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<div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Mrežno mjesto"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sadržaj" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sadržaj</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Thomsonov_model_atoma" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thomsonov_model_atoma"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Thomsonov model atoma</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thomsonov_model_atoma-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pokus_s_alfa-česticama_i_zlatnim_listićem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pokus_s_alfa-česticama_i_zlatnim_listićem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Pokus s alfa-česticama i zlatnim listićem</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pokus_s_alfa-česticama_i_zlatnim_listićem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ruthefordov_planetarni_model_atoma" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ruthefordov_planetarni_model_atoma"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ruthefordov planetarni model atoma</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ruthefordov_planetarni_model_atoma-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izvori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izvori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Izvori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izvori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaz sadržaja stranice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaz sadržaja stranice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Rutherfordov model atoma</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupan je na 43 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-43" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">43 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modelo_atomico_de_Rutherford" title="Modelo atomico de Rutherford – aragonski" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Modelo atomico de Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B0%D8%AC_%D8%B1%D8%B0%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B0%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="نموذج رذرفورد للذرة – arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نموذج رذرفورد للذرة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modelu_at%C3%B3micu_de_Rutherford" title="Modelu atómicu de Rutherford – asturijski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Modelu atómicu de Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruterford_atom_modeli" title="Ruterford atom modeli – azerbajdžanski" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ruterford atom modeli" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdžanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Планетарная мадэль атама – bjeloruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Планетарная мадэль атама" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bjeloruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D1%8A%D0%B4%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Модел на Ръдърфорд – bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Модел на Ръдърфорд" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2" title="রাদারফোর্ড পরমাণু মডেল – bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রাদারফোর্ড পরমাণু মডেল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model_at%C3%B2mic_de_Rutherford" title="Model atòmic de Rutherford – katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Model atòmic de Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutherford%C5%AFv_model_atomu" title="Rutherfordův model atomu – češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rutherfordův model atomu" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutherfordsches_Atommodell" title="Rutherfordsches Atommodell – njemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rutherfordsches Atommodell" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CF%80%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%84%CF%85%CF%80%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%A1%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%BD%CF%84" title="Ατομικό πρότυπο του Ράδερφορντ – grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ατομικό πρότυπο του Ράδερφορντ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutherford_model" title="Rutherford model – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Rutherford model" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modelo_at%C3%B3mico_de_Rutherford" title="Modelo atómico de Rutherford – španjolski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Modelo atómico de Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španjolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutherforden_eredu_atomikoa" title="Rutherforden eredu atomikoa – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Rutherforden eredu atomikoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%84_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="مدل اتمی رادرفورد – perzijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مدل اتمی رادرفورد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutherfordin_atomimalli" title="Rutherfordin atomimalli – finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Rutherfordin atomimalli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le_atomique_de_Rutherford" title="Modèle atomique de Rutherford – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Modèle atomique de Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%93%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99" title="המודל הפלנטרי – hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המודל הפלנטרי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B2" title="रदरफोर्ड का परमाणु मॉडल – hindski" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रदरफोर्ड का परमाणु मॉडल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutherford-f%C3%A9le_atommodell" title="Rutherford-féle atommodell – mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Rutherford-féle atommodell" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%AB_%D5%B4%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%B4%D5%B8%D5%A4%D5%A5%D5%AC" title="Ատոմի մոլորակային մոդել – armenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ատոմի մոլորակային մոդել" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model_Rutherford" title="Model Rutherford – indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Model Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modello_atomico_di_Rutherford" title="Modello atomico di Rutherford – talijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Modello atomico di Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="talijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B6%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E3%81%AE%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="ラザフォードの原子模型 – japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ラザフォードの原子模型" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9F%AC%EB%8D%94%ED%8D%BC%EB%93%9C_%EC%9B%90%EC%9E%90_%EB%AA%A8%ED%98%95" title="러더퍼드 원자 모형 – korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="러더퍼드 원자 모형" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Радерфордов модел на атомот – makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Радерфордов модел на атомот" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%A5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%83%E0%B4%95" title="റൂഥർഫോർഡ് മാതൃക – malajalamski" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റൂഥർഫോർഡ് മാതൃക" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atoommodel_van_Rutherford" title="Atoommodel van Rutherford – nizozemski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Atoommodel van Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutherfords_atommodell" title="Rutherfords atommodell – norveški bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Rutherfords atommodell" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveški bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model_atomu_Rutherforda" title="Model atomu Rutherforda – poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Model atomu Rutherforda" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%88_%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%88%D9%84" title="ردرفورڈ ماڈل – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ردرفورڈ ماڈل" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modelo_at%C3%B4mico_de_Rutherford" title="Modelo atômico de Rutherford – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Modelo atômico de Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modelul_atomic_Rutherford" title="Modelul atomic Rutherford – rumunjski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Modelul atomic Rutherford" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Планетарная модель атома – ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Планетарная модель атома" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetarni_model_atoma" title="Planetarni model atoma – srpsko-hrvatski" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Planetarni model atoma" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srpsko-hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutherford_model" title="Rutherford model – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Rutherford model" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomi_sipas_Radh%C3%ABrfordit" title="Atomi sipas Radhërfordit – albanski" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Atomi sipas Radhërfordit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a 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interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutherford_atom_modeli" title="Rutherford atom modeli – turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Rutherford atom modeli" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Планетарна модель атома – ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Планетарна модель атома" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A0nh_tinh_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%AD" title="Hành tinh nguyên tử – vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Izvor: Wikipedija</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="hr" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Rutherford_atomic_planetary_model.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Rutherford_atomic_planetary_model.svg/300px-Rutherford_atomic_planetary_model.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Rutherford_atomic_planetary_model.svg/450px-Rutherford_atomic_planetary_model.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Rutherford_atomic_planetary_model.svg/600px-Rutherford_atomic_planetary_model.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Ruthefordov model atoma ili planetarni model atoma: <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektroni</a> (zeleno) i <a href="/wiki/Atomska_jezgra" title="Atomska jezgra">atomska jezgra</a> (crveno).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:US_Atomic_Energy_Commission_logo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/US_Atomic_Energy_Commission_logo.jpg/300px-US_Atomic_Energy_Commission_logo.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/US_Atomic_Energy_Commission_logo.jpg/450px-US_Atomic_Energy_Commission_logo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/US_Atomic_Energy_Commission_logo.jpg/600px-US_Atomic_Energy_Commission_logo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="692" data-file-height="548" /></a><figcaption>Ruthefordov model atoma kao simbol Američke agencije za atomsku energiju.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Ruthefordov model atoma</b> ili <b>planetarni model atoma</b> je model <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atoma</a> prema kojem se atom svakog <a href="/wiki/Kemijski_element" title="Kemijski element">kemijskog elementa</a> u neutralnom stanju sastoji od <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_naboj" title="Električni naboj">električno pozitivne</a> <a href="/wiki/Atomska_jezgra" title="Atomska jezgra">atomske jezgre</a> u kojoj je skoncentrirana gotova sva <a href="/wiki/Relativna_atomska_masa" title="Relativna atomska masa">masa atoma</a> i određenog broja <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektrona</a> koji se okreću oko atomske jezgre i čine omotač atoma. Ukupni negativni električni naboj elektrona jednak je pozitivnom električnom naboju atomske jezgre i zato je atom prema okolini neutralan.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Thomsonov_model_atoma">Thomsonov model atoma</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutherfordov_model_atoma&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odlomak: Thomsonov model atoma" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutherfordov_model_atoma&action=edit&section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Thomsonov model atoma"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Početkom 20. stoljeća znanstvenici su spoznali da iz atoma potiču elektroni, <a href="/wiki/Alfa-%C4%8Destica" title="Alfa-čestica">alfa-čestice</a>, pa i <a href="/wiki/Svjetlost" title="Svjetlost">svjetlost</a> ili <a href="/wiki/Foton" title="Foton">fotoni</a>, pa se došlo do uvjerenja da atomi imaju složenu građu. Otuda je došla misao da je potrebno izgled građe atoma prikazati slikovito ili postaviti model atoma. </p><p>Prvi pokušaj je 1903. učinio <a href="/wiki/Joseph_John_Thomson" title="Joseph John Thomson">Joseph John Thomson</a> i taj se prvi model atoma naziva <a href="/wiki/Thompsonov_model_atoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Thompsonov model atoma">Thompsonov model atoma</a> ili <b> model pudinga sa šljivama</b>. Prema Thomsonovom viđenju o građi atoma, atom