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class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Geschiedenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geschiedenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Geschiedenis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geschiedenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Economie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mobiliteit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mobiliteit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Mobiliteit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mobiliteit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Partnersteden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Partnersteden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Partnersteden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Partnersteden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geboren" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geboren"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Geboren</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geboren-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externe_link" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externe_link"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Externe link</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externe_link-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Inhoudsopgave" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Jinan</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 89 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-89" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">89 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan – Atjehs" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Jinan" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Atjehs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Jinan" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جينان – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جينان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Jinan" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Цзінань – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Цзінань" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A8lam" title="Cèlam – Bataviaans" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Cèlam" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Bataviaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Дзинан – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Дзинан" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="চিনান – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="চিনান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%85%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D" title="ཅི་ནན། – Tibetaans" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཅི་ནན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Jinan" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Цзинань – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Цзинань" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jinan" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1%CC%A4-n%C3%A0ng" title="Cá̤-nàng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Cá̤-nàng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Цзинань – Tsjetsjeens" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Цзинань" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Tsjetsjeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan_(kapital_sa_lalawigan_sa_Pangmasang_Republika_sa_T%C5%9Bina)" title="Jinan (kapital sa lalawigan sa Pangmasang Republika sa Tśina) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Jinan (kapital sa lalawigan sa Pangmasang Republika sa Tśina)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جینان – Soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="جینان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A4i-nan" title="Ťi-nan – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ťi-nan" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Jinan" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jinan" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jinan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B6%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%BD" title="Τζινάν – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τζινάν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Jinan" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%9Cinano" title="Ĝinano – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĝinano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jinan" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan_Shi" title="Jinan Shi – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jinan Shi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Jinan" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%DA%AF)" title="جینان (شاندونگ) – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جینان (شاندونگ)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jinan" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jinan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan – Noord-Fries" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Jinan" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Noord-Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BF%9F%E5%8D%97" title="濟南 – Ganyu" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="濟南" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Ganyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Jinan" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Jinan" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi-n%C3%A0m-s%E1%B9%B3" title="Chi-nàm-sṳ – Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Chi-nàm-sṳ" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%9F" title="ג'ינאן – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'ינאן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="जीनान – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जीनान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Jinan" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Csinan" title="Csinan – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Csinan" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%91%D5%A6%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Ցզինան – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ցզինան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jinan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jinan" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Jinan" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B8%88%E5%8D%97%E5%B8%82" title="済南市 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="済南市" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AB%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ძინანი – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ძინანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Jinan" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan – Gikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Jinan" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Gikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EB%82%9C%EC%8B%9C" title="지난시 