Developing Trauma-Informed Capacities in Healthcare Students Staffing Free Clinics

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US" xml:lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title> Developing Trauma-Informed Capacities in Healthcare Students Staffing Free Clinics | Journal of Student-Run Clinics </title> <meta name="generator" content="Open Journal Systems 3.1.2.1"> <link rel="icon" href="https://journalsrc.org/public/journals/1/favicon_en_US.png"> <meta name="gs_meta_revision" content="1.1"/> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Journal of Student-Run Clinics"/> <meta name="citation_journal_abbrev" content="1"/> <meta name="citation_issn" content="2474-9354"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Phillip Yang"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="UT Health San Antonio"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Jacob Houser"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="UT Health San Antonio"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Jennifer Todd"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="UT Health San Antonio"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Kristen A Plastino"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="UT Health San Antonio"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Rachel M Pearson"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="UT Health San Antonio"/> <meta name="citation_title" content="Developing Trauma-Informed Capacities in Healthcare Students Staffing Free Clinics"/> <meta name="citation_date" content="2024/10/03"/> <meta name="citation_volume" content="10"/> <meta name="citation_issue" content="1"/> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.59586/jsrc.v10i1.444"/> <meta name="citation_abstract_html_url" content="https://journalsrc.org/index.php/jsrc/article/view/444"/> <meta name="citation_language" content="en"/> <meta name="citation_keywords" xml:lang="en" content="Adverse Childhood Experiences"/> <meta name="citation_keywords" xml:lang="en" content="Students"/> <meta name="citation_keywords" xml:lang="en" content="Vulnerable Populations"/> <meta name="citation_keywords" xml:lang="en" content="Student Run Clinic"/> <meta name="citation_keywords" xml:lang="en" content="Traumatic Stress Disorders"/> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://journalsrc.org/index.php/jsrc/article/download/444/294"/> <link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" /> <meta name="DC.Creator.PersonalName" content="Phillip Yang"/> <meta name="DC.Creator.PersonalName" content="Jacob Houser"/> <meta name="DC.Creator.PersonalName" content="Jennifer Todd"/> <meta name="DC.Creator.PersonalName" content="Kristen A Plastino"/> <meta name="DC.Creator.PersonalName" content="Rachel M Pearson"/> <meta name="DC.Date.created" scheme="ISO8601" content="2024-10-03"/> <meta name="DC.Date.dateSubmitted" scheme="ISO8601" content="2023-09-19"/> <meta name="DC.Date.issued" scheme="ISO8601" content="2024-11-21"/> <meta name="DC.Date.modified" scheme="ISO8601" content="2024-10-03"/> <meta name="DC.Description" xml:lang="en" content="Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are common traumatic events experienced during childhood that can have significant and cumulative lifelong impact on health, mental health, and life opportunities. Individuals with marginalized identities experience more ACEs and have greater ACEs-related health burden. Free clinics provide free or low-cost ambulatory care to largely underserved or marginalized communities. Student-staffed free clinic volunteers should be knowledgeable about ACEs and should possess attitudes and engage in practices that promote trauma-informed care. Methods: Two medical students were trained as ACE Interface Master Trainers and administered a training based on the ACEs N.E.A.R. Science curriculum to medical and nursing student free clinic volunteers and leaders. The 1.5-hour training included the Neurobiology and Epigenetics of trauma, health consequences associated with ACEs, and the impact of Resilience in mitigating health consequences of ACEs. Pre-/post-surveys were utilized to measure changes in collective hope, perceived trauma knowledge, and trauma-informed attitudes. Results: The training was administered virtually to one group of medical students and three groups of nursing students (N = 89) between May and October 2020. Two-sample t-tests of the pre-/post-surveys demonstrated statistically significant increases in two of the six collective hope items, six of the six perceived trauma knowledge items, and six of the seven trauma-informed attitudes items. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that healthcare students volunteering at free clinics have high baseline levels of collective hope, perceived trauma knowledge, and trauma-informed attitudes. A brief and purposeful training on ACEs by peers or near-peers can be effective to further promoting trauma-informed capacities for student-run free clinic volunteers. Future work is needed to ascertain the sustainability of trauma-informed care growth from this training and to measure the effects on care practices."/> <meta name="DC.Format" scheme="IMT" content="application/pdf"/> <meta name="DC.Identifier" content="444"/> <meta name="DC.Identifier.DOI" content="10.59586/jsrc.v10i1.444"/> <meta name="DC.Identifier.URI" content="https://journalsrc.org/index.php/jsrc/article/view/444"/> <meta name="DC.Language" scheme="ISO639-1" content="en"/> <meta name="DC.Rights" content="Copyright (c) 2024 Phillip Yang, Jacob Houser, Jennifer Todd, Kristen A Plastino, Rachel M Pearson"/> <meta name="DC.Rights" content="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"/> <meta name="DC.Source" content="Journal of Student-Run Clinics"/> <meta name="DC.Source.ISSN" content="2474-9354"/> <meta name="DC.Source.Issue" content="1"/> <meta name="DC.Source.Volume" content="10"/> <meta name="DC.Source.URI" content="https://journalsrc.org/index.php/jsrc"/> <meta name="DC.Subject" xml:lang="en" content="Adverse Childhood Experiences"/> <meta name="DC.Subject" xml:lang="en" content="Students"/> <meta name="DC.Subject" xml:lang="en" content="Vulnerable Populations"/> <meta name="DC.Subject" xml:lang="en" content="Student Run Clinic"/> <meta name="DC.Subject" xml:lang="en" content="Traumatic Stress Disorders"/> <meta name="DC.Title" content="Developing Trauma-Informed Capacities in Healthcare Students Staffing Free Clinics"/> <meta name="DC.Type" content="Text.Serial.Journal"/> <meta name="DC.Type.articleType" content="Original Study"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://journalsrc.org/index.php/jsrc/$$$call$$$/page/page/css?name=stylesheet" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Noto+Sans:400,400italic,700,700italic" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/4.7.0/css/font-awesome.css" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://journalsrc.org/plugins/generic/citations/css/citations.css" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://journalsrc.org/plugins/generic/orcidProfile/css/orcidProfile.css" type="text/css" /> </head> <body class="pkp_page_article pkp_op_view has_site_logo" dir="ltr"> <div class="cmp_skip_to_content"> <a href="#pkp_content_main">Skip to main content</a> <a href="#pkp_content_nav">Skip to main navigation menu</a> <a href="#pkp_content_footer">Skip to site footer</a> </div> <div class="pkp_structure_page"> <header class="pkp_structure_head" id="headerNavigationContainer" role="banner"> <div class="pkp_head_wrapper"> <div class="pkp_site_name_wrapper"> <div class="pkp_site_name"> <a href=" https://journalsrc.org/index.php/index " class="is_img"> <img src="https://journalsrc.org/public/journals/1/pageHeaderLogoImage_en_US.png" width="1023" height="324" alt="Page Header Logo" /> </a> </div> </div> <nav class="pkp_navigation_primary_row" aria-label="Site Navigation"> <div class="pkp_navigation_primary_wrapper"> <ul id="navigationPrimary" class="pkp_navigation_primary pkp_nav_list"> <li class=""> <a href="https://journalsrc.org/index.php/jsrc/issue/current"> Current </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://journalsrc.org/index.php/jsrc/issue/archive"> Archives </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://journalsrc.org/index.php/jsrc/announcement"> Announcements </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://journalsrc.org/index.php/jsrc/about/submissions"> Submissions </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://journalsrc.org/index.php/jsrc/about"> About </a> <ul> <li class=""> <a href="https://journalsrc.org/index.php/jsrc/about"> About the Journal </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://journalsrc.org/index.php/jsrc/about/editorialTeam"> Editorial