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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Surveys"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Surveys </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Surveys-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Surveys subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Surveys-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-19th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 19th century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 20th century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 21st century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comparisons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comparisons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Comparisons </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comparisons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Context_and_maps" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Context_and_maps"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Context and maps </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Context_and_maps-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Geology </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geology subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-IUGS_geological_heritage_site" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#IUGS_geological_heritage_site"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 IUGS geological heritage site </div> </a> <ul id="toc-IUGS_geological_heritage_site-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flora_and_fauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flora_and_fauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Flora and fauna </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Flora_and_fauna-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Flora and fauna subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Flora_and_fauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Conservation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conservation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Conservation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conservation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Climate </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Climate-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Climate subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate_change" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate_change"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Climate change </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate_change-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Meteorology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Meteorology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Meteorology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Meteorology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Expeditions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Expeditions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Expeditions </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Expeditions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Expeditions subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Expeditions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_attempts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_attempts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Early attempts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_attempts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_successful_ascent_by_Tenzing_and_Hillary,_1953" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_successful_ascent_by_Tenzing_and_Hillary,_1953"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 First successful ascent by Tenzing and Hillary, 1953 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_successful_ascent_by_Tenzing_and_Hillary,_1953-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1950s–1960s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1950s–1960s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 1950s–1960s </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1950s–1960s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1970s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1970s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 1970s </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1970s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1979/1980:_Winter_Himalaism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1979/1980:_Winter_Himalaism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5 1979/1980: Winter Himalaism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1979/1980:_Winter_Himalaism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lho_La_tragedy,_1989" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lho_La_tragedy,_1989"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.6 Lho La tragedy, 1989 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lho_La_tragedy,_1989-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1996_disaster" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1996_disaster"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.7 1996 disaster </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1996_disaster-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2006_mountaineering_season" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2006_mountaineering_season"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.8 2006 mountaineering season </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2006_mountaineering_season-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-David_Sharp_ethics_controversy,_2006" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#David_Sharp_ethics_controversy,_2006"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.8.1 David Sharp ethics controversy, 2006 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-David_Sharp_ethics_controversy,_2006-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lincoln_Hall_rescue,_2006" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lincoln_Hall_rescue,_2006"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.8.2 Lincoln Hall rescue, 2006 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lincoln_Hall_rescue,_2006-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2007" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2007"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.9 2007 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2007-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ascent_statistics_up_to_2010_season" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ascent_statistics_up_to_2010_season"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.10 Ascent statistics up to 2010 season </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ascent_statistics_up_to_2010_season-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2010s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.11 2010s </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2014_avalanche_and_season" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2014_avalanche_and_season"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.12 2014 avalanche and season </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2014_avalanche_and_season-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2015_avalanche,_earthquake,_season" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2015_avalanche,_earthquake,_season"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.13 2015 avalanche, earthquake, season </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2015_avalanche,_earthquake,_season-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2016_season" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2016_season"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.14 2016 season </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2016_season-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2017_season" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2017_season"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.15 2017 season </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2017_season-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2018" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2018"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.16 2018 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2018-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2019" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2019"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.17 2019 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2019-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2020s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.18 2020s </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climbing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climbing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Climbing </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Climbing-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Climbing subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Climbing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Permits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Permits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Permits </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Permits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commercial_climbing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commercial_climbing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Commercial climbing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commercial_climbing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Routes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Routes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Routes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Routes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Southeast_ridge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Southeast_ridge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3.1 Southeast ridge </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Southeast_ridge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_ridge_route" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_ridge_route"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3.2 North ridge route </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_ridge_route-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Summit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Summit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 Summit </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Summit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death_zone" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death_zone"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.5 Death zone </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death_zone-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Supplemental_oxygen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Supplemental_oxygen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.6 Supplemental oxygen </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Supplemental_oxygen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Autumn_climbing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Autumn_climbing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.7 Autumn climbing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Autumn_climbing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Thefts_and_crime" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thefts_and_crime"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.8 Thefts and crime </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thefts_and_crime-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Selected_climbing_records" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Selected_climbing_records"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.9 Selected climbing records </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Selected_climbing_records-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Summiting_with_disabilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Summiting_with_disabilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.10 Summiting with disabilities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Summiting_with_disabilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aviation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aviation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Aviation </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aviation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Aviation subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Aviation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1933:_Flight_over_Everest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1933:_Flight_over_Everest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 1933: Flight over Everest </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1933:_Flight_over_Everest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1988:_First_climb_and_glide" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1988:_First_climb_and_glide"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 1988: First climb and glide </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1988:_First_climb_and_glide-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1991:_Hot_air_balloon_flyover" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1991:_Hot_air_balloon_flyover"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 1991: Hot air balloon flyover </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1991:_Hot_air_balloon_flyover-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2005:_Pilot_summits_with_helicopter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2005:_Pilot_summits_with_helicopter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4 2005: Pilot summits with helicopter </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2005:_Pilot_summits_with_helicopter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2011:_Paraglide_off_summit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2011:_Paraglide_off_summit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.5 2011: Paraglide off summit </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2011:_Paraglide_off_summit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2014:_Helicopter-assisted_ascent" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2014:_Helicopter-assisted_ascent"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.6 2014: Helicopter-assisted ascent </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2014:_Helicopter-assisted_ascent-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2016:_Helicopter_business_increases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2016:_Helicopter_business_increases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.7 2016: Helicopter business increases </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2016:_Helicopter_business_increases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Extreme_sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extreme_sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Extreme sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Extreme_sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religious_significance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_significance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Religious significance </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religious_significance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Waste_management" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Waste_management"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Waste management </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Waste_management-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Mount Everest</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 207 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-207" aria-hidden="true" > 207 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunong_Everest" title="Gunong Everest – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Gunong Everest" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everest" title="Everest – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Everest" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Everest" title="Mount Everest – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Mount Everest" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A4%E1%89%A8%E1%88%A8%E1%88%B5%E1%89%B5_%E1%89%B0%E1%88%AB%E1%88%AB" title="ኤቨረስት ተራራ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኤቨረስት ተራራ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Everest" title="Mount Everest – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Mount Everest" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F" title="एवरेस्ट – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="एवरेस्ट" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eferest_Beorg" title="Eferest Beorg – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Eferest Beorg" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%A5%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="جبل إفرست – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جبل إفرست" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everest" title="Everest – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Everest" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%BE%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%A9" title="Էվերեսթ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Էվերեսթ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everest" title="Everest – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Everest" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F" title="মাউণ্ট এভাৰেষ্ট – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="মাউণ্ট এভাৰেষ্ট" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everest" title="Everest – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Everest" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE" title="सगरमाथा – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="सगरमाथा" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89verest" title="Éverest – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Éverest" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82_(%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B5%D1%80)" title="Эверест (мегӀер) – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Эверест (мегӀер)" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everest" title="Everest – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Everest" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everest" title="Everest – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Everest" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%BA%DB%8C" title="اورست داغی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اورست داغی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89v%C3%A9r%C3%A9st" title="Évérést – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Évérést" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A4" title="এভারেস্ট পর্বত – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="এভারেস্ট পর্বত" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunung_Everest" title="Gunung Everest – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Gunung Everest" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Banjar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chomolangma_Hong" title="Chomolangma Hong – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chomolangma Hong" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Джомолунгма – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Джомолунгма" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Джамалунгма – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Джамалунгма" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B2%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%81%D1%82" title="Эвэрэст – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Эвэрэст" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F" title="माउंट एवरेस्ट – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="माउंट एवरेस्ट" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukid_Everest" title="Bukid Everest – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Bukid Everest" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" title="Еверест – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Еверест" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Everest" title="Mount Everest – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Mount Everest" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%87%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B3%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8D" title="ཇོ་མོ་གླང་མ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཇོ་མོ་གླང་མ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Everest" title="Mount Everest – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Mount Everest" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menez_Everest" title="Menez Everest – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Menez Everest" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Жомолунгма – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Жомолунгма" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everest" title="Everest – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Everest" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Джомолунгма – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Джомолунгма" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Everest_(bukid_sa_Nepal)" title="Mount Everest (bukid sa Nepal) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Mount Everest (bukid sa Nepal)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Everest" title="Mount Everest – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mount Everest" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mynydd_Chomolungma" title="Mynydd Chomolungma – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Mynydd Chomolungma" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Everest" title="Mount Everest – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mount Everest" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%A5%D9%8A%DA%A4%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%B7" title="جبل إيڤريسط – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="جبل إيڤريسط" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Everest" title="Mount Everest – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Mount Everest" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Everest" title="Mount Everest – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mount Everest" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%87%DE%AC%DE%88%DE%A6%DE%83%DE%AC%DE%90%DE%B0%DE%93%DE%B0_%DE%8A%DE%A6%DE%83%DE%AA%DE%84%DE%A6%DE%8B%DE%A6" title="އެވަރެސްޓް ފަރުބަދަ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އެވަރެސްޓް ފަރުބަދަ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE" title="सगरमाथा – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="सगरमाथा" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEomolungma" title="Džomolungma – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Džomolungma" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%88%CE%B2%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B5%CF%83%CF%84" title="Έβερεστ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Έβερεστ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte_Everest" title="Monte Everest – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Monte Everest" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%88omolungmo" title="Ĉomolungmo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĉomolungmo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monti_Everest" title="Monti Everest – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Monti Everest" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everest" title="Everest – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Everest" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="کوه اورست – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کوه اورست" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Everest" title="Mount Everest – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Mount Everest" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Everest" title="Mount Everest – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Mount Everest" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everest" title="Everest – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Everest" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Everest" title="Mount Everest – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Mount Everest" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sliabh_Everest_(Teom%C3%B3lungma)" title="Sliabh Everest (Teomólungma) – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Sliabh Everest (Teomólungma)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beinn_Everest" title="Beinn Everest – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Beinn Everest" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everest" title="Everest – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Everest" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8F%A0%E7%A9%86%E6%9C%97%E7%91%AA%E5%B3%B0" title="珠穆朗瑪峰 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="珠穆朗瑪峰" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Everest" title="Mount Everest – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Mount Everest" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gĩkũyũ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%89%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9F_%E0%AA%8F%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9F" title="માઉન્ટ એવરેસ્ટ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="માઉન્ટ એવરેસ્ટ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Os%C3%B3_Everest" title="Osó Everest – Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="Osó Everest" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="Gun" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gungbe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chomolangma_F%C3%BBng" title="Chomolangma Fûng – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Chomolangma Fûng" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%B2%A0%EB%A0%88%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%EC%82%B0" title="에베레스트산 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="에베레스트산" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsaunin_Everest" title="Tsaunin Everest – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Tsaunin Everest" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauna_Everest" title="Mauna Everest – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Mauna Everest" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%BE%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%BF" title="Էվերեստ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էվերեստ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4" title="एवरेस्ट पर्वत – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="एवरेस्ट पर्वत" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Everest" title="Mount Everest – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Mount Everest" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Everest" title="Mount Everest – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mount Everest" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hu%27idu_Everest" title="Hu'idu Everest – Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Hu'idu Everest" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Hulontalo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everest" title="Everest – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Everest" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantay_Everest" title="Bantay Everest – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Bantay Everest" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunung_Everest" title="Gunung Everest – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gunung Everest" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte_Everest" title="Monte Everest – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Monte Everest" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Everest" title="Mount Everest – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Mount Everest" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everest" title="Everest – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Everest" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target">Iñupiatun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BC%C3%A6" title="Джомолунгмæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Джомолунгмæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Everest" title="Mount Everest – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Mount Everest" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everestfjall" title="Everestfjall – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Everestfjall" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everest" title="Everest – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Everest" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%98" title="אוורסט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוורסט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Everest" title="Mount Everest – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Mount Everest" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everest_p%CA%8B%CA%8B" title="Everest pʋʋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Everest pʋʋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Everest" title="Mount Everest – Kalaallisut" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Mount Everest" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="Kalaallisut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kalaallisut</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%8E%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C_%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%96%E0%B2%B0" title="ಎವರೆಸ್ಟ್‌ ಶಿಖರ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಎವರೆಸ್ಟ್‌ ಶಿಖರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" title="Эверест – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Эверест" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Къарачай-малкъар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ევერესტი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ევერესტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Джомолунгма – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Джомолунгма" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menydh_Everest" title="Menydh Everest – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Menydh Everest" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everest_(mlima)" title="Everest (mlima) – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Everest (mlima)" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everest" title="Everest – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Everest" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89vrest" title="Évrest – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Évrest" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87iyay%C3%AA_Everest" title="Çiyayê Everest – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Çiyayê Everest" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Жомолунгма – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Жомолунгма" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everest" title="Everest – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Everest" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AD%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B5%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%95%E0%BB%8C" title="ເຂົາເອເວີເຣສຕ໌ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ເຂົາເອເວີເຣສຕ໌" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everestius_mons" title="Everestius mons – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Everestius mons" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEomolungma" title="Džomolungma – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Džomolungma" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Everest" title="Mount Everest – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Mount Everest" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Джомолунгма – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Джомолунгма" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEomolungma" title="Džomolungma – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Džomolungma" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Everest" title="Mount Everest – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Mount Everest" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagarmata" title="Sagarmata – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Sagarmata" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everest" title="Everest – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Everest" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Csomolungma" title="Csomolungma – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Csomolungma" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE" title="सगरमाथा – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="सगरमाथा" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" title="Монт Еверест – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Монт Еверест" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF" title="എവറസ്റ്റ്‌ കൊടുമുടി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="എവറസ്റ്റ്‌ കൊടുമുടി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everest" title="Everest – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Everest" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F" title="एव्हरेस्ट – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="एव्हरेस्ट" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ევერესტი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ევერესტი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="ايفيريست – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ايفيريست" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="اورست – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="اورست" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunung_Everest" title="Gunung Everest – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gunung Everest" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chomolungma_H%C5%ADng" title="Chomolungma Hŭng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Chomolungma Hŭng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" title="Эверест – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Эверест" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A7%E1%80%9D%E1%80%9B%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="ဧဝရတ်တောင် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဧဝရတ်တောင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everest" title="Everest – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Everest" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nāhuatl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcm mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Everest" title="Mount Everest – Nigerian Pidgin" lang="pcm" hreflang="pcm" data-title="Mount Everest" data-language-autonym="Naijá" data-language-local-name="Nigerian Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Naijá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Everest" title="Mount Everest – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mount Everest" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE" title="सगरमाथा – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="सगरमाथा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE" title="चोमोलुङ्मा – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="चोमोलुङ्मा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%99%E3%83%AC%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88" title="エベレスト – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エベレスト" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everest" title="Everest – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Everest" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Джомолунгма – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Джомолунгма" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Everest" title="Mount Everest – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Mount Everest" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evrest" title="Evrest – Pitcairn-Norfolk" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Evrest" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Pitcairn-Norfolk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Everest" title="Mount Everest – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mount Everest" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Everest" title="Mount Everest – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Mount Everest" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mont_Everest" title="Mont Everest – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Mont Everest" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Everest" title="Mount Everest – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Mount Everest" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mont_Everest" title="Mont Everest – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Mont Everest" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" title="Эверест – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Эверест" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%8F%E0%AC%AD%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B7%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9F_%E0%AC%B6%E0%AD%83%E0%AC%99%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%97" title="ଏଭରେଷ୍ଟ ଶୃଙ୍ଗ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଏଭରେଷ୍ଟ ଶୃଙ୍ଗ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jomolungma" title="Jomolungma – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Jomolungma" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%90%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%9F_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A9%9C" title="ਐਵਰੈਸਟ ਪਹਾੜ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਐਵਰੈਸਟ ਪਹਾੜ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A4%D9%86%D9%B9_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%B9" title="ماؤنٹ ایورسٹ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ماؤنٹ ایورسٹ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9D%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B2%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA" title="ကောင်အေဝရဲစ် – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ကောင်အေဝရဲစ်" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target">ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%BC_%D8%BA%D9%80%D8%B1" title="د ایوریسټ غـر – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د ایوریسټ غـر" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Evares" title="Mount Evares – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Mount Evares" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everest" title="Everest – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Everest" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everest" title="Everest – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Everest" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Everest" title="Mount Everest – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Mount Everest" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Everest" title="Mount Everest – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mount Everest" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte_Everest" title="Monte Everest – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Monte Everest" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everest_da%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Everest dağı – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Everest dağı" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everest" title="Everest – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Everest" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Everest" title="Mount Everest – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Mount Everest" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chomolungma" title="Chomolungma – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Chomolungma" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" title="Монт Еверест – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Монт Еверест" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Джомолунгма – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Джомолунгма" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" title="Эверест – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Эверест" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="देवगिरि शिखरम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="देवगिरि शिखरम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everest" title="Everest – Sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Everest" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="Sango" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sängö</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B6%E1%B1%B4_%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%B4" title="ᱢᱟᱶᱴ ᱮᱵᱷᱚᱨᱮᱥᱴ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱢᱟᱶᱴ ᱮᱵᱷᱚᱨᱮᱥᱴ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A4%D9%86%D9%B9_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%B9" title="ماؤنٹ ایورسٹ – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="ماؤنٹ ایورسٹ" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target">سرائیکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everest" title="Everest – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Everest" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Everest" title="Mount Everest – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Mount Everest" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mali_Everest" title="Mali Everest – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Mali Everest" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everest" title="Everest – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Everest" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%91%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF" title="එවරස්ට් කන්ද – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="එවරස්ට් කන්ද" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Everest" title="Mount Everest – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mount Everest" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%86%D9%BD_%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%BD" title="مائونٽ ايوريسٽ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="مائونٽ ايوريسٽ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Everest" title="Mount Everest – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mount Everest" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Everest" title="Mount Everest – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mount Everest" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Everest" title="Mount Everest – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Mount Everest" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buurta_Everest" title="Buurta Everest – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Buurta Everest" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%A4%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="چیای ئیڤرست – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="چیای ئیڤرست" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everest" title="Everest – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Everest" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sranantongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" title="Монт Еверест – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Монт Еверест" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Everest" title="Mount Everest – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mount Everest" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunung_Everest" title="Gunung Everest – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Gunung Everest" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Everest" title="Mount Everest – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mount Everest" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Everest" title="Mount Everest – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mount Everest" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundok_Everest" title="Bundok Everest – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Bundok Everest" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="எவரெசுட்டு சிகரம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எவரெசுட்டு சிகரம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibirist" title="Ibirist – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Ibirist" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taclḥit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrar_n_Everest" title="Adrar n Everest – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Adrar n Everest" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everest" title="Everest – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Everest" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tarandíne</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Джомолунгма – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Джомолунгма" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%8E%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%81_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%82" title="ఎవరెస్టు పర్వతం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఎవరెస్టు పర్వతం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" title="เขาเอเวอเรสต์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เขาเอเวอเรสต์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Ҷомолунгма – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҷомолунгма" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vose_Everest" title="Vose Everest – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Vose Everest" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tsetsêhestâhese</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everest_Da%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Everest Dağı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Everest Dağı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jomolungma" title="Jomolungma – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Jomolungma" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" title="Еверест – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Еверест" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A4%D9%86%D9%B9_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%B9" title="ماؤنٹ ایورسٹ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ماؤنٹ ایورسٹ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%90%DB%8B%DB%90%D8%B1%DB%90%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="ئېۋېرېست – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئېۋېرېست" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everest" title="Everest – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Everest" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEomolungm" title="Džomolungm – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Džomolungm" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everest" title="Everest – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Everest" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mont_Evresse" title="Mont Evresse – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Mont Evresse" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%96%E6%AF%8D%E5%B3%B0" title="聖母峰 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="聖母峰" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukid_Everest" title="Bukid Everest – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Bukid Everest" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8F%A0%E7%A9%86%E6%9C%97%E7%8E%9B%E5%B3%B0" title="珠穆朗玛峰 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="珠穆朗玛峰" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%A1%D7%98" title="עווערעסט – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="עווערעסט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8F%A0%E7%A9%86%E6%9C%97%E7%91%AA%E5%B3%B0" title="珠穆朗瑪峰 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="珠穆朗瑪峰" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koy%C3%AA_Everesti" title="Koyê Everesti – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Koyê Everesti" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Everest" title="Mount Everest – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Mount Everest" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everests" title="Everests – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Everests" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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.latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Mount_Everest&params=27_59_18_N_86_55_31_E_type:mountain_scale:100000">27°59′18″N 86°55′31″E / 27.98833°N 86.92528°E / 27.98833; 86.92528</a></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected."><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Earth's highest mountain</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Everest", "Sagarmatha", and "Qomolangma" redirect here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Everest_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Everest (disambiguation)">Everest (disambiguation)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sagarmatha_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Sagarmatha (disambiguation)">Sagarmatha (disambiguation)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Qomolangma_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Qomolangma (disambiguation)">Qomolangma (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:24.5em; line-height:1.5em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;color:#000;">Mount Everest</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding: 0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Mount_Everest_as_seen_from_Drukair2_PLW_edit_Cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Mount_Everest_as_seen_from_Drukair2_PLW_edit_Cropped.jpg/288px-Mount_Everest_as_seen_from_Drukair2_PLW_edit_Cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Mount_Everest_as_seen_from_Drukair2_PLW_edit_Cropped.jpg/432px-Mount_Everest_as_seen_from_Drukair2_PLW_edit_Cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Mount_Everest_as_seen_from_Drukair2_PLW_edit_Cropped.jpg/576px-Mount_Everest_as_seen_from_Drukair2_PLW_edit_Cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1389" data-file-height="843" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding: 0.2em 0em;">Aerial photo from the south, with Mount Everest rising above the ridge connecting <a href="/wiki/Nuptse" title="Nuptse">Nuptse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lhotse" title="Lhotse">Lhotse</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;color:#000;">Highest point</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Summit" title="Summit">Elevation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">8,848.86 m (29,031.7 ft) <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q513?uselang=en#P2044" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a><a href="#cite_note-1">[note 1]</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_highest_mountains_on_Earth" title="List of highest mountains on Earth">Ranked 1st</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Topographic_prominence" title="Topographic prominence">Prominence</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_peaks_by_prominence" title="List of mountain peaks by prominence">Ranked 1st</a> <a href="/wiki/Topographic_prominence#Definitions" title="Topographic prominence">(Special definition for Everest)</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Topographic_isolation" title="Topographic isolation">Isolation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">n/a</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_mountains" title="Lists of mountains">Listing</a></th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Eight-thousander" title="Eight-thousander">Eight-thousander</a> <a href="/wiki/Seven_Summits" title="Seven Summits">Seven Summits</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_elevation_extremes_by_country" title="List of elevation extremes by country">Country high point (China and Nepal)</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Nepal" title="List of mountains in Nepal">List of mountains in Nepal</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_China" title="List of mountains in China">List of mountains in China</a> <a href="/wiki/Ultra_prominent_peak" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultra prominent peak">Ultra</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Mount_Everest&params=27_59_18_N_86_55_31_E_type:mountain_scale:100000">27°59′18″N 86°55′31″E / 27.98833°N 86.92528°E / 27.98833; 86.92528</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;color:#000;">Naming</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Etymology" title="Etymology">Etymology</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Everest" title="George Everest">George Everest</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Native name</th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>सगरमाथा (<a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a>) (Sagarmāthā)</li><li>ཇོ་མོ་གླང་མ (<a href="/wiki/Standard_Tibetan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard Tibetan language">Standard Tibetan</a>) (Chomolungma)</li><li>珠穆朗玛峰 (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>) (Zhūmùlǎngmǎ Fēng)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">English translation</th><td class="infobox-data">Holy Mother, Skyhead</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;color:#000;">Geography</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.5em 0.2em;"><div class="center"><div class="thumb tnone"><div class="thumbinner" style="position: relative; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 300px;"><div class="thumbinner noresize" style="position: relative; top: 0px; right: 0px; outline:0px; border:0px; padding:0px; height: 300px; width: 300px;"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container floatright" style="width: 300px; height: 300px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm" data-width="300" data-height="300" data-zoom="8" data-lat="28" data-lon="86.5" href="/wiki/Special:Map/8/28/86.5/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm,8,28,86.5,300x300.png?lang=en" width="300" height="300" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm,8,28,86.5,300x300@2x.png?lang=en 2x" alt="Map" /></a><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: blue; top: 0px; left: 0px; width: 300px; height: 300px; transform: rotate(0deg); border-radius: 0px; background-color: #FFFFFF00; color:inherit;"></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 143px; left: -2px; transform: translateX(-100%) rotate(0deg); text-align: right; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"> </div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 282px; left: 287px; width: 12px; height: 12px; background-color: transparent;color:inherit;"><a href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright" title="About OpenStreetMaps" rel="nofollow"><img alt="About OpenStreetMaps" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/12px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/18px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/24px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 282px; left: 190px; width: 12px; height: 12px; background-color: transparent;color:inherit;"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Maps_Terms_of_Use" title="Maps: terms of use"><img alt="Maps: terms of use" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/12px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/18px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/24px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: blue; top: 256px; left: 238.5px; background-color:transparent; color:inherit; transform: rotate(0deg);"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Mapscaleline.svg/52px-Mapscaleline.svg.png" decoding="async" width="52" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Mapscaleline.svg/78px-Mapscaleline.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Mapscaleline.svg/104px-Mapscaleline.