je električno nabijena kuglica, polumjera oko 10<sup>-10</sup> <a href="/wiki/Metar" title="Metar">metara</a>, s ravnomjerno raspoređenim <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_naboj" title="Električni naboj">električnim nabojem</a>, u kojoj se nalaze negativno nabijeni elektroni, koji imaju neutralan učinak na prostorni pozitivni naboj te kuglice. Pretpostavljalo se da u tom modelu atoma, elektroni titraju oko svojih ravnotežnih položaja, a prema klasičnoj elektrodinamici, elektroni koji se kreću ubrzano, zrače <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetsko_zra%C4%8Denje" title="Elektromagnetsko zračenje">elektromagnetske valove</a>. Thomsonov model atoma je predstavljao atom kao <a href="/wiki/Harmonijsko_titranje" title="Harmonijsko titranje">harmonični oscilator</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pokus_s_alfa-česticama_i_zlatnim_listićem"><span id="Pokus_s_alfa-.C4.8Desticama_i_zlatnim_listi.C4.87em"></span>Pokus s alfa-česticama i zlatnim listićem</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutherfordov_model_atoma&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odlomak: Pokus s alfa-česticama i zlatnim listićem" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutherfordov_model_atoma&action=edit&section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Pokus s alfa-česticama i zlatnim listićem"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Thomsonov model atoma je bio na snazi sve dok <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Ernest Rutherford</a>, zajedno s <a href="/wiki/Hans_Geiger" title="Hans Geiger">Hansom Geigerom</a> i Ernestom Marsdenom, izveo <a href="/wiki/Pokus_s_alfa-%C4%8Desticama_i_zlatnim_listi%C4%87em" title="Pokus s alfa-česticama i zlatnim listićem">pokus s alfa-česticama i zlatnim listićem</a> 1909. i postavio teoriju za <a href="/wiki/Rutherfordovo_raspr%C5%A1enje" title="Rutherfordovo raspršenje">Rutherfordovo raspršenje</a>, na osnovu kojeg je dokazano postojanje <a href="/wiki/Atomska_jezgra" title="Atomska jezgra">atomske jezgre</a>. Pošto je Rutheford izračunao da je <a href="/wiki/Polumjer" class="mw-redirect" title="Polumjer">polumjer</a> atomske jezgre oko 10 000 puta manji od polumjera atoma, on je zaključio da atomi nisu loptice s ravnomjernom <a href="/wiki/Gusto%C4%87a" title="Gustoća">gustoćom</a>, već da imaju izuzetno veliku šupljikavu građu.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ruthefordov_planetarni_model_atoma">Ruthefordov planetarni model atoma</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutherfordov_model_atoma&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odlomak: Ruthefordov planetarni model atoma" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutherfordov_model_atoma&action=edit&section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Ruthefordov planetarni model atoma"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kako je Rutheford dokazao postojanje atomske jezgre, ostalo je još pitanje na koji način se održava ravnoteža elektrona u <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dno_polje" title="Električno polje">električnom polju</a> njegove atomske jezgre. Ovaj problem je Rutheford riješio pretpostavkom da je sustav atoma sličan <a href="/wiki/Planet" title="Planet">planetarnom</a> <a href="/wiki/Sun%C4%8Dev_sustav" title="Sunčev sustav">Sunčevom sustavu</a> ili da se elektroni okreću velikom <a href="/wiki/Brzina" title="Brzina">brzinom</a> oko atomske jezgre, slično kao što se planeti okreću oko <a href="/wiki/Sunce" title="Sunce">Sunca</a>. Pri tome je <a href="/wiki/Centrifugalna_sila" title="Centrifugalna sila">centrifugalna sila</a> svakog elektrona u ravnoteži s <a href="/wiki/Coulombov_zakon" title="Coulombov zakon">Coulombovom elektrostatičkom silom</a>, kojom ga atomska jezgra privlači, koja ima smjer prema atomskoj jezgri i djeluje kao centripetalna sila. Prema tome, u Ruthefordovom modelu atoma atomi se održavaju <a href="/wiki/Dinamika" title="Dinamika">dinamičkom</a> ravnotežom. Prema ovom viđenju iz 1911., atom se sastoji od atomske jezgre i elektronskog omotača kojeg čine elektroni, a između njih se nalazi praznina, u kojoj djeluju električna i <a href="/wiki/Magnetsko_polje" title="Magnetsko polje">magnetska polja</a>. </p><p>Ruthefordov model atoma je napravio veliki napredak u <a href="/wiki/Nuklearna_fizika" title="Nuklearna fizika">nuklearnoj fizici</a>, ali će on kasnije biti dopunjen s <a href="/wiki/Bohrov_model_atoma" title="Bohrov model atoma">Bohrovim modelom atoma</a>, te s radovima ostalih <a href="/wiki/Znanstvenik" title="Znanstvenik">znanstvenika</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izvori">Izvori</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutherfordov_model_atoma&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odlomak: Izvori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutherfordov_model_atoma&action=edit&section=4" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Izvori"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6541845">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> Akhlesh Lakhtakia: "Models and Modelers of Hydrogen", publisher=World Scientific, 1996.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> E. Rutherford: <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.lawebdefisica.com/arts/structureatom.pdf">[1]</a> <i>The Scattering of α and β Particles by Matter and the Structure of the Atom</i>, Philosophical Magazine, 1911.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.fer.unizg.hr/_download/repository/UNE_compl_r1_-_ver_4_DF.pdf">[2]</a><sup>[<span style="color:#a44"><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Provjerljivost" title="Wikipedija:Provjerljivost">neaktivna poveznica</a></i></span>]</sup> "Uvod u nuklearnu energetiku", Prof. dr. sc. Danilo Feretić, 2011.</span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Dobavljeno iz "<a dir="ltr" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rutherfordov_model_atoma&oldid=6843840">https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rutherfordov_model_atoma&oldid=6843840</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Kategorije" title="Posebno:Kategorije">Kategorija</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Nuklearna_fizika" title="Kategorija:Nuklearna fizika">Nuklearna fizika</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Skrivena kategorija: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:%C4%8Clanci_s_neaktivnim_poveznicama" title="Kategorija:Članci s neaktivnim poveznicama">Članci s neaktivnim poveznicama</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ova stranica posljednji je put uređivana 17. veljače 2024. u 22:57.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst je dostupan pod licencijom <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.hr">Creative Commons: Imenuj autora/Dijeli pod istim uvjetima</a>; mogu se primjenjivati i dodatni uvjeti. 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