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="지난시" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan – Koerdisch" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Jinan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinanum" title="Cinanum – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cinanum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzinanas" title="Dzinanas – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Dzinanas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzjina%C5%86a" title="Dzjinaņa – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Dzjinaņa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Цзинань – Moksja" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Цзинань" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan – Malagassisch" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Jinan" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagassisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%83%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ѓинан – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ѓинан" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Жинань – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Жинань" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="जीनान – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जीनान" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AE%E1%80%94%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="ကျီနန်မြို့ – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကျီနန်မြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Jinan" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan_(Shandong)" title="Jinan (Shandong) – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jinan (Shandong)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Цзинань – Ossetisch" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Цзинань" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="ਚੀਨਾਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਚੀਨਾਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jinan" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جینان – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جینان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jinan" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Jinan" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Jinan" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Цзинань – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Цзинань" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jinan" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Jinan" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhinan" title="Xhinan – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Xhinan" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ђинан – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ђинан" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jinan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="சினான் நகரம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சினான் நகரம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="จี่หนาน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จี่หนาน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Jinan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Jinan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%89%D9%86%DB%95%D9%86_%D8%B4%DB%95%DA%BE%D9%89%D8%B1%D9%89" title="جىنەن شەھىرى – Oeigoers" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="جىنەن شەھىرى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Oeigoers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Цзінань – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Цзінань" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جینان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جینان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szinan" title="Szinan – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Szinan" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BA%BF_Nam" title="Tế Nam – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tế Nam" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Jinan" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%8E%E5%8D%97%E5%B8%82" title="济南市 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="济南市" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AB%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ძინანი – Mingreels" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ძინანი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingreels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cijnanz" title="Cijnanz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Cijnanz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%8E%E5%8D%97%E5%B8%82" title="济南市 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="济南市" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BF%9F%E5%8D%97%E5%B8%82" title="濟南市 – Klassiek Chinees" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="濟南市" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Klassiek Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A8-l%C3%A2m-chh%C4%AB" title="Chè-lâm-chhī – Minnanyu" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chè-lâm-chhī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnanyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BF%9F%E5%8D%97" title="濟南 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="濟南" data-language-autonym="粵語" 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class="infobox-kop notheme" style="text-align:center;" colspan="2">Stad in <a href="/wiki/Volksrepubliek_China" title="Volksrepubliek China">China</a> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van China"><img alt="Vlag van China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:white; color:inherit; padding:0;" class="center" colspan="2"><div style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; width: 266px; max-width: 266px; float:none; clear:both;"><div style="position: relative;border: 1px solid none; padding: 0px; width: 266px; max-width: 266px;"><span class="notpageimage noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:China_edcp_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jinan (China)"><img alt="Jinan (China)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/China_edcp_location_map.svg/266px-China_edcp_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="266" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/China_edcp_location_map.svg/399px-China_edcp_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/China_edcp_location_map.svg/532px-China_edcp_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="408" /></a></span><br /><div style="position: absolute; z-index: 2; top: 50.322305557174%; left: 71.054531633708%; height: 0; width: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;"><div style="position: relative; text-align: center; left: -4px; top: -4px; width: 8px; font-size: 8px; line-height:0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Jinan"><img alt="Jinan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div style="font-size: 90%; line-height: 110%; position: relative; top: -1.5em; width: 6em; top:-2.65em; left:-3em; text-align: center;"><span style="padding: 1px;"></span></div></div></div><div style="font-size: 