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="138" data-file-height="18" /></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 255.875px; left: 284px; transform: translateX(-100%) rotate(0deg); text-align: right; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"> 45km 30miles</div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #FFFFFFFF; top: 217.89952647479px; left: 109.33254972038px; background-color:transparent; color:inherit; transform: rotate(0deg);"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Nuvola_Nepal_flag.svg/30px-Nuvola_Nepal_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Nuvola_Nepal_flag.svg/45px-Nuvola_Nepal_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Nuvola_Nepal_flag.svg/60px-Nuvola_Nepal_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 228.89952647479px; left: 139.83254972038px; text-align: left; transform: rotate(0deg) background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"> Nepal</div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #FFFFFFFF; top: -1909.5430975218px; left: -2123.8318632645px; background-color:transparent; color:inherit; transform: rotate(0deg);"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Nuvola_Tajik_flag.svg/30px-Nuvola_Tajik_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Nuvola_Tajik_flag.svg/45px-Nuvola_Tajik_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Nuvola_Tajik_flag.svg/60px-Nuvola_Tajik_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: -1904.5430975218px; left: -2078.3318632645px; text-align: left; transform: rotate(0deg) background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"> </div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #FFFFFFFF; top: -1816.2233660728px; left: -2123.8318632645px; background-color:transparent; color:inherit; transform: rotate(0deg);"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Nuvola_Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan_flag.svg/30px-Nuvola_Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Nuvola_Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan_flag.svg/45px-Nuvola_Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Nuvola_Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan_flag.svg/60px-Nuvola_Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: -1811.2233660728px; left: -2078.3318632645px; text-align: left; transform: rotate(0deg) background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"> </div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #FFFFFFFF; top: -1485.7028938122px; left: -2123.8318632645px; background-color:transparent; color:inherit; transform: rotate(0deg);"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Nuvola_Pakistani_flag.svg/30px-Nuvola_Pakistani_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Nuvola_Pakistani_flag.svg/45px-Nuvola_Pakistani_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Nuvola_Pakistani_flag.svg/60px-Nuvola_Pakistani_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: -1480.7028938122px; left: -2087.3318632645px; text-align: left; transform: rotate(0deg) background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"> Pakistan</div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #FFFFFFFF; top: 33.196534203391px; left: 136.5px; background-color:transparent; color:inherit; transform: rotate(0deg);"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Nuvola_Chinese_flag.svg/30px-Nuvola_Chinese_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Nuvola_Chinese_flag.svg/45px-Nuvola_Chinese_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Nuvola_Chinese_flag.svg/60px-Nuvola_Chinese_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 38.196534203391px; left: 182px; text-align: left; transform: rotate(0deg) background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"> China</div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #FFFFFFFF; top: 37.813939048344px; left: -205.01208899531px; background-color:transparent; color:inherit; transform: rotate(0deg);"><img alt="Ngadi Chuli South" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Maki-mountain-15.svg/12px-Maki-mountain-15.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Maki-mountain-15.svg/18px-Maki-mountain-15.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Maki-mountain-15.svg/24px-Maki-mountain-15.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="15" data-file-height="15" /></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 51.813939048344px; left: -203.51208899531px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) rotate(0deg); background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><a href="/wiki/Ngadi_Chuli" title="Ngadi Chuli">45</a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 44.813939048344px; left: -205.01208899531px; width: 10px; height: 10px; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Ngadi_Chuli" title="Ngadi Chuli"><img alt="Ngadi Chuli South" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/12px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/18px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/24px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #FFFFFFFF; top: 27.466746021366px; left: -292.29802776604px; background-color:transparent; color:inherit; transform: rotate(0deg);"><img alt="Annapurna IV" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Maki-mountain-15.svg/12px-Maki-mountain-15.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Maki-mountain-15.svg/18px-Maki-mountain-15.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Maki-mountain-15.svg/24px-Maki-mountain-15.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="15" data-file-height="15" /></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 49.466746021366px; left: -285.79802776604px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) rotate(0deg); background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><a href="/wiki/Annapurna_IV" title="Annapurna IV">42</a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 34.466746021366px; left: -292.29802776604px; width: 10px; height: 10px; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Annapurna_IV" title="Annapurna IV"><img alt="Annapurna IV" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/12px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/18px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/24px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #FFFFFFFF; top: 48.355795906574px; left: -195.62971948308px; background-color:transparent; color:inherit; transform: rotate(0deg);"><img alt="Himalchuli West" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Maki-mountain-15.svg/12px-Maki-mountain-15.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Maki-mountain-15.svg/18px-Maki-mountain-15.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Maki-mountain-15.svg/24px-Maki-mountain-15.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="15" data-file-height="15" /></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 50.355795906574px; left: -184.12971948308px; text-align: left; transform: rotate(0deg) background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><a href="/wiki/Himalchuli" title="Himalchuli">41</a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 55.355795906574px; left: -195.62971948308px; width: 10px; height: 10px; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Himalchuli" title="Himalchuli"><img alt="Himalchuli West" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/12px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/18px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/24px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><div style="display:inline-block; 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position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: -14.146064370864px; left: -411.58768761855px; width: fit-content; height: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(-100%) rotate(0deg); background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><a href="/wiki/Dhaulagiri_II" title="Dhaulagiri II">28</a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: -12.146064370864px; left: -418.08768761855px; width: 10px; height: 10px; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Dhaulagiri_II" title="Dhaulagiri II"><img alt="Dhaulagiri II" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/12px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/18px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/24px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #FFFFFFFF; top: -469.50423047557px; left: -1105.7114119348px; background-color:transparent; color:inherit; transform: rotate(0deg);"><img alt="Kamet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Maki-mountain-15.svg/12px-Maki-mountain-15.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Maki-mountain-15.svg/18px-Maki-mountain-15.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Maki-mountain-15.svg/24px-Maki-mountain-15.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="15" data-file-height="15" /></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: -455.50423047557px; left: -1099.2114119348px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) rotate(0deg); background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><a href="/wiki/Kamet" title="Kamet">27</a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: -462.50423047557px; left: -1105.7114119348px; width: 10px; height: 10px; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Kamet" title="Kamet"><img alt="Kamet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/12px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/18px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/24px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #FFFFFFFF; top: 152.39317617851px; left: 255.4665940785px; background-color:transparent; color:inherit; transform: rotate(0deg);"><img alt="Chomo Lonzo (Chomolonzo, Chomolönzo, Chomo Lönzo, Jomolönzo, Lhamalangcho)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Maki-mountain-15.svg/12px-Maki-mountain-15.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Maki-mountain-15.svg/18px-Maki-mountain-15.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Maki-mountain-15.svg/24px-Maki-mountain-15.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="15" data-file-height="15" /></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 157.39317617851px; left: 261.9665940785px; width: fit-content; height: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(-100%) rotate(0deg); background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><a href="/wiki/Chomo_Lonzo" title="Chomo Lonzo">24</a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 159.39317617851px; left: 255.4665940785px; width: 10px; height: 10px; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Chomo_Lonzo" title="Chomo Lonzo"><img alt="Chomo Lonzo (Chomolonzo, Chomolönzo, Chomo Lönzo, Jomolönzo, Lhamalangcho)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/12px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/18px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/24px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #FFFFFFFF; top: -354.94318140368px; left: -1037.0393422813px; background-color:transparent; color:inherit; transform: rotate(0deg);"><img alt="Nanda Devi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Maki-mountain-15.svg/12px-Maki-mountain-15.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Maki-mountain-15.svg/18px-Maki-mountain-15.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Maki-mountain-15.svg/24px-Maki-mountain-15.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="15" data-file-height="15" /></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: -340.94318140368px; left: -1030.5393422813px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) rotate(0deg); background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><a href="/wiki/Nanda_Devi" title="Nanda Devi">23</a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: -347.94318140368px; left: -1037.0393422813px; width: 10px; height: 10px; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Nanda_Devi" title="Nanda Devi"><img alt="Nanda Devi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/12px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/18px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/24px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #FFFFFFFF; top: 144.73575283454px; left: 215.57372897157px; background-color:transparent; color:inherit; transform: rotate(0deg);"><img alt="Nuptse (Nubtse)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Maki-mountain-15.svg/12px-Maki-mountain-15.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Maki-mountain-15.svg/18px-Maki-mountain-15.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Maki-mountain-15.svg/24px-Maki-mountain-15.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="15" data-file-height="15" /></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 158.73575283454px; left: 216.07372897157px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) rotate(0deg); background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><a href="/wiki/Nuptse" title="Nuptse">22</a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 151.73575283454px; left: 215.57372897157px; width: 10px; height: 10px; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Nuptse" title="Nuptse"><img alt="Nuptse (Nubtse)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/12px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/18px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/24px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #FFFFFFFF; top: 34.51024020191px; left: -204.50731776912px; background-color:transparent; color:inherit; transform: rotate(0deg);"><img alt="Ngadi Chuli (Peak 29, Dakura, Dakum, Dunapurna)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Maki-mountain-15.svg/12px-Maki-mountain-15.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Maki-mountain-15.svg/18px-Maki-mountain-15.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Maki-mountain-15.svg/24px-Maki-mountain-15.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="15" data-file-height="15" /></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 34.51024020191px; left: -202.00731776912px; width: fit-content; height: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(-100%) rotate(0deg); background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><a href="/wiki/Ngadi_Chuli" title="Ngadi Chuli">21</a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 41.51024020191px; left: -204.50731776912px; width: 10px; height: 10px; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Ngadi_Chuli" title="Ngadi Chuli"><img alt="Ngadi Chuli (Peak 29, Dakura, Dakum, Dunapurna)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/12px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/18px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/24px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #FFFFFFFF; top: 48.759280557718px; left: -191.8291743053px; background-color:transparent; color:inherit; transform: rotate(0deg);"><img alt="Himalchuli (Himal Chuli)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Maki-mountain-15.svg/12px-Maki-mountain-15.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Maki-mountain-15.svg/18px-Maki-mountain-15.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Maki-mountain-15.svg/24px-Maki-mountain-15.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="15" data-file-height="15" /></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 62.759280557718px; left: -182.3291743053px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) rotate(0deg); background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><a href="/wiki/Himalchuli" title="Himalchuli">20</a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 55.759280557718px; left: -191.8291743053px; width: 10px; height: 10px; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Himalchuli" title="Himalchuli"><img alt="Himalchuli (Himal Chuli)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/12px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/18px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/24px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #FFFFFFFF; top: 116.28073680202px; left: 179.35788770182px; background-color:transparent; color:inherit; transform: rotate(0deg);"><img alt="Tenzing Peak (Ngojumba Kang, Ngozumpa Kang, Ngojumba Ri)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Maki-mountain-15.svg/12px-Maki-mountain-15.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Maki-mountain-15.svg/18px-Maki-mountain-15.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Maki-mountain-15.svg/24px-Maki-mountain-15.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="15" data-file-height="15" /></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 121.28073680202px; left: 176.85788770182px; width: fit-content; height: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(-100%) rotate(0deg); background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><a href="/wiki/Tenzing_Peak" title="Tenzing Peak">18</a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 123.28073680202px; left: 179.35788770182px; width: 10px; height: 10px; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Tenzing_Peak" title="Tenzing Peak"><img alt="Tenzing Peak (Ngojumba Kang, Ngozumpa Kang, Ngojumba Ri)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/12px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/18px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/24px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #FFFFFFFF; top: 27.811037757857px; left: -285.30512606407px; background-color:transparent; color:inherit; transform: rotate(0deg);"><img alt="Annapurna II" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Maki-mountain-15.svg/12px-Maki-mountain-15.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Maki-mountain-15.svg/18px-Maki-mountain-15.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Maki-mountain-15.svg/24px-Maki-mountain-15.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="15" data-file-height="15" /></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 41.811037757857px; left: -275.80512606407px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) rotate(0deg); background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><a href="/wiki/Annapurna_II" title="Annapurna II">17</a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 34.811037757857px; left: -285.30512606407px; width: 10px; height: 10px; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Annapurna_II" title="Annapurna II"><img alt="Annapurna II" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/12px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/18px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/24px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #FFFFFFFF; top: 117.87608491993px; left: 189.36999871154px; background-color:transparent; color:inherit; transform: rotate(0deg);"><img alt="Gyachung Kang" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Maki-mountain-15.svg/12px-Maki-mountain-15.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Maki-mountain-15.svg/18px-Maki-mountain-15.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Maki-mountain-15.svg/24px-Maki-mountain-15.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="15" data-file-height="15" /></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 130.87608491993px; left: 191.86999871154px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) rotate(0deg); background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><a href="/wiki/Gyachung_Kang" title="Gyachung Kang">16</a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 124.87608491993px; left: 189.36999871154px; width: 10px; height: 10px; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Gyachung_Kang" title="Gyachung Kang"><img alt="Gyachung Kang" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/12px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/18px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/24px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #FFFFFFFF; top: 15.105529904128px; left: -337.49995600661px; background-color:transparent; color:inherit; transform: rotate(0deg);"><img alt="Annapurna I East (Annapurna East Peak)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Maki-mountain-15.svg/12px-Maki-mountain-15.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Maki-mountain-15.svg/18px-Maki-mountain-15.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Maki-mountain-15.svg/24px-Maki-mountain-15.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="15" data-file-height="15" /></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 29.105529904128px; left: -327.99995600661px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) rotate(0deg); background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><a href="/wiki/Annapurna_I_East" title="Annapurna I East">15</a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 22.105529904128px; left: -337.49995600661px; width: 10px; height: 10px; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Annapurna_I_East" title="Annapurna I East"><img alt="Annapurna I East (Annapurna East Peak)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/12px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/18px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/24px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #FFFFFFFF; top: 23.914037531112px; left: -205.46415536797px; background-color:transparent; color:inherit; transform: rotate(0deg);"><img alt="Manaslu East" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Maki-mountain-15.svg/12px-Maki-mountain-15.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Maki-mountain-15.svg/18px-Maki-mountain-15.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Maki-mountain-15.svg/24px-Maki-mountain-15.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="15" data-file-height="15" /></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 25.914037531112px; left: -206.96415536797px; transform: translateX(-100%) rotate(0deg); text-align: right; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><a href="/wiki/Manaslu" title="Manaslu">14</a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 30.914037531112px; left: -205.46415536797px; width: 10px; height: 10px; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Manaslu" title="Manaslu"><img alt="Manaslu East" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/12px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/18px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/24px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #FFFFFFFF; top: 65.631396463155px; left: 15.045526083963px; background-color:transparent; color:inherit; transform: rotate(0deg);"><img alt="Shishapangma (Shishasbangma, Xixiabangma)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Maki-mountain-15.svg/12px-Maki-mountain-15.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Maki-mountain-15.svg/18px-Maki-mountain-15.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Maki-mountain-15.svg/24px-Maki-mountain-15.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="15" data-file-height="15" /></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 70.631396463155px; left: 18.545526083963px; width: fit-content; height: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(-100%) rotate(0deg); background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><a href="/wiki/Shishapangma" title="Shishapangma">13</a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 72.631396463155px; left: 15.045526083963px; width: 10px; height: 10px; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Shishapangma" title="Shishapangma"><img alt="Shishapangma (Shishasbangma, Xixiabangma)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/12px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/18px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/24px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #FFFFFFFF; top: 15.380089266543px; left: -339.84106575538px; background-color:transparent; color:inherit; transform: rotate(0deg);"><img alt="Annapurna" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Maki-mountain-15.svg/12px-Maki-mountain-15.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Maki-mountain-15.svg/18px-Maki-mountain-15.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Maki-mountain-15.svg/24px-Maki-mountain-15.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="15" data-file-height="15" /></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 29.380089266543px; left: -338.34106575538px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) rotate(0deg); background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><a href="/wiki/Annapurna" title="Annapurna">12</a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 22.380089266543px; left: -339.84106575538px; width: 10px; height: 10px; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Annapurna" title="Annapurna"><img alt="Annapurna" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/12px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/18px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/24px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #FFFFFFFF; top: -1403.1386336484px; left: -2011.7458787602px; background-color:transparent; color:inherit; transform: rotate(0deg);"><img alt="Nanga Parbat (Diamer)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Maki-mountain-15.svg/12px-Maki-mountain-15.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Maki-mountain-15.svg/18px-Maki-mountain-15.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Maki-mountain-15.svg/24px-Maki-mountain-15.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="15" data-file-height="15" /></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: -1389.1386336484px; left: -2005.2458787602px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) rotate(0deg); background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><a href="/wiki/Nanga_Parbat" title="Nanga Parbat">11</a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: -1396.1386336484px; left: -2011.7458787602px; width: 10px; height: 10px; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Nanga_Parbat" title="Nanga Parbat"><img alt="Nanga Parbat (Diamer)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/12px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/18px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/24px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #FFFFFFFF; top: 25.00500417062px; left: -205.51432459282px; background-color:transparent; color:inherit; transform: rotate(0deg);"><img alt="Manaslu (Kutang)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Maki-mountain-15.svg/12px-Maki-mountain-15.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Maki-mountain-15.svg/18px-Maki-mountain-15.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Maki-mountain-15.svg/24px-Maki-mountain-15.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="15" data-file-height="15" /></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 30.00500417062px; left: -202.01432459282px; width: fit-content; height: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(-100%) rotate(0deg); background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><a href="/wiki/Manaslu" title="Manaslu">10</a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 32.00500417062px; left: -205.51432459282px; width: 10px; height: 10px; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Manaslu" title="Manaslu"><img alt="Manaslu (Kutang)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/12px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/18px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/24px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #FFFFFFFF; top: -5.716042633154px; left: -400.1129597824px; background-color:transparent; color:inherit; transform: rotate(0deg);"><img alt="Dhaulagiri" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Maki-mountain-15.svg/12px-Maki-mountain-15.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Maki-mountain-15.svg/18px-Maki-mountain-15.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Maki-mountain-15.svg/24px-Maki-mountain-15.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="15" data-file-height="15" /></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: -3.716042633154px; left: -389.6129597824px; text-align: left; transform: rotate(0deg) background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><a href="/wiki/Dhaulagiri" title="Dhaulagiri">9</a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 1.283957366846px; left: -400.1129597824px; width: 10px; height: 10px; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Dhaulagiri" title="Dhaulagiri"><img alt="Dhaulagiri" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/12px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/18px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/24px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #FFFFFFFF; top: 118.67474219454px; left: 174.62894018981px; background-color:transparent; color:inherit; transform: rotate(0deg);"><img alt="Cho Oyu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Maki-mountain-15.svg/12px-Maki-mountain-15.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Maki-mountain-15.svg/18px-Maki-mountain-15.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Maki-mountain-15.svg/24px-Maki-mountain-15.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="15" data-file-height="15" /></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 120.67474219454px; left: 175.12894018981px; transform: translateX(-100%) rotate(0deg); text-align: right; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><a href="/wiki/Cho_Oyu" title="Cho Oyu">8</a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 125.67474219454px; left: 174.62894018981px; width: 10px; height: 10px; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Cho_Oyu" title="Cho Oyu"><img alt="Cho Oyu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/12px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/18px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/24px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #FFFFFFFF; top: 160.60984499469px; left: 252.15759863444px; background-color:transparent; color:inherit; transform: rotate(0deg);"><img alt="Makalu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Maki-mountain-15.svg/12px-Maki-mountain-15.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Maki-mountain-15.svg/18px-Maki-mountain-15.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Maki-mountain-15.svg/24px-Maki-mountain-15.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="15" data-file-height="15" /></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 174.60984499469px; left: 258.65759863444px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) rotate(0deg); background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><a href="/wiki/Makalu" title="Makalu">5</a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 167.60984499469px; left: 252.15759863444px; width: 10px; height: 10px; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Makalu" title="Makalu"><img alt="Makalu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/12px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/18px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/24px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #FFFFFFFF; top: 145.86111804054px; left: 223.98314153112px; background-color:transparent; color:inherit; transform: rotate(0deg);"><img alt="Lhotse" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Maki-mountain-15.svg/12px-Maki-mountain-15.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Maki-mountain-15.svg/18px-Maki-mountain-15.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Maki-mountain-15.svg/24px-Maki-mountain-15.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="15" data-file-height="15" /></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 159.86111804054px; left: 230.48314153112px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) rotate(0deg); background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><a href="/wiki/Lhotse" title="Lhotse">3</a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 152.86111804054px; left: 223.98314153112px; width: 10px; height: 10px; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Lhotse" title="Lhotse"><img alt="Lhotse" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/12px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/18px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/24px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></div> <div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #FFFFFFFF; top: 140.39370175572px; left: 220.52515503278px; background-color:transparent; color:inherit; transform: rotate(0deg);"><img alt="Mount Everest" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Red-mountain-15.svg/16px-Red-mountain-15.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Red-mountain-15.svg/24px-Red-mountain-15.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Red-mountain-15.svg/32px-Red-mountain-15.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="15" data-file-height="15" /></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 143.39370175572px; left: 226.02515503278px; width: fit-content; height: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(-100%) rotate(0deg); background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1</a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 145.39370175572px; left: 220.52515503278px; width: 14px; height: 14px; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Mount_Everest" title="Mount Everest"><img alt="Mount Everest" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/16px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/24px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/32px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute;top: 9px;left: 264px"><div style="color: white; opacity:100; font-size: 19px; font-weight:normal; text-align: left;"><a class="mw-kartographer-maplink no-icon" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="/wiki/Special:Map/9/28/86.5/en" data-zoom="9" data-lat="28" data-lon="86.5" data-overlays="["_2a0bebfe19b303cdd11c89b3080b09be580ab382"]"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style> </a></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption">The major peaks (not mountains) above 7,500 m (24,600 ft) height in <a href="/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayas</a>, rank identified in Himalayas alone (not the world).<a href="#cite_note-3">[2]</a> The map may help give context to Mount Everest with more detail and zooming on click through. Legend： <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">1：<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mount Everest</a>,  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">2：<a href="/wiki/Kangchenjunga" title="Kangchenjunga">Kangchenjunga</a>,  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">3：<a href="/wiki/Lhotse" title="Lhotse">Lhotse</a>,  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">4：<a href="/wiki/Yalung_Kang" title="Yalung Kang">Yalung Kang, Kanchenjunga West</a>,  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">5：<a href="/wiki/Makalu" title="Makalu">Makalu</a>,  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">6：<a href="/wiki/Kangchenjunga_South" title="Kangchenjunga South">Kangchenjunga South</a>,  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">7：<a href="/wiki/Kangchenjunga" title="Kangchenjunga">Kangchenjunga Central</a>,  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">8：<a href="/wiki/Cho_Oyu" title="Cho Oyu">Cho Oyu</a>,  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">9：<a href="/wiki/Dhaulagiri" title="Dhaulagiri">Dhaulagiri</a>,  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">10：<a href="/wiki/Manaslu" title="Manaslu">Manaslu (Kutang)</a>,  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">11：<a href="/wiki/Nanga_Parbat" title="Nanga Parbat">Nanga Parbat (Diamer)</a> ,  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">12：<a href="/wiki/Annapurna" title="Annapurna">Annapurna</a>,  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">13：<a href="/wiki/Shishapangma" title="Shishapangma">Shishapangma (Shishasbangma, Xixiabangma)</a>,  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">14：<a href="/wiki/Manaslu" title="Manaslu">Manaslu East</a>,  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">15：<a href="/wiki/Annapurna_I_East" title="Annapurna I East">Annapurna East Peak</a>,  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">16： <a href="/wiki/Gyachung_Kang" title="Gyachung Kang">Gyachung Kang</a>,  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">17：<a href="/wiki/Annapurna_II" title="Annapurna II">Annapurna II</a> ,  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">18：<a href="/wiki/Tenzing_Peak" title="Tenzing Peak">Tenzing Peak (Ngojumba Kang, Ngozumpa Kang, Ngojumba Ri)</a>,  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">19：<a href="/wiki/Kangbachen" title="Kangbachen">Kangbachen</a>,  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">20：<a href="/wiki/Himalchuli" title="Himalchuli">Himalchuli (Himal Chuli)</a>,  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">21：<a href="/wiki/Ngadi_Chuli" title="Ngadi Chuli">Ngadi Chuli (Peak 29, Dakura, Dakum, Dunapurna)</a>,  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">22：<a href="/wiki/Nuptse" title="Nuptse">Nuptse (Nubtse)</a>,  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">23：<a href="/wiki/Nanda_Devi" title="Nanda Devi">Nanda Devi</a>,  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">24：<a href="/wiki/Chomo_Lonzo" title="Chomo Lonzo">Chomo Lonzo (Chomolonzo, Chomolönzo, Chomo Lönzo, Jomolönzo, Lhamalangcho)</a>,  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">25：<a href="/wiki/Namcha_Barwa" title="Namcha Barwa">Namcha Barwa (Namchabarwa)</a>,  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">26：<a href="/wiki/Zemu_Gap_Peak" title="Zemu Gap Peak">Zemu Kang (Zemu Gap Peak)</a>,  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">27：<a href="/wiki/Kamet" title="Kamet">Kamet</a>,  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">28：<a href="/wiki/Dhaulagiri_II" title="Dhaulagiri II">Dhaulagiri II</a>,  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">29：<a href="/wiki/Hillary_Peak" title="Hillary Peak">Ngojumba Kang II</a>,  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">30：<a href="/wiki/Dhaulagiri_(mountain_range)" title="Dhaulagiri (mountain range)">Dhaulagiri III</a>,  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">31：<a href="/wiki/Kumbhakarna_Mountain" title="Kumbhakarna Mountain">Kumbhakarna Mountain (Mount Kumbhakarna, Jannu)</a>,  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">32：<a href="/wiki/Gurla_Mandhata" title="Gurla Mandhata">Gurla Mandhata (Naimona'nyi, Namu Nan)</a> ,  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">33：<a href="/wiki/Hillary_Peak" title="Hillary Peak">Hillary Peak (Ngojumba Kang III)</a>,  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">34：<a href="/wiki/Molamenqing" title="Molamenqing">Molamenqing (Phola Gangchen)</a>,  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">35：<a href="/wiki/Dhaulagiri_(mountain_range)" title="Dhaulagiri (mountain range)">Dhaulagiri IV</a>,  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">36：<a href="/wiki/Annapurna_(mountain_range)" title="Annapurna (mountain range)">Annapurna Fang</a>,  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">37：<a href="/wiki/Nanga_Parbat" title="Nanga Parbat">Silver Crag</a>,  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">38：<a href="/wiki/Kangbachen" title="Kangbachen">Kangbachen Southwest</a>,  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">39：<a href="/wiki/Gangkhar_Puensum" title="Gangkhar Puensum">Gangkhar Puensum (Gangkar Punsum)</a>,  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">40：<a href="/wiki/Annapurna_III" title="Annapurna III">Annapurna III</a>,  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">41：<a href="/wiki/Himalchuli" title="Himalchuli">Himalchuli West</a>,  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">42：<a href="/wiki/Annapurna_IV" title="Annapurna IV">Annapurna IV</a>,  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">43：<a href="/wiki/Kula_Kangri" title="Kula Kangri">Kula Kangri</a>,  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">44：<a href="/wiki/Liankang_Kangri" title="Liankang Kangri">Liankang Kangri (Gangkhar Puensum North, Liangkang Kangri)</a>,  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">45：<a href="/wiki/Ngadi_Chuli" title="Ngadi Chuli">Ngadi Chuli South</a>   </div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 300px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="300" data-height="200" data-zoom="10" data-lat="27.988333333333" data-lon="86.925277777778" data-overlays="["_03e037fd78270aa8fddaaf06ffad6324b9a92057"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/10/27.988333333333/86.925277777778/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,27.988333333333,86.925277777778,300x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Mount_Everest&revid=1275607748&groups=_03e037fd78270aa8fddaaf06ffad6324b9a92057" width="300" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,27.988333333333,86.925277777778,300x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Mount_Everest&revid=1275607748&groups=_03e037fd78270aa8fddaaf06ffad6324b9a92057 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Location on the border between <a href="/wiki/Koshi_Province" title="Koshi Province">Koshi Province</a>, Nepal and <a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Tibet Autonomous Region</a>, China</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Solukhumbu_District" title="Solukhumbu District">Solukhumbu District</a>, Koshi Province, Nepal;<a href="#cite_note-4">[3]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tingri_County" title="Tingri County">Tingri County</a>, Xigazê, Tibet Autonomous Region, China<a href="#cite_note-5">[note 2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Countries</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Mountain_range" title="Mountain range">Parent range</a></th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Mahalangur_Himal" title="Mahalangur Himal">Mahalangur Himal</a>, Himalayas</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;color:#000;">Climbing</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/First_ascent" title="First ascent">First ascent</a></th><td class="infobox-data">29 May 1953 <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Hillary" title="Edmund Hillary">Edmund Hillary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tenzing_Norgay" title="Tenzing Norgay">Tenzing Norgay</a> <a href="#cite_note-6">[note 3]</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_highest_mountains_on_Earth" title="List of highest mountains on Earth">Ranked 1st</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Normal_route" title="Normal route">Normal route</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/South_Col" title="South Col">Southeast ridge</a> (Nepal)</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1092331828">@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .contains-special-characters{width:22em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right contains-special-characters noprint selfref"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Example.of.complex.text.rendering.svg/40px-Example.of.complex.text.rendering.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Example.of.complex.text.rendering.svg/60px-Example.of.complex.text.rendering.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Example.of.complex.text.rendering.svg/80px-Example.of.complex.text.rendering.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="58" data-file-height="28" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">This article contains <a href="/wiki/Brahmic_scripts" title="Brahmic scripts">Indic text</a>. Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:Multilingual_support_(Indic)" title="Help:Multilingual support (Indic)">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Mojibake" title="Mojibake">question marks or boxes</a>, misplaced vowels or missing conjuncts instead of Indic text.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1092331828"><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right contains-special-characters noprint selfref"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Tibetan_wa_%2B_%28i%29.svg/40px-Tibetan_wa_%2B_%28i%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Tibetan_wa_%2B_%28i%29.svg/60px-Tibetan_wa_%2B_%28i%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Tibetan_wa_%2B_%28i%29.svg/80px-Tibetan_wa_%2B_%28i%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">This article contains <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibetan alphabet">Tibetan script</a>. Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:Multilingual_support_(Indic)" title="Help:Multilingual support (Indic)">rendering support</a>, you may see very small fonts, misplaced vowels or missing conjuncts instead of <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibetan alphabet">Tibetan characters</a>.</div></div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Everest_North_Face_toward_Base_Camp_Tibet_Luca_Galuzzi_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Everest_North_Face_toward_Base_Camp_Tibet_Luca_Galuzzi_2006.jpg/220px-Everest_North_Face_toward_Base_Camp_Tibet_Luca_Galuzzi_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Everest_North_Face_toward_Base_Camp_Tibet_Luca_Galuzzi_2006.jpg/330px-Everest_North_Face_toward_Base_Camp_Tibet_Luca_Galuzzi_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Everest_North_Face_toward_Base_Camp_Tibet_Luca_Galuzzi_2006.jpg/440px-Everest_North_Face_toward_Base_Camp_Tibet_Luca_Galuzzi_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1333" /></a><figcaption>North Face of Everest as seen from the path to <a href="/wiki/Everest_base_camps" title="Everest base camps">North Base Camp</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mount_Everest_morning.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Mount_Everest_morning.jpg/220px-Mount_Everest_morning.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Mount_Everest_morning.jpg/330px-Mount_Everest_morning.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Mount_Everest_morning.jpg/440px-Mount_Everest_morning.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1610" data-file-height="1610" /></a><figcaption>Everest and <a href="/wiki/Lhotse" title="Lhotse">Lhotse</a> from the south (Nepal): in the foreground are <a href="/wiki/Thamserku" title="Thamserku">Thamserku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kangtega" title="Kangtega">Kangtega</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ama_Dablam" title="Ama Dablam">Ama Dablam</a></figcaption></figure> Mount Everest, known locally as Sagarmatha or Qomolangma,<a href="#cite_note-7">[note 4]</a> is <a href="/wiki/List_of_highest_mountains_on_Earth" title="List of highest mountains on Earth">Earth's highest mountain</a> above <a href="/wiki/Sea_level" title="Sea level">sea level</a>, located in the <a href="/wiki/Mahalangur_Himal" title="Mahalangur Himal">Mahalangur Himal</a> sub-range of the <a href="/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayas</a>. The <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Nepal_border" title="China–Nepal border">China–Nepal border</a> runs across its <a href="/wiki/Summit" title="Summit">summit point</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Bishart-8">[4]</a> Its elevation (<a href="/wiki/Summit#Snow_height" title="Summit">snow height</a>) of <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>8,848.86 m (29,031 ft 8+1⁄2 in) was most recently established in 2020 by the Chinese and Nepali authorities.<a href="#cite_note-9">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-LiveScience-10">[6]</a> Mount Everest attracts many climbers, including highly experienced mountaineers. There are two main climbing routes, one approaching the summit from the southeast in Nepal (known as the standard route) and the other from the north in <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a>. While not posing substantial technical climbing challenges on the standard route, Everest presents dangers such as <a href="/wiki/Altitude_sickness" title="Altitude sickness">altitude sickness</a>, weather, and wind, as well as hazards from <a href="/wiki/Avalanche" title="Avalanche">avalanches</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Khumbu_Icefall" title="Khumbu Icefall">Khumbu Icefall</a>. As of May 2024, 340 people have <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_who_died_climbing_Mount_Everest" title="List of people who died climbing Mount Everest">died on Everest</a>. Over 200 bodies remain on the mountain and have not been removed due to the dangerous conditions.<a href="#cite_note-Climber_News-11">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-Nuwer-12">[8]</a> Climbers typically ascend only part of Mount Everest's elevation, as the mountain's full elevation is measured from the <a href="/wiki/Geoid" title="Geoid">geoid</a>, which approximates <a href="/wiki/Sea_level" title="Sea level">sea level</a>. The closest sea to Mount Everest's summit is the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal" title="Bay of Bengal">Bay of Bengal</a>, almost 700 km (430 mi) away. To approximate a climb of the entire height of Mount Everest, one would need to start from this coastline, a feat accomplished by <a href="/wiki/Tim_Macartney-Snape" title="Tim Macartney-Snape">Tim Macartney-Snape's team</a> in 1990. Climbers usually begin their ascent from base camps above 5,000 m (16,404 ft). The amount of elevation climbed from below these camps varies. On the Tibetan side, most climbers drive directly to the <a href="/wiki/Everest_base_camps" title="Everest base camps">North Base Camp</a>. On the Nepalese side, climbers generally fly into <a href="/wiki/Kathmandu" title="Kathmandu">Kathmandu</a>, then <a href="/wiki/Lukla" title="Lukla">Lukla</a>, and trek to the <a href="/wiki/Everest_base_camps" title="Everest base camps">South Base Camp</a>, making the climb from <a href="/wiki/Lukla" title="Lukla">Lukla</a> to the summit about 6,000 m (19,685 ft) in elevation gain. The first recorded efforts to reach Everest's summit were made by British <a href="/wiki/Mountaineering" title="Mountaineering">mountaineers</a>. As Nepal did not allow foreigners to enter the country at the time, the British made several attempts on the north ridge route from the Tibetan side. After the first <a href="/wiki/1921_British_Mount_Everest_reconnaissance_expedition" title="1921 British Mount Everest reconnaissance expedition">reconnaissance expedition by the British in 1921</a> reached 7,000 m (22,970 ft) on the <a href="/wiki/North_Col" title="North Col">North Col</a>, the <a href="/wiki/1922_British_Mount_Everest_expedition" title="1922 British Mount Everest expedition">1922 expedition</a> pushed the north ridge route up to 8,320 m (27,300 ft), marking the first time a human had climbed above 8,000 m (26,247 ft). The <a href="/wiki/1924_British_Mount_Everest_expedition" title="1924 British Mount Everest expedition">1924 expedition</a> resulted in one of the greatest mysteries on Everest to this day: <a href="/wiki/George_Mallory" title="George Mallory">George Mallory</a> and <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Irvine_(mountaineer)" title="Andrew Irvine (mountaineer)">Andrew Irvine</a> made a final summit attempt on 8 June but never returned, sparking debate as to whether they were the first to reach the top. <a href="/wiki/Tenzing_Norgay" title="Tenzing Norgay">Tenzing Norgay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Hillary" title="Edmund Hillary">Edmund Hillary</a> made the <a href="/wiki/1953_British_Mount_Everest_expedition" title="1953 British Mount Everest expedition">first documented ascent of Everest in 1953</a>, using the southeast ridge route. Norgay had reached 8,595 m (28,199 ft) the previous year as a member of the <a href="/wiki/1952_Swiss_Mount_Everest_expedition" title="1952 Swiss Mount Everest expedition">1952 Swiss expedition</a>. The Chinese mountaineering team of <a href="/wiki/Wang_Fuzhou" title="Wang Fuzhou">Wang Fuzhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gongbu_(mountaineer)" title="Gongbu (mountaineer)">Gonpo</a>, and Qu Yinhua made the first reported <a href="/wiki/1960_Chinese_Mount_Everest_expedition" title="1960 Chinese Mount Everest expedition">ascent of the peak from the north ridge</a> on 25 May 1960.<a href="#cite_note-NorthRidge-13">[9]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%22Papers_relating_to_the_Himalaya_and_Mount_Everest%22_in_Proceedings_of_the_Royal_Geographical_Society_of_London,_Vol._I_(1857),_p._346.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/%22Papers_relating_to_the_Himalaya_and_Mount_Everest%22_in_Proceedings_of_the_Royal_Geographical_Society_of_London%2C_Vol._I_%281857%29%2C_p._346.jpg/220px-%22Papers_relating_to_the_Himalaya_and_Mount_Everest%22_in_Proceedings_of_the_Royal_Geographical_Society_of_London%2C_Vol._I_%281857%29%2C_p._346.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/%22Papers_relating_to_the_Himalaya_and_Mount_Everest%22_in_Proceedings_of_the_Royal_Geographical_Society_of_London%2C_Vol._I_%281857%29%2C_p._346.jpg/330px-%22Papers_relating_to_the_Himalaya_and_Mount_Everest%22_in_Proceedings_of_the_Royal_Geographical_Society_of_London%2C_Vol._I_%281857%29%2C_p._346.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/%22Papers_relating_to_the_Himalaya_and_Mount_Everest%22_in_Proceedings_of_the_Royal_Geographical_Society_of_London%2C_Vol._I_%281857%29%2C_p._346.jpg/440px-%22Papers_relating_to_the_Himalaya_and_Mount_Everest%22_in_Proceedings_of_the_Royal_Geographical_Society_of_London%2C_Vol._I_%281857%29%2C_p._346.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2484" data-file-height="1863" /></a><figcaption>The name "Mount Everest" was first proposed in this 1856 speech, later published in 1857, in which the mountain was first confirmed as the world's highest.</figcaption></figure> Mount Everest's <a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> name is Sagarmāthā (<a href="/wiki/International_Alphabet_of_Sanskrit_Transliteration" title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration">IAST</a> transcription) or Sagar-Matha<a href="#cite_note-Sagar-Matha:_Nepal3-14">[10]</a> (सगर-माथा, <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nepali" title="Help:IPA/Nepali">[sʌɡʌrmatʰa]</a>, lit. "goddess of the sky"<a href="#cite_note-Krakauer-19973-15">[11]</a>),<a href="#cite_note-Unsworth5843-16">[12]</a> which means "the head in the great blue sky", being derived from सगर (sagar), meaning "sky", and माथा (māthā), meaning "head".<a href="#cite_note-17">[13]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Classical_Tibetan" title="Classical Tibetan">Tibetan</a> name for Everest is Qomolangma (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%BD%87%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B3%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98" class="extiw" title="wikt:ཇོ་མོ་གླང་མ">ཇོ་མོ་གླང་མ</a>, lit. "holy mother"). The name was first recorded (in a Chinese transcription) in the 1721 Kangxi Atlas, issued during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Qing_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Qing China">Qing</a> <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Kangxi" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Kangxi">Emperor Kangxi</a>; it first appeared in the West in 1733 as Tchoumour Lancma, on a map prepared by the French geographer <a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Bourguignon_d%27Anville" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d'Anville">D'Anville</a> and based on Kangxi Atlas.<a href="#cite_note-18">[14]</a> The Tibetan name is also popularly romanised as Chomolungma and (in <a href="/wiki/Wylie_transliteration" title="Wylie transliteration">Wylie</a>) as Jo-mo-glang-ma.<a href="#cite_note-23">[19]</a> The official <a href="/wiki/Transcription_into_Chinese_characters" title="Transcription into Chinese characters">Chinese transcription</a> is <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%8F%A0%E7%A9%86%E6%9C%97%E7%8E%9B%E5%B3%B0" class="extiw" title="wikt:珠穆朗玛峰">珠穆朗玛峰</a> (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_characters" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional characters">t</a> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%8F%A0%E7%A9%86%E6%9C%97%E7%91%AA%E5%B3%B0" class="extiw" title="wikt:珠穆朗瑪峰">珠穆朗瑪峰</a>), or Zhūmùlǎngmǎ Fēng in <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>. While other Chinese names have been used historically, including Shèngmǔ Fēng (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_characters" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional characters">t</a> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%81%96%E6%AF%8D%E5%B3%B0" class="extiw" title="wikt:聖母峰">聖母峰</a>, <a href="/wiki/Simplified_characters" class="mw-redirect" title="Simplified characters">s</a> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E6%AF%8D%E5%B3%B0" class="extiw" title="wikt:圣母峰">圣母峰</a>, lit. "holy mother peak"), these names were largely phased out after the Chinese <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Civil_Affairs" title="Ministry of Civil Affairs">Ministry of Internal Affairs</a> issued a decree to adopt a sole name in May 1952.<a href="#cite_note-24">[20]</a> The British geographic survey of 1849 attempted to preserve local names when possible (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Kangchenjunga" title="Kangchenjunga">Kangchenjunga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dhaulagiri" title="Dhaulagiri">Dhaulagiri</a>.) However, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Scott_Waugh" title="Andrew Scott Waugh">Andrew Waugh</a>, the British <a href="/wiki/Surveyor_General_of_India" title="Surveyor General of India">Surveyor General of India</a>, claimed that he could not find a commonly used local name, and that his search for one had been hampered by the Nepalese and Tibetan policy of exclusion of foreigners. Waugh argued that – because there were many local names – it would be difficult to favour one name over all others; he therefore decided that Peak XV should be named after British surveyor <a href="/wiki/George_Everest" title="George Everest">Sir George Everest</a>, his predecessor as Surveyor General of India.<a href="#cite_note-everest_bwp70-25">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-26">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-rgs1857-27">[23]</a> Everest himself opposed the honor, and told the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Geographical_Society" title="Royal Geographical Society">Royal Geographical Society</a> in 1857 that "Everest" could neither be written in <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> nor pronounced by "<a href="/wiki/Indian_people" title="Indian people">the native of India</a>". Despite Everest's objections, Waugh's proposed name prevailed, and the Royal Geographical Society officially adopted the name "Mount Everest" in 1865.<a href="#cite_note-everest_bwp70-25">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[24]</a> The modern pronunciation of Everest (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈɛvərɪst/</a>)<a href="#cite_note-29">[25]</a> is different from Sir George's pronunciation of his surname (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈiːvrɪst/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">EEV-rist</a>).<a href="#cite_note-30">[26]</a> In the late 19th century, many European <a href="/wiki/Cartography" title="Cartography">cartographers</a> incorrectly believed that a native name for the mountain was <a href="/wiki/Gaurishankar" title="Gaurishankar">Gaurishankar</a>, a mountain between <a href="/wiki/Kathmandu" title="Kathmandu">Kathmandu</a> and Everest.<a href="#cite_note-Waddell-31">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_names">Other names</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gaurisankar_1890.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Gaurisankar_1890.jpg/220px-Gaurisankar_1890.