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International</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 27 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avropa_komp%C3%BCter_istehsal%C3%A7%C4%B1lar%C4%B1_assosiasiyas%C4%B1" title="Avropa kompüter istehsalçıları assosiasiyası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Avropa kompüter istehsalçıları assosiasiyası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2" title="একমা ইন্টারন্যাশনাল – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="একমা ইন্টারন্যাশনাল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ecma International" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECMA_International" title="ECMA International – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="ECMA International" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ecma International" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ecma International" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ecma International" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ecma International" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ecma International" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%85%D8%A7_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84" title="اکما اینترنشنال – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اکما اینترنشنال" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ecma International" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecma_%EC%9D%B8%ED%84%B0%EB%82%B4%EC%85%94%EB%84%90" title="Ecma 인터내셔널 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="Ecma 인터내셔널" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECMA_International" title="ECMA International – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="ECMA International" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ecma International" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ecma International" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ecma International" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecma%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8A%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%8A%E3%83%AB" title="Ecmaインターナショナル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Ecmaインターナショナル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ecma International" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ecma International" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ecma International" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ecma International" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A5" title="เอ็กมาอินเตอร์เนชันแนล – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เอ็กมาอินเตอร์เนชันแนล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECMA_Standartlar_Birli%C4%9Fi" title="ECMA Standartlar Birliği – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="ECMA Standartlar Birliği" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ecma International" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ecma International" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecma%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B" title="Ecma國際 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="Ecma國際" 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For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/ECMA_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="ECMA (disambiguation)">ECMA</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Ecma International</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ecma_International_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Ecma_International_Logo.svg/149px-Ecma_International_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="149" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Ecma_International_Logo.svg/224px-Ecma_International_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Ecma_International_Logo.svg/298px-Ecma_International_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="201" data-file-height="54" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data note">1961<span class="noprint">; 63 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1961</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Standards_organization" title="Standards organization">Standards organization</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Purpose</th><td class="infobox-data">Standardization of information and communication technology and consumer electronics</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Region served </div></th><td class="infobox-data">Worldwide</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Official language </div></th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Jochen Friedrich (President)</li> <li>Michael Saboff (Executive Committee Chair)</li> <li>Samina Husain (Secretary General)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Main organ</div></th><td class="infobox-data">General Assembly</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Budget </div></th><td class="infobox-data">by membership dues</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecma-international.org/">www<wbr />.ecma-international<wbr />.org</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Formerly called</div></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">European Computer Manufacturers Association</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ecma International</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Nonprofit_organization" title="Nonprofit organization">nonprofit</a> <a href="/wiki/Standards_organization" title="Standards organization">standards organization</a> for information and communication systems.