90%"> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" colspan="2">Situering </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Provincies_van_China" title="Provincies van China">Provincie (zìzhìqū)</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Shandong_(provincie)" title="Shandong (provincie)">Shandong</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Geografische_co%C3%B6rdinaten" title="Geografische coördinaten">Coördinaten</a> </th> <td><span class="plainlinks"><span class="coordinates plainlinks"><span><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=nl&params=36_040_00_N_116_059_00_E_type:city_scale:25000_region:CN&pagename=Jinan">36° 40′ NB, 116° 59′ OL</a></span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" colspan="2">Algemeen </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Oppervlakte" title="Oppervlakte">Oppervlakte</a> </th> <td>3.257 km² </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Bevolking" title="Bevolking">Inwoners</a> <br /><small class="nowrap">(2025)</small> </th> <td>6.750.000 </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" colspan="2">Overig </th></tr> <tr> <th>Website </th> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jinan.gov.cn">jinan.gov.cn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" colspan="2">Detailkaart </th></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" colspan="2"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:ChinaShandongJinan.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Kaart van Jinan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/ChinaShandongJinan.png/330px-ChinaShandongJinan.png" decoding="async" width="266" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/ChinaShandongJinan.png/500px-ChinaShandongJinan.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/ChinaShandongJinan.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="352" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-kop notheme center" colspan="2"> <table style="border-collapse:collapse;" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><b>Portaal</b>  <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portaalicoon"><img alt="Portaalicoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span>   </td> <td class="ta-left"><b><a href="/wiki/Portaal:China" title="Portaal:China">China</a></b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="infobox" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width:270px;"> <tbody><tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" colspan="2" style="font-size:120%">Jinan </th></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" colspan="2">Naam (taalvarianten) </th></tr><tr class="vatop"> <td style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Vereenvoudigde_Chinese_karakters" title="Vereenvoudigde Chinese karakters">Vereenvoudigd</a></td> <td style=""><span lang="zh-Hans" title="Chinees">济南</span></td> </tr><tr class="vatop"> <td style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Traditionele_Chinese_karakters" title="Traditionele Chinese karakters">Traditioneel</a></td> <td style=""><span lang="zh-Hant" title="Chinees">濟南</span></td> </tr><tr class="vatop"> <td style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_pinyin" title="Hanyu pinyin">Pinyin</a></td> <td style=""><span lang="pny" title="Pinyin">Jǐnán</span></td> </tr><tr class="vatop"> <td style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles">Wade-Giles</a></td> <td style=""><span lang="zh-Latn-wadegile" title="Chinees">Chi-nan</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <table class="vatop"> <tbody><tr class="vatop"> <td style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Standaardkantonees" title="Standaardkantonees">Standaardkantonees</a>)</small></td> <td style=""><span lang="yue-jyutping" title="Kantonees">zai3 naam4</span></td> </tr><tr class="vatop"> <td style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Standaardkantonees" title="Standaardkantonees">Standaardkantonees</a></td> <td style=""><span lang="yue" title="Kantonees">Chai Naam</span></td> </tr><tr class="vatop"> <td style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/HK-romanisatie" title="HK-romanisatie">HK-romanisatie</a> <small>(Standaardkantonees)</small></td> <td style="">Chai Nam</td> </tr><tr class="vatop"> <td style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_(romanisatie)" title="Yale (romanisatie)">Yale</a> <small>(Standaardkantonees)</small></td> <td style="">jai3 naam4</td> </tr> <tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Jinan</b> of <b>Ji'nan</b> (uitgesproken als [Djie Naan]) is een <a href="/wiki/Subprovinciale_stad" title="Subprovinciale stad">subprovinciale stad</a> en de provinciehoofdstad van de <a href="/wiki/Volksrepubliek_China" title="Volksrepubliek China">Chinese</a> provincie <a href="/wiki/Shandong_(provincie)" title="Shandong (provincie)">Shandong</a> in het oosten van het land. De stad heeft 6,75 miljoen inwoners (2025).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De stad wordt al ten minste 4000 jaar bewoond. De stad is gekend als de bronnenstad, beroemd voor zijn <a href="/wiki/Artesische_bron" title="Artesische bron">artesische bronnen</a> waarvan er 72 in de stad te vinden zijn. De Baotubron wordt zelfs vermeld in de <a href="/wiki/Lente-_en_herfstannalen" title="Lente- en herfstannalen">Lente- en herfstannalen</a> en geroemd als de <i>"eerste bron onder de hemel"</i> door <a href="/wiki/Qianlong" title="Qianlong">Qianlong</a>, keizer in de <a href="/wiki/Qing-dynastie" title="Qing-dynastie">Qing-dynastie</a>. </p><p>Hoewel de provinciehoofdstad is het niet de grootste miljoenenstad in de provincie Shandong, dat komt toe aan de havenstad <a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geschiedenis">Geschiedenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinan&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Geschiedenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinan&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Geschiedenis"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jinan is gelegen aan de zuidelijke oever van de rivier Ji (vandaar de naam Ji'nan), een rivier die in de <a href="/wiki/19e_eeuw" title="19e eeuw">19e eeuw</a> verdween door de verlegging van de bedding van de <a href="/wiki/Gele_Rivier" title="Gele Rivier">Gele Rivier</a>. De eerste vindplaatsen van artefacten van de <a href="/wiki/Longshancultuur" title="Longshancultuur">Longshancultuur</a> werden zo'n twintig kilometer ten oosten van de stad gevonden. Ten tijde van de <a href="/wiki/Han-dynastie" title="Han-dynastie">Han-dynastie</a> was Ji'nan de hoofdstad van het feodale koninkrijk Jibei. Onder meer <a href="/wiki/Cao_Cao" title="Cao Cao">Cao Cao</a> verbleef een tijd als beheerder alvorens zijn heerschappij begon. </p><p>Met de verschuiving van de <a href="/wiki/Gele_Rivier" title="Gele Rivier">Gele Rivier</a> naar een nieuw bedding (van de voormalige rivier Ji) in het noorden van Jinan (in 1852) en de oprichting van een spoorwegknooppunt, werd de stad een belangrijke markt voor landbouwproducten uit de productieve landbouwgebieden in het noorden. Na en bovenop de uitbouw van de handel in landbouwproducten, ontwikkelde de stad een textiel en