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Gaurisankar_1890.jpg/330px-Gaurisankar_1890.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Gaurisankar_1890.jpg/440px-Gaurisankar_1890.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4773" data-file-height="2307" /></a><figcaption>1890 graphic with the Himalayas, including Gaurisankar (Mount Everest) in the distance</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>"Peak XV" (temporary, assigned by British Imperial Survey)<a href="#cite_note-everest_bwp70-25">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-26">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-rgs1857-27">[23]</a></li> <li>"Deodungha"<a href="#cite_note-five-32">[28]</a> (Old Darjeeling)</li> <li>"Gauri Shankar", "Gaurishankar", or "Gaurisankar" (misattribution; used occasionally until about 1900. In modern times the name is used for <a href="/wiki/Gaurishankar" title="Gaurishankar">a different peak</a> about 30 miles (48 kilometres) away.<a href="#cite_note-Ahluwalia1978-33">[29]</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Surveys">Surveys</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_century">19th century</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MountEverestRelief.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/MountEverestRelief.png/330px-MountEverestRelief.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/MountEverestRelief.png/495px-MountEverestRelief.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/MountEverestRelief.png/660px-MountEverestRelief.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="620" /></a><figcaption>Mount Everest <a href="/wiki/Cartographic_relief_depiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Cartographic relief depiction">relief map</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tibetan_Plateau_and_Mount_Everest.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Tibetan_Plateau_and_Mount_Everest.png/220px-Tibetan_Plateau_and_Mount_Everest.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Tibetan_Plateau_and_Mount_Everest.png/330px-Tibetan_Plateau_and_Mount_Everest.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Tibetan_Plateau_and_Mount_Everest.png/440px-Tibetan_Plateau_and_Mount_Everest.png 2x" data-file-width="1063" data-file-height="650" /></a><figcaption>Profiles of the full elevation of Mount Everest</figcaption></figure> In 1802, the British began the <a href="/wiki/Great_Trigonometrical_Survey" title="Great Trigonometrical Survey">Great Trigonometrical Survey</a> of India to fix the locations, heights, and names of the world's highest mountains. Starting in southern India, the survey teams moved northward using giant <a href="/wiki/Theodolite" title="Theodolite">theodolites</a>, each weighing 500 kg (1,100 lb) and requiring 12 men to carry, to measure heights as accurately as possible. They reached the Himalayan foothills by the 1830s, but <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Nepal" title="Kingdom of Nepal">Nepal</a> was unwilling to allow the British to enter the country due to suspicions of their intentions. Several requests by the surveyors to enter Nepal were denied.<a href="#cite_note-everest_bwp70-25">[21]</a> The British were forced to continue their observations from <a href="/wiki/Terai" title="Terai">Terai</a>, a region south of Nepal which is parallel to the Himalayas. Conditions in Terai were difficult because of torrential rains and <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a>. Three survey officers died from malaria while two others had to retire because of failing health.<a href="#cite_note-everest_bwp70-25">[21]</a> Nonetheless, in 1847, the British continued the survey and began detailed observations of the Himalayan peaks from observation stations up to 240 km (150 mi) distant. Weather restricted work to the last three months of the year. In November 1847, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Scott_Waugh" title="Andrew Scott Waugh">Andrew Scott Waugh</a>, the British <a href="/wiki/Surveyor_General_of_India" title="Surveyor General of India">Surveyor General of India</a>, made several observations from the Sawajpore station at the east end of the Himalayas. <a href="/wiki/Kangchenjunga" title="Kangchenjunga">Kangchenjunga</a> was then <a href="/wiki/List_of_past_presumed_highest_mountains" title="List of past presumed highest mountains">considered the highest peak in the world</a>, and with interest, he noted a peak beyond it, about 230 km (140 mi) away. John Armstrong, one of Waugh's subordinates, also saw the peak from a site farther west and called it peak "b". Waugh would later write that the observations indicated that peak "b" was higher than Kangchenjunga, but closer observations were required for verification. The following year, Waugh sent a survey official back to Terai to make closer observations of peak "b", but clouds thwarted his attempts.<a href="#cite_note-everest_bwp70-25">[21]</a> In 1849, Waugh dispatched James Nicolson to the area, who made two observations from Jirol, 190 km (120 mi) away. Nicolson then took the largest <a href="/wiki/Theodolite" title="Theodolite">theodolite</a> and headed east, obtaining over 30 observations from five different locations, with the closest being 174 km (108 mi) from the peak.<a href="#cite_note-everest_bwp70-25">[21]</a> Nicolson retreated to <a href="/wiki/Patna" title="Patna">Patna</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Ganges" title="Ganges">Ganges</a> to perform the necessary calculations based on his observations. His raw data gave an average height of 9,200 m (30,200 ft) for peak "b", but this did not consider <a href="/wiki/Light_refraction" class="mw-redirect" title="Light refraction">light refraction</a>, which distorts heights. However, the number clearly indicated that peak "b" was higher than Kangchenjunga. Nicolson contracted malaria and was forced to return home without finishing his calculations. Michael Hennessy, one of Waugh's assistants, had begun designating peaks based on <a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">Roman numerals</a>, with Kangchenjunga named Peak IX. Peak "b" now became known as Peak XV.<a href="#cite_note-everest_bwp70-25">[21]</a> In 1852, stationed at the survey headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Dehradun" title="Dehradun">Dehradun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radhanath_Sikdar" title="Radhanath Sikdar">Radhanath Sikdar</a>, an Indian mathematician and surveyor from <a href="/wiki/Bengal" title="Bengal">Bengal</a> was the first to identify Everest as the world's highest peak, using <a href="/wiki/Trigonometry" title="Trigonometry">trigonometric</a> calculations based on Nicolson's measurements.<a href="#cite_note-BBC_mwde-34">[30]</a> An official announcement that Peak XV was the highest was delayed for several years as the calculations were repeatedly verified. Waugh began work on Nicolson's data in 1854, and along with his staff spent almost two years working on the numbers, having to deal with the problems of light refraction, barometric pressure, and temperature over the vast distances of the observations. Finally, in March 1856 he announced his findings in a letter to his deputy in <a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Calcutta</a>. Kangchenjunga was declared to be 8,582 m (28,156 ft), while Peak XV was given the height of 8,840 m (29,002 ft). Waugh concluded that Peak XV was "most probably the highest in the world".<a href="#cite_note-everest_bwp70-25">[21]</a> Peak XV (measured in feet) was calculated to be exactly 29,000 ft (8,839.2 m) high, but was publicly declared to be 29,002 ft (8,839.8 m) in order to avoid the impression that an exact height of 29,000 feet (8,839.2 m) was nothing more than a rounded estimate.<a href="#cite_note-tas1982-35">[31]</a> Waugh is sometimes playfully credited with being "the first person to put two feet on top of Mount Everest".<a href="#cite_note-36">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CH-NP_79-80_Bdy_Map50.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/CH-NP_79-80_Bdy_Map50.jpg/220px-CH-NP_79-80_Bdy_Map50.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/CH-NP_79-80_Bdy_Map50.jpg/330px-CH-NP_79-80_Bdy_Map50.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/CH-NP_79-80_Bdy_Map50.jpg/440px-CH-NP_79-80_Bdy_Map50.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3216" data-file-height="1964" /></a><figcaption>Published by the Survey of <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>, this is Map 50 of the 57 map set at 1:50,000 scale "attached to the main text on the First Joint Inspection Survey, 1979–80, <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>-China border." At the top centre, a boundary line, identified as separating "China" and "Nepal", passes through the summit contour. The boundary here and for much of the <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Nepal_border" title="China–Nepal border">China–Nepal border</a> follows the main Himalayan watershed divide.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ISS004E8852_everest.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/ISS004E8852_everest.jpg/220px-ISS004E8852_everest.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/ISS004E8852_everest.jpg/330px-ISS004E8852_everest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/ISS004E8852_everest.jpg/440px-ISS004E8852_everest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="405" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kangshung_Face" title="Kangshung Face">Kangshung Face (the east face)</a> as seen from orbit</figcaption></figure> In 1856, Andrew Waugh announced Everest (then known as Peak XV) as 8,840 m (29,002 ft) high, after several years of calculations based on observations made by the <a href="/wiki/Great_Trigonometrical_Survey" title="Great Trigonometrical Survey">Great Trigonometrical Survey</a>.<a href="#cite_note-37">[33]</a> From 1952 to 1954, the <a href="/wiki/Survey_of_India" title="Survey of India">Survey of India</a>, using <a href="/wiki/Triangulation" title="Triangulation">triangulation</a> methods, determined that the height of Everest was 8,847.73 m (29,028 ft).<a href="#cite_note-everest-height-1952-1954-38">[34]</a> In 1975 it was subsequently reaffirmed by a Chinese measurement of 8,848.13 m (29,029.30 ft).<a href="#cite_note-ABC_au-39">[35]</a> In both cases the snow cap, not the rock head, was measured. The 8,848 m (29,029 ft) height given was officially recognised by Nepal and China.<a href="#cite_note-40">[36]</a> Nepal planned a new survey in 2019 to determine if the <a href="/wiki/April_2015_Nepal_earthquake" title="April 2015 Nepal earthquake">April 2015 Nepal earthquake</a> affected the height of the mountain.<a href="#cite_note-41">[37]</a> In May 1999, an American Everest expedition directed by <a href="/wiki/Bradford_Washburn" title="Bradford Washburn">Bradford Washburn</a> anchored a <a href="/wiki/Global_Positioning_System" title="Global Positioning System">GPS</a> unit into the highest bedrock. A rock head elevation of 8,850 m (29,035 ft), and a snow/ice elevation 1 m (3 ft) higher, were obtained via this device.<a href="#cite_note-alpres-42">[38]</a> Although as of 2001, it has not been officially recognised by Nepal,<a href="#cite_note-43">[39]</a> this figure is widely quoted. <a href="/wiki/Geoid" title="Geoid">Geoid</a> uncertainty casts doubt upon the accuracy claimed by both the 1999 and 2005 (see <a href="#21st-century_surveys">§ 21st-century surveys</a>) surveys.<a href="#cite_note-44">[40]</a> In 1955, a detailed <a href="/wiki/Photogrammetry" title="Photogrammetry">photogrammetric</a> map (at a scale of 1:50,000) of the <a href="/wiki/Khumbu" title="Khumbu">Khumbu</a> region, including the south side of Mount Everest, was made by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erwin_Schneider&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erwin Schneider (page does not exist)">Erwin Schneider</a> as part of the 1955 International Himalayan Expedition, which also attempted <a href="/wiki/Lhotse" title="Lhotse">Lhotse</a>. In the late 1980s, an even more detailed <a href="/wiki/Topography" title="Topography">topographic</a> map of the Everest area was made under the direction of Bradford Washburn, using extensive <a href="/wiki/Aerial_photography" title="Aerial photography">aerial photography</a>.<a href="#cite_note-washburn_map-45">[41]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3></div> On 9 October 2005, after several months of measurement and calculation, the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Chinese Academy of Sciences">Chinese Academy of Sciences</a> and State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping announced the height of Everest as 8,844.43 m (29,017.16 ft) with accuracy of ±0.21 m (8.3 in), claiming it was the most accurate and precise measurement to date.<a href="#cite_note-Junyong_Yanping_Janli_Chunxi_2010_pp._122–131-46">[42]</a> This height is based on the highest point of rock and not the snow and ice covering it. The Chinese team measured a snow-ice depth of 3.5 m (11 ft),<a href="#cite_note-ABC_au-39">[35]</a> which is in agreement with a net elevation of 8,848 m (29,029 ft). An argument arose between China and Nepal as to whether the official height should be the rock height (8,844 m, China) or the snow height (8,848 m, Nepal). In 2010, both sides agreed that the height of Everest is 8,848 m, and Nepal recognises China's claim that the rock height of Everest is 8,844 m.<a href="#cite_note-47">[43]</a> On 8 December 2020, it was jointly announced by the two countries that the new official height is 8,848.86 metres (29,031.7 ft).<a href="#cite_note-48">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-dec_2020_height-49">[45]</a> It is thought that the <a href="/wiki/Plate_tectonics" title="Plate tectonics">plate tectonics</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Main_Himalayan_Thrust" title="Main Himalayan Thrust">Main Himalayan Thrust</a> and related faults, which form the <a href="/wiki/Convergent_boundary" title="Convergent boundary">convergent boundary</a> between the <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurasian Plate">Eurasian Plate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indian_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Plate">Indian Plate</a>, are adding to the height and moving the summit northeastwards. Two accounts suggest the rates of change are 4 mm (0.16 in) per year vertically and 3 to 6 mm (0.12 to 0.24 in) per year horizontally,<a href="#cite_note-alpres-42">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[46]</a> but another account mentions more lateral movement (27 mm or 1.1 in),<a href="#cite_note-51">[47]</a> and even shrinkage has been suggested.<a href="#cite_note-52">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comparisons">Comparisons</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a more comprehensive list, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_highest_mountains_on_Earth" title="List of highest mountains on Earth">List of highest mountains on Earth</a>.</div> The summit of Everest is the point at which Earth's surface reaches the greatest distance <a href="/wiki/Above_sea_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Above sea level">above sea level</a>. Several other mountains are sometimes claimed to be the "tallest mountains on Earth". <a href="/wiki/Mauna_Kea" title="Mauna Kea">Mauna Kea</a> in Hawaii is tallest when measured from its base;<a href="#cite_note-base-53">[note 5]</a> it rises over 10,200 m (33,464.6 ft) from its base on the mid-ocean floor, but only attains 4,205 m (13,796 ft) above sea level. By the same measure of base to summit, <a href="/wiki/Denali" title="Denali">Denali</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>, officially known as Mount McKinley, is taller than Everest as well.<a href="#cite_note-base-53">[note 5]</a> Despite its height above sea level of only 6,190 m (20,308 ft), Denali sits atop a sloping plain with elevations from 300 to 900 m (980 to 2,950 ft), yielding a height above base in the range of 5,300 to 5,900 m (17,400 to 19,400 ft); a commonly quoted figure is 5,600 m (18,400 ft).<a href="#cite_note-54">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[50]</a> By comparison, reasonable base elevations for Everest range from 4,200 m (13,800 ft) on the south side to 5,200 m (17,100 ft) on the <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Plateau" title="Tibetan Plateau">Tibetan Plateau</a>, yielding a height above base in the range of 3,650 to 4,650 m (11,980 to 15,260 ft).<a href="#cite_note-washburn_map-45">[41]</a> The summit of <a href="/wiki/Chimborazo" title="Chimborazo">Chimborazo</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a> is 2,168 m (7,113 ft) farther from Earth's centre (6,384.4 km, 3,967.1 mi) than that of Everest (6,382.3 km, 3,965.8 mi), because the Earth bulges at the equator.<a href="#cite_note-Robert_Krulwich-56">[51]</a> This is despite Chimborazo having a peak of 6,268 m (20,564.3 ft) above sea level versus Mount Everest's 8,848 m (29,028.9 ft). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Context_and_maps">Context and maps</h3></div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:808px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><a href="/wiki/File:Everest-3D-Map-Type-EN.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="3D rendering of Mount Everest and surrounding terrain"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Everest-3D-Map-Type-EN.jpg/800px-Everest-3D-Map-Type-EN.jpg" decoding="async" width="800" height="600" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Everest-3D-Map-Type-EN.jpg/1200px-Everest-3D-Map-Type-EN.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Everest-3D-Map-Type-EN.jpg/1600px-Everest-3D-Map-Type-EN.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="3750" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Everest-3D-Map-Type-EN.jpg" title="File:Everest-3D-Map-Type-EN.jpg"> </a></div>3D rendering of Mount Everest and surrounding terrain</div></div></div> Nearby peaks include <a href="/wiki/Lhotse" title="Lhotse">Lhotse</a>, 8,516 m (27,940 ft); <a href="/wiki/Nuptse" title="Nuptse">Nuptse</a>, 7,855 m (25,771 ft), and <a href="/wiki/Changtse" title="Changtse">Changtse</a>, 7,580 m (24,870 ft) among others. Another nearby peak is <a href="/wiki/Khumbutse" title="Khumbutse">Khumbutse</a>, and many of the highest mountains in the world are near Mount Everest. On the southwest side, a major feature in the lower areas is the <a href="/wiki/Khumbu_Glacier" title="Khumbu Glacier">Khumbu icefall and glacier</a>, an obstacle to climbers on those routes but also to the base camps. <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right:auto; height:auto; width:99%; max-width:608px;"> <div class="thumbinner"><div class="overflowbugx" style="overflow:auto;height:399px;"><figure class="mw-halign-none noresize mw-ext-imagemap-desc-bottom-left" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Himalaya_annotated.jpg/600px-Himalaya_annotated.jpg" decoding="async" width="600" height="397" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Himalaya_annotated.jpg/900px-Himalaya_annotated.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/Himalaya_annotated.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="662" usemap="#ImageMap_59b8f3db9d79cc37" resource="/wiki/File:Himalaya_annotated.jpg" /><map name="ImageMap_59b8f3db9d79cc37"><area href="/wiki/Chomo_Lonzo" shape="rect" coords="35,8,96,29,35,8,96,29,35,8,96,29" alt="Chomo Lonzo" title="Chomo Lonzo" /><area href="/wiki/Makalu" shape="rect" coords="120,17,201,31" alt="Makalu" title="Makalu" /><area href="/wiki/Everest" shape="rect" coords="227,14,340,27" alt="Everest" title="Everest" /><area href="/wiki/Tibetan_Plateau" shape="rect" coords="113,349,552,394" alt="Tibetan Plateau" title="Tibetan Plateau" /><area href="/wiki/Rong_River_(Tibet)" shape="rect" coords="150,244,204,256" alt="Rong River (Tibet)" title="Rong River (Tibet)" /><area href="/wiki/Changtse" shape="rect" coords="200,89,245,112" alt="Changtse" title="Changtse" /><area href="/wiki/Rongbuk_Glacier" shape="rect" coords="330,170,406,182" alt="Rongbuk Glacier" title="Rongbuk Glacier" /><area href="/wiki/North_Face_(Everest)" shape="rect" coords="287,118,342,131" alt="North Face (Everest)" title="North Face (Everest)" /><area href="/wiki/East_Rongbuk_Glacier" shape="rect" coords="142,139,208,160" alt="East Rongbuk Glacier" title="East Rongbuk Glacier" /><area href="/wiki/North_Col_north_ridge_route" shape="rect" coords="188,174,322,185" alt="North Col north ridge route" title="North Col north ridge route" /><area href="/wiki/Lhotse" shape="rect" coords="319,47,398,63" alt="Lhotse" title="Lhotse" /><area href="/wiki/Nuptse" shape="rect" coords="349,67,427,78" alt="Nuptse" title="Nuptse" /><area href="/wiki/South_Col" shape="rect" coords="362,139,440,152" alt="South Col route" title="South Col route" /><area href="/wiki/Gyachung_Kang" shape="rect" coords="430,99,503,124" alt="Gyachung Kang" title="Gyachung Kang" /><area href="/wiki/Cho_Oyu" shape="rect" coords="529,88,580,110" alt="Cho Oyu" title="Cho Oyu" /><area href="/wiki/File:Himalaya_annotated.jpg" shape="rect" coords="1,1,599,397" alt="File:Himalaya annotated.jpg" title="File:Himalaya annotated.jpg" /></map><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div><div class="thumbcaption">Southern and northern climbing routes as seen from the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a> (The names on the photo are links to corresponding pages.)</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geology">Geology</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EverestfromKalarPatarcrop.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/EverestfromKalarPatarcrop.JPG/220px-EverestfromKalarPatarcrop.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/EverestfromKalarPatarcrop.JPG/330px-EverestfromKalarPatarcrop.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/EverestfromKalarPatarcrop.JPG/440px-EverestfromKalarPatarcrop.JPG 2x" data-file-width="957" data-file-height="484" /></a><figcaption>Mount Everest with snow melted, showing upper geologic layers in bands</figcaption></figure> Geologists have subdivided the rocks comprising Mount Everest into three units called <a href="/wiki/Geologic_formation" class="mw-redirect" title="Geologic formation">formations</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Scientiav5-57">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-IslandArcv14-58">[53]</a> Each formation is separated from the other by low-angle <a href="/wiki/Fault_(geology)" title="Fault (geology)">faults</a>, called <a href="/wiki/Detachment_fault" title="Detachment fault">detachments</a>, along which they have been thrust southward over each other. From the summit of Mount Everest to its base these rock units are the Qomolangma Formation, the <a href="/wiki/North_Col" title="North Col">North Col</a> Formation, and the <a href="/wiki/Rongbuk_Glacier" title="Rongbuk Glacier">Rongbuk Formation</a>. The Qomolangma Formation, also known as the Jolmo Lungama Formation,<a href="#cite_note-Everest1953Geo-59">[54]</a> runs from the summit to the top of the Yellow Band, about 8,600 m (28,200 ft) above sea level. It consists of greyish to dark grey or white, parallel laminated and bedded, <a href="/wiki/Ordovician" title="Ordovician">Ordovician</a> limestone interlayered with subordinate beds of recrystallised <a href="/wiki/Dolomite_(rock)" title="Dolomite (rock)">dolomite</a> with <a href="/wiki/Argillaceous_minerals" class="mw-redirect" title="Argillaceous minerals">argillaceous</a> <a href="/wiki/Sediment" title="Sediment">laminae</a> and <a href="/wiki/Siltstone" title="Siltstone">siltstone</a>. Gansser first reported finding microscopic fragments of <a href="/wiki/Crinoid" title="Crinoid">crinoids</a> in this <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a>.<a href="#cite_note-60">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[56]</a> Later <a href="/wiki/Petrograph" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrograph">petrographic</a> analysis of samples of the limestone from near the summit revealed them to be composed of carbonate pellets and finely fragmented remains of <a href="/wiki/Trilobite" title="Trilobite">trilobites</a>, crinoids, and <a href="/wiki/Ostracods" class="mw-redirect" title="Ostracods">ostracods</a>. Other samples were so badly sheared and recrystallised that their original constituents could not be determined. A thick, white-weathering <a href="/wiki/Thrombolite" title="Thrombolite">thrombolite</a> bed that is 60 m (200 ft) thick comprises the foot of the "<a href="/wiki/Three_Steps" title="Three Steps">Third Step</a>", and base of the summit pyramid of Everest. This bed, which crops out starting about 70 m (230 ft) below the summit of Mount Everest, consists of sediments trapped, bound, and cemented by the biofilms of micro-organisms, especially <a href="/wiki/Cyanobacteria" title="Cyanobacteria">cyanobacteria</a>, in shallow marine waters. The Qomolangma Formation is broken up by several high-angle faults that terminate at the low angle <a href="/wiki/Normal_fault" class="mw-redirect" title="Normal fault">normal fault</a>, the Qomolangma Detachment. This detachment separates it from the underlying Yellow Band. The lower five metres of the Qomolangma Formation overlying this detachment are very highly deformed.<a href="#cite_note-Scientiav5-57">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-IslandArcv14-58">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-MyrowOthers2009-62">[57]</a> The bulk of Mount Everest, between 7,000 and 8,600 m (23,000 and 28,200 ft), consists of the <a href="/wiki/North_Col" title="North Col">North Col</a> Formation, of which the Yellow Band forms the upper part between 8,200 to 8,600 m (26,900 to 28,200 ft). The Yellow Band consists of <a href="/wiki/Intercalation_(geology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Intercalation (geology)">intercalated</a> beds of Middle Cambrian <a href="/wiki/Diopside" title="Diopside">diopside</a>-<a href="/wiki/Epidote" title="Epidote">epidote</a>-bearing <a href="/wiki/Marble" title="Marble">marble</a>, which weathers a distinctive yellowish brown, and <a href="/wiki/Muscovite" title="Muscovite">muscovite</a>-<a href="/wiki/Biotite" title="Biotite">biotite</a> phyllite and <a href="/wiki/Schist" title="Schist">semischist</a>. Petrographic analysis of marble collected from about 8,300 m (27,200 ft) found it to consist as much as five per cent of the ghosts of recrystallised crinoid ossicles. The upper five metres of the Yellow Band lying adjacent to the Qomolangma Detachment is badly deformed. A 5–40 cm (2.0–15.7 in) thick fault <a href="/wiki/Breccia" title="Breccia">breccia</a> separates it from the overlying Qomolangma Formation.<a href="#cite_note-Scientiav5-57">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-IslandArcv14-58">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-MyrowOthers2009-62">[57]</a> The remainder of the North Col Formation, exposed between 7,000 to 8,200 m (23,000 to 26,900 ft) on Mount Everest, consists of interlayered and deformed schist, <a href="/wiki/Phyllite" title="Phyllite">phyllite</a>, and minor marble. Between 7,600 and 8,200 m (24,900 and 26,900 ft), the North Col Formation consists chiefly of biotite-quartz phyllite and chlorite-biotite phyllite intercalated with minor amounts of biotite-<a href="/wiki/Sericite" title="Sericite">sericite</a>-quartz schist. Between 7,000 and 7,600 m (23,000 and 24,900 ft), the lower part of the North Col Formation consists of biotite-quartz schist intercalated with epidote-quartz schist, biotite-calcite-quartz schist, and thin layers of <a href="/wiki/Quartz" title="Quartz">quartzose</a> <a href="/wiki/Marble" title="Marble">marble</a>. These metamorphic rocks appear to be the result of the metamorphism of Middle to Early <a href="/wiki/Cambrian" title="Cambrian">Cambrian</a> deep sea <a href="/wiki/Flysch" title="Flysch">flysch</a> composed of interbedded, <a href="/wiki/Mudstone" title="Mudstone">mudstone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shale" title="Shale">shale</a>, clayey <a href="/wiki/Sandstone" title="Sandstone">sandstone</a>, calcareous sandstone, <a href="/wiki/Graywacke" class="mw-redirect" title="Graywacke">graywacke</a>, and sandy limestone. The base of the North Col Formation is a regional low-angle normal fault called the "Lhotse detachment".<a href="#cite_note-Scientiav5-57">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-IslandArcv14-58">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-MyrowOthers2009-62">[57]</a> Below 7,000 m (23,000 ft), the Rongbuk Formation underlies the North Col Formation and forms the base of Mount Everest. It consists of <a href="/wiki/Sillimanite" title="Sillimanite">sillimanite</a>-<a href="/wiki/K-feldspar" class="mw-redirect" title="K-feldspar">K-feldspar</a> grade schist and <a href="/wiki/Gneiss" title="Gneiss">gneiss</a> intruded by numerous <a href="/wiki/Sill_(geology)" title="Sill (geology)">sills</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dike_(geology)" title="Dike (geology)">dikes</a> of <a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">leucogranite</a> ranging in thickness from 1 cm to 1,500 m (0.4 in to 4,900 ft).<a href="#cite_note-IslandArcv14-58">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-Searle1999a-63">[58]</a> These leucogranites are part of a belt of Late <a href="/wiki/Oligocene" title="Oligocene">Oligocene</a>–<a href="/wiki/Miocene" title="Miocene">Miocene</a> intrusive rocks known as the Higher Himalayan leucogranite. They formed as the result of partial melting of <a href="/wiki/Paleoproterozoic" title="Paleoproterozoic">Paleoproterozoic</a> to Ordovician high-grade metasedimentary rocks of the Higher Himalayan Sequence about 20 to 24 million years ago during the subduction of the Indian Plate.<a href="#cite_note-GuoOthers2012-64">[59]</a> Mount Everest consists of <a href="/wiki/Sedimentary_rock" title="Sedimentary rock">sedimentary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Metamorphic_rock" title="Metamorphic rock">metamorphic</a> rocks that have been faulted southward over continental crust composed of Archean granulites of the Indian Plate <a href="/wiki/Geology_of_the_Himalaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Geology of the Himalaya">during the Cenozoic collision of India with Asia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pbs_nature-65">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-USGS-66">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[62]</a> Current interpretations argue that the Qomolangma and North Col formations consist of marine sediments that accumulated within the continental shelf of the northern passive continental margin of India before it collided with Asia. The Cenozoic collision of India with Asia subsequently deformed and metamorphosed these strata as it thrust them southward and upward.<a href="#cite_note-MyrowOthers2003a-68">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-MyrowOthers2012a-69">[64]</a> The Rongbuk Formation consists of a sequence of high-grade metamorphic and granitic rocks that were derived from the alteration of high-grade metasedimentary rocks. During the collision of India with Asia, these rocks were thrust downward and to the north as they were overridden by other strata; heated, metamorphosed, and partially melted at depths of over 15 to 20 kilometres (9.3 to 12.4 mi) below sea level; and then forced upward to surface by thrusting towards the south between two major detachments.<a href="#cite_note-Searle2012a-70">[65]</a> Mount Everest is rising by about 2 mm per year.<a href="#cite_note-HanOthers2024-71">[66]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="IUGS_geological_heritage_site">IUGS geological heritage site</h3></div> In respect of the recognition of the "highest rocks on the planet" as fossiliferous, marine limestone, the Ordovician Rocks of Mount Everest were included by the <a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Geological_Sciences" title="International Union of Geological Sciences">International Union of Geological Sciences</a> (IUGS) in its assemblage of 100 geological heritage sites around the world in a listing published in October 2022. The organisation defines an IUGS Geological Heritage Site as "a key place with geological elements and/or processes of international scientific relevance, used as a reference, and/or with a substantial contribution to the development of geological sciences through history."<a href="#cite_note-72">[67]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Flora_and_fauna">Flora and fauna</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yak_at_third_lake_in_Gokyo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Yak_at_third_lake_in_Gokyo.jpg/220px-Yak_at_third_lake_in_Gokyo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Yak_at_third_lake_in_Gokyo.jpg/330px-Yak_at_third_lake_in_Gokyo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Yak_at_third_lake_in_Gokyo.jpg/440px-Yak_at_third_lake_in_Gokyo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="420" /></a><figcaption>A yak at around 4,790 m (15,720 ft)</figcaption></figure> There is very little native flora or fauna on Everest. A type of <a href="/wiki/Moss" title="Moss">moss</a> grows at 6,480 metres (21,260 ft) on Mount Everest and it may be the highest altitude plant species.<a href="#cite_note-plants-73">[68]</a> An alpine cushion plant called <a href="/wiki/Arenaria_(plant)" title="Arenaria (plant)">Arenaria</a> is known to grow below 5,500 metres (18,000 ft) in the region.<a href="#cite_note-autumn-74">[69]</a> According to the study based on satellite data from 1993 to 2018, vegetation is expanding in the Everest region. Researchers have found plants in areas that were previously deemed bare.<a href="#cite_note-75">[70]</a> A minute black <a href="/wiki/Jumping_spider" title="Jumping spider">jumping spider</a> of the genus <a href="/wiki/Euophrys" title="Euophrys">Euophrys</a> has been found at elevations as high as 6,700 metres (22,000 ft),<a href="#cite_note-wanless-76">[71]</a> possibly making it the highest confirmed non-microscopic permanent resident on Earth. Another Euophrys species, <a href="/w/index.php?title=E._everestensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="E. everestensis (page does not exist)">E. everestensis</a>, has been found at 5,030 metres (16,500 ft), and may feed on insects that have been blown there by the wind.<a href="#cite_note-wanless-76">[71]</a> There is a high likelihood of microscopic life at even higher altitudes. The <a href="/wiki/Bar-headed_goose" title="Bar-headed goose">bar-headed goose</a> migrates over the Himalayas and have been seen flying at the higher altitudes of the mountain.<a href="#cite_note-his7-77">[72]</a> In 1953, George Lowe (part of the expedition of Tenzing and Hillary) said that he saw bar-headed geese flying over Everest's summit.<a href="#cite_note-78">[73]</a> Another bird species, the <a href="/wiki/Chough" title="Chough">chough</a>, have been spotted as high as the <a href="/wiki/South_Col" title="South Col">South Col</a> at 7,920 metres (25,980 ft)<a href="#cite_note-jhunt-79">[74]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yellow-billed_chough" class="mw-redirect" title="Yellow-billed chough">yellow-billed choughs</a> have been seen as high as 7,900 metres (26,000 ft).<a href="#cite_note-his7-77">[72]</a> <a href="/wiki/Yak" title="Yak">Yaks</a> are often used to haul gear for Mount Everest climbs. They can haul around 100 kg (220 pounds), have thick fur and large lungs.<a href="#cite_note-autumn-74">[69]</a> Other animals in the region include the <a href="/wiki/Himalayan_tahr" title="Himalayan tahr">Himalayan tahr</a>, which is sometimes the prey of the <a href="/wiki/Snow_leopard" title="Snow leopard">snow leopard</a>.<a href="#cite_note-thesis-80">[75]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Himalayan_black_bear" title="Himalayan black bear">Himalayan black bear</a> can be found up to about 4,300 metres (14,000 ft) and the <a href="/wiki/Red_panda" title="Red panda">red panda</a> is also present in the region.<a href="#cite_note-81">[76]</a> One expedition found a surprising range of species in the region including a <a href="/wiki/Pika" title="Pika">pika</a> and ten new species of ants.<a href="#cite_note-82">[77]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conservation">Conservation</h3></div> From the Nepalese side, Everest is protected as part of <a href="/wiki/Sagarmatha_National_Park" title="Sagarmatha National Park">Sagarmatha National Park</a>,<a href="#cite_note-83">[78]</a> while from the Chinese side the mountain is protected as part of <a href="/wiki/Qomolangma_National_Nature_Preserve" title="Qomolangma National Nature Preserve">Qomolangma National Nature Reserve</a>.<a href="#cite_note-84">[79]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2></div> Mount Everest has an <a href="/wiki/Ice_cap_climate" title="Ice cap climate">ice cap climate</a> (Köppen EF) with all months averaging well below freezing.<a href="#cite_note-85">[note 6]</a> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto !-- Width parameter for wikitable, default width=90%. Leave blank for wikitable with no width defined. Set width=auto to fit the table in the next available space automatically. -->; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Mount Everest (Summit) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #2424FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−36 (−33) </td> <td style="background: #2929FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−35 (−31) </td> <td style="background: #3A3AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−32 (−26) </td> <td style="background: #3F3FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−31 (−24) </td> <td style="background: #5F5FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−25 (−13) </td> <td style="background: #7A7AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−20 (−4) </td> <td style="background: #8585FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−18 (0) </td> <td style="background: #8585FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−18 (0) </td> <td style="background: #7575FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−21 (−6) </td> <td style="background: #5555FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−27 (−17) </td> <td style="background: #4444FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−30 (−22) </td> <td style="background: #2F2FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−34 (−29) </td> <td style="background: #2424FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−36 (−33) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="#cite_note-86">[80]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate_change">Climate change</h3></div> The base camp for Everest expeditions based out of Nepal is located by <a href="/wiki/Khumbu_Glacier" title="Khumbu Glacier">Khumbu Glacier</a>, which is rapidly thinning and destabilizing due to <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a>, making it unsafe for climbers. As recommended by the committee formed by Nepal's government to facilitate and monitor mountaineering in the Everest region, Taranath Adhikari—the director general of Nepal's tourism department—said they have plans to move the base camp to a lower altitude. This would mean a longer distance for climbers between the base camp and Camp 1. However, the present base camp is still useful and could still serve its purpose for three to four years. The move may happen by 2024, per officials.<a href="#cite_note-87">[81]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Meteorology">Meteorology</h3></div> <table class="wikitable floatright" style="width: 400px; font-size: 0.85em;"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_pressure" title="Atmospheric pressure">Atmospheric pressure</a> comparison </th> <th colspan="2">Pressure </th> <th rowspan="2">Reference </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Pascal_(unit)" title="Pascal (unit)">kilopascal</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Pounds_per_square_inch" class="mw-redirect" title="Pounds per square inch">psi</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Olympus_Mons" title="Olympus Mons">Olympus Mons</a> summit </td> <td style="text-align:center;">0.03 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">0.0044 </td> <td align="center">– </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a> average </td> <td style="text-align:center;">0.6 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">0.087 </td> <td align="center">– </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hellas_Planitia" title="Hellas Planitia">Hellas Planitia</a> bottom </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1.16 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">0.168 </td> <td align="center">– </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Armstrong_limit" title="Armstrong limit">Armstrong limit</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">6.25 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">0.906 </td> <td align="center">– </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mount Everest summit </td> <td style="text-align:center;">33.7 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">4.89 </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-88">[82]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Earth <a href="/wiki/Sea_level" title="Sea level">sea level</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">101.3 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">14.69 </td> <td align="center">– </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea" title="Dead Sea">Dead Sea</a> level </td> <td style="text-align:center;">106.7 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">15.48 </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-89">[83]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Surface of <a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">9,200 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1,330 </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-Basilevsky2003-90">[84]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> In 2008, a new weather station at about 8,000 m (26,000 ft) elevation went online.<a href="#cite_note-uiaa-91">[85]</a> The project was orchestrated by Stations at High Altitude for Research on the Environment (SHARE), which also placed the <a href="/wiki/Mount_Everest_webcam" title="Mount Everest webcam">Mount Everest webcam</a> in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-uiaa-91">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-hs-92">[86]</a> The solar-powered weather station is on the <a href="/wiki/South_Col" title="South Col">South Col</a>.<a href="#cite_note-93">[87]</a> Mount Everest extends into the upper <a href="/wiki/Troposphere" title="Troposphere">troposphere</a> and penetrates the <a href="/wiki/Stratosphere" title="Stratosphere">stratosphere</a>.<a href="#cite_note-dz-94">[88]</a> The air pressure at the summit is generally about one-third what it is at sea level. The altitude can expose the summit to the fast and freezing winds of the <a href="/wiki/Jet_stream" title="Jet stream">jet stream</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Peplow2004-95">[89]</a> Winds commonly attain 160 km/h (100 mph);<a href="#cite_note-theweek-96">[90]</a> in February 2004, a wind speed of 280 km/h (175 mph) was recorded at the summit. These winds can hamper or endanger climbers, by blowing them into chasms<a href="#cite_note-theweek-96">[90]</a> or (by <a href="/wiki/Bernoulli%27s_principle" title="Bernoulli's principle">Bernoulli's principle</a>) by lowering the air pressure further, reducing available oxygen by up to 14 percent.<a href="#cite_note-Peplow2004-95">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[91]</a> To avoid the harshest winds, climbers typically aim for a 7- to 10-day window in the spring and fall when the Asian <a href="/wiki/Monsoon" title="Monsoon">monsoon</a> season is starting up or ending. Mount Everest hosts several weather stations that collect important data on high-altitude weather conditions. Among them is the Balcony Station, the highest weather station on the planet, located at about 8,430 meters (27,657 feet) above sea level. Set up by climate scientists Tom Matthews and Baker Perry in 2019, this station is positioned just below the summit of Everest, which is the highest point on Earth.<a href="#cite_note-98">[92]</a> As of January 20, 2020, the Balcony Station ceased transmitting data.<a href="#cite_note-99">[93]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Expeditions">Expeditions</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Recentism_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Recentism" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section appears to be <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Recentism" title="Wikipedia:Recentism">slanted towards recent events</a>. Please try to keep recent events in historical perspective and add more content related to non-recent events. (July 2022) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Climbing_through_the_Yellow_Band,_Mt._Everest,_-May_2007_a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Climbing_through_the_Yellow_Band%2C_Mt._Everest%2C_-May_2007_a.jpg/220px-Climbing_through_the_Yellow_Band%2C_Mt._Everest%2C_-May_2007_a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Climbing_through_the_Yellow_Band%2C_Mt._Everest%2C_-May_2007_a.jpg/330px-Climbing_through_the_Yellow_Band%2C_Mt._Everest%2C_-May_2007_a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Climbing_through_the_Yellow_Band%2C_Mt._Everest%2C_-May_2007_a.jpg/440px-Climbing_through_the_Yellow_Band%2C_Mt._Everest%2C_-May_2007_a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Climbers below the <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Spur" title="Geneva Spur">Geneva Spur</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1963_reunion_of_the_1953_Everest-climbing_expedition.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/1963_reunion_of_the_1953_Everest-climbing_expedition.jpg/220px-1963_reunion_of_the_1953_Everest-climbing_expedition.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/1963_reunion_of_the_1953_Everest-climbing_expedition.jpg/330px-1963_reunion_of_the_1953_Everest-climbing_expedition.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/1963_reunion_of_the_1953_Everest-climbing_expedition.jpg/440px-1963_reunion_of_the_1953_Everest-climbing_expedition.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="717" /></a><figcaption>Reunion of the 1953 British team</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_who_died_climbing_Mount_Everest" title="List of people who died climbing Mount Everest">List of people who died climbing Mount Everest</a></div> Because Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world, it has attracted considerable attention and climbing attempts. Whether the mountain was climbed in ancient times is unknown. It may have been climbed in 1924, although this has never been confirmed, as neither of the men making the attempt returned. Several climbing routes have been established over several decades of climbing expeditions to the mountain.<a href="#cite_note-100">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[95]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] Everest's summit is first known to have been reached by a human in 1953, and interest from climbers increased thereafter.<a href="#cite_note-la-102">[96]</a> Despite the effort and attention poured into expeditions, only about 200 people had summited by 1987.<a href="#cite_note-la-102">[96]</a> Everest remained a difficult climb for decades, even for serious attempts by professional climbers and large national expeditions, which were the norm until the commercial era began in the 1990s.<a href="#cite_note-japtimes-103">[97]</a> By March 2012, Everest had been climbed 5,656 times with 223 deaths.<a href="#cite_note-104">[98]</a> By 2013, <a href="/wiki/The_Himalayan_Database" title="The Himalayan Database">The Himalayan Database</a> recorded 6,871 summits by 4,042 different people.<a href="#cite_note-alanarnette.com-105">[99]</a> Although lower mountains have longer or steeper climbs, Everest is so high the <a href="/wiki/Jet_stream" title="Jet stream">jet stream</a> can hit it. Climbers can be faced with winds beyond 320 km/h (200 mph) when the weather shifts.<a href="#cite_note-106">[100]</a> At certain times of the year the jet stream shifts north, providing periods of relative calm at the mountain.<a href="#cite_note-wind-107">[101]</a> Other dangers include blizzards and avalanches.<a href="#cite_note-wind-107">[101]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_attempts">Early attempts</h3></div> In 1885, <a href="/wiki/Clinton_Thomas_Dent" title="Clinton Thomas Dent">Clinton Thomas Dent</a>, president of the <a href="/wiki/Alpine_Club_(UK)" title="Alpine Club (UK)">Alpine Club</a>, suggested that climbing Mount Everest was possible in his book Above the Snow Line.<a href="#cite_note-108">[102]</a> The northern approach to the mountain was discovered by <a href="/wiki/George_Mallory" title="George Mallory">George Mallory</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guy_Bullock" title="Guy Bullock">Guy Bullock</a> on the initial <a href="/wiki/1921_British_Mount_Everest_reconnaissance_expedition" title="1921 British Mount Everest reconnaissance expedition">1921 British Reconnaissance Expedition</a>. It was an exploratory expedition not equipped for a serious attempt to climb the mountain. With Mallory leading (and thus becoming the first European to set foot on Everest's flanks) they climbed the North Col to an altitude of 7,005 metres (22,982 ft). From there, Mallory espied a route to the top, but the party was unprepared to climb any further and descended. The British returned for a <a href="/wiki/1922_British_Mount_Everest_Expedition" class="mw-redirect" title="1922 British Mount Everest Expedition">1922 expedition</a>. <a href="/wiki/George_Finch_(chemist)" title="George Finch (chemist)">George Finch</a> climbed using oxygen for the first time. He ascended at a remarkable speed—290 metres (951 ft) per hour—and reached an altitude of 8,320 m (27,300 ft), the first time a human reported to climb higher than 8,000 m. Mallory and <a href="/wiki/Edward_Felix_Norton" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Felix Norton">Col. Felix Norton</a> made a second unsuccessful attempt. The <a href="/wiki/1924_British_Mount_Everest_Expedition" class="mw-redirect" title="1924 British Mount Everest Expedition">next expedition was in 1924</a>. The initial attempt by Mallory and <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Bruce_(mountaineer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Geoffrey Bruce (mountaineer)">Geoffrey Bruce</a> was aborted when weather conditions prevented the establishment of Camp VI. The next attempt was that of Norton and Somervell, who climbed without oxygen and in perfect weather, traversing the North Face into the <a href="/wiki/Great_Couloir" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Couloir">Great Couloir</a>. Norton managed to reach 8,550 m (28,050 ft), though he ascended only 30 m (98 ft) or so in the last hour. Mallory rustled up oxygen equipment for a last-ditch effort. He chose young Andrew Irvine as his partner.<a href="#cite_note-109">[103]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Condor_Films_1952.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Condor_Films_1952.jpg/170px-Condor_Films_1952.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Condor_Films_1952.jpg/255px-Condor_Films_1952.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Condor_Films_1952.jpg/340px-Condor_Films_1952.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3968" data-file-height="5601" /></a><figcaption>1952 documentary</figcaption></figure> On 8 June 1924, George Mallory and <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Irvine_(mountaineer)" title="Andrew Irvine (mountaineer)">Andrew Irvine</a> made an attempt on the summit via the North Col-North Ridge-Northeast Ridge route from which they never returned. On 1 May 1999, the <a href="/wiki/Mallory_and_Irvine_Research_Expedition" title="Mallory and Irvine Research Expedition">Mallory and Irvine Research Expedition</a> found Mallory's body on the North Face in a snow basin below and to the west of the traditional site of Camp VI. Controversy has raged in the mountaineering community whether one or both of them reached the summit 29 years before the confirmed ascent and safe descent of Everest by Sir <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Hillary" title="Edmund Hillary">Edmund Hillary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tenzing_Norgay" title="Tenzing Norgay">Tenzing Norgay</a> in 1953. In 1933, <a href="/wiki/Lucy,_Lady_Houston" title="Lucy, Lady Houston">Lady Houston</a>, a British <a href="/wiki/Millionaire" title="Millionaire">millionairess</a>, funded the <a href="/wiki/Houston%E2%80%93Mount_Everest_flight_expedition" title="Houston–Mount Everest flight expedition">Houston Everest Flight of 1933</a>, which saw a formation of two <a href="/wiki/Westland_Wallace" title="Westland Wallace">aeroplanes</a> led by the <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Douglas-Hamilton,_14th_Duke_of_Hamilton" title="Douglas Douglas-Hamilton, 14th Duke of Hamilton">Marquess of Clydesdale</a> fly over the Everest <a href="/wiki/Summit_(topography)" class="mw-redirect" title="Summit (topography)">summit</a>.<a href="#cite_note-110">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-flymicro-111">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-k2news_woe-112">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[107]</a> Early expeditions—such as <a href="/wiki/Charles_Granville_Bruce" title="Charles Granville Bruce">Charles Bruce</a>'s in the 1920s and <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Ruttledge" title="Hugh Ruttledge">Hugh Ruttledge</a>'s two unsuccessful attempts in <a href="/wiki/1933_British_Mount_Everest_expedition" title="1933 British Mount Everest expedition">1933</a> and <a href="/wiki/1936_British_Mount_Everest_expedition" title="1936 British Mount Everest expedition">1936</a>—tried to ascend the mountain from <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a>, via the North Face. Access was closed from the north to Western expeditions in 1950 after China took control of Tibet. In 1950, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Tilman" title="Bill Tilman">Bill Tilman</a> and a small party which included <a href="/wiki/Charles_Snead_Houston" title="Charles Snead Houston">Charles Houston</a>, Oscar Houston, and Betsy Cowles undertook an <a href="/wiki/Mount_Everest_reconnaissance_from_Nepal#1950_Houston–Tilman_exploration_of_Solu_Khumbu" title="Mount Everest reconnaissance from Nepal">exploratory expedition to Everest through Nepal</a> along the route which has now become the standard approach to Everest from the south.<a href="#cite_note-evhist_timeline-114">[108]</a> The <a href="/wiki/1952_Swiss_Mount_Everest_Expedition" class="mw-redirect" title="1952 Swiss Mount Everest Expedition">1952 Swiss Mount Everest Expedition</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Edouard_Wyss-Dunant" title="Edouard Wyss-Dunant">Edouard Wyss-Dunant</a>, was granted permission to attempt a climb from Nepal. It established a route through the Khumbu icefall and ascended to the South Col at an elevation of 7,986 m (26,201 ft). <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Lambert" title="Raymond Lambert">Raymond Lambert</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sherpa_people" title="Sherpa people">Sherpa</a> <a href="/wiki/Tenzing_Norgay" title="Tenzing Norgay">Tenzing Norgay</a> were able to reach an elevation of about 8,595 m (28,199 ft) on the southeast ridge, setting a new climbing altitude record. Tenzing's experience was useful when he was hired to be part of the British expedition in 1953.<a href="#cite_note-115">[109]</a> The Swiss decided to make another post-monsoon attempt in the autumn; they made it to the South Col but were driven back by winter winds and severe cold.<a href="#cite_note-116">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[111]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_successful_ascent_by_Tenzing_and_Hillary,_1953">First successful ascent by Tenzing and Hillary, 1953</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1953_British_Mount_Everest_expedition" title="1953 British Mount Everest expedition">1953 British Mount Everest expedition</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edmund_Hillary_and_Tenzing_Norgay.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Edmund_Hillary_and_Tenzing_Norgay.jpg/220px-Edmund_Hillary_and_Tenzing_Norgay.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Edmund_Hillary_and_Tenzing_Norgay.jpg/330px-Edmund_Hillary_and_Tenzing_Norgay.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Edmund_Hillary_and_Tenzing_Norgay.jpg/440px-Edmund_Hillary_and_Tenzing_Norgay.jpg 2x" data-file-width="828" data-file-height="494" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Hillary" title="Edmund Hillary">Edmund Hillary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tenzing_Norgay" title="Tenzing Norgay">Tenzing Norgay</a></figcaption></figure> In 1953, a ninth British expedition, led by <a href="/wiki/John_Hunt,_Baron_Hunt" title="John Hunt, Baron Hunt">John Hunt</a>, returned to Nepal. Hunt selected two climbing pairs to attempt to reach the summit. The first pair, <a href="/wiki/Tom_Bourdillon" title="Tom Bourdillon">Tom Bourdillon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Evans_(mountaineer)" title="Charles Evans (mountaineer)">Charles Evans</a>, came within 100 m (330 ft) of the summit on 26 May 1953, but turned back after running into oxygen problems. As planned, their work in route finding and breaking trail and their oxygen caches were of great aid to the following pair. Two days later, the expedition made its second assault on the summit with the second climbing pair: the New Zealander <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Hillary" title="Edmund Hillary">Edmund Hillary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tenzing_Norgay" title="Tenzing Norgay">Tenzing Norgay</a>, a Nepali <a href="/wiki/Sherpa_people" title="Sherpa people">Sherpa</a> climber. They reached the summit at 11:30 am local time on 29 May 1953 via the South Col route. At the time, both acknowledged it as a team effort by the whole expedition, but Tenzing revealed a few years later that Hillary had put his foot on the summit first.