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It acquired its current name in 1994, when the <b>European Computer Manufacturers Association</b> (<b>ECMA</b>) changed its name to reflect the organization's global reach and activities. As a consequence, the name is <a href="/wiki/Acronym#Pseudo-acronyms_and_orphan_initialisms" title="Acronym">no longer considered an acronym</a> and no longer uses full capitalization. </p><p>The organization was founded in 1961 to standardize computer systems in Europe. Membership is open to large and small companies worldwide that produce, market, or develop computer or communication systems, and have interest and experience in the areas addressed by the group's technical bodies. It is located in <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aims">Aims</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ecma_International&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Aims"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ecma aims to develop <a href="/wiki/Standardization" title="Standardization">standards</a> and <a href="/wiki/Technical_report" title="Technical report">technical reports</a> to facilitate and standardize the use of information communication technology and consumer electronics; encourage the correct use of standards by influencing the environment in which they are applied; and publish these standards and reports in electronic and printed form. Ecma publications, including standards, can be freely copied by all interested parties without copyright restrictions. The development of standards and technical reports is done in co-operation with the appropriate national, European, and international organizations. </p><p>Unlike national standardization bodies, Ecma is a membership-based organization. It takes pride in the resulting "business-like" approach to standards, claimed to lead to better standards in less time, thanks to a less bureaucratic process focused on achieving results by <a href="/wiki/Consensus_decision-making" title="Consensus decision-making">consensus</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Ecma has actively contributed to worldwide standardization in information technology and telecommunications. More than 400 Ecma Standards<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 100 Technical Reports<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> have been published, more than <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">2</span>⁄<span class="den">3</span></span> of which have also been adopted as international standards and/or technical reports. </p><p>The memberlist of Ecma International is available on its website.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its members include IT companies, IT trade associations, universities, foundations and public institutions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Standards">Standards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ecma_International&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Standards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Ecma_standards" title="List of Ecma standards">List of Ecma standards</a></div> <p>Ecma International is responsible for several standards, including: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ECMA-6" class="mw-redirect" title="ECMA-6">ECMA-6</a> – 7-bit Coded Character Set (based on <a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a>), also approved as ISO/IEC 646<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMA-35" class="mw-redirect" title="ECMA-35">ECMA-35</a> – Character Code Structure and Extension Techniques, also approved as ISO/IEC 2022<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMA-48" class="mw-redirect" title="ECMA-48">ECMA-48</a> – Control Functions for Coded Character Sets, also approved as ISO/IEC 6429<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMA-107" class="mw-redirect" title="ECMA-107">ECMA-107</a> – <a href="/wiki/FAT12" class="mw-redirect" title="FAT12">FAT12</a>/<a href="/wiki/FAT16" class="mw-redirect" title="FAT16">FAT16</a> file system</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMA-119" class="mw-redirect" title="ECMA-119">ECMA-119</a> – <a href="/wiki/CD-ROM" title="CD-ROM">CD-ROM</a> volume and filestructure (later known as <a href="/wiki/ISO_9660" title="ISO 9660">ISO 9660</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMA-130" class="mw-redirect" title="ECMA-130">ECMA-130</a> – <a href="/wiki/CD-ROM" title="CD-ROM">CD-ROM</a> "Yellow Book" format</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMA-262" class="mw-redirect" title="ECMA-262">ECMA-262</a> – <a href="/wiki/ECMAScript" title="ECMAScript">ECMAScript</a> Language Specification (based on <a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMA-334" class="mw-redirect" title="ECMA-334">ECMA-334</a> – <a href="/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="C Sharp (programming language)">C#</a> Language Specification<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMA-335" class="mw-redirect" title="ECMA-335">ECMA-335</a> – <a href="/wiki/Common_Language_Infrastructure" title="Common Language Infrastructure">Common Language Infrastructure (CLI)</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ECMA-341&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ECMA-341 (page does not exist)">ECMA-341</a> – Environmental design considerations for electronic products<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMA-363" class="mw-redirect" title="ECMA-363">ECMA-363</a> – <a href="/wiki/Universal_3D" title="Universal 3D">Universal 3D File Format</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMA-367" class="mw-redirect" title="ECMA-367">ECMA-367</a> – Eiffel: Analysis, design and programming Language (See <a href="/wiki/Eiffel_(programming_language)" title="Eiffel (programming language)">Eiffel programming language</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMA-372" class="mw-redirect" title="ECMA-372">ECMA-372</a> – <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B/CLI" title="C++/CLI">C++/CLI</a> Language Specification<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMA-376" class="mw-redirect" title="ECMA-376">ECMA-376</a> – <a href="/wiki/Office_Open_XML" title="Office Open XML">Office Open XML</a> (later known as <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_29500" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC 29500">ISO/IEC 29500</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMA-377" class="mw-redirect" title="ECMA-377">ECMA-377</a> – <a href="/wiki/Holographic_Versatile_Disc" title="Holographic Versatile Disc">Holographic Versatile Disc</a> (HVD) Recordable Cartridges<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMA-378" class="mw-redirect" title="ECMA-378">ECMA-378</a> – Read-Only Memory Holographic Versatile Disc (HVD-ROM)<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMA-388" class="mw-redirect" title="ECMA-388">ECMA-388</a> – <a href="/wiki/Open_XML_Paper_Specification" title="Open XML Paper Specification">Open XML Paper Specification</a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMA-402" class="mw-redirect" title="ECMA-402">ECMA-402</a> – <a