Team </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://journalsrc.org/index.php/jsrc/recruitment"> Recruitment </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://journalsrc.org/index.php/jsrc/about/privacy"> Privacy Statement </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://journalsrc.org/index.php/jsrc/about/contact"> Contact </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://journalsrc.org/index.php/jsrc/collab"> Research Collaboration </a> </li> </ul> <form class="pkp_search" action="https://journalsrc.org/index.php/jsrc/search/search" method="post" role="search"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfToken" value="bd36ba5875b3c4fd59f397f20225e26b"> <input name="query" value="" type="text" aria-label="Search Query"> <button type="submit"> Search </button> <div class="search_controls" aria-hidden="true"> <a href="https://journalsrc.org/index.php/jsrc/search/search" class="headerSearchPrompt search_prompt" aria-hidden="true"> Search </a> <a href="#" class="search_cancel headerSearchCancel" aria-hidden="true"></a> <span class="search_loading" aria-hidden="true"></span> </div> </form> </div> </nav> <nav class="pkp_navigation_user_wrapper" id="navigationUserWrapper" aria-label="User Navigation"> <ul id="navigationUser" class="pkp_navigation_user pkp_nav_list"> <li class="profile"> <a href="https://journalsrc.org/index.php/jsrc/user/register"> Register </a> </li> <li class="profile"> <a href="https://journalsrc.org/index.php/jsrc/login"> Login </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </header> <div class="pkp_structure_content has_sidebar"> <div id="pkp_content_main" class="pkp_structure_main" role="main"> <div class="page page_article"> <nav class="cmp_breadcrumbs" role="navigation" aria-label="You are here:"> <ol> <li> <a href="https://journalsrc.org/index.php/jsrc/index"> Home </a> <span class="separator">/</span> </li> <li> <a href="https://journalsrc.org/index.php/jsrc/issue/archive"> Archives </a> <span class="separator">/</span> </li> <li> <a href="https://journalsrc.org/index.php/jsrc/issue/view/12"> Vol 10 No 1 (2024) </a> <span class="separator">/</span> </li> <li class="current"> Original Study </li> </ol> </nav> <article class="obj_article_details"> <h1 class="page_title"> Developing Trauma-Informed Capacities in Healthcare Students Staffing Free Clinics </h1> <div class="row"> <div class="main_entry"> <ul class="item authors"> <li> <span class="name"> Phillip Yang, MD, MA </span> <span class="affiliation"> UT Health San Antonio </span> <span class="orcid"> <a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8883-0276" target="_blank"> https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8883-0276 </a> </span> </li> <li> <span class="name"> Jacob Houser, MD </span> <span class="affiliation"> UT Health San Antonio </span> </li> <li> <span class="name"> Jennifer Todd, JD </span> <span class="affiliation"> UT Health San Antonio </span> </li> <li> <span class="name"> Kristen A Plastino, MD </span> <span class="affiliation"> UT Health San Antonio </span> </li> <li> <span class="name"> Rachel M Pearson, MD, PhD </span> <span class="affiliation"> UT Health San Antonio </span> </li> </ul> <div class="item doi"> <span class="label"> DOI: </span> <span class="value"> <a href="https://doi.org/10.59586/jsrc.v10i1.444"> https://doi.org/10.59586/jsrc.v10i1.444 </a> </span> </div> <div class="item keywords"> <span class="label"> Keywords: </span> <span class="value"> Adverse Childhood Experiences, Students, Vulnerable Populations, Student Run Clinic, Traumatic Stress Disorders </span> </div> <div class="item abstract"> <h3 class="label">Abstract</h3> <p><strong>Background:</strong> Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are common traumatic events experienced during childhood that can have significant and cumulative lifelong impact on health, mental health, and life opportunities. Individuals with marginalized identities experience more ACEs and have greater ACEs-related health burden. Free clinics provide free or low-cost ambulatory care to largely underserved or marginalized communities. Student-staffed free clinic volunteers should be knowledgeable about ACEs and should possess attitudes and engage in practices that promote trauma-informed care.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> Two medical students were trained as ACE Interface Master Trainers and administered a training based on the ACEs <u>N.E.A.R.