<a href="#cite_note-Ullman-118">[112]</a> They paused at the summit to take photographs and buried a few sweets and a small cross in the snow before descending.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1950s–1960s">1950s–1960s</h3></div> On 23 May 1956, <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Schmied" title="Ernst Schmied">Ernst Schmied</a> and <a href="/wiki/Juerg_Marmet" class="mw-redirect" title="Juerg Marmet">Juerg Marmet</a> ascended.<a href="#cite_note-swiss-119">[113]</a> This was followed by <a href="/wiki/D%C3%B6lf_Reist" title="Dölf Reist">Dölf Reist</a> and Hans-Rudolf von Gunten on 24 May 1957.<a href="#cite_note-swiss-119">[113]</a> <a href="/wiki/Wang_Fuzhou" title="Wang Fuzhou">Wang Fuzhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gongbu_(mountaineer)" title="Gongbu (mountaineer)">Gonpo</a> and Qu Yinhua of China made the first reported <a href="/wiki/1960_Chinese_Mount_Everest_expedition" title="1960 Chinese Mount Everest expedition">ascent of the peak from the North Ridge</a> on 25 May 1960.<a href="#cite_note-NorthRidge-13">[9]</a> The first American to climb Everest, <a href="/wiki/Jim_Whittaker" title="Jim Whittaker">Jim Whittaker</a>, joined by <a href="/wiki/Nawang_Gombu" class="mw-redirect" title="Nawang Gombu">Nawang Gombu</a>, reached the summit on 1 May 1963 on the <a href="/wiki/1963_American_Mount_Everest_expedition" title="1963 American Mount Everest expedition">American Mount Everest expedition</a> and on 22 May on the same expedition <a href="/wiki/Tom_Hornbein" title="Tom Hornbein">Tom Hornbein</a> and <a href="/wiki/Willi_Unsoeld" title="Willi Unsoeld">Willi Unsoeld</a> were the first the traverse the mountain by climbing via the <a href="/wiki/North_Face_(Everest)" title="North Face (Everest)">North Face</a> and descending via the <a href="/wiki/South_Col" title="South Col">South Col</a>.<a href="#cite_note-120">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-test-121">[115]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1970s">1970s</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/1970_Mount_Everest_disaster" title="1970 Mount Everest disaster">1970 Mount Everest disaster</a></div> In 1970, Japanese mountaineers conducted a major expedition. The centrepiece was a large "siege"-style expedition led by <a href="/wiki/Saburo_Matsukata" class="mw-redirect" title="Saburo Matsukata">Saburo Matsukata</a>, working on finding a new route up the southwest face.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnsworth2000594-122">[116]</a> Another element of the expedition was an attempt to ski Mount Everest.<a href="#cite_note-japtimes-103">[97]</a> Despite a staff of over one hundred people and a decade of planning work, the expedition suffered eight deaths and failed to summit via the planned routes.<a href="#cite_note-japtimes-103">[97]</a> However, Japanese expeditions did enjoy some successes. For example, <a href="/wiki/Yuichiro_Miura" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuichiro Miura">Yuichiro Miura</a> became the first man to ski down Everest from the South Col—he descended nearly 1,300 vertical metres (4,200 ft) from the South Col before falling with extreme injuries. Another success was an expedition that put four on the summit via the South Col route.<a href="#cite_note-japtimes-103">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[118]</a> Miura's exploits became the subject of film, and he went on to become the oldest person to summit Mount Everest in 2003 at age 70 and again in 2013 at the age of 80.<a href="#cite_note-125">[119]</a> In 1975, <a href="/wiki/Junko_Tabei" title="Junko Tabei">Junko Tabei</a> became the first woman to summit Mount Everest.<a href="#cite_note-japtimes-103">[97]</a><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> The <a href="/wiki/1975_British_Mount_Everest_Southwest_Face_expedition" title="1975 British Mount Everest Southwest Face expedition">1975 British Mount Everest Southwest Face expedition</a> led and organised by <a href="/wiki/Chris_Bonington" title="Chris Bonington">Chris Bonington</a> made the first ascent of the south west face of Everest from the <a href="/wiki/Western_Cwm" title="Western Cwm">Western Cwm</a>. The <a href="/wiki/1976_British_and_Nepalese_Army_Expedition_to_Everest" title="1976 British and Nepalese Army Expedition to Everest">1976 British and Nepalese Army Expedition to Everest</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Tony_Streather" title="Tony Streather">Tony Streather</a> put Bronco Lane and Brummy Stokes on the summit by the normal route. In 1978, <a href="/wiki/Reinhold_Messner" title="Reinhold Messner">Reinhold Messner</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Habeler" title="Peter Habeler">Peter Habeler</a> made the first ascent of Everest without supplemental oxygen. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1979/1980:_Winter_Himalaism">1979/1980: Winter Himalaism</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mount_Everest_winter_1980_cert.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Mount_Everest_winter_1980_cert.jpg/220px-Mount_Everest_winter_1980_cert.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Mount_Everest_winter_1980_cert.jpg/330px-Mount_Everest_winter_1980_cert.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Mount_Everest_winter_1980_cert.jpg/440px-Mount_Everest_winter_1980_cert.jpg 2x" data-file-width="647" data-file-height="424" /></a><figcaption>Confirmation of the summit obtained by <a href="/wiki/Nepal_Tourism_Board" title="Nepal Tourism Board">Nepal's Ministry of Tourism</a></figcaption></figure> The Polish climber <a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Zawada" title="Andrzej Zawada">Andrzej Zawada</a> headed the first winter ascent of Mount Everest, the first winter ascent of an eight-thousander. The team of 20 Polish climbers and 4 Sherpas established a base camp on <a href="/wiki/Khumbu_Glacier" title="Khumbu Glacier">Khumbu Glacier</a> in early January 1980. On 15 January, the team managed to set up Camp III at 7150 metres above sea level, but further action was stopped by hurricane-force winds. The weather improved after 11 February, when <a href="/wiki/Leszek_Cichy" title="Leszek Cichy">Leszek Cichy</a>, Walenty Fiut and <a href="/wiki/Krzysztof_Wielicki" title="Krzysztof Wielicki">Krzysztof Wielicki</a> set up camp IV on <a href="/wiki/South_Col" title="South Col">South Col</a> (7906 m). Cichy and Wielicki started the final ascent at 6:50 am on 17 February. At 2:40 pm <a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Zawada" title="Andrzej Zawada">Andrzej Zawada</a> at base camp heard the climbers' voices over the radio – "We are on the summit! The strong wind blows all the time. It is unimaginably cold."<a href="#cite_note-126">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-theclymb.com-127">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-129">[123]</a> The successful winter ascent of Mount Everest started a new decade of Winter Himalaism, which became a Polish specialisation. After 1980 Poles did ten first winter ascents on <a href="/wiki/Eight-thousander" title="Eight-thousander">8000 metre peaks</a>, which earned Polish climbers a reputation of "Ice Warriors".<a href="#cite_note-130">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-theclymb.com-127">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-131">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[126]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lho_La_tragedy,_1989">Lho La tragedy, 1989</h3></div> In May 1989, Polish climbers under the leadership of Eugeniusz Chrobak organised an international expedition to Mount Everest on a difficult western ridge. Ten Poles and nine foreigners participated, but ultimately only the Poles remained in the attempt for the summit. On 24 May, Chrobak and Andrzej Marciniak, starting from camp V at 8,200 m, overcame the ridge and reached the summit. But on 27 May, during an avalanche from the side of <a href="/wiki/Khumbutse" title="Khumbutse">Khumbutse</a> near the <a href="/wiki/Lho_La" title="Lho La">Lho La</a> pass, four Polish climbers were killed: Mirosław Dąsal, Mirosław Gardzielewski, <a href="/wiki/Zygmunt_Andrzej_Heinrich" title="Zygmunt Andrzej Heinrich">Zygmunt Andrzej Heinrich</a> and Wacław Otręba. The following day, due to his injuries, Chrobak also died. Marciniak, who was also injured, was saved by a rescue expedition in which <a href="/wiki/Artur_Hajzer" title="Artur Hajzer">Artur Hajzer</a> and New Zealanders <a href="/wiki/Gary_Ball" title="Gary Ball">Gary Ball</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rob_Hall" title="Rob Hall">Rob Hall</a> took part. In the organisation of the rescue expedition they took part, inter alia <a href="/wiki/Reinhold_Messner" title="Reinhold Messner">Reinhold Messner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Hawley" title="Elizabeth Hawley">Elizabeth Hawley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Carsolio" title="Carlos Carsolio">Carlos Carsolio</a> and the US consul.<a href="#cite_note-133">[127]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1996_disaster">1996 disaster</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1996_Mount_Everest_disaster" title="1996 Mount Everest disaster">1996 Mount Everest disaster</a></div> On 10 and 11 May 1996, eight climbers died after several guided expeditions were caught in a blizzard high up on the mountain during a summit attempt on 10 May. During the 1996 season, 15 people died while climbing on Mount Everest. These were the highest death tolls for a single weather event, and for a single season, until the sixteen deaths in the <a href="/wiki/2014_Mount_Everest_avalanche" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Mount Everest avalanche">2014 Mount Everest avalanche</a>. The guiding disaster gained wide publicity and raised questions about the commercialisation of climbing and the safety of guiding clients on Mount Everest. Journalist <a href="/wiki/Jon_Krakauer" title="Jon Krakauer">Jon Krakauer</a>, on assignment from <a href="/wiki/Outside_(magazine)" title="Outside (magazine)">Outside</a> magazine, was in one of the affected guided parties, and afterward published the bestseller <a href="/wiki/Into_Thin_Air" title="Into Thin Air">Into Thin Air</a>, which related his experience. Krakauer was critical of guide <a href="/wiki/Anatoli_Boukreev" title="Anatoli Boukreev">Anatoli Boukreev</a> in his recollection of the expedition.<a href="#cite_note-Washington_Post-134">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-Russia_Beyond-135">[129]</a> A year later, Boukreev co-authored <a href="/wiki/The_Climb_(book)" title="The Climb (book)">The Climb</a>, in part as a rebuttal of Krakauer's portrayal.<a href="#cite_note-New_York_Times_Review_The_Climb-136">[130]</a> The dispute sparked a debate within the climbing community. Boukreev was later awarded The American Alpine Club's David Sowles Award for his rescue efforts on the expedition.<a href="#cite_note-Russia_Beyond-135">[129]</a> In May 2004, physicist Kent Moore and surgeon John L. Semple, both researchers from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">University of Toronto</a>, told <a href="/wiki/New_Scientist" title="New Scientist">New Scientist</a> magazine that an analysis of weather conditions on 11 May suggested that weather caused oxygen levels to plunge about 14 per cent.<a href="#cite_note-NewScientist-137">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-BioEd_Online-138">[132]</a> One of the survivors was <a href="/wiki/Beck_Weathers" title="Beck Weathers">Beck Weathers</a>, left for dead about 275 metres (900 feet) from Camp 4 at 7,950 metres (26,085 feet). After spending a night on the mountain, Weathers managed to make it back to Camp 4 with massive frostbite and vision impaired due to snow blindness.<a href="#cite_note-badassoftheweek.com-139">[133]</a> When he arrived at Camp 4, fellow climbers considered his condition terminal and left him in a tent to die overnight.<a href="#cite_note-DMag-140">[134]</a> Weathers was lowered to Camp 2 and eventually a helicopter rescue was organised thanks to the Nepali Army.<a href="#cite_note-badassoftheweek.com-139">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-DMag-140">[134]</a> The storm's impact on climbers on the North Ridge of Everest, where several climbers also died, was detailed in a first-hand account by British filmmaker and writer <a href="/wiki/Matt_Dickinson" title="Matt Dickinson">Matt Dickinson</a> in his book The Other Side of Everest. Sixteen-year-old Mark Pfetzer was on the climb and wrote about it in his account, Within Reach: My Everest Story. The 2015 feature film <a href="/wiki/Everest_(2015_film)" title="Everest (2015 film)">Everest</a>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Baltasar_Korm%C3%A1kur" title="Baltasar Kormákur">Baltasar Kormákur</a>, is based on the events of this guiding disaster.<a href="#cite_note-Baltasar-141">[135]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2006_mountaineering_season">2006 mountaineering season</h3></div> <table class="wikitable collapsible sortable floatright collapsed" style="font-size: 90%;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align:center;" colspan="2">2006 fatalities </th></tr> <tr> <th>Deaths<a href="#cite_note-142">[136]</a> </th> <th>Nation<a href="#cite_note-himalayandatabase2006-143">[137]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Tuk Bahadur Thapa Masa </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/16px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/25px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" />   <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Igor Plyushkin </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vitor_Negrete" title="Vitor Negrete">Vitor Negrete</a> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /> <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/David_Sharp_(mountaineer)" title="David Sharp (mountaineer)">David Sharp</a> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Thomas Weber </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tomas_Olsson" title="Tomas Olsson">Tomas Olsson</a> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jacques-Hugues Letrange </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ang Phinjo </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/16px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/25px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" />   <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>*<a href="/wiki/Pavel_Kalny" class="mw-redirect" title="Pavel Kalny">Pavel Kalny</a> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lhakpa Tseri<a href="#cite_note-deaths-144">[138]</a> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/16px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/25px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" />   <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dawa Temba<a href="#cite_note-deaths-144">[138]</a> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/16px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/25px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" />   <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sri Kishan<a href="#cite_note-himalayandatabase2006-143">[137]</a> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;">*Lhotse face fatality </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Avalanche_on_Everest.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Avalanche_on_Everest.jpg/220px-Avalanche_on_Everest.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Avalanche_on_Everest.jpg/330px-Avalanche_on_Everest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Avalanche_on_Everest.jpg/440px-Avalanche_on_Everest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Small avalanche on Everest, 2006</figcaption></figure> In 2006, 12 people died. One death in particular (see below) triggered an international debate and years of discussion about climbing ethics.<a href="#cite_note-145">[139]</a> The season was also remembered for the rescue of <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Hall_(climber)" title="Lincoln Hall (climber)">Lincoln Hall</a> who had been left by his climbing team and declared dead, but was later discovered alive and survived being helped off the mountain. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="David_Sharp_ethics_controversy,_2006">David Sharp ethics controversy, 2006</h4></div> There was an international controversy about the death of a solo British climber <a href="/wiki/David_Sharp_(mountaineer)" title="David Sharp (mountaineer)">David Sharp</a>, who attempted to climb Mount Everest in 2006 but died in his attempt. The story broke out of the mountaineering community into popular media, with a series of interviews, allegations, and critiques. The question was whether climbers that season had left a man to die and whether he could have been saved. He was said to have attempted to summit Mount Everest by himself with no Sherpa or guide and fewer oxygen bottles than considered normal.<a href="#cite_note-top-146">[140]</a> He went with a low-budget Nepali guide firm that only provides support up to Base Camp, after which climbers go as a "loose group", offering a high degree of independence. The manager at Sharp's guide support said Sharp did not take enough oxygen for his summit attempt and did not have a Sherpa guide.<a href="#cite_note-washingtontimes.com-147">[141]</a> It is less clear who knew Sharp was in trouble, and if they did know, whether they were qualified or capable of helping him.<a href="#cite_note-top-146">[140]</a> Double-amputee climber <a href="/wiki/Mark_Inglis" title="Mark Inglis">Mark Inglis</a> said in an interview that on 15 May his climbing party, and many others, had passed Sharp, sheltering under a rock overhang 450 metres (1,480 ft) below the summit, without attempting a rescue.<a href="#cite_note-abcnews052006-148">[142]</a> Inglis said 40 people had passed by Sharp, but he might have been overlooked as climbers assumed Sharp was the corpse nicknamed "<a href="/wiki/Green_Boots" title="Green Boots">Green Boots</a>",<a href="#cite_note-Sharp-149">[143]</a> but Inglis was not aware that Turkish climbers had tried to help Sharp despite being in the process of helping an injured woman down (a Turkish woman, <a href="/wiki/Bur%C3%A7ak_%C3%96zo%C4%9Flu_Po%C3%A7an" title="Burçak Özoğlu Poçan">Burçak Poçan</a>). There has also been some discussion about <a href="/wiki/Himex" title="Himex">Himex</a> in the commentary on Inglis and Sharp. In regard to Inglis's initial comments, he later revised certain details because he had been interviewed while he was "physically and mentally exhausted, and in a lot of pain. He had suffered severe frostbite – he later had five fingertips amputated."<a href="#cite_note-thefever-150">[144]</a> It was estimated that Sharp summited Mount Everest on 14 May and began his descent down, but on 15 May he was in trouble and being passed by climbers on their way up and down.<a href="#cite_note-change-151">[145]</a> It is believed he was suffering from hypoxia and was about 300 m (1,000 ft) from the summit on the North Side route.<a href="#cite_note-change-151">[145]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">Dawa from Arun Treks also gave oxygen to David and tried to help him move, repeatedly, for perhaps an hour. But he could not get David to stand alone or even stand to rest on his shoulders, and crying, Dawa had to leave him too. Even with two Sherpas, it was not going to be possible to get David down the tricky sections below.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Jamie McGuiness<a href="#cite_note-jamie-152">[146]</a></cite></div></blockquote> <a href="/wiki/The_Tribune_(Chandigarh)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Tribune (Chandigarh)">The Tribune of Chandigarh, India</a> quoted someone who described what happened to Sharp as "the most shameful act in the history of mountaineering".<a href="#cite_note-153">[147]</a> In addition to Sharp's death, at least nine other climbers perished that year, including multiple Sherpas working for various guiding companies.<a href="#cite_note-154">[148]</a> Much of this controversy was captured by the <a href="/wiki/Discovery_Channel" title="Discovery Channel">Discovery Channel</a> while filming the television program <a href="/wiki/Everest:_Beyond_the_Limit" title="Everest: Beyond the Limit">Everest: Beyond the Limit</a>. A crucial decision affecting the fate of Sharp is shown in the program, where an early returning climber, Lebanese adventurer <a href="/wiki/Maxim_Chaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Maxim Chaya">Maxim Chaya</a>, is descending from the summit and radios to his base camp manager (<a href="/wiki/Russell_Brice" title="Russell Brice">Russell Brice</a>) that he has found a frostbitten and unconscious climber in distress. Chaya is unable to identify Sharp, who had chosen to climb solo without any support and so did not identify himself to other climbers. The base camp manager assumes that Sharp is part of a group that has already calculated that they must abandon him, and informs his lone climber that there is no chance of him being able to help Sharp by himself. As Sharp's condition deteriorates through the day and other descending climbers pass him, his opportunities for rescue diminish: his legs and feet curl from <a href="/wiki/Frostbite" title="Frostbite">frostbite</a>, preventing him from walking; the later descending climbers are lower on oxygen and lack the strength to offer aid; time runs out for any Sherpas to return and rescue him. David Sharp's body remained just below the summit on the Chinese side next to "Green Boots"; they shared a space in a small rock cave that was an ad hoc tomb for them.<a href="#cite_note-change-151">[145]</a> Sharp's body was removed from the cave in 2007, according to the BBC,<a href="#cite_note-britb-155">[149]</a> and since 2014, Green Boots has been missing, presumably removed or buried.<a href="#cite_note-Nuwer-12">[8]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lincoln_Hall_rescue,_2006">Lincoln Hall rescue, 2006</h4></div> As the Sharp debate kicked off on 26 May 2006, Australian climber <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Hall_(climber)" title="Lincoln Hall (climber)">Lincoln Hall</a> was found alive after being left for dead the day before.<a href="#cite_note-:2-156">[150]</a> He was found by a party of four climbers (<a href="/wiki/Dan_Mazur" class="mw-redirect" title="Dan Mazur">Dan Mazur</a>, Andrew Brash, Myles Osborne and Jangbu Sherpa) who, giving up their own summit attempt, stayed with Hall and descended with him and a party of 11 Sherpas sent up to carry him down. Hall later fully recovered. His team assumed he had died from cerebral edema, and they were instructed to cover him with rocks.<a href="#cite_note-:2-156">[150]</a> There were no rocks around to do this and he was abandoned.<a href="#cite_note-:3-157">[151]</a> The erroneous information of his death was passed on to his family. The next day he was discovered alive by another party.<a href="#cite_note-:3-157">[151]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2007">2007</h3></div> On 21 May 2007, Canadian climber <a href="/wiki/Meagan_McGrath" title="Meagan McGrath">Meagan McGrath</a> initiated the successful high-altitude rescue of <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepali</a> Usha Bista. Major McGrath was selected as a 2011 recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Hillary" title="Edmund Hillary">Sir Edmund Hillary</a> Foundation of Canada Humanitarian Award, which recognises a Canadian who has personally or administratively contributed a significant service or act in the Himalayan Region of Nepal.<a href="#cite_note-158">[152]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ascent_statistics_up_to_2010_season">Ascent statistics up to 2010 season</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EverestAscents.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/EverestAscents.svg/220px-EverestAscents.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/EverestAscents.svg/330px-EverestAscents.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/EverestAscents.svg/440px-EverestAscents.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="975" /></a><figcaption>Ascents of Mount Everest by year through 2010</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sunrise_over_Everest.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Sunrise_over_Everest.jpg/220px-Sunrise_over_Everest.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Sunrise_over_Everest.jpg/330px-Sunrise_over_Everest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Sunrise_over_Everest.jpg/440px-Sunrise_over_Everest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1824" data-file-height="1368" /></a><figcaption>The sun rising on Everest in 2011</figcaption></figure> By the end of the 2010 climbing season, there had been 5,104 ascents to the summit by about 3,142 individuals, with 77 per cent of these ascents being accomplished since 2000.<a href="#cite_note-8000ers-159">[153]</a> The summit was achieved in 7 of the 22 years from 1953 to 1974 and was not missed between 1975 and 2014.<a href="#cite_note-8000ers-159">[153]</a> In 2007, the record number of 633 ascents was recorded, by 350 climbers and 253 <a href="/wiki/Sherpa_people" title="Sherpa people">sherpas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-8000ers-159">[153]</a> An illustration of the explosion of popularity of Everest is provided by the numbers of daily ascents. Analysis of the <a href="/wiki/1996_Mount_Everest_disaster" title="1996 Mount Everest disaster">1996 Mount Everest disaster</a> shows that part of the blame was on the bottleneck caused by a large number of climbers (33 to 36) attempting to summit on the same day; this was considered unusually high at the time. By comparison, on 23 May 2010, the summit of Mount Everest was reached by 169 climbers – more summits in a single day than in the cumulative 31 years from the first successful summit in 1953 through 1983.<a href="#cite_note-8000ers-159">[153]</a> There have been 219 fatalities recorded on Mount Everest from the <a href="/wiki/1922_British_Mount_Everest_Expedition" class="mw-redirect" title="1922 British Mount Everest Expedition">1922 British Mount Everest Expedition</a> through the end of 2010, a rate of 4.3 fatalities for every 100 summits (this is a general rate, and includes fatalities amongst support climbers, those who turned back before the peak, those who died en route to the peak and those who died while descending from the peak). Of the 219 fatalities, 58 (26.5 per cent) were climbers who had summited but did not complete their descent.<a href="#cite_note-8000ers-159">[153]</a> Though the rate of fatalities has decreased since the year 2000 (1.4 fatalities for every 100 summits, with 3938 summits since 2000), the significant increase in the total number of climbers still means 54 fatalities since 2000: 33 on the northeast ridge, 17 on the southeast ridge, 2 on the southwest face, and 2 on the north face.<a href="#cite_note-8000ers-159">[153]</a> Nearly all attempts at the summit are done using one of the two main routes. The traffic seen by each route varies from year to year. In 2005–07, more than half of all climbers elected to use the more challenging, but cheaper northeast route. In 2008, the northeast route was closed by the Chinese government for the entire climbing season, and the only people able to reach the summit from the north that year were athletes responsible for <a href="/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics_summit_of_Mt._Everest" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 Summer Olympics summit of Mt. Everest">carrying the Olympic torch</a> for the <a href="/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics" title="2008 Summer Olympics">2008 Summer Olympics</a>.<a href="#cite_note-160">[154]</a> The route was closed to foreigners once again in 2009 in the run-up to the 50th anniversary of the Dalai Lama's exile.<a href="#cite_note-161">[155]</a> These closures led to declining interest in the north route, and, in 2010, two-thirds of the climbers reached the summit from the south.<a href="#cite_note-8000ers-159">[153]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2010s">2010s</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Mount_Everest_in_2012" title="Mount Everest in 2012">Mount Everest in 2012</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mount_Everest_in_2013" title="Mount Everest in 2013">Mount Everest in 2013</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Andreas_Breitfuss_Mt_Everest_Summit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Andreas_Breitfuss_Mt_Everest_Summit.jpg/220px-Andreas_Breitfuss_Mt_Everest_Summit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Andreas_Breitfuss_Mt_Everest_Summit.jpg/330px-Andreas_Breitfuss_Mt_Everest_Summit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Andreas_Breitfuss_Mt_Everest_Summit.jpg/440px-Andreas_Breitfuss_Mt_Everest_Summit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="576" /></a><figcaption>Selfie on the summit, 2012</figcaption></figure> The 2010s were a time of new highs and lows for the mountain, with back-to-back disasters in 2013 and 2014 causing record deaths. In 2015 there were no summits for the first time in decades. However, other years set records for numbers of summits – 2013's record number of summiters, around 667, was surpassed in 2018 with around 800 summiting the peak,<a href="#cite_note-:0x-162">[156]</a> and a subsequent record was set in 2019 with over 890 summiters.<a href="#cite_note-time5604758-163">[157]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="float:left; margin-right: 0; margin-left: 1em;"> <caption>Years in review summary </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Summiters </th> <th>References </th></tr> <tr> <td>2010 </td> <td>543 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-time5604758-163">[157]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011 </td> <td>538 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-time5604758-163">[157]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mount_Everest_in_2012" title="Mount Everest in 2012">2012</a> </td> <td>547 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-NG-20130600-164">[158]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#efefef;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Mount_Everest_in_2013" title="Mount Everest in 2013">2013</a> </td> <td>658–670 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-alanarnette-165">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-time5604758-163">[157]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2014 </td> <td>106 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-alanarnette2-166">[160]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#efefef;"> <td>2015 </td> <td>0 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-washingtonpost-167">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-time5604758-163">[157]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mount_Everest_in_2016" title="Mount Everest in 2016">2016</a> </td> <td>641 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-168">[162]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mount_Everest_in_2017" title="Mount Everest in 2017">2017</a> </td> <td>648 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-telegraph.co.uk1-169">[163]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mount_Everest_in_2018" title="Mount Everest in 2018">2018</a> </td> <td>807 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-:0x-162">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-170">[164]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2019 </td> <td>approx. 891 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-time5604758-163">[157]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2014_avalanche_and_season">2014 avalanche and season</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2014_Mount_Everest_avalanche" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Mount Everest avalanche">2014 Mount Everest avalanche</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mt_Everest.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Mt_Everest.jpg/220px-Mt_Everest.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Mt_Everest.jpg/330px-Mt_Everest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Mt_Everest.jpg/440px-Mt_Everest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="614" /></a><figcaption>Mount Everest, 2014</figcaption></figure> On 18 April 2014, an avalanche hit the area just below Base Camp 2.<a href="#cite_note-BBC-171">[165]</a> Sixteen people were killed (all Nepali guides) and nine more were injured.<a href="#cite_note-NYr-172">[166]</a> In response to the tragedy, numerous Sherpa climbing guides walked off the job and most climbing companies pulled out in respect for the Sherpa people mourning the loss.<a href="#cite_note-npr-173">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-174">[168]</a> During the season, 13-year-old Malavath Purna reached the summit, becoming the youngest female climber to do so.<a href="#cite_note-Times_of_India-175">[169]</a> One team used a helicopter to fly from South base camp to Camp 2 to avoid the Khumbu Icefall, then reached the Everest summit. This team had to use the south side because the Chinese had denied them a permit to climb. A team member (<a href="/wiki/Wang_Jing_(mountaineer)" title="Wang Jing (mountaineer)">Jing Wang</a>) donated US$30,000 to a local hospital.<a href="#cite_note-news.nationalgeographic.com-176">[170]</a> She was named the Nepali "International Mountaineer of the Year".<a href="#cite_note-news.nationalgeographic.com-176">[170]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Everest3d_qbd_2014116.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Everest3d_qbd_2014116.jpg/330px-Everest3d_qbd_2014116.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Everest3d_qbd_2014116.jpg/495px-Everest3d_qbd_2014116.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Everest3d_qbd_2014116.jpg/660px-Everest3d_qbd_2014116.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>The location of the fatal ice avalanche on the 2014 route, and the revised 2015 route through the Khumbu</figcaption></figure> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> Over 100 people summited Everest from China (Tibet region), and six from Nepal in the 2014 season.<a href="#cite_note-177">[171]</a> This included 72-year-old Bill Burke, the Indian teenage girl, and a Chinese woman Jing Wang.<a href="#cite_note-178">[172]</a> Another teen girl summiter was <a href="/wiki/Ming_Kipa" title="Ming Kipa">Ming Kipa</a> Sherpa who summited with her elder sister <a href="/wiki/Lhakpa_Sherpa" title="Lhakpa Sherpa">Lhakpa Sherpa</a> in 2003, and who had achieved the most times for woman to the summit of Mount Everest at that time.<a href="#cite_note-179">[173]</a> (see also <a href="/wiki/Santosh_Yadav" title="Santosh Yadav">Santosh Yadav</a>) <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2015_avalanche,_earthquake,_season">2015 avalanche, earthquake, season</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2015_Mount_Everest_avalanches" title="2015 Mount Everest avalanches">2015 Mount Everest avalanches</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Everest_from_Kalatop_April_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Everest_from_Kalatop_April_2015.jpg/220px-Everest_from_Kalatop_April_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Everest_from_Kalatop_April_2015.jpg/330px-Everest_from_Kalatop_April_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Everest_from_Kalatop_April_2015.jpg/440px-Everest_from_Kalatop_April_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Everest, April 2015</figcaption></figure> 2015 was set to be a record-breaking season of climbs, with hundreds of permits issued in Nepal and many additional permits in Tibet (China). However, on 25 April 2015, an <a href="/wiki/April_2015_Nepal_earthquake" title="April 2015 Nepal earthquake">earthquake measuring 7.8</a> <a href="/wiki/Moment_magnitude_scale" title="Moment magnitude scale">Mw</a> triggered an avalanche that hit <a href="/wiki/Everest_Base_Camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Everest Base Camp">Everest Base Camp</a>,<a href="#cite_note-180">[174]</a> effectively shutting down the Everest climbing season.<a href="#cite_note-181">[175]</a> 18 bodies were recovered from Mount Everest by the Indian Army mountaineering team.<a href="#cite_note-182">[176]</a> The avalanche began on <a href="/wiki/Pumori" title="Pumori">Pumori</a>,<a href="#cite_note-183">[177]</a> moved through the <a href="/wiki/Khumbu_Icefall" title="Khumbu Icefall">Khumbu Icefall</a> on the southwest side of Mount Everest, and slammed into the <a href="/wiki/Everest_Base_Camp#South_Base_Camp_in_Nepal" class="mw-redirect" title="Everest Base Camp">South Base Camp</a>.<a href="#cite_note-184">[178]</a> 2015 was the first time since 1974 with no spring summits, as all climbing teams pulled out after the quakes and avalanche.<a href="#cite_note-185">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-WillEverest-186">[180]</a> One of the reasons for this was the high probability of aftershocks (over 50 per cent according to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a>).<a href="#cite_note-187">[181]</a> Just weeks after the first quake, the region was rattled again by a 7.3 magnitude quake and there were also <a href="/wiki/List_of_aftershocks_of_April_2015_Nepal_earthquake" class="mw-redirect" title="List of aftershocks of April 2015 Nepal earthquake">many considerable aftershocks</a>.<a href="#cite_note-188">[182]</a> The quakes trapped hundreds of climbers above the Khumbu icefall, and they had to be evacuated by helicopter as they ran low on supplies.<a href="#cite_note-supplies-189">[183]</a> The quake shifted the route through the ice fall, making it essentially impassable to climbers.<a href="#cite_note-supplies-189">[183]</a> Bad weather also made helicopter evacuation difficult.<a href="#cite_note-supplies-189">[183]</a> The Everest tragedy was small compared to the impact overall on Nepal, with almost nine thousand dead<a href="#cite_note-drrportal-190">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-D2015-191">[185]</a> and about 22,000 injured.<a href="#cite_note-drrportal-190">[184]</a> In Tibet, by 28 April at least 25 had died, and 117 were injured.<a href="#cite_note-192">[186]</a> By 29 April 2015, the Tibet Mountaineering Association (North/Chinese side) closed Everest and other peaks to climbing, stranding 25 teams and about 300 people on the north side of Everest.<a href="#cite_note-193">[187]</a> On the south side, helicopters evacuated 180 people trapped at Camps 1 and 2.<a href="#cite_note-194">[188]</a> On 24 August 2015, Nepal re-opened Everest to tourism including mountain climbers.<a href="#cite_note-195">[189]</a> The only climber permit for the autumn season was awarded to Japanese climber Nobukazu Kuriki, who had tried four times previously to summit Everest without success. He made his fifth attempt in October, but had to give up just 700 m (2,300 ft) from the summit due to "strong winds and deep snow".<a href="#cite_note-196">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-197">[191]</a> Some sections of the trail from Lukla to Everest Base Camp (Nepal) were damaged in the earthquakes earlier in the year and needed repairs to handle trekkers.<a href="#cite_note-198">[192]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2016_season">2016 season</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mount_Everest_in_2016" title="Mount Everest in 2016">Mount Everest in 2016</a></div> Hawley's database records 641 made it to the summit in early 2016.<a href="#cite_note-199">[193]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2017_season">2017 season</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mount_Everest_in_2017" title="Mount Everest in 2017">Mount Everest in 2017</a></div> 2017 was the biggest season yet, permit-wise, yielding hundreds of summiters and a handful of deaths.<a href="#cite_note-200">[194]</a> On 27 May 2017, <a href="/wiki/Kami_Rita" title="Kami Rita">Kami Rita</a> made his 21st climb to the summit with the Alpine Ascents Everest Expedition, one of three people in the World along with <a href="/wiki/Apa_Sherpa" title="Apa Sherpa">Apa Sherpa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Phurba_Tashi" title="Phurba Tashi">Phurba Tashi Sherpa</a> to make it to the summit of Mount Everest 21 times.<a href="#cite_note-201">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-202">[196]</a> The season had a tragic start with the death of <a href="/wiki/Ueli_Steck" title="Ueli Steck">Ueli Steck</a> of Switzerland, who died from a fall during a warm-up climb.<a href="#cite_note-203">[197]</a> There was a continued discussion about the nature of possible changes to the <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Step" title="Hillary Step">Hillary Step</a>.<a href="#cite_note-204">[198]</a> Total summiters for 2017 was tallied up to be 648.<a href="#cite_note-telegraph.co.uk1-169">[163]</a> 449 summited via Nepal (from the South) and 120 from Chinese Tibet (North side).<a href="#cite_note-indiatimes.com-205">[199]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2018">2018</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mount_Everest_in_2018" title="Mount Everest in 2018">Mount Everest in 2018</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nepal_2018-03-27_(40012222680).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Nepal_2018-03-27_%2840012222680%29.jpg/220px-Nepal_2018-03-27_%2840012222680%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Nepal_2018-03-27_%2840012222680%29.jpg/330px-Nepal_2018-03-27_%2840012222680%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Nepal_2018-03-27_%2840012222680%29.jpg/440px-Nepal_2018-03-27_%2840012222680%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="3774" /></a><figcaption>Mount Everest in the upper left (March 2018)</figcaption></figure> 807 climbers summited Mount Everest in 2018,<a href="#cite_note-:4-206">[200]</a> including 563 on the Nepal side and 240 from the Chinese Tibet side.<a href="#cite_note-:0x-162">[156]</a> This broke the previous record for total summits in year from which was 667 in 2013, and one factor that aided in this was an especially long and clear weather window of 11 days during the critical spring climbing season.<a href="#cite_note-:0x-162">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto5-207">[201]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-170">[164]</a> Various records were broken, including a summit by double-amputee <a href="/wiki/Xia_Boyu" title="Xia Boyu">Xia Boyu</a>, who undertook his climb after winning a court case in the Nepali Supreme Court.<a href="#cite_note-:0x-162">[156]</a> There were no major disasters, but seven climbers including sherpas as well as international climbers, died in various situations.<a href="#cite_note-:0x-162">[156]</a> Although record numbers of climbers reached the summit, old-time summiters that made expeditions in the 1980s lamented the crowding, feces, and cost.<a href="#cite_note-auto5-207">[201]</a> Figures for the number of permits issued by Nepal range from 347<a href="#cite_note-208">[202]</a> to 375.<a href="#cite_note-209">[203]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2019">2019</h3></div> <table class="wikitable collapsible sortable floatright collapsed" style="font-size: 90%;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align:center;" colspan="2">2019 fatalities<a href="#cite_note-upi.com-210">[204]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_who_died_climbing_Mount_Everest" title="List of people who died climbing Mount Everest">Fatalities</a> </th> <th>Nationality </th></tr> <tr> <td>Chris Daly </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Donald Cash </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Robin Fisher </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Druba Bista </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/16px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/25px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" />   <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kevin Hynes </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kalpana Dash </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Anjali S. Kulkarni </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ernst Landgraf </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nihal Bagwan </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ravi Thakar </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chris Kulish </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Séamus Lawless*<a href="#cite_note-Slater-211">[205]</a> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;">*Declared dead after missing </td></tr></tbody></table> The spring or pre-monsoon window for 2019 witnessed the deaths of a number of climbers. Worldwide publication of images of hundreds of mountaineers queuing to reach the summit and sensational media reports of climbers stepping over dead bodies dismayed people around the world.<a href="#cite_note-212">[206]</a><a href="#cite_note-213">[207]</a><a href="#cite_note-214">[208]</a> There were reports of various winter expeditions in the Himalayas, including K2, Nanga Parbat, and Meru with the buzz for the Everest 2019 beginning just 14 weeks to the weather window.<a href="#cite_note-auto6-215">[209]</a> Noted climber Cory Richards announced on Twitter that he was hoping to establish a new climbing route to the summit in 2019.<a href="#cite_note-auto6-215">[209]</a> Also announced was an expedition to re-measure the height of Everest, particularly in light of the 2015 earthquakes.<a href="#cite_note-216">[210]</a><a href="#cite_note-217">[211]</a> China closed the base-camp to those without climbing permits in February 2019 on the northern side of Mount Everest.<a href="#cite_note-218">[212]</a> By early April, climbing teams from around the world were arriving for the 2019 spring climbing season.<a href="#cite_note-:0-170">[164]</a> Among the teams was a scientific expedition with a planned study of pollution, and how things like snow and vegetation influence the availability of food and water in the region.<a href="#cite_note-219">[213]</a> In the 2019 spring mountaineering season, there were roughly 40 teams with almost 400 climbers and several hundred guides attempting to summit on the Nepali side.<a href="#cite_note-nbcrita-220">[214]</a><a href="#cite_note-cnnrita-221">[215]</a><a href="#cite_note-bbcrita-222">[216]</a> Nepal issued 381 climbing permits for 2019.<a href="#cite_note-:4-206">[200]</a> For the northern routes in Chinese Tibet, several hundred more permits were issued for climbing by authorities there.<a href="#cite_note-223">[217]</a> In May 2019, Nepali mountaineering guide Kami Rita summited Mount Everest twice within a week, his 23rd and 24th ascents, making international news headlines.<a href="#cite_note-:1-224">[218]</a><a href="#cite_note-nbcrita-220">[214]</a><a href="#cite_note-cnnrita-221">[215]</a> He first summited Everest in 1994, and has summited several other extremely high mountains, such as K2 and Lhotse.<a href="#cite_note-nbcrita-220">[214]</a><a href="#cite_note-cnnrita-221">[215]</a><a href="#cite_note-bbcrita-222">[216]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-224">[218]</a> By 23 May 2019, about seven people had died, possibly due to crowding leading to delays high on the mountain, and shorter weather windows.<a href="#cite_note-:4-206">[200]</a> One 19-year-old who summited previously noted that when the weather window opens, long lines form as everyone rushes to get the top and back down.<a href="#cite_note-225">[219]</a> In Chinese Tibet, one Austrian climber died from a fall,<a href="#cite_note-:4-206">[200]</a> and by 26 May 2019 the overall number of deaths for the spring climbing season rose to 10.<a href="#cite_note-226">[220]</a><a href="#cite_note-:5-227">[221]</a><a href="#cite_note-228">[222]</a> By 28 May, the death toll increased to 11 when a climber died at about 7,900 m (26,000 ft) during the descent,<a href="#cite_note-upi.com-210">[204]</a> and a 12th climber missing and presumed dead.<a href="#cite_note-Slater-211">[205]</a> Despite the number of deaths, reports indicated that a record 891 climbers summited in the spring 2019 climbing season.<a href="#cite_note-:6-229">[223]</a><a href="#cite_note-time5604758-163">[157]</a> Although China has had various permit restrictions, and Nepal requires a doctor to sign off on climbing permits,<a href="#cite_note-:6-229">[223]</a> the natural dangers of climbing such as falls and avalanches combined with medical issues aggravated by Everest's extreme altitude led to 2019 being a year with a comparatively high death toll.<a href="#cite_note-:6-229">[223]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2020s">2020s</h3></div> Both Nepal and China prohibited foreign climbing groups during the 2020 season, due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>. 2020 was the third year in this decade after 2014 and 2015 which saw no summits from the Nepal (South) Side.<a href="#cite_note-230">[224]</a> A team of Chinese surveyors climbed Mt. Everest from the North side during April–May 2020, becoming the only climbers to summit the world's highest peak during the pandemic, at least through May. The team was there to re-measure the height of Mount Everest.<a href="#cite_note-231">[225]</a> On 12 May 2022, the first all-Black team summited Mt. Everest. Seven men and two women climbers from the U.S. and Kenya, guided by eight sherpas, comprised the expedition.<a href="#cite_note-232">[226]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climbing">Climbing</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hillary_Step_near_Everest_top_(retouched).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Hillary_Step_near_Everest_top_%28retouched%29.jpg/220px-Hillary_Step_near_Everest_top_%28retouched%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Hillary_Step_near_Everest_top_%28retouched%29.jpg/330px-Hillary_Step_near_Everest_top_%28retouched%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Hillary_Step_near_Everest_top_%28retouched%29.jpg/440px-Hillary_Step_near_Everest_top_%28retouched%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>Looking up along the southern ridgeline, the face of the <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Step" title="Hillary Step">Hillary Step</a> is visible. The top of the South-West face is on the left in shadow, and in the light to the right is the top of the East/Kangshung face. In 2016 and 2017 there were serious reports that the Hillary Step was changed, which triggered a big discussion in the climbing community. (2010 photo)</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable" style="width:20%; float:right;"> <caption>Typical Nepal Camp Altitudes<a href="#cite_note-233">[227]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Location </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2">Altitude (km) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Summit 8848 m / 29035 ft. </th> <td>8.8 </td> <td align="left">8.8<div style="width:88px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Camp 4 8000 m / 26000 ft. </th> <td>8.0 </td> <td align="left">8<div style="width:80px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Camp 3 6800m / 22300 ft. </th> <td>6.8 </td> <td align="left">6.8<div style="width:68px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Camp 2 6400 m / 21000 ft. </th> <td>6.4 </td> <td align="left">6.4<div style="width:64px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Camp 1 6100 m / 20000 ft. </th> <td>6.1 </td> <td align="left">6.1<div style="width:61px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Base camp 5400 m / 17700 ft. </th> <td>5.4 </td> <td align="left">5.4<div style="width:54px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;"> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Permits">Permits</h3></div> In 2014, Nepal issued 334 climbing permits, which were extended until 2019 due to the closure.<a href="#cite_note-ekantipur1-234">[228]</a> In 2015, Nepal issued 357 permits, but the mountain was closed again because of the avalanche and earthquake, and these permits were given a two-year extension to 2017.<a href="#cite_note-kathmandupost.ekantipur.com-235">[229]</a><a href="#cite_note-ekantipur1-234">[228]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] In 2017, a person who tried to climb Everest without the $11,000 permit was caught after he made it past the Khumbu icefall. He faced, among other penalties, a $22,000 fine and a possible four years in jail. In the end, he was allowed to return home but banned from mountaineering in Nepal for 10 years.<a href="#cite_note-236">[230]</a> The number of permits issued each year by Nepal is:<a href="#cite_note-kathmandupost.ekantipur.com-235">[229]</a><a href="#cite_note-237">[231]</a> <ul><li>2008: 160</li> <li>2009: 220</li> <li>2010: 209</li> <li>2011: 225</li> <li>2012: 208</li> <li>2013: 316</li> <li>2014: 326 (extended for use through 2019)</li> <li>2015: 356 (extended for use through 2017)</li> <li>2016: 289</li> <li>2017: 366 to 373</li> <li>2018: 346</li> <li>2019: 381</li> <li>2020: 0 (no permits issued during the pandemic)</li> <li>2021: 408 (current record)<a href="#cite_note-238">[232]</a><a href="#cite_note-239">[233]</a></li></ul> The Chinese side in Tibet is also managed with permits for summiting Everest.<a href="#cite_note-240">[234]</a> They did not issue permits in 2008, due to the <a href="/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics_summit_of_Mt._Everest" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 Summer Olympics summit of Mt. Everest">Olympic torch relay being taken to the summit of Mount Everest.</a><a href="#cite_note-241">[235]</a> In March 2020, the governments of China and Nepal cancelled all climbing permits for Mount Everest due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-242">[236]</a><a href="#cite_note-243">[237]</a> In April 2020, a group of Chinese mountaineers began an expedition from the Chinese side. The mountain remained closed on the Chinese side to all foreign climbers.<a href="#cite_note-244">[238]</a> On 10 May 2021, a separation line was announced by Chinese authorities to prevent the spread of coronavirus from climbers ascending Nepal's side.<a href="#cite_note-245">[239]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commercial_climbing">Commercial climbing</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_World%E2%80%99s_Tallest_Mountain_(15473492788).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/The_World%E2%80%99s_Tallest_Mountain_%2815473492788%29.jpg/220px-The_World%E2%80%99s_Tallest_Mountain_%2815473492788%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/The_World%E2%80%99s_Tallest_Mountain_%2815473492788%29.jpg/330px-The_World%E2%80%99s_Tallest_Mountain_%2815473492788%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/The_World%E2%80%99s_Tallest_Mountain_%2815473492788%29.jpg/440px-The_World%E2%80%99s_Tallest_Mountain_%2815473492788%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Top down view showing the location of the summit, and its three main faces/sides</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Everest_Base_Camp_on_a_Stormy_Day.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Everest_Base_Camp_on_a_Stormy_Day.jpg/220px-Everest_Base_Camp_on_a_Stormy_Day.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Everest_Base_Camp_on_a_Stormy_Day.jpg/330px-Everest_Base_Camp_on_a_Stormy_Day.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Everest_Base_Camp_on_a_Stormy_Day.jpg/440px-Everest_Base_Camp_on_a_Stormy_Day.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Everest_base_camps" title="Everest base camps">Everest Base Camp</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gorakshep,_Everest_Zone,_Nepal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Gorakshep%2C_Everest_Zone%2C_Nepal.jpg/220px-Gorakshep%2C_Everest_Zone%2C_Nepal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Gorakshep%2C_Everest_Zone%2C_Nepal.jpg/330px-Gorakshep%2C_Everest_Zone%2C_Nepal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Gorakshep%2C_Everest_Zone%2C_Nepal.jpg/440px-Gorakshep%2C_Everest_Zone%2C_Nepal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2688" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gorakshep" title="Gorakshep">Gorak Shep</a> is about a three-hour walk to South EBC (Everest Base Camp).<a href="#cite_note-246">[240]</a></figcaption></figure> According to <a href="/wiki/Jon_Krakauer" title="Jon Krakauer">Jon Krakauer</a>, the era of <a href="/wiki/Commercialization" title="Commercialization">commercialisation</a> of Everest started in 1985, when the summit was reached by a guided expedition led by <a href="/wiki/David_Breashears" title="David Breashears">David Breashears</a> that included <a href="/wiki/Richard_Bass" title="Richard Bass">Richard Bass</a>, a wealthy 55-year-old businessman and an amateur mountain climber with four years of climbing experience.<a href="#cite_note-247">[241]</a> By the early-1990s, several companies were offering guided tours to the mountain. <a href="/wiki/Rob_Hall" title="Rob Hall">Rob Hall</a>, one of the mountaineers who died in the <a href="/wiki/1996_Mount_Everest_disaster" title="1996 Mount Everest disaster">1996 disaster</a>, had successfully guided 39 clients to the summit before that incident.<a href="#cite_note-Krakauer-1997-248">[242]</a>: 24, 42  By 2016, most guiding services cost between US$35,000 and US$200,000.<a href="#cite_note-heraldsun.com.au-249">[243]</a> Going with a "celebrity guide", usually a well-known mountaineer typically with decades of climbing experience and perhaps several Everest summits, can cost over £100,000 as of 2015.<a href="#cite_note-250">[244]</a> However, the services offered vary widely and it is "buyer beware" when doing deals in Nepal, one of the poorest and least developed countries in the world.<a href="#cite_note-heraldsun.com.au-249">[243]</a><a href="#cite_note-251">[245]</a> Tourism contributed 7.9 per cent of the <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">gross domestic product</a> (GDP) in 2019<a href="#cite_note-252">[246]</a> in a country with high unemployment,<a href="#cite_note-253">[247]</a> but an Everest porter can make nearly double the nation's average wage in a region in which other sources of income are lacking.<a href="#cite_note-254">[248]</a> Costs beyond the guiding service can vary widely. It is technically possible to reach the summit with minimal additional expenses, and there are "budget" travel agencies that offer logistical support for such trips. A limited support service, offering only some meals at base camp and bureaucratic overhead like a permit, can cost as little as US$7,000 as of 2007.