kledingindustrie, meelfabrieken, oliepersen, evenals papier- en cementfabrieken. In de jaren '50, werden de grote ijzer- en staalfabrieken evenals chemische fabrieken gevestigd rond Jinan. De grote metaalfabrieken produceren <a href="/wiki/Ruwijzer" title="Ruwijzer">ruwijzer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lingot" title="Lingot">lingot</a> en afgewerkt staal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economie">Economie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinan&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Economie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinan&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Economie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jinan is sinds de jaren negentig van de <a href="/wiki/20e_eeuw" title="20e eeuw">20e eeuw</a> uitgegroeid tot een <a href="/wiki/Technologie" title="Technologie">technologiestad</a> met veel <a href="/wiki/Universiteit" title="Universiteit">universiteiten</a> en instituten voor hoger onderwijs met in totaal meer dan 200.000 studenten. De meest vooraanstaande van de universiteiten is de <a href="/wiki/Shandonguniversiteit" title="Shandonguniversiteit">Shandonguniversiteit</a>. Daarnaast zijn er ruim 200 onderzoekscentra en 10 nationale laboratoria. Jinan is de vierde stad in China op gebied van <a href="/wiki/Informatie-_en_Communicatietechnologie" class="mw-redirect" title="Informatie- en Communicatietechnologie">IT</a>. </p><p>De <a href="/wiki/CITIC_Pacific_Special_Steel_Group" title="CITIC Pacific Special Steel Group">CITIC Pacific Special Steel Group</a> heeft in Jinan een fabriek waar <a href="/wiki/Verenstaal" title="Verenstaal">verenstaal</a> wordt gemaakt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mobiliteit">Mobiliteit</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinan&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Mobiliteit" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinan&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Mobiliteit"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De stad en het omliggend gebied worden ontsloten door de internationale luchthaven Jinan Yaoqiang, zo'n 30 km ten noordoosten van het stadscentrum. De luchthaven is de thuishub van <a href="/wiki/Shandong_Airlines" title="Shandong Airlines">Shandong Airlines</a>. Meerdere belangrijke snelwegen voeren naar de stad die tevens het spoorwegknooppunt is van de spoorlijn Peking–Shanghai (de Jinghu-spoorweg) en de spoorlijnen Qingdao–Jinan en <a href="/wiki/Handan" title="Handan">Handan</a>–Jinan (de Hanji-spoorlijn). De <a href="/wiki/Hogesnelheidslijn_Peking-Shanghai" title="Hogesnelheidslijn Peking-Shanghai">hogesnelheidslijn Peking-Shanghai</a> heeft eveneens Jinan als een van zijn beperkte tussenstops. De grote stad wordt bediend door een uitgebreid netwerk van openbaar lokaal vervoer met meer dan tweehonderd buslijnen en sinds 2019 eveneens een metrosysteem, de <a href="/wiki/Metro_van_Jinan" title="Metro van Jinan">metro van Jinan</a> met drie lijnen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Partnersteden">Partnersteden</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinan&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Partnersteden" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinan&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Partnersteden"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jinan heeft met de volgende steden een partnerschap: </p> <ul><li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Japan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Japan"><img alt="Vlag van Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wakayama_(stad)" title="Wakayama (stad)">Wakayama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, sinds <a href="/wiki/14_januari" title="14 januari">14 januari</a> <a href="/wiki/1983" title="1983">1983</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_(3-5).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van het Verenigd Koninkrijk"><img alt="Vlag van Verenigd Koninkrijk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry">Coventry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Verenigd_Koninkrijk" title="Verenigd Koninkrijk">Verenigd Koninkrijk</a>, sinds <a href="/wiki/3_oktober" title="3 oktober">3 oktober</a> <a href="/wiki/1983" title="1983">1983</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Japan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Japan"><img alt="Vlag van Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Yamaguchi_(stad)" title="Yamaguchi (stad)">Yamaguchi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, sinds <a href="/wiki/20_september" title="20 september">20 september</a> <a href="/wiki/1985" title="1985">1985</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van de Verenigde Staten"><img alt="Vlag van Verenigde Staten" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Sacramento_(Californi%C3%AB)" title="Sacramento (Californië)">Sacramento</a>, <a href="/wiki/Californi%C3%AB" title="Californië">Californië</a>, <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Staten" title="Verenigde Staten">Verenigde Staten</a> sinds <a href="/wiki/29_mei" title="29 mei">29 mei</a> <a href="/wiki/1985" title="1985">1985</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Canada_(Pantone).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Canada"><img alt="Vlag van Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Regina_(Canada)" title="Regina (Canada)">Regina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, sinds <a href="/wiki/10_augustus" title="10 augustus">10 augustus</a> <a href="/wiki/1987" title="1987">1987</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Papoea-Nieuw-Guinea"><img alt="Vlag van Papoea-Nieuw-Guinea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/20px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/30px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/40px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Port_Moresby" title="Port Moresby">Port Moresby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papoea-Nieuw-Guinea" title="Papoea-Nieuw-Guinea">Papoea-Nieuw-Guinea</a>, sinds <a href="/wiki/28_september" title="28 september">28 september</a> <a href="/wiki/1988" title="1988">1988</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_South_Korea.