</u> Science curriculum to medical and nursing student free clinic volunteers and leaders. The 1.5-hour training included the <u>N</u>eurobiology and <u>E</u>pigenetics of trauma, health consequences associated with <u>A</u>CEs, and the impact of <u>R</u>esilience in mitigating health consequences of ACEs. Pre-/post-surveys were utilized to measure changes in collective hope, perceived trauma knowledge, and trauma-informed attitudes.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> The training was administered virtually to one group of medical students and three groups of nursing students (N = 89) between May and October 2020. Two-sample t-tests of the pre-/post-surveys demonstrated statistically significant increases in two of the six collective hope items, six of the six perceived trauma knowledge items, and six of the seven trauma-informed attitudes items.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Our study demonstrated that healthcare students volunteering at free clinics have high baseline levels of collective hope, perceived trauma knowledge, and trauma-informed attitudes. A brief and purposeful training on ACEs by peers or near-peers can be effective to further promoting trauma-informed capacities for student-run free clinic volunteers. Future work is needed to ascertain the sustainability of trauma-informed care growth from this training and to measure the effects on care practices.</p> </div> </div> <div class="entry_details"> <div class="item galleys"> <ul class="value galleys_links"> <li> <a class="obj_galley_link pdf" href="https://journalsrc.org/index.php/jsrc/article/view/444/294"> PDF </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="item published"> <div class="label"> Published </div> <div class="value"> 2024-10-03 </div> </div> <div class="item citation"> <div class="sub_item citation_display"> <div class="label"> How to Cite </div> <div class="value"> <div id="citationOutput" role="region" aria-live="polite"> <div class="csl-bib-body"> <div class="csl-entry">Yang, P., Houser, J., Todd, J., Plastino, K. A., & Pearson, R. M. (2024). Developing Trauma-Informed Capacities in Healthcare Students Staffing Free Clinics. <i>Journal of Student-Run Clinics</i>, <i>10</i>(1). https://doi.org/10.59586/jsrc.v10i1.444</div> </div> </div> <div class="citation_formats"> <button class="cmp_button citation_formats_button" aria-controls="cslCitationFormats" aria-expanded="false" data-csl-dropdown="true"> More Citation Formats </button> <div id="cslCitationFormats" class="citation_formats_list" aria-hidden="true"> <ul class="citation_formats_styles"> <li> <a aria-controls="citationOutput" href="https://journalsrc.org/index.php/jsrc/citationstylelanguage/get/acm-sig-proceedings?submissionId=444" data-load-citation data-json-href="https://journalsrc.org/index.php/jsrc/citationstylelanguage/get/acm-sig-proceedings?submissionId=444&return=json" > ACM </a> </li> <li> <a aria-controls="citationOutput" href="https://journalsrc.org/index.php/jsrc/citationstylelanguage/get/acs-nano?submissionId=444" data-load-citation data-json-href="https://journalsrc.org/index.php/jsrc/citationstylelanguage/get/acs-nano?submissionId=444&return=json" > ACS </a> </li> <li> <a aria-controls="citationOutput" href="https://journalsrc.org/index.php/jsrc/citationstylelanguage/get/apa?submissionId=444" data-load-citation data-json-href="https://journalsrc.org/index.php/jsrc/citationstylelanguage/get/apa?submissionId=444&return=json" > APA </a> </li> <li> <a aria-controls="citationOutput" href="https://journalsrc.org/index.php/jsrc/citationstylelanguage/get/associacao-brasileira-de-normas-tecnicas?submissionId=444" data-load-citation data-json-href="https://journalsrc.org/index.php/jsrc/citationstylelanguage/get/associacao-brasileira-de-normas-tecnicas?submissionId=444&return=json" > ABNT </a> </li> <li> <a aria-controls="citationOutput" href="https://journalsrc.org/index.php/jsrc/citationstylelanguage/get/chicago-author-date?submissionId=444" data-load-citation data-json-href="https://journalsrc.org/index.php/jsrc/citationstylelanguage/get/chicago-author-date?submissionId=444&return=json" > Chicago </a> </li> <li> <a aria-controls="citationOutput" href="https://journalsrc.org/index.php/jsrc/citationstylelanguage/get/harvard-cite-them-right?submissionId=444" data-load-citation