<a href="#cite_note-thefever-150">[144]</a> However, this is considered difficult and dangerous (as illustrated by the case of <a href="/wiki/David_Sharp_(mountaineer)" title="David Sharp (mountaineer)">David Sharp</a>).[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Climbing gear required to reach the summit may cost in excess of US$8,000, and most climbers also use <a href="/wiki/Bottled_oxygen_(climbing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bottled oxygen (climbing)">bottled oxygen</a>, which adds around US$3,000.<a href="#cite_note-ClimbingMagazineCost-255">[249]</a> The permit to enter the Everest area from the south via Nepal costs US$10,000 to US$30,000 per person, depending on the size of the team.<a href="#cite_note-ClimbingMagazineCost-255">[249]</a> The ascent typically starts at one of the <a href="/wiki/Everest_base_camps" title="Everest base camps">two base camps</a> near the mountain, both of which are approximately 100 kilometres (60 mi) from <a href="/wiki/Kathmandu" title="Kathmandu">Kathmandu</a> and 300 kilometres (190 mi) from <a href="/wiki/Lhasa" title="Lhasa">Lhasa</a> (the two nearest cities with major airports). Transferring one's equipment from the airport to the base camp may add as much as US$2,000.<a href="#cite_note-ClimbingMagazineCost-255">[249]</a> Many climbers hire "full service" guide companies, which provide a wide spectrum of services, including the acquisition of permits, transportation to/from base camp, food, tents, <a href="/wiki/Fixed_ropes" class="mw-redirect" title="Fixed ropes">fixed ropes</a>,<a href="#cite_note-256">[250]</a> medical assistance while on the mountain, an experienced mountaineer guide, and even personal porters to carry one's backpack and cook one's meals. The cost of such a guide service may range from US$40,000 to $80,000 per person.<a href="#cite_note-257">[251]</a> Since most equipment is moved by <a href="/wiki/Sherpa_people" title="Sherpa people">Sherpas</a>, clients of full-service guide companies can often keep their backpack weights under 10 kilograms (22 lb), or hire a Sherpa to carry their backpack for them. By contrast, climbers attempting less commercialised peaks, like <a href="/wiki/Denali" title="Denali">Denali</a>, are often expected to carry backpacks over 30 kilograms (66 lb) and, occasionally, to tow a <a href="/wiki/Sled" title="Sled">sled</a> with 35 kilograms (77 lb) of gear and food.<a href="#cite_note-258">[252]</a> The degree of commercialisation of Mount Everest is a frequent subject of criticism.<a href="#cite_note-NG-20130600-164">[158]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jamling_Tenzing_Norgay" title="Jamling Tenzing Norgay">Jamling Tenzing Norgay</a>, the son of <a href="/wiki/Tenzing_Norgay" title="Tenzing Norgay">Tenzing Norgay</a>, said in a 2003 interview that his late father would have been shocked to discover that rich thrill-seekers with no climbing experience were now routinely reaching the summit, "You still have to climb this mountain yourself with your feet. But the spirit of adventure is not there any more. It is lost. There are people going up there who have no idea how to put on <a href="/wiki/Crampons" title="Crampons">crampons</a>. They are climbing because they have paid someone $65,000. It is very selfish. It endangers the lives of others."<a href="#cite_note-259">[253]</a> One example of this is <a href="/wiki/Shriya_Shah-Klorfine" title="Shriya Shah-Klorfine">Shriya Shah-Klorfine</a>, who had to be taught how to put on crampons during her summit attempt in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-260">[254]</a> She paid at least US$40,000 to a new guiding company for the trip, and died when she ran out of oxygen during the descent after climbing for 27 hours straight.<a href="#cite_note-261">[255]</a> <a href="/wiki/Reinhold_Messner" title="Reinhold Messner">Reinhold Messner</a> concurred in 2004: <blockquote>You could die in each climb and that meant you were responsible for yourself. We were real mountaineers: careful, aware and even afraid. By climbing mountains we were not learning how big we were. We were finding out how breakable, how weak and how full of fear we are. You can only get this if you expose yourself to high danger. I have always said that a mountain without danger is not a mountain....High altitude alpinism has become tourism and show. These commercial trips to Everest, they are still dangerous. But the guides and organisers tell clients, 'Don't worry, it's all organised.' The route is prepared by hundreds of Sherpas. Extra oxygen is available in all camps, right up to the summit. People will cook for you and lay out your beds. Clients feel safe and don't care about the risks.<a href="#cite_note-262">[256]</a></blockquote> By 2015, Nepal was considering requiring that climbers have some experience, hoping this would both make the mountain safer and increase revenue.<a href="#cite_note-263">[257]</a> One barrier to this is that low-budget firms make money not taking inexperienced climbers to the summit.<a href="#cite_note-heraldsun.com.au-249">[243]</a> Those turned away by Western firms can often find another firm willing to take them for a price—that they return home soon after arriving after base camp, or part way up the mountain.<a href="#cite_note-heraldsun.com.au-249">[243]</a> However, not all opinions on the subject among prominent mountaineers have been strictly negative. For example, <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Hillary" title="Edmund Hillary">Edmund Hillary</a> stated in 2003 that while "Having people pay $65,000 and then be led up the mountain by a couple of experienced guides...isn't really mountaineering at all",<a href="#cite_note-264">[258]</a> he was pleased by the changes brought to Everest area by Westerners: <blockquote>I don't have any regrets because I worked very hard indeed to improve the condition for the local people. When we first went in there they didn't have any schools, they didn't have any medical facilities, all over the years we have established 27 schools, we have two hospitals and a dozen medical clinics and then we've built bridges over wild mountain rivers and put in fresh water pipelines so in cooperation with the Sherpas we've done a lot to benefit them.<a href="#cite_note-265">[259]</a></blockquote> One of the early guided summiters, Richard Bass (of <a href="/wiki/Seven_Summits" title="Seven Summits">Seven Summits</a> fame) stated in 2003 that "Climbers should have high altitude experience before they attempt the really big mountains. People don't realise the difference between a 20,000-foot [6,100 m] mountain and 29,000-foot [8,800 m]. It's not just arithmetic. The reduction of oxygen in the air is proportionate to the altitude alright, but the effect on the human body is disproportionate—an exponential curve. People climb Denali [6,190 m or 20,320 ft] or Aconcagua [6,960 m or 22,834 ft] and think, 'Heck, I feel great up here, I'm going to try Everest.' But it's not like that."<a href="#cite_note-bass-266">[260]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Routes">Routes</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:STS058-101-12_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/STS058-101-12_2.JPG/220px-STS058-101-12_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/STS058-101-12_2.JPG/330px-STS058-101-12_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/STS058-101-12_2.JPG/440px-STS058-101-12_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>Overview South Col route and North Col/Ridge route</figcaption></figure> Mount Everest has two main climbing routes, the southeast ridge from <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> and the north ridge from <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a>, as well as many other less frequently climbed routes.<a href="#cite_note-evhist-267">[261]</a> Of the two main routes, the southeast ridge is technically easier and more frequently used. It was the route used by <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Hillary" title="Edmund Hillary">Edmund Hillary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tenzing_Norgay" title="Tenzing Norgay">Tenzing Norgay</a> in 1953 and the first recognised of 15 routes to the top by 1996.<a href="#cite_note-evhist-267">[261]</a> This was, however, a route decision dictated more by politics than by design, as the Chinese border was closed to the western world in the 1950s, after <a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Tibet_by_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China">Annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ngetl-268">[262]</a> Most attempts are made during May, before the summer <a href="/wiki/Monsoon" title="Monsoon">monsoon</a> season. As the monsoon season approaches, the <a href="/wiki/Jet_stream" title="Jet stream">jet stream</a> shifts northward, thereby reducing the average wind speeds high on the mountain.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes-269">[263]</a><a href="#cite_note-te03-270">[264]</a> While attempts are sometimes made in September and October, after the monsoons, when the jet stream is again temporarily pushed northward, the additional snow deposited by the monsoons and the less stable weather patterns at the monsoons' tail end makes climbing extremely difficult. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Southeast_ridge">Southeast ridge</h4></div> The ascent via the southeast ridge begins with a trek to <a href="/wiki/Everest_Base_Camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Everest Base Camp">Base Camp</a> at 5,380 m (17,700 ft) on the south side of Everest, in Nepal. Expeditions usually fly into <a href="/wiki/Lukla" title="Lukla">Lukla</a> (2,860 m) from <a href="/wiki/Kathmandu" title="Kathmandu">Kathmandu</a> and pass through <a href="/wiki/Namche_Bazaar" title="Namche Bazaar">Namche Bazaar</a>. Climbers then hike to Base Camp, which usually takes six to eight days, allowing for proper altitude acclimatisation in order to prevent <a href="/wiki/Altitude_sickness" title="Altitude sickness">altitude sickness</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Acclimatization-271">[265]</a> Climbing equipment and supplies are carried by <a href="/wiki/Yak" title="Yak">yaks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dzo" title="Dzo">dzopkyos</a> (yak-cow hybrids), and human <a href="/wiki/Porter_(carrier)" title="Porter (carrier)">porters</a> to Base Camp on the <a href="/wiki/Khumbu_Glacier" title="Khumbu Glacier">Khumbu Glacier</a>. When Hillary and Tenzing climbed Everest in 1953, the British expedition they were part of (comprising over 400 climbers, porters, and Sherpas at that point) started from the <a href="/wiki/Kathmandu_Valley" title="Kathmandu Valley">Kathmandu Valley</a>, as there were no roads further east at that time. Climbers spend a couple of weeks in Base Camp, acclimatising to the altitude. During that time, <a href="/wiki/Sherpa_(people)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sherpa (people)">Sherpas</a> and some expedition climbers set up ropes and ladders in the treacherous <a href="/wiki/Khumbu_Icefall" title="Khumbu Icefall">Khumbu Icefall</a>. <a href="/wiki/Serac" title="Serac">Seracs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crevasse" title="Crevasse">crevasses</a>, and shifting blocks of ice make the icefall one of the most dangerous sections of the route. Many climbers and Sherpas have been killed in this section. To reduce the hazard, climbers usually begin their ascent well before dawn, when the freezing temperatures glue ice blocks in place. Above the icefall is Camp I at 6,065 metres (19,900 ft). <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Inside_Khumbu-Icefall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Inside_Khumbu-Icefall.jpg/220px-Inside_Khumbu-Icefall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Inside_Khumbu-Icefall.jpg/330px-Inside_Khumbu-Icefall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Inside_Khumbu-Icefall.jpg/440px-Inside_Khumbu-Icefall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Climber traversing Khumbu Icefall</figcaption></figure> From Camp I, climbers make their way up the <a href="/wiki/Western_Cwm" title="Western Cwm">Western Cwm</a> to the base of the <a href="/wiki/Lhotse" title="Lhotse">Lhotse</a> face, where Camp II or Advanced Base Camp (ABC) is established at 6,500 m (21,300 ft). The Western Cwm is a flat, gently rising glacial valley, marked by huge lateral crevasses in the centre, which prevent direct access to the upper reaches of the Cwm. Climbers are forced to cross on the far right, near the base of <a href="/wiki/Nuptse" title="Nuptse">Nuptse</a>, to a small passageway known as the "Nuptse corner". The Western Cwm is also called the "Valley of Silence" as the topography of the area generally cuts off wind from the climbing route. The <a href="/wiki/High_altitude" class="mw-redirect" title="High altitude">high altitude</a> and a clear, windless day can make the Western Cwm unbearably hot for climbers.<a href="#cite_note-nova-climb-272">[266]</a> From Camp II, climbers ascend the Lhotse face on <a href="/wiki/Fixed_rope" title="Fixed rope">fixed ropes</a>, up to Camp III, located on a small ledge at 7,470 m (24,500 ft). From there, it is another 500 metres to Camp IV on the <a href="/wiki/South_Col" title="South Col">South Col</a> at 7,920 m (26,000 ft). From Camp III to Camp IV, climbers are faced with two additional challenges: the <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Spur" title="Geneva Spur">Geneva Spur</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Band" class="mw-redirect" title="Yellow Band">Yellow Band</a>. The Geneva Spur is an anvil-shaped rib of black rock named by the <a href="/wiki/1952_Swiss_Mount_Everest_Expedition" class="mw-redirect" title="1952 Swiss Mount Everest Expedition">1952 Swiss expedition</a>. Fixed ropes assist climbers in <a href="/wiki/Scrambling" title="Scrambling">scrambling</a> over this snow-covered rock band. The Yellow Band is a section of interlayered <a href="/wiki/Marble" title="Marble">marble</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phyllite" title="Phyllite">phyllite</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Schist" title="Schist">semischist</a>, which also requires about 100 metres of rope for traversing it.<a href="#cite_note-nova-climb-272">[266]</a> On the <a href="/wiki/South_Col" title="South Col">South Col</a>, climbers enter the <a href="/wiki/Death_zone" title="Death zone">death zone</a>. Climbers making summit bids typically can endure no more than two or three days at this altitude. If the weather is not clear with low winds during these short few days, climbers are forced to descend, many all the way back down to Base Camp. From Camp IV, climbers begin their summit push around midnight, with hopes of reaching the summit (still another 1,000 metres above) within 10 to 12 hours. Climbers first reach "The Balcony" at 8,400 m (27,600 ft), a small platform where they can rest and gaze at peaks to the south and east in the early light of dawn. Continuing up the ridge, climbers are then faced with a series of imposing rock steps which usually forces them to the east into the waist-deep snow, a serious <a href="/wiki/Avalanche" title="Avalanche">avalanche</a> hazard. At 8,750 m (28,700 ft), a small table-sized dome of ice and snow marks the <a href="/wiki/South_Summit_(Everest)" class="mw-redirect" title="South Summit (Everest)">South Summit</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nova-climb-272">[266]</a> From the South Summit, climbers follow the knife-edge southeast ridge along what is known as the "Cornice traverse", where snow clings to intermittent rock. This is the most exposed section of the climb, and a misstep to the left would send one 2,400 m (7,900 ft) down the southwest face, while to the immediate right is the 3,050 m (10,010 ft) <a href="/wiki/Kangshung_Face" title="Kangshung Face">Kangshung Face</a>. At the end of this traverse is an imposing 12 m (39 ft) rock wall, the <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Step" title="Hillary Step">Hillary Step</a>, at 8,790 m (28,840 ft).<a href="#cite_note-273">[267]</a> Hillary and Tenzing were the first climbers to ascend this step, and they did so using primitive ice climbing equipment and ropes. Nowadays, climbers ascend this step using fixed ropes previously set up by Sherpas. Once above the step, it is a comparatively easy climb to the top on moderately angled snow slopes—though the <a href="/wiki/Exposure_(heights)" title="Exposure (heights)">exposure</a> on the ridge is extreme, especially while traversing large cornices of snow. With increasing numbers of people climbing the mountain in recent[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">when?</a>] years, the Step has frequently become a bottleneck, with climbers forced to wait significant amounts of time for their turn on the ropes, leading to problems in getting climbers efficiently up and down the mountain.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] After the Hillary Step, climbers also must traverse a loose and rocky section that has a large entanglement of fixed ropes that can be troublesome in bad weather. Climbers typically spend less than half an hour at the summit to allow time to descend to Camp IV before darkness sets in, to avoid serious problems with afternoon weather, or because supplemental oxygen tanks run out. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="North_ridge_route">North ridge route</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Three_Steps" title="Three Steps">Three Steps</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mount_Everest_North_Face.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Mount_Everest_North_Face.jpg/220px-Mount_Everest_North_Face.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Mount_Everest_North_Face.jpg/330px-Mount_Everest_North_Face.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Mount_Everest_North_Face.jpg/440px-Mount_Everest_North_Face.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="864" /></a><figcaption>Mount Everest north face from <a href="/wiki/Rongbuk_Monastery" title="Rongbuk Monastery">Rongbuk</a> in Tibet</figcaption></figure> The north ridge route begins from the north side of Everest, in <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a>. Expeditions trek to the <a href="/wiki/Rongbuk_Glacier" title="Rongbuk Glacier">Rongbuk Glacier</a>, setting up base camp at 5,180 m (16,990 ft) on a gravel plain just below the glacier. To reach Camp II, climbers ascend the medial moraine of the east Rongbuk Glacier up to the base of <a href="/wiki/Changtse" title="Changtse">Changtse</a>, at around 6,100 m (20,000 ft). Camp III (ABC – Advanced Base Camp) is situated below the <a href="/wiki/North_Col" title="North Col">North Col</a> at 6,500 m (21,300 ft). To reach Camp IV on the North Col, climbers ascend the glacier to the foot of the col where fixed ropes are used to reach the North Col at 7,010 m (23,000 ft). From the North Col, climbers ascend the rocky north ridge to set up Camp V at around 7,775 m (25,500 ft). The route crosses the North Face in a diagonal climb to the base of the Yellow Band, reaching the site of Camp VI at 8,230 m (27,000 ft). From Camp VI, climbers make their final summit push. Climbers face a treacherous traverse from the base of the First Step: ascending from 8,501 to 8,534 m (27,890 to 28,000 ft), to the crux of the climb, the Second Step, ascending from 8,577 to 8,626 m (28,140 to 28,300 ft). (The Second Step includes a climbing aid called the "Chinese ladder", a metal ladder placed semi-permanently in 1975 by a party of Chinese climbers.<a href="#cite_note-274">[268]</a> It has been almost continuously in place since, and ladders have been used by virtually all climbers on the route.) Once above the Second Step the inconsequential Third Step is clambered over, ascending from 8,690 to 8,800 m (28,510 to 28,870 ft). Once above these steps, the summit pyramid is climbed by a snow slope of 50 degrees, to the final summit ridge along which the top is reached.<a href="#cite_note-NOVA_wtsn-275">[269]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Summit">Summit</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amanecer_desde_la_cima_del_Everest_por_Carlos_Pauner.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Amanecer_desde_la_cima_del_Everest_por_Carlos_Pauner.JPG/220px-Amanecer_desde_la_cima_del_Everest_por_Carlos_Pauner.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Amanecer_desde_la_cima_del_Everest_por_Carlos_Pauner.JPG/330px-Amanecer_desde_la_cima_del_Everest_por_Carlos_Pauner.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Amanecer_desde_la_cima_del_Everest_por_Carlos_Pauner.JPG/440px-Amanecer_desde_la_cima_del_Everest_por_Carlos_Pauner.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>A view from the summit of Mount Everest in May 2013</figcaption></figure> The summit of Everest has been described as "the size of a dining room table".<a href="#cite_note-276">[270]</a> The summit is capped with snow over ice over rock, and the layer of snow varies from year to year.<a href="#cite_note-sci-277">[271]</a> The rock summit is made of Ordovician <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a> and is a low-grade metamorphic rock.<a href="#cite_note-278">[272]</a> (See the <a href="#Surveys">Surveys</a> section for more on its height and about the Everest rock summit.) Below the summit, there is an area known as "rainbow valley", filled with dead bodies still wearing brightly coloured winter gear. Down to about 8,000 m (26,000 ft) is an area commonly called the "death zone", due to the high danger and low oxygen because of the low pressure.<a href="#cite_note-dz-94">[88]</a> Below the summit the mountain slopes downward to the three main sides, or faces, of Mount Everest: the <a href="/wiki/North_Face_(Everest)" title="North Face (Everest)">North Face</a>, the South-West Face, and the East/<a href="/wiki/Kangshung_Face" title="Kangshung Face">Kangshung Face</a>.<a href="#cite_note-facts-279">[273]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death_zone">Death zone</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Effects_of_high_altitude_on_humans" title="Effects of high altitude on humans">Effects of high altitude on humans</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Everest_Peace_Project_-_Everest_summit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Everest_Peace_Project_-_Everest_summit.jpg/220px-Everest_Peace_Project_-_Everest_summit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Everest_Peace_Project_-_Everest_summit.jpg/330px-Everest_Peace_Project_-_Everest_summit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Everest_Peace_Project_-_Everest_summit.jpg/440px-Everest_Peace_Project_-_Everest_summit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="508" data-file-height="311" /></a><figcaption>The summit of Mount Everest from the North side</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Everest-fromKalarPatar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Everest-fromKalarPatar.jpg/220px-Everest-fromKalarPatar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Everest-fromKalarPatar.jpg/330px-Everest-fromKalarPatar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Everest-fromKalarPatar.jpg/440px-Everest-fromKalarPatar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1759" data-file-height="1163" /></a><figcaption>From <a href="/wiki/Kala_Patthar" title="Kala Patthar">Kala Patthar</a>, Nepal</figcaption></figure> At the higher regions of Mount Everest, climbers seeking the summit typically spend substantial time within the <a href="/wiki/Death_zone" title="Death zone">death zone</a> (altitudes higher than 8,000 metres (26,000 ft)), and face significant challenges to survival. Temperatures can dip to very low levels, resulting in <a href="/wiki/Frostbite" title="Frostbite">frostbite</a> of any body part exposed to the air. Since temperatures are so low, snow is well-frozen in certain areas and death or injury by slipping and falling can occur. High winds at these altitudes on Everest are also a potential threat to climbers. Another significant <a href="/wiki/Breathing#Effects_of_ambient_air_pressure" title="Breathing">threat to climbers is low atmospheric pressure</a>. The atmospheric pressure at the top of Everest is about a third of sea level pressure or 0.333 standard atmospheres (337 mbar), resulting in the availability of only about a third as much oxygen to breathe.<a href="#cite_note-280">[274]</a> Debilitating effects of the death zone are so great that it takes most climbers up to 12 hours to walk the distance of 1.72 kilometres (1.07 mi) from South Col to the summit.<a href="#cite_note-281">[275]</a> Achieving even this level of performance requires prolonged altitude acclimatisation, which takes 40–60 days for a typical expedition. A sea-level dweller exposed to the atmospheric conditions at the altitude above 8,500 m (27,900 ft) without acclimatisation would likely lose consciousness within two to three minutes.<a href="#cite_note-282">[276]</a> In May 2007, the Caudwell Xtreme Everest undertook a medical study of oxygen levels in human blood at extreme altitude. Over 200 volunteers climbed to Everest Base Camp where various medical tests were performed to examine blood oxygen levels. A small team also performed tests on the way to the summit.<a href="#cite_note-283">[277]</a> Even at base camp, the low <a href="/wiki/Partial_pressure" title="Partial pressure">partial pressure</a> of oxygen had direct effect on blood oxygen saturation levels. At sea level, <a href="/wiki/Oxygen_saturation_(medicine)#Definition" title="Oxygen saturation (medicine)">blood oxygen saturation</a> is generally 98 to 99 per cent. At base camp, blood saturation fell to between 85 and 87 per cent. Blood samples taken at the summit indicated very low oxygen levels in the blood. A side effect of low blood oxygen is a greatly increased breathing rate, often 80–90 breaths per minute as opposed to a more typical 20–30. Exhaustion can occur merely by attempting to breathe.<a href="#cite_note-284">[278]</a> Lack of oxygen, exhaustion, extreme cold, and climbing hazards all contribute to the death toll. An injured person who cannot walk is in serious trouble, since rescue by helicopter is generally impractical and carrying the person off the mountain is very risky. People who die during the climb are typically left behind. As of 2015, over 200 bodies remain on the mountain.<a href="#cite_note-Nuwer-12">[8]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">Debilitating symptoms consistent with high altitude cerebral oedema commonly present during descent from the summit of Mount Everest. Profound fatigue and late times in reaching the summit are early features associated with subsequent death.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Mortality on Mount Everest, 1921–2006: descriptive study<a href="#cite_note-285">[279]</a></cite></div></blockquote> A 2008 study noted that the "death zone" is indeed where most Everest deaths occur, but also noted that most deaths occur during descent from the summit.<a href="#cite_note-286">[280]</a> A 2014 article in <a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a> about deaths on Everest noted that while falling is one of the greatest dangers the death zone presents for all 8000ers, avalanches are a more common cause of death at lower altitudes.<a href="#cite_note-atlan-287">[281]</a> Despite this, Everest is safer for climbers than a number of peaks by some measurements, but it depends on the period.<a href="#cite_note-safer-288">[282]</a> Some examples are <a href="/wiki/Kangchenjunga" title="Kangchenjunga">Kangchenjunga</a>, <a href="/wiki/K2" title="K2">K2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Annapurna_Massif" class="mw-redirect" title="Annapurna Massif">Annapurna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nanga_Parbat" title="Nanga Parbat">Nanga Parbat</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Eiger" title="Eiger">Eiger</a> (especially the <abbr title="north wall">nordwand</abbr>).<a href="#cite_note-safer-288">[282]</a> Some factors that affect total mountain lethality include the level of popularity of the mountain, the skill of those climbing, and the difficulty of the climb.<a href="#cite_note-killermountains-289">[283]</a> Another health hazard is <a href="/wiki/Retinal_haemorrhage" title="Retinal haemorrhage">retinal haemorrhages</a>, which can damage eyesight and cause blindness.<a href="#cite_note-eyes-290">[284]</a> Up to a quarter of Everest climbers can experience retinal haemorrhages, and although they usually heal within weeks of returning to lower altitudes, in 2010 a climber went blind and died in the death zone.<a href="#cite_note-eyes-290">[284]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">At one o'clock in the afternoon, the British climber Peter Kinloch was on the roof of the world, in bright sunlight, taking photographs of the Himalayas below, "elated, cheery and bubbly". But Mount Everest is now his grave, because only minutes later, he suddenly went blind and had to be abandoned to die from the cold.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>A. McSmith<a href="#cite_note-eyes-290">[284]</a></cite></div></blockquote> The team made a huge effort for the next 12 hours to try to get him down the mountain, but to no avail, as they were unsuccessful in getting him through the difficult sections.<a href="#cite_note-theweek1-291">[285]</a> Even for the able, the Everest North-East ridge is recognised as a challenge. It is hard to rescue someone who has become incapacitated and it can be beyond the ability of rescuers to save anyone in such a difficult spot.<a href="#cite_note-theweek1-291">[285]</a> One way around this situation was pioneered by two Nepali men in 2011, who had intended to paraglide off the summit. They had no choice and were forced to go through with their plan anyway, because they had run out of bottled oxygen and supplies.<a href="#cite_note-abcnews1-292">[286]</a> They successfully launched off the summit and para-glided down to <a href="/wiki/Namche_Bazaar" title="Namche Bazaar">Namche Bazaar</a> in just 42 minutes, without having to climb down the mountain.<a href="#cite_note-abcnews1-292">[286]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Supplemental_oxygen">Supplemental oxygen</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iv%C3%A1n_Ernesto_G%C3%B3mez_Carrasco_en_la_cima_del_Monte_Everest.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Iv%C3%A1n_Ernesto_G%C3%B3mez_Carrasco_en_la_cima_del_Monte_Everest.jpg/170px-Iv%C3%A1n_Ernesto_G%C3%B3mez_Carrasco_en_la_cima_del_Monte_Everest.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Iv%C3%A1n_Ernesto_G%C3%B3mez_Carrasco_en_la_cima_del_Monte_Everest.jpg/255px-Iv%C3%A1n_Ernesto_G%C3%B3mez_Carrasco_en_la_cima_del_Monte_Everest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Iv%C3%A1n_Ernesto_G%C3%B3mez_Carrasco_en_la_cima_del_Monte_Everest.jpg/340px-Iv%C3%A1n_Ernesto_G%C3%B3mez_Carrasco_en_la_cima_del_Monte_Everest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1861" data-file-height="2766" /></a><figcaption>Climber at the summit wearing an oxygen mask</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Everest_Oxygen_Graph.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Everest_Oxygen_Graph.jpg/220px-Everest_Oxygen_Graph.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Everest_Oxygen_Graph.jpg/330px-Everest_Oxygen_Graph.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Everest_Oxygen_Graph.jpg/440px-Everest_Oxygen_Graph.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="348" /></a><figcaption>Available oxygen at Everest</figcaption></figure> Most expeditions use <a href="/wiki/Oxygen_mask" title="Oxygen mask">oxygen masks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bottled_oxygen" class="mw-redirect" title="Bottled oxygen">tanks</a> above 8,000 m (26,000 ft).<a href="#cite_note-293">[287]</a> Everest can be climbed without supplementary oxygen, but only by the most accomplished mountaineers and at increased risk. Humans' ability to think clearly is hindered with low oxygen, and the combination of extreme weather, low temperatures, and steep slopes often requires quick, accurate decisions. While about 95 per cent of climbers who reach the summit use <a href="/wiki/Bottled_oxygen" class="mw-redirect" title="Bottled oxygen">bottled oxygen</a> in order to reach the top, about five per cent of climbers have summited Everest without supplemental oxygen. The death rate is double for those who attempt to reach the summit without supplemental oxygen.<a href="#cite_note-294">[288]</a> Travelling above 2,400 m (8,000 ft) altitude is a factor in <a href="/wiki/Cerebral_hypoxia" title="Cerebral hypoxia">cerebral hypoxia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-thom-295">[289]</a> One study found that Mount Everest may be the highest an acclimatised human could go, but also found that climbers may suffer permanent neurological damage despite returning to lower altitudes.<a href="#cite_note-thom-295">[289]</a> The use of bottled oxygen to ascend Mount Everest has been controversial. It was first used on the <a href="/wiki/1922_British_Mount_Everest_Expedition" class="mw-redirect" title="1922 British Mount Everest Expedition">1922 British Mount Everest Expedition</a> by <a href="/wiki/George_Finch_(chemist)" title="George Finch (chemist)">George Finch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Bruce_(mountaineer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Geoffrey Bruce (mountaineer)">Geoffrey Bruce</a> who climbed up to 7,800 m (25,600 ft) at a spectacular speed of 300 vertical metres (1,000 ft) per hour. Pinned down by a fierce storm, they escaped death by breathing oxygen from a jury-rigged set-up during the night. The next day they climbed to 8,100 m (26,600 ft) at 270 m/h (900 ft/h) – nearly three times as fast as non-oxygen users. Yet the use of oxygen was considered so unsportsmanlike that none of the rest of the Alpine world recognised this high ascent rate.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <a href="/wiki/George_Mallory" title="George Mallory">George Mallory</a> described the use of such oxygen as unsportsmanlike, but he later concluded that it would be impossible for him to summit without it and consequently used it on his final attempt in 1924.<a href="#cite_note-296">[290]</a> When <a href="/wiki/Tenzing_Norgay" title="Tenzing Norgay">Tenzing</a> and Hillary made the first successful summit in 1953, they also used <a href="/wiki/Bottled_oxygen_(climbing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bottled oxygen (climbing)">open-circuit bottled oxygen sets</a>, with the expedition's physiologist <a href="/wiki/Griffith_Pugh" title="Griffith Pugh">Griffith Pugh</a> referring to the oxygen debate as a "futile controversy", noting that oxygen "greatly increases subjective appreciation of the surroundings, which after all is one of the chief reasons for climbing."<a href="#cite_note-297">[291]</a> For the next twenty-five years, bottled oxygen was considered standard for any successful summit. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">...although an acclimatised lowlander can survive for a time on the summit of Everest without supplemental oxygen, one is so close to the limit that even a modicum of excess exertion may impair brain function.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Thomas F. Hornbein in The high-altitude brain<a href="#cite_note-thom-295">[289]</a></cite></div></blockquote> <a href="/wiki/Reinhold_Messner" title="Reinhold Messner">Reinhold Messner</a> was the first climber to break the bottled oxygen tradition and in 1978, with <a href="/wiki/Peter_Habeler" title="Peter Habeler">Peter Habeler</a>, made the first successful climb without it. In 1980, Messner summited the mountain solo, without supplemental oxygen or any porters or climbing partners, on the more difficult northwest route. Once the climbing community was satisfied that the mountain could be climbed without supplemental oxygen, many purists then took the next logical step of insisting that is how it should be climbed.<a href="#cite_note-Krakauer-1997-248">[242]</a>: 154  The aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/1996_Mount_Everest_disaster" title="1996 Mount Everest disaster">1996 disaster</a> further intensified the debate. <a href="/wiki/Jon_Krakauer" title="Jon Krakauer">Jon Krakauer</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Into_Thin_Air" title="Into Thin Air">Into Thin Air</a> (1997) expressed the author's personal criticisms of the use of bottled oxygen. Krakauer wrote that the use of bottled oxygen allowed otherwise unqualified climbers to attempt to summit, leading to dangerous situations and more deaths. The disaster was partially caused by the sheer number of climbers (34 on that day) attempting to ascend, causing bottlenecks at the Hillary Step and delaying many climbers, most of whom summited after the usual 14:00 turnaround time. He proposed banning bottled oxygen except for emergency cases, arguing that this would both decrease the growing pollution on Everest—many bottles have accumulated on its slopes—and keep marginally qualified climbers off the mountain. The 1996 disaster also introduced the issue of the guide's role in using bottled oxygen.<a href="#cite_note-salon-298">[292]</a> Guide <a href="/wiki/Anatoli_Boukreev" title="Anatoli Boukreev">Anatoli Boukreev</a>'s decision not to use bottled oxygen was sharply criticised by Jon Krakauer. Boukreev's supporters (who include G. Weston DeWalt, who co-wrote <a href="/wiki/The_Climb_(book)" title="The Climb (book)">The Climb</a>) state that using bottled oxygen gives a false sense of security.<a href="#cite_note-299">[293]</a> Krakauer and his supporters point out that, without bottled oxygen, Boukreev could not directly help his clients descend.<a href="#cite_note-salongarner-300">[294]</a> The low oxygen can cause a mental fog-like impairment of cognitive abilities described as "delayed and lethargic thought process, clinically defined as bradypsychia" even after returning to lower altitudes.<a href="#cite_note-altitude-301">[295]</a> In severe cases, climbers can experience hallucinations. Some studies have found that high-altitude climbers, including Everest climbers, experience altered brain structure.<a href="#cite_note-altitude-301">[295]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Autumn_climbing">Autumn climbing</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mount_Everest_as_seen_from_Drukair.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Mount_Everest_as_seen_from_Drukair.jpg/220px-Mount_Everest_as_seen_from_Drukair.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Mount_Everest_as_seen_from_Drukair.jpg/330px-Mount_Everest_as_seen_from_Drukair.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Mount_Everest_as_seen_from_Drukair.jpg/440px-Mount_Everest_as_seen_from_Drukair.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Everest in September 2006</figcaption></figure> Although generally less popular than spring, Mount Everest has also been climbed in the autumn (also called the "post-monsoon season").<a href="#cite_note-autumn-74">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-fall-302">[296]</a> For example, in 2010 Eric Larsen and five Nepali guides summited Everest in the autumn for the first time in ten years.<a href="#cite_note-fall-302">[296]</a> The autumn season, when the monsoon ends, is regarded as more dangerous because there is typically a lot of new snow which can be unstable.<a href="#cite_note-wind-107">[101]</a> However, this increased snow can make it more popular with certain winter sports like skiing and snowboarding.<a href="#cite_note-autumn-74">[69]</a> Two Japanese climbers also summited in October 1973.<a href="#cite_note-303">[297]</a> Chris Chandler and Bob Cormack summited Everest in October 1976 as part of the American Bicentennial Everest Expedition that year, the first Americans to make an autumn ascent of Mount Everest according to the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>.<a href="#cite_note-304">[298]</a> By the 21st century, summer and autumn can be more popular with skiing and snowboard attempts on Mount Everest.<a href="#cite_note-305">[299]</a> During the 1980s, climbing in autumn was actually more popular than in spring.<a href="#cite_note-306">[300]</a> U.S. astronaut <a href="/wiki/Karl_Gordon_Henize" title="Karl Gordon Henize">Karl Gordon Henize</a> died in October 1993 on an autumn expedition, conducting an experiment on radiation. The amount of <a href="/wiki/Background_radiation" title="Background radiation">background radiation</a> increases with higher altitudes.<a href="#cite_note-307">[301]</a> The mountain has also been climbed in the winter, but that is not popular because of the combination of cold high winds and shorter days.<a href="#cite_note-308">[302]</a> By January the peak is typically battered by 170 mph (270 km/h) winds and the average temperature of the summit is around −33 °F (−36 °C).<a href="#cite_note-autumn-74">[69]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Thefts_and_crime">Thefts and crime</h3></div> Some climbers have reported life-threatening thefts from supply caches. In May 2006, <a href="/wiki/Vitor_Negrete" title="Vitor Negrete">Vitor Negrete</a>, the first Brazilian to climb Everest without oxygen and part of David Sharp's party, died during his descent, and theft of gear and food from his high-altitude camp may have contributed.<a href="#cite_note-309">[303]</a><a href="#cite_note-310">[304]</a> In addition to theft, Michael Kodas describes in his book, High Crimes: The Fate of Everest in an Age of Greed (2008):<a href="#cite_note-311">[305]</a> unethical guides and Sherpas, <a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Tibet" title="Prostitution in Tibet">prostitution</a> and gambling at the Tibet Base Camp, fraud related to the sale of oxygen bottles, and climbers collecting donations under the pretense of removing trash from the mountain.<a href="#cite_note-312">[306]</a><a href="#cite_note-313">[307]</a> The Chinese side of Everest in Tibet was described as "out of control" in 2007 after one Canadian had all his gear stolen and was abandoned by his Sherpa.<a href="#cite_note-stolen-314">[308]</a> Another Sherpa helped the victim get off the mountain safely and gave him some spare gear. Other climbers have also reported missing oxygen bottles, which can be worth hundreds of dollars each. Hundreds of climbers pass by people's tents, making it hard to safeguard against theft.<a href="#cite_note-stolen-314">[308]</a> In the late 2010s, the reports of theft of oxygen bottles from camps became more common.<a href="#cite_note-nationalgeographic.com-315">[309]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Selected_climbing_records">Selected climbing records</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_climbing_Mount_Everest" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of climbing Mount Everest">Timeline of climbing Mount Everest</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KhumbuIcefall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/KhumbuIcefall.jpg/220px-KhumbuIcefall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/KhumbuIcefall.jpg/330px-KhumbuIcefall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/KhumbuIcefall.jpg/440px-KhumbuIcefall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1772" data-file-height="1163" /></a><figcaption>The Khumbu Icefall in 2005</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Western_Cwm_-_14th_May_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Western_Cwm_-_14th_May_2011.jpg/220px-Western_Cwm_-_14th_May_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Western_Cwm_-_14th_May_2011.jpg/330px-Western_Cwm_-_14th_May_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Western_Cwm_-_14th_May_2011.jpg/440px-Western_Cwm_-_14th_May_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>The Western Cwm ("Coom"), with Everest on the left and <a href="/wiki/Lhotse" title="Lhotse">Lhotse</a> to the right</figcaption></figure> By the end of the 2010 climbing season, there had been 5,104 ascents to the summit by about 3,142 individuals.<a href="#cite_note-8000ers-159">[153]</a> Some notable "firsts" by climbers include: <ul><li>1922: First climb to 8,000 metres (26,247 ft), by <a href="/wiki/George_Finch_(chemist)" title="George Finch (chemist)">George Finch</a> and Captain <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Bruce_(mountaineer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Geoffrey Bruce (mountaineer)">Geoffrey Bruce</a></li> <li>1952: First climb to <a href="/wiki/South_Col" title="South Col">South Col</a> by <a href="/wiki/1952_Swiss_Mount_Everest_expedition" title="1952 Swiss Mount Everest expedition">1952 Swiss Mount Everest expedition</a></li> <li>1953: First ascent, by <a href="/wiki/Tenzing_Norgay" title="Tenzing Norgay">Tenzing Norgay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Hillary" title="Edmund Hillary">Edmund Hillary</a> on <a href="/wiki/1953_British_Mount_Everest_expedition" title="1953 British Mount Everest expedition">1953 British Mount Everest expedition</a></li> <li>1960: First reported ascent from the North Ridge by <a href="/wiki/Wang_Fuzhou" title="Wang Fuzhou">Wang Fuzhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gongbu_(mountaineer)" title="Gongbu (mountaineer)">Gonpo</a> and Qu Yinhua of China.<a href="#cite_note-NorthRidge-13">[9]</a></li> <li>1975: First female ascent, by <a href="/wiki/Junko_Tabei" title="Junko Tabei">Junko Tabei</a> (16 May).<a href="#cite_note-8000ers-159">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-JapanTimes-316">[310]</a></li> <li>1975: First female ascent from the North Ridge, by <a href="/wiki/Phanthog" title="Phanthog">Phanthog</a>, deputy head of the second Chinese Everest expedition that sent nine climbers to the summit (27 May).<a href="#cite_note-Messner2014-317">[311]</a><a href="#cite_note-West2013-318">[312]</a><a href="#cite_note-319">[313]</a></li> <li>1978: First ascent without supplemental oxygen by <a href="/wiki/Reinhold_Messner" title="Reinhold Messner">Reinhold Messner</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Habeler" title="Peter Habeler">Peter Habeler</a><a href="#cite_note-NOVA_fwo-320">[314]</a></li> <li>1978: First solo ascent, by <a href="/wiki/Franz_Oppurg" title="Franz Oppurg">Franz Oppurg</a><a href="#cite_note-fröhlich-321">[315]</a></li> <li>1980: First winter ascent, by Polish National Expedition Winter 1979/1980 (<a href="/wiki/Leszek_Cichy" title="Leszek Cichy">Leszek Cichy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Krzysztof_Wielicki" title="Krzysztof Wielicki">Krzysztof Wielicki</a><a href="#cite_note-Starr,_Daniel-322">[316]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mt_Everest_History_and_facts-323">[317]</a>)</li> <li>1980: Second solo ascent, and the first without supplemental oxygen, by Reinhold Messner<a href="#cite_note-NOVA_fwo-320">[314]</a></li> <li>1981: Third solo ascent, by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Hackett_(mountaineer)" title="Peter Hackett (mountaineer)">Peter Hackett</a><a href="#cite_note-324">[318]</a></li> <li>1988: First "cross-over" climb by Chinese, Japanese and Nepali teams which ascended the peak simultaneously from both the North and South sides of the mountain and descended down the other side.<a href="#cite_note-JapanTimes-316">[310]</a> The cross-over climb was also the first to be recorded on live broadcast television.</li> <li>1988: First descent by paraglider, by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marc_Boivin" title="Jean-Marc Boivin">Jean-Marc Boivin</a><a href="#cite_note-A_view_from_the_top_of_the_world-325">[319]</a></li> <li>1988: First female ascent without supplemental oxygen by <a href="/wiki/Lydia_Bradey" title="Lydia Bradey">Lydia Bradey</a><a href="#cite_note-326">[320]</a></li> <li>1998: Fastest to reach the summit via the southeast ridge (South Col), without supplemental oxygen, by Kazi Sherpa, in 20 hours and 24 minutes.<a href="#cite_note-327">[321]</a><a href="#cite_note-328">[322]</a><a href="#cite_note-329">[323]</a></li> <li>2000: First descent by ski by <a href="/wiki/Davo_Karni%C4%8Dar" title="Davo Karničar">Davo Karničar</a><a href="#cite_note-330">[324]</a></li> <li>2001: First ascent by a blind climber, <a href="/wiki/Erik_Weihenmayer" title="Erik Weihenmayer">Erik Weihenmayer</a><a href="#cite_note-:7-331">[325]</a></li> <li>2001: <a href="/wiki/Lhakpa_Sherpa" title="Lhakpa Sherpa">Lhakpa Sherpa</a> becomes first Nepali woman to summit Everest and survive.<a href="#cite_note-332">[326]</a></li> <li>2004: Fastest to reach the summit via the southeast ridge (South Col), with supplemental oxygen, by <a href="/wiki/Pemba_Dorje" title="Pemba Dorje">Pemba Dorje</a>, in 8 hours and 10 minutes.<a href="#cite_note-333">[327]</a></li> <li>2006: Lhakpa Sherpa summits for the 6th time, breaking her own record for most successful female Everest climber.<a href="#cite_note-334">[328]</a></li> <li>2007: Fastest to reach the summit via the northeast ridge, without supplemental oxygen, by <a href="/wiki/Christian_Stangl" title="Christian Stangl">Christian Stangl</a>, in 16 hours, 42 minutes.<a href="#cite_note-sz2-335">[329]</a><a href="#cite_note-336">[330]</a></li> <li>2010: Youngest male to reach the summit, by <a href="/wiki/Jordan_Romero" title="Jordan Romero">Jordan Romero</a> (13 years and 10 months old)<a href="#cite_note-337">[331]</a></li> <li>2011: Most times to reach the summit, <a href="/wiki/Apa_Sherpa" title="Apa Sherpa">Apa Sherpa</a> (21 times; 10 May 1990 – 11 May 2011)<a href="#cite_note-338">[332]</a></li> <li>2013: Apa Sherpa tied for most times to reach the summit by <a href="/wiki/Phurba_Tashi" title="Phurba Tashi">Phurba Tashi</a> (21 times; 1999–2013)</li> <li>2013: Melissa Arnot, American, summits for the fifth time, breaking her own record for most successful summits by any non-Sherpa woman.<a href="#cite_note-339">[333]</a></li> <li>2014: Youngest female to reach the summit, by <a href="/wiki/Malavath_Purna" title="Malavath Purna">Malavath Purna</a> (13 years and 11 months old)</li> <li>2017: Kami Rita Sherpa of Alpine Ascents reaches 21 ascents to the summit.<a href="#cite_note-340">[334]</a><a href="#cite_note-341">[335]</a></li> <li>2019: Kami Rita Sherpa reaches 24 ascents to the summit.<a href="#cite_note-342">[336]</a></li> <li>2021: Kami Rita Sherpa reaches 25 ascents to the summit.<a href="#cite_note-343">[337]</a><a href="#cite_note-344">[338]</a></li> <li>2022: Kami Rita Sherpa reaches 26 ascents to the summit,<a href="#cite_note-26th-345">[339]</a> and Pasang Dawa Sherpa reaches 25 ascents to the summit.<a href="#cite_note-NepalNews2-346">[340]</a><a href="#cite_note-Desnivel-347">[341]</a></li> <li>2023: Kami Rita Sherpa reaches 28 ascents to the summit.<a href="#cite_note-28thclimb-348">[342]</a></li> <li>2024: Kami Rita Sherpa reaches 30 ascents to the summit.<a href="#cite_note-30thclimb-349">[343]</a><a href="#cite_note-30thclimb_2-350">[344]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Summiting_with_disabilities">Summiting with disabilities</h3></div> Summiting Everest with disabilities such as amputations and diseases has become popular in the 21st century, with stories like that of <a href="/wiki/Sudarshan_Gautam" title="Sudarshan Gautam">Sudarshan Gautam</a>, a man with no arms who made it to the top in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-351">[345]</a> A teenager with <a href="/wiki/Down_syndrome" title="Down syndrome">Down syndrome</a> made it to Base camp, which has become a substitute for more extreme record-breaking because it carries many of the same thrills including the trip to the Himalayas and rustic scenery.<a href="#cite_note-352">[346]</a> Danger lurks even at base camp though, which was the site where dozens were killed in the <a href="/wiki/2015_Mount_Everest_avalanches" title="2015 Mount Everest avalanches">2015 Mount Everest avalanches</a>. Others that have climbed Everest with amputations include <a href="/wiki/Mark_Inglis" title="Mark Inglis">Mark Inglis</a> (no legs), <a href="/wiki/Hari_Budha_Magar" title="Hari Budha Magar">Hari Budha Magar</a> (no legs), Paul Hockey (one arm only), and <a href="/wiki/Arunima_Sinha" title="Arunima Sinha">Arunima Sinha</a> (one leg only). In 2001, <a href="/wiki/Erik_Weihenmayer" title="Erik Weihenmayer">Erik Weihenmayer</a> became the first person to reach the summit of Mount Everest while blind.<a href="#cite_note-:7-331">[325]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aviation">Aviation</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1933:_Flight_over_Everest">1933: Flight over Everest</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Houston%E2%80%93Mount_Everest_flight_expedition" title="Houston–Mount Everest flight expedition">Houston–Mount Everest flight expedition</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Lucy,_Lady_Houston" title="Lucy, Lady Houston">Lucy, Lady Houston</a>, a British <a href="/wiki/Millionaire" title="Millionaire">millionaire</a> former <a href="/wiki/Showgirl" title="Showgirl">showgirl</a>, funded the Houston Everest Flight of 1933. A formation of <a href="/wiki/Airplane" title="Airplane">airplanes</a> led by the <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Douglas-Hamilton,_14th_Duke_of_Hamilton" title="Douglas Douglas-Hamilton, 14th Duke of Hamilton">Marquess of Clydesdale</a> flew over the summit in an effort to photograph the unknown terrain.<a href="#cite_note-353">[347]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1988:_First_climb_and_glide">1988: First climb and glide</h3></div> On 26 September 1988, having climbed the mountain via the south-east ridge, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marc_Boivin" title="Jean-Marc Boivin">Jean-Marc Boivin</a> made the first <a href="/wiki/Paraglider" class="mw-redirect" title="Paraglider">paraglider</a> descent of Everest,<a href="#cite_note-A_view_from_the_top_of_the_world-325">[319]</a> in the process creating the record for the fastest descent of the mountain and the highest paraglider flight. Boivin said: "I was tired when I reached the top because I had broken much of the trail, and to run at this altitude was quite hard."<a href="#cite_note-Back-354">[348]</a> Boivin ran 18 m (60 ft) from below the summit on 40-degree slopes to launch his paraglider, reaching Camp II at 5,900 m (19,400 ft) in 12 minutes (some sources say 11 minutes).<a href="#cite_note-Back-354">[348]</a><a href="#cite_note-glider-355">[349]</a> Boivin would not repeat this feat, as he was killed two years later in 1990, <a href="/wiki/BASE_jumping" title="BASE jumping">BASE jumping</a> off Venezuela's <a href="/wiki/Angel_Falls" title="Angel Falls">Angel Falls</a>.<a href="#cite_note-splatula-356">[350]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1991:_Hot_air_balloon_flyover">1991: Hot air balloon flyover</h3></div> In 1991, four men in two balloons achieved the first <a href="/wiki/Hot-air_balloon" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot-air balloon">hot-air balloon</a> flight over Mount Everest.<a href="#cite_note-balloon-357">[351]</a> In one balloon were Andy Elson and <a href="/wiki/Eric_Jones_(climber)" title="Eric Jones (climber)">Eric Jones</a> (cameraman), and in the other balloon Chris Dewhirst and <a href="/wiki/Leo_Dickinson" title="Leo Dickinson">Leo Dickinson</a> (cameraman).<a href="#cite_note-elson-358">[352]</a> Dickinson went on to write a book about the adventure called Ballooning Over Everest.<a href="#cite_note-elson-358">[352]</a> The hot-air balloons were modified to function at up to 12,000 m (40,000 ft) altitude.<a href="#cite_note-elson-358">[352]</a> Reinhold Messner called one of Dickinson's panoramic views of Everest, captured on the now discontinued Kodak <a href="/wiki/Kodachrome" title="Kodachrome">Kodachrome</a> film, the "best snap on Earth", according to UK newspaper <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Telegraph</a>.<a href="#cite_note-359">[353]</a> Dewhirst has offered to take passengers on a repeat of this feat for US$2.6 million per passenger.<a href="#cite_note-balloon-357">[351]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2005:_Pilot_summits_with_helicopter">2005: Pilot summits with helicopter</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eurocopter_AS-350B-3_Ecureuil_AN0980259.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Eurocopter_AS-350B-3_Ecureuil_AN0980259.jpg/220px-Eurocopter_AS-350B-3_Ecureuil_AN0980259.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Eurocopter_AS-350B-3_Ecureuil_AN0980259.jpg/330px-Eurocopter_AS-350B-3_Ecureuil_AN0980259.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Eurocopter_AS-350B-3_Ecureuil_AN0980259.jpg/440px-Eurocopter_AS-350B-3_Ecureuil_AN0980259.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>Photo of a Eurocopter AS350 B3 "Squirrel"</figcaption></figure> In May 2005, pilot <a href="/wiki/Didier_Delsalle" title="Didier Delsalle">Didier Delsalle</a> of France landed a <a href="/wiki/Eurocopter_AS350" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurocopter AS350">Eurocopter AS350</a> B3 helicopter on the summit of Mount Everest.<a href="#cite_note-eurocopter-360">[354]</a> He needed to land for two minutes to set the <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_A%C3%A9ronautique_Internationale" title="Fédération Aéronautique Internationale">Fédération Aéronautique Internationale</a> (FAI) official record, but he stayed for about four minutes, twice.<a href="#cite_note-eurocopter-360">[354]</a> In this type of landing the rotors stay engaged, which avoids relying on the snow to fully support the aircraft. The flight set <a href="/wiki/Rotorcraft" title="Rotorcraft">rotorcraft</a> world <a href="/wiki/List_of_Mount_Everest_records" title="List of Mount Everest records">records</a>, for highest of both landing and take-off.<a href="#cite_note-fai-361">[355]</a> Some press reports suggested that the report of the summit landing was a misunderstanding of a South Col landing, but he had also landed on South Col two days earlier,<a href="#cite_note-everestnet-362">[356]</a> with this landing and the Everest records confirmed by the FAI.<a href="#cite_note-fai-361">[355]</a> Delsalle also rescued two Japanese climbers at 4,880 m (16,000 ft) while he was there. One climber noted that the new record meant a better chance of rescue.<a href="#cite_note-eurocopter-360">[354]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2011:_Paraglide_off_summit">2011: Paraglide off summit</h3></div> On 21 May 2011, Nepalis Lakpa Tsheri Sherpa and Sano Bapu Sunuwar paraglided from Everest's summit to <a href="/wiki/Namche_Bazaar" title="Namche Bazaar">Namche Bazaar</a> in 42 minutes.