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Zuid-Korea"><img alt="Vlag van Zuid-Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/20px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Suwon" title="Suwon">Suwon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zuid-Korea" title="Zuid-Korea">Zuid-Korea</a>, sinds <a href="/wiki/27_oktober" title="27 oktober">27 oktober</a> <a href="/wiki/1993" title="1993">1993</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Rusland"><img alt="Vlag van Rusland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Nizjni_Novgorod" title="Nizjni Novgorod">Nizjni Novgorod</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland">Rusland</a>, sinds <a href="/wiki/25_september" title="25 september">25 september</a> <a href="/wiki/1994" title="1994">1994</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Finland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Finland"><img alt="Vlag van Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Vantaa" title="Vantaa">Vantaa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>, sinds <a href="/wiki/27_augustus" title="27 augustus">27 augustus</a> <a href="/wiki/2001" title="2001">2001</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Australia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Australië"><img alt="Vlag van Australië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joondalup&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joondalup (de pagina bestaat niet)">Joondalup</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australi%C3%AB_(land)" title="Australië (land)">Australië</a>, sinds <a href="/wiki/4_september" title="4 september">4 september</a> <a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Duitsland"><img alt="Vlag van Duitsland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/20px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Augsburg_(stad)" title="Augsburg (stad)">Augsburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duitsland" title="Duitsland">Duitsland</a>, sinds <a href="/wiki/10_oktober" title="10 oktober">10 oktober</a> <a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geboren">Geboren</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinan&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Geboren" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinan&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Geboren"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Li_Qingzhao" title="Li Qingzhao">Li Qingzhao</a> (1084-1155), dichteres en schrijfster</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Yueran" title="Zhang Yueran">Zhang Yueran</a> (1982), schrijfster</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Linpeng" title="Zhang Linpeng">Zhang Linpeng</a> (1989), voetballer</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externe_link">Externe link</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinan&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Externe link" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinan&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Externe link"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Chinees">(<span>zh</span>) </span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320" /><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061004062741/http://www.jinan.gov.cn/">Website van de stad Jinan</a></li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.citypopulation.de/en/world/agglomerations/">Major Agglomerations of the World</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> <div class="interProject commons mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Jinan#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Jinan">Mediabestanden</a></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; gap:1em; align-items:center; clear:both; margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"><span class="noviewer noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div>Zie de categorie <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Jinan#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Jinan">Jinan</a></b></i> van <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> voor mediabestanden over dit onderwerp.</div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67837862">.mw-parser-output .navigatie{position:relative;clear:both;overflow:auto;margin:1em auto -0.5em;padding:2px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:87%}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken .mw-ui-icon::before{background-size:0.9em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-links,.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{right:2px}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-groot{float:right;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:#ddeef8;padding:2px 5.5em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud{padding:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud p:first-child{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background-color"],.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background"]{color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}</style> <div class="navigatie" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="Bestuurlijke_verdeling_van_de_Chinese_provincie_Shandong"> <div class="navigatie-afb-links noviewer"><div class="navigatie-bewerken show-autoconfirmed nomobile"><span class="nowrap skin-invert-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Navigatie_provincie_Shandong" title="Sjabloon:Navigatie provincie Shandong"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> · <span class="ui-state-disabled" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Overleg sjabloon (de pagina bestaat niet)"><img alt="Overleg sjabloon (de pagina bestaat niet)" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="Bestuurlijke_verdeling_van_de_Chinese_provincie_Shandong" class="navigatie-titel">Bestuurlijke verdeling van de <a href="/wiki/Volksrepubliek_China" title="Volksrepubliek China">Chinese</a> provincie <a href="/wiki/Shandong_(provincie)" title="Shandong (provincie)">Shandong</a></div> <div class="navigatie-inhoud"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67785531">.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel{margin:0 auto 0 auto;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .links{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding-left:0.5em}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr;width:100%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .links{text-align:unset}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding:unset}}</style><table class="navigatie-tabel vatop" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style=""><tbody><tr><td class="links" style=""><b><a href="/wiki/Subprovinciale_stad" title="Subprovinciale stad">Subprovinciale steden</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jinan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Stadsprefectuur" title="Stadsprefectuur">Stadsprefecturen</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Binzhou" title="Binzhou">Binzhou</a> · <a href="/wiki/Dezhou" title="Dezhou">Dezhou</a> · <a href="/wiki/Dongying" title="Dongying">Dongying</a> · <a href="/wiki/Heze_(Shandong)" title="Heze (Shandong)">Heze</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jining_(Shandong)" title="Jining (Shandong)">Jining</a> · <a href="/wiki/Laiwu" title="Laiwu">Laiwu</a> · <a href="/wiki/Liaocheng" title="Liaocheng">Liaocheng</a> · <a href="/wiki/Linyi" title="Linyi">Linyi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Rizhao" title="Rizhao">Rizhao</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tai%27an" title="Tai'an">Tai'an</a> · <a href="/wiki/Weifang" title="Weifang">Weifang</a> · <a href="/wiki/Weihai" title="Weihai">Weihai</a> · <a href="/wiki/Yantai" title="Yantai">Yantai</a> · <a href="/wiki/Zaozhuang" title="Zaozhuang">Zaozhuang</a> · <a href="/wiki/Zibo" title="Zibo">Zibo</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" 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