data-json-href="https://journalsrc.org/index.php/jsrc/citationstylelanguage/get/harvard-cite-them-right?submissionId=444&return=json" > Harvard </a> </li> <li> <a aria-controls="citationOutput" href="https://journalsrc.org/index.php/jsrc/citationstylelanguage/get/ieee?submissionId=444" data-load-citation data-json-href="https://journalsrc.org/index.php/jsrc/citationstylelanguage/get/ieee?submissionId=444&return=json" > IEEE </a> </li> <li> <a aria-controls="citationOutput" href="https://journalsrc.org/index.php/jsrc/citationstylelanguage/get/modern-language-association?submissionId=444" data-load-citation data-json-href="https://journalsrc.org/index.php/jsrc/citationstylelanguage/get/modern-language-association?submissionId=444&return=json" > MLA </a> </li> <li> <a aria-controls="citationOutput" href="https://journalsrc.org/index.php/jsrc/citationstylelanguage/get/turabian-fullnote-bibliography?submissionId=444" data-load-citation data-json-href="https://journalsrc.org/index.php/jsrc/citationstylelanguage/get/turabian-fullnote-bibliography?submissionId=444&return=json" > Turabian </a> </li> <li> <a aria-controls="citationOutput" href="https://journalsrc.org/index.php/jsrc/citationstylelanguage/get/vancouver?submissionId=444" data-load-citation data-json-href="https://journalsrc.org/index.php/jsrc/citationstylelanguage/get/vancouver?submissionId=444&return=json" > Vancouver </a> </li> </ul> <div class="label"> Download Citation </div> <ul class="citation_formats_styles"> <li> <a href="https://journalsrc.org/index.php/jsrc/citationstylelanguage/download/ris?submissionId=444"> <span class="fa fa-download"></span> Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS) </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://journalsrc.org/index.php/jsrc/citationstylelanguage/download/bibtex?submissionId=444"> <span class="fa fa-download"></span> BibTeX </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="item issue"> <div class="sub_item"> <div class="label"> Issue </div> <div class="value"> <a class="title" href="https://journalsrc.org/index.php/jsrc/issue/view/12"> Vol 10 No 1 (2024) </a> </div> </div> <div class="sub_item"> <div class="label"> Section </div> <div class="value"> Original Study </div> </div> </div> <div class="item copyright"> <p>Copyright (c) 2024 Phillip Yang, Jacob Houser, Jennifer Todd, Kristen A Plastino, Rachel M Pearson</p> <a rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" src="//i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png" /></a><p>This work is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>.</p> </div> <div class="item addthis"> <div class="value">  <div class="addthis_toolbox addthis_default_style "> <a class="addthis_button_preferred_1"></a> <a class="addthis_button_preferred_2"></a> <a class="addthis_button_preferred_3"></a> <a class="addthis_button_preferred_4"></a> <a class="addthis_button_compact"></a> <a class="addthis_counter addthis_bubble_style"></a> </div> <script type="text/javascript" src="//s7.addthis.com/js/250/addthis_widget.js#pubid="></script>  </div> </div> <div class="item citations-container" data-image-path="https://journalsrc.org/plugins/generic/citations/images/" data-citations-url="https://journalsrc.org/index.php/jsrc/citations/get?citationsId=10.59586%2Fjsrc.v10i1.444&citationsShowList=1&citationsProvider=all" data-citations-provider="all" data-citations-total="1" data-citations-list="1" data-show-google="1" data-show-pmc="1"> <div id="citations-loader"></div> <div class="citations-count"> <div class="citations-count-crossref"> <img class="img-fluid" src="https://journalsrc.org/plugins/generic/citations/images/crossref.png" alt="Crossref"/> <div class="badge_total"></div> </div> <div class="citations-count-scopus"> <img src="https://journalsrc.org/plugins/generic/citations/images/scopus.png" alt="Scopus"/> <br/> <span class="badge_total"></span> </div> <div class="citations-count-google"> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=10.59586/jsrc.v10i1.444" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"> <img src="https://journalsrc.org/plugins/generic/citations/images/scholar.png" alt="Google Scholar"/> </a> </div> <div class="citations-count-pmc"> <a href="http://europepmc.org/search?scope=fulltext&query=(REF:10.59586/jsrc.v10i1.444)" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"> <img src="https://journalsrc.org/plugins/generic/citations/images/pmc.png" alt="Europe