<a href="#cite_note-abcnews1-292">[286]</a><a href="#cite_note-363">[357]</a> After the flight they hiked, biked, and <a href="/wiki/Kayaking" title="Kayaking">kayaked</a> to the Indian Ocean, reaching the Bay of Bengal by 27 June 2011, thereby becoming the first persons to complete a continuous summit-to-sea descent from Everest.<a href="#cite_note-nationalgeographic1-364">[358]</a> They accomplished the ground-breaking feat despite Bapu having never previously climbed, and Lakpa having never kayaked and not even knowing how to swim.<a href="#cite_note-nationalgeographic1-364">[358]</a> The duo subsequently won National Geographic Adventurers of the Year for 2012 for their exploits.<a href="#cite_note-nationalgeographic1-364">[358]</a> In 2013 footage of the flight was shown on the television news program <a href="/wiki/Nightline" title="Nightline">Nightline</a>.<a href="#cite_note-365">[359]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2014:_Helicopter-assisted_ascent">2014: Helicopter-assisted ascent</h3></div> In 2014, a team financed and led by mountaineer <a href="/wiki/Wang_Jing_(mountaineer)" title="Wang Jing (mountaineer)">Wang Jing</a> used a helicopter to fly from South base camp to Camp II to avoid the Khumbu Icefall, and thence climbed to the Everest summit.<a href="#cite_note-nationalgeographic2-366">[360]</a> This climb immediately sparked outrage and controversy in much of the mountaineering world over the legitimacy and propriety of her climb.<a href="#cite_note-news.nationalgeographic.com-176">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gornyack-367">[361]</a> Nepal ended up investigating Wang, who initially denied the claim that she had flown to Camp II, admitting only that some support crew were flown to that higher camp, over the Khumbu Icefall.<a href="#cite_note-368">[362]</a> In August 2014, however, she stated that she had flown to Camp II because the icefall was impassable. "If you don't fly to Camp II, you just go home", she said in an interview. In that same interview, she also insisted that she had never tried to hide this fact.<a href="#cite_note-news.nationalgeographic.com-176">[170]</a> Her team had had to use the south side because the Chinese had denied them a permit to climb. Ultimately, the Chinese refusal may have been beneficial to Nepal's interests, allowing the government to showcase improved local hospitals and providing the opportunity for a new hybrid aviation/mountaineering style, triggering discussions about helicopter use in the mountaineering world.<a href="#cite_note-news.nationalgeographic.com-176">[170]</a> National Geographic noted that a village festooned Wang with honours after she donated US$30,000 to the town's hospital. Wang won the <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Mountaineer_of_the_Year_Award&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Mountaineer of the Year Award (page does not exist)">International Mountaineer of the Year Award</a> from the Nepal government in June 2014.<a href="#cite_note-nationalgeographic2-366">[360]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2016:_Helicopter_business_increases">2016: Helicopter business increases</h3></div> In 2016 the increased use of helicopters was noted for increased efficiency and for hauling material over the deadly Khumbu icefall.<a href="#cite_note-blogs.dw.com-369">[363]</a> In particular it was noted that flights saved icefall porters 80 trips but still increased commercial activity at Everest.<a href="#cite_note-blogs.dw.com-369">[363]</a> After many Nepalis died in the icefall in 2014, the government had wanted helicopters to handle more transportation to Camp 1 but this was not possible because of the 2015 earthquake closing the mountain, so this was then implemented in 2016 (helicopters did prove instrumental in rescuing many people in 2015 though).<a href="#cite_note-blogs.dw.com-369">[363]</a> That summer Bell tested the <a href="/wiki/Bell_412#Variants" title="Bell 412">412EPI</a>, which conducted a series of tests including hovering at 5,500 m (18,000 ft) and flying as high as 6,100 m (20,000 ft) altitude near Mount Everest.<a href="#cite_note-370">[364]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Extreme_sports">Extreme sports</h2></div> Mount Everest has been host to other winter sports and adventuring besides mountaineering, including snowboarding, skiing, paragliding, and BASE jumping. <a href="/wiki/Yuichiro_Miura" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuichiro Miura">Yuichiro Miura</a> became the first man to ski down Everest in the 1970s. He descended nearly 1,300 vertical metres (4,200 ft) from the South Col before falling with extreme injuries.<a href="#cite_note-japtimes-103">[97]</a> Stefan Gatt and Marco Siffredi snowboarded Mount Everest in 2001.<a href="#cite_note-TransWorld_SNOWboarding-371">[365]</a> Other Everest skiers include <a href="/wiki/Davo_Karni%C4%8Dar" title="Davo Karničar">Davo Karničar</a> of Slovenia, who completed a top to south base camp descent in 2000, <a href="/wiki/Hans_Kammerlander" title="Hans Kammerlander">Hans Kammerlander</a> of Italy in 1996 on the north side,<a href="#cite_note-kammerlander-372">[366]</a> and Kit DesLauriers of the United States in 2006.<a href="#cite_note-Hawley-373">[367]</a> In 2006 Swede <a href="/wiki/Tomas_Olsson" title="Tomas Olsson">Tomas Olsson</a> and Norwegian <a href="/wiki/Tormod_Granheim" title="Tormod Granheim">Tormod Granheim</a> skied together down the north face. Olsson's anchor broke while they were <a href="/wiki/Rappelling" class="mw-redirect" title="Rappelling">rappelling</a> down a cliff in the Norton couloir at about 8,500 metres, resulting in his death from a two and a half-kilometre fall. Granheim skied down to camp III.<a href="#cite_note-skii-374">[368]</a> Also, Marco Siffredi died in 2002 on his second snow-boarding expedition.<a href="#cite_note-TransWorld_SNOWboarding-371">[365]</a> Various types of gliding descents have slowly become more popular, and are noted for their rapid descents to lower camps. In 1986 <a href="/wiki/Steve_McKinney_(skier)" title="Steve McKinney (skier)">Steve McKinney</a> led an expedition to Mount Everest,<a href="#cite_note-Unsworth2000-375">[369]</a> during which he became the first person to fly a <a href="/wiki/Hang-gliding" class="mw-redirect" title="Hang-gliding">hang-glider</a> off the mountain.<a href="#cite_note-glider-355">[349]</a> Frenchman <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marc_Boivin" title="Jean-Marc Boivin">Jean-Marc Boivin</a> made the first <a href="/wiki/Paraglider" class="mw-redirect" title="Paraglider">paraglider</a> descent of Everest in September 1988, descending in minutes from the south-east ridge to a lower camp.<a href="#cite_note-A_view_from_the_top_of_the_world-325">[319]</a> In 2011, two Nepalis made a gliding descent from the Everest summit down 5,000 metres (16,400 ft) in 45 minutes.<a href="#cite_note-376">[370]</a> On 5 May 2013, the beverage company <a href="/wiki/Red_Bull" title="Red Bull">Red Bull</a> sponsored <a href="/wiki/Valery_Rozov" title="Valery Rozov">Valery Rozov</a>, who successfully BASE jumped off of the mountain while wearing a <a href="/wiki/Wingsuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Wingsuit">wingsuit</a>, setting a record for world's highest BASE jump in the process.<a href="#cite_note-Everest_Base_Jumper-377">[371]</a><a href="#cite_note-378">[372]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religious_significance">Religious significance</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rongbuk_Monastery_Everest.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Rongbuk_Monastery_Everest.jpg/220px-Rongbuk_Monastery_Everest.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Rongbuk_Monastery_Everest.jpg/330px-Rongbuk_Monastery_Everest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Rongbuk_Monastery_Everest.jpg/440px-Rongbuk_Monastery_Everest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1562" data-file-height="1100" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Rongphu_Monastery" class="mw-redirect" title="Rongphu Monastery">Rongphu Monastery</a>, with Mount Everest in the background</figcaption></figure> The southern part of Mount Everest is regarded as one of several "hidden valleys" of refuge designated by <a href="/wiki/Padmasambhava" title="Padmasambhava">Padmasambhava</a>, a ninth-century "<a href="/wiki/Lotus_birth" title="Lotus birth">lotus-born</a>" Buddhist saint.<a href="#cite_note-natgeo1-379">[373]</a> Near the base of the north side of Everest lies <a href="/wiki/Rongbuk_Monastery" title="Rongbuk Monastery">Rongbuk Monastery</a>, which has been called the "sacred threshold to Mount Everest, with the most dramatic views of the world."<a href="#cite_note-380">[374]</a> For <a href="/wiki/Sherpa_people" title="Sherpa people">Sherpas</a> living on the slopes of Everest in the <a href="/wiki/Khumbu" title="Khumbu">Khumbu</a> region of Nepal, Rongbuk Monastery is an important pilgrimage site, accessed in a few days of travel across the Himalayas through <a href="/wiki/Nangpa_La" title="Nangpa La">Nangpa La</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Ullman-118">[112]</a> <a href="/wiki/Miyolangsangma" title="Miyolangsangma">Miyolangsangma</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibetan</a> <a href="/wiki/Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhist</a> "Goddess of Inexhaustible Giving", is believed to have lived at the top of Mount Everest. According to Sherpa Buddhist monks, Mount Everest is Miyolangsangma's palace and playground, and all climbers are only partially welcome guests, having arrived without invitation.<a href="#cite_note-natgeo1-379">[373]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Sherpa_people" title="Sherpa people">Sherpa people</a> also believe that Mount Everest and its flanks are blessed with spiritual energy, and one should show reverence when passing through this sacred landscape. Here, the <a href="/wiki/Karma" title="Karma">karmic</a> effects of one's actions are magnified, and impure thoughts are best avoided.<a href="#cite_note-natgeo1-379">[373]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Waste_management">Waste management</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Impacts_of_tourism#Mount_Everest" title="Impacts of tourism">Impacts of tourism § Mount Everest</a></div> In 2015, the president of the Nepal Mountaineering Association warned that pollution, especially human waste, has reached critical levels. As much as 12,000 kg (26,500 lb) of human excrement each season is left behind on the mountain.<a href="#cite_note-381">[375]</a> Human waste is strewn across the verges of the route to the summit, making the four sleeping areas on the route up Everest's south side minefields of human excrement. Climbers above Base Camp—for the 62-year history of climbing on the mountain—have most commonly either buried their excrement in holes they dug by hand in the snow, or slung it into crevasses, or simply defecated wherever convenient, often within metres of their tents. The only place where climbers can defecate without worrying about contaminating the mountain is Base Camp. At approximately 5,500 m (18,000 ft), Base Camp sees the most activity of all camps on Everest because climbers acclimate and rest there. In the late-1990s, expeditions began using toilets that they fashioned from blue plastic 190-litre (50-US-gallon) barrels fitted with a toilet seat and enclosed.<a href="#cite_note-382">[376]</a> The problem of human waste is compounded by the presence of more anodyne waste: spent oxygen tanks, abandoned tents, empty cans and bottles. The Nepali government now requires each climber to pack out eight kilograms of waste when descending the mountain.<a href="#cite_note-383">[377]</a> In February 2019, due to the mounting waste problem, China closed the base camp on its side of Everest to visitors without climbing permits. Tourists are allowed to go as far as the <a href="/wiki/Rongbuk_Monastery" title="Rongbuk Monastery">Rongbuk Monastery</a>.<a href="#cite_note-384">[378]</a> In April 2019, the <a href="/wiki/Solukhumbu_District" title="Solukhumbu District">Solukhumbu district</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Khumbu_Pasanglhamu" class="mw-redirect" title="Khumbu Pasanglhamu">Khumbu Pasanglhamu</a> Rural Municipality launched a campaign to collect nearly 10,000 kg of garbage from Everest.<a href="#cite_note-385">[379]</a> Five years later, 2024, waste removal is receiving continuing attention.<a href="#cite_note-386">[380]</a><a href="#cite_note-387">[381]</a><a href="#cite_note-388">[382]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/The_Matterhorn_as_seen_from_Zermatt.png/28px-The_Matterhorn_as_seen_from_Zermatt.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/The_Matterhorn_as_seen_from_Zermatt.png/42px-The_Matterhorn_as_seen_from_Zermatt.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/The_Matterhorn_as_seen_from_Zermatt.png/56px-The_Matterhorn_as_seen_from_Zermatt.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="994" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Mountains" title="Portal:Mountains">Mountains portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:China" title="Portal:China">China portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/34px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Nepal" title="Portal:Nepal">Nepal portal</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lhasa#Rail" title="Lhasa">Chinese plan for a rail tunnel under Mount Everest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everesting" title="Everesting">Everesting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Himalayan_Database" title="The Himalayan Database">The Himalayan Database</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_deaths_on_eight-thousanders" title="List of deaths on eight-thousanders">List of deaths on eight-thousanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_elevation_extremes_by_country" title="List of elevation extremes by country">List of elevation extremes by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mount_Everest_death_statistics" title="List of Mount Everest death statistics">List of Mount Everest death statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mount_Everest_summiters_by_number_of_times_to_the_summit" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Mount Everest summiters by number of times to the summit">List of Mount Everest summiters by number of times to the summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mount_Everest_records" title="List of Mount Everest records">List of Mount Everest records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_who_died_climbing_Mount_Everest" title="List of people who died climbing Mount Everest">List of people who died climbing Mount Everest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ski_descents_of_Eight-Thousanders" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ski descents of Eight-Thousanders">List of ski descents of Eight-Thousanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_mountains_in_the_Solar_System" title="List of tallest mountains in the Solar System">List of tallest mountains in the Solar System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Everest_in_popular_culture" title="Mount Everest in popular culture">Mount Everest in popular culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Hood_climbing_accidents" title="Mount Hood climbing accidents">Mount Hood climbing accidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukhiyapatti_Musharniya_Rural_Municipality" title="Mukhiyapatti Musharniya Rural Municipality">Mukhiyapatti Musharniya</a>, the lowest point of Nepal</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qomolangma_National_Park" title="Qomolangma National Park">Qomolangma National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rongbuk_Glacier" title="Rongbuk Glacier">Rongbuk Glacier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagarmatha_National_Park" title="Sagarmatha National Park">Sagarmatha National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Mount_Everest_expeditions" title="Timeline of Mount Everest expeditions">Timeline of Mount Everest expeditions</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> Based on the 2020 surveys of elevation of snow cap, i.e. the highest point of permanent snow ice on the summit—as opposed to the highest point of rock, which was measured at roughly 8,844 meters. For more details, see <a href="#Surveys">Surveys</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> The position of the summit of Everest on the international border is clearly shown on detailed topographic mapping, including official Nepali mapping. </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> It remains unclear whether <a href="/wiki/George_Mallory" title="George Mallory">George Mallory</a> and <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Irvine_(mountaineer)" title="Andrew Irvine (mountaineer)">Andrew Irvine</a> reached the summit in 1924 or not. For more details, see <a href="/wiki/1924_British_Mount_Everest_expedition" title="1924 British Mount Everest expedition">1924 British Mount Everest expedition</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a>: सगरमाथा, romanized: Sagarmāthā; <a href="/wiki/Standard_Tibetan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard Tibetan language">Standard Tibetan</a>: ཇོ་མོ་གླང་མ, romanized: Chomolungma; <a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: 珠穆朗玛峰; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: Zhūmùlǎngmǎ Fēng) </li> <li id="cite_note-base-53">^ <a href="#cite_ref-base_53-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-base_53-1">b</a> The "base" of a mountain is a problematic notion in general with no universally accepted definition. However, for a peak rising out of relatively flat terrain, such as Mauna Kea or Denali, an "approximate" height above "base" can be calculated. Everest is more complicated since it only rises above relatively flat terrain on its north (Tibetan Plateau) side. Hence the concept of "base" has even less meaning for Everest than for Mauna Kea or Denali, and the range of numbers for "height above base" is wider. In general, comparisons based on "height above base" are somewhat suspect. </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> In the table below, the temperature given is the average lowest temperature recorded in that month. So, in an average year, the lowest recorded July temperature will be -18 degrees Celsius, and the lowest recorded January temperature will be -36 degrees Celsius. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peakbagger.com/peak.aspx?pid=10640">"Mount Everest"</a>. Peakbagger.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Peakbagger.com&rft.atitle=Mount+Everest&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.peakbagger.com%2Fpeak.aspx%3Fpid%3D10640&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.peakbagger.com/range.aspx?rid=48">"Peak Bagger:Himalaya, Central Nepal Himalaya, Khumbu, Ghurka Himal, Annapurna Himal, Xishapangma Area, Sikkim-Eastern Nepal Himalaya, Western Nepal Himalaya, Assam Himalaya, Punjab Himalaya, Bhutan Himalaya, Garwhal Himalaya, Ganesh Himal"</a>. Retrieved 22 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Peak+Bagger%3AHimalaya%2C+Central+Nepal+Himalaya%2C+Khumbu%2C+Ghurka+Himal%2C+Annapurna+Himal%2C+Xishapangma+Area%2C+Sikkim-Eastern+Nepal+Himalaya%2C+Western+Nepal+Himalaya%2C+Assam+Himalaya%2C+Punjab+Himalaya%2C+Bhutan+Himalaya%2C+Garwhal+Himalaya%2C+Ganesh+Himal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.peakbagger.com%2Frange.aspx%3Frid%3D48&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> Geography of Nepal: Physical, Economic, Cultural and Regional by Netra Bahadur Thapa, D. P. Thapa Orient Longmans, 1969. </li> <li id="cite_note-Bishart-8"><a href="#cite_ref-Bishart_8-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBishart2016" class="citation magazine cs1">Bishart, Andrew (4 May 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180921114517/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/adventure/adventure-blog/2016/05/04/how-the-everest-experience-is-different-in-china-versus-nepal/">"China's New Road May Clear a Path for More Everest Climbers"</a>. National Geographic. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/adventure/adventure-blog/2016/05/04/how-the-everest-experience-is-different-in-china-versus-nepal/">the original</a> on 21 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic&rft.atitle=China%27s+New+Road+May+Clear+a+Path+for+More+Everest+Climbers&rft.date=2016-05-04&rft.aulast=Bishart&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.com%2Fadventure%2Fadventure-blog%2F2016%2F05%2F04%2Fhow-the-everest-experience-is-different-in-china-versus-nepal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201208113343/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2020/12/new-height-of-mount-everest-announced-by-china-and-nepal/">"Mount Everest is two feet taller, China and Nepal announce"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic" title="National Geographic">National Geographic</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2020/12/new-height-of-mount-everest-announced-by-china-and-nepal/">the original</a> on 8 December 2020. Retrieved 8 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic&rft.atitle=Mount+Everest+is+two+feet+taller%2C+China+and+Nepal+announce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.com%2Fscience%2F2020%2F12%2Fnew-height-of-mount-everest-announced-by-china-and-nepal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LiveScience-10"><a href="#cite_ref-LiveScience_10-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoe_Phelan2022" class="citation web cs1">Joe Phelan (28 October 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livescience.com/tallest-mountain-on-earth">"Is Mount Everest really the tallest mountain on Earth? It depends how you measure height"</a>. livescience.com. Future US, Inc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211226121526/https://www.livescience.com/tallest-mountain-on-earth">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2021. Retrieved 27 April 2023. <q>Researchers have measured Mount Everest many times over the past few decades, but the latest assessment, announced in November 2021, puts it at 29,031.69 feet (8,848.86 meters), which is almost 5.5 miles (8.8 kilometers) tall.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=livescience.com&rft.atitle=Is+Mount+Everest+really+the+tallest+mountain+on+Earth%3F+It+depends+how+you+measure+height.&rft.date=2022-10-28&rft.au=Joe+Phelan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.livescience.com%2Ftallest-mountain-on-earth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Climber_News-11"><a href="#cite_ref-Climber_News_11-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.climbernews.com/how-many-dead-bodies-are-on-mount-everest/">"How Many Dead Bodies Are On Mount Everest?"</a>. climbernews.com. Climber News. 7 November 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241005160805/https://www.climbernews.com/how-many-dead-bodies-are-on-mount-everest/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 October 2024. Retrieved 27 April 2023. <q>As of November 2022, 310 people have died while attempting to climb Mount Everest.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=climbernews.com&rft.atitle=How+Many+Dead+Bodies+Are+On+Mount+Everest%3F&rft.date=2022-11-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.climbernews.com%2Fhow-many-dead-bodies-are-on-mount-everest%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nuwer-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nuwer_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nuwer_12-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nuwer_12-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRachel_Nuwer2015" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Nuwer" title="Rachel Nuwer">Rachel Nuwer</a> (8 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20151008-the-graveyard-in-the-clouds-everests-200-dead-bodies">"Death in the clouds: The problem with Everest's 200+ bodies"</a>. BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241005160807/https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20151008-the-graveyard-in-the-clouds-everests-200-dead-bodies">Archived</a> from the original on 5 October 2024. Retrieved 27 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Death+in+the+clouds%3A+The+problem+with+Everest%27s+200%2B+bodies&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2015-10-08&rft.au=Rachel+Nuwer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Ffuture%2Farticle%2F20151008-the-graveyard-in-the-clouds-everests-200-dead-bodies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NorthRidge-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NorthRidge_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NorthRidge_13-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NorthRidge_13-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis2012" class="citation book cs1">Lewis, Jon E. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vWqeBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT212">"Appendix 1"</a>. The Mammoth Book of How it Happened – Everest. Little, Brown Book Group. p. 212. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78033-727-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78033-727-2"><bdi>978-1-78033-727-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Appendix+1&rft.btitle=The+Mammoth+Book+of+How+it+Happened+%E2%80%93+Everest&rft.pages=212&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown+Book+Group&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-78033-727-2&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Jon+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvWqeBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT212&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sagar-Matha:_Nepal3-14"><a href="#cite_ref-Sagar-Matha:_Nepal3_14-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-1507822&fid=4445&c=nepal">"Sagar-Matha: Nepal"</a>. Geographical Names. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220326070315/https://geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-1507822&fid=4445&c=nepal">Archived</a> from the original on 26 March 2022. Retrieved 18 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Geographical+Names&rft.atitle=Sagar-Matha%3A+Nepal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geographic.org%2Fgeographic_names%2Fname.php%3Funi%3D-1507822%26fid%3D4445%26c%3Dnepal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Krakauer-19973-15"><a href="#cite_ref-Krakauer-19973_15-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrakauer1997" class="citation book cs1">Krakauer, Jon (1997). Into Thin Air: A Personal Account of the Mt. Everest Disaster. New York: Villard. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-679-45752-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-679-45752-7"><bdi>978-0-679-45752-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Into+Thin+Air%3A+A+Personal+Account+of+the+Mt.+Everest+Disaster&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Villard&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-679-45752-7&rft.aulast=Krakauer&rft.aufirst=Jon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Unsworth5843-16"><a href="#cite_ref-Unsworth5843_16-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnsworth2000" class="citation book cs1">Unsworth, Walt (2000). Everest – The Mountaineering History (3rd ed.). Bâton Wicks. p. 584. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-898573-40-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-898573-40-1"><bdi>978-1-898573-40-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Everest+%E2%80%93+The+Mountaineering+History&rft.pages=584&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=B%C3%A2ton+Wicks&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-898573-40-1&rft.aulast=Unsworth&rft.aufirst=Walt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071226022726/http://www.harappa.com/engr/darjeeling.html">"Mt. Everest 1857"</a>. harappa.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.harappa.com/engr/darjeeling.html#everest">the original</a> on 26 December 2007. Retrieved 23 January 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mt.+Everest+1857&rft.pub=harappa.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.harappa.com%2Fengr%2Fdarjeeling.html%23everest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStorti2021" class="citation book cs1">Storti, Craig (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=f34jEAAAQBAJ">The Hunt for Mount Everest</a>. Quercus. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5293-6629-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5293-6629-7"><bdi>978-1-5293-6629-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241005160709/https://books.google.com/books?id=f34jEAAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 5 October 2024. Retrieved 24 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hunt+for+Mount+Everest&rft.pub=Quercus&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-1-5293-6629-7&rft.aulast=Storti&rft.aufirst=Craig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Df34jEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chomo-lungma:_Nepal-19"><a href="#cite_ref-Chomo-lungma:_Nepal_19-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-1506571&fid=4444&c=nepal">"Chomo-lungma: Nepal"</a>. Geographical Names. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210320212724/https://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-1506571&fid=4444&c=nepal">Archived</a> from the original on 20 March 2021. Retrieved 18 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Geographical+Names&rft.atitle=Chomo-lungma%3A+Nepal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geographic.org%2Fgeographic_names%2Fname.php%3Funi%3D-1506571%26fid%3D4444%26c%3Dnepal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Djomo-lungma:_Nepal-20"><a href="#cite_ref-Djomo-lungma:_Nepal_20-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-1506699&fid=4445&c=nepal">"Djomo-lungma: Nepal"</a>. Geographical Names. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210320212729/https://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-1506699&fid=4445&c=nepal">Archived</a> from the original on 20 March 2021. Retrieved 18 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Geographical+Names&rft.atitle=Djomo-lungma%3A+Nepal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geographic.org%2Fgeographic_names%2Fname.php%3Funi%3D-1506699%26fid%3D4445%26c%3Dnepal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chomolongma:_Nepal-21"><a href="#cite_ref-Chomolongma:_Nepal_21-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-1506569&fid=4444&c=nepal">"Chomolongma: Nepal"</a>. Geographical Names. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210320212734/https://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-1506569&fid=4444&c=nepal">Archived</a> from the original on 20 March 2021. Retrieved 18 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Geographical+Names&rft.atitle=Chomolongma%3A+Nepal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geographic.org%2Fgeographic_names%2Fname.php%3Funi%3D-1506569%26fid%3D4444%26c%3Dnepal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mount_Jolmo_Lungma:_Nepal-22"><a href="#cite_ref-Mount_Jolmo_Lungma:_Nepal_22-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-1506970&fid=4445&c=nepal">"Mount Jolmo Lungma: Nepal"</a>. Geographical Names. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210320212739/https://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-1506970&fid=4445&c=nepal">Archived</a> from the original on 20 March 2021. Retrieved 18 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Geographical+Names&rft.atitle=Mount+Jolmo+Lungma%3A+Nepal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geographic.org%2Fgeographic_names%2Fname.php%3Funi%3D-1506970%26fid%3D4445%26c%3Dnepal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> Other variants include "Jomo Langma", "Chomo-lungma", "Djomo-lungma", "Jolmo Lungma", and "Chomolongma".<a href="#cite_note-Chomo-lungma:_Nepal-19">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-Djomo-lungma:_Nepal-20">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-Chomolongma:_Nepal-21">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mount_Jolmo_Lungma:_Nepal-22">[18]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,859710,00.html">"TIBET: Call It Chomolungma"</a>. Time magazine. 16 June 1952. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170724103053/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,859710,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 July 2017. Retrieved 12 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time+magazine&rft.atitle=TIBET%3A+Call+It+Chomolungma&rft.date=1952-06-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C859710%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-everest_bwp70-25">^ <a href="#cite_ref-everest_bwp70_25-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-everest_bwp70_25-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-everest_bwp70_25-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-everest_bwp70_25-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-everest_bwp70_25-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-everest_bwp70_25-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-everest_bwp70_25-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-everest_bwp70_25-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-everest_bwp70_25-8">i</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Gillman1993" class="citation book cs1">Peter Gillman, ed. (1993). Everest – The Best Writing and Pictures from Seventy Years of Human Endeavour. Little, Brown and Company. pp. 10–13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-316-90489-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-316-90489-6"><bdi>978-0-316-90489-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Everest+%E2%80%93+The+Best+Writing+and+Pictures+from+Seventy+Years+of+Human+Endeavour&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E10-%3C%2Fspan%3E13&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown+and+Company&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-316-90489-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_26-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"India and China". The Times. No. 22490. 4 October 1856. p. 8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=India+and+China&rft.issue=22490&rft.pages=8&rft.date=1856-10-04&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-rgs1857-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rgs1857_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rgs1857_27-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Papers relating to the Himalaya and Mount Everest". Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society of London. IX: 345–351. April–May 1857.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Royal+Geographical+Society+of+London&rft.atitle=Papers+relating+to+the+Himalaya+and+Mount+Everest&rft.volume=IX&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E345-%3C%2Fspan%3E351&rft.date=1857-04%2F1857-05&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Papers relating to the Himalaya and Mount Everest". Proceedings of the London Royal Geographical Society of London. IX: 345–351. April–May 1857.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+London+Royal+Geographical+Society+of+London&rft.atitle=Papers+relating+to+the+Himalaya+and+Mount+Everest&rft.volume=IX&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E345-%3C%2Fspan%3E351&rft.date=1857-04%2F1857-05&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dictionary.com/browse/everest">"Mount Everest"</a>. Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1). Random House, Inc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220326070314/https://www.dictionary.com/browse/everest">Archived</a> from the original on 26 March 2022. Retrieved 22 July 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dictionary.com+Unabridged+%28v+1.1%29&rft.atitle=Mount+Everest&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dictionary.com%2Fbrowse%2Feverest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlaussonSangster2006" class="citation book cs1">Olausson, Lena; Sangster, Catherine M. (2006). Oxford BBC guide to pronunciation: the essential handbook of the spoken word. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 124. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-280710-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-280710-6"><bdi>978-0-19-280710-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oxford+BBC+guide+to+pronunciation%3A+the+essential+handbook+of+the+spoken+word&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=124&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-19-280710-6&rft.aulast=Olausson&rft.aufirst=Lena&rft.au=Sangster%2C+Catherine+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Waddell-31"><a href="#cite_ref-Waddell_31-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaddell1898" class="citation journal cs1">Waddell, LA (December 1898). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zenodo.org/record/1449200">"The Environs and Native Names of Mount Everest"</a>. The Geographical Journal. 12 (6): 564–569. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1898GeogJ..12..564W">1898GeogJ..12..564W</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1774275">10.2307/1774275</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0016-7398">0016-7398</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774275">1774275</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230531080813/https://zenodo.org/record/1449200">Archived</a> from the original on 31 May 2023. Retrieved 13 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Geographical+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Environs+and+Native+Names+of+Mount+Everest&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E564-%3C%2Fspan%3E569&rft.date=1898-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1774275&rft.issn=0016-7398&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1774275%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1898GeogJ..12..564W&rft.aulast=Waddell&rft.aufirst=LA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzenodo.org%2Frecord%2F1449200&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-five-32"><a href="#cite_ref-five_32-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406051156/http://www.historyextra.com/facts/5-facts-about%E2%80%A6-mount-everest">"5 Everest facts"</a>. historyextra.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historyextra.com/facts/5-facts-about%E2%80%A6-mount-everest">the original</a> on 6 April 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=5+Everest+facts&rft.pub=historyextra.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historyextra.com%2Ffacts%2F5-facts-about%25E2%2580%25A6-mount-everest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ahluwalia1978-33"><a href="#cite_ref-Ahluwalia1978_33-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFH.P.S._Ahluwalia1978" class="citation book cs1">H.P.S. Ahluwalia (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EK-CAAAAMAAJ">Faces of Everest</a>. Vikas Publishing House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7069-0563-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7069-0563-2"><bdi>978-0-7069-0563-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241005160711/https://books.google.com/books?id=EK-CAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 5 October 2024. Retrieved 11 July 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Faces+of+Everest&rft.pub=Vikas+Publishing+House&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0-7069-0563-2&rft.au=H.P.S.+Ahluwalia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEK-CAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC_mwde-34"><a href="#cite_ref-BBC_mwde_34-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBiswas2003" class="citation news cs1">Biswas, Soutik (20 October 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3193576.stm">"The man who "discovered" Everest"</a>. BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080415093207/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3193576.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 15 April 2008. Retrieved 11 April 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=The+man+who+%22discovered%22+Everest&rft.date=2003-10-20&rft.aulast=Biswas&rft.aufirst=Soutik&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fsouth_asia%2F3193576.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-tas1982-35"><a href="#cite_ref-tas1982_35-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStegmanBellhouseEhrenbergMantel1982" class="citation journal cs1">Stegman, Charles E; Bellhouse, David; Ehrenberg, A.S. C; Mantel, Nathan; Proschan, Frank; Gianola, Daniel; Searle, S.R; Speed, F.M; Milliken, G.A (February 1982). "Letters to the Editor". The American Statistician. 36 (1): 64–67. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00031305.1982.10482782">10.1080/00031305.1982.10482782</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2684102">2684102</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Statistician&rft.atitle=Letters+to+the+Editor&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E64-%3C%2Fspan%3E67&rft.date=1982-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00031305.1982.10482782&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2684102%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Stegman&rft.aufirst=Charles+E&rft.au=Bellhouse%2C+David&rft.au=Ehrenberg%2C+A.S.+C&rft.au=Mantel%2C+Nathan&rft.au=Proschan%2C+Frank&rft.au=Gianola%2C+Daniel&rft.au=Searle%2C+S.R&rft.au=Speed%2C+F.M&rft.au=Milliken%2C+G.A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeech,_Martin2014" class="citation book cs1">Beech, Martin (2014). The Pendulum Paradigm: Variations on a Theme and the Measure of Heaven and Earth. Universal-Publishers. p. 267.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pendulum+Paradigm%3A+Variations+on+a+Theme+and+the+Measure+of+Heaven+and+Earth&rft.pages=267&rft.pub=Universal-Publishers&rft.date=2014&rft.au=Beech%2C+Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrakauer1997" class="citation book cs1">Krakauer, Jon (1997). Into Thin Air: A Personal Account of the Mount Everest Disaster (First ed.). New York: Anchor Books. pp. 15–16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-385-49478-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-385-49478-6"><bdi>978-0-385-49478-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/36130642">36130642</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Into+Thin+Air%3A+A+Personal+Account+of+the+Mount+Everest+Disaster&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E15-%3C%2Fspan%3E16&rft.edition=First&rft.pub=Anchor+Books&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F36130642&rft.isbn=978-0-385-49478-6&rft.aulast=Krakauer&rft.aufirst=Jon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-everest-height-1952-1954-38"><a href="#cite_ref-everest-height-1952-1954_38-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGulatee1955" class="citation web cs1">Gulatee, Bihari Lal (10 May 1955). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/Everest_201304">"Technical Paper No. 8, The Height of Mount Everest a New Determination (1952–1954)"</a>. New Delhi, India: <a href="/wiki/Indian_Agricultural_Research_Institute" title="Indian Agricultural Research Institute">Indian Agricultural Research Institute</a>. Retrieved 2 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Technical+Paper+No.+8%2C+The+Height+of+Mount+Everest+a+New+Determination+%281952%E2%80%931954%29&rft.place=New+Delhi%2C+India&rft.pub=Indian+Agricultural+Research+Institute&rft.date=1955-05-10&rft.aulast=Gulatee&rft.aufirst=Bihari+Lal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FEverest_201304&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ABC_au-39">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ABC_au_39-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ABC_au_39-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/science/news/enviro/EnviroRepublish_1478658.htm">"Everest not as tall as thought"</a>. News in Science. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 5 October 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511184616/http://www.abc.net.au/science/news/enviro/EnviroRepublish_1478658.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 11 May 2011. Retrieved 1 April 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=News+in+Science&rft.atitle=Everest+not+as+tall+as+thought&rft.date=2005-10-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fscience%2Fnews%2Fenviro%2FEnviroRepublish_1478658.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/8608913.stm">"Nepal and China agree on Mount Everest's height"</a>. BBC News. 8 April 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120303133522/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/8608913.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2012. Retrieved 22 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Nepal+and+China+agree+on+Mount+Everest%27s+height&rft.date=2010-04-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Fsouth_asia%2F8608913.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaley2019" class="citation news cs1">Daley, Jason (15 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/nepalese-expedtion-wants-find-out-if-earthquake-shrunk-mount-everest-180971963/">"Nepalese Expedition Seeks to Find Out if an Earthquake Shrunk Mount Everest Read"</a>. Smithsonian.com. Smithsonian Magazine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230531075731/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/nepalese-expedtion-wants-find-out-if-earthquake-shrunk-mount-everest-180971963/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 May 2023. Retrieved 28 August 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian.com&rft.atitle=Nepalese+Expedition+Seeks+to+Find+Out+if+an+Earthquake+Shrunk+Mount+Everest+Read&rft.date=2019-04-15&rft.aulast=Daley&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithsonianmag.com%2Fsmart-news%2Fnepalese-expedtion-wants-find-out-if-earthquake-shrunk-mount-everest-180971963%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-alpres-42">^ <a href="#cite_ref-alpres_42-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-alpres_42-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070103165811/http://www.alpineresearch.ch/alpine/en/presse1.html">"Elevation of Mount Everest newly defined"</a>. Swiss Foundation for Alpine Research. 12 November 1999. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alpineresearch.ch/alpine/en/presse1.html">the original</a> on 3 January 2007. Retrieved 1 April 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Elevation+of+Mount+Everest+newly+defined&rft.pub=Swiss+Foundation+for+Alpine+Research&rft.date=1999-11-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alpineresearch.ch%2Falpine%2Fen%2Fpresse1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070314011131/http://www.nepalgov.gov.np/countryprofile.php">"Country Profile"</a>. Government of Nepal. 2001. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nepalgov.gov.np/countryprofile.php">the original</a> on 14 March 2007. Retrieved 1 April 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Country+Profile&rft.pub=Government+of+Nepal&rft.date=2001&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nepalgov.gov.np%2Fcountryprofile.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUS_Department_of_Commerce" class="citation web cs1">US Department of Commerce, NOAA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geodesy.noaa.gov/GEOID/GEOID18/geoid18_tech_details.shtml">"GEOID18 Technical Details | GEOID18 | National Geodetic Survey"</a>. geodesy.noaa.gov. Retrieved 9 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=geodesy.noaa.gov&rft.atitle=GEOID18+Technical+Details+%7C+GEOID18+%7C+National+Geodetic+Survey&rft.aulast=US+Department+of+Commerce&rft.aufirst=NOAA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgeodesy.noaa.gov%2FGEOID%2FGEOID18%2Fgeoid18_tech_details.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-washburn_map-45">^ <a href="#cite_ref-washburn_map_45-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-washburn_map_45-1">b</a> Mount Everest (1:50,000 scale map), prepared under the direction of <a href="/wiki/Bradford_Washburn" title="Bradford Washburn">Bradford Washburn</a> for the Boston Museum of Science, the Swiss Foundation for Alpine Research, and the <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society">National Geographic Society</a>, 1991, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-85515-105-9" title="Special:BookSources/3-85515-105-9">3-85515-105-9</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Junyong_Yanping_Janli_Chunxi_2010_pp._122–131-46"><a href="#cite_ref-Junyong_Yanping_Janli_Chunxi_2010_pp._122–131_46-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJunyongYanpingJanliChunxi2010" class="citation journal cs1">Junyong, Chen; Yanping, Zhang; Janli, Yuan; Chunxi, Guo; Peng, Zhang (2010). 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Retrieved 16 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Official+height+for+Everest+set&rft.date=2010-04-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fsouth_asia%2F8608913.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/mount-everest-height-agreed-china-nepal-worlds-highest-mountain-even-taller/?ftag=CNM-00-10aab7e&linkId=106576647">"Mount Everest, the world's highest mountain, officially just got a little bit higher"</a>. CBS. 8 December 2020. 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BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211225034126/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-55218443">Archived</a> from the original on 25 December 2021. 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Global Change Biology. 26 (3): 1608–1625. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020GCBio..26.1608A">2020GCBio..26.1608A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fgcb.14919">10.1111/gcb.14919</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7078945">7078945</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31918454">31918454</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Change+Biology&rft.atitle=Vegetation+expansion+in+the+subnival+Hindu+Kush+Himalaya&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1608-%3C%2Fspan%3E1625&rft.date=2020-01-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7078945%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31918454&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fgcb.14919&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2020GCBio..26.1608A&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft.au=Fawcett%2C+Dominic&rft.au=Cugulliere%2C+Anthony&rft.au=Benford%2C+Sophie&rft.au=Jones%2C+Darren&rft.au=Leng%2C+Ruolin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7078945&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-wanless-76">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wanless_76-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-wanless_76-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="wanless" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Fred_Wanless" title="Fred Wanless">Wanless, F. R.</a> (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://britishspiders.org.uk/system/files/library/030505.pdf">"Spiders of the family Salticidae from the upper slopes of Everest and Makalu"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Bulletin_of_the_British_Arachnological_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society">Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society</a>. 3 (5): 132–136. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230708174745/https://britishspiders.org.uk/system/files/library/030505.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 8 July 2023. Retrieved 15 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+British+Arachnological+Society&rft.atitle=Spiders+of+the+family+Salticidae+from+the+upper+slopes+of+Everest+and+Makalu&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E132-%3C%2Fspan%3E136&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Wanless&rft.aufirst=F.+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbritishspiders.org.uk%2Fsystem%2Ffiles%2Flibrary%2F030505.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-his7-77">^ <a href="#cite_ref-his7_77-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-his7_77-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJesse_Greenspan" class="citation web cs1">Jesse Greenspan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.com/news/7-things-you-should-know-about-mount-everest">"7 Things You Should Know About Mount Everest"</a>. History.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220602021529/https://www.history.com/news/7-things-you-should-know-about-mount-everest">Archived</a> from the original on 2 June 2022. Retrieved 20 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=History.com&rft.atitle=7+Things+You+Should+Know+About+Mount+Everest&rft.au=Jesse+Greenspan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Fnews%2F7-things-you-should-know-about-mount-everest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-30799436">"Bar-headed geese: Highest bird migration tracked"</a>. BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220513161923/https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-30799436">Archived</a> from the original on 13 May 2022. 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University of Illinois, 2007"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.carnivoreconservation.org/files/thesis/ale_2007_phd.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ale%2C+Som+B.+%22Ecology+of+the+Snow+Leopard+and+the+Himalayan+Tahr+in+Sagarmatha+%28Mt.+Everest%29+National+Park%2C+Nepal.%22+University+of+Illinois%2C+2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.carnivoreconservation.org%2Ffiles%2Fthesis%2Fale_2007_phd.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://animals.mom.me/list-animals-mount-everest-7481.html">"List of Animals on Mount Everest"</a>. 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Retrieved 29 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=whc.unesco.org&rft.atitle=Sagarmatha+National+Park&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F120%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.topchinatravel.com/mount-everest/mount-everest-national-nature-reserve.htm">"Mount Everest National Nature Reserve: Facts, Geography & Location"</a>. www.topchinatravel.com. 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Retrieved 30 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Poland%27s+%27ice+warriors%27+risk+life+and+limb+to+be+first+to+summit+K2+in+winter&rft.date=2017-07-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scmp.com%2Fsport%2Fother-sport%2Farticle%2F2102469%2Fhow-polands-ice-warriors-aim-become-first-team-summit-k2-savage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tygodnikpowszechny.pl/zgineli-bo-byli-najlepsi-134200">"Zginęli, bo byli najlepsi"</a>. www.tygodnikpowszechny.pl. 9 June 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220326072830/https://www.tygodnikpowszechny.pl/zgineli-bo-byli-najlepsi-134200">Archived</a> from the original on 26 March 2022. Retrieved 30 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.tygodnikpowszechny.pl&rft.atitle=Zgin%C4%99li%2C+bo+byli+najlepsi&rft.date=2009-06-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tygodnikpowszechny.pl%2Fzgineli-bo-byli-najlepsi-134200&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Washington_Post-134"><a href="#cite_ref-Washington_Post_134-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaechtel" class="citation news cs1">Baechtel, Mark. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/entertainment/books/2001/11/18/for-anyone-with-even-a-passing/a4f154e5-c22b-4fc9-bea3-93c794d34814/">"Review: Above the Clouds: The Diaries of a High-Altitude Mountaineer"</a>. 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Retrieved 16 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Review%3A+Above+the+Clouds%3A+The+Diaries+of+a+High-Altitude+Mountaineer&rft.aulast=Baechtel&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fentertainment%2Fbooks%2F2001%2F11%2F18%2Ffor-anyone-with-even-a-passing%2Fa4f154e5-c22b-4fc9-bea3-93c794d34814%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Russia_Beyond-135">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Russia_Beyond_135-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Russia_Beyond_135-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZubacheva2018" class="citation web cs1">Zubacheva, Ksenia (21 February 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rbth.com/history/327642-boukreev-everest-tragedy">"How a Russian rescued U.S. alpinists on top of Mt. 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Retrieved 16 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Breathless&rft.date=1997-12-07&rft.aulast=Parfit&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.nytimes.com%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Fbooks%2F97%2F12%2F07%2Freviews%2F971207.07parfitt.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NewScientist-137"><a href="#cite_ref-NewScientist_137-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070703183045/http://www.newscientisttech.com/article/mg18224492.200-the-day-the-sky-fell-on-everest.html">"The day the sky fell on Everest"</a>. New Scientist (2449): 15. 29 May 2004. 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Retrieved 11 December 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Scientist&rft.atitle=The+day+the+sky+fell+on+Everest&rft.issue=2449&rft.pages=15&rft.date=2004-05-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newscientisttech.com%2Farticle%2Fmg18224492.200-the-day-the-sky-fell-on-everest.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BioEd_Online-138"><a href="#cite_ref-BioEd_Online_138-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeplow2004" class="citation web cs1">Peplow, Mark (25 May 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bioedonline.org/news/news.cfm?art=986">"High winds suck oxygen from Everest. Predicting pressure lows could protect climbers"</a>. BioEd Online. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201004221206/http://www.bioedonline.org/news/news.cfm?art=986">Archived</a> from the original on 4 October 2020. Retrieved 11 December 2006. <q>Moore explains that these jet streaks can drag a huge draught of air up the side of the mountain, lowering the air pressure. He calculates that this typically reduces the partial pressure of oxygen in the air by about 6%, which translates to a 14% reduction in oxygen uptake for the climbers. Air at that altitude already contains only one third as much oxygen as sea-level air.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=High+winds+suck+oxygen+from+Everest.+Predicting+pressure+lows+could+protect+climbers&rft.pub=BioEd+Online&rft.date=2004-05-25&rft.aulast=Peplow&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bioedonline.org%2Fnews%2Fnews.cfm%3Fart%3D986&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-badassoftheweek.com-139">^ <a href="#cite_ref-badassoftheweek.com_139-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-badassoftheweek.com_139-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.badassoftheweek.com/weathers.html">"Beck Weathers"</a>. 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D Magazine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211020002916/https://www.dmagazine.com/publications/d-magazine/2000/may/my-journey-home-from-everest/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 October 2021. Retrieved 31 January 2017. <q>They left me alone in <a href="/wiki/Scott_Fischer" title="Scott Fischer">Scott Fischer</a>'s tent that night, expecting me to die. On a couple of occasions, I heard the others referring to "a dead guy" in the tent. Who could that be? I wondered as I slipped in and out of wakefulness.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=D+Magazine&rft.atitle=My+Journey+Home+From+Everest&rft.date=2000-05&rft.aulast=Weathers&rft.aufirst=Beck&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dmagazine.com%2Fpublications%2Fd-magazine%2F2000%2Fmay%2Fmy-journey-home-from-everest%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Baltasar-141"><a href="#cite_ref-Baltasar_141-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHopewell2013" class="citation news cs1">Hopewell, John (6 August 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2013/film/international/2-guns-kormakur-set-to-climb-everest-1200574821/">"'2 Guns' Helmer Kormakur Set to Climb 'Everest'"</a>. Variety. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140201091929/http://variety.com/2013/film/international/2-guns-kormakur-set-to-climb-everest-1200574821/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 February 2014. Retrieved 17 January 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=%272+Guns%27+Helmer+Kormakur+Set+to+Climb+%27Everest%27&rft.date=2013-08-06&rft.aulast=Hopewell&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2013%2Ffilm%2Finternational%2F2-guns-kormakur-set-to-climb-everest-1200574821%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/cold-mountain-death-on-everest-620716.html">"Cold mountain: Death on Everest"</a>. 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Retrieved 22 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Blog+on+alanarnette.com&rft.atitle=Everest+2018%3A+Season+Summary+%E2%80%93+Record+Weather%2C+Record+Summits&rft.date=2018-05-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alanarnette.com%2Fblog%2F2018%2F05%2F24%2Feverest-2018-season-summary-record-weather-record-summits%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-time5604758-163">^ <a href="#cite_ref-time5604758_163-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-time5604758_163-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-time5604758_163-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-time5604758_163-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-time5604758_163-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-time5604758_163-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-time5604758_163-6">g</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmily_BaroneLon_Tweeten" class="citation magazine cs1">Emily Barone; Lon Tweeten. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/5604758/mount-everest-deaths/">"Greed, Weather and Inexperience: See How Mount Everest's Deadly Season Compares to Past Years"</a>. 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Retrieved 28 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UPI&rft.atitle=Mount+Everest+death+toll+increases+to+11+after+American+dies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.upi.com%2FTop_News%2FWorld-News%2F2019%2F05%2F27%2FMount-Everest-death-toll-increases-to-11-after-American-dies%2F5961558993369%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Slater-211">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Slater_211-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Slater_211-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlater" class="citation news cs1">Slater, Sarah. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/memorial-service-to-be-held-for-everest-climber-shay-lawless-1.3904626">"Memorial service to be held for Everest climber Shay Lawless"</a>. The Irish Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220326072829/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/memorial-service-to-be-held-for-everest-climber-shay-lawless-1.3904626">Archived</a> from the original on 26 March 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Memorial+service+to+be+held+for+Everest+climber+Shay+Lawless&rft.aulast=Slater&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fireland%2Firish-news%2Fmemorial-service-to-be-held-for-everest-climber-shay-lawless-1.3904626&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWengel2019" class="citation web cs1">Wengel, Yana (7 June 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theconversation.com/death-on-everest-the-boom-in-climbing-tourism-is-dangerous-and-unsustainable-114033">"Death on Everest: the boom in climbing tourism is dangerous and unsustainable"</a>. The Conversation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220513154218/https://theconversation.com/death-on-everest-the-boom-in-climbing-tourism-is-dangerous-and-unsustainable-114033">Archived</a> from the original on 13 May 2022. Retrieved 7 June 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Conversation&rft.atitle=Death+on+Everest%3A+the+boom+in+climbing+tourism+is+dangerous+and+unsustainable&rft.date=2019-06-07&rft.aulast=Wengel&rft.aufirst=Yana&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Fdeath-on-everest-the-boom-in-climbing-tourism-is-dangerous-and-unsustainable-114033&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coloradosun.com/2019/06/06/peter-lowry-colorado-mount-everest-deaths/">"Colorado climber stepped over newly dead bodies to summit Everest. He's still wrestling with what it all means"</a>. The Colorado Sun. 6 June 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220326072850/https://coloradosun.com/2019/06/06/peter-lowry-colorado-mount-everest-deaths/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 March 2022. Retrieved 7 June 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Colorado+Sun&rft.atitle=Colorado+climber+stepped+over+newly+dead+bodies+to+summit+Everest.+He%27s+still+wrestling+with+what+it+all+means.&rft.date=2019-06-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcoloradosun.com%2F2019%2F06%2F06%2Fpeter-lowry-colorado-mount-everest-deaths%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/mount-everest-deaths-climber-describes-traffic-jams-and-corpses/">"Climber describes scene in Everest's "death zone": Traffic jams and corpses"</a>. www.cbsnews.com. 28 May 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220713161346/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/mount-everest-deaths-climber-describes-traffic-jams-and-corpses/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 July 2022. Retrieved 7 June 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cbsnews.com&rft.atitle=Climber+describes+scene+in+Everest%27s+%22death+zone%22%3A+Traffic+jams+and+corpses&rft.date=2019-05-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fmount-everest-deaths-climber-describes-traffic-jams-and-corpses%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto6-215">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto6_215-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto6_215-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alanarnette.com/blog/2019/01/06/2018-19-winter-climbs-k2-climbers-en-route-nanga-climbers-climbing/">"2018/19 Winter Climbs: K2 Climbers en route, Nanga Climbers Climbing, New Everest Route?"</a>. The Blog on alanarnette.com. 7 January 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210927163646/https://www.alanarnette.com/blog/2019/01/06/2018-19-winter-climbs-k2-climbers-en-route-nanga-climbers-climbing/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2021. Retrieved 23 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Blog+on+alanarnette.com&rft.atitle=2018%2F19+Winter+Climbs%3A+K2+Climbers+en+route%2C+Nanga+Climbers+Climbing%2C+New+Everest+Route%3F&rft.date=2019-01-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alanarnette.com%2Fblog%2F2019%2F01%2F06%2F2018-19-winter-climbs-k2-climbers-en-route-nanga-climbers-climbing%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWallen2019" class="citation news cs1">Wallen, Joe (9 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/04/09/nepalese-team-measure-mount-everest-amid-concerns-peak-has-shrunk/">"Nepalese team to measure Mount Everest amid concerns it has shrunk following earthquake"</a>. The Telegraph. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0307-1235">0307-1235</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/04/09/nepalese-team-measure-mount-everest-amid-concerns-peak-has-shrunk/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 10 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Nepalese+team+to+measure+Mount+Everest+amid+concerns+it+has+shrunk+following+earthquake&rft.date=2019-04-09&rft.issn=0307-1235&rft.aulast=Wallen&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2F2019%2F04%2F09%2Fnepalese-team-measure-mount-everest-amid-concerns-peak-has-shrunk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/5566400/nepalese-climbers-remeasuring-everest/">"Nepalese Climbers to Remeasure Mount Everest"</a>. Time. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211227180150/https://time.com/5566400/nepalese-climbers-remeasuring-everest/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 December 2021. Retrieved 10 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Nepalese+Climbers+to+Remeasure+Mount+Everest&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F5566400%2Fnepalese-climbers-remeasuring-everest%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-47249141">"China closes Everest base camp to tourists"</a>. 15 February 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220809161240/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-47249141">Archived</a> from the original on 9 August 2022. Retrieved 24 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=China+closes+Everest+base+camp+to+tourists&rft.date=2019-02-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-china-47249141&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/kidspost/american-scientists-to-climb-mount-everest-to-study-pollution/2019/03/27/9e56172c-41c8-11e9-922c-64d6b7840b82_story.html">"American scientists to climb Mount Everest to study pollution"</a>. Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201126234525/https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/kidspost/american-scientists-to-climb-mount-everest-to-study-pollution/2019/03/27/9e56172c-41c8-11e9-922c-64d6b7840b82_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 November 2020. Retrieved 10 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=American+scientists+to+climb+Mount+Everest+to+study+pollution&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Flifestyle%2Fkidspost%2Famerican-scientists-to-climb-mount-everest-to-study-pollution%2F2019%2F03%2F27%2F9e56172c-41c8-11e9-922c-64d6b7840b82_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nbcrita-220">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nbcrita_220-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nbcrita_220-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nbcrita_220-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/sherpa-guide-kami-rita-climbs-mount-everest-24th-time-extends-n1008186">"Mountaineer extends record by climbing Everest for 24th time"</a>. NBC News. 21 May 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220826202812/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/sherpa-guide-kami-rita-climbs-mount-everest-24th-time-extends-n1008186">Archived</a> from the original on 26 August 2022. Retrieved 22 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Mountaineer+extends+record+by+climbing+Everest+for+24th+time&rft.date=2019-05-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fsherpa-guide-kami-rita-climbs-mount-everest-24th-time-extends-n1008186&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cnnrita-221">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cnnrita_221-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cnnrita_221-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cnnrita_221-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmily_Dixon_and_Sugam_Pokharel2019" class="citation web cs1">Emily Dixon and Sugam Pokharel (21 May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2019/05/21/asia/nepal-everest-record-scli-intl/index.html">"Sherpa summits Everest a record 24th time"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220629082340/https://www.cnn.com/2019/05/21/asia/nepal-everest-record-scli-intl/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 June 2022. Retrieved 22 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Sherpa+summits+Everest+a+record+24th+time&rft.date=2019-05-21&rft.au=Emily+Dixon+and+Sugam+Pokharel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2019%2F05%2F21%2Fasia%2Fnepal-everest-record-scli-intl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbcrita-222">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bbcrita_222-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbcrita_222-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-48346341">"Sherpa sets record with 24th Everest summit"</a>. BBC News. 21 May 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220326113614/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-48346341">Archived</a> from the original on 26 March 2022. Retrieved 22 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Sherpa+sets+record+with+24th+Everest+summit&rft.date=2019-05-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-48346341&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rockandice.com/climbing-news/chinese-everest-permits-slashed-by-33/">"Chinese Everest Permits Slashed By 33%"</a>. 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Retrieved 26 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rock+and+Ice&rft.atitle=Chinese+Everest+Permits+Slashed+By+33%25&rft.date=2019-01-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frockandice.com%2Fclimbing-news%2Fchinese-everest-permits-slashed-by-33%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-224">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_224-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_224-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/2019/05/21/sherpa-climbs-everest-twice-week-breaks-his-record-with-his-th-ascent/">"Sherpa climbs Everest twice in a week, breaks his record with his 24th ascent"</a>. Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220418081121/https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/2019/05/21/sherpa-climbs-everest-twice-week-breaks-his-record-with-his-th-ascent/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 April 2022. 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Retrieved 13 June 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NDTV&rft.atitle=Climbers+Did+Not+Die+Due+To+Congestion+on+Mount+Everest%2C+Says+Nepal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ndtv.com%2Fworld-news%2Fclimbers-did-not-die-due-to-congestion-on-mount-everest-says-nepal-2052554&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-238"><a href="#cite_ref-238">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.voanews.com/a/south-central-asia_everest-climbing-season-was-no-other/6206664.html">"Everest Climbing Season Was Like No Other"</a>. 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Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230412055902/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/interactive/2021/mount-everest-basecamp-coronavirus-nepal/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 April 2023. 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Retrieved 20 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Kenton+Cool%3A+my+journey+from+a+wheelchair+to+the+peak+of+Mount+Everest&rft.date=2015-08-11&rft.aulast=Stadlen&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fmen%2Factive%2F11794351%2FKenton-Cool-my-journey-from-a-wheelchair-to-the-peak-of-Mount-Everest.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-251"><a href="#cite_ref-251">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://developingworldconnections.org/destination/nepal/">"Nepal"</a>. 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Retrieved 11 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic+News&rft.atitle=Mount+Everest+Fight+Raises+Questions+About+Sherpas&rft.date=2013-05-01&rft.aulast=Coburn&rft.aufirst=Broughton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.com%2Ftravel%2Farticle%2F130501-mount-everest-fight-sherpas-sahibs-world-mountain-climbing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-380"><a href="#cite_ref-380">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilbert2000" class="citation web cs1">Gilbert, Jeanne-Marie (November 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/everest/history/rongbukmon.html">"Rongbuk Monastery"</a>. <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a>. Retrieved 14 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PBS&rft.atitle=Rongbuk+Monastery&rft.date=2000-11&rft.aulast=Gilbert&rft.aufirst=Jeanne-Marie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Fnova%2Feverest%2Fhistory%2Frongbukmon.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-381"><a href="#cite_ref-381">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolley2015" class="citation news cs1">Holley, Peter (3 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2015/03/03/decades-of-human-waste-have-made-mount-everest-a-fecal-time-bomb/">"Morning Mix Decades of human waste have made Mount Everest a 'fecal time bomb'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Washington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Post">Washington Post</a>. Retrieved 31 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Morning+Mix+Decades+of+human+waste+have+made+Mount+Everest+a+%27fecal+time+bomb%27&rft.date=2015-03-03&rft.aulast=Holley&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fmorning-mix%2Fwp%2F2015%2F03%2F03%2Fdecades-of-human-waste-have-made-mount-everest-a-fecal-time-bomb%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-382"><a href="#cite_ref-382">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBishop2015" class="citation news cs1">Bishop, Brent (7 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.outsideonline.com/1965696/peak-poop-feces-problem-everest-needs-solution">"Peak Poop: The Feces Problem on Everest Needs a Solution"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Outside_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="Outside Online">Outside Online</a>. Mariah Media Network LLC. Retrieved 18 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Outside+Online&rft.atitle=Peak+Poop%3A+The+Feces+Problem+on+Everest+Needs+a+Solution&rft.date=2015-04-07&rft.aulast=Bishop&rft.aufirst=Brent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.outsideonline.com%2F1965696%2Fpeak-poop-feces-problem-everest-needs-solution&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-383"><a href="#cite_ref-383">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaul2015" class="citation news cs1">Saul, Heather (3 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/environment/human-waste-left-by-climbers-on-mount-everest-is-causing-pollution-and-could-spread-diseases-10081562.html">"Human waste left by climbers on Mount Everest is causing pollution and could spread diseases"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171222105040/http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/human-waste-left-by-climbers-on-mount-everest-is-causing-pollution-and-could-spread-diseases-10081562.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2017. Retrieved 31 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Human+waste+left+by+climbers+on+Mount+Everest+is+causing+pollution+and+could+spread+diseases&rft.date=2015-03-03&rft.aulast=Saul&rft.aufirst=Heather&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fenvironment%2Fhuman-waste-left-by-climbers-on-mount-everest-is-causing-pollution-and-could-spread-diseases-10081562.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-384"><a href="#cite_ref-384">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-47249141">"China closes Everest base camp to tourists"</a>. 15 February 2019. Retrieved 15 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=China+closes+Everest+base+camp+to+tourists&rft.date=2019-02-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-china-47249141&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-385"><a href="#cite_ref-385">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/south-asia/major-clean-up-of-everest-aims-to-bring-back-10000kg-garbage-bodies-of-dead-climbers">"Major cleanup of Everest aims to bring back 10,000 kg of garbage, bodies of dead climbers"</a>. The Straits Times. 29 April 2019. Retrieved 1 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=Major+cleanup+of+Everest+aims+to+bring+back+10%2C000+kg+of+garbage%2C+bodies+of+dead+climbers&rft.date=2019-04-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.straitstimes.com%2Fasia%2Fsouth-asia%2Fmajor-clean-up-of-everest-aims-to-bring-back-10000kg-garbage-bodies-of-dead-climbers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-386"><a href="#cite_ref-386">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/everest-nepal-sherpa-garbage-0e9ce2b7f1622244e3fc628f84b74000">A record-holding Sherpa guide concerned about garbage on higher camps on Mount Everest</a>, apnews.com, Binaj Gurubacharya, May 29, 2024 </li> <li id="cite_note-387"><a href="#cite_ref-387">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/mount-everest-cleanup-garbage-environment-nepal-0e123e215854b2c2a172492769348ee6">Mount Everest’s highest camp is littered with frozen garbage, and cleanup is likely to take years</a>, apnews.com, Binaj Gurubacharya, July 6, 2024 </li> <li id="cite_note-388"><a href="#cite_ref-388">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/video/nepal-kathmandu-d726e1821027434c94d04efb95c08390">Everest’s highest camp littered with frozen garbage, and cleanup likely to take years, Sherpas say</a>, apneas.com/video, July 6, 2024 </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For 1924 Mount Everest expedition, see <a href="/wiki/1924_British_Mount_Everest_expedition#Bibliography" title="1924 British Mount Everest expedition">1924 British Mount Everest expedition § Bibliography</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For first ascent of Mount Everest, see <a href="/wiki/1953_British_Mount_Everest_expedition#Further_reading" title="1953 British Mount Everest expedition">1953 British Mount Everest expedition § Further reading</a>.</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAstill2005" class="citation book cs1">Astill, Tony (2005). Mount Everest: The Reconnaissance 1935.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mount+Everest%3A+The+Reconnaissance+1935&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Astill&rft.aufirst=Tony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoukreevDeWalt1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Anatoli_Boukreev" title="Anatoli Boukreev">Boukreev, Anatoli</a>; DeWalt, G. Weston (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/climbtragicambit00bouk_0">The Climb: Tragic Ambitions on Everest</a>. Saint Martin's Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-16814-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-16814-8"><bdi>978-0-312-16814-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Climb%3A+Tragic+Ambitions+on+Everest&rft.pub=Saint+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-312-16814-8&rft.aulast=Boukreev&rft.aufirst=Anatoli&rft.au=DeWalt%2C+G.+Weston&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fclimbtragicambit00bouk_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHillary1953" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Hillary" title="Edmund Hillary">Hillary, Edmund</a> (1953). High Adventure. London: Hodder & Stoughton.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=High+Adventure&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Hodder+%26+Stoughton&rft.date=1953&rft.aulast=Hillary&rft.aufirst=Edmund&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoldich1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Holdich" title="Thomas Holdich">Holdich, Thomas</a> (1911). <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Everest,_Mount">"Everest, Mount" </a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). p. 7.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Everest%2C+Mount&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=7&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Holdich&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMessner1989" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Reinhold_Messner" title="Reinhold Messner">Messner, Reinhold</a> (1989). The Crystal Horizon: Everest – the first solo ascent. Seattle: The Mountaineers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89886-207-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89886-207-2"><bdi>978-0-89886-207-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Crystal+Horizon%3A+Everest+%E2%80%93+the+first+solo+ascent&rft.place=Seattle&rft.pub=The+Mountaineers&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-89886-207-2&rft.aulast=Messner&rft.aufirst=Reinhold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurray1953" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/W.H._Murray" class="mw-redirect" title="W.H. Murray">Murray, W.H.</a> (1953). The Story of Everest, 1921–1952. London: J.M. Dent & Sons.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+Everest%2C+1921%E2%80%931952&rft.place=London&rft.pub=J.M.+Dent+%26+Sons&rft.date=1953&rft.aulast=Murray&rft.aufirst=W.H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorgayUllman1955" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tenzing_Norgay" title="Tenzing Norgay">Norgay, Tenzing</a>; Ullman, Ramsey James (1955). Tiger of the Snows. New York: Putnam.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tiger+of+the+Snows&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Putnam&rft.date=1955&rft.aulast=Norgay&rft.aufirst=Tenzing&rft.au=Ullman%2C+Ramsey+James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTilman1952" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Tilman" title="Bill Tilman">Tilman, H.W.</a> (1952). Nepal Himalaya. Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nepal+Himalaya&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1952&rft.aulast=Tilman&rft.aufirst=H.W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWashburn1988" class="citation magazine cs1">Washburn, Bradford (November 1988). "Mount Everest: Surveying the Third Pole". <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Geographic (magazine)">National Geographic</a>. Vol. 174, no. 5. pp. 652–659. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0027-9358">0027-9358</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/643483454">643483454</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic&rft.atitle=Mount+Everest%3A+Surveying+the+Third+Pole&rft.volume=174&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E652-%3C%2Fspan%3E659&rft.date=1988-11&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F643483454&rft.issn=0027-9358&rft.aulast=Washburn&rft.aufirst=Bradford&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFleetwood2022" class="citation book cs1">Fleetwood, Lachlan (May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/science-on-the-roof-of-the-world/5E7BA0430A766D7008017E1E4F1231DE">Science on the Roof of the World: Empire and the Remaking of the Himalaya</a>. Science in History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-009-12311-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-009-12311-2"><bdi>978-1-009-12311-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Science+on+the+Roof+of+the+World%3A+Empire+and+the+Remaking+of+the+Himalaya&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.series=Science+in+History&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2022-05&rft.isbn=978-1-009-12311-2&rft.aulast=Fleetwood&rft.aufirst=Lachlan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fbooks%2Fscience-on-the-roof-of-the-world%2F5E7BA0430A766D7008017E1E4F1231DE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Everest" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="width: 240px; clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External image</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><img alt="image icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/16px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/24px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/32px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://maps.yandex.com/-/CVgluFYs">360° panoramic view</a> (<a href="/wiki/Virtual_tour" title="Virtual tour">virtual tour</a>)</td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right mw-collapsible sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow" style="clear: both"> Mount Everest at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex mw-collapsible-content"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Mount_Everest" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Mount Everest">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%87%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B3%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98" class="extiw" title="c:ཇོ་མོ་གླང་མ">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Mount_Everest" class="extiw" title="q:Mount Everest">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Everest,_Mount" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Everest, Mount">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Mount_Everest" class="extiw" title="voy:Mount Everest">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q513" class="extiw" title="d:Q513">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181025114329/http://himalaya-info.org/Map%20khumbu_mitte.htm">Mount Everest on Himalaya-Info.org (German)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.staeudtner.com/allgemein/360-panorama-view-mount-everest-summit/">360 panorama view from top of Mount Everest – large dimension drawing</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050407035439/http://www.nationalgeographic.com/everest/">National Geographic site on Mount Everest</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/everest/">NOVA site on Mount Everest</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://imagingeverest.rgs.org/Concepts/Imaging_Everest">Imaging Everest, a collection of photographs</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161114060108/http://imagingeverest.rgs.org/Concepts/Imaging_Everest/">Archived</a> 14 November 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.summitpost.org/mountain/rock/150230/everest.html">Mount Everest on Summitpost</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.8000ers.com/cms/content/view/52/185/">Full list of all ascents of Everest up to and including 2008 (in PDF format)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://outdoorinquirer.com/mount-everest-deaths/">Deaths by year</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231005171820/http://everesthistory.com/everestsummits/summitsbyyear.htm">Summits and deaths per year</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thegreatindian.tripod.com/mountEverest.htm">Mount Everest panorama</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.panoramas.dk/fullscreen2/full22.html">Mount Everest interactive panorama (QuickTime format)</a>, Virtual panoramas</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220314122829/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/article/150420-everest-climbing-sherpas-mountaineering-nepal-himalayas-guides">National Geographic, 2015 article with info-graphic on climbing routes</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.himalayandatabase.com/">Himalayan Database: Data Visualization of Mount 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style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Everest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Summit_(Mount_Everest)" class="mw-redirect" title="South Summit (Mount Everest)">South Summit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K2" title="K2">K2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangchenjunga" title="Kangchenjunga">Kangchenjunga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yalung_Kang" title="Yalung Kang">Yalung Kang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangchenjunga_South" title="Kangchenjunga South">Kangchenjunga South</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lhotse" title="Lhotse">Lhotse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lhotse_Middle" title="Lhotse Middle">Lhotse Middle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lhotse_Shar" title="Lhotse Shar">Lhotse Shar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makalu" title="Makalu">Makalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cho_Oyu" title="Cho Oyu">Cho Oyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhaulagiri" title="Dhaulagiri">Dhaulagiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manaslu" title="Manaslu">Manaslu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanga_Parbat" title="Nanga Parbat">Nanga Parbat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annapurna_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Annapurna I">Annapurna I</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annapurna_I_East" title="Annapurna I East">Annapurna I East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annapurna_I_Middle_Peak" title="Annapurna I Middle Peak">Annapurna I Middle Peak</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gasherbrum_I" title="Gasherbrum I">Gasherbrum I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broad_Peak" title="Broad Peak">Broad Peak</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broad_Peak_Central" title="Broad Peak Central">Broad Peak Central</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gasherbrum_II" title="Gasherbrum II">Gasherbrum II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shishapangma" title="Shishapangma">Shishapangma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ski_descents_of_eight-thousanders" title="List of ski descents of eight-thousanders">List of ski descents of eight-thousanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight-thousander#List_of_climbers_of_all_14" title="Eight-thousander">List of climbers summiting all eight-thousanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_deaths_on_eight-thousanders" title="List of deaths on eight-thousanders">List of deaths on eight-thousanders</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Highest_points_of_Asia254" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Noshaq" title="Noshaq">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Aragats" title="Mount Aragats">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Bazard%C3%BCz%C3%BC" title="Mount Bazardüzü">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_of_Smoke" title="Mountain of Smoke">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saka_Haphong" title="Saka Haphong">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangkhar_Puensum" title="Gangkhar Puensum">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagon_Hill" title="Pagon Hill">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phnom_Aural" title="Phnom Aural">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Olympus_(Cyprus)" title="Mount Olympus (Cyprus)">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatamailau" title="Tatamailau">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Catherine" title="Mount Catherine">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shkhara" title="Shkhara">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangchenjunga" title="Kangchenjunga">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puncak_Jaya" title="Puncak Jaya">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Damavand" title="Mount Damavand">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheekha_Dar" title="Cheekha Dar">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Meron" title="Mount Meron">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Fuji" title="Mount Fuji">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabal_Umm_ad_Dami" title="Jabal Umm ad Dami">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_Tengri" title="Khan Tengri">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paektu_Mountain" title="Paektu Mountain">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallasan" title="Hallasan">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait_high_point" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuwait high point">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jengish_Chokusu" title="Jengish Chokusu">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phou_Bia" title="Phou Bia">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qurnat_as_Sawda%27" title="Qurnat as Sawda'">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Kinabalu" title="Mount Kinabalu">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Villingili" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Villingili">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kh%C3%BCiten_Peak" title="Khüiten Peak">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hkakabo_Razi" title="Hkakabo Razi">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jebel_Shams" title="Jebel Shams">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K2" title="K2">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Apo" title="Mount Apo">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qurayn_Abu_al_Bawl" title="Qurayn Abu al Bawl">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klyuchevskaya_Sopka" title="Klyuchevskaya Sopka">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabal_Soudah" title="Jabal Soudah">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukit_Timah_Hill" title="Bukit Timah Hill">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pidurutalagala" title="Pidurutalagala">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Hermon" title="Mount Hermon">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismoil_Somoni_Peak" title="Ismoil Somoni Peak">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doi_Inthanon" title="Doi Inthanon">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Ararat" title="Mount Ararat">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayribobo" title="Ayribobo">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jebel_Jais" title="Jebel Jais">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpomish" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpomish">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fansipan" title="Fansipan">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabal_An-Nabi_Shu%27ayb" title="Jabal An-Nabi Shu'ayb">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dombay-Ulgen" title="Dombay-Ulgen">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Selvili" title="Mount Selvili">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Nabi_Yunis,_Palestine" title="Mount Nabi Yunis, Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Khalatsa" title="Mount Khalatsa">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yu_Shan" title="Yu Shan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diego_Garcia" title="Diego Garcia">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Hill,_Christmas_Island" title="Murray Hill, Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Island,_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="South Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Mo_Shan" title="Tai Mo Shan">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alto_de_Coloane" title="Alto de Coloane">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Himalayas395" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Himalayas" title="Template:Himalayas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Himalayas" title="Template talk:Himalayas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Himalayas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Himalayas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Himalayas395" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayas</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Himalayan_states" title="Himalayan states">Countries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sub-ranges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Himalayas" title="Great Himalayas">Great Himalayas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Himalayan_Range" title="Lower Himalayan Range">Lesser Himalayas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sivalik_Hills" title="Sivalik Hills">Sivalik Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Himalayas" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibetan Himalayas">Tibetan Himalayas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_the_Himalayas" title="Geology of the Himalayas">Geology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_plate" title="Indian plate">Indian plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_plate" title="Eurasian plate">Eurasian plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Main_Boundary_Thrust" title="Main Boundary Thrust">Main Boundary Thrust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Main_Frontal_Thrust" title="Main Frontal Thrust">Main Frontal Thrust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Main_Himalayan_Thrust" title="Main Himalayan Thrust">Main Himalayan Thrust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Main_Central_Thrust" title="Main Central Thrust">Main Central Thrust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Tibetan_Detachment" title="South Tibetan Detachment">South Tibetan Detachment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tethys_Ocean" title="Tethys Ocean">Tethys Ocean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Mountain_ranges_of_the_Himalayas" title="Category:Mountain ranges of the Himalayas">Mountains</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Himalayas" title="Eastern Himalayas">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assam_Himalaya" title="Assam Himalaya">Assam Himalaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Mountains_(Bhutan)" title="Black Mountains (Bhutan)">Black Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dundwa_Range" title="Dundwa Range">Dundwa Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganesh_Himal" title="Ganesh Himal">Ganesh Himal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurans_Himal" title="Gurans Himal">Gurans Himal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahalangur_Himal" title="Mahalangur Himal">Mahalangur Himal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mishmi_Hills" title="Mishmi Hills">Mishmi Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalakankar_Himal" title="Nalakankar Himal">Nalakankar Himal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Himalayas" title="Western Himalayas">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhauladhar" title="Dhauladhar">Dhauladhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dudhatoli" title="Dudhatoli">Dudhatoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garhwal_Range" class="mw-redirect" title="Garhwal Range">Garhwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kishtwar_Himalaya" title="Kishtwar Himalaya">Kishtwar Himalaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumaon_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumaon region">Kumaon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margalla_Hills" title="Margalla Hills">Margalla Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladakh_Range" title="Ladakh Range">Ladakh Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pir_Panjal" class="mw-redirect" title="Pir Panjal">Pir Panjal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanskar_Range" title="Zanskar Range">Zanskar Range</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arakan_Yoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Arakan Yoma">Arakan Yoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garo_Hills" title="Garo Hills">Garo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Kush" title="Hindu Kush">Hindu Kush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakoram" title="Karakoram">Karakoram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaintia_Hills" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaintia Hills">Jaintia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khasi_Hills" title="Khasi Hills">Khasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lushai_Hills" title="Lushai Hills">Lushai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naga_Hills" title="Naga Hills">Naga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purvanchal_Range" title="Purvanchal Range">Purvanchal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transhimalaya" title="Transhimalaya">Transhimalaya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Himalayan_peaks_and_passes" title="List of Himalayan peaks and passes">Peaks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eight-thousander" title="Eight-thousander">Eight-thousander</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annapurna_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Annapurna I">Annapurna I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cho_Oyu" title="Cho Oyu">Cho Oyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhaulagiri_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhaulagiri I">Dhaulagiri I</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Everest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanchenjunga" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanchenjunga">Kanchenjunga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lhotse" title="Lhotse">Lhotse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makalu" title="Makalu">Makalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manaslu" title="Manaslu">Manaslu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanga_Parbat" title="Nanga Parbat">Nanga Parbat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shishapangma" title="Shishapangma">Shishapangma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ultras_of_the_Himalayas" title="List of ultras of the Himalayas">Ultras</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ama_Dablam" title="Ama Dablam">Ama Dablam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandarpunch" title="Bandarpunch">Bandarpunch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorje_Lakpa" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorje Lakpa">Dorje Lakpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangkhar_Puensum" title="Gangkhar Puensum">Gangkhar Puensum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurla_Mandhata" title="Gurla Mandhata">Gurla Mandhata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyachung_Kang" title="Gyachung Kang">Gyachung Kang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyala_Peri" title="Gyala Peri">Gyala Peri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jomolhari" title="Jomolhari">Jomolhari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamet" title="Kamet">Kamet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangtega" title="Kangtega">Kangtega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangto" title="Kangto">Kangto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedarnath_(mountain)" title="Kedarnath (mountain)">Kedarnath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kula_Kangri" title="Kula Kangri">Kula Kangri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labuche_Kang" title="Labuche Kang">Labuche Kang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langtang_Lirung" title="Langtang Lirung">Langtang Lirung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machapuchare" title="Machapuchare">Machapuchare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mana_Peak" title="Mana Peak">Mana Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namcha_Barwa" title="Namcha Barwa">Namcha Barwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanda_Devi" title="Nanda Devi">Nanda Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noijin_Kangsang" title="Noijin Kangsang">Noijin Kangsang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuptse" title="Nuptse">Nuptse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongshanjiabu" title="Tongshanjiabu">Tongshanjiabu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangra" title="Yangra">Yangra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Himalayan_peaks_and_passes" title="List of Himalayan peaks and passes">Passes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banihal_Pass" title="Banihal Pass">Banihal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bara-lacha_la" title="Bara-lacha la">Bara-lacha la</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changla_Pass" class="mw-redirect" title="Changla Pass">Changla Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jelep_La" title="Jelep La">Jelep La</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khardung_La" title="Khardung La">Khardung La</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kora_La" class="mw-redirect" title="Kora La">Kora La</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunzum_Pass" title="Kunzum Pass">Kunzum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipulekh_Pass" title="Lipulekh Pass">Lipulekh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mana_Pass" title="Mana Pass">Mana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohan_Pass" title="Mohan Pass">Mohan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathu_La" title="Nathu La">Nathu La</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohtang_Pass" title="Rohtang Pass">Rohtang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sela_Pass" title="Sela Pass">Sela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipki_La" title="Shipki La">Shipki La</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorong_La" title="Thorong La">Thorong La</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umling_La" title="Umling La">Umling La</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoji_La" title="Zoji La">Zoji La</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Valleys</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Darma_Valley" title="Darma Valley">Darma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doon_Valley" title="Doon Valley">Doon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunza_Valley" title="Hunza Valley">Hunza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangra_Valley" title="Kangra Valley">Kangra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_Valley" title="Kashmir Valley">Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathmandu_Valley" title="Kathmandu Valley">Kathmandu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kullu_Valley" title="Kullu Valley">Kullu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pokhara_Valley" title="Pokhara Valley">Pokhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolwaling_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Rolwaling Valley">Rolwaling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Glaciers_of_the_Himalayas" title="Category:Glaciers of the Himalayas">Glaciers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambulapcha_Glacier" title="Ambulapcha Glacier">Ambulapcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angsi_Glacier" title="Angsi Glacier">Angsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bara_Shigri_Glacier" title="Bara Shigri Glacier">Bara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhota_Shigri" title="Chhota Shigri">Chhota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chumik_Glacier" title="Chumik Glacier">Chumik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakshini_Nanda_Devi_Glacier" title="Dakshini Nanda Devi Glacier">Dakshini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drang-Drung_Glacier" title="Drang-Drung Glacier">Drang-Drung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangotri_Glacier" title="Gangotri Glacier">Gangotri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gomukh" title="Gomukh">Gomukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunku_Glacier" title="Hunku Glacier">Hunku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imja_Glacier" title="Imja Glacier">Imja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafni_Glacier" title="Kafni Glacier">Kafni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalabaland_Glacier" title="Kalabaland Glacier">Kalabaland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangshung_Glacier" title="Kangshung Glacier">Kangshung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedarnath_Glacier" title="Kedarnath Glacier">Kedarnath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khatling_Glacier" title="Khatling Glacier">Khatling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khumbu_Glacier" title="Khumbu Glacier">Khumbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khumbu_Icefall" title="Khumbu Icefall">Khumbu Icefall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langtang_Glacier" title="Langtang Glacier">Langtang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lhotse_Shar_Glacier" title="Lhotse Shar Glacier">Lhotse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lonak_Glacier" title="Lonak Glacier">Lonak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machoi_Glacier" title="Machoi Glacier">Machoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meola_Glacier" title="Meola Glacier">Meola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milam_Glacier" title="Milam Glacier">Milam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namik_Glacier" title="Namik Glacier">Namik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanda_Devi_Glacier" title="Nanda Devi Glacier">Nanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nangpai_Gosum_Glacier" title="Nangpai Gosum Glacier">Nangpai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngozumpa_glacier" title="Ngozumpa glacier">Ngozumpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nupchu_Glacier" title="Nupchu Glacier">Nupchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchchuli_Glacier" title="Panchchuli Glacier">Panchchuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pindari_Glacier" title="Pindari Glacier">Pindari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralam_Glacier" title="Ralam Glacier">Ralam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rathong_Glacier" title="Rathong Glacier">Rathong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rongbuk_Glacier" title="Rongbuk Glacier">Rongbuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satopanth_Glacier" title="Satopanth Glacier">Satopanth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shafat_Glacier" title="Shafat Glacier">Shafat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siachen_Glacier" title="Siachen Glacier">Siachen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sona_Glacier" title="Sona Glacier">Sona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teesta_Khangtse_Glacier" title="Teesta Khangtse Glacier">Teesta Khangtse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thulagi_glacier" title="Thulagi glacier">Thulagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamatari_Glacier" title="Yamatari Glacier">Yamatari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamunotri" title="Yamunotri">Yamunotri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zemu_Glacier" title="Zemu Glacier">Zemu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rivers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indus_River" title="Indus River">Indus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beas_River" title="Beas River">Beas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baspa_River" title="Baspa River">Baspa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parvati_River_(Himachal_Pradesh)" title="Parvati River (Himachal Pradesh)">Parvati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiti_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Spiti River">Spiti</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenab_River" title="Chenab River">Chenab</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marusudar_River" title="Marusudar River">Marusudar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawi_River" title="Tawi River">Tawi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jhelum_River" title="Jhelum River">Jhelum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lidder_River" title="Lidder River">Lidder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neelum_River" title="Neelum River">Neelum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poonch_River" title="Poonch River">Poonch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sind_River" title="Sind River">Sind</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravi_River" title="Ravi River">Ravi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shyok_River" title="Shyok River">Shyok</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nubra_River" title="Nubra River">Nubra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suru_River_(Indus)" title="Suru River (Indus)">Suru</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dras_River" title="Dras