href="/wiki/ECMAScript" title="ECMAScript">ECMAScript</a> Internationalization API Specification<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMA-404" class="mw-redirect" title="ECMA-404">ECMA-404</a> – <a href="/wiki/JSON" title="JSON">JSON</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMA-408" class="mw-redirect" title="ECMA-408">ECMA-408</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dart_(programming_language)" title="Dart (programming language)">Dart language</a> specification<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Java_programming_language">Java programming language</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ecma_International&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Java programming language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although <a href="/wiki/Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</a> submitted its <a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java programming language</a> to Ecma, Sun subsequently withdrew the submission. Thus, Ecma is not responsible for the standardization of Java.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Office_Open_XML_formats">Office Open XML formats</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ecma_International&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Office Open XML formats"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ecma is involved in the standardization of the <a href="/wiki/Office_Open_XML" title="Office Open XML">Office Open XML</a> format based on the <a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a> office document formats by <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>. The Ecma Office Open XML maintenance process is performed by technical committee 45 (TC45).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technical_committees">Technical committees</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ecma_International&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Technical committees"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Ecma standards are governed through technical committees assigned to particular areas or topics,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as: </p> <ul><li>TC39 – responsible for <a href="/wiki/ECMAScript" title="ECMAScript">ECMAScript</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>TC45 – responsible for Office Open XML.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>TC53 – responsible for ECMAScript Modules for Embedded Systems.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eco_declaration">Eco declaration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ecma_International&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Eco declaration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Ecma International Standard 370,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ecma joined with the Scandinavian IT Eco Declaration organisation to put forward a guideline for informing consumers about the environmental practices of the manufacturers of ICT and consumer electronics products. </p><p>The IT Eco Declaration includes information on the environmental practices of the manufacturer as well as product features, such as environmentally conscious design, batteries, acoustic noise, electrical safety, energy consumption, chemical emissions, substances and materials included, and packaging. This makes it easy to compare different suppliers and their products, as they all present the environmental features of their products in the same way, through a common industry standard reporting form. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ecma_International&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ecma_standards" title="List of Ecma standards">List of Ecma standards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Committee_for_Standardization" title="European Committee for Standardization">European Committee for Standardization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">International Electrotechnical Commission</a> (<a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">IEC</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">International Organization for Standardization</a> (<a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ecma_International&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecma-international.org/memento/Ecmabylaws.htm">"Ecma By-laws"</a>. <i>ecma-international.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ecma-international.org&rft.atitle=Ecma+By-laws&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecma-international.org%2Fmemento%2FEcmabylaws.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEcma+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Standard.htm">"Ecma Standards - list"</a>. <i>ecma-international.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ecma-international.org&rft.atitle=Ecma+Standards+-+list&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecma-international.org%2Fpublications%2Fstandards%2FStandard.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEcma+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/techreports/techrep.htm">"Ecma Technical Reports"</a>. <i>ecma-international.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ecma-international.org&rft.atitle=Ecma+Technical+Reports&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecma-international.org%2Fpublications%2Ftechreports%2Ftechrep.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEcma+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ecma-international.org/members/">"Ecma Members"</a>. <i>ecma-international.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240324072251/https://ecma-international.org/members/">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-03-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-04-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ecma-international.org&rft.atitle=Ecma+Members&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fecma-international.org%2Fmembers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEcma+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-006.htm">"Standard ECMA-6, 7-bit Coded Character Set"</a>. December 1991<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-03-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Standard+ECMA-6%2C+7-bit+Coded+Character+Set&rft.date=1991-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecma-international.org%2Fpublications%2Fstandards%2FEcma-006.