppenheimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perella_Weinberg_Partners" title="Perella Weinberg Partners">Perella Weinberg Partners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piper_Sandler" class="mw-redirect" title="Piper Sandler">Piper Sandler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PJT_Partners" title="PJT Partners">PJT Partners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatalyst_Partners" title="Qatalyst Partners">Qatalyst Partners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Raine_Group" title="The Raine Group">The Raine Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_James_Financial" title="Raymond James Financial">Raymond James Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roth_Capital_Partners" title="Roth Capital Partners">Roth Capital Partners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seabury_Capital" title="Seabury Capital">Seabury Capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Partners" title="Solomon Partners">Solomon Partners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephens_Inc." title="Stephens Inc.">Stephens Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stifel" title="Stifel">Stifel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keefe,_Bruyette_%26_Woods" title="Keefe, Bruyette & Woods">Keefe, Bruyette & Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miller_Buckfire_%26_Co." title="Miller Buckfire & Co.">Miller Buckfire & Co.</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_Key_Partners" title="Stone Key Partners">Stone Key Partners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedbush_Securities" title="Wedbush Securities">Wedbush Securities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Blair_%26_Company" title="William Blair & Company">William Blair & Company</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">EMEA</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arbuthnot_Latham" title="Arbuthnot Latham">Arbuthnot Latham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Alliance_Investment_Bank" title="African Alliance Investment Bank">AAIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABG_Sundal_Collier" title="ABG Sundal Collier">ABG Sundal Collier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berenberg_Bank" title="Berenberg Bank">Berenberg Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bpifrance" title="Bpifrance">Bpifrance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Investment_Bank" title="Carnegie Investment Bank">Carnegie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EFG_Hermes" class="mw-redirect" title="EFG Hermes">EFG Hermes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investec" title="Investec">Investec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Lanschot_Kempen" title="Van Lanschot Kempen">Kempen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediobanca" title="Mediobanca">Mediobanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numis" title="Numis">Numis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_Capital_(Russian_company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Renaissance Capital (Russian company)">Renaissance Capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robey_Warshaw" title="Robey Warshaw">Robey Warshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rothschild_%26_Co" title="Rothschild & Co">Rothschild & Co</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaoui_%26_Co." title="Zaoui & Co.">Zaoui & Co.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">APAC</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barrenjoey_Capital_Partners" title="Barrenjoey Capital Partners">Barrenjoey Capital Partners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Galaxy_Securities" title="China Galaxy Securities">China Galaxy Securities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_International_Capital_Corporation" title="China International Capital Corporation">China International Capital Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Renaissance" title="China Renaissance">China Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daiwa_Securities_Group" title="Daiwa Securities Group">Daiwa Securities Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everbright_Securities" title="Everbright Securities">Everbright Securities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GF_Securities" title="GF Securities">GF Securities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guosen_Securities" title="Guosen Securities">Guosen Securities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guotai_Junan_Securities" title="Guotai Junan Securities">Guotai Junan Securities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitong_Securities" title="Haitong Securities">Haitong Securities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huatai_Securities" title="Huatai Securities">Huatai Securities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JM_Financial" title="JM Financial">JM Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macquarie_Group" title="Macquarie Group">Macquarie Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirae_Asset_Securities" title="Mirae Asset Securities">Mirae Asset Securities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomura_Securities" title="Nomura Securities">Nomura Securities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orient_Securities" title="Orient Securities">Orient Securities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samsung_Securities" title="Samsung Securities">Samsung Securities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenwan_Hongyuan" title="Shenwan Hongyuan">Shenwan Hongyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerley_Capital" title="Somerley Capital">Somerley Capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongtai_Securities" title="Zhongtai Securities">Zhongtai Securities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Investment_banks" title="Category:Investment banks">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/List_of_investment_banks" title="List of investment banks">List</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Custodian_banks33" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Custodian_Bank" title="Template:Custodian Bank"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Custodian_Bank" title="Template talk:Custodian Bank"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Custodian_Bank" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Custodian Bank"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Custodian_banks33" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Custodian_bank" title="Custodian bank">Custodian banks</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Custodian Bank</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BNP_Paribas" title="BNP Paribas">BNP Paribas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BNY" title="BNY">BNY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_Brothers_Harriman" class="mw-redirect" title="Brown Brothers Harriman">Brown Brothers Harriman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citi" class="mw-redirect" title="Citi">Citi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Credit_Suisse" title="Credit Suisse">Credit Suisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bank" title="Deutsche Bank">Deutsche Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldman_Sachs" title="Goldman Sachs">Goldman Sachs</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">HSBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J.P._Morgan" class="mw-redirect" title="J.P. Morgan">J.P. Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizuho_Bank" title="Mizuho Bank">Mizuho Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MUFG" title="MUFG">MUFG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Trust" title="Northern Trust">Northern Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Bank_of_Canada" title="Royal Bank of Canada">Royal Bank of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumitomo_Mitsui_Banking_Corporation" title="Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation">SMBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_G%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale" title="Société Générale">Société Générale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chartered" title="Standard Chartered">Standard Chartered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Street_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="State Street Bank">State Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UBS" title="UBS">UBS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Hong_Kong&#124;link=Hong_Kong_Constituents_of_Hang_Seng_Index252" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hang_Seng_Index" title="Template:Hang Seng Index"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hang_Seng_Index" title="Template talk:Hang Seng Index"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hang_Seng_Index" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hang Seng Index"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Hong_Kong&#124;link=Hong_Kong_Constituents_of_Hang_Seng_Index252" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong"><img alt="Hong Kong" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/45px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Constituents of <a href="/wiki/Hang_Seng_Index" title="Hang Seng Index">Hang Seng Index</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Finance" title="Finance">Finance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">HSBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hang_Seng_Bank" title="Hang Seng Bank">Hang Seng Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Exchanges_and_Clearing" title="Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing">Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Construction_Bank" title="China Construction Bank">China Construction Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AIA_Group" title="AIA Group">AIA Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_and_Commercial_Bank_of_China" title="Industrial and Commercial Bank of China">Industrial and Commercial Bank of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ping_An_Insurance" title="Ping An Insurance">Ping An Insurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_China_(Hong_Kong)" title="Bank of China (Hong Kong)">Bank of China (Hong Kong)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Life_Insurance_Company" title="China Life Insurance Company">China Life Insurance Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Merchants_Bank" title="China Merchants Bank">China Merchants Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_China" title="Bank of China">Bank of China</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Utilities" class="mw-redirect" title="Utilities">Utilities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CLP_Group" title="CLP Group">CLP Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hong_Kong_and_China_Gas_Company" title="The Hong Kong and China Gas Company">The Hong Kong and China Gas Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Assets_Holdings" title="Power Assets Holdings">Power Assets Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Resources_Power" title="China Resources Power">China Resources Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CK_Infrastructure_Holdings" title="CK Infrastructure Holdings">CK Infrastructure Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ENN_Energy" title="ENN Energy">ENN Energy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Property" title="Property">Properties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henderson_Land_Development" title="Henderson Land Development">Henderson Land Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Hung_Kai_Properties" title="Sun Hung Kai Properties">Sun Hung Kai Properties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_World_Development" title="New World Development">New World Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hang_Lung_Properties" title="Hang Lung Properties">Hang Lung Properties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Overseas_Land_and_Investment" title="China Overseas Land and Investment">China Overseas Land and Investment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Link_REIT" title="Link REIT">Link REIT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longfor_Properties" title="Longfor Properties">Longfor Properties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Resources_Land" title="China Resources Land">China Resources Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CK_Asset_Holdings" title="CK Asset Holdings">CK Asset Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Resources_Mixc_Lifestyle" title="China Resources Mixc Lifestyle">China Resources Mixc Lifestyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wharf_Real_Estate_Investment_Company" title="Wharf Real Estate Investment Company">Wharf Real Estate Investment Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_Garden" title="Country Garden">Country Garden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Commerce" title="Commerce">Commerce</a> and <a href="/wiki/Industry_(manufacturing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Industry (manufacturing)">Industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CK_Hutchison_Holdings" title="CK Hutchison Holdings">CK Hutchison Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galaxy_Entertainment_Group" title="Galaxy Entertainment Group">Galaxy Entertainment Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTR_Corporation" title="MTR Corporation">MTR Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geely_Auto" title="Geely Auto">Geely Auto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alibaba_Health" title="Alibaba Health">Alibaba Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CITIC_Limited" title="CITIC Limited">CITIC Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WH_Group" title="WH Group">WH Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Resources_Beer" title="China Resources Beer">China Resources Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orient_Overseas_(International)_Limited" title="Orient Overseas (International) Limited">Orient Overseas (International) Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tingyi" class="mw-redirect" title="Tingyi">Tingyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinopec" title="Sinopec">Sinopec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Techtronic_Industries" title="Techtronic Industries">Techtronic Industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tencent" title="Tencent">Tencent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Unicom" title="China Unicom">China Unicom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PetroChina" title="PetroChina">PetroChina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyi_Glass" title="Xinyi Glass">Xinyi Glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongsheng_Group" title="Zhongsheng Group">Zhongsheng Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNOOC_Limited" title="CNOOC Limited">CNOOC Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Mobile" title="China Mobile">China Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyi_Solar" title="Xinyi Solar">Xinyi Solar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semiconductor_Manufacturing_International_Corporation" title="Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation">Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenovo" title="Lenovo">Lenovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengan_International" title="Hengan International">Hengan International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Shenhua_Energy" title="China Shenhua Energy">China Shenhua Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSPC_Pharmaceutical_Group" title="CSPC