River">Dras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shingo_River" title="Shingo River">Shingo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutlej" title="Sutlej">Sutlej</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yapola_River" title="Yapola River">Yapola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanskar_River" title="Zanskar River">Zanskar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Markha_River_(India)" title="Markha River (India)">Markha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsarap_River" title="Tsarap River">Tsarap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doda_River" title="Doda River">Doda</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Brahmaputra" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmaputra">Brahmaputra</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beki_River" title="Beki River">Beki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dibang_River" title="Dibang River">Dibang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dihing_River" title="Dihing River">Dihing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kameng_River" title="Kameng River">Kameng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolong_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolong River">Kolong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lohit_River" title="Lohit River">Lohit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manas_River" title="Manas River">Manas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid%C4%81k_River" title="Raidāk River">Raidak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sankosh_River" title="Sankosh River">Sankosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subansiri_River" title="Subansiri River">Subansiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teesta_River" title="Teesta River">Teesta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ganges" title="Ganges">Ganges</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alaknanda_River" title="Alaknanda River">Alaknanda</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mandakini_River" title="Mandakini River">Mandakini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pindar_River" title="Pindar River">Pindar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nandakini" title="Nandakini">Nandakini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhauliganga_River" title="Dhauliganga River">Dhauliganga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rishiganga" title="Rishiganga">Rishiganga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagmati_River" title="Bagmati River">Bagmati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagirathi_River" title="Bhagirathi River">Bhagirathi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhilangna_River" title="Bhilangna River">Bhilangna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jahnavi_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Jahnavi River">Jahanavi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandaki_River" title="Gandaki River">Gandaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghaghara" title="Ghaghara">Ghaghara</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gori_Ganga" title="Gori Ganga">Gori Ganga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohni_River" title="Rohni River">Rohni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarju" title="Sarju">Sarju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharda_River" title="Sharda River">Sharda</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gomti_River" title="Gomti River">Gomti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosi_River" title="Kosi River">Kosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramganga" title="Ramganga">Ramganga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamuna" title="Yamuna">Yamuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lakes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anchar_Lake" title="Anchar Lake">Anchar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhimtal_Lake" title="Bhimtal Lake">Bhimtal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhrigu_Lake" title="Bhrigu Lake">Bhrigu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhullatal" title="Bhullatal">Bhullatal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brari_Nambal" title="Brari Nambal">Brari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chander_Naun" title="Chander Naun">Chander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandra_Taal" title="Chandra Taal">Chandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dal_Lake" title="Dal Lake">Dal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dashair_Lake" title="Dashair Lake">Dashair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehnasar_Lake" title="Dehnasar Lake">Dehnasar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deoria_Tal" title="Deoria Tal">Deoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhankar_Lake" title="Dhankar Lake">Dhankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodital" title="Dodital">Dodital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadsar_Lake" title="Gadsar Lake">Gadsar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangabal_Lake" title="Gangabal Lake">Gangabal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangapurna_Lake" title="Gangapurna Lake">Gangapurna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghadhasaru_Lake" title="Ghadhasaru Lake">Ghadhasaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gil_Sar" title="Gil Sar">Gil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gokyo_Lakes" title="Gokyo Lakes">Gokyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurudongmar_Lake" title="Gurudongmar Lake">Gurudongmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hokersar" title="Hokersar">Hokersar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homkund" title="Homkund">Homkund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imja_Tsho" title="Imja Tsho">Imja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamrunag_Lake" title="Kamrunag Lake">Kamrunag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kareri_Lake" title="Kareri Lake">Kareri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kausar_Nag" title="Kausar Nag">Kausar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedartal" title="Kedartal">Kedartal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khajjiar_Lake" title="Khajjiar Lake">Khajjiar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanpursar" title="Khanpursar">Khanpursar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khushal_Sar" title="Khushal Sar">Khushal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishansar_Lake" title="Krishansar Lake">Krishansar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Menmecho" title="Lake Menmecho">Menmecho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lama_Dal" title="Lama Dal">Lama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macchial_Lake" title="Macchial Lake">Macchial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahakali_Lake" title="Mahakali Lake">Mahakali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manasbal_Lake" title="Manasbal Lake">Manasbal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manimahesh_Lake" title="Manimahesh Lake">Manimahesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansar_Lake" title="Mansar Lake">Mansar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsar_Lake" title="Marsar Lake">Marsar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nainital_Lake" title="Nainital Lake">Nainital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nako_Lake" title="Nako Lake">Nako</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nandan_Sar_Lake" title="Nandan Sar Lake">Nandan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narayanbagh_Lake" title="Narayanbagh Lake">Narayanbagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naukuchiatal" title="Naukuchiatal">Naukuchiatal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeen_Lake" title="Nigeen Lake">Nigeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilnag_Lake" title="Nilnag Lake">Nilnag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nundkol_Lake" title="Nundkol Lake">Nundkol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandoh_Lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Pandoh Lake">Pandoh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangong_Lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Pangong Lake">Pangong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannatal" title="Pannatal">Panna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoksundo_Lake" title="Phoksundo Lake">Phoksundo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prashar_Lake" title="Prashar Lake">Prashar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rara_Lake" title="Rara Lake">Rara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renuka_Lake" title="Renuka Lake">Renuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rewalsar_Lake" title="Rewalsar Lake">Rewalsar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roopkund" title="Roopkund">Roopkund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rukmani_Kund" title="Rukmani Kund">Rukmani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samiti_Lake" title="Samiti Lake">Samiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satopanth_Tal" title="Satopanth Tal">Satopanth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satsar_Lake" title="Satsar Lake">Satsar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sattal" title="Sattal">Sattal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seruvalsar_Lake" title="Seruvalsar Lake">Seruvalsar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheshnag_Lake" title="Sheshnag Lake">Sheshnag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Lhonak_Lake" title="South Lhonak Lake">South Lhonak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suraj_Tal" title="Suraj Tal">Suraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surinsar_Lake" title="Surinsar Lake">Surinsar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarsar_Lake" title="Tarsar Lake">Tarsar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilicho_Lake" title="Tilicho Lake">Tilicho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsho_Rolpa" title="Tsho Rolpa">Tsho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tso_Kar" title="Tso Kar">Tso Kar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tso_Lhamo_Lake" title="Tso Lhamo Lake">Tso Lhamo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tso_Moriri" title="Tso Moriri">Tso Moriri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsomgo_Lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsomgo Lake">Tsomgo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulian_lake" title="Tulian lake">Tulian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishansar_Lake" title="Vishansar Lake">Vishansar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waskura_Lake" title="Waskura Lake">Waskura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wular_Lake" title="Wular Lake">Wular</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ecology_of_the_Himalayas" title="Ecology of the Himalayas">Ecoregions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Himalayan_alpine_shrub_and_meadows" title="Eastern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows">Eastern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Himalayan_subalpine_conifer_forests" title="Eastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests">Eastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Himalayan_broadleaf_forests" title="Eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests">Eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himalayan_subtropical_broadleaf_forests" title="Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests">Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himalayan_subtropical_pine_forests" title="Himalayan subtropical pine forests">Himalayan subtropical pine forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Himalayan_alpine_shrub_and_meadows" title="Western Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows">Western Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Himalayan_broadleaf_forests" title="Western Himalayan broadleaf forests">Western Himalayan broadleaf forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Himalayan_subalpine_conifer_forests" title="Western Himalayan subalpine conifer forests">Western Himalayan subalpine conifer forests</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Towns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Darjeeling" title="Darjeeling">Darjeeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehradun" title="Dehradun">Dehradun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharamshala" title="Dharamshala">Dharamshala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathmandu" title="Kathmandu">Kathmandu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kullu" title="Kullu">Kullu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manali,_Himachal_Pradesh" title="Manali, Himachal Pradesh">Manali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mussoorie" title="Mussoorie">Mussoorie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nainital" title="Nainital">Nainital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paro,_Bhutan" title="Paro, Bhutan">Paro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimla" title="Shimla">Shimla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srinagar" title="Srinagar">Srinagar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Road</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arniko_Highway" class="mw-redirect" title="Arniko Highway">Arniko Highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East-West_Highway" class="mw-redirect" title="East-West Highway">East-West Highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindustan-Tibet_Road" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindustan-Tibet Road">Hindustan-Tibet Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu%E2%80%93Srinagar_National_Highway" title="Jammu–Srinagar National Highway">Jammu–Srinagar Highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakoram_Highway" title="Karakoram Highway">Karakoram Highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathmandu%E2%80%93Terai_Expressway" title="Kathmandu–Terai Expressway">Kathmandu–Terai Expressway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manali-Leh_Highway" class="mw-redirect" title="Manali-Leh Highway">Manali-Leh Highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimmu%E2%80%93Padum%E2%80%93Darcha_road" title="Nimmu–Padum–Darcha road">Nimmu–Padum–Darcha road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Path_of_the_Mani" title="Path of the Mani">Path of the Mani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Highway_1_(India)" title="National Highway 1 (India)">Srinagar-Leh highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribhuvan_Highway" title="Tribhuvan Highway">Tribhuvan Highway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rail</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Darjeeling_Himalayan_Railway" title="Darjeeling Himalayan Railway">Darjeeling Himalayan Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu%E2%80%93Baramulla_line" title="Jammu–Baramulla line">Jammu–Baramulla line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalka-Shimla_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalka-Shimla Railway">Kalka-Shimla Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangra_Valley_Railway" title="Kangra Valley Railway">Kangra Valley Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raxaul" title="Raxaul">Raxaul</a>–<a href="/wiki/Amlekhganj" title="Amlekhganj">Amlekhganj</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Air</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinyalisaur_Airport" title="Chinyalisaur Airport">Chinyalisaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daporijo_Airport" title="Daporijo Airport">Daporijo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daulat_Beg_Oldi" title="Daulat Beg Oldi">Daulat Beg Oldi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehradun_Airport" title="Dehradun Airport">Dehradun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathmandu_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Kathmandu Airport">Kathmandu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kullu_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Kullu Airport">Kullu-Manali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leh_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Leh Airport">Leh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenzing-Hillary_Airport" title="Tenzing-Hillary Airport">Lukla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakyong_Airport" title="Pakyong Airport">Pakyong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paro_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Paro Airport">Paro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pithoragarh_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Pithoragarh Airport">Pithoragarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimla_Airport" title="Shimla Airport">Shimla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srinagar_Airport" title="Srinagar Airport">Srinagar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mountaineering</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Himalaya_Trail" title="Great Himalaya Trail">Great Himalaya Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himalayan_Mountaineering_Institute" title="Himalayan Mountaineering Institute">Himalayan Mountaineering Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mountaineering_expeditions_to_the_Himalayas" title="Category:Mountaineering expeditions to the Himalayas">Mountaineering expeditions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snowman_Trek" title="Snowman Trek">Snowman Trek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trekking_peak" title="Trekking peak">Trekking peak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aka_people" title="Aka people">Aka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apatani_people" title="Apatani people">Apatani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balti_people" title="Balti people">Balti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutia" title="Bhutia">Bhutia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dard_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Dard people">Dard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaddi_language" title="Gaddi language">Gaddi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galo_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Galo tribe">Abor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujjar" class="mw-redirect" title="Gujjar">Gujjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurung" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurung">Gurung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hill_Miri_people" title="Hill Miri people">Miri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanet" title="Kanet">Kanet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Kashmiri people">Kashmiri people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khamti_people" title="Khamti people">Khamti people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khowa_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Khowa people">Khowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirat" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirat">Kirat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladakhi_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Ladakhi people">Ladakhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepcha_people" title="Lepcha people">Lepcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magar_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Magar people">Magar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mishmi_people" title="Mishmi people">Mishmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newar" class="mw-redirect" title="Newar">Newar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyishi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nyishi">Dafla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahari_people_(Nepal)" title="Pahari people (Nepal)">Pahari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherpa_people" title="Sherpa people">Sherpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singpho_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Singpho people">Singpho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamang_people" title="Tamang people">Tamang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alchi_Gompa" class="mw-redirect" title="Alchi Gompa">Alchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amarnath_Temple" title="Amarnath Temple">Amarnath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chagri_Monastery" title="Chagri Monastery">Changri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chota_Char_Dham" title="Chota Char Dham">Chota Char Dham</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Badrinath" title="Badrinath">Badrinath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangotri" title="Gangotri">Gangotri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedarnath" title="Kedarnath">Kedarnath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamunotri" title="Yamunotri">Yamunotri</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmukh" title="Harmukh">Harmukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemis_Monastery" title="Hemis Monastery">Hemis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himavat" title="Himavat">Himavat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kardang_Monastery" title="Kardang Monastery">Kardang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Key_Monastery" title="Key Monastery">Key</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muktinath" title="Muktinath">Muktinath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paro_Taktsang" title="Paro Taktsang">Paro Taktsang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashupatinath_Temple" title="Pashupatinath Temple">Pashupatinath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spituk_Monastery" title="Spituk Monastery">Spituk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thikse_Monastery" title="Thikse Monastery">Thikse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Himalayan_Database" title="The Himalayan Database">Himalayan Database</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himalayan_Rim" title="Himalayan Rim">Himalayan Rim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Himalayan_Region" title="Indian Himalayan Region">Indian Himalayas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Centre_for_Integrated_Mountain_Development" title="International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development">International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Works_about_the_Himalayas" title="Category:Works about the Himalayas">Works about the Himalayas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mount_Everest352" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mount_Everest" title="Template:Mount Everest"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mount_Everest" title="Template talk:Mount Everest"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mount_Everest" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mount Everest"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mount_Everest352" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mount Everest</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topography and landmarks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Everest_base_camps" title="Everest base camps">Base Camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_Spur" title="Geneva Spur">Geneva Spur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Step" title="Hillary Step">Hillary Step</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hornbein_Couloir" title="Hornbein Couloir">Hornbein Couloir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangshung_Face" title="Kangshung Face">Kangshung Face</a> (East Face)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangshung_Glacier" title="Kangshung Glacier">Kangshung Glacier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khumbu_Glacier" title="Khumbu Glacier">Khumbu Glacier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khumbu_Icefall" title="Khumbu Icefall">Khumbu Icefall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lhakpa_La" class="mw-redirect" title="Lhakpa La">Lhakpa La</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lho_La" title="Lho La">Lho La</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Col" title="North Col">North Col</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Face_(Everest)" title="North Face (Everest)">North Face</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norton_Couloir" title="Norton Couloir">Norton Couloir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rongbuk_Glacier" title="Rongbuk Glacier">Rongbuk Glacier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Col" title="South Col">South Col</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Summit_(Everest)" class="mw-redirect" title="South Summit (Everest)">South Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Pinnacles" title="Three Pinnacles">Three Pinnacles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Steps" title="Three Steps">Three Steps</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Green_Boots" title="Green Boots">Green Boots cave</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Cwm" title="Western Cwm">Western Cwm</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Everest_kalapatthar_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Everest_kalapatthar_crop.jpg/75px-Everest_kalapatthar_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Everest_kalapatthar_crop.jpg/113px-Everest_kalapatthar_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Everest_kalapatthar_crop.jpg/150px-Everest_kalapatthar_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2299" data-file-height="2811" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mount_Everest_expeditions" title="List of Mount Everest expeditions">Expeditions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1921_British_Mount_Everest_reconnaissance_expedition" title="1921 British Mount Everest reconnaissance expedition">1921 British reconnaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1922_British_Mount_Everest_expedition" title="1922 British Mount Everest expedition">1922 British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_British_Mount_Everest_expedition" title="1924 British Mount Everest expedition">1924 British</a> (<a href="/wiki/Affair_of_the_Dancing_Lamas" title="Affair of the Dancing Lamas">Affair of the Dancing Lamas</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston%E2%80%93Mount_Everest_flight_expedition" title="Houston–Mount Everest flight expedition">1933 British aerial reconnaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1933_British_Mount_Everest_expedition" title="1933 British Mount Everest expedition">1933 British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1935_British_Mount_Everest_reconnaissance_expedition" title="1935 British Mount Everest reconnaissance expedition">1935 British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_British_Mount_Everest_expedition" title="1936 British Mount Everest expedition">1936 British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_British_Mount_Everest_expedition" title="1938 British Mount Everest expedition">1938 British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Everest_reconnaissance_from_Nepal" title="Mount Everest reconnaissance from Nepal">1950–52 British–Swiss–US reconnaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1951_British_Mount_Everest_reconnaissance_expedition" title="1951 British Mount Everest reconnaissance expedition">1951 British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Swiss_Mount_Everest_expedition" title="1952 Swiss Mount Everest expedition">1952 Swiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_British_Mount_Everest_expedition" title="1953 British Mount Everest expedition">1953 British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Chinese_Mount_Everest_expedition" title="1960 Chinese Mount Everest expedition">1960 Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_American_Mount_Everest_expedition" title="1963 American Mount Everest expedition">1963 American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_British_Mount_Everest_Southwest_Face_expedition" title="1975 British Mount Everest Southwest Face expedition">1975 British SW Face</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_British_and_Nepalese_Army_Expedition_to_Everest" title="1976 British and Nepalese Army Expedition to Everest">1976 British–Nepalese SW Face</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Yugoslav_Mount_Everest_expedition" title="1979 Yugoslav Mount Everest expedition">1979 Yugoslav West Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Indo-Tibetan_Border_Police_expedition_to_Mount_Everest" title="1996 Indo-Tibetan Border Police expedition to Mount Everest">1996 Indo-Tibetan Border Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Philippine_Mount_Everest_expedition" title="2006 Philippine Mount Everest expedition">2006 Philippine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Altitude_Everest_expedition" title="2007 Altitude Everest expedition">2007 Altitude Everest expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_Day_20_International_Peace_Climb" title="Earth Day 20 International Peace Climb">Earth Day 20 International Peace Climb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mallory_and_Irvine_Research_Expedition" title="Mallory and Irvine Research Expedition">Mallory and Irvine Research Expedition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_who_died_climbing_Mount_Everest" title="List of people who died climbing Mount Everest">fatalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francys_Arsentiev" title="Francys Arsentiev">Francys Arsentiev (Sleeping Beauty)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Boardman" title="Peter Boardman">Peter Boardman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Boots" title="Green Boots">Green Boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandy_Irvine" class="mw-redirect" title="Sandy Irvine">Sandy Irvine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Mallory" title="George Mallory">George Mallory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannelore_Schmatz" title="Hannelore Schmatz">Hannelore Schmatz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Sharp_(mountaineer)" title="David Sharp (mountaineer)">David Sharp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Tasker" title="Joe Tasker">Joe Tasker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Committees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Himalayan_Committee" title="Joint Himalayan Committee">Joint Himalayan Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Everest_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Everest Committee">Mount Everest Committee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_media_related_to_Mount_Everest" class="mw-redirect" title="List of media related to Mount Everest">In media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beyond_the_Edge_(2013_film)" title="Beyond the Edge (2013 film)">Beyond the Edge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Climb_(book)" title="The Climb (book)">The Climb (book)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Climb_(2007_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Climb (2007 film)">The Climb (2007 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Epic_of_Everest" title="The Epic of Everest">The Epic of Everest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everest_(1998_film)" title="Everest (1998 film)">Everest (1998 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everest_(2015_film)" title="Everest (2015 film)">Everest (2015 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everest_(Indian_TV_series)" title="Everest (Indian TV series)">Everest (Indian TV series)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everest_%2782" title="Everest '82">Everest '82</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everest:_Beyond_the_Limit" title="Everest: Beyond the Limit">Everest: Beyond the Limit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EverestMax" title="EverestMax">EverestMax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expedition_Everest" title="Expedition Everest">Expedition Everest (roller coaster)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Into_Thin_Air" title="Into Thin Air">Into Thin Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Man_Who_Skied_Down_Everest" title="The Man Who Skied Down Everest">The Man Who Skied Down Everest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Everest_webcam" title="Mount Everest webcam">Mount Everest webcam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paths_of_Glory_(Archer_novel)" title="Paths of Glory (Archer novel)">Paths of Glory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peak_(novel)" title="Peak (novel)">Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Conquest_of_Everest" title="The Conquest of Everest">The Conquest of Everest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Wildest_Dream" title="The Wildest Dream">The Wildest Dream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wings_Over_Everest" title="Wings Over Everest">Wings Over Everest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Mount_Everest_expeditions" title="Timeline of Mount Everest expeditions">Years</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1970_Mount_Everest_disaster" title="1970 Mount Everest disaster">1970 disaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_French_Mount_Everest_expedition" title="1974 French Mount Everest expedition">1974 avalanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Czechoslovak_-_New_Zealand_Mount_Everest_Southwest_Face_Expedition" title="1988 Czechoslovak - New Zealand Mount Everest Southwest Face Expedition">1988 disaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Mount_Everest_disaster" title="1996 Mount Everest disaster">1996 disaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Everest_in_2012" title="Mount Everest in 2012">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Everest_in_2013" title="Mount Everest in 2013">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Mount_Everest_ice_avalanche" title="2014 Mount Everest ice avalanche">2014 avalanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Mount_Everest_avalanches" title="2015 Mount Everest avalanches">2015 avalanches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Everest_in_2016" title="Mount Everest in 2016">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Everest_in_2017" title="Mount Everest in 2017">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Everest_in_2018" title="Mount Everest in 2018">2018</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mount Everest massif</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khumbutse" title="Khumbutse">Khumbutse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lhotse" title="Lhotse">Lhotse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingtren" title="Lingtren">Lingtren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuptse" title="Nuptse">Nuptse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumori" title="Pumori">Pumori</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mount_Everest_records" title="List of Mount Everest records">Records</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mount_Everest_summiters_by_number_of_times_to_the_summit" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Mount Everest summiters by number of times to the summit">Times to the summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_20th-century_summiters_of_Mount_Everest" title="List of 20th-century summiters of Mount Everest">20th-century summiters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mountain_guide" title="Mountain guide">Mountain guides</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mount_Everest_guides" title="List of Mount Everest guides">List of Mount Everest guides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherpa_people" title="Sherpa people">Sherpas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sacred_Mountains_of_China302" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#f8e0e0;;background: #EE1C25;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sacred_Mountains_of_China" title="Template:Sacred Mountains of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sacred_Mountains_of_China" title="Template talk:Sacred Mountains of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sacred_Mountains_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sacred Mountains of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sacred_Mountains_of_China302" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Mountains_of_China" title="Sacred Mountains of China">Sacred Mountains of China</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#f8e0e0;;width:1%">Five Great Mountains</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Tai" title="Mount Tai">Tai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Hua" title="Mount Hua">Hua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Heng_(Hunan)" title="Mount Heng (Hunan)">Heng (Hunan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Heng_(Shanxi)" title="Mount Heng (Shanxi)">Heng (Shanxi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Song" title="Mount Song">Song</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#f8e0e0;;width:1%">Four Sacred Chinese Buddhist Mountains</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Emei" title="Mount Emei">Emei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Jiuhua" title="Mount Jiuhua">Jiuhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Putuo" title="Mount Putuo">Putuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Wutai" title="Mount Wutai">Wutai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#f8e0e0;;width:1%">Four Sacred Tibetan Buddhist Mountains</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kawagarbo" title="Kawagarbo">Kawagarbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amne_Machin" title="Amne Machin">Amne Machin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Kailash" title="Mount Kailash">Rinpoche (Kailash)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghado_Jobo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ghado Jobo (page does not exist)">Ghado Jobo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#f8e0e0;;width:1%">Four Sacred Taoist Mountains</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wudang_Mountains" title="Wudang Mountains">Wudang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Longhu" title="Mount Longhu">Longhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Qiyun" title="Mount Qiyun">Qiyun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Qingcheng" title="Mount Qingcheng">Qingcheng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#f8e0e0;;width:1%">Three Sacred Mountains</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tian_Shan" title="Tian Shan">Tian Shan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paektu_Mountain" title="Paektu Mountain">Changbai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunlun_Mountains" title="Kunlun Mountains">Kunlun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#f8e0e0;;width:1%">Three Famous Mountains</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huangshan" title="Huangshan">Huang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Lu" title="Mount Lu">Lushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yandang_Mountains" title="Yandang Mountains">Yandang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#f8e0e0;;width:1%">Five Garrison Mountains</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Yi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Yi">Yi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mount_Wu_(Shaanxi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mount Wu (Shaanxi) (page does not exist)">Wu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Xianglu" title="Mount Xianglu">Kuaiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiwul%C3%BC_Mountain" title="Yiwulü Mountain">Yiwulü</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mount_Huo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mount Huo (page does not exist)">Huo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#f8e0e0;;width:1%">Other Sacred Mountains</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Lao" title="Mount Lao">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongnan_Mountains" title="Zhongnan Mountains">Zhongnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Gongga" title="Mount Gongga">Gongga</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Qomolangma (Everest)</a></li> <li>Three Holy Peaks of <a href="/wiki/Yading" title="Yading">Nyidên, Dabba (Yading)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Seven_Summits78" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Seven_Summits" title="Template:Seven Summits"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Seven_Summits" title="Template talk:Seven Summits"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Seven_Summits" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Seven Summits"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Seven_Summits78" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Seven_Summits" title="Seven Summits">Seven Summits</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mount Everest</a> (8,848 m or 29,029 ft)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aconcagua" title="Aconcagua">Aconcagua</a> (6,962 m or 22,841 ft)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denali" title="Denali">Denali</a> (6,198 m or 20,335 ft)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Kilimanjaro" title="Mount Kilimanjaro">Mount Kilimanjaro</a> (5,893 m or 19,334 ft)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greater_Caucasus#Watershed" title="Greater Caucasus">Conventional</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Elbrus" title="Mount Elbrus">Mount Elbrus</a> (5,642 m or 18,510 ft)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kuma%E2%80%93Manych_Depression" title="Kuma–Manych Depression">Alternative</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mont_Blanc" title="Mont Blanc">Mont Blanc</a> (4,810 m or 15,781 ft)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antarctica</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vinson_Massif" title="Vinson Massif">Vinson Massif</a> (4,892 m or 16,050 ft)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Australia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Australia_(continent)" title="Australia (continent)">Continent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Puncak_Jaya" title="Puncak Jaya">Puncak Jaya</a> (4,884 m or 16,024 ft)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_geoscheme_for_Oceania" title="United Nations geoscheme for Oceania">Political</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Wilhelm" title="Mount Wilhelm">Mount Wilhelm</a> (4,509 m or 14,793 ft)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Australia" title="Mainland Australia">Mainland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Kosciuszko" title="Mount Kosciuszko">Mount Kosciuszko</a> (2,228 m or 7,310 ft)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q513#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2664" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q513#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2664" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q513#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/304910632">VIAF</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/315149524">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1333948/">FAST</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4040417-1">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85045978">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15289744k">France</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11963711d">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15289744k">BnF data</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11963711d">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00628288">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge128521&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX451838">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000604412&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=58027">Greece</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KSH1998036955">Korea</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/rp35400920gsz51">Sweden</a></li><li><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=497/4190">Vatican</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007560299005171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/02763857X">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10038395">NARA</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=24008">Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" 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</div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-65b64b4b74-hwmgd","wgBackendResponseTime":171,"wgKartographerLiveData":{"_03e037fd78270aa8fddaaf06ffad6324b9a92057":[{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[86.92527777777778,27.988333333333333],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"#5E74F3","title":"Mount Everest","marker-symbol":"mountain"}}]},"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"6.733","walltime":"7.488","ppvisitednodes":{"value":93549,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":1852412,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":542500,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":32,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":43,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":1490676,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":2,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 6659.438 1 -total"," 44.18% 2941.845 1 Template:Infobox_mountain"," 44.06% 2934.089 2 Template:Infobox"," 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[\"CITEREFBiswas2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBoukreevDeWalt1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBradford2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBreedGurubacharya2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBristow2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrown2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChessell,_Duncan\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCluff2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCoburn2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFConger2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFConnelly2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCooper2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCrompton2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFD._SavageB._Torgler2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDaley2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeWalt,_Weston1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDouglas2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEd_Douglas2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEd_Ewing2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEmily_BaroneLon_Tweeten\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEmily_Dixon_and_Sugam_Pokharel2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFeeds2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFirthZhengWindsorSutherland2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFleetwood2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFröhlich2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGardiner_Harris2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGarner1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGilbert2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGranowski\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrayson_Schaffer2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGreenfeld2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrocott2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGulatee1955\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGurubacharya2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFH.P.S._Ahluwalia1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarlin1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHillary1953\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoldich1911\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHolley2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHopewell2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHornbein2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHueySalisbury2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHunt1953\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFIsaac_Fernández2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIsserman2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJames2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJames_Clash2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJason_Burke2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJenkins2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJesse_Greenspan\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJoe_Phelan2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohn_B_West2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJunyongYanpingJanliChunxi2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKhadka2020\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFKodas,_Michael2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKrakauer1997\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFKrakauer2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKrulwich2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLedurGalocha\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLewis2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLim2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLuke_Harding2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcCarthy,_Julie2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMessner1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMettler2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoore2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMurray1953\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMuza,_SRFulco,_CSCymerman,_A2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNavin_Singh_Khadka2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNick_Rawlinson2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNorgayRamsey_Ullman1955\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNorgayUllman1955\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNorton1924\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Neil2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Neil2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOlaussonSangster2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPTI2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFParfit1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFParker2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFParker2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeplow2004\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFPeter_Gillman1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeter_Gillman2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeter_Holley2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPokhrel2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPrasain2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRachel_Nuwer2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRaju_Silwal2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReinhold_Messner2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRosenberg\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSalisbury2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSangam_Prasain\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSano_Babu_SunuwarLakpa_Tsheri_Sherpa\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSaul2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSengupta2008\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFSharma2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSharmaMashal2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSlater\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSquires\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStadlen2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStall1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStarr,_Daniel2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStegmanBellhouseEhrenbergMantel1982\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStorti2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStrickland2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStuart2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSvati_Kirsten_Narula2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTanya_Basu\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTeam_Everest_03\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThompson2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTilman1952\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTom_HolzelAudrey_Salkeld1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTownsend2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUS_Department_of_Commerce\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUnsworth2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVajpai2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVictoria2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWaddell1898\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWallen2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWalt_Unsworth2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWashburn1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeathers2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeber2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWengel2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWest1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWest1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilkinson2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilliam_Buxton2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYelkov2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZubacheva2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFda_PolenzaVuillermozVerzaCortinovis\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFgodhead/v2011\"] = 1,\n [\"Etymology\"] = 1,\n [\"Jing_Wang\"] = 1,\n [\"wanless\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 2,\n [\"Anchor\"] = 2,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Bartable\"] = 6,\n [\"Better source needed\"] = 2,\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 4,\n [\"Cbignore\"] = 8,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite EB1911\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 34,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 23,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 6,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 99,\n [\"Cite peakbagger\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 205,\n [\"Clarify\"] = 1,\n [\"Clear\"] = 3,\n [\"Contains special characters\"] = 2,\n [\"Convert\"] = 146,\n [\"Coord\"] = 1,\n [\"Cvt\"] = 2,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Everest, Mount\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col end\"] = 1,\n [\"Eight-thousander\"] = 1,\n [\"EngvarB\"] = 1,\n [\"External media\"] = 1,\n [\"Flagcountry\"] = 24,\n [\"For\"] = 2,\n [\"Further\"] = 1,\n [\"Highest points of Asia\"] = 1,\n [\"Himalaya annotated imagemap\"] = 1,\n [\"Himalayas\"] = 1,\n [\"IPA\"] = 1,\n [\"IPAc-en\"] = 2,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 2,\n [\"Infobox mountain\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 6,\n [\"Langx\"] = 2,\n [\"Linktext\"] = 5,\n [\"Main\"] = 10,\n [\"Main list\"] = 1,\n [\"Mount Everest\"] = 1,\n [\"Native name list\"] = 1,\n [\"Navboxes\"] = 1,\n [\"Nbsp\"] = 3,\n [\"NoteFoot\"] = 1,\n [\"NoteTag\"] = 6,\n [\"Notetag\"] = 1,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 4,\n [\"OSM Himalaya\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-move\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-semi-indef\"] = 1,\n [\"Prone to spam\"] = 1,\n [\"RP\"] = 2,\n [\"Recentism section\"] = 1,\n [\"Redirect-multi\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Refn\"] = 1,\n [\"Respell\"] = 1,\n [\"Sacred Mountains of China\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 4,\n [\"Seven Summits\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfnp\"] = 1,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Sister project links\"] = 1,\n [\"Snd\"] = 1,\n [\"Transliteration\"] = 3,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Weather box\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 4,\n [\"When\"] = 1,\n [\"Wide image\"] = 1,\n [\"Zh\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","1680","32.7"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","720","14.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","380","7.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","360","7.0"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","260","5.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","200","3.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","160","3.1"],["(for generator)","120","2.3"],["type","120","2.3"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::preprocess","100","1.9"],["[others]","1040","20.2"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-65b64b4b74-klmpf","timestamp":"20250219122531","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Mount Everest","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mount_Everest","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q513","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q513","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-02-28T05:48:24Z","dateModified":"2025-02-14T00:24:53Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/b\/b6\/Mount_Everest_as_seen_from_Drukair2_PLW_edit_Cropped.jpg","headline":"Earth's highest mountain above sea level, located in the Mahalangur Himal sub-range of the Himalayas"}</script> </body> </html>