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEcma+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-035.htm">"Standard ECMA-35, Character Code Structure and Extension Techniques"</a>. December 1994<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-03-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Standard+ECMA-35%2C+Character+Code+Structure+and+Extension+Techniques&rft.date=1994-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecma-international.org%2Fpublications%2Fstandards%2FEcma-035.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEcma+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-048.htm">"Standard ECMA-48, Control Functions for Coded Character Sets"</a>. June 1991<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-03-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Standard+ECMA-48%2C+Control+Functions+for+Coded+Character+Sets&rft.date=1991-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecma-international.org%2Fpublications%2Fstandards%2FEcma-048.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEcma+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-119.htm">"Volume and File Structure of CDROM for Information Interchange"</a>. <i>Ecma International</i>. December 1987<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-07-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ecma+International&rft.atitle=Volume+and+File+Structure+of+CDROM+for+Information+Interchange&rft.date=1987-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecma-international.org%2Fpublications%2Fstandards%2FEcma-119.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEcma+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/ecma-262.htm">"Standard ECMA-262, ECMAScript Language Specification"</a>. <i>Ecma International</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ecma+International&rft.atitle=Standard+ECMA-262%2C+ECMAScript+Language+Specification&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecma-international.org%2Fpublications%2Fstandards%2Fecma-262.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEcma+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-334.htm">"Standard ECMA-334, C# Language Specification"</a>. <i>Ecma International</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ecma+International&rft.atitle=Standard+ECMA-334%2C+C%23+Language+Specification&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecma-international.org%2Fpublications%2Fstandards%2FEcma-334.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEcma+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-335.htm">"Standard ECMA-335, Common Language Infrastructure (CLI)"</a>. <i>Ecma International</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 31,</span> 2005</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ecma+International&rft.atitle=Standard+ECMA-335%2C+Common+Language+Infrastructure+%28CLI%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecma-international.org%2Fpublications%2Fstandards%2FEcma-335.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEcma+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-341.htm">"Standard ECMA-341, Environmental design considerations for electronic products"</a>. <i>Ecma International</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ecma+International&rft.atitle=Standard+ECMA-341%2C+Environmental+design+considerations+for+electronic+products&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecma-international.org%2Fpublications%2Fstandards%2FEcma-341.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEcma+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-363.htm">"Standard ECMA-363, Universal 3D File Format"</a>. <i>Ecma International</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ecma+International&rft.atitle=Standard+ECMA-363%2C+Universal+3D+File+Format&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecma-international.org%2Fpublications%2Fstandards%2FEcma-363.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEcma+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-367.htm">"Standard ECMA-367, Eiffel analysis, design and programming Language"</a>. <i>Ecma International</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ecma+International&rft.atitle=Standard+ECMA-367%2C+Eiffel+analysis%2C+design+and+programming+Language&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecma-international.org%2Fpublications%2Fstandards%2FEcma-367.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEcma+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080810165757/http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-372.htm">"Standard ECMA-372"</a>. <i>Ecma International</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-12-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ecma+International&rft.atitle=Standard+ECMA-372&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecma-international.org%2Fpublications%2Fstandards%2FEcma-372.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEcma+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-377.htm">"Standard ECMA-377"</a>. <i>Ecma International</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ecma+International&rft.atitle=Standard+ECMA-377&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecma-international.org%2Fpublications%2Fstandards%2FEcma-377.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEcma+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-378.htm">"Standard ECMA-378"</a>. <i>Ecma International</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ecma+International&rft.atitle=Standard+ECMA-378&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecma-international.org%2Fpublications%2Fstandards%2FEcma-378.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEcma+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-388.htm">"Standard ECMA-388"</a>. <i>Ecma International</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ecma+International&rft.atitle=Standard+ECMA-388&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecma-international.org%2Fpublications%2Fstandards%2FEcma-388.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEcma+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-402.htm">"Standard ECMA-402"</a>. <i>Ecma International</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ecma+International&rft.atitle=Standard+ECMA-402&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecma-international.org%2Fpublications%2Fstandards%2FEcma-402.