Pharmaceutical Group">CSPC Pharmaceutical Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinopharm_Group" title="Sinopharm Group">Sinopharm Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino_Biopharmaceutical_Limited" title="Sino Biopharmaceutical Limited">Sino Biopharmaceutical Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BYD_Company" title="BYD Company">BYD Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Hongqiao_Group" title="China Hongqiao Group">China Hongqiao Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaomi" title="Xiaomi">Xiaomi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budweiser_Brewing_Company_APAC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Budweiser Brewing Company APAC (page does not exist)">Budweiser Brewing Company APAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sands_China" title="Sands China">Sands China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chow_Tai_Fook" title="Chow Tai Fook">Chow Tai Fook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Auto" title="Li Auto">Li Auto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anta_Sports" title="Anta Sports">Anta Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WuXi_Biologics" title="WuXi Biologics">WuXi Biologics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhou_International" title="Shenzhou International">Shenzhou International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengniu_Dairy" title="Mengniu Dairy">Mengniu Dairy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li-Ning" title="Li-Ning">Li-Ning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WuXi_AppTec" title="WuXi AppTec">WuXi AppTec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunny_Optical" title="Sunny Optical">Sunny Optical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zijin_Mining" title="Zijin Mining">Zijin Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meituan" title="Meituan">Meituan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hansoh_Pharmaceutical" title="Hansoh Pharmaceutical">Hansoh Pharmaceutical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JD_Health" title="JD Health">JD Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haier" title="Haier">Haier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haidilao" title="Haidilao">Haidilao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JD.com" title="JD.com">JD.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nongfu_Spring" title="Nongfu Spring">Nongfu Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baidu" title="Baidu">Baidu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trip.com_Group" title="Trip.com Group">Trip.com Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alibaba_Group" title="Alibaba Group">Alibaba Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetEase" title="NetEase">NetEase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_Kingdom&#124;link=United_Kingdom_FTSE_100_companies_of_the_United_Kingdom_→_FTSE_250248" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:FTSE_100_Index_constituents" title="Template:FTSE 100 Index constituents"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:FTSE_100_Index_constituents" title="Template talk:FTSE 100 Index 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data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/FTSE_100_Index" title="FTSE 100 Index">FTSE 100</a> companies of the United Kingdom   → <a href="/wiki/FTSE_250_Index" title="FTSE 250 Index">FTSE 250</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3i" title="3i">3i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Admiral_Group" title="Admiral Group">Admiral Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airtel_Africa" title="Airtel Africa">Airtel Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_Witan" title="Alliance Witan">Alliance Witan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo_American_plc" title="Anglo American plc">Anglo American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antofagasta_plc" title="Antofagasta plc">Antofagasta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashtead_Group" title="Ashtead Group">Ashtead Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Associated_British_Foods" title="Associated British Foods">Associated British Foods</a></li> <li><a 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title="Centrica">Centrica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coca-Cola_HBC" title="Coca-Cola HBC">Coca-Cola HBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compass_Group" title="Compass Group">Compass Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convatec" title="Convatec">Convatec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croda_International" title="Croda International">Croda International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DCC_plc" title="DCC plc">DCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diageo" title="Diageo">Diageo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diploma_plc" title="Diploma plc">Diploma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EasyJet" title="EasyJet">EasyJet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endeavour_Mining" title="Endeavour Mining">Endeavour Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entain" title="Entain">Entain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experian" title="Experian">Experian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F_%26_C_Investment_Trust" title="F & C Investment Trust">F & C Investment Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresnillo_plc" title="Fresnillo plc">Fresnillo</a></li> <li><a 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title="Informa">Informa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermediate_Capital_Group" title="Intermediate Capital Group">Intermediate Capital Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Airlines_Group" title="International Airlines Group">International Airlines Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intertek" title="Intertek">Intertek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JD_Sports" title="JD Sports">JD Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingfisher_plc" title="Kingfisher plc">Kingfisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landsec" title="Landsec">Land Securities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_%26_General" title="Legal & General">Legal & General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyds_Banking_Group" title="Lloyds Banking Group">Lloyds Banking Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LondonMetric_Property" title="LondonMetric Property">LondonMetric Property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Stock_Exchange_Group" title="London Stock Exchange Group">London Stock Exchange Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%26G" 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href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"> 55 languages </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"> Add topic </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.eqiad.main-748fc965c8-vwdrx","wgBackendResponseTime":371,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"2.407","walltime":"2.841","ppvisitednodes":{"value":17006,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":627151,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":48392,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":22,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":16,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":1024146,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 2343.830 1 -total"," 60.21% 1411.140 1 Template:Reflist"," 28.10% 658.537 153 Template:Cite_web"," 19.03% 445.971 115 Template:Cite_news"," 10.72% 251.148 1 Template:Infobox_company"," 10.12% 237.198 1 Template:Infobox"," 5.31% 124.370 8 Template:Navbox"," 4.19% 98.103 1 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