PMC"/> <br/> <span class="badge_total"></span> </a> </div> </div> <div class="citations-list"></div> </div> </div> </div> </article> <div id="articlesBySameAuthorList"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="pkp_structure_sidebar left" role="complementary" aria-label="Sidebar"> <div class="pkp_block block_make_submission"> <div class="content"> <a class="block_make_submission_link" href="https://journalsrc.org/index.php/jsrc/about/submissions"> Make a Submission </a> </div> </div> <div class="pkp_block block_information"> <span class="title">Information</span> <div class="content"> <ul> <li> <a href="https://journalsrc.org/index.php/jsrc/information/readers"> For Readers </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://journalsrc.org/index.php/jsrc/information/authors"> For Authors </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="pkp_block block_web_feed"> <span class="title">Current Issue</span> <div class="content"> <ul> <li> <a href="https://journalsrc.org/index.php/jsrc/gateway/plugin/WebFeedGatewayPlugin/atom"> <img src="https://journalsrc.org/lib/pkp/templates/images/atom.svg" alt="Atom logo"> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://journalsrc.org/index.php/jsrc/gateway/plugin/WebFeedGatewayPlugin/rss2"> <img src="https://journalsrc.org/lib/pkp/templates/images/rss20_logo.svg" alt="RSS2 logo"> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://journalsrc.org/index.php/jsrc/gateway/plugin/WebFeedGatewayPlugin/rss"> <img src="https://journalsrc.org/lib/pkp/templates/images/rss10_logo.svg" alt="RSS1 logo"> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="pkp_content_footer" class="pkp_structure_footer_wrapper" role="contentinfo"> <div class="pkp_structure_footer"> <div class="pkp_brand_footer" role="complementary"> <a href="https://journalsrc.org/index.php/jsrc/about/aboutThisPublishingSystem"> <img alt="About this Publishing System" src="https://journalsrc.org/templates/images/ojs_brand.png"> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jqueryui/1.12.0/jquery-ui.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="https://journalsrc.org/lib/pkp/js/lib/jquery/plugins/jquery.tag-it.js" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="https://journalsrc.org/plugins/themes/default/js/lib/popper/popper.js" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="https://journalsrc.org/plugins/themes/default/js/lib/bootstrap/util.js" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="https://journalsrc.org/plugins/themes/default/js/lib/bootstrap/dropdown.js" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="https://journalsrc.org/plugins/themes/default/js/main.js" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="https://journalsrc.org/plugins/generic/citationStyleLanguage/js/articleCitation.js" type="text/javascript"></script><script type="text/javascript">var orcidIconSvg = "<svg class=\"orcid_icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 256 256\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\r\n\t\t.st0{fill:#A6CE39;}\r\n\t\t.st1{fill:#FFFFFF;}\r\n\t<\/style>\r\n\t<path class=\"st0\" d=\"M256,128c0,70.7-57.3,128-128,128C57.3,256,0,198.7,0,128C0,57.3,57.3,0,128,0C198.7,0,256,57.3,256,128z\"\/>\r\n\t<g>\r\n\t\t<path class=\"st1\" d=\"M86.3,186.2H70.9V79.1h15.4v48.4V186.2z\"\/>\r\n\t\t<path class=\"st1\" d=\"M108.9,79.1h41.6c39.6,0,57,28.3,57,53.6c0,27.5-21.5,53.6-56.8,53.6h-41.8V79.1z M124.3,172.4h24.5\r\n\t\t\tc34.9,0,42.9-26.5,42.9-39.7c0-21.5-13.7-39.7-43.7-39.7h-23.7V172.4z\"\/>\r\n\t\t<path class=\"st1\" d=\"M88.7,56.8c0,5.5-4.5,10.1-10.1,10.1c-5.6,0-10.1-4.6-10.1-10.1c0-5.6,4.5-10.1,10.1-10.1\r\n\t\t\tC84.2,46.7,88.7,51.3,88.7,56.8z\"\/>\r\n\t<\/g>\r\n<\/svg>";</script><script src="https://journalsrc.org/plugins/generic/citations/js/citations.js" type="text/javascript"></script><script type="text/javascript"> (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){ (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o), m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m) })(window,document,'script','https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga'); ga('create', 'UA-98453772-1', 'auto'); ga('send', 'pageview'); </script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Developing Trauma-Informed Capacities in Healthcare Students Staffing Free Clinics | Journal of Student-Run Clinics