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEcma+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131014093844/http://ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-404.htm">"Standard ECMA-404"</a>. <i>Ecma International</i>. 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Ecma_International_Logo.svg/200px-Ecma_International_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="201" data-file-height="54" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">File systems (tape)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Intelligent_Tape" title="Advanced Intelligent Tape">Advanced Intelligent Tape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Data_Storage" title="Digital Data Storage">DDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Linear_Tape" title="Digital Linear Tape">DLT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Linear_Tape" title="Digital Linear Tape">Super DLT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Tape-Open" title="Linear Tape-Open">Linear Tape-Open</a> (Ultrium-1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/VXA" title="VXA">VXA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">File systems (disk)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CD-ROM" title="CD-ROM">CD-ROM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9660" title="ISO 9660">CD File System</a> (CDFS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_Allocation_Table" title="File Allocation Table">FAT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FAT12" class="mw-redirect" title="FAT12">FAT12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FAT16" class="mw-redirect" title="FAT16">FAT16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FAT16B" class="mw-redirect" title="FAT16B">FAT16B</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floppy_disk" title="Floppy disk">FD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Disk_Format" title="Universal Disk Format">UDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra_Density_Optical" title="Ultra Density Optical">Ultra Density Optical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Media_Disc" title="Universal Media Disc">Universal Media Disc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holographic_Versatile_Disc" title="Holographic Versatile Disc">Holographic Versatile Disc</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Graphics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universal_3D" title="Universal 3D">Universal 3D</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Programming languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B/CLI" title="C++/CLI">C++/CLI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="C Sharp (programming language)">C#</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eiffel_(programming_language)" title="Eiffel (programming language)">Eiffel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a> (<a href="/wiki/ECMAScript_for_XML" title="ECMAScript for XML">E4X</a>, <a href="/wiki/ECMAScript" title="ECMAScript">ECMAScript</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dart_(programming_language)" title="Dart (programming language)">Dart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimal_BASIC" title="Minimal BASIC">Minimal BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_BASIC" title="Full BASIC">Full BASIC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Radio link interfaces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Near-field_communication" title="Near-field communication">NFC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-wideband" title="Ultra-wideband">UWB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_2022" title="ISO/IEC 2022">ECMA-35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JSON" title="JSON">JSON</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ecma_standards" title="List of Ecma standards">List of Ecma standards</a> (1961 – present)</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="ECMAScript" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:ECMAScript" title="Template:ECMAScript"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:ECMAScript" title="Template talk:ECMAScript"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:ECMAScript" title="Special:EditPage/Template:ECMAScript"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="ECMAScript" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/ECMAScript" title="ECMAScript">ECMAScript</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dialects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ActionScript" title="ActionScript">ActionScript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caja_project" title="Caja project">Caja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/JavaScript_engine" title="JavaScript engine">engines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asm.js" title="Asm.js">asm.js</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JScript" title="JScript">JScript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JScript_.NET" title="JScript .NET">JScript .NET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QtScript" title="QtScript">QtScript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TypeScript" title="TypeScript">TypeScript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WMLScript" title="WMLScript">WMLScript</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ECMAScript_engines" title="List of ECMAScript engines">Engines</a><br />(comparison)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presto_(layout_engine)#JavaScript_engines" class="mw-redirect" title="Presto (layout engine)">Carakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presto_(layout_engine)#JavaScript_engines" class="mw-redirect" title="Presto (layout engine)">Futhark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InScript_(JavaScript_engine)" title="InScript (JavaScript engine)">InScript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebKit#JavaScriptCore" title="WebKit">JavaScriptCore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JScript" title="JScript">JScript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KJS_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="KJS (software)">KJS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presto_(layout_engine)#ECMAScript_engines" class="mw-redirect" title="Presto (layout engine)">Linear B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QtScript" title="QtScript">QtScript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhino_(JavaScript_engine)" title="Rhino (JavaScript engine)">Rhino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpiderMonkey" title="SpiderMonkey">SpiderMonkey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SpiderMonkey#TraceMonkey" title="SpiderMonkey">TraceMonkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpiderMonkey#JägerMonkey" title="SpiderMonkey">JägerMonkey</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamarin_(software)" title="Tamarin (software)">Tamarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V8_(JavaScript_engine)" title="V8 (JavaScript engine)">V8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakra_(JavaScript_engine)" title="Chakra (JavaScript engine)">ChakraCore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chakra_(JScript_engine)" title="Chakra (JScript engine)">Chakra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JScript_.NET" title="JScript .NET">JScript .NET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashorn_(JavaScript_engine)" title="Nashorn (JavaScript engine)">Nashorn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Software_framework" title="Software framework">Frameworks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Client-side_JavaScript" class="mw-redirect" title="Client-side JavaScript">Client-side</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dojo_Toolkit" title="Dojo Toolkit">Dojo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echo_(framework)" title="Echo (framework)">Echo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ext_JS" title="Ext JS">Ext JS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Web_Toolkit" title="Google Web Toolkit">Google Web Toolkit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JQuery" title="JQuery">jQuery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lively_Kernel" title="Lively Kernel">Lively Kernel</a></li> <li>midori</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MochiKit" title="MochiKit">MochiKit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MooTools" title="MooTools">MooTools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prototype_JavaScript_Framework" title="Prototype JavaScript Framework">Prototype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyjs" title="Pyjs">Pyjs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qooxdoo" title="Qooxdoo">qooxdoo</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SproutCore" title="SproutCore">SproutCore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spry_framework" title="Spry framework">Spry</a></li> <li>Wakanda Framework</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Server-side_JavaScript" class="mw-redirect" title="Server-side JavaScript">Server-side</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Node.js" title="Node.js">Node.js</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deno_(software)" title="Deno (software)">Deno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bun_(software)" title="Bun (software)">Bun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaxer#Aptana_Jaxer" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaxer">Jaxer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AppJet" title="AppJet">AppJet</a></li> <li>WakandaDB</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Multiple</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Cappuccino</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/JavaScript_library" title="JavaScript library">Libraries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backbone.js" title="Backbone.js">Backbone.js</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SWFObject" title="SWFObject">SWFObject</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underscore.js" title="Underscore.js">Underscore.js</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brendan_Eich" title="Brendan Eich">Brendan Eich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Crockford" title="Douglas Crockford">Douglas Crockford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Resig" title="John Resig">John Resig</a></li> <li>Scott Isaacs</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_HTML" title="Dynamic HTML">DHTML</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ecma International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JSDoc" title="JSDoc">JSDoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JSGI" title="JSGI">JSGI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JSHint" title="JSHint">JSHint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JSLint" title="JSLint">JSLint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JSON" title="JSON">JSON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JavaScript_Style_Sheets" title="JavaScript Style Sheets">JSSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_(JavaScript_conformance_test)" title="Sputnik (JavaScript conformance test)">Sputnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Browser_speed_test#SunSpider" title="Browser speed test">SunSpider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asynchronous_module_definition" title="Asynchronous module definition">Asynchronous module definition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CommonJS" title="CommonJS">CommonJS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> Lists</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_JavaScript_libraries" title="List of JavaScript libraries">JavaScript libraries</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ajax_frameworks#JavaScript" title="List of Ajax frameworks">Ajax frameworks</a></dd> <dt><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> Comparisons</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_JavaScript_frameworks" class="mw-redirect" title="Comparison of JavaScript frameworks">JavaScript frameworks</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_server-side_JavaScript_solutions" class="mw-redirect" title="Comparison of server-side JavaScript solutions">server-side JavaScript</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837335#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837335#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837335#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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